archived-pcsx2/pcsx2/MTGS.cpp

/*  PCSX2 - PS2 Emulator for PCs
 *  Copyright (C) 2002-2010  PCSX2 Dev Team
 *
 *  PCSX2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
 *  of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Found-
 *  ation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  PCSX2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
 *  without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 *  PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PCSX2.
 *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "PrecompiledHeader.h"
#include "Common.h"

#include <list>

#include "common/ScopedGuard.h"
#include "common/StringUtil.h"

#include "GS.h"
#include "Gif_Unit.h"
#include "MTVU.h"
#include "Elfheader.h"

#include "Host.h"
#include "HostDisplay.h"
#include "IconsFontAwesome5.h"

#ifndef PCSX2_CORE
#include "gui/Dialogs/ModalPopups.h"
#else
#include "VMManager.h"
#endif

// Uncomment this to enable profiling of the GS RingBufferCopy function.
//#define PCSX2_GSRING_SAMPLING_STATS

using namespace Threading;

#if 0 //PCSX2_DEBUG
#define MTGS_LOG Console.WriteLn
#else
#define MTGS_LOG(...) \
	do                \
	{                 \
	} while (0)
#endif

// =====================================================================================================
//  MTGS Threaded Class Implementation
// =====================================================================================================

alignas(32) MTGS_BufferedData RingBuffer;


#ifdef RINGBUF_DEBUG_STACK
#include <list>
std::list<uint> ringposStack;
#endif

SysMtgsThread::SysMtgsThread()
#ifdef RINGBUF_DEBUG_STACK
	: m_lock_Stack()
#endif
{
	m_ReadPos = 0;
	m_WritePos = 0;
	m_packet_size = 0;
	m_packet_writepos = 0;

	m_QueuedFrameCount = 0;
	m_VsyncSignalListener = false;
	m_SignalRingEnable = false;
	m_SignalRingPosition = 0;

	m_CopyDataTally = 0;
}

SysMtgsThread::~SysMtgsThread()
{
	ShutdownThread();
}

void SysMtgsThread::StartThread()
{
	if (m_thread.joinable())
		return;

	pxAssertRel(!m_open_flag.load(), "GS thread should not be opened when starting");
	m_sem_event.Reset();
	m_shutdown_flag.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
	m_thread = std::thread(&SysMtgsThread::ThreadEntryPoint, this);
}

void SysMtgsThread::ShutdownThread()
{
	if (!m_thread.joinable())
		return;

	// just go straight to shutdown, don't wait-for-open again
	m_shutdown_flag.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
	if (IsOpen())
		WaitForClose();

	// make sure the thread actually exits
	m_sem_event.NotifyOfWork();
	m_thread.join();
}

void SysMtgsThread::ThreadEntryPoint()
{
	Threading::SetNameOfCurrentThread("GS");

	if (GSinit() != 0)
	{
		Host::ReportErrorAsync("Error", "GSinit() failed.");
		m_open_or_close_done.Post();
		return;
	}

	m_thread_handle = Threading::ThreadHandle::GetForCallingThread();

	for (;;)
	{
		// wait until we're actually asked to initialize (and config has been loaded, etc)
		while (!m_open_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
		{
			if (m_shutdown_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
			{
				m_sem_event.Kill();
				m_thread_handle = {};
				return;
			}

			m_sem_event.WaitForWork();
		}

		// try initializing.. this could fail
		const bool opened = TryOpenGS();
		m_open_flag.store(opened, std::memory_order_release);

		// notify emu thread that we finished opening (or failed)
		m_open_or_close_done.Post();

		// are we open?
		if (!opened)
		{
			// wait until we're asked to try again...
			continue;
		}

		// we're ready to go
		MainLoop();

		// when we come back here, it's because we closed (or shutdown)
		// that means the emu thread should be blocked, waiting for us to be done
		pxAssertRel(!m_open_flag.load(std::memory_order_relaxed), "Open flag is clear on close");
		CloseGS();
		m_open_or_close_done.Post();

		// we need to reset sem_event here, because MainLoop() kills it.
		m_sem_event.Reset();
	}

	GSshutdown();
}

void SysMtgsThread::ResetGS(bool hardware_reset)
{
	pxAssertDev(!IsOpen() || (m_ReadPos == m_WritePos), "Must close or terminate the GS thread prior to gsReset.");

	// MTGS Reset process:
	//  * clear the ringbuffer.
	//  * Signal a reset.
	//  * clear the path and byRegs structs (used by GIFtagDummy)

	m_ReadPos = m_WritePos.load();
	m_QueuedFrameCount = 0;
	m_VsyncSignalListener = 0;

	MTGS_LOG("MTGS: Sending Reset...");
	SendSimplePacket(GS_RINGTYPE_RESET, static_cast<int>(hardware_reset), 0, 0);
	SetEvent();
}

struct RingCmdPacket_Vsync
{
	u8 regset1[0x0f0];
	u32 csr;
	u32 imr;
	GSRegSIGBLID siglblid;

	// must be 16 byte aligned
	u32 registers_written;
	u32 pad[3];
};

void SysMtgsThread::PostVsyncStart(bool registers_written)
{
	// Optimization note: Typically regset1 isn't needed.  The regs in that area are typically
	// changed infrequently, usually during video mode changes.  However, on modern systems the
	// 256-byte copy is only a few dozen cycles -- executed 60 times a second -- so probably
	// not worth the effort or overhead of trying to selectively avoid it.

	uint packsize = sizeof(RingCmdPacket_Vsync) / 16;
	PrepDataPacket(GS_RINGTYPE_VSYNC, packsize);
	MemCopy_WrappedDest((u128*)PS2MEM_GS, RingBuffer.m_Ring, m_packet_writepos, RingBufferSize, 0xf);

	u32* remainder = (u32*)GetDataPacketPtr();
	remainder[0] = GSCSRr;
	remainder[1] = GSIMR._u32;
	(GSRegSIGBLID&)remainder[2] = GSSIGLBLID;
	remainder[4] = static_cast<u32>(registers_written);
	m_packet_writepos = (m_packet_writepos + 2) & RingBufferMask;

	SendDataPacket();

	// Vsyncs should always start the GS thread, regardless of how little has actually be queued.
	if (m_CopyDataTally != 0)
		SetEvent();

	// If the MTGS is allowed to queue a lot of frames in advance, it creates input lag.
	// Use the Queued FrameCount to stall the EE if another vsync (or two) are already queued
	// in the ringbuffer.  The queue limit is disabled when both FrameLimiting and Vsync are
	// disabled, since the queue can have perverse effects on framerate benchmarking.

	// Edit: It's possible that MTGS is that much faster than GS that it creates so much lag,
	// a game becomes uncontrollable (software rendering for example).
	// For that reason it's better to have the limit always in place, at the cost of a few max FPS in benchmarks.
	// If those are needed back, it's better to increase the VsyncQueueSize via PCSX_vm.ini.
	// (The Xenosaga engine is known to run into this, due to it throwing bulks of data in one frame followed by 2 empty frames.)

	if ((m_QueuedFrameCount.fetch_add(1) < EmuConfig.GS.VsyncQueueSize) /*|| (!EmuConfig.GS.VsyncEnable && !EmuConfig.GS.FrameLimitEnable)*/)
		return;

	m_VsyncSignalListener.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
	//Console.WriteLn( Color_Blue, "(EEcore Sleep) Vsync\t\tringpos=0x%06x, writepos=0x%06x", m_ReadPos.load(), m_WritePos.load() );

	m_sem_Vsync.Wait();
}

void SysMtgsThread::InitAndReadFIFO(u8* mem, u32 qwc)
{
	if (EmuConfig.GS.HWDownloadMode >= GSHardwareDownloadMode::Unsynchronized && GSConfig.UseHardwareRenderer())
	{
		if (EmuConfig.GS.HWDownloadMode == GSHardwareDownloadMode::Unsynchronized)
			GSReadLocalMemoryUnsync(mem, qwc, vif1.BITBLTBUF._u64, vif1.TRXPOS._u64, vif1.TRXREG._u64);
		else
			std::memset(mem, 0, qwc * 16);

		return;
	}

	SendPointerPacket(GS_RINGTYPE_INIT_AND_READ_FIFO, qwc, mem);
	WaitGS(false, false, false);
}

union PacketTagType
{
	struct
	{
		u32 command;
		u32 data[3];
	};
	struct
	{
		u32 _command;
		u32 _data[1];
		uptr pointer;
	};
};

bool SysMtgsThread::TryOpenGS()
{
	std::memcpy(RingBuffer.Regs, PS2MEM_GS, sizeof(PS2MEM_GS));

	if (!GSopen(EmuConfig.GS, EmuConfig.GS.Renderer, RingBuffer.Regs))
		return false;

	GSsetGameCRC(ElfCRC, 0);
	return true;
}

void SysMtgsThread::MainLoop()
{
	// Threading info: run in MTGS thread
	// m_ReadPos is only update by the MTGS thread so it is safe to load it with a relaxed atomic

#ifdef RINGBUF_DEBUG_STACK
	PacketTagType prevCmd;
#endif

	std::unique_lock mtvu_lock(m_mtx_RingBufferBusy2);

	while (true)
	{
#ifdef PCSX2_CORE
		if (m_run_idle_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire) && VMManager::GetState() != VMState::Running)
		{
			if (!m_sem_event.CheckForWork())
			{
				GSPresentCurrentFrame();
				GSThrottlePresentation();
			}
		}
		else
		{
			mtvu_lock.unlock();
			m_sem_event.WaitForWork();
			mtvu_lock.lock();
		}
#else
		mtvu_lock.unlock();
		m_sem_event.WaitForWork();
		mtvu_lock.lock();
#endif

		if (!m_open_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
			break;

		// note: m_ReadPos is intentionally not volatile, because it should only
		// ever be modified by this thread.
		while (m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
		{
			const unsigned int local_ReadPos = m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

			pxAssert(local_ReadPos < RingBufferSize);

			const PacketTagType& tag = (PacketTagType&)RingBuffer[local_ReadPos];
			u32 ringposinc = 1;

#ifdef RINGBUF_DEBUG_STACK
			// pop a ringpos off the stack.  It should match this one!

			m_lock_Stack.Lock();
			uptr stackpos = ringposStack.back();
			if (stackpos != local_ReadPos)
			{
				Console.Error("MTGS Ringbuffer Critical Failure ---> %x to %x (prevCmd: %x)\n", stackpos, local_ReadPos, prevCmd.command);
			}
			pxAssert(stackpos == local_ReadPos);
			prevCmd = tag;
			ringposStack.pop_back();
			m_lock_Stack.Release();
#endif

			switch (tag.command)
			{
#if COPY_GS_PACKET_TO_MTGS == 1
				case GS_RINGTYPE_P1:
				{
					uint datapos = (local_ReadPos + 1) & RingBufferMask;
					const int qsize = tag.data[0];
					const u128* data = &RingBuffer[datapos];

					MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=P1, qwc=%u", qsize);

					uint endpos = datapos + qsize;
					if (endpos >= RingBufferSize)
					{
						uint firstcopylen = RingBufferSize - datapos;
						GSgifTransfer((u8*)data, firstcopylen);
						datapos = endpos & RingBufferMask;
						GSgifTransfer((u8*)RingBuffer.m_Ring, datapos);
					}
					else
					{
						GSgifTransfer((u8*)data, qsize);
					}

					ringposinc += qsize;
				}
				break;

				case GS_RINGTYPE_P2:
				{
					uint datapos = (local_ReadPos + 1) & RingBufferMask;
					const int qsize = tag.data[0];
					const u128* data = &RingBuffer[datapos];

					MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=P2, qwc=%u", qsize);

					uint endpos = datapos + qsize;
					if (endpos >= RingBufferSize)
					{
						uint firstcopylen = RingBufferSize - datapos;
						GSgifTransfer2((u32*)data, firstcopylen);
						datapos = endpos & RingBufferMask;
						GSgifTransfer2((u32*)RingBuffer.m_Ring, datapos);
					}
					else
					{
						GSgifTransfer2((u32*)data, qsize);
					}

					ringposinc += qsize;
				}
				break;

				case GS_RINGTYPE_P3:
				{
					uint datapos = (local_ReadPos + 1) & RingBufferMask;
					const int qsize = tag.data[0];
					const u128* data = &RingBuffer[datapos];

					MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=P3, qwc=%u", qsize);

					uint endpos = datapos + qsize;
					if (endpos >= RingBufferSize)
					{
						uint firstcopylen = RingBufferSize - datapos;
						GSgifTransfer3((u32*)data, firstcopylen);
						datapos = endpos & RingBufferMask;
						GSgifTransfer3((u32*)RingBuffer.m_Ring, datapos);
					}
					else
					{
						GSgifTransfer3((u32*)data, qsize);
					}

					ringposinc += qsize;
				}
				break;
#endif
				case GS_RINGTYPE_GSPACKET:
				{
					Gif_Path& path = gifUnit.gifPath[tag.data[2]];
					u32 offset = tag.data[0];
					u32 size = tag.data[1];
					if (offset != ~0u)
						GSgifTransfer((u8*)&path.buffer[offset], size / 16);
					path.readAmount.fetch_sub(size, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
					break;
				}

				case GS_RINGTYPE_MTVU_GSPACKET:
				{
					MTVU_LOG("MTGS - Waiting on semaXGkick!");
					if (!vu1Thread.semaXGkick.TryWait())
					{
						mtvu_lock.unlock();
						// Wait for MTVU to complete vu1 program
						vu1Thread.semaXGkick.Wait();
						mtvu_lock.lock();
					}
					Gif_Path& path = gifUnit.gifPath[GIF_PATH_1];
					GS_Packet gsPack = path.GetGSPacketMTVU(); // Get vu1 program's xgkick packet(s)
					if (gsPack.size)
						GSgifTransfer((u8*)&path.buffer[gsPack.offset], gsPack.size / 16);
					path.readAmount.fetch_sub(gsPack.size + gsPack.readAmount, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
					path.PopGSPacketMTVU(); // Should be done last, for proper Gif_MTGS_Wait()
					break;
				}

				default:
				{
					switch (tag.command)
					{
						case GS_RINGTYPE_VSYNC:
						{
							const int qsize = tag.data[0];
							ringposinc += qsize;

							MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=Vsync, field=%u, skip=%s", !!(((u32&)RingBuffer.Regs[0x1000]) & 0x2000) ? 0 : 1, tag.data[1] ? "true" : "false");

							// Mail in the important GS registers.
							// This seemingly obtuse system is needed in order to handle cases where the vsync data wraps
							// around the edge of the ringbuffer.  If not for that I'd just use a struct. >_<

							uint datapos = (local_ReadPos + 1) & RingBufferMask;
							MemCopy_WrappedSrc(RingBuffer.m_Ring, datapos, RingBufferSize, (u128*)RingBuffer.Regs, 0xf);

							u32* remainder = (u32*)&RingBuffer[datapos];
							((u32&)RingBuffer.Regs[0x1000]) = remainder[0];
							((u32&)RingBuffer.Regs[0x1010]) = remainder[1];
							((GSRegSIGBLID&)RingBuffer.Regs[0x1080]) = (GSRegSIGBLID&)remainder[2];

							// CSR & 0x2000; is the pageflip id.
							GSvsync((((u32&)RingBuffer.Regs[0x1000]) & 0x2000) ? 0 : 1, remainder[4] != 0);

							m_QueuedFrameCount.fetch_sub(1);
							if (m_VsyncSignalListener.exchange(false))
								m_sem_Vsync.Post();

							// Do not StateCheckInThread() here
							// Otherwise we could pause while there's still data in the queue
							// Which could make the MTVU thread wait forever for it to empty
						}
						break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_ASYNC_CALL:
							{
								AsyncCallType* const func = (AsyncCallType*)tag.pointer;
								(*func)();
								delete func;
							}
							break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_FREEZE:
						{
							MTGS_FreezeData* data = (MTGS_FreezeData*)tag.pointer;
							int mode = tag.data[0];
							data->retval = GSfreeze((FreezeAction)mode, (freezeData*)data->fdata);
						}
						break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_RESET:
							MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=Reset");
							GSreset(tag.data[0] != 0);
							break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_SOFTRESET:
						{
							int mask = tag.data[0];
							MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=SoftReset");
							GSgifSoftReset(mask);
						}
						break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_CRC:
							GSsetGameCRC(tag.data[0], 0);
							break;

						case GS_RINGTYPE_INIT_AND_READ_FIFO:
							MTGS_LOG("(MTGS Packet Read) ringtype=Fifo2, size=%d", tag.data[0]);
							GSInitAndReadFIFO((u8*)tag.pointer, tag.data[0]);
							break;

#ifdef PCSX2_DEVBUILD
						default:
							Console.Error("GSThreadProc, bad packet (%x) at m_ReadPos: %x, m_WritePos: %x", tag.command, local_ReadPos, m_WritePos.load());
							pxFail("Bad packet encountered in the MTGS Ringbuffer.");
							m_ReadPos.store(m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_acquire), std::memory_order_release);
							continue;
#else
							// Optimized performance in non-Dev builds.
							jNO_DEFAULT;
#endif
					}
				}
			}

			uint newringpos = (m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) + ringposinc) & RingBufferMask;

			if (EmuConfig.GS.SynchronousMTGS)
			{
				pxAssert(m_WritePos == newringpos);
			}

			m_ReadPos.store(newringpos, std::memory_order_release);

			if (m_SignalRingEnable.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
			{
				// The EEcore has requested a signal after some amount of processed data.
				if (m_SignalRingPosition.fetch_sub(ringposinc) <= 0)
				{
					// Make sure to post the signal after the m_ReadPos has been updated...
					m_SignalRingEnable.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
					m_sem_OnRingReset.Post();
					continue;
				}
			}
		}

		// TODO: With the new race-free WorkSema do we still need these?

		// Safety valve in case standard signals fail for some reason -- this ensures the EEcore
		// won't sleep the eternity, even if SignalRingPosition didn't reach 0 for some reason.
		// Important: Need to unlock the MTGS busy signal PRIOR, so that EEcore SetEvent() calls
		// parallel to this handler aren't accidentally blocked.
		if (m_SignalRingEnable.exchange(false))
		{
			//Console.Warning( "(MTGS Thread) Dangling RingSignal on empty buffer!  signalpos=0x%06x", m_SignalRingPosition.exchange(0) ) );
			m_SignalRingPosition.store(0, std::memory_order_release);
			m_sem_OnRingReset.Post();
		}

		if (m_VsyncSignalListener.exchange(false))
			m_sem_Vsync.Post();

		//Console.Warning( "(MTGS Thread) Nothing to do!  ringpos=0x%06x", m_ReadPos );
	}

	// Unblock any threads in WaitGS in case MTGS gets cancelled while still processing work
	m_ReadPos.store(m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_acquire), std::memory_order_relaxed);
	m_sem_event.Kill();
}

void SysMtgsThread::CloseGS()
{
#ifndef PCSX2_CORE
	if (GSDump::isRunning)
		return;
#endif
	GSclose();
}

// Waits for the GS to empty out the entire ring buffer contents.
// If syncRegs, then writes pcsx2's gs regs to MTGS's internal copy
// If weakWait, then this function is allowed to exit after MTGS finished a path1 packet
// If isMTVU, then this implies this function is being called from the MTVU thread...
void SysMtgsThread::WaitGS(bool syncRegs, bool weakWait, bool isMTVU)
{
	pxAssertDev(std::this_thread::get_id() != m_thread.get_id(), "This method is only allowed from threads *not* named MTGS.");
	if (!pxAssertDev(IsOpen(), "MTGS Warning!  WaitGS issued on a closed thread."))
		return;

	Gif_Path& path = gifUnit.gifPath[GIF_PATH_1];

	// Both m_ReadPos and m_WritePos can be relaxed as we only want to test if the queue is empty but
	// we don't want to access the content of the queue

	SetEvent();
	if (weakWait && isMTVU)
	{
		// On weakWait we will stop waiting on the MTGS thread if the
		// MTGS thread has processed a vu1 xgkick packet, or is pending on
		// its final vu1 xgkick packet (!curP1Packs)...
		// Note: m_WritePos doesn't seem to have proper atomic write
		// code, so reading it from the MTVU thread might be dangerous;
		// hence it has been avoided...
		u32 startP1Packs = path.GetPendingGSPackets();
		if (startP1Packs)
		{
			while (true)
			{
				// m_mtx_RingBufferBusy2.Wait();
				m_mtx_RingBufferBusy2.lock();
				m_mtx_RingBufferBusy2.unlock();
				if (path.GetPendingGSPackets() != startP1Packs)
					break;
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if (!m_sem_event.WaitForEmpty())
			pxFailRel("MTGS Thread Died");
	}

	assert(!(weakWait && syncRegs) && "No synchronization for this!");

	if (syncRegs)
	{
		// Completely synchronize GS and MTGS register states.
		memcpy(RingBuffer.Regs, PS2MEM_GS, sizeof(RingBuffer.Regs));
	}
}

// Sets the gsEvent flag and releases a timeslice.
// For use in loops that wait on the GS thread to do certain things.
void SysMtgsThread::SetEvent()
{
	m_sem_event.NotifyOfWork();
	m_CopyDataTally = 0;
}

u8* SysMtgsThread::GetDataPacketPtr() const
{
	return (u8*)&RingBuffer[m_packet_writepos & RingBufferMask];
}

// Closes the data packet send command, and initiates the gs thread (if needed).
void SysMtgsThread::SendDataPacket()
{
	// make sure a previous copy block has been started somewhere.
	pxAssert(m_packet_size != 0);

	uint actualSize = ((m_packet_writepos - m_packet_startpos) & RingBufferMask) - 1;
	pxAssert(actualSize <= m_packet_size);
	pxAssert(m_packet_writepos < RingBufferSize);

	PacketTagType& tag = (PacketTagType&)RingBuffer[m_packet_startpos];
	tag.data[0] = actualSize;

	m_WritePos.store(m_packet_writepos, std::memory_order_release);

	if (EmuConfig.GS.SynchronousMTGS)
	{
		WaitGS();
	}
	else
	{
		m_CopyDataTally += m_packet_size;
		if (m_CopyDataTally > 0x2000)
			SetEvent();
	}

	m_packet_size = 0;

	//m_PacketLocker.Release();
}

void SysMtgsThread::GenericStall(uint size)
{
	// Note on volatiles: m_WritePos is not modified by the GS thread, so there's no need
	// to use volatile reads here.  We do cache it though, since we know it never changes,
	// except for calls to RingbufferRestert() -- handled below.
	const uint writepos = m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

	// Sanity checks! (within the confines of our ringbuffer please!)
	pxAssert(size < RingBufferSize);
	pxAssert(writepos < RingBufferSize);

	// generic gs wait/stall.
	// if the writepos is past the readpos then we're safe.
	// But if not then we need to make sure the readpos is outside the scope of
	// the block about to be written (writepos + size)

	uint readpos = m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
	uint freeroom;

	if (writepos < readpos)
		freeroom = readpos - writepos;
	else
		freeroom = RingBufferSize - (writepos - readpos);

	if (freeroom <= size)
	{
		// writepos will overlap readpos if we commit the data, so we need to wait until
		// readpos is out past the end of the future write pos, or until it wraps around
		// (in which case writepos will be >= readpos).

		// Ideally though we want to wait longer, because if we just toss in this packet
		// the next packet will likely stall up too.  So lets set a condition for the MTGS
		// thread to wake up the EE once there's a sizable chunk of the ringbuffer emptied.

		uint somedone = (RingBufferSize - freeroom) / 4;
		if (somedone < size + 1)
			somedone = size + 1;

		// FMV Optimization: FMVs typically send *very* little data to the GS, in some cases
		// every other frame is nothing more than a page swap.  Sleeping the EEcore is a
		// waste of time, and we get better results using a spinwait.

		if (somedone > 0x80)
		{
			pxAssertDev(m_SignalRingEnable == 0, "MTGS Thread Synchronization Error");
			m_SignalRingPosition.store(somedone, std::memory_order_release);

			//Console.WriteLn( Color_Blue, "(EEcore Sleep) PrepDataPacker \tringpos=0x%06x, writepos=0x%06x, signalpos=0x%06x", readpos, writepos, m_SignalRingPosition );

			while (true)
			{
				m_SignalRingEnable.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
				SetEvent();
				m_sem_OnRingReset.Wait();
				readpos = m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
				//Console.WriteLn( Color_Blue, "(EEcore Awake) Report!\tringpos=0x%06x", readpos );

				if (writepos < readpos)
					freeroom = readpos - writepos;
				else
					freeroom = RingBufferSize - (writepos - readpos);

				if (freeroom > size)
					break;
			}

			pxAssertDev(m_SignalRingPosition <= 0, "MTGS Thread Synchronization Error");
		}
		else
		{
			//Console.WriteLn( Color_StrongGray, "(EEcore Spin) PrepDataPacket!" );
			SetEvent();
			while (true)
			{
				SpinWait();
				readpos = m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_acquire);

				if (writepos < readpos)
					freeroom = readpos - writepos;
				else
					freeroom = RingBufferSize - (writepos - readpos);

				if (freeroom > size)
					break;
			}
		}
	}
}

void SysMtgsThread::PrepDataPacket(MTGS_RingCommand cmd, u32 size)
{
	m_packet_size = size;
	++size; // takes into account our RingCommand QWC.
	GenericStall(size);

	// Command qword: Low word is the command, and the high word is the packet
	// length in SIMDs (128 bits).
	const unsigned int local_WritePos = m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

	PacketTagType& tag = (PacketTagType&)RingBuffer[local_WritePos];
	tag.command = cmd;
	tag.data[0] = m_packet_size;
	m_packet_startpos = local_WritePos;
	m_packet_writepos = (local_WritePos + 1) & RingBufferMask;
}

// Returns the amount of giftag data processed (in simd128 values).
// Return value is used by VU1's XGKICK instruction to wrap the data
// around VU memory instead of having buffer overflow...
// Parameters:
//  size - size of the packet data, in smd128's
void SysMtgsThread::PrepDataPacket(GIF_PATH pathidx, u32 size)
{
	//m_PacketLocker.Acquire();

	PrepDataPacket((MTGS_RingCommand)pathidx, size);
}

__fi void SysMtgsThread::_FinishSimplePacket()
{
	uint future_writepos = (m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1) & RingBufferMask;
	pxAssert(future_writepos != m_ReadPos.load(std::memory_order_acquire));
	m_WritePos.store(future_writepos, std::memory_order_release);

	if (EmuConfig.GS.SynchronousMTGS)
		WaitGS();
	else
		++m_CopyDataTally;
}

void SysMtgsThread::SendSimplePacket(MTGS_RingCommand type, int data0, int data1, int data2)
{
	//ScopedLock locker( m_PacketLocker );

	GenericStall(1);
	PacketTagType& tag = (PacketTagType&)RingBuffer[m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)];

	tag.command = type;
	tag.data[0] = data0;
	tag.data[1] = data1;
	tag.data[2] = data2;

	_FinishSimplePacket();
}

void SysMtgsThread::SendSimpleGSPacket(MTGS_RingCommand type, u32 offset, u32 size, GIF_PATH path)
{
	SendSimplePacket(type, (int)offset, (int)size, (int)path);

	if (!EmuConfig.GS.SynchronousMTGS)
	{
		m_CopyDataTally += size / 16;
		if (m_CopyDataTally > 0x2000)
			SetEvent();
	}
}

void SysMtgsThread::SendPointerPacket(MTGS_RingCommand type, u32 data0, void* data1)
{
	//ScopedLock locker( m_PacketLocker );

	GenericStall(1);
	PacketTagType& tag = (PacketTagType&)RingBuffer[m_WritePos.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)];

	tag.command = type;
	tag.data[0] = data0;
	tag.pointer = (uptr)data1;

	_FinishSimplePacket();
}

void SysMtgsThread::SendGameCRC(u32 crc)
{
	SendSimplePacket(GS_RINGTYPE_CRC, crc, 0, 0);
}

bool SysMtgsThread::WaitForOpen()
{
	if (IsOpen())
		return true;

	StartThread();

	// request open, and kick the thread.
	m_open_flag.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
	m_sem_event.NotifyOfWork();

	// wait for it to finish its stuff
	m_open_or_close_done.Wait();

	// did we succeed?
	const bool result = m_open_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
	if (!result)
		Console.Error("GS failed to open.");

#ifndef PCSX2_CORE
	if (!result) // EE thread will continue running and explode everything if we don't throw an exception
		throw Exception::RuntimeError(std::runtime_error("GS failed to open."));
#endif

	return result;
}

void SysMtgsThread::WaitForClose()
{
	if (!IsOpen())
		return;

	// ask the thread to stop processing work, by clearing the open flag
	m_open_flag.store(false, std::memory_order_release);

	// and kick the thread if it's sleeping
	m_sem_event.NotifyOfWork();

	// and wait for it to finish up..
	m_open_or_close_done.Wait();
}

void SysMtgsThread::Freeze(FreezeAction mode, MTGS_FreezeData& data)
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "GS thread is open");
	pxAssertDev(std::this_thread::get_id() != m_thread.get_id(), "This method is only allowed from threads *not* named MTGS.");
	SendPointerPacket(GS_RINGTYPE_FREEZE, (int)mode, &data);
	WaitGS();
}

void SysMtgsThread::RunOnGSThread(AsyncCallType func)
{
	SendPointerPacket(GS_RINGTYPE_ASYNC_CALL, 0, new AsyncCallType(std::move(func)));

	// wake the gs thread in case it's sleeping
	SetEvent();
}

void SysMtgsThread::ApplySettings()
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "MTGS is running");

	RunOnGSThread([opts = EmuConfig.GS]() {
		GSUpdateConfig(opts);
		g_host_display->SetVSync(Host::GetEffectiveVSyncMode());
	});

	// We need to synchronize the thread when changing any settings when the download mode
	// is unsynchronized, because otherwise we might potentially read in the middle of
	// the GS renderer being reopened.
	if (EmuConfig.GS.HWDownloadMode == GSHardwareDownloadMode::Unsynchronized)
		WaitGS(false, false, false);
}

void SysMtgsThread::ResizeDisplayWindow(int width, int height, float scale)
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "MTGS is running");
	RunOnGSThread([width, height, scale]() {
		GSResetAPIState();
		Host::ResizeHostDisplay(width, height, scale);
		GSRestoreAPIState();

#ifdef PCSX2_CORE
		// If we're paused, re-present the current frame at the new window size.
		if (VMManager::GetState() == VMState::Paused)
			GSPresentCurrentFrame();
#endif
	});
}

void SysMtgsThread::UpdateDisplayWindow()
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "MTGS is running");
	RunOnGSThread([]() {
		GSResetAPIState();
		Host::UpdateHostDisplay();
		GSRestoreAPIState();

#ifdef PCSX2_CORE
		// If we're paused, re-present the current frame at the new window size.
		if (VMManager::GetState() == VMState::Paused)
			GSPresentCurrentFrame();
#endif
	});
}

void SysMtgsThread::SetVSyncMode(VsyncMode mode)
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "MTGS is running");

	RunOnGSThread([mode]() {
		Console.WriteLn("Vsync is %s", mode == VsyncMode::Off ? "OFF" : (mode == VsyncMode::Adaptive ? "ADAPTIVE" : "ON"));
		g_host_display->SetVSync(mode);
	});
}

void SysMtgsThread::UpdateVSyncMode()
{
	SetVSyncMode(Host::GetEffectiveVSyncMode());
}

void SysMtgsThread::SwitchRenderer(GSRendererType renderer, bool display_message /* = true */)
{
	pxAssertRel(IsOpen(), "MTGS is running");

	if (display_message)
	{
		Host::AddIconOSDMessage("SwitchRenderer", ICON_FA_MAGIC, fmt::format("Switching to {} renderer...",
			Pcsx2Config::GSOptions::GetRendererName(renderer)), Host::OSD_INFO_DURATION);
	}

	RunOnGSThread([renderer]() {
		GSSwitchRenderer(renderer);
	});

	// See note in ApplySettings() for reasoning here.
	if (EmuConfig.GS.HWDownloadMode == GSHardwareDownloadMode::Unsynchronized)
		WaitGS(false, false, false);
}

void SysMtgsThread::SetSoftwareRendering(bool software, bool display_message /* = true */)
{
	// for hardware, use the chosen api in the base config, or auto if base is set to sw
	GSRendererType new_renderer;
	if (!software)
		new_renderer = EmuConfig.GS.UseHardwareRenderer() ? EmuConfig.GS.Renderer : GSRendererType::Auto;
	else
		new_renderer = GSRendererType::SW;

	SwitchRenderer(new_renderer, display_message);
}

void SysMtgsThread::ToggleSoftwareRendering()
{
	// reading from the GS thread.. but should be okay here
	SetSoftwareRendering(GSConfig.Renderer != GSRendererType::SW);
}

bool SysMtgsThread::SaveMemorySnapshot(u32 width, u32 height, std::vector<u32>* pixels)
{
	bool result = false;
	RunOnGSThread([width, height, pixels, &result]() {
		result = GSSaveSnapshotToMemory(width, height, pixels);
	});
	WaitGS(false, false, false);
	return result;
}

void SysMtgsThread::PresentCurrentFrame()
{
	if (m_run_idle_flag.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
	{
		// If we're running idle, we're going to re-present anyway.
		return;
	}

	RunOnGSThread([]() {
		GSPresentCurrentFrame();
	});
}

void SysMtgsThread::SetRunIdle(bool enabled)
{
	// NOTE: Should only be called on the GS thread.
	m_run_idle_flag.store(enabled, std::memory_order_release);
}