Adding example source to support MCJIT/Kaleidoscope blog posts.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@186854 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
+//                          Kaleidoscope with MCJIT
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The files in this directory are meant to accompany a series of blog posts
+that describe the process of porting the Kaleidoscope tutorial to use the MCJIT
+execution engine instead of the older JIT engine.
+
+When the blog posts are ready this file will be updated with links to the posts.
+
+These directories contain Makefiles that allow the code to be built in a
+standalone manner, independent of the larger LLVM build infrastructure.

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/cached/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+all: toy-mcjit toy-jit toy-ir-gen
+
+toy-mcjit : toy.cpp
+	clang++ toy.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core mcjit native irreader` -o toy-mcjit
+
+toy-jit : toy-jit.cpp
+	clang++ toy-jit.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit native irreader` -o toy-jit
+
+# This is a special build for the purpose of converting Kaleidoscope input to an IR file
+toy-ir-gen : toy-jit.cpp
+	clang++ toy-jit.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti -DDUMP_FINAL_MODULE `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit native irreader` -o toy-ir-gen

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/cached/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
+//                          Kaleidoscope with MCJIT
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The files in this directory are meant to accompany the first in a series of
+three blog posts that describe the process of porting the Kaleidoscope tutorial
+to use the MCJIT execution engine instead of the older JIT engine.
+
+When the blog post is ready this file will be updated with a link to the post.
+
+The source code in this directory demonstrates the third version of the
+program, now modified to accept an input IR file on the command line and,
+optionally, to use a basic caching mechanism to store generated object images.
+
+The toy-jit.cpp file contains a version of the original JIT-based source code
+that has been modified to support the input IR file command line option.
+
+This directory contain a Makefile that allow the code to be built in a
+standalone manner, independent of the larger LLVM build infrastructure. To build
+the program you will need to have 'clang++' and 'llvm-config' in your path. If
+you attempt to build using the LLVM 3.3 release, some minor modifications will
+be required.
+
+This directory also contains a Python script that may be used to generate random
+input for the program and test scripts to capture data for rough performance
+comparisons.  Another Python script will split generated input files into
+definitions and function calls for the purpose of testing the IR input and
+caching facilities.

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/cached/genk-timing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+import random
+
+class TimingScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, scriptname, outputname):
+        self.timeFile = outputname
+        self.shfile = open(scriptname, 'w')
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" > %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+    def writeTimingCall(self, filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, totalCalls):
+        """Echo some comments and invoke both versions of toy"""
+        rootname = filename
+        if '.' in filename:
+            rootname = filename[:filename.rfind('.')]
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"%s: Calls %d of %d functions, %d total\" >> %s\n" % (filename, funcsCalled, numFuncs, totalCalls, self.timeFile))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-mcjit < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With JIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-jit < %s > %s-jit.out 2> %s-jit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+class KScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate random Kaleidoscope code"""
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.kfile = open(filename, 'w')
+        self.nextFuncNum = 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = None
+        self.callWeighting = 0.1
+        # A mapping of calls within functions with no duplicates
+        self.calledFunctionTable = {}
+        # A list of function calls which will actually be executed
+        self.calledFunctions = []
+        # A comprehensive mapping of calls within functions
+        # used for computing the total number of calls
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable = {}
+        self.totalCallsExecuted = 0
+
+    def updateTotalCallCount(self, callee):
+        # Count this call
+        self.totalCallsExecuted += 1
+        # Then count all the functions it calls
+        if callee in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            for child in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateTotalCallCount(child)
+
+    def updateFunctionCallMap(self, caller, callee):
+        """Maintains a map of functions that are called from other functions"""
+        if not caller in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        if not callee in self.calledFunctionTable[caller]:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+        if not caller in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+
+    def updateCalledFunctionList(self, callee):
+        """Maintains a list of functions that will actually be called"""
+        # Update the total call count
+        self.updateTotalCallCount(callee)
+        # If this function is already in the list, don't do anything else
+        if callee in self.calledFunctions:
+            return
+        # Add this function to the list of those that will be called.
+        self.calledFunctions.append(callee)
+        # If this function calls other functions, add them too
+        if callee in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            for subCallee in self.calledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateCalledFunctionList(subCallee)
+
+    def setCallWeighting(self, weight):
+        """ Sets the probably of generating a function call"""
+        self.callWeighting = weight
+
+    def writeln(self, line):
+        self.kfile.write(line + '\n')
+
+    def writeComment(self, comment):
+        self.writeln('# ' + comment)
+
+    def writeEmptyLine(self):
+        self.writeln("")
+
+    def writePredefinedFunctions(self):
+        self.writeComment("Define ':' for sequencing: as a low-precedence operator that ignores operands")
+        self.writeComment("and just returns the RHS.")
+        self.writeln("def binary : 1 (x y) y;")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Helper functions defined within toy")
+        self.writeln("extern putchard(x);")
+        self.writeln("extern printd(d);")
+        self.writeln("extern printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Print the result of a function call")
+        self.writeln("def printresult(N Result)")
+        self.writeln("  # 'result('")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(114) : putchard(101) : putchard(115) : putchard(117) : putchard(108) : putchard(116) : putchard(40) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(N) :");
+        self.writeln("  # ') = '")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(41) : putchard(32) : putchard(61) : putchard(32) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(Result) :");
+        self.writeln("  printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeRandomOperation(self, LValue, LHS, RHS):
+        shouldCallFunc = (self.lastFuncNum > 2 and random.random() < self.callWeighting)
+        if shouldCallFunc:
+            funcToCall = random.randrange(1, self.lastFuncNum - 1)
+            self.updateFunctionCallMap(self.lastFuncNum, funcToCall)
+            self.writeln("  %s = func%d(%s, %s) :" % (LValue, funcToCall, LHS, RHS))
+        else:
+            possibleOperations = ["+", "-", "*", "/"]
+            operation = random.choice(possibleOperations)
+            if operation == "-":
+                # Don't let our intermediate value become zero
+                # This is complicated by the fact that '<' is our only comparison operator
+                self.writeln("  if %s < %s then" % (LHS, RHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else if %s < %s then" % (RHS, LHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else")
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %f :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, random.uniform(1, 100)))
+            else:
+                self.writeln("  %s = %s %s %s :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+
+    def getNextFuncNum(self):
+        result = self.nextFuncNum
+        self.nextFuncNum += 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = result
+        return result
+
+    def writeFunction(self, elements):
+        funcNum = self.getNextFuncNum()
+        self.writeComment("Auto-generated function number %d" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("def func%d(X Y)" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("  var temp1 = X,")
+        self.writeln("      temp2 = Y,")
+        self.writeln("      temp3 in")
+        # Initialize the variable names to be rotated
+        first = "temp3"
+        second = "temp1"
+        third = "temp2"
+        # Write some random operations
+        for i in range(elements):
+            self.writeRandomOperation(first, second, third)
+            # Rotate the variables
+            temp = first
+            first = second
+            second = third
+            third = temp
+        self.writeln("  " + third + ";")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeFunctionCall(self):
+        self.writeComment("Call the last function")
+        arg1 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        arg2 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        self.writeln("printresult(%d, func%d(%f, %f) )" % (self.lastFuncNum, self.lastFuncNum, arg1, arg2))
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.updateCalledFunctionList(self.lastFuncNum)
+
+    def writeFinalFunctionCounts(self):
+        self.writeComment("Called %d of %d functions" % (len(self.calledFunctions), self.lastFuncNum))
+
+def generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript):
+    """ Generate a random Kaleidoscope script based on the given parameters """
+    print "Generating " + filename
+    print("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution" %
+          (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    print("  Call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script = KScriptGenerator(filename)
+    script.setCallWeighting(callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeComment("Auto-generated script")
+    script.writeComment("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution"
+                         % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    script.writeComment("  call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writePredefinedFunctions()
+    funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    for i in range(numFuncs):
+        script.writeFunction(elementsPerFunc)
+        funcsSinceLastExec += 1
+        if funcsSinceLastExec == funcsBetweenExec:
+            script.writeFunctionCall()
+            funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    # Always end with a function call
+    if funcsSinceLastExec > 0:
+        script.writeFunctionCall()
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writeFinalFunctionCounts()
+    funcsCalled = len(script.calledFunctions)
+    print "  Called %d of %d functions, %d total" % (funcsCalled, numFuncs, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+    timingScript.writeTimingCall(filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+
+# Execution begins here
+random.seed()
+
+timingScript = TimingScriptGenerator("time-toy.sh", "timing-data.txt")
+
+dataSets = [(5000, 3,  50, 0.50), (5000, 10, 100, 0.10), (5000, 10, 5, 0.10), (5000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            (1000, 3,  10, 0.50), (1000, 10, 100, 0.10), (1000, 10, 5, 0.10), (1000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            ( 200, 3,   2, 0.50), ( 200, 10,  40, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 2, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 1, 0.0)]
+
+# Generate the code
+for (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting) in dataSets:
+    filename = "test-%d-%d-%d-%d.k" % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, int(callWeighting * 100))
+    generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript)
+print "All done!"

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/cached/split-lib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+class TimingScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, scriptname, outputname):
+        self.shfile = open(scriptname, 'w')
+        self.timeFile = outputname
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" > %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+    def writeTimingCall(self, irname, callname):
+        """Echo some comments and invoke both versions of toy"""
+        rootname = irname
+        if '.' in irname:
+            rootname = irname[:irname.rfind('.')]
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"%s: Calls %s\" >> %s\n" % (callname, irname, self.timeFile))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-mcjit -use-object-cache -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT again\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-mcjit -use-object-cache -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With JIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-jit -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+class LibScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will convert Kaleidoscope files to IR"""
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.shfile = open(filename, 'w')
+
+    def writeLibGenCall(self, libname, irname):
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-ir-gen < %s 2> %s\n" % (libname, irname))
+
+def splitScript(inputname, libGenScript, timingScript):
+  rootname = inputname[:-2]
+  libname = rootname + "-lib.k"
+  irname = rootname + "-lib.ir"
+  callname = rootname + "-call.k"
+  infile = open(inputname, "r")
+  libfile = open(libname, "w")
+  callfile = open(callname, "w")
+  print "Splitting %s into %s and %s" % (inputname, callname, libname)
+  for line in infile:
+    if not line.startswith("#"):
+      if line.startswith("print"):
+        callfile.write(line)
+      else:
+        libfile.write(line)
+  libGenScript.writeLibGenCall(libname, irname)
+  timingScript.writeTimingCall(irname, callname)
+
+# Execution begins here
+libGenScript = LibScriptGenerator("make-libs.sh")
+timingScript = TimingScriptGenerator("time-lib.sh", "lib-timing.txt")
+
+script_list = ["test-5000-3-50-50.k", "test-5000-10-100-10.k", "test-5000-10-5-10.k", "test-5000-10-1-0.k", 
+               "test-1000-3-10-50.k", "test-1000-10-100-10.k", "test-1000-10-5-10.k", "test-1000-10-1-0.k",
+               "test-200-3-2-50.k", "test-200-10-40-10.k", "test-200-10-2-10.k", "test-200-10-1-0.k"]
+
+for script in script_list:
+  splitScript(script, libGenScript, timingScript)
+print "All done!"

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/complete/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+all: toy
+
+toy : toy.cpp
+	clang++ toy.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit mcjit native irreader` -o toy

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/complete/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
+//                          Kaleidoscope with MCJIT
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The files in this directory are meant to accompany the first in a series of
+three blog posts that describe the process of porting the Kaleidoscope tutorial
+to use the MCJIT execution engine instead of the older JIT engine.
+
+When the blog post is ready this file will be updated with a link to the post.
+
+The source code in this directory combines all previous versions, including the
+old JIT-based implementation, into a single file for easy comparison with
+command line options to select between the various possibilities.
+
+This directory contain a Makefile that allow the code to be built in a
+standalone manner, independent of the larger LLVM build infrastructure. To build
+the program you will need to have 'clang++' and 'llvm-config' in your path. If
+you attempt to build using the LLVM 3.3 release, some minor modifications will
+be required.
+
+This directory also contains a Python script that may be used to generate random
+input for the program and test scripts to capture data for rough performance
+comparisons.  Another Python script will split generated input files into
+definitions and function calls for the purpose of testing the IR input and
+caching facilities.

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/complete/genk-timing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+import random
+
+class TimingScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, scriptname, outputname):
+        self.timeFile = outputname
+        self.shfile = open(scriptname, 'w')
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" > %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+    def writeTimingCall(self, filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, totalCalls):
+        """Echo some comments and invoke both versions of toy"""
+        rootname = filename
+        if '.' in filename:
+            rootname = filename[:filename.rfind('.')]
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"%s: Calls %d of %d functions, %d total\" >> %s\n" % (filename, funcsCalled, numFuncs, totalCalls, self.timeFile))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT (original)\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=true -enable-lazy-compilation=false < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT (lazy)\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=true -enable-lazy-compilation=true < %s > %s-mcjit-lazy.out 2> %s-mcjit-lazy.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With JIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=false < %s > %s-jit.out 2> %s-jit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+class KScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate random Kaleidoscope code"""
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.kfile = open(filename, 'w')
+        self.nextFuncNum = 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = None
+        self.callWeighting = 0.1
+        # A mapping of calls within functions with no duplicates
+        self.calledFunctionTable = {}
+        # A list of function calls which will actually be executed
+        self.calledFunctions = []
+        # A comprehensive mapping of calls within functions
+        # used for computing the total number of calls
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable = {}
+        self.totalCallsExecuted = 0
+
+    def updateTotalCallCount(self, callee):
+        # Count this call
+        self.totalCallsExecuted += 1
+        # Then count all the functions it calls
+        if callee in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            for child in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateTotalCallCount(child)
+
+    def updateFunctionCallMap(self, caller, callee):
+        """Maintains a map of functions that are called from other functions"""
+        if not caller in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        if not callee in self.calledFunctionTable[caller]:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+        if not caller in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+
+    def updateCalledFunctionList(self, callee):
+        """Maintains a list of functions that will actually be called"""
+        # Update the total call count
+        self.updateTotalCallCount(callee)
+        # If this function is already in the list, don't do anything else
+        if callee in self.calledFunctions:
+            return
+        # Add this function to the list of those that will be called.
+        self.calledFunctions.append(callee)
+        # If this function calls other functions, add them too
+        if callee in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            for subCallee in self.calledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateCalledFunctionList(subCallee)
+
+    def setCallWeighting(self, weight):
+        """ Sets the probably of generating a function call"""
+        self.callWeighting = weight
+
+    def writeln(self, line):
+        self.kfile.write(line + '\n')
+
+    def writeComment(self, comment):
+        self.writeln('# ' + comment)
+
+    def writeEmptyLine(self):
+        self.writeln("")
+
+    def writePredefinedFunctions(self):
+        self.writeComment("Define ':' for sequencing: as a low-precedence operator that ignores operands")
+        self.writeComment("and just returns the RHS.")
+        self.writeln("def binary : 1 (x y) y;")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Helper functions defined within toy")
+        self.writeln("extern putchard(x);")
+        self.writeln("extern printd(d);")
+        self.writeln("extern printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Print the result of a function call")
+        self.writeln("def printresult(N Result)")
+        self.writeln("  # 'result('")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(114) : putchard(101) : putchard(115) : putchard(117) : putchard(108) : putchard(116) : putchard(40) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(N) :");
+        self.writeln("  # ') = '")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(41) : putchard(32) : putchard(61) : putchard(32) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(Result) :");
+        self.writeln("  printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeRandomOperation(self, LValue, LHS, RHS):
+        shouldCallFunc = (self.lastFuncNum > 2 and random.random() < self.callWeighting)
+        if shouldCallFunc:
+            funcToCall = random.randrange(1, self.lastFuncNum - 1)
+            self.updateFunctionCallMap(self.lastFuncNum, funcToCall)
+            self.writeln("  %s = func%d(%s, %s) :" % (LValue, funcToCall, LHS, RHS))
+        else:
+            possibleOperations = ["+", "-", "*", "/"]
+            operation = random.choice(possibleOperations)
+            if operation == "-":
+                # Don't let our intermediate value become zero
+                # This is complicated by the fact that '<' is our only comparison operator
+                self.writeln("  if %s < %s then" % (LHS, RHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else if %s < %s then" % (RHS, LHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else")
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %f :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, random.uniform(1, 100)))
+            else:
+                self.writeln("  %s = %s %s %s :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+
+    def getNextFuncNum(self):
+        result = self.nextFuncNum
+        self.nextFuncNum += 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = result
+        return result
+
+    def writeFunction(self, elements):
+        funcNum = self.getNextFuncNum()
+        self.writeComment("Auto-generated function number %d" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("def func%d(X Y)" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("  var temp1 = X,")
+        self.writeln("      temp2 = Y,")
+        self.writeln("      temp3 in")
+        # Initialize the variable names to be rotated
+        first = "temp3"
+        second = "temp1"
+        third = "temp2"
+        # Write some random operations
+        for i in range(elements):
+            self.writeRandomOperation(first, second, third)
+            # Rotate the variables
+            temp = first
+            first = second
+            second = third
+            third = temp
+        self.writeln("  " + third + ";")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeFunctionCall(self):
+        self.writeComment("Call the last function")
+        arg1 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        arg2 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        self.writeln("printresult(%d, func%d(%f, %f) )" % (self.lastFuncNum, self.lastFuncNum, arg1, arg2))
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.updateCalledFunctionList(self.lastFuncNum)
+
+    def writeFinalFunctionCounts(self):
+        self.writeComment("Called %d of %d functions" % (len(self.calledFunctions), self.lastFuncNum))
+
+def generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript):
+    """ Generate a random Kaleidoscope script based on the given parameters """
+    print "Generating " + filename
+    print("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution" %
+          (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    print("  Call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script = KScriptGenerator(filename)
+    script.setCallWeighting(callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeComment("Auto-generated script")
+    script.writeComment("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution"
+                         % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    script.writeComment("  call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writePredefinedFunctions()
+    funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    for i in range(numFuncs):
+        script.writeFunction(elementsPerFunc)
+        funcsSinceLastExec += 1
+        if funcsSinceLastExec == funcsBetweenExec:
+            script.writeFunctionCall()
+            funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    # Always end with a function call
+    if funcsSinceLastExec > 0:
+        script.writeFunctionCall()
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writeFinalFunctionCounts()
+    funcsCalled = len(script.calledFunctions)
+    print "  Called %d of %d functions, %d total" % (funcsCalled, numFuncs, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+    timingScript.writeTimingCall(filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+
+# Execution begins here
+random.seed()
+
+timingScript = TimingScriptGenerator("time-toy.sh", "timing-data.txt")
+
+dataSets = [(5000, 3,  50, 0.50), (5000, 10, 100, 0.10), (5000, 10, 5, 0.10), (5000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            (1000, 3,  10, 0.50), (1000, 10, 100, 0.10), (1000, 10, 5, 0.10), (1000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            ( 200, 3,   2, 0.50), ( 200, 10,  40, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 2, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 1, 0.0)]
+
+# Generate the code
+for (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting) in dataSets:
+    filename = "test-%d-%d-%d-%d.k" % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, int(callWeighting * 100))
+    generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript)
+print "All done!"

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/complete/split-lib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+class TimingScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, scriptname, outputname):
+        self.shfile = open(scriptname, 'w')
+        self.timeFile = outputname
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" > %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+    def writeTimingCall(self, irname, callname):
+        """Echo some comments and invoke both versions of toy"""
+        rootname = irname
+        if '.' in irname:
+            rootname = irname[:irname.rfind('.')]
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"%s: Calls %s\" >> %s\n" % (callname, irname, self.timeFile))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=true -enable-lazy-compilation=true -use-object-cache -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT again\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=true -enable-lazy-compilation=true -use-object-cache -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With JIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=false -input-IR=%s < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (irname, callname, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+class LibScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.shfile = open(filename, 'w')
+
+    def writeLibGenCall(self, libname, irname):
+        self.shfile.write("./toy -suppress-prompts -use-mcjit=false -dump-modules < %s 2> %s\n" % (libname, irname))
+
+def splitScript(inputname, libGenScript, timingScript):
+  rootname = inputname[:-2]
+  libname = rootname + "-lib.k"
+  irname = rootname + "-lib.ir"
+  callname = rootname + "-call.k"
+  infile = open(inputname, "r")
+  libfile = open(libname, "w")
+  callfile = open(callname, "w")
+  print "Splitting %s into %s and %s" % (inputname, callname, libname)
+  for line in infile:
+    if not line.startswith("#"):
+      if line.startswith("print"):
+        callfile.write(line)
+      else:
+        libfile.write(line)
+  libGenScript.writeLibGenCall(libname, irname)
+  timingScript.writeTimingCall(irname, callname)
+
+# Execution begins here
+libGenScript = LibScriptGenerator("make-libs.sh")
+timingScript = TimingScriptGenerator("time-lib.sh", "lib-timing.txt")
+
+script_list = ["test-5000-3-50-50.k", "test-5000-10-100-10.k", "test-5000-10-5-10.k", "test-5000-10-1-0.k", 
+               "test-1000-3-10-50.k", "test-1000-10-100-10.k", "test-1000-10-5-10.k", "test-1000-10-1-0.k",
+               "test-200-3-2-50.k", "test-200-10-40-10.k", "test-200-10-2-10.k", "test-200-10-1-0.k"]
+
+for script in script_list:
+  splitScript(script, libGenScript, timingScript)
+print "All done!"

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/initial/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+all: toy-mcjit
+
+toy-mcjit : toy.cpp
+	clang++ toy.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core mcjit native` -o toy-mcjit

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/initial/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
+//                          Kaleidoscope with MCJIT
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The files in this directory are meant to accompany the first in a series of
+three blog posts that describe the process of porting the Kaleidoscope tutorial
+to use the MCJIT execution engine instead of the older JIT engine.
+
+When the blog post is ready this file will be updated with a link to the post.
+
+The source code in this directory demonstrates the initial working version of
+the program before subsequent performance improvements are applied.
+
+This directory contain a Makefile that allow the code to be built in a
+standalone manner, independent of the larger LLVM build infrastructure. To build
+the program you will need to have 'clang++' and 'llvm-config' in your path. If
+you attempt to build using the LLVM 3.3 release, some minor modifications will
+be required, as mentioned in the blog posts.

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/lazy/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+all: toy-mcjit toy-jit
+
+toy-mcjit : toy.cpp
+	clang++ toy.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic -fno-rtti `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core mcjit native` -o toy-mcjit
+
+toy-jit : toy-jit.cpp
+	clang++ toy-jit.cpp -g -O3 -rdynamic `llvm-config --cppflags --ldflags --libs core jit native` -o toy-jit

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/lazy/README.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
+//                          Kaleidoscope with MCJIT
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The files in this directory are meant to accompany the first in a series of
+three blog posts that describe the process of porting the Kaleidoscope tutorial
+to use the MCJIT execution engine instead of the older JIT engine.
+
+When the blog post is ready this file will be updated with a link to the post.
+
+The source code in this directory demonstrates the second version of the
+program, now modified to implement a sort of 'lazy' compilation.
+
+The toy-jit.cpp file contains a version of the original JIT-based source code
+that has been modified to disable most stderr output for timing purposes.
+
+This directory contain a Makefile that allow the code to be built in a
+standalone manner, independent of the larger LLVM build infrastructure. To build
+the program you will need to have 'clang++' and 'llvm-config' in your path. If
+you attempt to build using the LLVM 3.3 release, some minor modifications will
+be required.
+
+This directory also contains a Python script that may be used to generate random
+input for the program and test scripts to capture data for rough performance
+comparisons.

examples/Kaleidoscope/MCJIT/lazy/genk-timing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+import random
+
+class TimingScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate a bash script which will invoke the toy and time it"""
+    def __init__(self, scriptname, outputname):
+        self.timeFile = outputname
+        self.shfile = open(scriptname, 'w')
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" > %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+    def writeTimingCall(self, filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, totalCalls):
+        """Echo some comments and invoke both versions of toy"""
+        rootname = filename
+        if '.' in filename:
+            rootname = filename[:filename.rfind('.')]
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"%s: Calls %d of %d functions, %d total\" >> %s\n" % (filename, funcsCalled, numFuncs, totalCalls, self.timeFile))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With MCJIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-mcjit < %s > %s-mcjit.out 2> %s-mcjit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"With JIT\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("/usr/bin/time -f \"Command %C\\n\\tuser time: %U s\\n\\tsytem time: %S s\\n\\tmax set: %M kb\"")
+        self.shfile.write(" -o %s -a " % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("./toy-jit < %s > %s-jit.out 2> %s-jit.err\n" % (filename, rootname, rootname))
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+        self.shfile.write("echo \"\" >> %s\n" % self.timeFile)
+
+class KScriptGenerator:
+    """Used to generate random Kaleidoscope code"""
+    def __init__(self, filename):
+        self.kfile = open(filename, 'w')
+        self.nextFuncNum = 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = None
+        self.callWeighting = 0.1
+        # A mapping of calls within functions with no duplicates
+        self.calledFunctionTable = {}
+        # A list of function calls which will actually be executed
+        self.calledFunctions = []
+        # A comprehensive mapping of calls within functions
+        # used for computing the total number of calls
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable = {}
+        self.totalCallsExecuted = 0
+
+    def updateTotalCallCount(self, callee):
+        # Count this call
+        self.totalCallsExecuted += 1
+        # Then count all the functions it calls
+        if callee in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            for child in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateTotalCallCount(child)
+
+    def updateFunctionCallMap(self, caller, callee):
+        """Maintains a map of functions that are called from other functions"""
+        if not caller in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        if not callee in self.calledFunctionTable[caller]:
+            self.calledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+        if not caller in self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable:
+            self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller] = []
+        self.comprehensiveCalledFunctionTable[caller].append(callee)
+
+    def updateCalledFunctionList(self, callee):
+        """Maintains a list of functions that will actually be called"""
+        # Update the total call count
+        self.updateTotalCallCount(callee)
+        # If this function is already in the list, don't do anything else
+        if callee in self.calledFunctions:
+            return
+        # Add this function to the list of those that will be called.
+        self.calledFunctions.append(callee)
+        # If this function calls other functions, add them too
+        if callee in self.calledFunctionTable:
+            for subCallee in self.calledFunctionTable[callee]:
+                self.updateCalledFunctionList(subCallee)
+
+    def setCallWeighting(self, weight):
+        """ Sets the probably of generating a function call"""
+        self.callWeighting = weight
+
+    def writeln(self, line):
+        self.kfile.write(line + '\n')
+
+    def writeComment(self, comment):
+        self.writeln('# ' + comment)
+
+    def writeEmptyLine(self):
+        self.writeln("")
+
+    def writePredefinedFunctions(self):
+        self.writeComment("Define ':' for sequencing: as a low-precedence operator that ignores operands")
+        self.writeComment("and just returns the RHS.")
+        self.writeln("def binary : 1 (x y) y;")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Helper functions defined within toy")
+        self.writeln("extern putchard(x);")
+        self.writeln("extern printd(d);")
+        self.writeln("extern printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.writeComment("Print the result of a function call")
+        self.writeln("def printresult(N Result)")
+        self.writeln("  # 'result('")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(114) : putchard(101) : putchard(115) : putchard(117) : putchard(108) : putchard(116) : putchard(40) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(N) :");
+        self.writeln("  # ') = '")
+        self.writeln("  putchard(41) : putchard(32) : putchard(61) : putchard(32) :")
+        self.writeln("  printd(Result) :");
+        self.writeln("  printlf();")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeRandomOperation(self, LValue, LHS, RHS):
+        shouldCallFunc = (self.lastFuncNum > 2 and random.random() < self.callWeighting)
+        if shouldCallFunc:
+            funcToCall = random.randrange(1, self.lastFuncNum - 1)
+            self.updateFunctionCallMap(self.lastFuncNum, funcToCall)
+            self.writeln("  %s = func%d(%s, %s) :" % (LValue, funcToCall, LHS, RHS))
+        else:
+            possibleOperations = ["+", "-", "*", "/"]
+            operation = random.choice(possibleOperations)
+            if operation == "-":
+                # Don't let our intermediate value become zero
+                # This is complicated by the fact that '<' is our only comparison operator
+                self.writeln("  if %s < %s then" % (LHS, RHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else if %s < %s then" % (RHS, LHS))
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %s" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+                self.writeln("  else")
+                self.writeln("    %s = %s %s %f :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, random.uniform(1, 100)))
+            else:
+                self.writeln("  %s = %s %s %s :" % (LValue, LHS, operation, RHS))
+
+    def getNextFuncNum(self):
+        result = self.nextFuncNum
+        self.nextFuncNum += 1
+        self.lastFuncNum = result
+        return result
+
+    def writeFunction(self, elements):
+        funcNum = self.getNextFuncNum()
+        self.writeComment("Auto-generated function number %d" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("def func%d(X Y)" % funcNum)
+        self.writeln("  var temp1 = X,")
+        self.writeln("      temp2 = Y,")
+        self.writeln("      temp3 in")
+        # Initialize the variable names to be rotated
+        first = "temp3"
+        second = "temp1"
+        third = "temp2"
+        # Write some random operations
+        for i in range(elements):
+            self.writeRandomOperation(first, second, third)
+            # Rotate the variables
+            temp = first
+            first = second
+            second = third
+            third = temp
+        self.writeln("  " + third + ";")
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+
+    def writeFunctionCall(self):
+        self.writeComment("Call the last function")
+        arg1 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        arg2 = random.uniform(1, 100)
+        self.writeln("printresult(%d, func%d(%f, %f) )" % (self.lastFuncNum, self.lastFuncNum, arg1, arg2))
+        self.writeEmptyLine()
+        self.updateCalledFunctionList(self.lastFuncNum)
+
+    def writeFinalFunctionCounts(self):
+        self.writeComment("Called %d of %d functions" % (len(self.calledFunctions), self.lastFuncNum))
+
+def generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript):
+    """ Generate a random Kaleidoscope script based on the given parameters """
+    print "Generating " + filename
+    print("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution" %
+          (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    print("  Call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script = KScriptGenerator(filename)
+    script.setCallWeighting(callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeComment("Auto-generated script")
+    script.writeComment("  %d functions, %d elements per function, %d functions between execution"
+                         % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec))
+    script.writeComment("  call weighting = %f" % callWeighting)
+    script.writeComment("===========================================================================")
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writePredefinedFunctions()
+    funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    for i in range(numFuncs):
+        script.writeFunction(elementsPerFunc)
+        funcsSinceLastExec += 1
+        if funcsSinceLastExec == funcsBetweenExec:
+            script.writeFunctionCall()
+            funcsSinceLastExec = 0
+    # Always end with a function call
+    if funcsSinceLastExec > 0:
+        script.writeFunctionCall()
+    script.writeEmptyLine()
+    script.writeFinalFunctionCounts()
+    funcsCalled = len(script.calledFunctions)
+    print "  Called %d of %d functions, %d total" % (funcsCalled, numFuncs, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+    timingScript.writeTimingCall(filename, numFuncs, funcsCalled, script.totalCallsExecuted)
+
+# Execution begins here
+random.seed()
+
+timingScript = TimingScriptGenerator("time-toy.sh", "timing-data.txt")
+
+dataSets = [(5000, 3,  50, 0.50), (5000, 10, 100, 0.10), (5000, 10, 5, 0.10), (5000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            (1000, 3,  10, 0.50), (1000, 10, 100, 0.10), (1000, 10, 5, 0.10), (1000, 10, 1, 0.0),
+            ( 200, 3,   2, 0.50), ( 200, 10,  40, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 2, 0.10), ( 200, 10, 1, 0.0)]
+
+# Generate the code
+for (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting) in dataSets:
+    filename = "test-%d-%d-%d-%d.k" % (numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, int(callWeighting * 100))
+    generateKScript(filename, numFuncs, elementsPerFunc, funcsBetweenExec, callWeighting, timingScript)
+print "All done!"