DBG: move InitDLLDebugW out of TitanEngine

src/dbg/commands/cmd-debug-control.cpp

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ bool cbDebugAttach(int argc, char* argv[])
 #endif // _WIN64
         return false;
     }
-    if(!GetFileNameFromProcessHandle(hProcess, szFileName))
+    if(!GetFileNameFromProcessHandle(hProcess, szDebuggeePath))
     {
         dprintf(QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("DBG", "Could not get module filename %X!\n"), DWORD(pid));
         return false;

src/dbg/debugger.cpp

@@ -70,10 +70,11 @@ static WString gInitExe, gInitCmd, gInitDir, gDllLoader;
 static CookieQuery cookie;
 static duint exceptionDispatchAddr = 0;
 static bool bPausedOnException = false;
+static HANDLE DebugDLLFileMapping = 0;
 char szProgramDir[MAX_PATH] = "";
-char szFileName[MAX_PATH] = "";
+char szDebuggeePath[MAX_PATH] = "";
+char szDllLoaderPath[MAX_PATH] = "";
 char szSymbolCachePath[MAX_PATH] = "";
-char sqlitedb[deflen] = "";
 std::vector<std::pair<duint, duint>> RunToUserCodeBreakpoints;
 PROCESS_INFORMATION* fdProcessInfo = &g_pi;
 HANDLE hActiveThread;
@@ -1672,8 +1673,10 @@ static void cbLoadDll(LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_INFO* LoadDll)
 
     char command[MAX_PATH * 2] = "";
     bool bIsDebuggingThis = false;
-    if(bFileIsDll && !_stricmp(DLLDebugFileName, szFileName) && !bIsAttached) //Set entry breakpoint
+    if(bFileIsDll && !_stricmp(DLLDebugFileName, szDebuggeePath) && !bIsAttached) //Set entry breakpoint
     {
+        CloseHandle(DebugDLLFileMapping);
+        DebugDLLFileMapping = 0;
         bIsDebuggingThis = true;
         pDebuggedBase = (duint)base;
         DbCheckHash(ModContentHashFromAddr(pDebuggedBase)); //Check hash mismatch
@@ -2553,6 +2556,45 @@ void dbgstartscriptthread(CBPLUGINSCRIPT cbScript)
     CloseHandle(CreateThread(0, 0, scriptThread, (LPVOID)cbScript, 0, 0));
 }
 
+static void* InitDLLDebugW(const wchar_t* szFileName, const wchar_t* szCommandLine, const wchar_t* szCurrentFolder)
+{
+    WString loaderFilename = StringUtils::sprintf(L"\\DLLLoader" ArchValue(L"32", L"64") L"_%04X.exe", GetTickCount() & 0xFFFF);
+    WString debuggeeLoaderPath = szFileName;
+    {
+        auto backslashIdx = debuggeeLoaderPath.rfind('\\');
+        if(backslashIdx != WString::npos)
+            debuggeeLoaderPath.resize(backslashIdx);
+    }
+    debuggeeLoaderPath += loaderFilename;
+    WString loaderPath = StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szDllLoaderPath);
+    if(!CopyFileW(loaderPath.c_str(), debuggeeLoaderPath.c_str(), FALSE))
+    {
+        debuggeeLoaderPath = StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szProgramDir);
+        debuggeeLoaderPath += loaderFilename;
+        if(!CopyFileW(loaderPath.c_str(), debuggeeLoaderPath.c_str(), FALSE))
+        {
+            dprintf(QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("DBG", "Error debugging DLL (failed to copy loader)\n"));
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PPROCESS_INFORMATION ReturnValue = (PPROCESS_INFORMATION)InitDebugW(debuggeeLoaderPath.c_str(), szCommandLine, szCurrentFolder);
+    WString mappingName = StringUtils::sprintf(L"Local\\szLibraryName%X", ReturnValue->dwProcessId);
+    const auto mappingSize = 512;
+    DebugDLLFileMapping = CreateFileMappingW(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, 0, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, mappingSize * sizeof(wchar_t), mappingName.c_str());
+    if(DebugDLLFileMapping)
+    {
+        wchar_t* szLibraryPathMapping = (wchar_t*)MapViewOfFile(DebugDLLFileMapping, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, mappingSize * sizeof(wchar_t));
+        if(szLibraryPathMapping)
+        {
+            wcscpy_s(szLibraryPathMapping, mappingSize, szFileName);
+            UnmapViewOfFile(szLibraryPathMapping);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ReturnValue;
+}
+
 static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
 {
     //initialize variables
@@ -2565,7 +2607,7 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
     INIT_STRUCT* init;
     if(attach)
     {
-        gInitExe = StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szFileName);
+        gInitExe = StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szDebuggeePath);
         pid = DWORD(lpParameter);
         static PROCESS_INFORMATION pi_attached;
         memset(&pi_attached, 0, sizeof(pi_attached));
@@ -2575,14 +2617,19 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
     {
         init = (INIT_STRUCT*)lpParameter;
         gInitExe = StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(init->exe);
-        strcpy_s(szFileName, init->exe);
+        strcpy_s(szDebuggeePath, init->exe);
     }
 
     pDebuggedEntry = GetPE32DataW(gInitExe.c_str(), 0, UE_OEP);
     bEntryIsInMzHeader = pDebuggedEntry == 0 || pDebuggedEntry == 1;
 
-    bFileIsDll = IsFileDLLW(StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szFileName).c_str(), 0);
+    bFileIsDll = IsFileDLLW(StringUtils::Utf8ToUtf16(szDebuggeePath).c_str(), 0);
-    DbSetPath(nullptr, szFileName);
+    if(bFileIsDll && !FileExists(szDllLoaderPath))
+    {
+        dprintf(QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("DBG", "Error debugging DLL (loaddll.exe not found)\n"));
+        return;
+    }
+    DbSetPath(nullptr, szDebuggeePath);
 
     if(!attach)
     {
@@ -2602,7 +2649,7 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
 
         //start the process
         if(bFileIsDll)
-            fdProcessInfo = (PROCESS_INFORMATION*)InitDLLDebugW(gInitExe.c_str(), false, gInitCmd.c_str(), gInitDir.c_str(), 0);
+            fdProcessInfo = (PROCESS_INFORMATION*)InitDLLDebugW(gInitExe.c_str(), gInitCmd.c_str(), gInitDir.c_str());
         else
             fdProcessInfo = (PROCESS_INFORMATION*)InitDebugW(gInitExe.c_str(), gInitCmd.c_str(), gInitDir.c_str());
         if(!fdProcessInfo)
@@ -2680,10 +2727,10 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
     //inform GUI we started without problems
     GuiSetDebugState(initialized);
     GuiFocusView(GUI_DISASSEMBLY);
-    GuiAddRecentFile(szFileName);
+    GuiAddRecentFile(szDebuggeePath);
 
     //set GUI title
-    strcpy_s(szBaseFileName, szFileName);
+    strcpy_s(szBaseFileName, szDebuggeePath);
     int len = (int)strlen(szBaseFileName);
     while(szBaseFileName[len] != '\\' && len)
         len--;
@@ -2693,7 +2740,7 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
 
     //call plugin callback
     PLUG_CB_INITDEBUG initInfo;
-    initInfo.szFileName = szFileName;
+    initInfo.szFileName = szDebuggeePath;
     plugincbcall(CB_INITDEBUG, &initInfo);
 
     //call plugin callback (attach)
@@ -2760,6 +2807,12 @@ static void debugLoopFunction(void* lpParameter, bool attach)
         hProcessToken = 0;
     }
 
+    if(DebugDLLFileMapping)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(DebugDLLFileMapping);
+        DebugDLLFileMapping = 0;
+    }
+
     pDebuggedEntry = 0;
     pDebuggedBase = 0;
     pCreateProcessBase = 0;

src/dbg/debugger.h

@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ extern PROCESS_INFORMATION* fdProcessInfo;
 extern HANDLE hActiveThread;
 extern HANDLE hProcessToken;
 extern char szProgramDir[MAX_PATH];
-extern char szFileName[MAX_PATH];
+extern char szDebuggeePath[MAX_PATH];
+extern char szDllLoaderPath[MAX_PATH];
 extern char szSymbolCachePath[MAX_PATH];
 extern bool bUndecorateSymbolNames;
 extern bool bEnableSourceDebugging;

src/dbg/x64dbg.cpp

@@ -630,6 +630,10 @@ extern "C" DLL_EXPORT const char* _dbg_dbginit()
     while(szProgramDir[len] != '\\')
         len--;
     szProgramDir[len] = 0;
+
+    strcpy_s(szDllLoaderPath, szProgramDir);
+    strcat_s(szDllLoaderPath, "\\loaddll.exe");
+
 #ifdef ENABLE_MEM_TRACE
     strcpy_s(alloctrace, szProgramDir);
     strcat_s(alloctrace, "\\alloctrace.txt");

src/loaddll/loaddll.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <windows.h>
+
+wchar_t szLibraryPath[512];
+
+int main()
+{
+    wchar_t szName[256];
+    wsprintfW(szName, L"Local\\szLibraryName%X", (unsigned int)GetCurrentProcessId());
+    HANDLE hMapFile = OpenFileMappingW(FILE_MAP_READ, false, szName);
+    if(hMapFile)
+    {
+        const wchar_t* szLibraryPathMapping = (const wchar_t*)MapViewOfFile(hMapFile, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, sizeof(szLibraryPath));
+        if(szLibraryPathMapping)
+        {
+            lstrcpyW(szLibraryPath, szLibraryPathMapping);
+            UnmapViewOfFile(szLibraryPathMapping);
+        }
+        CloseHandle(hMapFile);
+    }
+    if(szLibraryPath[0])
+        return (LoadLibraryW(szLibraryPath) != NULL);
+    return 0;
+}

src/loaddll/loaddll.vcxproj

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="loaddll.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(ProjectDir)..\..\bin\x32\</OutDir>
+    <GenerateManifest>false</GenerateManifest>
+    <IntDir>$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(ProjectDir)..\..\bin\x32d\</OutDir>
+    <GenerateManifest>false</GenerateManifest>
+    <IntDir>$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(ProjectDir)..\..\bin\x64\</OutDir>
+    <GenerateManifest>false</GenerateManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(ProjectDir)..\..\bin\x64d\</OutDir>
+    <GenerateManifest>false</GenerateManifest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+      </AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+      <LargeAddressAware>true</LargeAddressAware>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+      </AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+      </AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+      </AdditionalManifestDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>

src/loaddll/loaddll.vcxproj.filters

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="loaddll.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>

x64dbg.sln

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "x64dbg_launcher", "src\laun
 EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "zydis_wrapper", "src\zydis_wrapper\zydis_wrapper.vcxproj", "{3B2C1EE1-FDEC-4D85-BE46-3C6A5EA69883}"
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "loaddll", "src\loaddll\loaddll.vcxproj", "{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
@@ -68,8 +70,19 @@ Global
 		{3B2C1EE1-FDEC-4D85-BE46-3C6A5EA69883}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{3B2C1EE1-FDEC-4D85-BE46-3C6A5EA69883}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{3B2C1EE1-FDEC-4D85-BE46-3C6A5EA69883}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{21AD9735-967B-41F7-8329-DB88D03743ED}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
 	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {CC6FA67F-9244-45AD-AC13-69C29283D226}
+	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal