[analyzer][solver] Introduce reasoning for not equal to operator

Prior to this, the solver was only able to verify whether two symbols
are equal/unequal, only when constants were involved. This patch allows
the solver to work over ranges as well.

Reviewed By: steakhal, martong

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106102

Patch by: @manas (Manas Gupta)

clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Core/RangeConstraintManager.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/FoldingSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
-#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -955,18 +955,7 @@ private:
   }
 
   RangeSet VisitBinaryOperator(RangeSet LHS, BinaryOperator::Opcode Op,
-                               RangeSet RHS, QualType T) {
-    switch (Op) {
-    case BO_Or:
-      return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Or>(LHS, RHS, T);
-    case BO_And:
-      return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_And>(LHS, RHS, T);
-    case BO_Rem:
-      return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Rem>(LHS, RHS, T);
-    default:
-      return infer(T);
-    }
-  }
+                               RangeSet RHS, QualType T);
 
   //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
   //                         Ranges and operators
@@ -1231,6 +1220,29 @@ private:
 //               Range-based reasoning about symbolic operations
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+template <>
+RangeSet SymbolicRangeInferrer::VisitBinaryOperator<BO_NE>(RangeSet LHS,
+                                                           RangeSet RHS,
+                                                           QualType T) {
+  // When both the RangeSets are non-overlapping then all possible pairs of
+  // (x, y) in LHS, RHS respectively, will satisfy expression (x != y).
+  if ((LHS.getMaxValue() < RHS.getMinValue()) ||
+      (LHS.getMinValue() > RHS.getMaxValue())) {
+    return getTrueRange(T);
+  }
+
+  // If both RangeSets contain only one Point which is equal then the
+  // expression will always return true.
+  if ((LHS.getMinValue() == RHS.getMaxValue()) &&
+      (LHS.getMaxValue() == RHS.getMaxValue()) &&
+      (LHS.getMinValue() == RHS.getMinValue())) {
+    return getFalseRange(T);
+  }
+
+  // In all other cases, the resulting range cannot be deduced.
+  return infer(T);
+}
+
 template <>
 RangeSet SymbolicRangeInferrer::VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Or>(Range LHS, Range RHS,
                                                            QualType T) {
@@ -1391,6 +1403,23 @@ RangeSet SymbolicRangeInferrer::VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Rem>(Range LHS,
   return {RangeFactory, ValueFactory.getValue(Min), ValueFactory.getValue(Max)};
 }
 
+RangeSet SymbolicRangeInferrer::VisitBinaryOperator(RangeSet LHS,
+                                                    BinaryOperator::Opcode Op,
+                                                    RangeSet RHS, QualType T) {
+  switch (Op) {
+  case BO_NE:
+    return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_NE>(LHS, RHS, T);
+  case BO_Or:
+    return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Or>(LHS, RHS, T);
+  case BO_And:
+    return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_And>(LHS, RHS, T);
+  case BO_Rem:
+    return VisitBinaryOperator<BO_Rem>(LHS, RHS, T);
+  default:
+    return infer(T);
+  }
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 //                  Constraint manager implementation details
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

clang/test/Analysis/constant-folding.c

@@ -281,3 +281,49 @@ void testRemainderRules(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, int c, int d) {
     clang_analyzer_eval((b % a) < x + 10); // expected-warning{{TRUE}}
   }
 }
+
+void testDisequalityRules(unsigned int u1, unsigned int u2, int s1, int s2) {
+  // Checks when ranges are not overlapping
+  if (u1 <= 10 && u2 >= 20) {
+    // u1: [0,10], u2: [20,UINT_MAX]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((u1 != u2) != 0); // expected-warning{{TRUE}}
+  }
+
+  if (s1 <= INT_MIN + 10 && s2 >= INT_MAX - 10) {
+    // s1: [INT_MIN,INT_MIN + 10], s2: [INT_MAX - 10,INT_MAX]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((s1 != s2) == 0); // expected-warning{{FALSE}}
+  }
+
+  // Checks when ranges are completely overlapping and have more than one point
+  if (u1 >= 20 && u1 <= 50 && u2 >= 20 && u2 <= 50) {
+    // u1: [20,50], u2: [20,50]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((u1 != u2) != 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+
+  if (s1 >= -20 && s1 <= 20 && s2 >= -20 && s2 <= 20) {
+    // s1: [-20,20], s2: [-20,20]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((s1 != s2) != 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+
+  // Checks when ranges are partially overlapping
+  if (u1 >= 100 && u1 <= 200 && u2 >= 150 && u2 <= 300) {
+    // u1: [100,200], u2: [150,300]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((u1 != u2) != 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+
+  if (s1 >= -80 && s1 <= -50 && s2 >= -100 && s2 <= -75) {
+    // s1: [-80,-50], s2: [-100,-75]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((s1 != s2) == 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+
+  // Checks for ranges which are subset of one-another
+  if (u1 >= 500 && u1 <= 1000 && u2 >= 750 && u2 <= 1000) {
+    // u1: [500,1000], u2: [750,1000]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((u1 != u2) == 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+
+  if (s1 >= -1000 && s1 <= -500 && s2 <= -500 && s2 >= -750) {
+    // s1: [-1000,-500], s2: [-500,-750]
+    clang_analyzer_eval((s1 != s2) == 0); // expected-warning{{UNKNOWN}}
+  }
+}