linux/tools/perf/builtin-record.c

/*
 * builtin-record.c
 *
 * Builtin record command: Record the profile of a workload
 * (or a CPU, or a PID) into the perf.data output file - for
 * later analysis via perf report.
 */
#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64

#include "builtin.h"

#include "perf.h"

#include "util/build-id.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "util/parse-options.h"
#include "util/parse-events.h"

#include "util/header.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/symbol.h"
#include "util/cpumap.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

enum write_mode_t {
	WRITE_FORCE,
	WRITE_APPEND
};

static struct perf_record_opts record_opts = {
	.target_pid	     = -1,
	.target_tid	     = -1,
	.user_freq	     = UINT_MAX,
	.user_interval	     = ULLONG_MAX,
	.freq		     = 1000,
	.sample_id_all_avail = true,
};

static unsigned int		page_size;
static unsigned int		mmap_pages			= UINT_MAX;
static int			output;
static const char		*output_name			= NULL;
static bool			group				=  false;
static int			realtime_prio			=      0;
static enum write_mode_t	write_mode			= WRITE_FORCE;
static bool			no_buildid			=  false;
static bool			no_buildid_cache		=  false;
static struct perf_evlist	*evsel_list;

static long			samples				=      0;
static u64			bytes_written			=      0;

static int			file_new			=      1;
static off_t			post_processing_offset;

static struct perf_session	*session;
static const char               *progname;

static void advance_output(size_t size)
{
	bytes_written += size;
}

static void write_output(void *buf, size_t size)
{
	while (size) {
		int ret = write(output, buf, size);

		if (ret < 0)
			die("failed to write");

		size -= ret;
		buf += ret;

		bytes_written += ret;
	}
}

static int process_synthesized_event(union perf_event *event,
				     struct perf_sample *sample __used,
				     struct perf_session *self __used)
{
	write_output(event, event->header.size);
	return 0;
}

static void mmap_read(struct perf_mmap *md)
{
	unsigned int head = perf_mmap__read_head(md);
	unsigned int old = md->prev;
	unsigned char *data = md->base + page_size;
	unsigned long size;
	void *buf;

	if (old == head)
		return;

	samples++;

	size = head - old;

	if ((old & md->mask) + size != (head & md->mask)) {
		buf = &data[old & md->mask];
		size = md->mask + 1 - (old & md->mask);
		old += size;

		write_output(buf, size);
	}

	buf = &data[old & md->mask];
	size = head - old;
	old += size;

	write_output(buf, size);

	md->prev = old;
	perf_mmap__write_tail(md, old);
}

static volatile int done = 0;
static volatile int signr = -1;
static volatile int child_finished = 0;

static void sig_handler(int sig)
{
	if (sig == SIGCHLD)
		child_finished = 1;

	done = 1;
	signr = sig;
}

static void sig_atexit(void)
{
	int status;

	if (evsel_list->workload.pid > 0) {
		if (!child_finished)
			kill(evsel_list->workload.pid, SIGTERM);

		wait(&status);
		if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
			psignal(WTERMSIG(status), progname);
	}

	if (signr == -1 || signr == SIGUSR1)
		return;

	signal(signr, SIG_DFL);
	kill(getpid(), signr);
}

static bool perf_evlist__equal(struct perf_evlist *evlist,
			       struct perf_evlist *other)
{
	struct perf_evsel *pos, *pair;

	if (evlist->nr_entries != other->nr_entries)
		return false;

	pair = list_entry(other->entries.next, struct perf_evsel, node);

	list_for_each_entry(pos, &evlist->entries, node) {
		if (memcmp(&pos->attr, &pair->attr, sizeof(pos->attr) != 0))
			return false;
		pair = list_entry(pair->node.next, struct perf_evsel, node);
	}

	return true;
}

static void open_counters(struct perf_evlist *evlist)
{
	struct perf_evsel *pos, *first;

	first = list_entry(evlist->entries.next, struct perf_evsel, node);

	perf_evlist__config_attrs(evlist, &record_opts);

	list_for_each_entry(pos, &evlist->entries, node) {
		struct perf_event_attr *attr = &pos->attr;
		struct xyarray *group_fd = NULL;
		/*
		 * Check if parse_single_tracepoint_event has already asked for
		 * PERF_SAMPLE_TIME.
		 *
		 * XXX this is kludgy but short term fix for problems introduced by
		 * eac23d1c that broke 'perf script' by having different sample_types
		 * when using multiple tracepoint events when we use a perf binary
		 * that tries to use sample_id_all on an older kernel.
		 *
		 * We need to move counter creation to perf_session, support
		 * different sample_types, etc.
		 */
		bool time_needed = attr->sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME;

		if (group && pos != first)
			group_fd = first->fd;
retry_sample_id:
		attr->sample_id_all = record_opts.sample_id_all_avail ? 1 : 0;
try_again:
		if (perf_evsel__open(pos, evlist->cpus, evlist->threads, group,
				     group_fd) < 0) {
			int err = errno;

			if (err == EPERM || err == EACCES) {
				ui__error_paranoid();
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			} else if (err ==  ENODEV && record_opts.cpu_list) {
				die("No such device - did you specify"
					" an out-of-range profile CPU?\n");
			} else if (err == EINVAL && record_opts.sample_id_all_avail) {
				/*
				 * Old kernel, no attr->sample_id_type_all field
				 */
				record_opts.sample_id_all_avail = false;
				if (!record_opts.sample_time && !record_opts.raw_samples && !time_needed)
					attr->sample_type &= ~PERF_SAMPLE_TIME;

				goto retry_sample_id;
			}

			/*
			 * If it's cycles then fall back to hrtimer
			 * based cpu-clock-tick sw counter, which
			 * is always available even if no PMU support:
			 */
			if (attr->type == PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE
					&& attr->config == PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES) {

				if (verbose)
					ui__warning("The cycles event is not supported, "
						    "trying to fall back to cpu-clock-ticks\n");
				attr->type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE;
				attr->config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK;
				goto try_again;
			}

			if (err == ENOENT) {
				ui__warning("The %s event is not supported.\n",
					    event_name(pos));
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}

			printf("\n");
			error("sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with %d (%s).  /bin/dmesg may provide additional information.\n",
			      err, strerror(err));

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
			if (attr->type == PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE && err == EOPNOTSUPP)
				die("No hardware sampling interrupt available."
				    " No APIC? If so then you can boot the kernel"
				    " with the \"lapic\" boot parameter to"
				    " force-enable it.\n");
#endif

			die("No CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS=y kernel support configured?\n");
		}
	}

	if (perf_evlist__set_filters(evlist)) {
		error("failed to set filter with %d (%s)\n", errno,
			strerror(errno));
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (perf_evlist__mmap(evlist, mmap_pages, false) < 0)
		die("failed to mmap with %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));

	if (file_new)
		session->evlist = evlist;
	else {
		if (!perf_evlist__equal(session->evlist, evlist)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "incompatible append\n");
			exit(-1);
		}
 	}

	perf_session__update_sample_type(session);
}

static int process_buildids(void)
{
	u64 size = lseek(output, 0, SEEK_CUR);

	if (size == 0)
		return 0;

	session->fd = output;
	return __perf_session__process_events(session, post_processing_offset,
					      size - post_processing_offset,
					      size, &build_id__mark_dso_hit_ops);
}

static void atexit_header(void)
{
	if (!record_opts.pipe_output) {
		session->header.data_size += bytes_written;

		if (!no_buildid)
			process_buildids();
		perf_session__write_header(session, evsel_list, output, true);
		perf_session__delete(session);
		perf_evlist__delete(evsel_list);
		symbol__exit();
	}
}

static void perf_event__synthesize_guest_os(struct machine *machine, void *data)
{
	int err;
	struct perf_session *psession = data;

	if (machine__is_host(machine))
		return;

	/*
	 *As for guest kernel when processing subcommand record&report,
	 *we arrange module mmap prior to guest kernel mmap and trigger
	 *a preload dso because default guest module symbols are loaded
	 *from guest kallsyms instead of /lib/modules/XXX/XXX. This
	 *method is used to avoid symbol missing when the first addr is
	 *in module instead of in guest kernel.
	 */
	err = perf_event__synthesize_modules(process_synthesized_event,
					     psession, machine);
	if (err < 0)
		pr_err("Couldn't record guest kernel [%d]'s reference"
		       " relocation symbol.\n", machine->pid);

	/*
	 * We use _stext for guest kernel because guest kernel's /proc/kallsyms
	 * have no _text sometimes.
	 */
	err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap(process_synthesized_event,
						 psession, machine, "_text");
	if (err < 0)
		err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap(process_synthesized_event,
							 psession, machine,
							 "_stext");
	if (err < 0)
		pr_err("Couldn't record guest kernel [%d]'s reference"
		       " relocation symbol.\n", machine->pid);
}

static struct perf_event_header finished_round_event = {
	.size = sizeof(struct perf_event_header),
	.type = PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND,
};

static void mmap_read_all(void)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < evsel_list->nr_mmaps; i++) {
		if (evsel_list->mmap[i].base)
			mmap_read(&evsel_list->mmap[i]);
	}

	if (perf_header__has_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TRACE_INFO))
		write_output(&finished_round_event, sizeof(finished_round_event));
}

static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct stat st;
	int flags;
	int err;
	unsigned long waking = 0;
	const bool forks = argc > 0;
	struct machine *machine;

	progname = argv[0];

	page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);

	atexit(sig_atexit);
	signal(SIGCHLD, sig_handler);
	signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
	signal(SIGUSR1, sig_handler);

	if (!output_name) {
		if (!fstat(STDOUT_FILENO, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode))
			record_opts.pipe_output = true;
		else
			output_name = "perf.data";
	}
	if (output_name) {
		if (!strcmp(output_name, "-"))
			record_opts.pipe_output = true;
		else if (!stat(output_name, &st) && st.st_size) {
			if (write_mode == WRITE_FORCE) {
				char oldname[PATH_MAX];
				snprintf(oldname, sizeof(oldname), "%s.old",
					 output_name);
				unlink(oldname);
				rename(output_name, oldname);
			}
		} else if (write_mode == WRITE_APPEND) {
			write_mode = WRITE_FORCE;
		}
	}

	flags = O_CREAT|O_RDWR;
	if (write_mode == WRITE_APPEND)
		file_new = 0;
	else
		flags |= O_TRUNC;

	if (record_opts.pipe_output)
		output = STDOUT_FILENO;
	else
		output = open(output_name, flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
	if (output < 0) {
		perror("failed to create output file");
		exit(-1);
	}

	session = perf_session__new(output_name, O_WRONLY,
				    write_mode == WRITE_FORCE, false, NULL);
	if (session == NULL) {
		pr_err("Not enough memory for reading perf file header\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (!no_buildid)
		perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_BUILD_ID);

	if (!file_new) {
		err = perf_session__read_header(session, output);
		if (err < 0)
			goto out_delete_session;
	}

	if (have_tracepoints(&evsel_list->entries))
		perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TRACE_INFO);

	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_HOSTNAME);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_OSRELEASE);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_ARCH);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPUDESC);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_NRCPUS);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_EVENT_DESC);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CMDLINE);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_VERSION);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPU_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TOTAL_MEM);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_NUMA_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPUID);

	/* 512 kiB: default amount of unprivileged mlocked memory */
	if (mmap_pages == UINT_MAX)
		mmap_pages = (512 * 1024) / page_size;

	if (forks) {
		err = perf_evlist__prepare_workload(evsel_list, &record_opts, argv);
		if (err < 0) {
			pr_err("Couldn't run the workload!\n");
			goto out_delete_session;
		}
	}

	open_counters(evsel_list);

	/*
	 * perf_session__delete(session) will be called at atexit_header()
	 */
	atexit(atexit_header);

	if (record_opts.pipe_output) {
		err = perf_header__write_pipe(output);
		if (err < 0)
			return err;
	} else if (file_new) {
		err = perf_session__write_header(session, evsel_list,
						 output, false);
		if (err < 0)
			return err;
	}

	post_processing_offset = lseek(output, 0, SEEK_CUR);

	if (record_opts.pipe_output) {
		err = perf_session__synthesize_attrs(session,
						     process_synthesized_event);
		if (err < 0) {
			pr_err("Couldn't synthesize attrs.\n");
			return err;
		}

		err = perf_event__synthesize_event_types(process_synthesized_event,
							 session);
		if (err < 0) {
			pr_err("Couldn't synthesize event_types.\n");
			return err;
		}

		if (have_tracepoints(&evsel_list->entries)) {
			/*
			 * FIXME err <= 0 here actually means that
			 * there were no tracepoints so its not really
			 * an error, just that we don't need to
			 * synthesize anything.  We really have to
			 * return this more properly and also
			 * propagate errors that now are calling die()
			 */
			err = perf_event__synthesize_tracing_data(output, evsel_list,
								  process_synthesized_event,
								  session);
			if (err <= 0) {
				pr_err("Couldn't record tracing data.\n");
				return err;
			}
			advance_output(err);
		}
	}

	machine = perf_session__find_host_machine(session);
	if (!machine) {
		pr_err("Couldn't find native kernel information.\n");
		return -1;
	}

	err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap(process_synthesized_event,
						 session, machine, "_text");
	if (err < 0)
		err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap(process_synthesized_event,
							 session, machine, "_stext");
	if (err < 0)
		pr_err("Couldn't record kernel reference relocation symbol\n"
		       "Symbol resolution may be skewed if relocation was used (e.g. kexec).\n"
		       "Check /proc/kallsyms permission or run as root.\n");

	err = perf_event__synthesize_modules(process_synthesized_event,
					     session, machine);
	if (err < 0)
		pr_err("Couldn't record kernel module information.\n"
		       "Symbol resolution may be skewed if relocation was used (e.g. kexec).\n"
		       "Check /proc/modules permission or run as root.\n");

	if (perf_guest)
		perf_session__process_machines(session,
					       perf_event__synthesize_guest_os);

	if (!record_opts.system_wide)
		perf_event__synthesize_thread_map(evsel_list->threads,
						  process_synthesized_event,
						  session);
	else
		perf_event__synthesize_threads(process_synthesized_event,
					       session);

	if (realtime_prio) {
		struct sched_param param;

		param.sched_priority = realtime_prio;
		if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_FIFO, &param)) {
			pr_err("Could not set realtime priority.\n");
			exit(-1);
		}
	}

	perf_evlist__enable(evsel_list);

	/*
	 * Let the child rip
	 */
	if (forks)
		perf_evlist__start_workload(evsel_list);

	for (;;) {
		int hits = samples;

		mmap_read_all();

		if (hits == samples) {
			if (done)
				break;
			err = poll(evsel_list->pollfd, evsel_list->nr_fds, -1);
			waking++;
		}

		if (done)
			perf_evlist__disable(evsel_list);
	}

	if (quiet || signr == SIGUSR1)
		return 0;

	fprintf(stderr, "[ perf record: Woken up %ld times to write data ]\n", waking);

	/*
	 * Approximate RIP event size: 24 bytes.
	 */
	fprintf(stderr,
		"[ perf record: Captured and wrote %.3f MB %s (~%" PRIu64 " samples) ]\n",
		(double)bytes_written / 1024.0 / 1024.0,
		output_name,
		bytes_written / 24);

	return 0;

out_delete_session:
	perf_session__delete(session);
	return err;
}

static const char * const record_usage[] = {
	"perf record [<options>] [<command>]",
	"perf record [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]",
	NULL
};

static bool force, append_file;

const struct option record_options[] = {
	OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &evsel_list, "event",
		     "event selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
		     parse_events_option),
	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &evsel_list, "filter",
		     "event filter", parse_filter),
	OPT_INTEGER('p', "pid", &record_opts.target_pid,
		    "record events on existing process id"),
	OPT_INTEGER('t', "tid", &record_opts.target_tid,
		    "record events on existing thread id"),
	OPT_INTEGER('r', "realtime", &realtime_prio,
		    "collect data with this RT SCHED_FIFO priority"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('D', "no-delay", &record_opts.no_delay,
		    "collect data without buffering"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "raw-samples", &record_opts.raw_samples,
		    "collect raw sample records from all opened counters"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &record_opts.system_wide,
			    "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "append", &append_file,
			    "append to the output file to do incremental profiling"),
	OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &record_opts.cpu_list, "cpu",
		    "list of cpus to monitor"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force,
			"overwrite existing data file (deprecated)"),
	OPT_U64('c', "count", &record_opts.user_interval, "event period to sample"),
	OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file",
		    "output file name"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "no-inherit", &record_opts.no_inherit,
		    "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
	OPT_UINTEGER('F', "freq", &record_opts.user_freq, "profile at this frequency"),
	OPT_UINTEGER('m', "mmap-pages", &mmap_pages, "number of mmap data pages"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "group", &group,
		    "put the counters into a counter group"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "call-graph", &record_opts.call_graph,
		    "do call-graph (stack chain/backtrace) recording"),
	OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
		    "be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet", &quiet, "don't print any message"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stat", &record_opts.inherit_stat,
		    "per thread counts"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "data", &record_opts.sample_address,
		    "Sample addresses"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('T', "timestamp", &record_opts.sample_time, "Sample timestamps"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-samples", &record_opts.no_samples,
		    "don't sample"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "no-buildid-cache", &no_buildid_cache,
		    "do not update the buildid cache"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('B', "no-buildid", &no_buildid,
		    "do not collect buildids in perf.data"),
	OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
		     "monitor event in cgroup name only",
		     parse_cgroups),
	OPT_END()
};

int cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __used)
{
	int err = -ENOMEM;
	struct perf_evsel *pos;

	perf_header__set_cmdline(argc, argv);

	evsel_list = perf_evlist__new(NULL, NULL);
	if (evsel_list == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, record_options, record_usage,
			    PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
	if (!argc && record_opts.target_pid == -1 && record_opts.target_tid == -1 &&
		!record_opts.system_wide && !record_opts.cpu_list)
		usage_with_options(record_usage, record_options);

	if (force && append_file) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Can't overwrite and append at the same time."
				" You need to choose between -f and -A");
		usage_with_options(record_usage, record_options);
	} else if (append_file) {
		write_mode = WRITE_APPEND;
	} else {
		write_mode = WRITE_FORCE;
	}

	if (nr_cgroups && !record_opts.system_wide) {
		fprintf(stderr, "cgroup monitoring only available in"
			" system-wide mode\n");
		usage_with_options(record_usage, record_options);
	}

	symbol__init();

	if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict)
		pr_warning(
"WARNING: Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) are restricted,\n"
"check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict.\n\n"
"Samples in kernel functions may not be resolved if a suitable vmlinux\n"
"file is not found in the buildid cache or in the vmlinux path.\n\n"
"Samples in kernel modules won't be resolved at all.\n\n"
"If some relocation was applied (e.g. kexec) symbols may be misresolved\n"
"even with a suitable vmlinux or kallsyms file.\n\n");

	if (no_buildid_cache || no_buildid)
		disable_buildid_cache();

	if (evsel_list->nr_entries == 0 &&
	    perf_evlist__add_default(evsel_list) < 0) {
		pr_err("Not enough memory for event selector list\n");
		goto out_symbol_exit;
	}

	if (record_opts.target_pid != -1)
		record_opts.target_tid = record_opts.target_pid;

	if (perf_evlist__create_maps(evsel_list, record_opts.target_pid,
				     record_opts.target_tid, record_opts.cpu_list) < 0)
		usage_with_options(record_usage, record_options);

	list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
		if (perf_evsel__alloc_fd(pos, evsel_list->cpus->nr,
					 evsel_list->threads->nr) < 0)
			goto out_free_fd;
		if (perf_header__push_event(pos->attr.config, event_name(pos)))
			goto out_free_fd;
	}

	if (perf_evlist__alloc_pollfd(evsel_list) < 0)
		goto out_free_fd;

	if (record_opts.user_interval != ULLONG_MAX)
		record_opts.default_interval = record_opts.user_interval;
	if (record_opts.user_freq != UINT_MAX)
		record_opts.freq = record_opts.user_freq;

	/*
	 * User specified count overrides default frequency.
	 */
	if (record_opts.default_interval)
		record_opts.freq = 0;
	else if (record_opts.freq) {
		record_opts.default_interval = record_opts.freq;
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "frequency and count are zero, aborting\n");
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto out_free_fd;
	}

	err = __cmd_record(argc, argv);
out_free_fd:
	perf_evlist__delete_maps(evsel_list);
out_symbol_exit:
	symbol__exit();
	return err;
}