linux/include/linux/kref.h

/*
 * kref.h - library routines for handling generic reference counted objects
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2004 IBM Corp.
 *
 * based on kobject.h which was:
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Open Source Development Labs
 *
 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
 *
 */

#ifndef _KREF_H_
#define _KREF_H_

#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>

struct kref {
	atomic_t refcount;
};

/**
 * kref_init - initialize object.
 * @kref: object in question.
 */
static inline void kref_init(struct kref *kref)
{
	atomic_set(&kref->refcount, 1);
}

/**
 * kref_get - increment refcount for object.
 * @kref: object.
 */
static inline void kref_get(struct kref *kref)
{
	/* If refcount was 0 before incrementing then we have a race
	 * condition when this kref is freeing by some other thread right now.
	 * In this case one should use kref_get_unless_zero()
	 */
	WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_inc_return(&kref->refcount) < 2);
}

/**
 * kref_sub - subtract a number of refcounts for object.
 * @kref: object.
 * @count: Number of recounts to subtract.
 * @release: pointer to the function that will clean up the object when the
 *	     last reference to the object is released.
 *	     This pointer is required, and it is not acceptable to pass kfree
 *	     in as this function.  If the caller does pass kfree to this
 *	     function, you will be publicly mocked mercilessly by the kref
 *	     maintainer, and anyone else who happens to notice it.  You have
 *	     been warned.
 *
 * Subtract @count from the refcount, and if 0, call release().
 * Return 1 if the object was removed, otherwise return 0.  Beware, if this
 * function returns 0, you still can not count on the kref from remaining in
 * memory.  Only use the return value if you want to see if the kref is now
 * gone, not present.
 */
static inline int kref_sub(struct kref *kref, unsigned int count,
	     void (*release)(struct kref *kref))
{
	WARN_ON(release == NULL);

	if (atomic_sub_and_test((int) count, &kref->refcount)) {
		release(kref);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * kref_put - decrement refcount for object.
 * @kref: object.
 * @release: pointer to the function that will clean up the object when the
 *	     last reference to the object is released.
 *	     This pointer is required, and it is not acceptable to pass kfree
 *	     in as this function.  If the caller does pass kfree to this
 *	     function, you will be publicly mocked mercilessly by the kref
 *	     maintainer, and anyone else who happens to notice it.  You have
 *	     been warned.
 *
 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call release().
 * Return 1 if the object was removed, otherwise return 0.  Beware, if this
 * function returns 0, you still can not count on the kref from remaining in
 * memory.  Only use the return value if you want to see if the kref is now
 * gone, not present.
 */
static inline int kref_put(struct kref *kref, void (*release)(struct kref *kref))
{
	return kref_sub(kref, 1, release);
}

/**
 * kref_put_spinlock_irqsave - decrement refcount for object.
 * @kref: object.
 * @release: pointer to the function that will clean up the object when the
 *	     last reference to the object is released.
 *	     This pointer is required, and it is not acceptable to pass kfree
 *	     in as this function.
 * @lock: lock to take in release case
 *
 * Behaves identical to kref_put with one exception.  If the reference count
 * drops to zero, the lock will be taken atomically wrt dropping the reference
 * count.  The release function has to call spin_unlock() without _irqrestore.
 */
static inline int kref_put_spinlock_irqsave(struct kref *kref,
		void (*release)(struct kref *kref),
		spinlock_t *lock)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	WARN_ON(release == NULL);
	if (atomic_add_unless(&kref->refcount, -1, 1))
		return 0;
	spin_lock_irqsave(lock, flags);
	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&kref->refcount)) {
		release(kref);
		local_irq_restore(flags);
		return 1;
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
	return 0;
}

static inline int kref_put_mutex(struct kref *kref,
				 void (*release)(struct kref *kref),
				 struct mutex *lock)
{
	WARN_ON(release == NULL);
	if (unlikely(!atomic_add_unless(&kref->refcount, -1, 1))) {
		mutex_lock(lock);
		if (unlikely(!atomic_dec_and_test(&kref->refcount))) {
			mutex_unlock(lock);
			return 0;
		}
		release(kref);
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * kref_get_unless_zero - Increment refcount for object unless it is zero.
 * @kref: object.
 *
 * Return non-zero if the increment succeeded. Otherwise return 0.
 *
 * This function is intended to simplify locking around refcounting for
 * objects that can be looked up from a lookup structure, and which are
 * removed from that lookup structure in the object destructor.
 * Operations on such objects require at least a read lock around
 * lookup + kref_get, and a write lock around kref_put + remove from lookup
 * structure. Furthermore, RCU implementations become extremely tricky.
 * With a lookup followed by a kref_get_unless_zero *with return value check*
 * locking in the kref_put path can be deferred to the actual removal from
 * the lookup structure and RCU lookups become trivial.
 */
static inline int __must_check kref_get_unless_zero(struct kref *kref)
{
	return atomic_add_unless(&kref->refcount, 1, 0);
}
#endif /* _KREF_H_ */