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Layout Engine Visual Tests (reftest) L. David Baron <dbaron@dbaron.org>, Mozilla Corporation July 19, 2006 This code is designed to run tests of Mozilla's layout engine. These tests consist of an HTML (or other format) file along with a reference in the same format. The tests are run based on a manifest file, and for each test, PASS or FAIL is reported, and UNEXPECTED is reported if the result (PASS or FAIL) was not the expected result noted in the manifest. Why this way? ============= Writing HTML tests where the reference rendering is also in HTML is harder than simply writing bits of HTML that can be regression-tested by comparing the rendering of an older build to that of a newer build (perhaps using stored reference images from the older build). However, comparing across time has major disadvantages: * Comparisons across time either require two runs for every test, or they require stored reference images appropriate for the platform and configuration (often limiting testing to a very specific configuration). * Comparisons across time may fail due to expected changes, for example, changes in the default style sheet for HTML, changes in the appearance of form controls, or changes in default preferences like default font size or default colors. Using tests for which the pass criteria were explicitly chosen allows running tests at any time to see whether they still pass. Manifest Format =============== The test manifest format is a plain text file. A line starting with a "#" is a comment. Lines may be commented using whitespace followed by a "#" and the comment. Each non-blank line (after removal of comments) must be one of the following: 1. Inclusion of another manifest include <relative_path> 2. A test item <failure-type>* [<http>] <type> <url> <url_ref> where a. <failure-type> (optional) is one of the following: fails The test passes if the images of the two renderings DO NOT meet the conditions specified in the <type>. fails-if(condition) If the condition is met, the test passes if the images of the two renderings DO NOT meet the conditions of <type>. If the condition is not met, the test passes if the conditions of <type> are met. random The results of the test are random and therefore not to be considered in the output. random-if(condition) The results of the test are random if a given condition is met. skip This test should not be run. This is useful when a test fails in a catastrophic way, such as crashing or hanging the browser. Using 'skip' is preferred to simply commenting out the test because we want to report the test failure at the end of the test run. skip-if(condition) If the condition is met, the test is not run. This is useful if, for example, the test crashes only on a particular platform (i.e. it allows us to get test coverage on the other platforms). asserts(count) Loading the test and reference is known to assert exactly count times. NOTE: An asserts() notation with a non-zero count or maxCount suppresses use of a cached canvas for the test with the annotation. However, if later occurrences of the same test are not annotated, they will use the cached canvas (potentially from the load that asserted). This allows repeated use of the same test or reference to be annotated correctly (which may be particularly useful when the uses are in different subdirectories that can be tested independently), but does not force them to be, nor does it force suppression of caching for a common reference when it is the test that asserts. asserts(minCount-maxCount) Loading the test and reference is known to assert between minCount and maxCount times, inclusive. NOTE: See above regarding canvas caching. asserts-if(condition,count) asserts-if(condition,minCount-maxCount) Same as above, but only if condition is true. Examples of using conditions: fails-if(MOZ_WIDGET_TOOLKIT=="windows") ... fails-if(MOZ_WIDGET_TOOLKIT=="cocoa") ... fails-if(MOZ_WIDGET_TOOLKIT=="gtk2") ... b. <http>, if present, is one of the strings (sans quotes) "HTTP" or "HTTP(..)" or "HTTP(../..)" or "HTTP(../../..)", etc. , indicating that the test should be run over an HTTP server because it requires certain HTTP headers or a particular HTTP status. (Don't use this if your test doesn't require this functionality, because it unnecessarily slows down the test.) With "HTTP", HTTP tests have the restriction that any resource an HTTP test accesses must be accessed using a relative URL, and the test and the resource must be within the directory containing the reftest manifest that describes the test (or within a descendant directory). The variants "HTTP(..)", etc., can be used to relax this restriction by allowing resources in the parent directory, etc. To modify the HTTP status or headers of a resource named FOO, create a sibling file named FOO^headers^ with the following contents: [<http-status>] <http-header>* <http-status> A line of the form "HTTP ###[ <description>]", where ### indicates the desired HTTP status and <description> indicates a desired HTTP status description, if any. If this line is omitted, the default is "HTTP 200 OK". <http-header> A line in standard HTTP header line format, i.e. "Field-Name: field-value". You may not repeat the use of a Field-Name and must coalesce such headers together, and each header must be specified on a single line, but otherwise the format exactly matches that from HTTP itself. HTTP tests may also incorporate SJS files. SJS files provide similar functionality to CGI scripts, in that the response they produce can be dependent on properties of the incoming request. Currently these properties are restricted to method type and headers, but eventually it should be possible to examine data in the body of the request as well when computing the generated response. An SJS file is a JavaScript file with a .sjs extension which defines a global |handleRequest| function (called every time that file is loaded during reftests) in this format: function handleRequest(request, response) { response.setStatusLine(request.httpVersion, 200, "OK"); // You *probably* want this, or else you'll get bitten if you run // reftest multiple times with the same profile. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.write("any ASCII data you want"); var outputStream = response.bodyOutputStream; // ...anything else you want to do, synchronously... } For more details on exactly which functions and properties are available on request/response in handleRequest, see the nsIHttpRe(quest|sponse) definitions in <netwerk/test/httpserver/nsIHttpServer.idl>. c. <type> is one of the following: == The test passes if the images of the two renderings are the SAME. != The test passes if the images of the two renderings are DIFFERENT. load The test passes unconditionally if the page loads. url_ref must be omitted, and the test cannot be marked as fails or random. (Used to test for crashes, hangs, assertions, and leaks.) script The loaded page records the test's pass or failure status in a JavaScript data structure accessible through the following API. getTestCases() returns an array of test result objects representing the results of the tests performed by the page. Each test result object has two methods: testPassed() returns true if the test result object passed, otherwise it returns false. testDescription() returns a string describing the test result. url_ref must be omitted. The test may be marked as fails or random. (Used to test the JavaScript Engine.) d. <url> is either a relative file path or an absolute URL for the test page e. <url_ref> is either a relative file path or an absolute URL for the reference page The only difference between <url> and <url_ref> is that results of the test are reported using <url> only. 3. Specification of a url prefix url-prefix <string> <string> will be prepended to relative <url> and <url_ref> for all following test items in the manifest. <string> will not be prepended to the relative path when including another manifest, e.g. include <relative_path>. <string> will not be prepended to any <url> or <url_ref> matching the pattern /^\w+:/. This will prevent the prefix from being applied to any absolute url containing a protocol such as data:, about:, or http:. While the typical use of url-prefix is expected to be as the first line of a manifest, it is legal to use it anywhere in a manifest. Subsequent uses of url-prefix overwrite any existing values. This test manifest format could be used by other harnesses, such as ones that do not depend on XUL, or even ones testing other layout engines. Running Tests ============= (If you're not using a DEBUG build, first set browser.dom.window.dump.enabled to true (in about:config, in the profile you'll be using to run the tests). Create the option as a new boolean if it doesn't exist already. If you skip this step you won't get any output in the terminal.) At some point in the future there will hopefully be a cleaner way to do this. For now, go to your object directory, and run (perhaps using MOZ_NO_REMOTE=1 or the -profile <directory> option) ./firefox -reftest /path/to/srcdir/mozilla/layout/reftests/reftest.list > reftest.out and then search/grep reftest.out for "UNEXPECTED". There are two scripts provided to convert the reftest.out to HTML. clean-reftest-output.pl converts reftest.out into simple HTML, stripping lines from the log that aren't relevant. reftest-to-html.pl converts the output into html that makes it easier to visually check for failures. Testable Areas ============== This framework is capable of testing many areas of the layout engine. It is particularly well-suited to testing dynamic change handling (by comparison to the static end-result as a reference) and incremental layout (comparison of a script-interrupted layout to one that was not). However, it is also possible to write tests for many other things that can be described in terms of equivalence, for example: * CSS cascading could be tested by comparing the result of a complicated set of style rules that makes a word green to <span style="color:green">word</span>. * <canvas> compositing operators could be tested by comparing the result of drawing using canvas to a block-level element with the desired color as a CSS background-color. * CSS counters could be tested by comparing the text output by counters with a page containing the text written out * complex margin collapsing could be tested by comparing the complex case to a case where the margin is written out, or where the margin space is created by an element with 'height' and transparent background When it is not possible to test by equivalence, it may be possible to test by non-equivalence. For example, testing justification in cases with more than two words, or more than three different words, is difficult. However, it is simple to test that justified text is at least displayed differently from left-, center-, or right-aligned text. Writing Tests ============= When writing tests for this framework, it is important for the test to depend only on behaviors that are known to be correct and permanent. For example, tests should not depend on default font sizes, default margins of the body element, the default style sheet used for HTML, the default appearance of form controls, or anything else that can be avoided. In general, the best way to achieve this is to make the test and the reference identical in as many aspects as possible. For example: Good test markup: <div style="color:green"><table><tr><td><span>green </span></td></tr></table></div> Good reference markup: <div><table><tr><td><span style="color:green">green </span></td></tr></table></div> BAD reference markup: <!-- 3px matches the default cellspacing and cellpadding --> <div style="color:green; padding: 3px">green </div> BAD test markup: <!-- span doesn't change the positioning, so skip it --> <div style="color:green"><table><tr><td>green </td></tr></table></div> Asynchronous Tests ================== Normally reftest takes a snapshot of the given markup's rendering right after the load event fires for content. If your test needs to postpone the moment the snapshot is taken, it should make sure a class 'reftest-wait' is on the root element by the moment the load event fires. The easiest way to do this is to put it in the markup, e.g.: <html class="reftest-wait"> When your test is ready, you should remove this class from the root element, for example using this code: document.documentElement.className = ""; Note that in layout tests it is often enough to trigger layout using document.body.offsetWidth // HTML example When possible, you should use this technique instead of making your test async. Invalidation Tests ================== When a test (or reference) uses reftest-wait, reftest tracks invalidation via MozAfterPaint and updates the test image in the same way that a regular window would be repainted. Therefore it is possible to test invalidation-related bugs by setting up initial content and then dynamically modifying it before removing reftest-wait. However, it is important to get the timing of these dynamic modifications right so that the test doesn't accidentally pass because a full repaint of the window was already pending. To help with this, reftest fires one MozReftestInvalidate event at the document root element for a reftest-wait test when it is safe to make changes that should test invalidation. The event bubbles up to the document and window so you can set listeners there too. For example, function doTest() { document.body.style.border = ""; document.documentElement.removeAttribute('class'); } document.addEventListener("MozReftestInvalidate", doTest, false); Printing Tests ============== Now that the patch for bug 374050 has landed (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=374050), it is possible to create reftests that run in a paginated context. The page size used is 5in wide and 3in tall (with the default half-inch margins). This is to allow tests to have less text and to make the entire test fit on the screen. There is a layout/reftests/printing directory for printing reftests; however, there is nothing special about this directory. You can put printing reftests anywhere that is appropriate. The suggested first lines for any printing test is <!DOCTYPE html><html class="reftest-print"> <style>html{font-size:12pt}</style> The reftest-print class on the root element triggers the reftest to switch into page mode on load. Fixing the font size is suggested, although not required, because the pages are a fixed size in inches. The underlying layout support for this mode isn't really complete; it doesn't use exactly the same codepath as real print preview/print. In particular, scripting and frames are likely to cause problems; it is untested, though. That said, it should be sufficient for testing layout issues related to pagination.