A typical demand page/copy on write pattern is:
- page fault on vaddr
- kvm propagates fault to guest
- guest handles fault, updates pte
- kvm traps write, clears shadow pte, resumes guest
- guest returns to userspace, re-faults on same vaddr
- kvm installs shadow pte, resumes guest
- guest continues
So, three vmexits for a single guest page fault. But if instead of clearing
the page table entry, we update to correspond to the value that the guest
has just written, we eliminate the third vmexit.
This patch does exactly that, reducing kbuild time by about 10%.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
When a guest writes to a page that has an mmu shadow, we have to clear
the shadow pte corresponding to the memory location touched by the guest.
Now, in nonpae mode, a single guest page may have two or four shadow
pages (because a nonpae page maps 4MB or 4GB, whereas the pae shadow maps
2MB or 1GB), so we when we look up the page we find up to three additional
aliases for the page. Since we _clear_ the shadow pte, it doesn't matter
except for a slight performance penalty, but if we want to _update_ the
shadow pte instead of clearing it, it is vital that we don't modify the
aliases.
Fortunately, exactly which page is needed (the "quadrant") is easily
computed, and is accessible in the shadow page header. All we need is
to ignore shadow pages from the wrong quadrants.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Instead of calling two functions and repeating expensive checks, call one
function and provide it with before/after information.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
This allows us to remove write protection earlier than otherwise. Should
some mad OS choose to use byte writes to update pagetables, it will suffer
a performance hit, but still work correctly.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
It might have worked in this case since PT_PRESENT_MASK is 1, but let's
express this correctly.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Make the exit statistics per-vcpu instead of global. This gives a 3.5%
boost when running one virtual machine per core on my two socket dual core
(4 cores total) machine.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Some guests (Solaris) do not set up all four pdptrs, but leave some invalid.
kvm incorrectly treated these as valid page directories, pinning the
wrong pages and causing general confusion.
Fix by checking the valid bit of a pae pdpte. This closes sourceforge bug
1698922.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Mapping a guest page to a host page is a common operation. Currently,
one has first to find the memory slot where the page belongs (gfn_to_memslot),
then locate the page itself (gfn_to_page()).
This is clumsy, and also won't work well with memory aliases. So simplify
gfn_to_page() not to require memory slot translation first, and instead do it
internally.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Functions that play around with the physical memory map
need a way to clear mappings to possibly nonexistent or
invalid memory. Both the mmu cache and the processor tlb
are cleared.
Signed-off-by: Dor Laor <dor.laor@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
The kvm mmu keeps a shadow page for hugepage pdes; if several such pdes map
the same physical address, they share the same shadow page. This is a fairly
common case (kernel mappings on i386 nonpae Linux, for example).
However, if the two pdes map the same memory but with different permissions, kvm
will happily use the cached shadow page. If the access through the more
permissive pde will occur after the access to the strict pde, an endless pagefault
loop will be generated and the guest will make no progress.
Fix by making the access permissions part of the cache lookup key.
The fix allows Xen pae to boot on kvm and run guest domains.
Thanks to Jeremy Fitzhardinge for reporting the bug and testing the fix.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
The initial, noncaching, version of the kvm mmu flushed the all nonglobal
shadow page table translations (much like a native tlb flush). The new
implementation flushes translations only when they change, rendering global
pte tracking superfluous.
This removes the unused tracking mechanism and storage space.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
The current string pio interface communicates using guest virtual addresses,
relying on userspace to translate addresses and to check permissions. This
interface cannot fully support guest smp, as the check needs to take into
account two pages at one in case an unaligned string transfer straddles a
page boundary.
Change the interface not to communicate guest addresses at all; instead use
a buffer page (mmaped by userspace) and do transfers there. The kernel
manages the virtual to physical translation and can perform the checks
atomically by taking the appropriate locks.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
When auditing a 32-bit guest on a 64-bit host, sign extension of the page
table directory pointer table index caused bogus addresses to be shown on
audit errors.
Fix by declaring the index unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Nonpae guest pdes are shadowed by two pae ptes, so we double the offset
twice: once to account for the pte size difference, and once because we
need to shadow pdes for a single guest pde.
But when writing to the upper guest pde we also need to truncate the
lower bits, otherwise the multiply shifts these bits into the pde index
and causes an access to the wrong shadow pde. If we're at the end of the
page (accessing the very last guest pde) we can even overflow into the
next host page and oops.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
PAGE_MASK is an unsigned long, so using it to mask physical addresses on
i386 (which are 64-bit wide) leads to truncation. This can result in
page->private of unrelated memory pages being modified, with disasterous
results.
Fix by not using PAGE_MASK for physical addresses; instead calculate
the correct value directly from PAGE_SIZE. Also fix a similar BUG_ON().
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
KVM shadow page tables are always in pae mode, regardless of the guest
setting. This means that a guest pde (mapping 4MB of memory) is mapped
to two shadow pdes (mapping 2MB each).
When the guest writes to a pte or pde, we intercept the write and emulate it.
We also remove any shadowed mappings corresponding to the write. Since the
mmu did not account for the doubling in the number of pdes, it removed the
wrong entry, resulting in a mismatch between shadow page tables and guest
page tables, followed shortly by guest memory corruption.
This patch fixes the problem by detecting the special case of writing to
a non-pae pde and adjusting the address and number of shadow pdes zapped
accordingly.
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Besides using an established api, this allows using kvm in older kernels.
Signed-off-by: Markus Rechberger <markus.rechberger@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
With the recent guest page fault change, we perform access checks on our
own instead of relying on the cpu. This means we have to perform the nx
checks as well.
Software like the google toolbar on windows appears to rely on this
somehow.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Check pte permission bits in walk_addr(), instead of scattering the checks all
over the code. This has the following benefits:
1. We no longer set the accessed bit for accessed which fail permission checks.
2. Setting the accessed bit is simplified.
3. Under some circumstances, we used to pretend a page fault was fixed when
it would actually fail the access checks. This caused an unnecessary
vmexit.
4. The error code for guest page faults is now correct.
The fix helps netbsd further along booting, and allows kvm to pass the new mmu
testsuite.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If we reduce permissions on a pte, we must flush the cached copy of the pte
from the guest's tlb.
This is implemented at the moment by flushing the entire guest tlb, and can be
improved by flushing just the relevant virtual address, if it is known.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The mmu sometimes needs memory for reverse mapping and parent pte chains.
however, we can't allocate from within the mmu because of the atomic context.
So, move the allocations to a central place that can be executed before the
main mmu machinery, where we can bail out on failure before any damage is
done.
(error handling is deffered for now, but the basic structure is there)
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Because mmu pages have attached rmap and parent pte chain structures, we need
to zap them before freeing so the attached structures are freed.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We always need cr3 to point to something valid, so if we detect that we're
freeing a root page, simply push it back to the top of the active list.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In fork() (or when we protect a page that is no longer a page table), we can
experience floods of writes to a page, which have to be emulated. This is
expensive.
So, if we detect such a flood, zap the page so subsequent writes can proceed
natively.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A misaligned access affects two shadow ptes instead of just one.
Since a misaligned access is unlikely to occur on a real page table, just zap
the page out of existence, avoiding further trouble.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Since we write protect shadowed guest page tables, there is no need to trap
page invalidations (the guest will always change the mapping before issuing
the invlpg instruction).
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When beginning to process a page fault, make sure we have enough shadow pages
available to service the fault. If not, free some pages.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
... and so must not free it unconditionally.
Move the freeing to kvm_mmu_zap_page().
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When removing a page table, we must maintain the parent_pte field all child
shadow page tables.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
A page table may have been recycled into a regular page, and so any
instruction can be executed on it. Unprotect the page and let the cpu do its
thing.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Iterate over all shadow pages which correspond to a the given guest page table
and remove the mappings.
A subsequent page fault will reestablish the new mapping.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As the mmu write protects guest page table, we emulate those writes. Since
they are not mmio, there is no need to go to userspace to perform them.
So, perform the writes in the kernel if possible, and notify the mmu about
them so it can take the approriate action.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This fixes a problem where set_pte_common() looked for shadowed pages based on
the page directory gfn (a huge page) instead of the actual gfn being mapped.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When we cache a guest page table into a shadow page table, we need to prevent
further access to that page by the guest, as that would render the cache
incoherent.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Define a hashtable for caching shadow page tables. Look up the cache on
context switch (cr3 change) or during page faults.
The key to the cache is a combination of
- the guest page table frame number
- the number of paging levels in the guest
* we can cache real mode, 32-bit mode, pae, and long mode page
tables simultaneously. this is useful for smp bootup.
- the guest page table table
* some kernels use a page as both a page table and a page directory. this
allows multiple shadow pages to exist for that page, one per level
- the "quadrant"
* 32-bit mode page tables span 4MB, whereas a shadow page table spans
2MB. similarly, a 32-bit page directory spans 4GB, while a shadow
page directory spans 1GB. the quadrant allows caching up to 4 shadow page
tables for one guest page in one level.
- a "metaphysical" bit
* for real mode, and for pse pages, there is no guest page table, so set
the bit to avoid write protecting the page.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This allows further manipulation on the shadow page table.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Since we're not going to cache the pae-mode shadow root pages, allocate a
single pae shadow that will hold the four lower-level pages, which will act as
roots.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
