If zs_create_pool()->create_handle_cache()->kmem_cache_create() or
pool->name allocation fails, zs_create_pool()->destroy_handle_cache()
will dereference the NULL pool->handle_cachep.
Modify destroy_handle_cache() to avoid this.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On -rt, the VM_BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled()) triggers inside the memcg
swapout path because the spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock) in the
caller doesn't actually disable the hardware interrupts - which is fine,
because on -rt the tophalves run in process context and so we are still
safe from preemption while updating the statistics.
Remove the VM_BUG_ON() but keep the comment of what we rely on.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Fernando Lopez-Lezcano <nando@ccrma.Stanford.EDU>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When trimming memcg consumption excess (see memory.high), we call
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages without checking if we are allowed to sleep
in the current context, which can result in a deadlock. Fix this.
Fixes: 241994ed8649 ("mm: memcontrol: default hierarchy interface for memory")
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Izumi found the following oops when hot re-adding a node:
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffc90008963690
IP: __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
CPU: 68 PID: 1237 Comm: rs:main Q:Reg Not tainted 4.1.0-rc5 #80
Hardware name: FUJITSU PRIMEQUEST2800E/SB, BIOS PRIMEQUEST 2000 Series BIOS Version 1.87 04/28/2015
task: ffff880838df8000 ti: ffff880017b94000 task.ti: ffff880017b94000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810dff80>] [<ffffffff810dff80>] __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
RSP: 0018:ffff880017b97be8 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffffc90008963690 RBX: 00000000003c0000 RCX: 000000000000a4c9
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffea101bffd500 RDI: ffffc90008963648
RBP: ffff880017b97c08 R08: 0000000002000020 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8a0797c73800
R13: ffffea101bffd500 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 00000000003c0000
FS: 00007fcc7ffff700(0000) GS:ffff880874800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffffc90008963690 CR3: 0000000836761000 CR4: 00000000001407e0
Call Trace:
unlock_page+0x6d/0x70
generic_write_end+0x53/0xb0
xfs_vm_write_end+0x29/0x80 [xfs]
generic_perform_write+0x10a/0x1e0
xfs_file_buffered_aio_write+0x14d/0x3e0 [xfs]
xfs_file_write_iter+0x79/0x120 [xfs]
__vfs_write+0xd4/0x110
vfs_write+0xac/0x1c0
SyS_write+0x58/0xd0
system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x76
Code: 5d c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 20 65 48 8b 04 25 28 00 00 00 48 89 45 f8 31 c0 48 8d 47 48 <48> 39 47 48 48 c7 45 e8 00 00 00 00 48 c7 45 f0 00 00 00 00 48
RIP [<ffffffff810dff80>] __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
RSP <ffff880017b97be8>
CR2: ffffc90008963690
Reproduce method (re-add a node)::
Hot-add nodeA --> remove nodeA --> hot-add nodeA (panic)
This seems an use-after-free problem, and the root cause is
zone->wait_table was not set to *NULL* after free it in
try_offline_node.
When hot re-add a node, we will reuse the pgdat of it, so does the zone
struct, and when add pages to the target zone, it will init the zone
first (including the wait_table) if the zone is not initialized. The
judgement of zone initialized is based on zone->wait_table:
static inline bool zone_is_initialized(struct zone *zone)
{
return !!zone->wait_table;
}
so if we do not set the zone->wait_table to *NULL* after free it, the
memory hotplug routine will skip the init of new zone when hot re-add
the node, and the wait_table still points to the freed memory, then we
will access the invalid address when trying to wake up the waiting
people after the i/o operation with the page is done, such as mentioned
above.
Signed-off-by: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On wb_congested_get_create() failure, cgwb_create() forgot to set @ret
to -ENOMEM ending up returning 0. Fix it so that it returns -ENOMEM.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The mechanism for detecting whether an inode should switch its wb
(bdi_writeback) association is now in place. This patch build the
framework for the actual switching.
This patch adds a new inode flag I_WB_SWITCHING, which has two
functions. First, the easy one, it ensures that there's only one
switching in progress for a give inode. Second, it's used as a
mechanism to synchronize wb stat updates.
The two stats, WB_RECLAIMABLE and WB_WRITEBACK, aren't event counters
but track the current number of dirty pages and pages under writeback
respectively. As such, when an inode is moved from one wb to another,
the inode's portion of those stats have to be transferred together;
unfortunately, this is a bit tricky as those stat updates are percpu
operations which are performed without holding any lock in some
places.
This patch solves the problem in a similar way as memcg. Each such
lockless stat updates are wrapped in transaction surrounded by
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin/end(). During normal operation, they map
to rcu_read_lock/unlock(); however, if I_WB_SWITCHING is asserted,
mapping->tree_lock is grabbed across the transaction.
In turn, the switching path sets I_WB_SWITCHING and waits for a RCU
grace period to pass before actually starting to switch, which
guarantees that all stat update paths are synchronizing against
mapping->tree_lock.
This patch still doesn't implement the actual switching.
v3: Updated on top of the recent cancel_dirty_page() updates.
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin() now nests inside
mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat() to match the locking order.
v2: The i_wb access transaction will be used for !stat accesses too.
Function names and comments updated accordingly.
s/inode_wb_stat_unlocked_{begin|end}/unlocked_inode_to_wb_{begin|end}/
s/switch_wb/switch_wbs/
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, for cgroup writeback, the IO submission paths directly
associate the bio's with the blkcg from inode_to_wb_blkcg_css();
however, it'd be necessary to keep more writeback context to implement
foreign inode writeback detection. wbc (writeback_control) is the
natural fit for the extra context - it persists throughout the
writeback of each inode and is passed all the way down to IO
submission paths.
This patch adds wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(), wbc_detach_inode(), and
wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode() which are used to associate wbc with the
inode being written back. IO submission paths now use wbc_init_bio()
instead of directly associating bio's with blkcg themselves. This
leaves inode_to_wb_blkcg_css() w/o any user. The function is removed.
wbc currently only tracks the associated wb (bdi_writeback). Future
patches will add more for foreign inode detection. The association is
established under i_lock which will be depended upon when migrating
foreign inodes to other wb's.
As currently, once established, inode to wb association never changes,
going through wbc when initializing bio's doesn't cause any behavior
changes.
v2: submit_blk_blkcg() now checks whether the wbc is associated with a
wb before dereferencing it. This can happen when pageout() is
writing pages directly without going through the usual writeback
path. As pageout() path is single-threaded, we don't want it to
be blocked behind a slow cgroup and ultimately want it to delegate
actual writing to the usual writeback path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, majority of cgroup writeback support including all the
above functions are implemented in include/linux/backing-dev.h and
mm/backing-dev.c; however, the portion closely related to writeback
logic implemented in include/linux/writeback.h and mm/page-writeback.c
will expand to support foreign writeback detection and correction.
This patch moves wb[_try]_get() and wb_put() to
include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h so that they can be used from
writeback.h and inode_{attach|detach}_wb() to writeback.h and
page-writeback.c.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any functional
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Because writeback wasn't cgroup aware before, the usual dirty
throttling mechanism in balance_dirty_pages() didn't work for
processes under memcg limit. The writeback path didn't know how much
memory is available or how fast the dirty pages are being written out
for a given memcg and balance_dirty_pages() didn't have any measure of
IO back pressure for the memcg.
To work around the issue, memcg implemented an ad-hoc dirty throttling
mechanism in the direct reclaim path by stalling on pages under
writeback which are encountered during direct reclaim scan. This is
rather ugly and crude - none of the configurability, fairness, or
bandwidth-proportional distribution of the normal path.
The previous patches implemented proper memcg aware dirty throttling
when cgroup writeback is in use making the ad-hoc mechanism
unnecessary. This patch disables direct reclaim stalling for such
case.
Note: I disabled the parts which seemed obvious and it behaves fine
while testing but my understanding of this code path is
rudimentary and it's quite possible that I got something wrong.
Please let me know if I got some wrong or more global_reclaim()
sites should be updated.
v2: The original patch removed the direct stalling mechanism which
breaks legacy hierarchies. Conditionalize instead of removing.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
While cgroup writeback support now connects memcg and blkcg so that
writeback IOs are properly attributed and controlled, the IO back
pressure propagation mechanism implemented in balance_dirty_pages()
and its subroutines wasn't aware of cgroup writeback.
Processes belonging to a memcg may have access to only subset of total
memory available in the system and not factoring this into dirty
throttling rendered it completely ineffective for processes under
memcg limits and memcg ended up building a separate ad-hoc degenerate
mechanism directly into vmscan code to limit page dirtying.
The previous patches updated balance_dirty_pages() and its subroutines
so that they can deal with multiple wb_domain's (writeback domains)
and defined per-memcg wb_domain. Processes belonging to a non-root
memcg are bound to two wb_domains, global wb_domain and memcg
wb_domain, and should be throttled according to IO pressures from both
domains. This patch updates dirty throttling code so that it repeats
similar calculations for the two domains - the differences between the
two are few and minor - and applies the lower of the two sets of
resulting constraints.
wb_over_bg_thresh(), which controls when background writeback
terminates, is also updated to consider both global and memcg
wb_domains. It returns true if dirty is over bg_thresh for either
domain.
This makes the dirty throttling mechanism operational for memcg
domains including writeback-bandwidth-proportional dirty page
distribution inside them but the ad-hoc memcg throttling mechanism in
vmscan is still in place. The next patch will rip it out.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The amount of available memory to a memcg wb_domain can change as
memcg configuration changes. A domain's ->dirty_limit exists to
smooth out sudden drops in dirty threshold; however, when a domain's
size actually drops significantly, it hinders the dirty throttling
from adjusting to the new configuration leading to unexpected
behaviors including unnecessary OOM kills.
This patch resolves the issue by adding wb_domain_size_changed() which
resets ->dirty_limit[_tstmp] and making memcg call it on configuration
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirtyable memory is distributed to a wb (bdi_writeback) according to
the relative bandwidth the wb is writing out in the whole system.
This distribution is global - each wb is measured against all other
wb's and gets the proportinately sized portion of the memory in the
whole system.
For cgroup writeback, the amount of dirtyable memory is scoped by
memcg and thus each wb would need to be measured and controlled in its
memcg. IOW, a wb will belong to two writeback domains - the global
and memcg domains.
The previous patches laid the groundwork to support the two wb_domains
and this patch implements memcg wb_domain. memcg->cgwb_domain is
initialized on css online and destroyed on css release,
wb->memcg_completions is added, and __wb_writeout_inc() is updated to
increment completions against both global and memcg wb_domains.
The following patches will update balance_dirty_pages() and its
subroutines to actually consider memcg wb_domain for throttling.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_over_bg_thresh() currently uses global_dirty_limits() and
wb_dirty_limit() both of which are wrappers around operations which
take dirty_throttle_control. For cgroup writeback support, the
function will be updated to also consider memcg wb_domains which
requires the context information carried in dirty_throttle_control.
This patch updates wb_over_bg_thresh() so that it uses the underlying
wb_domain aware operations directly and builds the global
dirty_throttle_control in the process.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
and rename it to wb_over_bg_thresh(). The function is closely tied to
the dirty throttling mechanism implemented in page-writeback.c. This
relocation will allow future updates necessary for cgroup writeback
support.
While at it, add function comment.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
global_dirty_limits() calculates thresh and bg_thresh (confusingly
called *pdirty and *pbackground in the function) assuming
global_wb_domain; however, cgroup writeback support requires
considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch separates out domain_dirty_limits() which takes
dirty_throttle_control out of global_dirty_limits(). As thresh and
bg_thresh calculation needs the amount of dirtyable memory in the
domain, dirty_throttle_control->avail is added. The new function
calculates the two thresholds and store them directly in the
dirty_throttle_control.
Also, as memcg domains can't follow vm_dirty_bytes and
dirty_background_bytes settings directly. If those are set and
domain_dirty_limits() is invoked for a !global domain, the settings
are translated to ratios by scaling them against globally available
memory. dirty_throttle_control->gdtc is added to enable this when
CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK.
global_dirty_limits() is now a thin wrapper around
domain_dirty_limits() and balance_dirty_pages() is updated to use the
new function too.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently __wb_writeout_inc() and hard_dirty_limit() assume
global_wb_domain; however, cgroup writeback support requires
considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch separates out domain-specific part of __wb_writeout_inc()
into wb_domain_writeout_inc() which takes wb_domain as a parameter and
adds the parameter to hard_dirty_limit(). This will allow these two
functions to handle per-memcg wb_domains.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently all dirty throttle operations use global_wb_domain; however,
cgroup writeback support requires considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch adds dirty_throttle_control->dom and updates functions
which are directly using globabl_wb_domain to use it instead.
As this makes global_update_bandwidth() a misnomer, the function is
renamed to domain_update_bandwidth().
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb->completions measures the wb's proportional write bandwidth in
global_wb_domain and thus naturally tied to the wb_domain. This patch
adds dirty_throttle_control->wb_completions which is initialized to
wb->completions by GDTC_INIT() and updates __wb_dirty_limits() to use
it instead of dereferencing wb->completions directly.
This will allow dirty_throttle_control to represent different
wb_domains and the matching wb completions.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_position_ratio() is used to calculate pos_ratio, which is used for
two purposes. wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses it to adjust
wb->[balanced_]dirty_ratelimit gradually and balance_dirty_pages() to
immediately adjust dirty_ratelimit right before applying it to
determine pause duration.
While wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() is separately rate limited from
balance_dirty_pages(), on the run where the ratelimit is updated, we
end up calculating pos_ratio twice with the same parameters.
This patch adds dirty_throttle_control->pos_ratio.
balance_dirty_pages() calculates it once per run and
wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses the value stored in
dirty_throttle_control.
This removes the duplicate calculation and also will help implementing
memcg wb_domain.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_calc_thresh() calculates wb_thresh by scaling thresh according to
the wb's portion in the system-wide write bandwidth. cgroup writeback
support would need to calculate wb_thresh against memcg domain too.
This patch renames wb_calc_thresh() to __wb_calc_thresh() and makes it
take dirty_throttle_control so that the function can later be updated
to calculate against different domains according to
dirty_throttle_control.
wb_calc_thresh() is now a thin wrapper around __wb_calc_thresh().
v2: The original version was incorrectly scaling dtc->dirty instead of
dtc->thresh. This was due to the extremely confusing function and
variable names. Added a rename patch and fixed this one.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_bg_thresh is currently treated as a second-class citizen. It's
only used when BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT is set and balance_dirty_pages()
doesn't calculate it unless the cap is set. When the cap is set, the
calculated value is not passed around but instead recalculated
whenever it's used.
wb_position_ratio() calculates it by scaling wb_thresh proportional to
bg_thresh / thresh. wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses wb_dirty_limit()
on bg_thresh, which should generally lead to a similar result as the
proportional scaling but can also be way off in the presence of
max/min_ratio settings.
Avoiding wb_bg_thresh calculation saves us one u64 multiplication and
divsion when BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT is not set. Given that
balance_dirty_pages() is already ratelimited, this doesn't justify the
incurred extra complexity.
This patch adds wb_bg_thresh to dirty_throttle_control and makes
wb_dirty_limits() always calculate it and updates the users to use the
pre-calculated value.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirty throttling implemented in balance_dirty_pages() and its
subroutines makes use of a number of parameters which are passed
around individually. This renders these functions somewhat unwieldy
and makes it difficult to add or change the involved parameters. Also
some functions use different or conflicting naming schemes for the
same parameters making the code confusing to follow.
This patch consolidates the main parameters into struct
dirty_throttle_control so that they can be passed around easily and
adding new paramters isn't painful. This also unifies how a given
parameter is named and accessed. The drawback of using this type of
control structure rather than explicit paramters is that it isn't
immediately obvious which function accesses and modifies what;
however, it's fairly clear that the benefits outweigh in this case.
GDTC_INIT() macro is provided to ease initializing
dirty_throttle_control for the global_wb_domain and
balance_dirty_pages() uses a separate pointer to point to its global
dirty_throttle_control. This is to make it uniform with memcg domain
handling which will be added later.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
This patch is a part of the series to define wb_domain which
represents a domain that wb's (bdi_writeback's) belong to and are
measured against each other in. This will enable IO backpressure
propagation for cgroup writeback.
global_dirty_limit exists to regulate the global dirty threshold which
is a property of the wb_domain. This patch moves hard_dirty_limit,
dirty_lock, and update_time into wb_domain.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirtyable memory is distributed to a wb (bdi_writeback) according to
the relative bandwidth the wb is writing out in the whole system.
This distribution is global - each wb is measured against all other
wb's and gets the proportinately sized portion of the memory in the
whole system.
For cgroup writeback, the amount of dirtyable memory is scoped by
memcg and thus each wb would need to be measured and controlled in its
memcg. IOW, a wb will belong to two writeback domains - the global
and memcg domains.
Currently, what constitutes the global writeback domain are scattered
across a number of global states. This patch starts collecting them
into struct wb_domain.
* fprop_global which serves as the basis for proportional bandwidth
measurement and its period timer are moved into struct wb_domain.
* global_wb_domain hosts the states for the global domain.
* While at it, flatten wb_writeout_fraction() into its callers. This
thin wrapper doesn't provide any actual benefits while getting in
the way.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
__wb_update_bandwidth() is called from two places -
fs/fs-writeback.c::balance_dirty_pages() and
mm/page-writeback.c::wb_writeback(). The latter updates only the
write bandwidth while the former also deals with the dirty ratelimit.
The two callsites are distinguished by whether @thresh parameter is
zero or not, which is cryptic. In addition, the two files define
their own different versions of wb_update_bandwidth() on top of
__wb_update_bandwidth(), which is confusing to say the least. This
patch cleans up [__]wb_update_bandwidth() in the following ways.
* __wb_update_bandwidth() now takes explicit @update_ratelimit
parameter to gate dirty ratelimit handling.
* mm/page-writeback.c::wb_update_bandwidth() is flattened into its
caller - balance_dirty_pages().
* fs/fs-writeback.c::wb_update_bandwidth() is moved to
mm/page-writeback.c and __wb_update_bandwidth() is made static.
* While at it, add a lockdep assertion to __wb_update_bandwidth().
Except for the lockdep addition, this is pure reorganization and
doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The function name wb_dirty_limit(), its argument @dirty and the local
variable @wb_dirty are mortally confusing given that the function
calculates per-wb threshold value not dirty pages, especially given
that @dirty and @wb_dirty are used elsewhere for dirty pages.
Let's rename the function to wb_calc_thresh() and wb_dirty to
wb_thresh.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
cpu_possible_mask represents the CPUs which are actually possible
during that boot instance. For systems which don't support CPU
hotplug, this will match cpu_online_mask exactly in most cases. Even
for systems which support CPU hotplug, the number of possible CPU
slots is highly unlikely to diverge greatly from the number of online
CPUs. The only cases where the difference between possible and online
caused problems were when the boot code failed to initialize the
possible mask and left it fully set at NR_CPUS - 1.
As such, most per-cpu constructs allocate for all possible CPUs and
often iterate over the possibles, which also has the benefit of
avoiding the blocking CPU hotplug synchronization.
memcg open codes per-cpu stat counting for mem_cgroup_read_stat() and
mem_cgroup_read_events(), which iterates over online CPUs and handles
CPU hotplug operations explicitly. This complexity doesn't actually
buy anything. Switch to iterating over the possibles and drop the
explicit CPU hotplug handling.
Eventually, we want to convert memcg to use percpu_counter instead of
its own custom implementation which also benefits from quick access
w/o summing for cases where larger error margin is acceptable.
This will allow mem_cgroup_read_stat() to be called from non-sleepable
contexts which will be used by cgroup writeback.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
If the completion of a wb_writeback_work can be waited upon by setting
its ->done to a struct completion and waiting on it; however, for
cgroup writeback support, it's necessary to issue multiple work items
to multiple bdi_writebacks and wait for the completion of all.
This patch implements wb_completion which can wait for multiple work
items and replaces the struct completion with it. It can be defined
using DEFINE_WB_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(), used for multiple work items and
waited for by wb_wait_for_completion().
Nobody currently issues multiple work items and this patch doesn't
introduce any behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
bdi_start_background_writeback() currently takes @bdi and kicks the
root wb (bdi_writeback). In preparation for cgroup writeback support,
make it take wb instead.
This patch doesn't make any functional difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
writeback_in_progress() currently takes @bdi and returns whether
writeback is in progress on its root wb (bdi_writeback). In
preparation for cgroup writeback support, make it take wb instead.
While at it, make it an inline function.
This patch doesn't make any functional difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
For cgroup writeback support, all bdi-wide operations should be
distributed to all its wb's (bdi_writeback's).
This patch updates laptop_mode_timer_fn() so that it invokes
wb_start_writeback() on all wb's rather than just the root one. As
the intent is writing out all dirty data, there's no reason to split
the number of pages to write.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
bdi_start_writeback() is a thin wrapper on top of
__wb_start_writeback() which is used only by laptop_mode_timer_fn().
This patches removes bdi_start_writeback(), renames
__wb_start_writeback() to wb_start_writeback() and makes
laptop_mode_timer_fn() use it instead.
This doesn't cause any functional difference and will ease making
laptop_mode_timer_fn() cgroup writeback aware.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
bdi->min/max_ratio are user-configurable per-bdi knobs which regulate
dirty limit of each bdi. For cgroup writeback, they need to be
further distributed across wb's (bdi_writeback's) belonging to the
configured bdi.
This patch introduces wb_min_max_ratio() which distributes
bdi->min/max_ratio according to a wb's proportion in the total active
bandwidth of its bdi.
v2: Update wb_min_max_ratio() to fix a bug where both min and max were
assigned the min value and avoid calculations when possible.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
bdi_has_dirty_io() used to only reflect whether the root wb
(bdi_writeback) has dirty inodes. For cgroup writeback support, it
needs to take all active wb's into account. If any wb on the bdi has
dirty inodes, bdi_has_dirty_io() should return true.
To achieve that, as inode_wb_list_{move|del}_locked() now keep track
of the dirty state transition of each wb, the number of dirty wbs can
be counted in the bdi; however, bdi is already aggregating
wb->avg_write_bandwidth which can easily be guaranteed to be > 0 when
there are any dirty inodes by ensuring wb->avg_write_bandwidth can't
dip below 1. bdi_has_dirty_io() can simply test whether
bdi->tot_write_bandwidth is zero or not.
While this bumps the value of wb->avg_write_bandwidth to one when it
used to be zero, this shouldn't cause any meaningful behavior
difference.
bdi_has_dirty_io() is made an inline function which tests whether
->tot_write_bandwidth is non-zero. Also, WARN_ON_ONCE()'s on its
value are added to inode_wb_list_{move|del}_locked().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
cgroup writeback support needs to keep track of the sum of
avg_write_bandwidth of all wb's (bdi_writeback's) with dirty inodes to
distribute write workload. This patch adds bdi->tot_write_bandwidth
and updates inode_wb_list_move_locked(), inode_wb_list_del_locked()
and wb_update_write_bandwidth() to adjust it as wb's gain and lose
dirty inodes and its avg_write_bandwidth gets updated.
As the update events are not synchronized with each other,
bdi->tot_write_bandwidth is an atomic_long_t.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, wb_has_dirty_io() determines whether a wb (bdi_writeback)
has any dirty inode by testing all three IO lists on each invocation
without actively keeping track. For cgroup writeback support, a
single bdi will host multiple wb's each of which will host dirty
inodes separately and we'll need to make bdi_has_dirty_io(), which
currently only represents the root wb, aggregate has_dirty_io from all
member wb's, which requires tracking transitions in has_dirty_io state
on each wb.
This patch introduces inode_wb_list_{move|del}_locked() to consolidate
IO list operations leaving queue_io() the only other function which
directly manipulates IO lists (via move_expired_inodes()). All three
functions are updated to call wb_io_lists_[de]populated() which keep
track of whether the wb has dirty inodes or not and record it using
the new WB_has_dirty_io flag. inode_wb_list_moved_locked()'s return
value indicates whether the wb had no dirty inodes before.
mark_inode_dirty() is restructured so that the return value of
inode_wb_list_move_locked() can be used for deciding whether to wake
up the wb.
While at it, change {bdi|wb}_has_dirty_io()'s return values to bool.
These functions were returning 0 and 1 before. Also, add a comment
explaining the synchronization of wb_state flags.
v2: Updated to accommodate b_dirty_time.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
In several places, bdi_congested() and its wrappers are used to
determine whether more IOs should be issued. With cgroup writeback
support, this question can't be answered solely based on the bdi
(backing_dev_info). It's dependent on whether the filesystem and bdi
support cgroup writeback and the blkcg the inode is associated with.
This patch implements inode_congested() and its wrappers which take
@inode and determines the congestion state considering cgroup
writeback. The new functions replace bdi_*congested() calls in places
where the query is about specific inode and task.
There are several filesystem users which also fit this criteria but
they should be updated when each filesystem implements cgroup
writeback support.
v2: Now that a given inode is associated with only one wb, congestion
state can be determined independent from the asking task. Drop
@task. Spotted by Vivek. Also, converted to take @inode instead
of @mapping and renamed to inode_congested().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, all congestion functions take bdi (backing_dev_info) and
always operate on the root wb (bdi->wb) and the congestion state from
the block layer is propagated only for the root blkcg. This patch
introduces {set|clear}_wb_congested() and wb_congested() which take a
bdi_writeback_congested and bdi_writeback respectively. The bdi
counteparts are now wrappers invoking the wb based functions on
@bdi->wb.
While converting clear_bdi_congested() to clear_wb_congested(), the
local variable declaration order between @wqh and @bit is swapped for
cosmetic reason.
This patch just adds the new wb based functions. The following
patches will apply them.
v2: Updated for bdi_writeback_congested.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, balance_dirty_pages() always work on bdi->wb. This patch
updates it to work on the wb (bdi_writeback) matching memcg and blkcg
of the current task as that's what the inode is being dirtied against.
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited() now pins the current wb and passes
it to balance_dirty_pages().
As no filesystem has FS_CGROUP_WRITEBACK yet, this doesn't lead to
visible behavior differences.
v2: Updated for per-inode wb association.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Until now, all WB_* stats were accounted against the root wb
(bdi_writeback), now that multiple wb (bdi_writeback) support is in
place, let's attributes the stats to the respective per-cgroup wb's.
As no filesystem has FS_CGROUP_WRITEBACK yet, this doesn't lead to
visible behavior differences.
v2: Updated for per-inode wb association.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
For the planned cgroup writeback support, on each bdi
(backing_dev_info), each memcg will be served by a separate wb
(bdi_writeback). This patch updates bdi so that a bdi can host
multiple wbs (bdi_writebacks).
On the default hierarchy, blkcg implicitly enables memcg. This allows
using memcg's page ownership for attributing writeback IOs, and every
memcg - blkcg combination can be served by its own wb by assigning a
dedicated wb to each memcg. This means that there may be multiple
wb's of a bdi mapped to the same blkcg. As congested state is per
blkcg - bdi combination, those wb's should share the same congested
state. This is achieved by tracking congested state via
bdi_writeback_congested structs which are keyed by blkcg.
bdi->wb remains unchanged and will keep serving the root cgroup.
cgwb's (cgroup wb's) for non-root cgroups are created on-demand or
looked up while dirtying an inode according to the memcg of the page
being dirtied or current task. Each cgwb is indexed on bdi->cgwb_tree
by its memcg id. Once an inode is associated with its wb, it can be
retrieved using inode_to_wb().
Currently, none of the filesystems has FS_CGROUP_WRITEBACK and all
pages will keep being associated with bdi->wb.
v3: inode_attach_wb() in account_page_dirtied() moved inside
mapping_cap_account_dirty() block where it's known to be !NULL.
Also, an unnecessary NULL check before kfree() removed. Both
detected by the kbuild bot.
v2: Updated so that wb association is per inode and wb is per memcg
rather than blkcg.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, a wb's (bdi_writeback) congestion state is carried in its
->state field; however, cgroup writeback support will require multiple
wb's sharing the same congestion state. This patch separates out
congestion state into its own struct - struct bdi_writeback_congested.
A new field wb field, wb_congested, points to its associated congested
struct. The default wb, bdi->wb, always points to bdi->wb_congested.
While this patch adds a layer of indirection, it doesn't introduce any
behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_init() currently always uses GFP_KERNEL but the planned cgroup
writeback support needs using other allocation masks. Add @gfp to
wb_init().
This patch doesn't introduce any behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Now that bdi definitions are moved to backing-dev-defs.h,
backing-dev.h can include blkdev.h and inline inode_to_bdi() without
worrying about introducing circular include dependency. The function
gets called from hot paths and fairly trivial.
This patch makes inode_to_bdi() and sb_is_blkdev_sb() that the
function calls inline. blockdev_superblock and noop_backing_dev_info
are EXPORT_GPL'd to allow the inline functions to be used from
modules.
While at it, make sb_is_blkdev_sb() return bool instead of int.
v2: Fixed typo in description as suggested by Jan.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
With the planned cgroup writeback support, backing-dev related
declarations will be more widely used across block and cgroup;
unfortunately, including backing-dev.h from include/linux/blkdev.h
makes cyclic include dependency quite likely.
This patch separates out backing-dev-defs.h which only has the
essential definitions and updates blkdev.h to include it. c files
which need access to more backing-dev details now include
backing-dev.h directly. This takes backing-dev.h off the common
include dependency chain making it a lot easier to use it across block
and cgroup.
v2: fs/fat build failure fixed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Move wb_shutdown(), bdi_register(), bdi_register_dev(),
bdi_prune_sb(), bdi_remove_from_list() and bdi_unregister() so that
init / exit functions are grouped together. This will make updating
init / exit paths for cgroup writeback support easier.
This is pure source file reorganization.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, a bdi (backing_dev_info) embeds single wb (bdi_writeback)
and the role of the separation is unclear. For cgroup support for
writeback IOs, a bdi will be updated to host multiple wb's where each
wb serves writeback IOs of a different cgroup on the bdi. To achieve
that, a wb should carry all states necessary for servicing writeback
IOs for a cgroup independently.
This patch moves bdi->wb_lock and ->worklist into wb.
* The lock protects bdi->worklist and bdi->wb.dwork scheduling. While
moving, rename it to wb->work_lock as wb->wb_lock is confusing.
Also, move wb->dwork downwards so that it's colocated with the new
->work_lock and ->work_list fields.
* bdi_writeback_workfn() -> wb_workfn()
bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed(bdi) -> wb_wakeup_delayed(wb)
bdi_wakeup_thread(bdi) -> wb_wakeup(wb)
bdi_queue_work(bdi, ...) -> wb_queue_work(wb, ...)
__bdi_start_writeback(bdi, ...) -> __wb_start_writeback(wb, ...)
get_next_work_item(bdi) -> get_next_work_item(wb)
* bdi_wb_shutdown() is renamed to wb_shutdown() and now takes @wb.
The function contained parts which belong to the containing bdi
rather than the wb itself - testing cap_writeback_dirty and
bdi_remove_from_list() invocation. Those are moved to
bdi_unregister().
* bdi_wb_{init|exit}() are renamed to wb_{init|exit}().
Initializations of the moved bdi->wb_lock and ->work_list are
relocated from bdi_init() to wb_init().
* As there's still only one bdi_writeback per backing_dev_info, all
uses of bdi->state are mechanically replaced with bdi->wb.state
introducing no behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Writeback operations will now be per wb (bdi_writeback) instead of
bdi. Replace the relevant bdi references in symbol names and comments
with wb. This patch is purely cosmetic and doesn't make any
functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
