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Staging: batman-adv: updating README
Signed-off-by: Marek Lindner <lindner_marek@yahoo.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Andrew Lunn
Greg Kroah-Hartman
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[state: 22-03-2010]
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[state: 03-05-2010]
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BATMAN-ADV
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----------
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Batman-advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which does no longer
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operate on the IP basis. Unlike B.A.T.M.A.N, which exchanges information
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using UDP packets and sets routing tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI
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Layer 2 only and uses and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It
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emulates a virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
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nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating protocols won't be
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affected by any changes within the network. You can run almost any protocol
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above B.A.T.M.A.N. Advanced, prominent examples are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
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Batman advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which
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does no longer operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon,
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which exchanges information using UDP packets and sets routing
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tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and uses
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and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It emulates a
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virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
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nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating proto-
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cols won't be affected by any changes within the network. You can
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run almost any protocol above batman advanced, prominent examples
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are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
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Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver to re-
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duce the overhead to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other)
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network driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet lan,
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vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).
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CONFIGURATION
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-------------
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Load the batman-adv module into your kernel:
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# insmod batman-adv.ko
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The module is now waiting for activation. You must add some in-
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terfaces on which batman can operate. After loading the module
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batman advanced will scan your systems interfaces to search for
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compatible interfaces. Once found, it will create subfolders in
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the /sys directories of each supported interface, e.g.
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# ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
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# iface_status mesh_iface
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If an interface does not have the "batman_adv" subfolder it prob-
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ably is not supported. Not supported interfaces are: loopback,
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non-ethernet and batman's own interfaces.
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Note: After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for
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new interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no need to
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reload the module if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your ma-
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chine after batman advanced was initially loaded.
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To activate a given interface simply write "bat0" into its
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"mesh_iface" file inside the batman_adv subfolder:
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# echo bat0 > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
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Repeat this step for all interfaces you wish to add. Now batman
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starts using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).
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By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status:
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# cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
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# active
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To deactivate an interface you have to write "none" into its
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"mesh_iface" file:
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# echo none > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
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All mesh wide settings can be found in batman's own interface
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folder:
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# ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
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# aggregate_ogm originators transtable_global vis_mode
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# orig_interval transtable_local vis_data
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Some of the files contain all sort of status information regard-
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ing the mesh network. For example, you can view the table of
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originators (mesh participants) with:
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# cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/originators
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Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your
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requirements. For instance, you can check the current originator
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interval (value in milliseconds which determines how often batman
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sends its broadcast packets):
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# cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
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# status: 1000
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and also change its value:
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# echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
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In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
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interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh more respon-
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sive to topology changes, but will also increase the overhead.
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This is batman-advanced implemented as Linux kernel driver. It does not depend
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on any network (other) driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet,
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vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).
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USAGE
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-----
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insmod the batman-adv.ko in your kernel:
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To make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides
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a new interface "bat0" which you should use from this point on.
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All interfaces added to batman advanced are not relevant any
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longer because batman handles them for you. Basically, one "hands
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over" the data by using the batman interface and batman will make
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sure it reaches its destination.
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# insmod batman-adv.ko
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The "bat0" interface can be used like any other regular inter-
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face. It needs an IP address which can be either statically con-
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figured or dynamically (by using DHCP or similar services):
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the module is now waiting for activation. You must add some interfaces
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on which batman can operate. Each interface must be added separately:
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# NodeA: ifconfig bat0 192.168.0.1
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# NodeB: ifconfig bat0 192.168.0.2
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# NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1
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# echo wlan0 > /proc/net/batman-adv/interfaces
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Note: In order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previ-
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ously assigned to interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.
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( # echo wlan1 > /proc/net/batman-adv/interfaces )
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( # echo eth0 > /proc/net/batman-adv/interfaces )
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( ... )
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# ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
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Now batman starts broadcasting on this interface.
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You can now view the table of originators (mesh participants) with:
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# cat /proc/net/batman-adv/originators
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VISUALIZATION
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-------------
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The module will create a new interface "bat0", which can be used as a
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regular interface:
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If you want topology visualization, at least one mesh node must
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be configured as VIS-server:
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# ifconfig bat0 inet 192.168.0.1 up
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# ping 192.168.0.2
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...
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# echo "server" > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/vis_mode
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---
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If you want topology visualization, your meshnode must be configured
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as VIS-server:
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Each node is either configured as "server" or as "client" (de-
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fault: "client"). Clients send their topology data to the server
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next to them, and server synchronize with other servers. If there
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is no server configured (default) within the mesh, no topology
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information will be transmitted. With these "synchronizing
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servers", there can be 1 or more vis servers sharing the same (or
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at least very similar) data.
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# echo "server" > /proc/net/batman-adv/vis_server
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When configured as server, you can get a topology snapshot of
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your mesh:
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Each node is either configured as "server" or as "client" (default:
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"client"). Clients send their topology data to the server next to them,
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and server synchronize with other servers. If there is no server
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configured (default) within the mesh, no topology information will be
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transmitted. With these "synchronizing servers", there can be 1 or
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more vis servers sharing the same (or at least very similar) data.
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# cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/vis_data
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When configured as server, you can get a topology snapshot of your mesh:
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This raw output is intended to be easily parsable and convertable
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with other tools. Have a look at the batctl README if you want a
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vis output in dot or json format for instance and how those out-
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puts could then be visualised in an image.
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# cat /proc/net/batman-adv/vis_data
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This raw output is intended to be easily parsable and convertable with
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other tools. Have a look at the batctl README if you want a vis output
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in dot or json format for instance and how those outputs could then be
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visualised in an image.
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The raw format consists of comma seperated values per entry where each
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entry is giving information about a certain source interface. Each entry
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can/has to have the following values:
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-> "mac" -> mac address of an originator's source interface
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The raw format consists of comma separated values per entry where
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each entry is giving information about a certain source inter-
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face. Each entry can/has to have the following values:
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-> "mac" - mac address of an originator's source interface
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(each line begins with it)
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-> "TQ mac value" -> src mac's link quality towards mac address of a neighbor
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originator's interface which is being used for routing
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-> "HNA mac" -> HNA announced by source mac
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-> "PRIMARY" -> this is a primary interface
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-> "SEC mac" -> secondary mac address of source (requires preceeding
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-> PRIMARY)
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-> "TQ mac value" - src mac's link quality towards mac address
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of a neighbor originator's interface which
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is being used for routing
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-> "HNA mac" - HNA announced by source mac
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-> "PRIMARY" - this is a primary interface
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-> "SEC mac" - secondary mac address of source
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(requires preceding PRIMARY)
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The TQ value has a range from 4 to 255 with 255 being the best.
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The HNA entries are showing which hosts are connected to the mesh via bat0
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or being bridged into the mesh network.
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The PRIMARY/SEC values are only applied on primary interfaces
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The TQ value has a range from 4 to 255 with 255 being the best.
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The HNA entries are showing which hosts are connected to the mesh
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via bat0 or being bridged into the mesh network. The PRIMARY/SEC
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values are only applied on primary interfaces
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---
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In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
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interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh more responsive to
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topology changes, but will also increase the overhead. Please make sure
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that all nodes in your mesh use the same interval. The default value
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is 1000 ms (1 second).
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# echo 1000 > /proc/net/batman-adv/orig_interval
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To deactivate batman, do:
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# echo "" > /proc/net/batman-adv/interfaces
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LOGGING/DEBUGGING
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-----------------
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All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to the
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kernel log. Depending on your operating system distribution this can be
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read in one of a number of ways. Try using the commands: dmesg,
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logread, or looking in the files /var/log/kern.log or
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/var/log/syslog. All batman-adv messages are prefixed with
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All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to
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the kernel log. Depending on your operating system distribution
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this can be read in one of a number of ways. Try using the com-
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mands: dmesg, logread, or looking in the files /var/log/kern.log
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or /var/log/syslog. All batman-adv messages are prefixed with
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"batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try
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dmesg | grep batman-adv
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# dmesg | grep batman-adv
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When investigating problems with your mesh network it is sometimes
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necessary to see more detail debug messages. This must be enabled when
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compiling the batman-adv module. Use "make menuconfig" and enable the
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When investigating problems with your mesh network it is some-
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times necessary to see more detail debug messages. This must be
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enabled when compiling the batman-adv module. When building bat-
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man-adv as part of kernel, use "make menuconfig" and enable the
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option "B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging".
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The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be enabled
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either at kernel module load time or during run time. To enable debug
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output at module load time, add the module parameter debug=<value>.
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<value> can take one of four values.
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The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be en-
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abled either at kernel modules load time or during run time. To
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enable debug output at module load time, add the module parameter
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debug=<value>. <value> can take one of four values.
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0 - All debug output disabled
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0 - All debug output disabled
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1 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
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2 - Enable route or hna added / changed / deleted
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3 - Enable all messages
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e.g.
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modprobe batman-adv debug=2
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# modprobe batman-adv debug=2
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will load the module and enable debug messages for when routes or HNAs
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change.
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will load the module and enable debug messages for when routes or
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HNAs change.
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The debug output can also be changed at runtime using the file
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The debug output can also be changed at runtime using the file
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/sys/module/batman-adv/parameters/debug. e.g.
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echo 2 > /sys/module/batman-adv/parameters/debug
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# echo 2 > /sys/module/batman-adv/parameters/debug
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enables debug messages for when routes or HNAs
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The debug output is sent to the kernel logs. So try dmesg, logread etc
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to see the debug messages.
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The debug output is sent to the kernel logs. So try dmesg, lo-
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gread, etc to see the debug messages.
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BATCTL
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------
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B.A.T.M.A.N. advanced operates on layer 2 and thus all hosts
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participating in the virtual switch are completely transparent for all
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protocols above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do not
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work as expected. To overcome these problems batctl was created. At
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the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump and
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As batman advanced operates on layer 2 all hosts participating in
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the virtual switch are completely transparent for all protocols
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above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do not work
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as expected. To overcome these problems batctl was created. At
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the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump and
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interfaces to the kernel module settings.
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For more information, please see the manpage (man batctl).
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batctl is available on http://www.open-mesh.net/
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batctl is available on http://www.open-mesh.org/
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CONTACT
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-------
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Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)
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IRC: #batman on irc.freenode.org
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Mailing-list: b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.net
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(subscription at https://list.open-mesh.net/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n )
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IRC: #batman on irc.freenode.org
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Mailing-list: b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.net (optional subscription
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at https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)
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You can also contact the Authors:
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Marek Lindner <lindner_marek@yahoo.de>
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Simon Wunderlich <siwu@hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
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Marek Lindner <lindner_marek@yahoo.de>
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Simon Wunderlich <siwu@hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
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