diff --git a/src/SMAPI.ModBuildConfig.Analyzer.Tests/Framework/DiagnosticVerifier.cs b/src/SMAPI.ModBuildConfig.Analyzer.Tests/Framework/DiagnosticVerifier.cs
index 67ac85d7..ad75c62b 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.ModBuildConfig.Analyzer.Tests/Framework/DiagnosticVerifier.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.ModBuildConfig.Analyzer.Tests/Framework/DiagnosticVerifier.cs
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ public abstract partial class DiagnosticVerifier
     /// <param name="actualResults">The Diagnostics found by the compiler after running the analyzer on the source code</param>
     /// <param name="analyzer">The analyzer that was being run on the sources</param>
     /// <param name="expectedResults">Diagnostic Results that should have appeared in the code</param>
-    private static void VerifyDiagnosticResults(IEnumerable<Diagnostic> actualResults, DiagnosticAnalyzer analyzer, params DiagnosticResult[] expectedResults)
+    private static void VerifyDiagnosticResults(IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic> actualResults, DiagnosticAnalyzer analyzer, params DiagnosticResult[] expectedResults)
     {
         int expectedCount = expectedResults.Count();
         int actualCount = actualResults.Count();
 
         if (expectedCount != actualCount)
         {
-            string diagnosticsOutput = actualResults.Any() ? DiagnosticVerifier.FormatDiagnostics(analyzer, actualResults.ToArray()) : "    NONE.";
+            string diagnosticsOutput = actualResults.Any() ? DiagnosticVerifier.FormatDiagnostics(analyzer, actualResults) : "    NONE.";
 
             Assert.Fail(
                 string.Format("Mismatch between number of diagnostics returned, expected \"{0}\" actual \"{1}\"\r\n\r\nDiagnostics:\r\n{2}\r\n", expectedCount, actualCount, diagnosticsOutput));
@@ -89,17 +89,17 @@ public abstract partial class DiagnosticVerifier
             else
             {
                 DiagnosticVerifier.VerifyDiagnosticLocation(analyzer, actual, actual.Location, expected.Locations.First());
-                var additionalLocations = actual.AdditionalLocations.ToArray();
+                var additionalLocations = actual.AdditionalLocations;
 
-                if (additionalLocations.Length != expected.Locations.Length - 1)
+                if (additionalLocations.Count != expected.Locations.Length - 1)
                 {
                     Assert.Fail(
                         string.Format("Expected {0} additional locations but got {1} for Diagnostic:\r\n    {2}\r\n",
-                            expected.Locations.Length - 1, additionalLocations.Length,
+                            expected.Locations.Length - 1, additionalLocations.Count,
                             DiagnosticVerifier.FormatDiagnostics(analyzer, actual)));
                 }
 
-                for (int j = 0; j < additionalLocations.Length; ++j)
+                for (int j = 0; j < additionalLocations.Count; ++j)
                 {
                     DiagnosticVerifier.VerifyDiagnosticLocation(analyzer, actual, additionalLocations[j], expected.Locations[j + 1]);
                 }
@@ -176,10 +176,10 @@ public abstract partial class DiagnosticVerifier
     /// <param name="analyzer">The analyzer that this verifier tests</param>
     /// <param name="diagnostics">The Diagnostics to be formatted</param>
     /// <returns>The Diagnostics formatted as a string</returns>
-    private static string FormatDiagnostics(DiagnosticAnalyzer analyzer, params Diagnostic[] diagnostics)
+    private static string FormatDiagnostics(DiagnosticAnalyzer analyzer, params IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic> diagnostics)
     {
         var builder = new StringBuilder();
-        for (int i = 0; i < diagnostics.Length; ++i)
+        for (int i = 0; i < diagnostics.Count; ++i)
         {
             builder.AppendLine("// " + diagnostics[i]);
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public abstract partial class DiagnosticVerifier
                             rule.Id);
                     }
 
-                    if (i != diagnostics.Length - 1)
+                    if (i != diagnostics.Count - 1)
                     {
                         builder.Append(',');
                     }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/Player/ListItemsCommand.cs b/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/Player/ListItemsCommand.cs
index db11f16b..e6735814 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/Player/ListItemsCommand.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/Player/ListItemsCommand.cs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ internal class ListItemsCommand : ConsoleCommand
         // handle
         SearchableItem[] matches =
             (
-                from item in this.GetItems(args.ToArray())
+                from item in this.GetItems(args)
                 orderby item.Type, item.Name
                 select item
             )
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ internal class ListItemsCommand : ConsoleCommand
     *********/
     /// <summary>Get all items which can be searched and added to the player's inventory through the console.</summary>
     /// <param name="searchWords">The search string to find.</param>
-    private IEnumerable<SearchableItem> GetItems(string[] searchWords)
+    private IEnumerable<SearchableItem> GetItems(IReadOnlyList<string> searchWords)
     {
         // normalize search term
         searchWords = searchWords.Where(word => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(word)).ToArray();
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/World/ClearCommand.cs b/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/World/ClearCommand.cs
index 7dab4910..73b0e398 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/World/ClearCommand.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands/Framework/Commands/World/ClearCommand.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ internal class ClearCommand : ConsoleCommand
             case "debris":
                 {
                     int removed = 0;
-                    foreach (var pair in location.terrainFeatures.Pairs.ToArray())
+                    foreach (var pair in location.terrainFeatures.Pairs)
                     {
                         TerrainFeature feature = pair.Value;
                         if (feature is HoeDirt dirt && dirt.crop?.dead.Value is true)
@@ -188,18 +188,7 @@ internal class ClearCommand : ConsoleCommand
     /// <returns>Returns the number of removed entities.</returns>
     private int RemoveTerrainFeatures(GameLocation location, Func<TerrainFeature, bool> shouldRemove)
     {
-        int removed = 0;
-
-        foreach ((Vector2 tile, TerrainFeature? feature) in location.terrainFeatures.Pairs.ToArray())
-        {
-            if (shouldRemove(feature))
-            {
-                location.terrainFeatures.Remove(tile);
-                removed++;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return removed;
+        return location.terrainFeatures.RemoveWhere(pair => shouldRemove(pair.Value));
     }
 
     /// <summary>Remove large terrain features from a location matching a lambda.</summary>
@@ -208,18 +197,7 @@ internal class ClearCommand : ConsoleCommand
     /// <returns>Returns the number of removed entities.</returns>
     private int RemoveLargeTerrainFeatures(GameLocation location, Func<LargeTerrainFeature, bool> shouldRemove)
     {
-        int removed = 0;
-
-        foreach (LargeTerrainFeature feature in location.largeTerrainFeatures.ToArray())
-        {
-            if (shouldRemove(feature))
-            {
-                location.largeTerrainFeatures.Remove(feature);
-                removed++;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return removed;
+        return location.largeTerrainFeatures.RemoveWhere(shouldRemove);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Remove resource clumps from a location matching a lambda.</summary>
@@ -228,15 +206,7 @@ internal class ClearCommand : ConsoleCommand
     /// <returns>Returns the number of removed entities.</returns>
     private int RemoveResourceClumps(GameLocation location, Func<ResourceClump, bool> shouldRemove)
     {
-        int removed = 0;
-
-        foreach (ResourceClump clump in location.resourceClumps.Where(shouldRemove).ToArray())
-        {
-            location.resourceClumps.Remove(clump);
-            removed++;
-        }
-
-        return removed;
+        return location.resourceClumps.RemoveWhere(shouldRemove);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Remove furniture from a location matching a lambda.</summary>
@@ -245,17 +215,6 @@ internal class ClearCommand : ConsoleCommand
     /// <returns>Returns the number of removed entities.</returns>
     private int RemoveFurniture(GameLocation location, Func<Furniture, bool> shouldRemove)
     {
-        int removed = 0;
-
-        foreach (Furniture furniture in location.furniture.ToArray())
-        {
-            if (shouldRemove(furniture))
-            {
-                location.furniture.Remove(furniture);
-                removed++;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return removed;
+        return location.furniture.RemoveWhere(shouldRemove);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Tests/Core/ModResolverTests.cs b/src/SMAPI.Tests/Core/ModResolverTests.cs
index 65075f05..6314c843 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Tests/Core/ModResolverTests.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Tests/Core/ModResolverTests.cs
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class ModResolverTests
     [Test(Description = "Assert that validation doesn't fail if there are no mods installed.")]
     public void ValidateManifests_NoMods_DoesNothing()
     {
-        new ModResolver().ValidateManifests(Array.Empty<ModMetadata>(), apiVersion: new SemanticVersion("1.0.0"), gameVersion: new SemanticVersion("1.0.0"), getUpdateUrl: _ => null, getFileLookup: this.GetFileLookup, validateFilesExist: false);
+        new ModResolver().ValidateManifests([], apiVersion: new SemanticVersion("1.0.0"), gameVersion: new SemanticVersion("1.0.0"), getUpdateUrl: _ => null, getFileLookup: this.GetFileLookup, validateFilesExist: false);
     }
 
     [Test(Description = "Assert that validation skips manifests that have already failed without calling any other properties.")]
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Tests/WikiClient/ChangeDescriptorTests.cs b/src/SMAPI.Tests/WikiClient/ChangeDescriptorTests.cs
index e624cdf9..65283419 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Tests/WikiClient/ChangeDescriptorTests.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Tests/WikiClient/ChangeDescriptorTests.cs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ internal class ChangeDescriptorTests
         ];
 
         // act
-        ChangeDescriptor parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(rawDescriptor, out string[] errors);
+        ChangeDescriptor parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(rawDescriptor, out IReadOnlyList<string> errors);
 
         // assert
         parsed.Add.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedAdd);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ internal class ChangeDescriptorTests
         // act
         ChangeDescriptor parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(
             rawDescriptor,
-            out string[] errors,
+            out IReadOnlyList<string> errors,
             formatValue: raw => SemanticVersion.TryParse(raw, out ISemanticVersion? version)
                 ? version.ToString()
                 : raw
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ internal class ChangeDescriptorTests
     [TestCase("Nexus:2400, Nexus:2401, Nexus:B,Chucklefish:14", "+Nexus:A, Nexus:B, -Chucklefish:14, Nexus:2400 → Nexus:2401, Nexus:A→Nexus:B", ExpectedResult = "Nexus:2401, Nexus:2401, Nexus:B, Nexus:A")]
     public string Apply_Raw(string input, string? descriptor)
     {
-        ChangeDescriptor parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(descriptor, out string[] errors);
+        ChangeDescriptor parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(descriptor, out IReadOnlyList<string> errors);
 
         errors.Should().BeEmpty();
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ internal class ChangeDescriptorTests
     [TestCase("+Nexus:A, Nexus:B, -Chucklefish:14, Nexus:2400 → Nexus:2401, Nexus:A→Nexus:B", ExpectedResult = "+Nexus:A, +Nexus:B, -Chucklefish:14, Nexus:2400 → Nexus:2401, Nexus:A → Nexus:B")]
     public string ToString(string? descriptor)
     {
-        var parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(descriptor, out string[] errors);
+        var parsed = ChangeDescriptor.Parse(descriptor, out IReadOnlyList<string> errors);
 
         errors.Should().BeEmpty();
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/CompatibilityRepo/ChangeDescriptor.cs b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/CompatibilityRepo/ChangeDescriptor.cs
index 29daaf56..eb093ad6 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/CompatibilityRepo/ChangeDescriptor.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/CompatibilityRepo/ChangeDescriptor.cs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public class ChangeDescriptor
     /// <param name="descriptor">The raw change descriptor.</param>
     /// <param name="errors">The human-readable error message describing any invalid values that were ignored.</param>
     /// <param name="formatValue">Format a raw value into a normalized form if needed.</param>
-    public static ChangeDescriptor Parse(string? descriptor, out string[] errors, Func<string, string>? formatValue = null)
+    public static ChangeDescriptor Parse(string? descriptor, out IReadOnlyList<string> errors, Func<string, string>? formatValue = null)
     {
         var parsed = new ChangeDescriptor(formatValue ?? (p => p));
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class ChangeDescriptor
                 }
             }
 
-            errors = rawErrors.ToArray();
+            errors = rawErrors;
         }
         else
             errors = [];
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/WebApi/ModSearchModel.cs b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/WebApi/ModSearchModel.cs
index 96e0c16d..c43eed24 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/WebApi/ModSearchModel.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/Clients/WebApi/ModSearchModel.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Serialization.Converters;
 using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Utilities;
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ public class ModSearchModel
     /// <param name="includeExtendedMetadata">Whether to include extended metadata for each mod.</param>
     public ModSearchModel(ModSearchEntryModel[] mods, ISemanticVersion apiVersion, ISemanticVersion gameVersion, Platform platform, bool includeExtendedMetadata)
     {
-        this.Mods = mods.ToArray();
+        this.Mods = mods;
         this.ApiVersion = apiVersion;
         this.GameVersion = gameVersion;
         this.Platform = platform;
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModData/ModDatabase.cs b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModData/ModDatabase.cs
index ec9749d6..221fa776 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModData/ModDatabase.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModData/ModDatabase.cs
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ public class ModDatabase
     /// <summary>Construct an instance.</summary>
     /// <param name="records">The underlying mod data records indexed by default display name.</param>
     /// <param name="getUpdateUrl">Get an update URL for an update key (if valid).</param>
-    public ModDatabase(IEnumerable<ModDataRecord> records, Func<string, string?> getUpdateUrl)
+    public ModDatabase(ModDataRecord[] records, Func<string, string?> getUpdateUrl)
     {
-        this.Records = records.ToArray();
+        this.Records = records;
         this.GetUpdateUrl = getUpdateUrl;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModScanning/ModScanner.cs b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModScanning/ModScanner.cs
index 306ed64c..03bd482e 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModScanning/ModScanner.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Toolkit/Framework/ModScanning/ModScanner.cs
@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ public class ModScanner
         // set appropriate invalid-mod error
         if (manifestFile == null)
         {
-            FileInfo[] files = this.RecursivelyGetFiles(searchFolder).ToArray();
+            List<FileInfo> files = [];
+            this.RecursivelyGetFiles(searchFolder, files);
+
             FileInfo[] relevantFiles = files.Where(this.IsRelevant).ToArray();
 
             // empty Vortex folder
@@ -293,7 +295,8 @@ public class ModScanner
 
     /// <summary>Recursively get all files in a folder.</summary>
     /// <param name="folder">The root folder to search.</param>
-    private IEnumerable<FileInfo> RecursivelyGetFiles(DirectoryInfo folder)
+    /// <param name="files">The list of files to populate.</param>
+    private void RecursivelyGetFiles(DirectoryInfo folder, List<FileInfo> files)
     {
         foreach (FileSystemInfo entry in folder.GetFileSystemInfos())
         {
@@ -301,13 +304,10 @@ public class ModScanner
                 continue;
 
             if (entry is FileInfo file)
-                yield return file;
+                files.Add(file);
 
             if (entry is DirectoryInfo subfolder)
-            {
-                foreach (FileInfo subfolderFile in this.RecursivelyGetFiles(subfolder))
-                    yield return subfolderFile;
-            }
+                this.RecursivelyGetFiles(subfolder, files);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/Chucklefish/ChucklefishClient.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/Chucklefish/ChucklefishClient.cs
index ab62b03c..8e69eb95 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/Chucklefish/ChucklefishClient.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/Chucklefish/ChucklefishClient.cs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ internal class ChucklefishClient : IChucklefishClient
             name = name.Substring("[SMAPI]".Length).TrimStart();
 
         // return info
-        return page.SetInfo(name: name, version: version, url: url, downloads: Array.Empty<IModDownload>());
+        return page.SetInfo(name: name, version: version, url: url, downloads: []);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/CurseForge/CurseForgeClient.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/CurseForge/CurseForgeClient.cs
index b41413be..e433c2f0 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/CurseForge/CurseForgeClient.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/CurseForge/CurseForgeClient.cs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ internal class CurseForgeClient : ICurseForgeClient
         }
 
         // return info
-        return this.InitModPage(id).SetInfo(name: mod.Name, version: null, url: mod.Links.WebsiteUrl, downloads: downloads);
+        return this.InitModPage(id).SetInfo(name: mod.Name, version: null, url: mod.Links.WebsiteUrl, downloads: downloads.ToArray());
     }
 
     /// <summary>Get a raw version string for a mod file, if available.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/GenericModPage.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/GenericModPage.cs
index 19a42954..36356350 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/GenericModPage.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/GenericModPage.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Linq;
 using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Framework.UpdateData;
 
 namespace StardewModdingAPI.Web.Framework.Clients;
@@ -60,12 +58,12 @@ internal class GenericModPage : IModPage
     /// <param name="version">The mod's semantic version number.</param>
     /// <param name="url">The mod's web URL.</param>
     /// <param name="downloads">The mod downloads.</param>
-    public IModPage SetInfo(string name, string? version, string url, IEnumerable<IModDownload> downloads)
+    public IModPage SetInfo(string name, string? version, string url, IModDownload[] downloads)
     {
         this.Name = name;
         this.Version = version;
         this.Url = url;
-        this.Downloads = downloads.ToArray();
+        this.Downloads = downloads;
         this.Status = RemoteModStatus.Ok;
 
         return this;
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/ModDrop/ModDropClient.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/ModDrop/ModDropClient.cs
index a1376e24..d0db2b7a 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/ModDrop/ModDropClient.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/Clients/ModDrop/ModDropClient.cs
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ internal class ModDropClient : IModDropClient
         // return info
         return this
             .InitModPage(id)
-            .SetInfo(name: mod.Mod.Title, version: null, url: this.GetDefaultModPageUrl(id), downloads: downloads);
+            .SetInfo(name: mod.Mod.Title, version: null, url: this.GetDefaultModPageUrl(id), downloads: downloads.ToArray());
     }
 
     /// <summary>Extract the version number from a ModDrop file's info, if possible.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/IModPage.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/IModPage.cs
index e73744e2..2b193017 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/IModPage.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/Framework/IModPage.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Framework.UpdateData;
 
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ internal interface IModPage
     /// <param name="version">The mod's semantic version number.</param>
     /// <param name="url">The mod's web URL.</param>
     /// <param name="downloads">The mod downloads.</param>
-    IModPage SetInfo(string name, string? version, string url, IEnumerable<IModDownload> downloads);
+    IModPage SetInfo(string name, string? version, string url, IModDownload[] downloads);
 
     /// <summary>Set a mod fetch error.</summary>
     /// <param name="status">The mod availability status on the remote site.</param>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI.Web/ViewModels/ModModel.cs b/src/SMAPI.Web/ViewModels/ModModel.cs
index 6d8c108c..ad720faa 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI.Web/ViewModels/ModModel.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI.Web/ViewModels/ModModel.cs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public class ModModel
     public ModModel(ModCompatibilityEntry entry)
     {
         // basic info
-        this.Id = entry.ID.ToArray();
+        this.Id = entry.ID;
         this.Name = entry.Name.FirstOrDefault();
         this.AlternateNames = entry.Name.Length > 1 ? string.Join(", ", entry.Name.Skip(1)) : null;
         this.Author = entry.Author.FirstOrDefault();
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Constants.cs b/src/SMAPI/Constants.cs
index 89012a19..a7d1deec 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Constants.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Constants.cs
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ public static class Constants
         removeAssemblyReferences.Add("StardewValley");
         targetAssemblies.Add(typeof(StardewValley.Game1).Assembly);
 
-        return new PlatformAssemblyMap(targetPlatform, removeAssemblyReferences.ToArray(), targetAssemblies.ToArray());
+        return new PlatformAssemblyMap(targetPlatform, removeAssemblyReferences, targetAssemblies);
     }
 
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/CommandManager.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/CommandManager.cs
index 78ae466c..e3394082 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/CommandManager.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/CommandManager.cs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ internal class CommandManager
         // parse input
         args = ArgUtility.SplitBySpaceQuoteAware(input);
         name = this.GetNormalizedName(args[0])!;
-        args = args.Skip(1).ToArray();
+        args = ArgUtility.GetSubsetOf(args, startAt: 1);
 
         // get screen ID argument
         screenId = 0;
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HarmonySummaryCommand.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HarmonySummaryCommand.cs
index f318f335..57c3baae 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HarmonySummaryCommand.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HarmonySummaryCommand.cs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ internal class HarmonySummaryCommand : IInternalCommand
             }
 
             // matches individual patchers
-            foreach ((string patcherId, ISet<PatchType> patchTypes) in patch.PatchTypesByOwner.ToArray())
+            foreach ((string patcherId, ISet<PatchType> patchTypes) in patch.PatchTypesByOwner)
             {
                 if (!IsMatch(patcherId) && !patchTypes.Any(type => IsMatch(type.ToString())))
                     patch.PatchTypesByOwner.Remove(patcherId);
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ internal class HarmonySummaryCommand : IInternalCommand
             };
 
             // get patch types by owner
-            var typesByOwner = new Dictionary<string, ISet<PatchType>>();
+            var typesByOwner = new Dictionary<string, HashSet<PatchType>>();
             foreach ((PatchType type, IReadOnlyCollection<Patch> patches) in patchGroups)
             {
                 foreach (Patch patch in patches)
                 {
-                    if (!typesByOwner.TryGetValue(patch.owner, out ISet<PatchType>? patchTypes))
-                        typesByOwner[patch.owner] = patchTypes = new HashSet<PatchType>();
+                    if (!typesByOwner.TryGetValue(patch.owner, out HashSet<PatchType>? patchTypes))
+                        typesByOwner[patch.owner] = patchTypes = [];
                     patchTypes.Add(type);
                 }
             }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ internal class HarmonySummaryCommand : IInternalCommand
         public string MethodDescription { get; }
 
         /// <summary>The patch types by the Harmony instance ID that added them.</summary>
-        public IDictionary<string, ISet<PatchType>> PatchTypesByOwner { get; }
+        public Dictionary<string, HashSet<PatchType>> PatchTypesByOwner { get; }
 
 
         /*********
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ internal class HarmonySummaryCommand : IInternalCommand
         /// <summary>Construct an instance.</summary>
         /// <param name="method">The patched method.</param>
         /// <param name="patchTypesByOwner">The patch types by the Harmony instance ID that added them.</param>
-        public SearchResult(MethodBase method, IDictionary<string, ISet<PatchType>> patchTypesByOwner)
+        public SearchResult(MethodBase method, Dictionary<string, HashSet<PatchType>> patchTypesByOwner)
         {
             this.MethodName = $"{method.DeclaringType?.FullName}.{method.Name}";
             this.MethodDescription = method.FullDescription();
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HelpCommand.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HelpCommand.cs
index 59bd34b4..891130cf 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HelpCommand.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Commands/HelpCommand.cs
@@ -83,12 +83,11 @@ internal class HelpCommand : IInternalCommand
             foreach (var group in groups)
             {
                 string modName = group.Key;
-                string[] commandNames = group.ToArray();
                 message +=
                     $"""
 
                      {modName}:
-                       {string.Join("\n  ", commandNames)}
+                       {string.Join("\n  ", group)}
 
                      """;
             }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentCoordinator.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentCoordinator.cs
index cf241c33..de7150dc 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentCoordinator.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentCoordinator.cs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ internal class ContentCoordinator : IDisposable
     private readonly Action<BaseContentManager, IAssetName> OnAssetLoaded;
 
     /// <summary>A callback to invoke when any asset names have been invalidated from the cache.</summary>
-    private readonly Action<IList<IAssetName>> OnAssetsInvalidated;
+    private readonly Action<ICollection<IAssetName>> OnAssetsInvalidated;
 
     /// <summary>Get the load/edit operations to apply to an asset by querying registered <see cref="IContentEvents.AssetRequested"/> event handlers.</summary>
     private readonly Func<IAssetInfo, AssetOperationGroup?> RequestAssetOperations;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ internal class ContentCoordinator : IDisposable
     /// <param name="getFileLookup">Get a file lookup for the given directory.</param>
     /// <param name="onAssetsInvalidated">A callback to invoke when any asset names have been invalidated from the cache.</param>
     /// <param name="requestAssetOperations">Get the load/edit operations to apply to an asset by querying registered <see cref="IContentEvents.AssetRequested"/> event handlers.</param>
-    public ContentCoordinator(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, string rootDirectory, CultureInfo currentCulture, IMonitor monitor, Multiplayer multiplayer, Reflector reflection, JsonHelper jsonHelper, Action onLoadingFirstAsset, Action<BaseContentManager, IAssetName> onAssetLoaded, Func<string, IFileLookup> getFileLookup, Action<IList<IAssetName>> onAssetsInvalidated, Func<IAssetInfo, AssetOperationGroup?> requestAssetOperations)
+    public ContentCoordinator(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, string rootDirectory, CultureInfo currentCulture, IMonitor monitor, Multiplayer multiplayer, Reflector reflection, JsonHelper jsonHelper, Action onLoadingFirstAsset, Action<BaseContentManager, IAssetName> onAssetLoaded, Func<string, IFileLookup> getFileLookup, Action<ICollection<IAssetName>> onAssetsInvalidated, Func<IAssetInfo, AssetOperationGroup?> requestAssetOperations)
     {
         this.GetFileLookup = getFileLookup;
         this.Monitor = monitor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(monitor));
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ internal class ContentCoordinator : IDisposable
                 this.AssetOperationsByKey.Remove(name);
 
             // raise event
-            this.OnAssetsInvalidated(invalidatedAssets.Keys.ToArray());
+            this.OnAssetsInvalidated(invalidatedAssets.Keys);
 
             // propagate changes to the game
             this.CoreAssets.Propagate(
@@ -460,12 +460,12 @@ internal class ContentCoordinator : IDisposable
             // log summary
             StringBuilder report = new();
             {
-                IAssetName[] invalidatedKeys = invalidatedAssets.Keys.ToArray();
+                ICollection<IAssetName> invalidatedKeys = invalidatedAssets.Keys;
                 IAssetName[] propagatedKeys = propagated.Where(p => p.Value).Select(p => p.Key).ToArray();
 
                 string FormatKeyList(IEnumerable<IAssetName> keys) => string.Join(", ", keys.Select(p => p.Name).OrderBy(p => p, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
 
-                report.AppendLine($"Invalidated {invalidatedKeys.Length} asset names ({FormatKeyList(invalidatedKeys)}).");
+                report.AppendLine($"Invalidated {invalidatedKeys.Count} asset names ({FormatKeyList(invalidatedKeys)}).");
                 report.AppendLine(propagated.Count > 0
                     ? $"Propagated {propagatedKeys.Length} core assets ({FormatKeyList(propagatedKeys)})."
                     : "Propagated 0 core assets."
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentManagers/GameContentManager.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentManagers/GameContentManager.cs
index 94ec24d6..1ec60507 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentManagers/GameContentManager.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ContentManagers/GameContentManager.cs
@@ -228,8 +228,7 @@ internal class GameContentManager : BaseContentManager
         }
 
         // edit asset
-        AssetEditOperation[] editors = editOperations.OrderBy(p => p.Priority).ToArray();
-        foreach (AssetEditOperation editor in editors)
+        foreach (AssetEditOperation editor in editOperations.OrderBy(p => p.Priority))
         {
             IModMetadata mod = editor.Mod;
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Logging/LogManager.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Logging/LogManager.cs
index 59edad26..4d47353e 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Logging/LogManager.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Logging/LogManager.cs
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ internal class LogManager : IDisposable
     /// <param name="logParanoidWarnings">Whether to log issues for mods which directly use potentially sensitive .NET APIs like file or shell access.</param>
     /// <param name="logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods">Whether to include more technical details about broken mods in the TRACE logs. This is mainly useful for creating compatibility rewriters.</param>
     /// <param name="hasHarmonyFix">Whether Harmony was fixed to work with Stardew Valley.</param>
-    public void LogModInfo(IModMetadata[] loaded, IModMetadata[] loadedContentPacks, IModMetadata[] loadedMods, IModMetadata[] skippedMods, bool logParanoidWarnings, bool logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, bool hasHarmonyFix)
+    public void LogModInfo(IModMetadata[] loaded, IModMetadata[] loadedContentPacks, IModMetadata[] loadedMods, IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> skippedMods, bool logParanoidWarnings, bool logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, bool hasHarmonyFix)
     {
         // report malicious mod
         foreach (IModMetadata mod in skippedMods)
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ internal class LogManager : IDisposable
     /// <param name="logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods">Whether to include more technical details about broken mods in the TRACE logs. This is mainly useful for creating compatibility rewriters.</param>
     /// <param name="hasHarmonyFix">Whether Harmony was fixed to work with Stardew Valley.</param>
     [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "ConditionalAccessQualifierIsNonNullableAccordingToAPIContract", Justification = "Manifests aren't guaranteed non-null at this point in the loading process.")]
-    private void LogModWarnings(IEnumerable<IModMetadata> mods, IModMetadata[] skippedMods, bool logParanoidWarnings, bool logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, bool hasHarmonyFix)
+    private void LogModWarnings(IEnumerable<IModMetadata> mods, IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> skippedMods, bool logParanoidWarnings, bool logTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, bool hasHarmonyFix)
     {
         // get mods with warnings
         IModMetadata[] modsWithWarnings = mods
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ internal class LogManager : IDisposable
 
     /// <summary>Group failed mods by the priority players should update them, where mods in earlier groups are more likely to fix multiple mods.</summary>
     /// <param name="failedMods">The failed mods to group.</param>
-    private IEnumerable<IList<IModMetadata>> GroupFailedModsByPriority(IList<IModMetadata> failedMods)
+    private IEnumerable<IList<IModMetadata>> GroupFailedModsByPriority(IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> failedMods)
     {
         var failedOthers = failedMods.ToList();
         var skippedModIds = new HashSet<string>(from mod in failedMods where mod.HasId() select mod.Manifest.UniqueID, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Finders/ReferenceToInvalidMemberFinder.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Finders/ReferenceToInvalidMemberFinder.cs
index ae7dd1f8..6a14c576 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Finders/ReferenceToInvalidMemberFinder.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Finders/ReferenceToInvalidMemberFinder.cs
@@ -63,9 +63,25 @@ internal class ReferenceToInvalidMemberFinder : BaseInstructionHandler
             // wrong return type
             if (methodDef != null && this.ShouldValidate(methodRef.DeclaringType))
             {
-                MethodDefinition[]? candidateMethods = methodRef.DeclaringType.Resolve()?.Methods.Where(found => found.Name == methodRef.Name).ToArray();
-                if (candidateMethods is { Length: > 0 } && candidateMethods.All(method => !RewriteHelper.LooksLikeSameType(method.ReturnType, methodDef.ReturnType)))
-                    this.MarkFlag(InstructionHandleResult.NotCompatible, $"reference to {this.GetMemberDisplayName(methodDef)} (no such method returns {this.GetFriendlyTypeName(methodDef.ReturnType)})");
+                if (methodRef.DeclaringType.Resolve() is { } declaringType)
+                {
+                    bool foundName = false;
+                    bool foundMatch = true;
+
+                    foreach (MethodDefinition method in declaringType.Methods)
+                    {
+                        if (method.Name != methodRef.Name)
+                            continue;
+
+                        foundName = true;
+                        foundMatch = RewriteHelper.LooksLikeSameType(method.ReturnType, methodDef.ReturnType);
+                        if (foundMatch)
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (foundName && !foundMatch)
+                        this.MarkFlag(InstructionHandleResult.NotCompatible, $"reference to {this.GetMemberDisplayName(methodDef)} (no such method returns {this.GetFriendlyTypeName(methodDef.ReturnType)})");
+                }
             }
 
             // missing
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Framework/RewriteHelper.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Framework/RewriteHelper.cs
index ed174ca1..39ea3a5c 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Framework/RewriteHelper.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Framework/RewriteHelper.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using Mono.Cecil;
 using Mono.Cecil.Cil;
+using Mono.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.ModLoading.Framework;
 
@@ -141,8 +142,8 @@ internal static class RewriteHelper
                 return false;
 
             Type[] defGenerics = type.GetGenericArguments();
-            TypeReference[] refGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)reference).GenericArguments.ToArray();
-            if (defGenerics.Length != refGenerics.Length)
+            Collection<TypeReference> refGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)reference).GenericArguments;
+            if (defGenerics.Length != refGenerics.Count)
                 return false;
             for (int i = 0; i < defGenerics.Length; i++)
             {
@@ -173,11 +174,11 @@ internal static class RewriteHelper
             if (!reference.IsGenericInstance)
                 return false;
 
-            TypeReference[] defGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)type).GenericArguments.ToArray();
-            TypeReference[] refGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)reference).GenericArguments.ToArray();
-            if (defGenerics.Length != refGenerics.Length)
+            Collection<TypeReference> defGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)type).GenericArguments;
+            Collection<TypeReference> refGenerics = ((GenericInstanceType)reference).GenericArguments;
+            if (defGenerics.Count != refGenerics.Count)
                 return false;
-            for (int i = 0; i < defGenerics.Length; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < defGenerics.Count; i++)
             {
                 if (!RewriteHelper.IsSameType(defGenerics[i], refGenerics[i]))
                     return false;
@@ -222,10 +223,10 @@ internal static class RewriteHelper
 
         // same arguments
         ParameterInfo[] definitionParameters = definition.GetParameters();
-        ParameterDefinition[] referenceParameters = reference.Parameters.ToArray();
-        if (referenceParameters.Length != definitionParameters.Length)
+        Collection<ParameterDefinition> referenceParameters = reference.Parameters;
+        if (referenceParameters.Count != definitionParameters.Length)
             return false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < referenceParameters.Length; i++)
+        for (int i = 0; i < referenceParameters.Count; i++)
         {
             if (!RewriteHelper.IsSameType(definitionParameters[i].ParameterType, referenceParameters[i].ParameterType))
                 return false;
@@ -247,11 +248,11 @@ internal static class RewriteHelper
             return false;
 
         // same arguments
-        ParameterDefinition[] definitionParameters = definition.Parameters.ToArray();
-        ParameterDefinition[] referenceParameters = reference.Parameters.ToArray();
-        if (referenceParameters.Length != definitionParameters.Length)
+        Collection<ParameterDefinition> definitionParameters = definition.Parameters;
+        Collection<ParameterDefinition> referenceParameters = reference.Parameters;
+        if (referenceParameters.Count != definitionParameters.Count)
             return false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < referenceParameters.Length; i++)
+        for (int i = 0; i < referenceParameters.Count; i++)
         {
             if (!RewriteHelper.IsSameType(definitionParameters[i].ParameterType, referenceParameters[i].ParameterType))
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/ModResolver.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/ModResolver.cs
index 9617f40a..e73e735e 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/ModResolver.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/ModResolver.cs
@@ -85,10 +85,8 @@ internal class ModResolver
     /// <param name="validateFilesExist">Whether to validate that files referenced in the manifest (like <see cref="IManifest.EntryDll"/>) exist on disk. This can be disabled to only validate the manifest itself.</param>
     [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "ConditionalAccessQualifierIsNonNullableAccordingToAPIContract", Justification = "Manifest values may be null before they're validated.")]
     [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "ConditionIsAlwaysTrueOrFalseAccordingToNullableAPIContract", Justification = "Manifest values may be null before they're validated.")]
-    public void ValidateManifests(IEnumerable<IModMetadata> mods, ISemanticVersion apiVersion, ISemanticVersion gameVersion, Func<string, string?> getUpdateUrl, Func<string, IFileLookup> getFileLookup, bool validateFilesExist = true)
+    public void ValidateManifests(IModMetadata[] mods, ISemanticVersion apiVersion, ISemanticVersion gameVersion, Func<string, string?> getUpdateUrl, Func<string, IFileLookup> getFileLookup, bool validateFilesExist = true)
     {
-        mods = mods.ToArray();
-
         // validate each manifest
         foreach (IModMetadata mod in mods)
         {
@@ -223,7 +221,6 @@ internal class ModResolver
     public IEnumerable<IModMetadata> ProcessDependencies(IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> mods, ModDatabase modDatabase)
     {
         // initialize metadata
-        mods = mods.ToArray();
         var sortedMods = new Stack<IModMetadata>();
         var states = mods.ToDictionary(mod => mod, _ => ModDependencyStatus.Queued);
 
@@ -280,10 +277,10 @@ internal class ModResolver
         }
 
         // collect dependencies
-        ModDependency[] dependencies = this.GetDependenciesFrom(mod.Manifest, mods).ToArray();
+        IReadOnlyList<ModDependency> dependencies = this.GetDependenciesFrom(mod.Manifest, mods);
 
         // mark sorted if no dependencies
-        if (dependencies.Length == 0)
+        if (dependencies.Count == 0)
         {
             sortedMods.Push(mod);
             return states[mod] = ModDependencyStatus.Sorted;
@@ -291,41 +288,58 @@ internal class ModResolver
 
         // mark failed if missing dependencies
         {
-            string[] failedModNames = (
-                from entry in dependencies
-                where entry is { IsRequired: true, Mod: null }
+            List<string>? failedModNames = null;
 
-                let dataEntry = modDatabase.Get(entry.ID)
-                where dataEntry?.IgnoreDependencies is not true
+            foreach (ModDependency entry in dependencies)
+            {
+                // skip if not a missing dependency
+                if (entry is not { IsRequired: true, Mod: null })
+                    continue;
 
-                let displayName = dataEntry?.DisplayName ?? entry.ID
-                let modUrl = modDatabase.GetModPageUrlFor(entry.ID)
+                // skip if marked ignore
+                ModDataRecord? dataEntry = modDatabase.Get(entry.ID);
+                if (dataEntry?.IgnoreDependencies is true)
+                    continue;
 
-                orderby displayName
-                select modUrl != null
+                // track as failed
+                string displayName = dataEntry?.DisplayName ?? entry.ID;
+                string? modUrl = modDatabase.GetModPageUrlFor(entry.ID);
+                string formattedName = modUrl != null
                     ? $"{displayName}: {modUrl}"
-                    : displayName
-            ).ToArray();
-            if (failedModNames.Length > 0)
+                    : displayName;
+
+                failedModNames ??= [];
+                failedModNames.Add(formattedName);
+            }
+
+            if (failedModNames != null)
             {
                 sortedMods.Push(mod);
-                mod.SetStatus(ModMetadataStatus.Failed, ModFailReason.MissingDependencies, $"it requires mods which aren't installed ({string.Join(", ", failedModNames)}).");
+                mod.SetStatus(ModMetadataStatus.Failed, ModFailReason.MissingDependencies, $"it requires mods which aren't installed ({string.Join(", ", failedModNames.OrderBy(p => p))}).");
                 return states[mod] = ModDependencyStatus.Failed;
             }
         }
 
         // dependency min version not met, mark failed
         {
-            string[] failedLabels =
-                (
-                    from entry in dependencies
-                    where
-                        entry is { Mod: not null, MinVersion: not null }
-                        && entry.MinVersion.IsNewerThan(entry.Mod.Manifest.Version)
-                    select $"{entry.Mod!.DisplayName} (needs {entry.MinVersion} or later)"
-                )
-                .ToArray();
-            if (failedLabels.Length > 0)
+            List<string>? failedLabels = null;
+
+            foreach (ModDependency entry in dependencies)
+            {
+                // skip if mod isn't loaded with a min version
+                if (entry is not { Mod: not null, MinVersion: not null })
+                    continue;
+
+                // skip if version met
+                if (!entry.MinVersion.IsNewerThan(entry.Mod.Manifest.Version))
+                    continue;
+
+                // track as failed
+                failedLabels ??= [];
+                failedLabels.Add($"{entry.Mod!.DisplayName} (needs {entry.MinVersion} or later)");
+            }
+
+            if (failedLabels != null)
             {
                 sortedMods.Push(mod);
                 mod.SetStatus(ModMetadataStatus.Failed, ModFailReason.MissingDependencies, $"it needs newer versions of some mods: {string.Join(", ", failedLabels)}.");
@@ -389,17 +403,32 @@ internal class ModResolver
     /// <summary>Get the dependencies declared in a manifest.</summary>
     /// <param name="manifest">The mod manifest.</param>
     /// <param name="loadedMods">The loaded mods.</param>
-    private IEnumerable<ModDependency> GetDependenciesFrom(IManifest manifest, IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> loadedMods)
+    private IReadOnlyList<ModDependency> GetDependenciesFrom(IManifest manifest, IReadOnlyList<IModMetadata> loadedMods)
     {
-        IModMetadata? FindMod(string id) => loadedMods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.HasId(id));
+        List<ModDependency>? dependencies = null;
 
         // yield dependencies
         foreach (IManifestDependency entry in manifest.Dependencies)
-            yield return new ModDependency(entry.UniqueID, entry.MinimumVersion, FindMod(entry.UniqueID), entry.IsRequired);
+        {
+            dependencies ??= [];
+            dependencies.Add(new ModDependency(entry.UniqueID, entry.MinimumVersion, FindMod(entry.UniqueID), entry.IsRequired));
+        }
 
         // yield content pack parent
         if (manifest.ContentPackFor != null)
-            yield return new ModDependency(manifest.ContentPackFor.UniqueID, manifest.ContentPackFor.MinimumVersion, FindMod(manifest.ContentPackFor.UniqueID), isRequired: true);
+        {
+            dependencies ??= [];
+            dependencies.Add(new ModDependency(manifest.ContentPackFor.UniqueID, manifest.ContentPackFor.MinimumVersion, FindMod(manifest.ContentPackFor.UniqueID), isRequired: true));
+        }
+
+        return dependencies != null
+            ? dependencies
+            : Array.Empty<ModDependency>();
+
+        IModMetadata? FindMod(string id)
+        {
+            return loadedMods.FirstOrDefault(m => m.HasId(id));
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>Get a technical message indicating why a mod's compatibility status was overridden, if applicable.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/PlatformAssemblyMap.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/PlatformAssemblyMap.cs
index 9e8f71f3..da663ac1 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/PlatformAssemblyMap.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/PlatformAssemblyMap.cs
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ internal class PlatformAssemblyMap : IDisposable
     public readonly Platform TargetPlatform;
 
     /// <summary>The short assembly names to remove as assembly reference, and replace with the <see cref="Targets"/>. These should be short names (like "Stardew Valley").</summary>
-    public readonly string[] RemoveNames;
+    public readonly IReadOnlyList<string> RemoveNames;
 
     /****
     ** Metadata
     ****/
     /// <summary>The assemblies to target. Equivalent types should be rewritten to use these assemblies.</summary>
-    public readonly Assembly[] Targets;
+    public readonly IReadOnlyList<Assembly> Targets;
 
     /// <summary>An assembly => reference cache.</summary>
     public readonly IDictionary<Assembly, AssemblyNameReference> TargetReferences;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ internal class PlatformAssemblyMap : IDisposable
     /// <param name="targetPlatform">The target game platform.</param>
     /// <param name="removeAssemblyNames">The assembly short names to remove (like <c>Stardew Valley</c>).</param>
     /// <param name="targetAssemblies">The assemblies to target.</param>
-    public PlatformAssemblyMap(Platform targetPlatform, string[] removeAssemblyNames, Assembly[] targetAssemblies)
+    public PlatformAssemblyMap(Platform targetPlatform, IReadOnlyList<string> removeAssemblyNames, IReadOnlyList<Assembly> targetAssemblies)
     {
         // save data
         this.TargetPlatform = targetPlatform;
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Rewriters/ReplaceReferencesRewriter.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Rewriters/ReplaceReferencesRewriter.cs
index fc5f3afa..fb6af4b0 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Rewriters/ReplaceReferencesRewriter.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModLoading/Rewriters/ReplaceReferencesRewriter.cs
@@ -349,14 +349,19 @@ internal class ReplaceReferencesRewriter : BaseInstructionHandler
                 // resolve generic method to a specific implementation
                 if (toMethod.DeclaringType?.IsGenericTypeDefinition is true && fromMember.DeclaringType is GenericInstanceType generic)
                 {
-                    Type?[] arguments = generic.GenericArguments.Select(RewriteHelper.GetCSharpType).ToArray();
-                    foreach (Type? argument in arguments)
+                    // get generic argument types
+                    Type[] genericArgTypes = new Type[generic.GenericArguments.Count];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < generic.GenericArguments.Count; i++)
                     {
-                        if (argument is null)
+                        Type? type = RewriteHelper.GetCSharpType(generic.GenericArguments[i]);
+                        if (type is null)
                             return false;
+
+                        genericArgTypes[i] = type;
                     }
 
-                    MethodInfo? newMethod = toMethod.DeclaringType.MakeGenericType(arguments!)?.GetMethod(toMethod.Name);
+                    // get method
+                    MethodInfo? newMethod = toMethod.DeclaringType.MakeGenericType(genericArgTypes!)?.GetMethod(toMethod.Name);
                     if (newMethod is null)
                         return false;
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Networking/ModMessageModel.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Networking/ModMessageModel.cs
index e89cd802..28c7a665 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Networking/ModMessageModel.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Networking/ModMessageModel.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 
@@ -62,8 +61,8 @@ internal class ModMessageModel
     {
         this.FromPlayerId = message.FromPlayerId;
         this.FromModId = message.FromModId;
-        this.ToPlayerIds = message.ToPlayerIds?.ToArray();
-        this.ToModIds = message.ToModIds?.ToArray();
+        this.ToPlayerIds = message.ToPlayerIds;
+        this.ToModIds = message.ToModIds;
         this.Type = message.Type;
         this.Data = message.Data;
     }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
index 6543f17a..eb0ae72f 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
@@ -465,15 +465,15 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
 
             // log loose files
             {
-                string[] looseFiles = new DirectoryInfo(this.ModsPath).GetFiles().Select(p => p.Name).ToArray();
-                if (looseFiles.Any())
+                FileInfo[] looseFiles = new DirectoryInfo(this.ModsPath).GetFiles();
+                if (looseFiles.Length > 0)
                 {
-                    if (looseFiles.Any(name => name.Equals("manifest.json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || name.EndsWith(".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+                    if (looseFiles.Any(file => file.Name.Equals("manifest.json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || file.Name.EndsWith(".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
                     {
                         this.Monitor.Log($"Detected mod files directly inside the '{Path.GetFileName(this.ModsPath)}' folder. These will be ignored. Each mod must have its own subfolder instead.", LogLevel.Error);
                     }
 
-                    this.Monitor.Log($"  Ignored loose files: {string.Join(", ", looseFiles.OrderBy(p => p, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))}");
+                    this.Monitor.Log($"  Ignored loose files: {string.Join(", ", looseFiles.Select(p => p.Name).OrderBy(p => p, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))}");
                 }
             }
 
@@ -481,9 +481,18 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
             IModMetadata[] mods = resolver.ReadManifests(toolkit, this.ModsPath, modBlacklist, modDatabase, useCaseInsensitiveFilePaths: this.Settings.UseCaseInsensitivePaths).ToArray();
 
             // filter out ignored mods
-            foreach (IModMetadata mod in mods.Where(p => p.IsIgnored))
-                this.Monitor.Log($"  Skipped {mod.GetRelativePathWithRoot()} (folder name starts with a dot).");
-            mods = mods.Where(p => !p.IsIgnored).ToArray();
+            {
+                bool anyIgnored = false;
+
+                foreach (IModMetadata mod in mods.Where(p => p.IsIgnored))
+                {
+                    anyIgnored = true;
+                    this.Monitor.Log($"  Skipped {mod.GetRelativePathWithRoot()} (folder name starts with a dot).");
+                }
+
+                if (anyIgnored)
+                    mods = mods.Where(p => !p.IsIgnored).ToArray();
+            }
 
             // validate manifests
             resolver.ValidateManifests(mods, Constants.ApiVersion, Constants.GameVersion, toolkit.GetUpdateUrl, getFileLookup: this.GetFileLookup);
@@ -994,8 +1003,8 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
                     // location list changes
                     if (state.Locations.LocationList.IsChanged && (events.LocationListChanged.HasListeners || verbose))
                     {
-                        var added = state.Locations.LocationList.Added.ToArray();
-                        var removed = state.Locations.LocationList.Removed.ToArray();
+                        var added = state.Locations.LocationList.Added;
+                        var removed = state.Locations.LocationList.Removed;
 
                         if (verbose)
                         {
@@ -1400,7 +1409,7 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
 
     /// <summary>A callback invoked after assets have been invalidated from the content cache.</summary>
     /// <param name="assetNames">The invalidated asset names.</param>
-    private void OnAssetsInvalidated(IList<IAssetName> assetNames)
+    private void OnAssetsInvalidated(ICollection<IAssetName> assetNames)
     {
         if (this.EventManager.AssetsInvalidated.HasListeners)
             this.EventManager.AssetsInvalidated.Raise(new AssetsInvalidatedEventArgs(assetNames, assetNames.Select(p => p.GetBaseAssetName())));
@@ -1730,7 +1739,7 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
                                 .GetUpdateKeys(validOnly: true)
                                 .Select(p => p.ToString())
                                 .ToArray();
-                            searchMods.Add(new ModSearchEntryModel(mod.Manifest.UniqueID, mod.Manifest.Version, updateKeys.ToArray(), isBroken: mod.Status == ModMetadataStatus.Failed));
+                            searchMods.Add(new ModSearchEntryModel(mod.Manifest.UniqueID, mod.Manifest.Version, updateKeys, isBroken: mod.Status == ModMetadataStatus.Failed));
                         }
 
                         // fetch results
@@ -1955,7 +1964,7 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
         this.Monitor.Log("Loading mods...", LogLevel.Debug);
 
         // load mods
-        IList<IModMetadata> skippedMods = new List<IModMetadata>();
+        List<IModMetadata> skippedMods = [];
         using (AssemblyLoader modAssemblyLoader = new(Constants.Platform, this.Monitor, this.Settings.ParanoidWarnings, this.Settings.RewriteMods, this.Settings.LogTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods))
         {
             // init
@@ -1981,7 +1990,7 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
         this.ModRegistry.AreAllModsLoaded = true;
 
         // log mod info
-        this.LogManager.LogModInfo(loaded, loadedContentPacks, loadedMods, skippedMods.ToArray(), this.Settings.ParanoidWarnings, this.Settings.LogTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, this.Settings.FixHarmony);
+        this.LogManager.LogModInfo(loaded, loadedContentPacks, loadedMods, skippedMods, this.Settings.ParanoidWarnings, this.Settings.LogTechnicalDetailsForBrokenMods, this.Settings.FixHarmony);
 
         // initialize translations
         this.ReloadTranslations(loaded);
@@ -2458,12 +2467,12 @@ internal class SCore : IDisposable
         }
 
         // validate translations
-        foreach (string locale in translations.Keys.ToArray())
+        foreach (string locale in translations.Keys)
         {
             // handle duplicates
             HashSet<string> keys = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
             HashSet<string> duplicateKeys = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-            foreach (string key in translations[locale].Keys.ToArray())
+            foreach (string key in translations[locale].Keys)
             {
                 if (!keys.Add(key))
                 {
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotItemListDiff.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotItemListDiff.cs
index 89630d24..8e851b49 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotItemListDiff.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotItemListDiff.cs
@@ -49,13 +49,24 @@ internal class SnapshotItemListDiff
     /// <returns>Returns whether anything changed.</returns>
     public static bool TryGetChanges(ISet<Item> added, ISet<Item> removed, IDictionary<Item, int> stackSizes, [NotNullWhen(true)] out SnapshotItemListDiff? changes)
     {
-        KeyValuePair<Item, int>[] sizesChanged = stackSizes.Where(p => p.Key.Stack != p.Value).ToArray();
-        if (sizesChanged.Length > 0 || added.Count > 0 || removed.Count > 0)
+        // detect item stack size changes
+        List<ItemStackSizeChange>? sizesChanges = null;
+        foreach ((Item item, int oldStack) in stackSizes)
+        {
+            if (item.Stack != oldStack)
+            {
+                sizesChanges ??= [];
+                sizesChanges.Add(new ItemStackSizeChange(item, oldStack, item.Stack));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // build diff if needed
+        if (added.Count > 0 || removed.Count > 0 || sizesChanges != null)
         {
             changes = new SnapshotItemListDiff(
                 added: added.ToArray(),
                 removed: removed.ToArray(),
-                sizesChanged: sizesChanged.Select(p => new ItemStackSizeChange(p.Key, p.Value, p.Key.Stack)).ToArray()
+                sizesChanged: sizesChanges?.ToArray() ?? []
             );
             return true;
         }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotListDiff.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotListDiff.cs
index 1ffe6984..cda44527 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotListDiff.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SnapshotListDiff.cs
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ internal class SnapshotListDiff<T>
     public bool IsChanged { get; private set; }
 
     /// <summary>The removed values.</summary>
-    public IEnumerable<T> Removed => this.RemovedImpl;
+    public IReadOnlyList<T> Removed => this.RemovedImpl;
 
     /// <summary>The added values.</summary>
-    public IEnumerable<T> Added => this.AddedImpl;
+    public IReadOnlyList<T> Added => this.AddedImpl;
 
 
     /*********
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Integrations/GenericModConfigMenu/GenericModConfigMenuIntegration.cs b/src/SMAPI/Integrations/GenericModConfigMenu/GenericModConfigMenuIntegration.cs
index 1c257d5c..d4b5e988 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Integrations/GenericModConfigMenu/GenericModConfigMenuIntegration.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Integrations/GenericModConfigMenu/GenericModConfigMenuIntegration.cs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Integrations.GenericModConfigMenu
                     tooltip: () => this.Translations.Get("config.color-scheme.desc"),
                     getValue: () => getConfig().ConsoleColorScheme.ToString(),
                     setValue: value => this.StageOption(nameof(SConfig.ConsoleColorScheme), value),
-                    allowedValues: Enum.GetValues<MonitorColorScheme>().Select(p => p.ToString()).ToArray(),
+                    allowedValues: Enum.GetNames<MonitorColorScheme>(),
                     formatAllowedValue: value => this.Translations.Get(
                         value is nameof(MonitorColorScheme.AutoDetect) && Constants.Platform == Platform.Windows
                             ? $"config.color-scheme.options.{value}.on-windows"
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Metadata/CoreAssetPropagator.cs b/src/SMAPI/Metadata/CoreAssetPropagator.cs
index d810a955..50c14ab9 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Metadata/CoreAssetPropagator.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Metadata/CoreAssetPropagator.cs
@@ -581,29 +581,31 @@ internal class CoreAssetPropagator
     /// <returns>Returns whether any NPCs were updated.</returns>
     private bool UpdateNpcDialogue(IAssetName assetName)
     {
-        // get NPCs
         string name = Path.GetFileName(assetName.BaseName);
-        NPC[] villagers = this.GetCharacters().Where(npc => npc.Name == name && npc.IsVillager).ToArray();
-        if (!villagers.Any())
-            return false;
 
         // update dialogue
         // Note that marriage dialogue isn't reloaded after reset, but it doesn't need to be
         // propagated anyway since marriage dialogue keys can't be added/removed and the field
         // doesn't store the text itself.
-        foreach (NPC villager in villagers)
+        bool anyChanged = false;
+        foreach (NPC npc in this.GetCharacters())
         {
-            bool shouldSayMarriageDialogue = villager.shouldSayMarriageDialogue.Value;
-            MarriageDialogueReference[] marriageDialogue = villager.currentMarriageDialogue.ToArray();
+            if (npc.Name != name || !npc.IsVillager)
+                continue;
 
-            villager.resetSeasonalDialogue(); // doesn't only affect seasonal dialogue
-            villager.resetCurrentDialogue();
+            bool shouldSayMarriageDialogue = npc.shouldSayMarriageDialogue.Value;
+            MarriageDialogueReference[] marriageDialogue = npc.currentMarriageDialogue.ToArray();
 
-            villager.shouldSayMarriageDialogue.Set(shouldSayMarriageDialogue);
-            villager.currentMarriageDialogue.Set(marriageDialogue);
+            npc.resetSeasonalDialogue(); // doesn't only affect seasonal dialogue
+            npc.resetCurrentDialogue();
+
+            npc.shouldSayMarriageDialogue.Set(shouldSayMarriageDialogue);
+            npc.currentMarriageDialogue.Set(marriageDialogue);
+
+            anyChanged = true;
         }
 
-        return true;
+        return anyChanged;
     }
 
     /// <summary>Update the character data for matching NPCs.</summary>
@@ -621,33 +623,36 @@ internal class CoreAssetPropagator
     /// <returns>Returns whether any NPCs were updated.</returns>
     private bool UpdateNpcSchedules(IAssetName assetName)
     {
-        // get NPCs
         string name = Path.GetFileName(assetName.BaseName);
-        NPC[] villagers = this.GetCharacters().Where(npc => npc.Name == name && npc.IsVillager).ToArray();
-        if (!villagers.Any())
-            return false;
 
-        // update schedule
-        foreach (NPC villager in villagers)
+        // update schedules
+        bool anyChanged = false;
+        foreach (NPC npc in this.GetCharacters())
         {
+            if (npc.Name != name || !npc.IsVillager)
+                continue;
+
             // reload schedule
-            this.Reflection.GetField<bool>(villager, "_hasLoadedMasterScheduleData").SetValue(false);
-            this.Reflection.GetField<Dictionary<string, string>?>(villager, "_masterScheduleData").SetValue(null);
-            villager.TryLoadSchedule();
+            this.Reflection.GetField<bool>(npc, "_hasLoadedMasterScheduleData").SetValue(false);
+            this.Reflection.GetField<Dictionary<string, string>?>(npc, "_masterScheduleData").SetValue(null);
+            npc.TryLoadSchedule();
 
             // switch to new schedule if needed
-            if (villager.Schedule != null)
+            if (npc.Schedule != null)
             {
-                int lastScheduleTime = villager.Schedule.Keys.Where(p => p <= Game1.timeOfDay).OrderByDescending(p => p).FirstOrDefault();
+                int lastScheduleTime = npc.Schedule.Keys.Where(p => p <= Game1.timeOfDay).OrderByDescending(p => p).FirstOrDefault();
                 if (lastScheduleTime != 0)
                 {
-                    villager.queuedSchedulePaths.Clear();
-                    villager.lastAttemptedSchedule = 0;
-                    villager.checkSchedule(lastScheduleTime);
+                    npc.queuedSchedulePaths.Clear();
+                    npc.lastAttemptedSchedule = 0;
+                    npc.checkSchedule(lastScheduleTime);
                 }
             }
+
+            anyChanged = true;
         }
-        return true;
+
+        return anyChanged;
     }
 
     /// <summary>Update cached translations from the <c>Strings\StringsFromCSFiles</c> asset.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Utilities/Keybind.cs b/src/SMAPI/Utilities/Keybind.cs
index ad7ad14a..bf3e7597 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Utilities/Keybind.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Utilities/Keybind.cs
@@ -106,28 +106,53 @@ public class Keybind
     /// <summary>Get the keybind state relative to the previous tick.</summary>
     public SButtonState GetState()
     {
-#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete: deliberate call to GetButtonState() for unit tests
-        SButtonState[] states = this.Buttons.Select(this.GetButtonState).Distinct().ToArray();
-#pragma warning restore CS0618
-
-        // single state
-        if (states.Length == 1)
-            return states[0];
-
-        // if any key has no state, the whole set wasn't enabled last tick
-        if (states.Contains(SButtonState.None))
+        if (!this.IsBound)
             return SButtonState.None;
 
-        // mix of held + pressed => pressed
-        if (states.All(p => p is SButtonState.Pressed or SButtonState.Held))
-            return SButtonState.Pressed;
+        bool anyPressed = false;
+        bool anyHeld = false;
+        bool anyReleased = false;
 
-        // mix of held + released => released
-        if (states.All(p => p is SButtonState.Held or SButtonState.Released))
-            return SButtonState.Released;
+        foreach (SButton button in this.Buttons)
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete: deliberate call to GetButtonState() for unit tests
+            switch (this.GetButtonState(button))
+#pragma warning restore CS0618
+            {
+                case SButtonState.Pressed:
+                    anyPressed = true;
+                    break;
 
-        // not down last tick or now
-        return SButtonState.None;
+                case SButtonState.Held:
+                    anyHeld = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case SButtonState.Released:
+                    anyReleased = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case SButtonState.None:
+                default:
+                    return SButtonState.None; // if any key has no state, then the whole set was inactive last + cur tick
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (anyPressed, anyHeld, anyReleased) switch
+        {
+            // single state
+            (true, false, false) => SButtonState.Pressed,
+            (false, true, false) => SButtonState.Held,
+            (false, false, true) => SButtonState.Released,
+
+            // held + pressed => pressed
+            (true, true, false) => SButtonState.Pressed,
+
+            // held + released => released
+            (false, true, true) => SButtonState.Released,
+
+            // any other combination => inactive (i.e. it wasn't fully down last tick or this tick)
+            _ => SButtonState.None
+        };
     }
 
     /// <summary>Get a string representation of the keybind.</summary>
@@ -136,6 +161,6 @@ public class Keybind
     {
         return this.Buttons.Length > 0
             ? string.Join(" + ", this.Buttons)
-            : SButton.None.ToString();
+            : nameof(SButton.None);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Utilities/PerScreen.cs b/src/SMAPI/Utilities/PerScreen.cs
index 4fbbd0cd..379f476a 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Utilities/PerScreen.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Utilities/PerScreen.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
 
 namespace StardewModdingAPI.Utilities;
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ public class PerScreen<T>
     public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<int, T>> GetActiveValues()
     {
         this.RemoveDeadScreens();
-        return this.States.ToArray();
+        return this.States;
     }
 
     /// <summary>Get the value for a given screen ID, creating it if needed.</summary>
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ public class PerScreen<T>
     /// <param name="shouldRemove">Returns whether a screen ID should be removed.</param>
     private void RemoveScreens(Func<int, bool> shouldRemove)
     {
-        foreach (var pair in this.States.ToArray())
+        foreach (var pair in this.States)
         {
             if (shouldRemove(pair.Key))
                 this.States.Remove(pair.Key);