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linux/kernel/rcutree.h
Paul E. McKenney 2036d94a7b rcu: Rework detection of use of RCU by offline CPUs 
Because newly offlined CPUs continue executing after completing the
CPU_DYING notifiers, they legitimately enter the scheduler and use
RCU while appearing to be offline.  This calls for a more sophisticated
approach as follows:

1.	RCU marks the CPU online during the CPU_UP_PREPARE phase.

2.	RCU marks the CPU offline during the CPU_DEAD phase.

3.	Diagnostics regarding use of read-side RCU by offline CPUs use
	RCU's accounting rather than the cpu_online_map.  (Note that
	__call_rcu() still uses cpu_online_map to detect illegal
	invocations within CPU_DYING notifiers.)

4.	Offline CPUs are prevented from hanging the system by
	force_quiescent_state(), which pays attention to cpu_online_map.
	Some additional work (in a later commit) will be needed to
	guarantee that force_quiescent_state() waits a full jiffy before
	assuming that a CPU is offline, for example, when called from
	idle entry.  (This commit also makes the one-jiffy wait
	explicit, since the old-style implicit wait can now be defeated
	by RCU_FAST_NO_HZ and by rcutorture.)

This approach avoids the false positives encountered when attempting to
use more exact classification of CPU online/offline state.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:07 -08:00

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/*
* Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion (tree-based version)
* Internal non-public definitions.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
* Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008
*
* Author: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
*/
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/seqlock.h>
/*
* Define shape of hierarchy based on NR_CPUS and CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT.
* In theory, it should be possible to add more levels straightforwardly.
* In practice, this did work well going from three levels to four.
* Of course, your mileage may vary.
*/
#define MAX_RCU_LVLS 4
#if CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT > 16
#define RCU_FANOUT_LEAF 16
#else /* #if CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT > 16 */
#define RCU_FANOUT_LEAF (CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT)
#endif /* #else #if CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT > 16 */
#define RCU_FANOUT_1 (RCU_FANOUT_LEAF)
#define RCU_FANOUT_2 (RCU_FANOUT_1 * CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT)
#define RCU_FANOUT_3 (RCU_FANOUT_2 * CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT)
#define RCU_FANOUT_4 (RCU_FANOUT_3 * CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT)
#if NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_1
# define NUM_RCU_LVLS 1
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 (NR_CPUS)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 0
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_3 0
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_4 0
#elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_2
# define NUM_RCU_LVLS 2
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 (NR_CPUS)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_3 0
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_4 0
#elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_3
# define NUM_RCU_LVLS 3
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_2)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_3 (NR_CPUS)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_4 0
#elif NR_CPUS <= RCU_FANOUT_4
# define NUM_RCU_LVLS 4
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_0 1
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_1 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_3)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_2 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_2)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_3 DIV_ROUND_UP(NR_CPUS, RCU_FANOUT_1)
# define NUM_RCU_LVL_4 (NR_CPUS)
#else
# error "CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT insufficient for NR_CPUS"
#endif /* #if (NR_CPUS) <= RCU_FANOUT_1 */
#define RCU_SUM (NUM_RCU_LVL_0 + NUM_RCU_LVL_1 + NUM_RCU_LVL_2 + NUM_RCU_LVL_3 + NUM_RCU_LVL_4)
#define NUM_RCU_NODES (RCU_SUM - NR_CPUS)
/*
* Dynticks per-CPU state.
*/
struct rcu_dynticks {
long long dynticks_nesting; /* Track irq/process nesting level. */
/* Process level is worth LLONG_MAX/2. */
int dynticks_nmi_nesting; /* Track NMI nesting level. */
atomic_t dynticks; /* Even value for idle, else odd. */
};
/* RCU's kthread states for tracing. */
#define RCU_KTHREAD_STOPPED 0
#define RCU_KTHREAD_RUNNING 1
#define RCU_KTHREAD_WAITING 2
#define RCU_KTHREAD_OFFCPU 3
#define RCU_KTHREAD_YIELDING 4
#define RCU_KTHREAD_MAX 4
/*
* Definition for node within the RCU grace-period-detection hierarchy.
*/
struct rcu_node {
raw_spinlock_t lock; /* Root rcu_node's lock protects some */
/* rcu_state fields as well as following. */
unsigned long gpnum; /* Current grace period for this node. */
/* This will either be equal to or one */
/* behind the root rcu_node's gpnum. */
unsigned long completed; /* Last GP completed for this node. */
/* This will either be equal to or one */
/* behind the root rcu_node's gpnum. */
unsigned long qsmask; /* CPUs or groups that need to switch in */
/* order for current grace period to proceed.*/
/* In leaf rcu_node, each bit corresponds to */
/* an rcu_data structure, otherwise, each */
/* bit corresponds to a child rcu_node */
/* structure. */
unsigned long expmask; /* Groups that have ->blkd_tasks */
/* elements that need to drain to allow the */
/* current expedited grace period to */
/* complete (only for TREE_PREEMPT_RCU). */
atomic_t wakemask; /* CPUs whose kthread needs to be awakened. */
/* Since this has meaning only for leaf */
/* rcu_node structures, 32 bits suffices. */
unsigned long qsmaskinit;
/* Per-GP initial value for qsmask & expmask. */
unsigned long grpmask; /* Mask to apply to parent qsmask. */
/* Only one bit will be set in this mask. */
int grplo; /* lowest-numbered CPU or group here. */
int grphi; /* highest-numbered CPU or group here. */
u8 grpnum; /* CPU/group number for next level up. */
u8 level; /* root is at level 0. */
struct rcu_node *parent;
struct list_head blkd_tasks;
/* Tasks blocked in RCU read-side critical */
/* section. Tasks are placed at the head */
/* of this list and age towards the tail. */
struct list_head *gp_tasks;
/* Pointer to the first task blocking the */
/* current grace period, or NULL if there */
/* is no such task. */
struct list_head *exp_tasks;
/* Pointer to the first task blocking the */
/* current expedited grace period, or NULL */
/* if there is no such task. If there */
/* is no current expedited grace period, */
/* then there can cannot be any such task. */
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
struct list_head *boost_tasks;
/* Pointer to first task that needs to be */
/* priority boosted, or NULL if no priority */
/* boosting is needed for this rcu_node */
/* structure. If there are no tasks */
/* queued on this rcu_node structure that */
/* are blocking the current grace period, */
/* there can be no such task. */
unsigned long boost_time;
/* When to start boosting (jiffies). */
struct task_struct *boost_kthread_task;
/* kthread that takes care of priority */
/* boosting for this rcu_node structure. */
unsigned int boost_kthread_status;
/* State of boost_kthread_task for tracing. */
unsigned long n_tasks_boosted;
/* Total number of tasks boosted. */
unsigned long n_exp_boosts;
/* Number of tasks boosted for expedited GP. */
unsigned long n_normal_boosts;
/* Number of tasks boosted for normal GP. */
unsigned long n_balk_blkd_tasks;
/* Refused to boost: no blocked tasks. */
unsigned long n_balk_exp_gp_tasks;
/* Refused to boost: nothing blocking GP. */
unsigned long n_balk_boost_tasks;
/* Refused to boost: already boosting. */
unsigned long n_balk_notblocked;
/* Refused to boost: RCU RS CS still running. */
unsigned long n_balk_notyet;
/* Refused to boost: not yet time. */
unsigned long n_balk_nos;
/* Refused to boost: not sure why, though. */
/* This can happen due to race conditions. */
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
struct task_struct *node_kthread_task;
/* kthread that takes care of this rcu_node */
/* structure, for example, awakening the */
/* per-CPU kthreads as needed. */
unsigned int node_kthread_status;
/* State of node_kthread_task for tracing. */
} ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
/*
* Do a full breadth-first scan of the rcu_node structures for the
* specified rcu_state structure.
*/
#define rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) \
for ((rnp) = &(rsp)->node[0]; \
(rnp) < &(rsp)->node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; (rnp)++)
/*
* Do a breadth-first scan of the non-leaf rcu_node structures for the
* specified rcu_state structure. Note that if there is a singleton
* rcu_node tree with but one rcu_node structure, this loop is a no-op.
*/
#define rcu_for_each_nonleaf_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) \
for ((rnp) = &(rsp)->node[0]; \
(rnp) < (rsp)->level[NUM_RCU_LVLS - 1]; (rnp)++)
/*
* Scan the leaves of the rcu_node hierarchy for the specified rcu_state
* structure. Note that if there is a singleton rcu_node tree with but
* one rcu_node structure, this loop -will- visit the rcu_node structure.
* It is still a leaf node, even if it is also the root node.
*/
#define rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) \
for ((rnp) = (rsp)->level[NUM_RCU_LVLS - 1]; \
(rnp) < &(rsp)->node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; (rnp)++)
/* Index values for nxttail array in struct rcu_data. */
#define RCU_DONE_TAIL 0 /* Also RCU_WAIT head. */
#define RCU_WAIT_TAIL 1 /* Also RCU_NEXT_READY head. */
#define RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL 2 /* Also RCU_NEXT head. */
#define RCU_NEXT_TAIL 3
#define RCU_NEXT_SIZE 4
/* Per-CPU data for read-copy update. */
struct rcu_data {
/* 1) quiescent-state and grace-period handling : */
unsigned long completed; /* Track rsp->completed gp number */
/* in order to detect GP end. */
unsigned long gpnum; /* Highest gp number that this CPU */
/* is aware of having started. */
unsigned long passed_quiesce_gpnum;
/* gpnum at time of quiescent state. */
bool passed_quiesce; /* User-mode/idle loop etc. */
bool qs_pending; /* Core waits for quiesc state. */
bool beenonline; /* CPU online at least once. */
bool preemptible; /* Preemptible RCU? */
struct rcu_node *mynode; /* This CPU's leaf of hierarchy */
unsigned long grpmask; /* Mask to apply to leaf qsmask. */
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_INFO
unsigned long ticks_this_gp; /* The number of scheduling-clock */
/* ticks this CPU has handled */
/* during and after the last grace */
/* period it is aware of. */
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_INFO */
/* 2) batch handling */
/*
* If nxtlist is not NULL, it is partitioned as follows.
* Any of the partitions might be empty, in which case the
* pointer to that partition will be equal to the pointer for
* the following partition. When the list is empty, all of
* the nxttail elements point to the ->nxtlist pointer itself,
* which in that case is NULL.
*
* [nxtlist, *nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL]):
* Entries that batch # <= ->completed
* The grace period for these entries has completed, and
* the other grace-period-completed entries may be moved
* here temporarily in rcu_process_callbacks().
* [*nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL], *nxttail[RCU_WAIT_TAIL]):
* Entries that batch # <= ->completed - 1: waiting for current GP
* [*nxttail[RCU_WAIT_TAIL], *nxttail[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL]):
* Entries known to have arrived before current GP ended
* [*nxttail[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL], *nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]):
* Entries that might have arrived after current GP ended
* Note that the value of *nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL] will
* always be NULL, as this is the end of the list.
*/
struct rcu_head *nxtlist;
struct rcu_head **nxttail[RCU_NEXT_SIZE];
long qlen_lazy; /* # of lazy queued callbacks */
long qlen; /* # of queued callbacks, incl lazy */
long qlen_last_fqs_check;
/* qlen at last check for QS forcing */
unsigned long n_cbs_invoked; /* count of RCU cbs invoked. */
unsigned long n_cbs_orphaned; /* RCU cbs orphaned by dying CPU */
unsigned long n_cbs_adopted; /* RCU cbs adopted from dying CPU */
unsigned long n_force_qs_snap;
/* did other CPU force QS recently? */
long blimit; /* Upper limit on a processed batch */
/* 3) dynticks interface. */
struct rcu_dynticks *dynticks; /* Shared per-CPU dynticks state. */
int dynticks_snap; /* Per-GP tracking for dynticks. */
/* 4) reasons this CPU needed to be kicked by force_quiescent_state */
unsigned long dynticks_fqs; /* Kicked due to dynticks idle. */
unsigned long offline_fqs; /* Kicked due to being offline. */
/* 5) __rcu_pending() statistics. */
unsigned long n_rcu_pending; /* rcu_pending() calls since boot. */
unsigned long n_rp_qs_pending;
unsigned long n_rp_report_qs;
unsigned long n_rp_cb_ready;
unsigned long n_rp_cpu_needs_gp;
unsigned long n_rp_gp_completed;
unsigned long n_rp_gp_started;
unsigned long n_rp_need_fqs;
unsigned long n_rp_need_nothing;
int cpu;
struct rcu_state *rsp;
};
/* Values for fqs_state field in struct rcu_state. */
#define RCU_GP_IDLE 0 /* No grace period in progress. */
#define RCU_GP_INIT 1 /* Grace period being initialized. */
#define RCU_SAVE_DYNTICK 2 /* Need to scan dyntick state. */
#define RCU_FORCE_QS 3 /* Need to force quiescent state. */
#define RCU_SIGNAL_INIT RCU_SAVE_DYNTICK
#define RCU_JIFFIES_TILL_FORCE_QS 3 /* for rsp->jiffies_force_qs */
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA (5 * HZ)
#else
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA 0
#endif
#define RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY 2 /* Allow other CPUs time */
/* to take at least one */
/* scheduling clock irq */
/* before ratting on them. */
#define rcu_wait(cond) \
do { \
for (;;) { \
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); \
if (cond) \
break; \
schedule(); \
} \
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); \
} while (0)
/*
* RCU global state, including node hierarchy. This hierarchy is
* represented in "heap" form in a dense array. The root (first level)
* of the hierarchy is in ->node[0] (referenced by ->level[0]), the second
* level in ->node[1] through ->node[m] (->node[1] referenced by ->level[1]),
* and the third level in ->node[m+1] and following (->node[m+1] referenced
* by ->level[2]). The number of levels is determined by the number of
* CPUs and by CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT. Small systems will have a "hierarchy"
* consisting of a single rcu_node.
*/
struct rcu_state {
struct rcu_node node[NUM_RCU_NODES]; /* Hierarchy. */
struct rcu_node *level[NUM_RCU_LVLS]; /* Hierarchy levels. */
u32 levelcnt[MAX_RCU_LVLS + 1]; /* # nodes in each level. */
u8 levelspread[NUM_RCU_LVLS]; /* kids/node in each level. */
struct rcu_data __percpu *rda; /* pointer of percu rcu_data. */
/* The following fields are guarded by the root rcu_node's lock. */
u8 fqs_state ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
/* Force QS state. */
u8 fqs_active; /* force_quiescent_state() */
/* is running. */
u8 fqs_need_gp; /* A CPU was prevented from */
/* starting a new grace */
/* period because */
/* force_quiescent_state() */
/* was running. */
u8 boost; /* Subject to priority boost. */
unsigned long gpnum; /* Current gp number. */
unsigned long completed; /* # of last completed gp. */
/* End of fields guarded by root rcu_node's lock. */
raw_spinlock_t onofflock; /* exclude on/offline and */
/* starting new GP. */
raw_spinlock_t fqslock; /* Only one task forcing */
/* quiescent states. */
unsigned long jiffies_force_qs; /* Time at which to invoke */
/* force_quiescent_state(). */
unsigned long n_force_qs; /* Number of calls to */
/* force_quiescent_state(). */
unsigned long n_force_qs_lh; /* ~Number of calls leaving */
/* due to lock unavailable. */
unsigned long n_force_qs_ngp; /* Number of calls leaving */
/* due to no GP active. */
unsigned long gp_start; /* Time at which GP started, */
/* but in jiffies. */
unsigned long jiffies_stall; /* Time at which to check */
/* for CPU stalls. */
unsigned long gp_max; /* Maximum GP duration in */
/* jiffies. */
char *name; /* Name of structure. */
};
/* Return values for rcu_preempt_offline_tasks(). */
#define RCU_OFL_TASKS_NORM_GP 0x1 /* Tasks blocking normal */
/* GP were moved to root. */
#define RCU_OFL_TASKS_EXP_GP 0x2 /* Tasks blocking expedited */
/* GP were moved to root. */
/*
* RCU implementation internal declarations:
*/
extern struct rcu_state rcu_sched_state;
DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data, rcu_sched_data);
extern struct rcu_state rcu_bh_state;
DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data, rcu_bh_data);
#ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
extern struct rcu_state rcu_preempt_state;
DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data, rcu_preempt_data);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU */
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, rcu_cpu_kthread_status);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(int, rcu_cpu_kthread_cpu);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, rcu_cpu_kthread_loops);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(char, rcu_cpu_has_work);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
#ifndef RCU_TREE_NONCORE
/* Forward declarations for rcutree_plugin.h */
static void rcu_bootup_announce(void);
long rcu_batches_completed(void);
static void rcu_preempt_note_context_switch(int cpu);
static int rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(struct rcu_node *rnp);
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static void rcu_report_unblock_qs_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp,
unsigned long flags);
static void rcu_stop_cpu_kthread(int cpu);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall(struct rcu_state *rsp);
static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp);
static void rcu_preempt_stall_reset(void);
static void rcu_preempt_check_blocked_tasks(struct rcu_node *rnp);
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int rcu_preempt_offline_tasks(struct rcu_state *rsp,
struct rcu_node *rnp,
struct rcu_data *rdp);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
static void rcu_preempt_cleanup_dead_cpu(int cpu);
static void rcu_preempt_check_callbacks(int cpu);
static void rcu_preempt_process_callbacks(void);
void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, void (*func)(struct rcu_head *rcu));
#if defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) || defined(CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU)
static void rcu_report_exp_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
bool wake);
#endif /* #if defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) || defined(CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU) */
static int rcu_preempt_pending(int cpu);
static int rcu_preempt_cpu_has_callbacks(int cpu);
static void __cpuinit rcu_preempt_init_percpu_data(int cpu);
static void rcu_preempt_cleanup_dying_cpu(void);
static void __init __rcu_init_preempt(void);
static void rcu_initiate_boost(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags);
static void rcu_preempt_boost_start_gp(struct rcu_node *rnp);
static void invoke_rcu_callbacks_kthread(void);
static bool rcu_is_callbacks_kthread(void);
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
static void rcu_preempt_do_callbacks(void);
static void rcu_boost_kthread_setaffinity(struct rcu_node *rnp,
cpumask_var_t cm);
static int __cpuinit rcu_spawn_one_boost_kthread(struct rcu_state *rsp,
struct rcu_node *rnp,
int rnp_index);
static void invoke_rcu_node_kthread(struct rcu_node *rnp);
static void rcu_yield(void (*f)(unsigned long), unsigned long arg);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */
static void rcu_cpu_kthread_setrt(int cpu, int to_rt);
static void __cpuinit rcu_prepare_kthreads(int cpu);
static void rcu_prepare_for_idle_init(int cpu);
static void rcu_cleanup_after_idle(int cpu);
static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(int cpu);
static void print_cpu_stall_info_begin(void);
static void print_cpu_stall_info(struct rcu_state *rsp, int cpu);
static void print_cpu_stall_info_end(void);
static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void increment_cpu_stall_ticks(void);
#endif /* #ifndef RCU_TREE_NONCORE */
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