bpf: add selftest for stackmap with BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID

test_stacktrace_build_id() is added. It accesses tracepoint urandom_read
with "dd" and "urandom_read" and gathers stack traces. Then it reads the
stack traces from the stackmap.

urandom_read is a statically link binary that reads from /dev/urandom.
test_stacktrace_build_id() calls readelf to read build ID of urandom_read
and compares it with build ID from the stackmap.

Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -231,6 +231,28 @@ enum bpf_attach_type {
 #define BPF_F_RDONLY		(1U << 3)
 #define BPF_F_WRONLY		(1U << 4)
 
+/* Flag for stack_map, store build_id+offset instead of pointer */
+#define BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID	(1U << 5)
+
+enum bpf_stack_build_id_status {
+	/* user space need an empty entry to identify end of a trace */
+	BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_EMPTY = 0,
+	/* with valid build_id and offset */
+	BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID = 1,
+	/* couldn't get build_id, fallback to ip */
+	BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_IP = 2,
+};
+
+#define BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE 20
+struct bpf_stack_build_id {
+	__s32		status;
+	unsigned char	build_id[BPF_BUILD_ID_SIZE];
+	union {
+		__u64	offset;
+		__u64	ip;
+	};
+};
+
 union bpf_attr {
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_MAP_CREATE command */
 		__u32	map_type;	/* one of enum bpf_map_type */

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile

@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ endif
 CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -I$(APIDIR) -I$(LIBDIR) -I$(GENDIR) $(GENFLAGS) -I../../../include
 LDLIBS += -lcap -lelf -lrt -lpthread
 
+TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS = $(OUTPUT)/urandom_read
+all: $(TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS)
+
+$(TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS): urandom_read
+
+urandom_read: urandom_read.c
+	$(CC) -o $(TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS) -static $<
+
 # Order correspond to 'make run_tests' order
 TEST_GEN_PROGS = test_verifier test_tag test_maps test_lru_map test_lpm_map test_progs \
 	test_align test_verifier_log test_dev_cgroup test_tcpbpf_user
@@ -21,7 +29,7 @@ TEST_GEN_FILES = test_pkt_access.o test_xdp.o test_l4lb.o test_tcp_estats.o test
 	test_pkt_md_access.o test_xdp_redirect.o test_xdp_meta.o sockmap_parse_prog.o     \
 	sockmap_verdict_prog.o dev_cgroup.o sample_ret0.o test_tracepoint.o \
 	test_l4lb_noinline.o test_xdp_noinline.o test_stacktrace_map.o \
-	sample_map_ret0.o test_tcpbpf_kern.o
+	sample_map_ret0.o test_tcpbpf_kern.o test_stacktrace_build_id.o
 
 # Order correspond to 'make run_tests' order
 TEST_PROGS := test_kmod.sh \
@@ -74,3 +82,5 @@ $(OUTPUT)/%.o: %.c
 	$(CLANG) $(CLANG_FLAGS) \
 		 -O2 -target bpf -emit-llvm -c $< -o - |      \
 	$(LLC) -march=bpf -mcpu=$(CPU) -filetype=obj -o $@
+
+EXTRA_CLEAN := $(TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS)

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs.c

@@ -841,7 +841,8 @@ static void test_tp_attach_query(void)
 static int compare_map_keys(int map1_fd, int map2_fd)
 {
 	__u32 key, next_key;
-	char val_buf[PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH * sizeof(__u64)];
+	char val_buf[PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH *
+		     sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id)];
 	int err;
 
 	err = bpf_map_get_next_key(map1_fd, NULL, &key);
@@ -964,6 +965,166 @@ out:
 	return;
 }
 
+static int extract_build_id(char *build_id, size_t size)
+{
+	FILE *fp;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	fp = popen("readelf -n ./urandom_read | grep 'Build ID'", "r");
+	if (fp == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (getline(&line, &len, fp) == -1)
+		goto err;
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	if (len > size)
+		len = size;
+	memcpy(build_id, line, len);
+	build_id[len] = '\0';
+	return 0;
+err:
+	fclose(fp);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void test_stacktrace_build_id(void)
+{
+	int control_map_fd, stackid_hmap_fd, stackmap_fd;
+	const char *file = "./test_stacktrace_build_id.o";
+	int bytes, efd, err, pmu_fd, prog_fd;
+	struct perf_event_attr attr = {};
+	__u32 key, previous_key, val, duration = 0;
+	struct bpf_object *obj;
+	char buf[256];
+	int i, j;
+	struct bpf_stack_build_id id_offs[PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH];
+	int build_id_matches = 0;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_load(file, BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT, &obj, &prog_fd);
+	if (CHECK(err, "prog_load", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Get the ID for the sched/sched_switch tracepoint */
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+		 "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/random/urandom_read/id");
+	efd = open(buf, O_RDONLY, 0);
+	if (CHECK(efd < 0, "open", "err %d errno %d\n", efd, errno))
+		goto close_prog;
+
+	bytes = read(efd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	close(efd);
+	if (CHECK(bytes <= 0 || bytes >= sizeof(buf),
+		  "read", "bytes %d errno %d\n", bytes, errno))
+		goto close_prog;
+
+	/* Open the perf event and attach bpf progrram */
+	attr.config = strtol(buf, NULL, 0);
+	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT;
+	attr.sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_RAW | PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN;
+	attr.sample_period = 1;
+	attr.wakeup_events = 1;
+	pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &attr, -1 /* pid */,
+			 0 /* cpu 0 */, -1 /* group id */,
+			 0 /* flags */);
+	if (CHECK(pmu_fd < 0, "perf_event_open", "err %d errno %d\n",
+		  pmu_fd, errno))
+		goto close_prog;
+
+	err = ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);
+	if (CHECK(err, "perf_event_ioc_enable", "err %d errno %d\n",
+		  err, errno))
+		goto close_pmu;
+
+	err = ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd);
+	if (CHECK(err, "perf_event_ioc_set_bpf", "err %d errno %d\n",
+		  err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	/* find map fds */
+	control_map_fd = bpf_find_map(__func__, obj, "control_map");
+	if (CHECK(control_map_fd < 0, "bpf_find_map control_map",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	stackid_hmap_fd = bpf_find_map(__func__, obj, "stackid_hmap");
+	if (CHECK(stackid_hmap_fd < 0, "bpf_find_map stackid_hmap",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	stackmap_fd = bpf_find_map(__func__, obj, "stackmap");
+	if (CHECK(stackmap_fd < 0, "bpf_find_map stackmap", "err %d errno %d\n",
+		  err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	assert(system("dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/zero count=4 2> /dev/null")
+	       == 0);
+	assert(system("./urandom_read if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/zero count=4 2> /dev/null") == 0);
+	/* disable stack trace collection */
+	key = 0;
+	val = 1;
+	bpf_map_update_elem(control_map_fd, &key, &val, 0);
+
+	/* for every element in stackid_hmap, we can find a corresponding one
+	 * in stackmap, and vise versa.
+	 */
+	err = compare_map_keys(stackid_hmap_fd, stackmap_fd);
+	if (CHECK(err, "compare_map_keys stackid_hmap vs. stackmap",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	err = compare_map_keys(stackmap_fd, stackid_hmap_fd);
+	if (CHECK(err, "compare_map_keys stackmap vs. stackid_hmap",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	err = extract_build_id(buf, 256);
+
+	if (CHECK(err, "get build_id with readelf",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	err = bpf_map_get_next_key(stackmap_fd, NULL, &key);
+	if (CHECK(err, "get_next_key from stackmap",
+		  "err %d, errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto disable_pmu;
+
+	do {
+		char build_id[64];
+
+		err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(stackmap_fd, &key, id_offs);
+		if (CHECK(err, "lookup_elem from stackmap",
+			  "err %d, errno %d\n", err, errno))
+			goto disable_pmu;
+		for (i = 0; i < PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH; ++i)
+			if (id_offs[i].status == BPF_STACK_BUILD_ID_VALID &&
+			    id_offs[i].offset != 0) {
+				for (j = 0; j < 20; ++j)
+					sprintf(build_id + 2 * j, "%02x",
+						id_offs[i].build_id[j] & 0xff);
+				if (strstr(buf, build_id) != NULL)
+					build_id_matches = 1;
+			}
+		previous_key = key;
+	} while (bpf_map_get_next_key(stackmap_fd, &previous_key, &key) == 0);
+
+	CHECK(build_id_matches < 1, "build id match",
+	      "Didn't find expected build ID from the map");
+
+disable_pmu:
+	ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE);
+
+close_pmu:
+	close(pmu_fd);
+
+close_prog:
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+
+out:
+	return;
+}
+
 int main(void)
 {
 	test_pkt_access();
@@ -976,6 +1137,7 @@ int main(void)
 	test_obj_name();
 	test_tp_attach_query();
 	test_stacktrace_map();
+	test_stacktrace_build_id();
 
 	printf("Summary: %d PASSED, %d FAILED\n", pass_cnt, error_cnt);
 	return error_cnt ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_stacktrace_build_id.c

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2018 Facebook
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+#ifndef PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH
+#define PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH         127
+#endif
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") control_map = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
+	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
+	.value_size = sizeof(__u32),
+	.max_entries = 1,
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") stackid_hmap = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
+	.value_size = sizeof(__u32),
+	.max_entries = 10000,
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") stackmap = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
+	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
+	.value_size = sizeof(struct bpf_stack_build_id)
+		* PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH,
+	.max_entries = 128,
+	.map_flags = BPF_F_STACK_BUILD_ID,
+};
+
+/* taken from /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/random/urandom_read/format */
+struct random_urandom_args {
+	unsigned long long pad;
+	int got_bits;
+	int pool_left;
+	int input_left;
+};
+
+SEC("tracepoint/random/urandom_read")
+int oncpu(struct random_urandom_args *args)
+{
+	__u32 key = 0, val = 0, *value_p;
+
+	value_p = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&control_map, &key);
+	if (value_p && *value_p)
+		return 0; /* skip if non-zero *value_p */
+
+	/* The size of stackmap and stackid_hmap should be the same */
+	key = bpf_get_stackid(args, &stackmap, BPF_F_USER_STACK);
+	if ((int)key >= 0)
+		bpf_map_update_elem(&stackid_hmap, &key, &val, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+__u32 _version SEC("version") = 1; /* ignored by tracepoints, required by libbpf.a */

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/urandom_read.c

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define BUF_SIZE 256
+int main(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
+	int i;
+	char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+		read(fd, buf, BUF_SIZE);
+
+	close(fd);
+	return 0;
+}