[libc++] Try and prevent evaluation of is_default_constructible on tuples default constructor if it is not needed.

Summary:
Currently parts of the SFINAE on tuples default constructor always gets evaluated even when the default constructor is never called or instantiated. This can cause a hard compile error when a tuple is created with types that do not have a default constructor. Below is a self contained example using a pair like class. This code will not compile but probably should.

```

#include <type_traits>

template <class T>
struct IllFormedDefaultImp {
    IllFormedDefaultImp(T x) : value(x) {}
    constexpr IllFormedDefaultImp() {}
    T value;
};

typedef IllFormedDefaultImp<int &> IllFormedDefault;

template <class T, class U>
struct pair
{
  template <bool Dummy = true,
    class = typename std::enable_if<
         std::is_default_constructible<T>::value
      && std::is_default_constructible<U>::value
      && Dummy>::type
    >
  constexpr pair() : first(), second() {}

  pair(T const & t, U const & u) : first(t), second(u) {}

  T first;
  U second;
};

int main()
{
  int x = 1;
  IllFormedDefault v(x);
  pair<IllFormedDefault, IllFormedDefault> p(v, v);
}
```

One way to fix this is to use `Dummy` in a more involved way in the constructor SFINAE. The following patch fixes these sorts of hard compile errors for tuple.


Reviewers: mclow.lists, rsmith, K-ballo, EricWF

Reviewed By: EricWF

Subscribers: ldionne, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D7569

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@230120 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

include/tuple

@@ -511,8 +511,8 @@ class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY tuple
         typename tuple_element<_Jp, tuple<_Up...> >::type&& get(tuple<_Up...>&&) _NOEXCEPT;
 public:
 
-    template <bool _Dummy = true, class _Up = typename enable_if<
-        __all<(_Dummy && is_default_constructible<_Tp>::value)...>::value
+    template <bool _Dummy = true, class = typename enable_if<
+        __all<__dependent_type<is_default_constructible<_Tp>, _Dummy>::value...>::value
     >::type>
     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR tuple()

include/type_traits

@@ -216,6 +216,9 @@ template <class...>
 struct __void_t { typedef void type; };
 #endif
 
+template <class _Tp, bool>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY __dependent_type : public _Tp {};
+
 template <bool _Bp, class _If, class _Then>
     struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS_ONLY conditional {typedef _If type;};
 template <class _If, class _Then>

test/std/utilities/tuple/tuple.tuple/tuple.cnstr/default.pass.cpp

@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ struct ThrowingDefault {
     ThrowingDefault() { }
 };
 
+struct IllFormedDefault {
+    IllFormedDefault(int x) : value(x) {}
+    template <bool Pred = false>
+    constexpr IllFormedDefault() {
+        static_assert(Pred,
+            "The default constructor should not be instantiated");
+    }
+    int value;
+};
+
 int main()
 {
     {
@@ -89,5 +99,12 @@ int main()
         assert(std::get<0>(t) == 0);
         assert(std::get<1>(t) == nullptr);
     }
+    {
+    // Check that the SFINAE on the default constructor is not evaluted when
+    // it isn't needed. If the default constructor is evaluted then this test
+    // should fail to compile.
+        IllFormedDefault v(0);
+        std::tuple<IllFormedDefault> t(v);
+    }
 #endif
 }