diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/GamePadStateBuilder.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/GamePadStateBuilder.cs
index e5ca1b1c..f1500ea5 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/GamePadStateBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/GamePadStateBuilder.cs
@@ -145,54 +145,52 @@ internal class GamePadStateBuilder : IInputStateBuilder<GamePadStateBuilder, Gam
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public IEnumerable<SButton> GetPressedButtons()
+    public void FillPressedButtons(HashSet<SButton> set)
     {
         // buttons
         foreach (Buttons button in this.GetPressedGamePadButtons())
-            yield return button.ToSButton();
+            set.Add(button.ToSButton());
 
         // triggers
         if (this.LeftTrigger > 0.2f)
-            yield return SButton.LeftTrigger;
+            set.Add(SButton.LeftTrigger);
         if (this.RightTrigger > 0.2f)
-            yield return SButton.RightTrigger;
+            set.Add(SButton.RightTrigger);
 
         // left thumbstick direction
         if (this.LeftStickPos.Y > GamePadStateBuilder.LeftThumbstickDeadZone)
-            yield return SButton.LeftThumbstickUp;
+            set.Add(SButton.LeftThumbstickUp);
         if (this.LeftStickPos.Y < -GamePadStateBuilder.LeftThumbstickDeadZone)
-            yield return SButton.LeftThumbstickDown;
+            set.Add(SButton.LeftThumbstickDown);
         if (this.LeftStickPos.X > GamePadStateBuilder.LeftThumbstickDeadZone)
-            yield return SButton.LeftThumbstickRight;
+            set.Add(SButton.LeftThumbstickRight);
         if (this.LeftStickPos.X < -GamePadStateBuilder.LeftThumbstickDeadZone)
-            yield return SButton.LeftThumbstickLeft;
+            set.Add(SButton.LeftThumbstickLeft);
 
         // right thumbstick direction
         if (this.RightStickPos.Length() > GamePadStateBuilder.RightThumbstickDeadZone)
         {
             if (this.RightStickPos.Y > 0)
-                yield return SButton.RightThumbstickUp;
+                set.Add(SButton.RightThumbstickUp);
             if (this.RightStickPos.Y < 0)
-                yield return SButton.RightThumbstickDown;
+                set.Add(SButton.RightThumbstickDown);
             if (this.RightStickPos.X > 0)
-                yield return SButton.RightThumbstickRight;
+                set.Add(SButton.RightThumbstickRight);
             if (this.RightStickPos.X < 0)
-                yield return SButton.RightThumbstickLeft;
+                set.Add(SButton.RightThumbstickLeft);
         }
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public GamePadState GetState()
     {
-        this.State ??= new GamePadState(
+        return this.State ??= new GamePadState(
             leftThumbStick: this.LeftStickPos,
             rightThumbStick: this.RightStickPos,
             leftTrigger: this.LeftTrigger,
             rightTrigger: this.RightTrigger,
             buttons: this.GetPressedGamePadButtons().ToArray()
         );
-
-        return this.State.Value;
     }
 
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/IInputStateBuilder.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/IInputStateBuilder.cs
index 221bffcc..367a4c64 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/IInputStateBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/IInputStateBuilder.cs
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ internal interface IInputStateBuilder<out THandler, TState>
     /// <param name="overrides">The button state overrides.</param>
     THandler OverrideButtons(IDictionary<SButton, SButtonState> overrides);
 
-    /// <summary>Get the currently pressed buttons.</summary>
-    IEnumerable<SButton> GetPressedButtons();
+    /// <summary>Fill a set with the currently pressed buttons.</summary>
+    /// <param name="set">The set to populate with the pressed buttons.</param>
+    void FillPressedButtons(HashSet<SButton> set);
 
     /// <summary>Get the equivalent state.</summary>
     TState GetState();
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/KeyboardStateBuilder.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/KeyboardStateBuilder.cs
index 66e67f74..247e01a6 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/KeyboardStateBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/KeyboardStateBuilder.cs
@@ -50,17 +50,15 @@ internal class KeyboardStateBuilder : IInputStateBuilder<KeyboardStateBuilder, K
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public IEnumerable<SButton> GetPressedButtons()
+    public void FillPressedButtons(HashSet<SButton> set)
     {
         foreach (Keys key in this.PressedButtons)
-            yield return key.ToSButton();
+            set.Add(key.ToSButton());
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public KeyboardState GetState()
     {
-        return
-            this.State
-            ?? (this.State = new KeyboardState(this.PressedButtons.ToArray())).Value;
+        return this.State ??= new KeyboardState(this.PressedButtons.ToArray());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/MouseStateBuilder.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/MouseStateBuilder.cs
index 17bac8e8..ac27f67a 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/MouseStateBuilder.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/MouseStateBuilder.cs
@@ -66,19 +66,19 @@ internal class MouseStateBuilder : IInputStateBuilder<MouseStateBuilder, MouseSt
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
-    public IEnumerable<SButton> GetPressedButtons()
+    public void FillPressedButtons(HashSet<SButton> set)
     {
         foreach (var pair in this.ButtonStates)
         {
             if (pair.Value == ButtonState.Pressed)
-                yield return pair.Key;
+                set.Add(pair.Key);
         }
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public MouseState GetState()
     {
-        this.State ??= new MouseState(
+        return this.State ??= new MouseState(
             x: this.X,
             y: this.Y,
             scrollWheel: this.ScrollWheelValue,
@@ -88,7 +88,5 @@ internal class MouseStateBuilder : IInputStateBuilder<MouseStateBuilder, MouseSt
             xButton1: this.ButtonStates[SButton.MouseX1],
             xButton2: this.ButtonStates[SButton.MouseX2]
         );
-
-        return this.State.Value;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/SInputState.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/SInputState.cs
index 910bb040..7707fc12 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/SInputState.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Input/SInputState.cs
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ internal sealed class SInputState : InputState
     /// <summary>The builder which reads the mouse state and applies overrides.</summary>
     private readonly MouseStateBuilder MouseStateBuilder = new();
 
+    /// <summary>The pooled cache set for <see cref="FillPressedButtons"/> in <see cref="TrueUpdate"/>.</summary>
+    private readonly HashSet<SButton> PooledPressedButtons = [];
+
 
     /*********
     ** Accessors
@@ -82,21 +85,26 @@ internal sealed class SInputState : InputState
             KeyboardStateBuilder keyboard = this.KeyboardStateBuilder;
             MouseStateBuilder mouse = this.MouseStateBuilder;
 
+            // get pooled button set
+            HashSet<SButton> pressedButtons = this.PooledPressedButtons;
+
             // get real values
             controller.Reset(base.GetGamePadState());
             keyboard.Reset(base.GetKeyboardState());
             mouse.Reset(base.GetMouseState());
             Vector2 cursorAbsolutePos = new((mouse.X * zoomMultiplier) + Game1.viewport.X, (mouse.Y * zoomMultiplier) + Game1.viewport.Y);
             Vector2? playerTilePos = Context.IsPlayerFree ? Game1.player.Tile : null;
-            HashSet<SButton> reallyDown = new(this.GetPressedButtons(keyboard, mouse, controller));
+
+            pressedButtons.Clear();
+            this.FillPressedButtons(pressedButtons, keyboard, mouse, controller);
 
             // apply overrides
             bool hasOverrides = false;
             if (this.CustomPressedKeys.Count > 0 || this.CustomReleasedKeys.Count > 0)
             {
                 // reset overrides that no longer apply
-                this.CustomPressedKeys.ExceptWith(reallyDown);
-                this.CustomReleasedKeys.IntersectWith(reallyDown);
+                this.CustomPressedKeys.ExceptWith(pressedButtons);
+                this.CustomReleasedKeys.IntersectWith(pressedButtons);
 
                 // apply overrides
                 if (this.ApplyOverrides(this.CustomPressedKeys, this.CustomReleasedKeys, controller, keyboard, mouse))
@@ -107,9 +115,11 @@ internal sealed class SInputState : InputState
             }
 
             // get button states
-            var pressedButtons = hasOverrides
-                ? new(this.GetPressedButtons(keyboard, mouse, controller))
-                : reallyDown;
+            if (hasOverrides)
+            {
+                pressedButtons.Clear();
+                this.FillPressedButtons(pressedButtons, keyboard, mouse, controller);
+            }
             var activeButtons = this.DeriveStates(this.ButtonStates, pressedButtons);
 
             // update
@@ -315,15 +325,15 @@ internal sealed class SInputState : InputState
     }
 
     /// <summary>Get the buttons pressed in the given stats.</summary>
+    /// <param name="set">The set to populate with pressed buttons.</param>
     /// <param name="keyboard">The keyboard state.</param>
     /// <param name="mouse">The mouse state.</param>
     /// <param name="controller">The controller state.</param>
     /// <remarks>Thumbstick direction logic derived from <see cref="ButtonCollection"/>.</remarks>
-    private IEnumerable<SButton> GetPressedButtons(KeyboardStateBuilder keyboard, MouseStateBuilder mouse, GamePadStateBuilder controller)
+    private void FillPressedButtons(HashSet<SButton> set, KeyboardStateBuilder keyboard, MouseStateBuilder mouse, GamePadStateBuilder controller)
     {
-        return keyboard
-            .GetPressedButtons()
-            .Concat(mouse.GetPressedButtons())
-            .Concat(controller.GetPressedButtons());
+        keyboard.FillPressedButtons(set);
+        mouse.FillPressedButtons(set);
+        controller.FillPressedButtons(set);
     }
 }