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* acpi-doc:
  Documentation / CPU hotplug: Rephrase the outdated description for MADT entries
  ACPI / video: update video_extension.txt for backlight control
  ACPI / video: move video_extension.txt to Documentation/acpi
  ACPI / video: add description for brightness_switch_enabled
  ACPI: Add ACPI namespace documentation
  ACPI: Add sysfs ABI documentation
  ACPI: Update MAINTAINERS file to include Documentation/acpi
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Rafael J. Wysocki 2013-06-28 13:00:45 +02:00
commit e8b6cb3947
8 changed files with 575 additions and 40 deletions
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What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../path
Date: December 2006
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute indicates the full path of ACPI namespace
object associated with the device object. For example,
\_SB_.PCI0.
This file is not present for device objects representing
fixed ACPI hardware features (like power and sleep
buttons).
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../modalias
Date: July 2007
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute indicates the PNP IDs of the device object.
That is acpi:HHHHHHHH:[CCCCCCC:]. Where each HHHHHHHH or
CCCCCCCC contains device object's PNPID (_HID or _CID).
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../hid
Date: April 2005
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute indicates the hardware ID (_HID) of the
device object. For example, PNP0103.
This file is present for device objects having the _HID
control method.
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../description
Date: October 2012
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute contains the output of the device object's
_STR control method, if present.
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../adr
Date: October 2012
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute contains the output of the device object's
_ADR control method, which is present for ACPI device
objects representing devices having standard enumeration
algorithms, such as PCI.
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../uid
Date: October 2012
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
This attribute contains the output of the device object's
_UID control method, if present.
What: /sys/bus/acpi/devices/.../eject
Date: December 2006
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
Writing 1 to this attribute will trigger hot removal of
this device object. This file exists for every device
object that has _EJ0 method.

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Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-sun
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Whatt: /sys/devices/.../sun
What: /sys/devices/.../sun
Date: October 2012
Contact: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Description:

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ACPI Device Tree - Representation of ACPI Namespace
Copyright (C) 2013, Intel Corporation
Author: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Abstract:
The Linux ACPI subsystem converts ACPI namespace objects into a Linux
device tree under the /sys/devices/LNXSYSTEM:00 and updates it upon
receiving ACPI hotplug notification events. For each device object in this
hierarchy there is a corresponding symbolic link in the
/sys/bus/acpi/devices.
This document illustrates the structure of the ACPI device tree.
Credit:
Thanks for the help from Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com> and Rafael J.
Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>.
1. ACPI Definition Blocks
The ACPI firmware sets up RSDP (Root System Description Pointer) in the
system memory address space pointing to the XSDT (Extended System
Description Table). The XSDT always points to the FADT (Fixed ACPI
Description Table) using its first entry, the data within the FADT
includes various fixed-length entries that describe fixed ACPI features
of the hardware. The FADT contains a pointer to the DSDT
(Differentiated System Descripition Table). The XSDT also contains
entries pointing to possibly multiple SSDTs (Secondary System
Description Table).
The DSDT and SSDT data is organized in data structures called definition
blocks that contain definitions of various objects, including ACPI
control methods, encoded in AML (ACPI Machine Language). The data block
of the DSDT along with the contents of SSDTs represents a hierarchical
data structure called the ACPI namespace whose topology reflects the
structure of the underlying hardware platform.
The relationships between ACPI System Definition Tables described above
are illustrated in the following diagram.
+---------+ +-------+ +--------+ +------------------------+
| RSDP | +->| XSDT | +->| FADT | | +-------------------+ |
+---------+ | +-------+ | +--------+ +-|->| DSDT | |
| Pointer | | | Entry |-+ | ...... | | | +-------------------+ |
+---------+ | +-------+ | X_DSDT |--+ | | Definition Blocks | |
| Pointer |-+ | ..... | | ...... | | +-------------------+ |
+---------+ +-------+ +--------+ | +-------------------+ |
| Entry |------------------|->| SSDT | |
+- - - -+ | +-------------------| |
| Entry | - - - - - - - -+ | | Definition Blocks | |
+- - - -+ | | +-------------------+ |
| | +- - - - - - - - - -+ |
+-|->| SSDT | |
| +-------------------+ |
| | Definition Blocks | |
| +- - - - - - - - - -+ |
+------------------------+
|
OSPM Loading |
\|/
+----------------+
| ACPI Namespace |
+----------------+
Figure 1. ACPI Definition Blocks
NOTE: RSDP can also contain a pointer to the RSDT (Root System
Description Table). Platforms provide RSDT to enable
compatibility with ACPI 1.0 operating systems. The OS is expected
to use XSDT, if present.
2. Example ACPI Namespace
All definition blocks are loaded into a single namespace. The namespace
is a hierarchy of objects identified by names and paths.
The following naming conventions apply to object names in the ACPI
namespace:
1. All names are 32 bits long.
2. The first byte of a name must be one of 'A' - 'Z', '_'.
3. Each of the remaining bytes of a name must be one of 'A' - 'Z', '0'
- '9', '_'.
4. Names starting with '_' are reserved by the ACPI specification.
5. The '\' symbol represents the root of the namespace (i.e. names
prepended with '\' are relative to the namespace root).
6. The '^' symbol represents the parent of the current namespace node
(i.e. names prepended with '^' are relative to the parent of the
current namespace node).
The figure below shows an example ACPI namespace.
+------+
| \ | Root
+------+
|
| +------+
+-| _PR | Scope(_PR): the processor namespace
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| CPU0 | Processor(CPU0): the first processor
| +------+
|
| +------+
+-| _SB | Scope(_SB): the system bus namespace
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| LID0 | Device(LID0); the lid device
| | +------+
| | |
| | | +------+
| | +-| _HID | Name(_HID, "PNP0C0D"): the hardware ID
| | | +------+
| | |
| | | +------+
| | +-| _STA | Method(_STA): the status control method
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| PCI0 | Device(PCI0); the PCI root bridge
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| _HID | Name(_HID, "PNP0A08"): the hardware ID
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| _CID | Name(_CID, "PNP0A03"): the compatible ID
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| RP03 | Scope(RP03): the PCI0 power scope
| | +------+
| | |
| | | +------+
| | +-| PXP3 | PowerResource(PXP3): the PCI0 power resource
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| GFX0 | Device(GFX0): the graphics adapter
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| _ADR | Name(_ADR, 0x00020000): the PCI bus address
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| DD01 | Device(DD01): the LCD output device
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| _BCL | Method(_BCL): the backlight control method
| +------+
|
| +------+
+-| _TZ | Scope(_TZ): the thermal zone namespace
| +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| FN00 | PowerResource(FN00): the FAN0 power resource
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| FAN0 | Device(FAN0): the FAN0 cooling device
| | +------+
| | |
| | | +------+
| | +-| _HID | Name(_HID, "PNP0A0B"): the hardware ID
| | +------+
| |
| | +------+
| +-| TZ00 | ThermalZone(TZ00); the FAN thermal zone
| +------+
|
| +------+
+-| _GPE | Scope(_GPE): the GPE namespace
+------+
Figure 2. Example ACPI Namespace
3. Linux ACPI Device Objects
The Linux kernel's core ACPI subsystem creates struct acpi_device
objects for ACPI namespace objects representing devices, power resources
processors, thermal zones. Those objects are exported to user space via
sysfs as directories in the subtree under /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00. The
format of their names is <bus_id:instance>, where 'bus_id' refers to the
ACPI namespace representation of the given object and 'instance' is used
for distinguishing different object of the same 'bus_id' (it is
two-digit decimal representation of an unsigned integer).
The value of 'bus_id' depends on the type of the object whose name it is
part of as listed in the table below.
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| | Object/Feature | Table | bus_id |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | Root | xSDT | LNXSYSTM |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | Device | xSDT | _HID |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | Processor | xSDT | LNXCPU |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | ThermalZone | xSDT | LNXTHERM |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | PowerResource | xSDT | LNXPOWER |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| N | Other Devices | xSDT | device |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| F | PWR_BUTTON | FADT | LNXPWRBN |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| F | SLP_BUTTON | FADT | LNXSLPBN |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| M | Video Extension | xSDT | LNXVIDEO |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| M | ATA Controller | xSDT | LNXIOBAY |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
| M | Docking Station | xSDT | LNXDOCK |
+---+-----------------+-------+----------+
Table 1. ACPI Namespace Objects Mapping
The following rules apply when creating struct acpi_device objects on
the basis of the contents of ACPI System Description Tables (as
indicated by the letter in the first column and the notation in the
second column of the table above):
N:
The object's source is an ACPI namespace node (as indicated by the
named object's type in the second column). In that case the object's
directory in sysfs will contain the 'path' attribute whose value is
the full path to the node from the namespace root.
struct acpi_device objects are created for the ACPI namespace nodes
whose _STA control methods return PRESENT or FUNCTIONING. The power
resource nodes or nodes without _STA are assumed to be both PRESENT
and FUNCTIONING.
F:
The struct acpi_device object is created for a fixed hardware
feature (as indicated by the fixed feature flag's name in the second
column), so its sysfs directory will not contain the 'path'
attribute.
M:
The struct acpi_device object is created for an ACPI namespace node
with specific control methods (as indicated by the ACPI defined
device's type in the second column). The 'path' attribute containing
its namespace path will be present in its sysfs directory. For
example, if the _BCL method is present for an ACPI namespace node, a
struct acpi_device object with LNXVIDEO 'bus_id' will be created for
it.
The third column of the above table indicates which ACPI System
Description Tables contain information used for the creation of the
struct acpi_device objects represented by the given row (xSDT means DSDT
or SSDT).
The forth column of the above table indicates the 'bus_id' generation
rule of the struct acpi_device object:
_HID:
_HID in the last column of the table means that the object's bus_id
is derived from the _HID/_CID identification objects present under
the corresponding ACPI namespace node. The object's sysfs directory
will then contain the 'hid' and 'modalias' attributes that can be
used to retrieve the _HID and _CIDs of that object.
LNXxxxxx:
The 'modalias' attribute is also present for struct acpi_device
objects having bus_id of the "LNXxxxxx" form (pseudo devices), in
which cases it contains the bus_id string itself.
device:
'device' in the last column of the table indicates that the object's
bus_id cannot be determined from _HID/_CID of the corresponding
ACPI namespace node, although that object represents a device (for
example, it may be a PCI device with _ADR defined and without _HID
or _CID). In that case the string 'device' will be used as the
object's bus_id.
4. Linux ACPI Physical Device Glue
ACPI device (i.e. struct acpi_device) objects may be linked to other
objects in the Linux' device hierarchy that represent "physical" devices
(for example, devices on the PCI bus). If that happens, it means that
the ACPI device object is a "companion" of a device otherwise
represented in a different way and is used (1) to provide configuration
information on that device which cannot be obtained by other means and
(2) to do specific things to the device with the help of its ACPI
control methods. One ACPI device object may be linked this way to
multiple "physical" devices.
If an ACPI device object is linked to a "physical" device, its sysfs
directory contains the "physical_node" symbolic link to the sysfs
directory of the target device object. In turn, the target device's
sysfs directory will then contain the "firmware_node" symbolic link to
the sysfs directory of the companion ACPI device object.
The linking mechanism relies on device identification provided by the
ACPI namespace. For example, if there's an ACPI namespace object
representing a PCI device (i.e. a device object under an ACPI namespace
object representing a PCI bridge) whose _ADR returns 0x00020000 and the
bus number of the parent PCI bridge is 0, the sysfs directory
representing the struct acpi_device object created for that ACPI
namespace object will contain the 'physical_node' symbolic link to the
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02:0/ sysfs directory of the
corresponding PCI device.
The linking mechanism is generally bus-specific. The core of its
implementation is located in the drivers/acpi/glue.c file, but there are
complementary parts depending on the bus types in question located
elsewhere. For example, the PCI-specific part of it is located in
drivers/pci/pci-acpi.c.
5. Example Linux ACPI Device Tree
The sysfs hierarchy of struct acpi_device objects corresponding to the
example ACPI namespace illustrated in Figure 2 with the addition of
fixed PWR_BUTTON/SLP_BUTTON devices is shown below.
+--------------+---+-----------------+
| LNXSYSTEM:00 | \ | acpi:LNXSYSTEM: |
+--------------+---+-----------------+
|
| +-------------+-----+----------------+
+-| LNXPWRBN:00 | N/A | acpi:LNXPWRBN: |
| +-------------+-----+----------------+
|
| +-------------+-----+----------------+
+-| LNXSLPBN:00 | N/A | acpi:LNXSLPBN: |
| +-------------+-----+----------------+
|
| +-----------+------------+--------------+
+-| LNXCPU:00 | \_PR_.CPU0 | acpi:LNXCPU: |
| +-----------+------------+--------------+
|
| +-------------+-------+----------------+
+-| LNXSYBUS:00 | \_SB_ | acpi:LNXSYBUS: |
| +-------------+-------+----------------+
| |
| | +- - - - - - - +- - - - - - +- - - - - - - -+
| +-| * PNP0C0D:00 | \_SB_.LID0 | acpi:PNP0C0D: |
| | +- - - - - - - +- - - - - - +- - - - - - - -+
| |
| | +------------+------------+-----------------------+
| +-| PNP0A08:00 | \_SB_.PCI0 | acpi:PNP0A08:PNP0A03: |
| +------------+------------+-----------------------+
| |
| | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
| +-| device:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.RP03 | N/A |
| | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
| | |
| | | +-------------+----------------------+----------------+
| | +-| LNXPOWER:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.RP03.PXP3 | acpi:LNXPOWER: |
| | +-------------+----------------------+----------------+
| |
| | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
| +-| LNXVIDEO:00 | \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0 | acpi:LNXVIDEO: |
| +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
| |
| | +-----------+-----------------+-----+
| +-| device:01 | \_SB_.PCI0.DD01 | N/A |
| +-----------+-----------------+-----+
|
| +-------------+-------+----------------+
+-| LNXSYBUS:01 | \_TZ_ | acpi:LNXSYBUS: |
+-------------+-------+----------------+
|
| +-------------+------------+----------------+
+-| LNXPOWER:0a | \_TZ_.FN00 | acpi:LNXPOWER: |
| +-------------+------------+----------------+
|
| +------------+------------+---------------+
+-| PNP0C0B:00 | \_TZ_.FAN0 | acpi:PNP0C0B: |
| +------------+------------+---------------+
|
| +-------------+------------+----------------+
+-| LNXTHERM:00 | \_TZ_.TZ00 | acpi:LNXTHERM: |
+-------------+------------+----------------+
Figure 3. Example Linux ACPI Device Tree
NOTE: Each node is represented as "object/path/modalias", where:
1. 'object' is the name of the object's directory in sysfs.
2. 'path' is the ACPI namespace path of the corresponding
ACPI namespace object, as returned by the object's 'path'
sysfs attribute.
3. 'modalias' is the value of the object's 'modalias' sysfs
attribute (as described earlier in this document).
NOTE: N/A indicates the device object does not have the 'path' or the
'modalias' attribute.
NOTE: The PNP0C0D device listed above is highlighted (marked by "*")
to indicate it will be created only when its _STA methods return
PRESENT or FUNCTIONING.

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ACPI video extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This driver implement the ACPI Extensions For Display Adapters for
integrated graphics devices on motherboard, as specified in ACPI 2.0
Specification, Appendix B, allowing to perform some basic control like
defining the video POST device, retrieving EDID information or to
setup a video output, etc. Note that this is an ref. implementation
only. It may or may not work for your integrated video device.
The ACPI video driver does 3 things regarding backlight control:
1 Export a sysfs interface for user space to control backlight level
If the ACPI table has a video device, and acpi_backlight=vendor kernel
command line is not present, the driver will register a backlight device
and set the required backlight operation structure for it for the sysfs
interface control. For every registered class device, there will be a
directory named acpi_videoX under /sys/class/backlight.
The backlight sysfs interface has a standard definition here:
Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-class-backlight.
And what ACPI video driver does is:
actual_brightness: on read, control method _BQC will be evaluated to
get the brightness level the firmware thinks it is at;
bl_power: not implemented, will set the current brightness instead;
brightness: on write, control method _BCM will run to set the requested
brightness level;
max_brightness: Derived from the _BCL package(see below);
type: firmware
Note that ACPI video backlight driver will always use index for
brightness, actual_brightness and max_brightness. So if we have
the following _BCL package:
Method (_BCL, 0, NotSerialized)
{
Return (Package (0x0C)
{
0x64,
0x32,
0x0A,
0x14,
0x1E,
0x28,
0x32,
0x3C,
0x46,
0x50,
0x5A,
0x64
})
}
The first two levels are for when laptop are on AC or on battery and are
not used by Linux currently. The remaining 10 levels are supported levels
that we can choose from. The applicable index values are from 0 (that
corresponds to the 0x0A brightness value) to 9 (that corresponds to the
0x64 brightness value) inclusive. Each of those index values is regarded
as a "brightness level" indicator. Thus from the user space perspective
the range of available brightness levels is from 0 to 9 (max_brightness)
inclusive.
2 Notify user space about hotkey event
There are generally two cases for hotkey event reporting:
i) For some laptops, when user presses the hotkey, a scancode will be
generated and sent to user space through the input device created by
the keyboard driver as a key type input event, with proper remap, the
following key code will appear to user space:
EV_KEY, KEY_BRIGHTNESSUP
EV_KEY, KEY_BRIGHTNESSDOWN
etc.
For this case, ACPI video driver does not need to do anything(actually,
it doesn't even know this happened).
ii) For some laptops, the press of the hotkey will not generate the
scancode, instead, firmware will notify the video device ACPI node
about the event. The event value is defined in the ACPI spec. ACPI
video driver will generate an key type input event according to the
notify value it received and send the event to user space through the
input device it created:
event keycode
0x86 KEY_BRIGHTNESSUP
0x87 KEY_BRIGHTNESSDOWN
etc.
so this would lead to the same effect as case i) now.
Once user space tool receives this event, it can modify the backlight
level through the sysfs interface.
3 Change backlight level in the kernel
This works for machines covered by case ii) in Section 2. Once the driver
received a notification, it will set the backlight level accordingly. This does
not affect the sending of event to user space, they are always sent to user
space regardless of whether or not the video module controls the backlight level
directly. This behaviour can be controlled through the brightness_switch_enabled
module parameter as documented in kernel-parameters.txt. It is recommended to
disable this behaviour once a GUI environment starts up and wants to have full
control of the backlight level.

6
Documentation/cpu-hotplug.txt
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@ -370,8 +370,10 @@ A: There is no clear spec defined way from ACPI that can give us that
CPUs in MADT as hotpluggable CPUS. In the case there are no disabled CPUS
we assume 1/2 the number of CPUs currently present can be hotplugged.
Caveat: Today's ACPI MADT can only provide 256 entries since the apicid field
in MADT is only 8 bits.
Caveat: ACPI MADT can only provide 256 entries in systems with only ACPI 2.0c
or earlier ACPI version supported, because the apicid field in MADT is only
8 bits. From ACPI 3.0, this limitation was removed since the apicid field
was extended to 32 bits with x2APIC introduced.
User Space Notification

9
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
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@ -3229,6 +3229,15 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1]
If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event
generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness
level and then send out the event to user space through
the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver
will only send out the event without touching backlight
brightness level.
default: 1
virtio_mmio.device=
[VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.

37
Documentation/power/video_extension.txt
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@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
ACPI video extensions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This driver implement the ACPI Extensions For Display Adapters for
integrated graphics devices on motherboard, as specified in ACPI 2.0
Specification, Appendix B, allowing to perform some basic control like
defining the video POST device, retrieving EDID information or to
setup a video output, etc. Note that this is an ref. implementation
only. It may or may not work for your integrated video device.
Interfaces exposed to userland through /proc/acpi/video:
VGA/info : display the supported video bus device capability like Video ROM, CRT/LCD/TV.
VGA/ROM : Used to get a copy of the display devices' ROM data (up to 4k).
VGA/POST_info : Used to determine what options are implemented.
VGA/POST : Used to get/set POST device.
VGA/DOS : Used to get/set ownership of output switching:
Please refer ACPI spec B.4.1 _DOS
VGA/CRT : CRT output
VGA/LCD : LCD output
VGA/TVO : TV output
VGA/*/brightness : Used to get/set brightness of output device
Notify event through /proc/acpi/event:
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_SWITCH 0x80
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_PROBE 0x81
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_CYCLE 0x82
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_NEXT_OUTPUT 0x83
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_PREV_OUTPUT 0x84
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_CYCLE_BRIGHTNESS 0x82
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_INC_BRIGHTNESS 0x83
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_DEC_BRIGHTNESS 0x84
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_ZERO_BRIGHTNESS 0x85
#define ACPI_VIDEO_NOTIFY_DISPLAY_OFF 0x86

2
MAINTAINERS
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@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ F: drivers/acpi/
F: drivers/pnp/pnpacpi/
F: include/linux/acpi.h
F: include/acpi/
F: Documentation/acpi
F: Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-acpi
ACPI FAN DRIVER
M: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>