Merge main into #6956

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

crates/horizon-client-core/src/gamerules.rs

@@ -125,19 +125,51 @@ pub const RULES: &[Rule] = &[
     b("universal_anger", "mobs", false),
     b("water_source_conversion", "updates", true),
 ];
+/// GameRules.MAX_MINECART_SPEED (26.3), available with minecart improvements.
+pub const MAX_MINECART_SPEED: Rule = i("max_minecart_speed", "misc", 8, 1, 1000);
+pub const MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS: &str = "minecraft:minecart_improvements";
+
+pub fn available_rules(minecart_improvements: bool) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static Rule> {
+    RULES
+        .iter()
+        .chain(minecart_improvements.then_some(&MAX_MINECART_SPEED))
+}
+
 pub fn rule(name: &str) -> Option<&'static Rule> {
     let name = name.strip_prefix("minecraft:").unwrap_or(name);
-    RULES.iter().find(|r| r.name == name)
+    available_rules(true).find(|r| r.name == name)
 }
 
 /// Current values (defaults unless set).
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
 pub struct GameRules {
     values: BTreeMap<&'static str, Value>,
+    minecart_improvements: bool,
 }
 impl GameRules {
+    pub fn with_features(features: &[String]) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            minecart_improvements: features.iter().any(|f| f == MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS),
+            ..Self::default()
+        }
+    }
+    /// GameRules.copy(enabledFeatures): keep available values, add defaults for
+    /// newly enabled rules and discard rules absent from the target feature set.
+    pub fn copy_with_features(&self, features: &[String]) -> Self {
+        let mut rules = Self::with_features(features);
+        for (&name, &value) in &self.values {
+            rules.set(name, value);
+        }
+        rules
+    }
+    pub fn available_rules(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static Rule> + use<> {
+        available_rules(self.minecart_improvements)
+    }
     pub fn get(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Value> {
         let r = rule(name)?;
+        if r.name == MAX_MINECART_SPEED.name && !self.minecart_improvements {
+            return None;
+        }
         Some(self.values.get(r.name).copied().unwrap_or(r.default))
     }
     pub fn bool(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
@@ -160,7 +192,9 @@ impl GameRules {
     }
     /// Set a rule; false if the name or value type is wrong.
     pub fn set(&mut self, name: &str, value: Value) -> bool {
-        let Some(r) = rule(name) else { return false };
+        let Some(r) = rule(name).filter(|r| self.get(r.name).is_some()) else {
+            return false;
+        };
         let ok = match (r.default, value) {
             (Value::Bool(_), Value::Bool(_)) => true,
             (Value::Int(_), Value::Int(v)) => (r.min..=r.max).contains(&v),
@@ -176,8 +210,7 @@ impl GameRules {
     /// Every rule's value by name without namespace, as `save::Level` holds
     /// them (booleans as 0 or 1).
     pub fn by_name(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, i32> {
-        RULES
-            .iter()
+        self.available_rules()
             .map(|r| {
                 let v = match self.values.get(r.name).copied().unwrap_or(r.default) {
                     Value::Bool(b) => i32::from(b),
@@ -189,8 +222,8 @@ impl GameRules {
     }
     /// GameRuleMap codec: `{data: {"minecraft:<rule>": value...}, DataVersion}`.
     pub fn to_nbt(&self) -> NamedTag {
-        let data: Vec<(horizon_world::nbt::JavaString, Tag)> = RULES
-            .iter()
+        let data: Vec<(horizon_world::nbt::JavaString, Tag)> = self
+            .available_rules()
             .map(|r| {
                 let v = self.values.get(r.name).copied().unwrap_or(r.default);
                 let tag = match v {
@@ -212,11 +245,14 @@ impl GameRules {
         }
     }
     pub fn from_nbt(root: &Tag) -> Self {
-        let mut rules = Self::default();
+        Self::from_nbt_with_features(root, &[])
+    }
+    pub fn from_nbt_with_features(root: &Tag, features: &[String]) -> Self {
+        let mut rules = Self::with_features(features);
         let Some(data) = root.get("data") else {
             return rules;
         };
-        for r in RULES {
+        for r in rules.available_rules() {
             let key = format!("minecraft:{}", r.name);
             let value = data.get(&key).or_else(|| data.get(r.name));
             match (r.default, value) {
@@ -232,15 +268,18 @@ impl GameRules {
         rules
     }
     pub fn load(world: &Path) -> Self {
+        Self::load_with_features(world, &[])
+    }
+    pub fn load_with_features(world: &Path, features: &[String]) -> Self {
         let Ok(bytes) = fs::read(world.join("data/minecraft/game_rules.dat")) else {
-            return Self::default();
+            return Self::with_features(features);
         };
         let Ok(raw) = Compression::Gzip.decode(&bytes, 16 << 20) else {
-            return Self::default();
+            return Self::with_features(features);
         };
         match nbt::read_named(&raw, Limits::default()) {
-            Ok((root, _)) => Self::from_nbt(&root.tag),
-            Err(_) => Self::default(),
+            Ok((root, _)) => Self::from_nbt_with_features(&root.tag, features),
+            Err(_) => Self::with_features(features),
         }
     }
     pub fn save(&self, world: &Path) -> crate::Result<()> {

crates/horizon-client-render/src/datapack.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,11 @@ impl DataPack {
 }
 /// The packs in `<world>/datapacks`, sorted by name.
 pub fn discover(world: &Path) -> Vec<DataPack> {
-    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(world.join("datapacks")) else {
+    discover_folder(&world.join("datapacks"))
+}
+/// Packs in Create World's temporary pack folder, before a world exists.
+pub fn discover_folder(dir: &Path) -> Vec<DataPack> {
+    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(dir) else {
         return Vec::new();
     };
     let mut packs = Vec::new();

crates/horizon-client-render/src/gfx.rs

@@ -90,18 +90,23 @@ fn gpu_culling_requested(info: &wgpu::AdapterInfo, env: Option<&str>) -> bool {
 
 /// Whether Translucent Batching is offered (`graphics::offer_translucent_batching`): where
 /// indirect multi-draws (`multi_draw`) take its batches, but not OpenGL's, which loop over
-/// their entries on the CPU (and without them every section is a call of its own anyway);
-/// nor where vanilla frames draw flat (`flat`'s `min_sections` below `usize::MAX`: Metal,
-/// Intel Gen11/Gen12's Vulkan driver, `HORIZON_FLAT_DRAWS=1`), as flat draws read
-/// translucent quads in the section arena.
-fn translucent_batchable(
-    info: &wgpu::AdapterInfo,
-    multi_draw: bool,
-    flat_min_sections: Option<usize>,
-) -> bool {
-    multi_draw
-        && info.backend != wgpu::Backend::Gl
-        && flat_min_sections.is_none_or(|min| min == usize::MAX)
+/// their entries on the CPU (and without them every section is a call of its own anyway).
+/// Frames drawn flat (Metal, Intel Gen11/Gen12's Vulkan driver) take it too: their
+/// translucent calls then come one per page of its arena rather than about one per section.
+fn translucent_batchable(info: &wgpu::AdapterInfo, multi_draw: bool) -> bool {
+    multi_draw && info.backend != wgpu::Backend::Gl
+}
+
+/// The vertices flat draws bind for a call's page key: a page of the section arena, or of
+/// the translucent arena up to its last range in use (`flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS`).
+fn flat_vertices<'a>(
+    arena: &'a arena::Arena,
+    translucent: Option<&'a arena::Arena>,
+) -> impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a> + Copy {
+    move |key| match (translucent, key.checked_sub(flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS)) {
+        (Some(translucent), Some(page)) => translucent.binding(page),
+        _ => arena.buffer(key).slice(..),
+    }
 }
 
 /// Whether translucent quads have an arena of their own: with Translucent Batching
@@ -498,8 +503,11 @@ fn move_off_page<'a>(
         arena.copy(encoder, (page, start), to, vertices);
         arena.release(page, start, vertices);
         if let (Some((flat, device, uploads)), Some(id)) = (&mut flat, s.flat_id) {
-            flat.remove(id);
-            s.flat_id = Some(flat.add(device, encoder, uploads, to.0, to.1, vertices));
+            let key = match part {
+                Part::Translucent => to.0 + flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS,
+                _ => to.0,
+            };
+            flat.place(device, encoder, uploads, id, key, to.1, vertices);
         }
         part.set(s, to);
         *budget = budget.saturating_sub(bytes);
@@ -3707,7 +3715,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             flat_wanted,
         );
         // Sections as one index list per frame where multi-draw is emulated.
-        let flat = flat_wanted.then(|| {
+        let mut flat = flat_wanted.then(|| {
             let buffers = [Some(wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
                 array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<TerrainVertex>() as u64,
                 step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
@@ -3743,11 +3751,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                 .get_downlevel_capabilities()
                 .flags
                 .contains(wgpu::DownlevelFlags::INDIRECT_EXECUTION);
-        let batchable = translucent_batchable(
-            &adapter.get_info(),
-            multi_draw,
-            flat.as_ref().map(|f| f.min_sections),
-        );
+        let batchable = translucent_batchable(&adapter.get_info(), multi_draw);
         crate::graphics::offer_translucent_batching(batchable);
         let translucent_batching = batchable && translucent_batching;
         // A new renderer runs no shader pack: the game loads the picked one on its
@@ -3763,6 +3767,9 @@ impl Renderer {
             flat.is_some(),
             translucent_split(translucent_batching, flat.is_some(), shader_pack, false),
         );
+        if let (Some(flat), Some(arena)) = (&mut flat, &translucent_arena) {
+            flat.set_translucent_page_vertices(arena.page_vertices());
+        }
         // Without indirect draws (OpenGL before 4.0 without indirect execution, or
         // before 4.2 + GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters without indirect first instance)
         // even creating an indirect buffer fails; one draw per section reads
@@ -4085,7 +4092,11 @@ impl Renderer {
         match flat {
             Some(flat) => {
                 pass.set_pipeline(&flat.translucent_mark);
-                flat.draw(pass, flat.translucent_calls(), |p| self.arena.buffer(p));
+                flat.draw(
+                    pass,
+                    flat.translucent_calls(),
+                    flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                );
                 pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
             }
             None => {
@@ -4478,17 +4489,23 @@ impl Renderer {
         } else {
             None
         };
-        // Flat draws name the blocks of its range in `arena`: split, its solid
-        // quads alone (no frame draws flat then: `translucent_split`).
-        let flat_id = self.flat.as_mut().filter(|_| main > 0).map(|f| {
-            f.add(
-                &self.device,
-                encoder,
-                &mut self.section_uploads,
-                page,
-                start,
-                main,
-            )
+        // Flat draws name the blocks of its ranges by its id: its range in `arena` and,
+        // split, its translucent quads' in `translucent_arena` (`flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS`).
+        let translucent_key = (split && translucent > 0)
+            .then(|| (translucent_at.0 + flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS, translucent_at.1));
+        let flat_id = self.flat.as_mut().and_then(|f| {
+            let ranges = [(main > 0).then_some((page, start, main))]
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain([translucent_key.map(|(key, first)| (key, first, translucent_vertices))]);
+            let mut id = None;
+            for (key, first, vertices) in ranges.flatten() {
+                let uploads = &mut self.section_uploads;
+                match id {
+                    None => id = Some(f.add(&self.device, encoder, uploads, key, first, vertices)),
+                    Some(id) => f.place(&self.device, encoder, uploads, id, key, first, vertices),
+                }
+            }
+            id
         });
         let stride = std::mem::size_of::<TerrainVertex>() as u64;
         let translucent_arena = self.translucent_arena.as_ref().unwrap_or(&self.arena);
@@ -4721,7 +4738,13 @@ impl Renderer {
             _ => COMPACT_BUDGET,
         };
         let mut budget = left.min(cap);
-        if !move_off_page(arena, encoder, None, meshes, page, part, &mut budget) {
+        // Flat draws name translucent quads' blocks by their section's id; indices have none.
+        let flat = match part {
+            Part::Translucent => self.flat.as_mut(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+        .map(|f| (f, &self.device, &mut self.section_uploads));
+        if !move_off_page(arena, encoder, flat, meshes, page, part, &mut budget) {
             // New ranges took the room: both pages stay, drawn, until a later try.
             arena.reopen();
             self.shrink_gate.wait(now, SHRINK_RETRY);
@@ -4901,6 +4924,9 @@ impl Renderer {
             self.flat.is_some(),
             split,
         );
+        if let (Some(flat), Some(arena)) = (&mut self.flat, &self.translucent_arena) {
+            flat.set_translucent_page_vertices(arena.page_vertices());
+        }
     }
     /// Whether every section and far tile was dropped since the last call, to be
     /// laid out again (`follow_translucent_layout`): the game meshes them again,
@@ -5856,7 +5882,11 @@ impl Renderer {
         arena::free_later(self.graveyard.advance());
         self.shrink_translucent(left);
         if let Some(flat) = &mut self.flat {
-            flat.trim(|page| self.arena.has_page(page));
+            let translucent = self.translucent_arena.as_ref();
+            flat.trim(|key| match key.checked_sub(flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS) {
+                Some(page) => translucent.is_some_and(|a| a.has_page(page)),
+                None => self.arena.has_page(key),
+            });
         }
         if self.suspended {
             return Ok(false);
@@ -7220,8 +7250,6 @@ impl Renderer {
                         || pack_terrain
                         || shadow_view.is_some()) =>
             {
-                // They read translucent quads in the section arena (`translucent_split`).
-                debug_assert!(self.translucent_arena.is_none(), "flat draws, split");
                 let sections = &self.sections;
                 let lods = &self.lods;
                 let sorted = &self.sorted_indices;
@@ -7238,6 +7266,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                         [shadow_first, shadow_first + shadow_solid].map(|d| d as usize),
                         [opaque_end, cutout_start],
                         phase2,
+                        self.translucent_arena.is_some(),
                         visible
                             .iter()
                             .chain(&shadow_visible)
@@ -7482,9 +7511,11 @@ impl Renderer {
             {
                 pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);
                 let [first, translucent] = flat.shadow_calls;
-                flat.draw(&mut pass, &flat.calls[first..translucent], |p| {
-                    self.arena.buffer(p)
-                });
+                flat.draw(
+                    &mut pass,
+                    &flat.calls[first..translucent],
+                    flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                );
             } else if !flat_frame {
                 pass.set_pipeline(&shadow.solid);
                 pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
@@ -7505,9 +7536,11 @@ impl Renderer {
             {
                 pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);
                 let [_, translucent] = flat.shadow_calls;
-                flat.draw(&mut pass, &flat.calls[translucent..], |p| {
-                    self.arena.buffer(p)
-                });
+                flat.draw(
+                    &mut pass,
+                    &flat.calls[translucent..],
+                    flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                );
             } else if !flat_frame {
                 pass.set_pipeline(&shadow.translucent);
                 pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
@@ -7670,7 +7703,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                 // is phase 1's.
                 if flat_frame && let Some(flat) = &self.flat {
                     pass.set_pipeline(&flat.solid_mirror);
-                    let vertices = |p| self.arena.buffer(p);
+                    let vertices = flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref());
                     flat.draw(&mut pass, &flat.calls[..flat.solid_calls], vertices);
                 } else {
                     pass.set_pipeline(&self.solid_mirror);
@@ -7858,7 +7891,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                     pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
                 }
                 Some(flat) => {
-                    let vertices = |p| self.arena.buffer(p);
+                    let vertices = flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref());
                     // Without a pack, on Metal, the opaque pass, then the cutout one
                     // (terrain.wgsl's `opaque_quad`), each over phase 1's lists with
                     // quads for it, and over all of phase 2's.
@@ -8333,7 +8366,11 @@ impl Renderer {
                             // Flat section draws take the flat pipelines.
                             if let Some((flat, pipeline)) = flat.zip(oit.flat(stage)) {
                                 pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);
-                                flat.draw(pass, flat.translucent_calls(), |p| self.arena.buffer(p));
+                                flat.draw(
+                                    pass,
+                                    flat.translucent_calls(),
+                                    flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                                );
                                 return;
                             }
                             pass.set_pipeline(oit.terrain(stage));
@@ -8397,9 +8434,11 @@ impl Renderer {
                 }
                 Some(flat) => {
                     pass.set_pipeline(pack_flat.map_or(&flat.translucent, |p| &p.1));
-                    flat.draw(&mut pass, flat.translucent_calls(), |p| {
-                        self.arena.buffer(p)
-                    });
+                    flat.draw(
+                        &mut pass,
+                        flat.translucent_calls(),
+                        flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                    );
                     pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
                     pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
                     self.mark_translucent_terrain(
@@ -8580,10 +8619,16 @@ impl Renderer {
                                             }],
                                         });
                                     rp.set_bind_group(5, &indices, &[]);
-                                    let vertices = |p| self.arena.buffer(p);
+                                    let vertices =
+                                        flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref());
                                     flat.draw_geometry(rp, calls, vertices, page, instances);
                                 }
-                                None => flat.draw_with(rp, calls, |p| self.arena.buffer(p), page),
+                                None => flat.draw_with(
+                                    rp,
+                                    calls,
+                                    flat_vertices(&self.arena, self.translucent_arena.as_ref()),
+                                    page,
+                                ),
                             }
                         }
                         // A geometry stage reads flat draws' indices; without them it draws nothing.
@@ -9654,23 +9699,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!super::gpu_culling_requested(&discrete, Some("0")));
     }
 
-    /// Translucent Batching is offered with indirect multi-draws that aren't OpenGL's,
-    /// and only where frames without a shader pack never draw flat.
+    /// Translucent Batching is offered with indirect multi-draws that aren't OpenGL's, flat
+    /// frames (Metal, Intel Gen11/Gen12 on Vulkan) included.
     #[test]
-    fn translucent_batching_is_offered_where_vanilla_frames_never_draw_flat() {
+    fn translucent_batching_is_offered_with_indirect_multi_draws_except_on_opengl() {
         let vulkan = adapter(wgpu::DeviceType::DiscreteGpu);
+        let mut metal = adapter(wgpu::DeviceType::IntegratedGpu);
+        metal.backend = wgpu::Backend::Metal;
         let mut gl = adapter(wgpu::DeviceType::DiscreteGpu);
         gl.backend = wgpu::Backend::Gl;
         let batchable = super::translucent_batchable;
-        // No flat draws, or flat draws for a shader pack's terrain alone.
-        assert!(batchable(&vulkan, true, None));
-        assert!(batchable(&vulkan, true, Some(usize::MAX)));
-        // Vanilla frames drawn flat past MIN_SECTIONS (Metal), or all of them.
-        assert!(!batchable(&vulkan, true, Some(super::flat::MIN_SECTIONS)));
-        assert!(!batchable(&vulkan, true, Some(0)));
-        assert!(!batchable(&vulkan, false, None));
-        assert!(!batchable(&gl, true, None));
-        assert!(!batchable(&gl, true, Some(usize::MAX)));
+        assert!(batchable(&vulkan, true));
+        assert!(batchable(&metal, true));
+        assert!(!batchable(&vulkan, false));
+        assert!(!batchable(&gl, true));
     }
 
     /// The pack-flat rule: with Translucent Batching translucent quads have an arena of

crates/horizon-client-render/src/gfx/arena.rs

@@ -157,21 +157,24 @@ impl Arena {
         Self::with_usage(device, 4, capacity, usage, LARGE_PAGE_BYTES)
     }
     /// The sorted-index arena and, when `split`, the translucent arena
-    /// (vertices of `stride`), both with large pages, which no shader binds;
-    /// otherwise translucent quads stay in the section arena, and the indices
-    /// in pages flat draws (`flat`) bind as storage.
+    /// (vertices of `stride`) with large pages, which no shader binds;
+    /// otherwise translucent quads stay in the section arena. The indices go in
+    /// large pages too, unless flat draws (`flat`) bind their pages as storage.
     pub fn translucent_arenas(
         device: &wgpu::Device,
         stride: u64,
         flat: bool,
         split: bool,
     ) -> (Self, Option<Self>) {
-        if split {
-            let indices = Self::translucent_indices(device, 1 << 16);
-            (indices, Some(Self::translucent(device, stride, 1 << 18)))
+        let indices = if split && !flat {
+            Self::translucent_indices(device, 1 << 16)
         } else {
-            (Self::indices(device, 1 << 16, flat), None)
-        }
+            Self::indices(device, 1 << 16, flat)
+        };
+        (
+            indices,
+            split.then(|| Self::translucent(device, stride, 1 << 18)),
+        )
     }
     fn with_usage(
         device: &wgpu::Device,
@@ -927,6 +930,121 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Flat draws find a section's origin by the id its blocks name, in the section arena's
+    /// tables and, split, in the translucent arena's (`flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS`). Translucent
+    /// quads a shrink moves (`move_off_page`) keep naming their section, or flat draws would
+    /// put them at another section's origin.
+    #[test]
+    fn moved_translucent_quads_keep_their_section_s_flat_id() {
+        use super::super::{Part, SectionGpu, flat, move_off_page, upload::Uploads};
+        let Some((device, queue)) = device() else {
+            eprintln!("no GPU adapter: skipped");
+            return;
+        };
+        let module = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(
+                "@vertex fn vs() -> @builtin(position) vec4<f32> { return vec4<f32>(0.0); }
+                 @fragment fn fs() -> @location(0) vec4<f32> { return vec4<f32>(0.0); }"
+                    .into(),
+            ),
+        });
+        let terrain_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            entries: &[],
+        });
+        let pipeline = |layout: &wgpu::PipelineLayout, label: &str, _: &str, _: &str, _, _| {
+            device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+                label: Some(label),
+                layout: Some(layout),
+                vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                    module: &module,
+                    entry_point: Some("vs"),
+                    compilation_options: Default::default(),
+                    buffers: &[],
+                },
+                primitive: Default::default(),
+                depth_stencil: None,
+                multisample: Default::default(),
+                fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                    module: &module,
+                    entry_point: Some("fs"),
+                    compilation_options: Default::default(),
+                    targets: &[Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm.into())],
+                }),
+                multiview_mask: None,
+                cache: None,
+            })
+        };
+        let mut flat = flat::Flat::new(&device, &terrain_layout, 4 * GRAIN, 0, pipeline);
+        let stride = std::mem::size_of::<crate::mesher::TerrainVertex>() as u64;
+        let mut translucent = Arena::translucent(&device, stride, 4 * GRAIN);
+        translucent.page_limit = 4 * GRAIN;
+        flat.set_translucent_page_vertices(translucent.page_vertices());
+        let mut uploads = Uploads::new(&device);
+        let mut encoder = device.create_command_encoder(&Default::default());
+        // Page 0: another section's grain, then this one's two; page 1: a grain taken.
+        let (_, other) = alloc(&mut translucent, &device, &queue, GRAIN).unwrap();
+        let (_, at) = alloc(&mut translucent, &device, &queue, 2 * GRAIN).unwrap();
+        let (_, rest) = alloc(&mut translucent, &device, &queue, GRAIN).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            alloc(&mut translucent, &device, &queue, GRAIN),
+            Some((1, 0))
+        );
+        translucent.release(0, rest, GRAIN);
+        let key = |page: u32| page + flat::TRANSLUCENT_KEYS;
+        let other_id = flat.add(&device, &mut encoder, &mut uploads, key(0), other, GRAIN);
+        // Its solid quads in the section arena's page 0, its translucent ones here.
+        let id = flat.add(&device, &mut encoder, &mut uploads, 0, 0, GRAIN);
+        flat.place(
+            &device,
+            &mut encoder,
+            &mut uploads,
+            id,
+            key(0),
+            at,
+            2 * GRAIN,
+        );
+        let mut section = SectionGpu {
+            page: 0,
+            start: 0,
+            translucent_at: (0, at),
+            solid: 64,
+            sides: crate::mesher::Sides::unsorted(64),
+            translucent: 128,
+            sort: super::super::translucency::SortState::new(Vec::new()),
+            sorted_indices: None,
+            flat_id: Some(id),
+            fading: None,
+            leaving: None,
+            animated_layers: Box::new([]),
+        };
+        translucent.close(0);
+        let mut budget = u64::MAX;
+        assert!(move_off_page(
+            &mut translucent,
+            &mut encoder,
+            Some((&mut flat, &device, &mut uploads)),
+            std::iter::once(&mut section),
+            0,
+            Part::Translucent,
+            &mut budget
+        ));
+        uploads.finish(&encoder);
+        queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
+        let (page, start) = section.translucent_at;
+        assert_eq!(page, 1);
+        assert_eq!(section.flat_id, Some(id));
+        let named =
+            |page: u32, grain: u64| read(&device, &queue, flat.blocks(key(page)), grain * 4);
+        for grain in start / GRAIN..(start / GRAIN + 2) {
+            assert_eq!(named(1, grain), id, "grain {grain} of its new range");
+        }
+        // The section arena's table and the other section's grain are untouched.
+        assert_eq!(read(&device, &queue, flat.blocks(0), 0), id);
+        assert_eq!(named(0, other / GRAIN), other_id);
+    }
+
     /// Draws bind a large page up to the end of its last range in use, a grain at
     /// least: wgpu clears what a binding covers and nothing wrote when the frame is
     /// submitted, so a grown page bound whole had its new tail cleared on the GPU.
@@ -1028,9 +1146,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     /// The translucent arena comes with the split layout alone, and only then
-    /// are the index pages large. Otherwise, as while a shader pack's terrain
-    /// draws flat (gfx's `translucent_split`), translucent quads keep to the
-    /// section arena, and flat draws (`flat`) bind the index pages as storage.
+    /// are the index pages large, unless flat draws (`flat`) bind them as
+    /// storage. Otherwise, as while a shader pack's terrain draws flat (gfx's
+    /// `translucent_split`), translucent quads keep to the section arena.
     #[test]
     fn translucent_arenas_follow_the_layout() {
         let devices = devices();
@@ -1050,9 +1168,9 @@ mod tests {
                     assert_eq!(translucent.is_some(), split, "{case}");
                     let bytes = indices.page_vertices() * 4;
                     let storage = indices.usage.contains(wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE);
-                    assert_eq!(storage, flat && !split, "{case}");
+                    assert_eq!(storage, flat, "{case}");
                     assert!(!storage || bytes <= limits.max_storage_buffer_binding_size);
-                    assert_eq!(bytes > PAGE_BYTES, split && large, "{case}");
+                    assert_eq!(bytes > PAGE_BYTES, split && !flat && large, "{case}");
                     if let Some(t) = translucent {
                         assert_eq!(t.page_vertices() * 24 > PAGE_BYTES, large, "{case}");
                     }

crates/horizon-client-render/src/gfx/flat.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ struct Plan {
 }
 const QUADS: u32 = u32::MAX;
 const GROUP_LIMIT: u32 = 65535;
+/// The page keys of the translucent arena (`Renderer::translucent_arena`, Translucent
+/// Batching): its page plus this. The section arena's pages are their own keys, all far
+/// below it. A call names its key: its vertices come from that arena's page.
+pub const TRANSLUCENT_KEYS: u32 = 1 << 10;
 
 struct PageTable {
     /// Section id of every block of the page.
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ pub(super) const ALPHA_ONLY: wgpu::BlendState = wgpu::BlendState {
 /// A run of the frame's index list drawn from one arena page.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Call {
+    /// The page's key (`TRANSLUCENT_KEYS`).
     pub page: u32,
     pub first: u32,
     pub count: u32,
@@ -98,6 +103,9 @@ pub struct Flat {
     /// The layout of a page's bind group 1 (shader packs' terrain pipelines share it).
     pub(super) draw_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
     blocks_per_page: u64,
+    /// Blocks of a translucent arena page (`TRANSLUCENT_KEYS`), whose pages are larger.
+    translucent_blocks_per_page: u64,
+    /// Block tables by page key.
     pages: Vec<Option<PageTable>>,
     free_ids: Vec<u32>,
     next_id: u32,
@@ -218,7 +226,14 @@ fn buffer(
     device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
         label: Some(label),
         size: size.max(16),
-        usage: usage | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+        // Tests read the tables back.
+        usage: usage
+            | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST
+            | if cfg!(test) {
+                wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_SRC
+            } else {
+                wgpu::BufferUsages::empty()
+            },
         mapped_at_creation: false,
     })
 }
@@ -242,6 +257,7 @@ fn plan(
     shadow: [usize; 2],
     passes: [usize; 2],
     align: u64,
+    key: impl Fn(u32, Option<u32>) -> u32,
     calls: &mut Vec<Call>,
     ranges: &mut Vec<Range>,
     segments: &mut Vec<(Source, u64, u64)>,
@@ -273,6 +289,7 @@ fn plan(
         }
         let starts =
             i == phase1_draws || i == solid_draws || shadow.contains(&i) || passes.contains(&i);
+        let page = key(page, sorted);
         match calls.last_mut() {
             Some(last) if last.page == page && !starts => last.count += d[0],
             _ => calls.push(Call {
@@ -451,6 +468,7 @@ impl Flat {
             phase2_group: None,
             draw_layout,
             blocks_per_page: page_vertices.div_ceil(GRAIN),
+            translucent_blocks_per_page: page_vertices.div_ceil(GRAIN),
             pages: Vec::new(),
             free_ids: Vec::new(),
             next_id: 0,
@@ -479,8 +497,8 @@ impl Flat {
                 .max(1),
         }
     }
-    /// A section uploaded to `vertices` vertices from `start` of `page`: its
-    /// id, which its blocks now name (written through `uploads` in `encoder`).
+    /// A section uploaded to `vertices` vertices from `start` of the page keyed `page`:
+    /// its id, which its blocks now name (written through `uploads` in `encoder`).
     pub fn add(
         &mut self,
         device: &wgpu::Device,
@@ -494,6 +512,28 @@ impl Flat {
             self.next_id += 1;
             self.next_id - 1
         });
+        self.place(device, encoder, uploads, id, page, start, vertices);
+        id
+    }
+    /// Makes the blocks of `vertices` vertices from `start` of the page keyed `page` name
+    /// `id`: a section's other range (its translucent quads, in the translucent arena), or
+    /// a range that moved.
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub fn place(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        uploads: &mut super::upload::Uploads,
+        id: u32,
+        page: u32,
+        start: u64,
+        vertices: u64,
+    ) {
+        let blocks = if page >= TRANSLUCENT_KEYS {
+            self.translucent_blocks_per_page
+        } else {
+            self.blocks_per_page
+        };
         let page = page as usize;
         if self.pages.len() <= page {
             self.pages.resize_with(page + 1, || None);
@@ -502,7 +542,7 @@ impl Flat {
             blocks: buffer(
                 device,
                 "Section ids by block",
-                self.blocks_per_page * 4,
+                blocks * 4,
                 wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE,
             ),
             group: None,
@@ -515,7 +555,19 @@ impl Flat {
             first * 4,
             bytemuck::cast_slice(&ids),
         );
-        id
+    }
+    /// The block table of the page keyed `page`, for tests that read it back.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(super) fn blocks(&self, page: u32) -> &wgpu::Buffer {
+        &self.pages[page as usize]
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("a page table")
+            .blocks
+    }
+    /// The most vertices a page of the translucent arena holds: its block tables' size.
+    /// Tables made before keep theirs, so this goes with `clear`.
+    pub fn set_translucent_page_vertices(&mut self, vertices: u64) {
+        self.translucent_blocks_per_page = vertices.div_ceil(GRAIN);
     }
     pub fn remove(&mut self, id: u32) {
         self.free_ids.push(id);
@@ -525,7 +577,7 @@ impl Flat {
         self.free_ids.clear();
         self.next_id = 0;
     }
-    /// Forgets the tables of pages the arena released.
+    /// Forgets the tables of pages the arenas released (`live`, by page key).
     pub fn trim(&mut self, live: impl Fn(u32) -> bool) {
         for (i, page) in self.pages.iter_mut().enumerate() {
             if page.is_some() && !live(i as u32) {
@@ -556,6 +608,7 @@ impl Flat {
         shadow: [usize; 2],
         passes: [usize; 2],
         phase2: Option<&wgpu::Buffer>,
+        translucent_arena: bool,
         origins: impl Iterator<Item = (u32, [f32; 4])>,
         sorted_page: impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::Buffer,
         timing: Option<&mut super::pack_timing::PassTiming>,
@@ -609,6 +662,11 @@ impl Flat {
             shadow,
             passes,
             self.range_align,
+            // Translucent draws, and only they, have sorted indices.
+            |page, sorted| match sorted {
+                Some(_) if translucent_arena => page + TRANSLUCENT_KEYS,
+                _ => page,
+            },
             &mut self.calls,
             &mut self.range_data,
             &mut self.segments,
@@ -801,7 +859,7 @@ impl Flat {
         &self,
         pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
         calls: &[Call],
-        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
+        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a>,
     ) {
         self.draw_with(pass, calls, vertices, |_, _| {});
     }
@@ -811,7 +869,7 @@ impl Flat {
         &self,
         pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
         calls: &[Call],
-        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
+        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a>,
         page: impl Fn(&mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>, u32),
     ) {
         pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
@@ -828,7 +886,7 @@ impl Flat {
         &self,
         pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
         calls: &[Call],
-        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
+        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a>,
         page: impl Fn(&mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>, u32),
         instances: u32,
     ) {
@@ -842,7 +900,7 @@ impl Flat {
     pub fn draw_phase2<'a>(
         &self,
         pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
-        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
+        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a>,
     ) {
         pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
         for (k, call) in self.calls[self.phase1_calls..self.solid_calls]
@@ -857,13 +915,13 @@ impl Flat {
         &self,
         pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
         page: u32,
-        vertices: &impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
+        vertices: &impl Fn(u32) -> wgpu::BufferSlice<'a>,
     ) {
         let table = self.pages[page as usize]
             .as_ref()
             .and_then(|t| t.group.as_ref())
             .expect("prepared page");
-        pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, vertices(page).slice(..));
+        pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, vertices(page));
         pass.set_bind_group(1, table, &[]);
     }
 }
@@ -912,6 +970,7 @@ mod tests {
             [draws.len(); 2],
             [draws.len(), 0],
             4,
+            |page, _| page,
             &mut calls,
             &mut ranges,
             &mut segments,
@@ -960,6 +1019,7 @@ mod tests {
             [draws.len(); 2],
             [3, 1],
             4,
+            |page, _| page,
             &mut calls,
             &mut ranges,
             &mut segments,
@@ -995,6 +1055,7 @@ mod tests {
             [camera, camera + 2],
             [camera, 0],
             4,
+            |page, _| page,
             &mut calls,
             &mut ranges,
             &mut segments,
@@ -1023,6 +1084,7 @@ mod tests {
             [draws.len(); 2],
             [draws.len(), 0],
             4,
+            |page, _| page,
             &mut calls,
             &mut ranges,
             &mut segments,
@@ -1140,6 +1202,7 @@ mod tests {
                 [draws.len(); 2],
                 [draws.len(), 0],
                 align,
+                |page, _| page,
                 &mut calls,
                 &mut ranges,
                 &mut segments,

crates/horizon-client-render/src/hud.rs

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ pub const PACK_ICON_SIZE: u32 = 128;
 /// size of the largest trim texture.
 pub const TRIM_SLOTS: usize = 32;
 pub fn decode(path: &Path) -> Result<(u32, u32, Vec<u8>)> {
-    decode_bytes(&fs::read(path)?)
+    decode_bytes(&horizon_core::prepared_files::read(path)?)
 }
 /// A PNG in memory as RGBA pixels.
 pub fn decode_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, u32, Vec<u8>)> {
@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ fn within_budget(files: &[&PathBuf], budget: u64) -> HashSet<PathBuf> {
 }
 /// A PNG's width and height, from its header alone.
 fn png_size(path: &Path) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-    use std::io::Read;
-    let mut header = [0u8; 24];
-    fs::File::open(path).ok()?.read_exact(&mut header).ok()?;
+    let header: [u8; 24] = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_head(path, 24)
+        .ok()?
+        .try_into()
+        .ok()?;
     let field = |at: usize| u32::from_be_bytes(header[at..at + 4].try_into().unwrap_or_default());
     (header[..8] == *b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n" && header[12..16] == *b"IHDR")
         .then(|| (field(16), field(20)))
@@ -365,7 +366,8 @@ fn cit_sprite(root: &Path, id: &str) -> Option<(PackedImage, Option<TextureFlags
             return None;
         }
     };
-    let mcmeta = fs::read_to_string(path.with_extension("png.mcmeta")).ok();
+    let mcmeta =
+        horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(&path.with_extension("png.mcmeta")).ok();
     let animation = animation_of(mcmeta.as_deref());
     // Only an animation is cut to its first frame: a still CIT texture is drawn whole, and
     // armour layers are twice as wide as they are tall.
@@ -463,7 +465,10 @@ fn atlas_sprites(root: &Path, packed: &[PackedImage]) -> (Vec<PackedImage>, Vec<
                         // Animated strips keep their first frame and animate,
                         // like the packed files.
                         if path.starts_with("block/") || path.starts_with("item/") {
-                            let mcmeta = fs::read_to_string(file.with_extension("png.mcmeta")).ok();
+                            let mcmeta = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(
+                                &file.with_extension("png.mcmeta"),
+                            )
+                            .ok();
                             let animation = animation_of(mcmeta.as_deref());
                             animated = animation.is_some();
                             first_frame(image, animation.as_ref())
@@ -960,7 +965,9 @@ impl HudAtlas {
             let image = decode(path)
                 .map_err(|e| log::warn!("skipped GUI texture {}: {e}", path.display()))
                 .ok()?;
-            let mcmeta = fs::read_to_string(path.with_extension("png.mcmeta")).ok();
+            let mcmeta =
+                horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(&path.with_extension("png.mcmeta"))
+                    .ok();
             let animation = animation_of(mcmeta.as_deref());
             // An animated strip keeps its first frame.
             let frames = name.starts_with("block/") || name.starts_with("item/");

crates/horizon-client-render/src/model_library.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl ParsedModels {
             }
         }
         let parsed = crate::par::par_map(&files, |(_, path)| {
-            let text = fs::read_to_string(path).ok()?;
+            let text = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(path).ok()?;
             CuboidModel::from_json(&text).ok().map(Arc::new)
         });
         let models = files
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ impl ParsedModels {
                     let read = || -> Result<CuboidModel> {
                         let (namespace, path) =
                             name.split_once(':').ok_or("invalid model identifier")?;
-                        let text = fs::read_to_string(
-                            root.join(format!("assets/{namespace}/models/{path}.json")),
+                        let text = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(
+                            &root.join(format!("assets/{namespace}/models/{path}.json")),
                         )?;
                         Ok(CuboidModel::from_json(&text)?)
                     };

crates/horizon-client-render/src/models/catalog.rs

@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ impl StateModels {
             // Vanilla's BlockStateModelLoader: a definition that does not
             // read or bind is logged and its block gets no model; the other
             // blocks still load.
-            let loaded = fs::read_to_string(
-                root.join(format!("assets/{namespace}/blockstates/{path}.json")),
+            let loaded = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(
+                &root.join(format!("assets/{namespace}/blockstates/{path}.json")),
             )
             .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
             .and_then(|text| BlockStateDefinition::from_json(&text).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))

crates/horizon-client-render/src/options_ui.rs

@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ impl Opt {
                 | Opt::HideMatchedNames
                 | Opt::OnlySecureChat
                 | Opt::SaveChatDrafts
-                | Opt::RotateWithMinecarts
                 // Saved, but no Horizon system reads them yet: no Realms, no
                 // friends list, no directional audio, no now-playing toast.
                 | Opt::RealmsNotifications
@@ -937,6 +936,7 @@ impl Opt {
             | Opt::RealmsNotifications
             | Opt::InGameNotification
             | Opt::DirectionalAudio
+            | Opt::RotateWithMinecarts
             | Opt::NarratorHotkey => {
                 let key = self.file_key().unwrap();
                 s.file
@@ -1512,6 +1512,8 @@ pub struct OptionsUi {
     /// (`update_pack_infos`) differs from the settings'.
     pack_reselected: bool,
     pub in_world: bool,
+    /// AccessibilityOptionsScreen: the loaded world's experimental feature.
+    pub minecart_improvements: bool,
     /// Scroll the selected language into the middle on the next layout.
     center_language: bool,
     pub graphics: crate::graphics_ui::GraphicsUi,
@@ -1576,6 +1578,7 @@ impl Default for OptionsUi {
             pack_focus: Instant::now(),
             pack_reselected: false,
             in_world: false,
+            minecart_improvements: false,
             center_language: false,
             graphics: Default::default(),
             split_profiles: Default::default(),
@@ -3236,6 +3239,14 @@ impl OptionsUi {
             if widget.list {
                 widget.y += previous_scroll - self.scroll;
             }
+            if let WKind::Button {
+                act: Act::Cycle(Opt::RotateWithMinecarts),
+                active,
+                ..
+            } = &mut widget.kind
+            {
+                *active = self.in_world && self.minecart_improvements;
+            }
         }
         self.row_bands = rows
             .bands
@@ -3385,6 +3396,8 @@ impl OptionsUi {
         }
         if self.page() == Page::SplitSetup {
             self.split_setup.on = s.extras.splitscreen;
+            // The controller picks a tile up between presses: the screen's size from the draw.
+            self.split_setup.size = (batch.width, batch.height);
             self.split_setup.draw(batch, atlas, cursor, self.in_world);
             return;
         }

crates/horizon-client-render/src/split_ui.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Setup's monitor map and draft window choices. Apply is consumed by the game adapter.
 use crate::{
+    gamepad::Button as PadButton,
     graphics_style::STYLE,
     hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch, rgba},
     lang,
@@ -48,12 +49,28 @@ pub struct SplitUi {
     /// Names: the names in the views' corners are shown (the game sets it), and pressed.
     pub names_shown: bool,
     pub toggle_names: bool,
+    /// P1 has a controller (the game sets it), and Give Up Pad pressed: it's offered to join.
+    pub p1_pad: bool,
+    pub give_up_pad: bool,
     edit: Option<Draft>,
     selected: Option<usize>,
     /// A tile held by the mouse: whose, and where the pointer is (`None` until it moves).
     drag: Option<(usize, Option<(f32, f32)>)>,
-    /// The screen's size at the last press: where a drag's release lands.
-    size: (f32, f32),
+    /// A player picked up with the controller (A), moved with the bumpers.
+    held: Option<Held>,
+    /// Dropped or put back: the player whose tile the controller's focus goes to.
+    refocus: Option<usize>,
+    /// The screen's size: at the last draw (the options screen sets it) or press.
+    pub(crate) size: (f32, f32),
+}
+
+/// A player picked up with the controller: where it could go, the one picked so far, and the
+/// draft with it there (the map shows it).
+struct Held {
+    player: usize,
+    spots: Vec<(String, Drop)>,
+    at: Option<usize>,
+    preview: Option<Draft>,
 }
 
 /// Where a dragged player goes: a place (`Spot`), or a place among a window's players.
@@ -73,6 +90,8 @@ enum Target {
     Identify,
     /// The players' names in their views' corners, on or off.
     Names,
+    /// P1's controller freed and offered to join (handed to a friend).
+    GiveUpPad,
     Revert,
     Apply,
     Done,
@@ -124,9 +143,113 @@ impl SplitUi {
         self.selected = None;
         self.apply = None;
         self.drag = None;
+        self.held = None;
     }
+    /// The draft shown: with a held player where the controller put it, else the changes so
+    /// far, else the arrangement now.
     fn draft(&self) -> Option<&Draft> {
-        self.edit.as_ref().or(self.live.as_ref())
+        let preview = self.held.as_ref().and_then(|h| h.preview.as_ref());
+        preview.or(self.edit.as_ref()).or(self.live.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// The controller (`pad_menu`), A at `at`: on a player's tile, picks it up. True when it did
+    /// (the press is taken).
+    pub fn pad_pick_up(&mut self, at: (f32, f32)) -> bool {
+        let (w, h) = self.size;
+        let hit = self
+            .buttons(w, h)
+            .into_iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find(|([x, y, bw, bh], _, _, active)| *active && ui::hovered(at, *x, *y, *bw, *bh));
+        let Some((_, _, Target::Player(i), _)) = hit else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        self.selected = Some(i);
+        let spots = self.stops(i);
+        self.held = Some(Held {
+            player: i,
+            spots,
+            at: None,
+            preview: None,
+        });
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// The controller while a player is held: the bumpers or left and right cycle where it goes,
+    /// as when joining (the map shows it there), A drops it there (into the draft), B puts it
+    /// back. True when the button was taken: every button, while one is held.
+    pub fn pad_button(&mut self, button: PadButton) -> bool {
+        let Some(held) = &self.held else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let player = held.player;
+        match button {
+            PadButton::LeftBumper
+            | PadButton::RightBumper
+            | PadButton::DPadLeft
+            | PadButton::DPadRight => {
+                let n = held.spots.len();
+                if n == 0 {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                let back = matches!(button, PadButton::LeftBumper | PadButton::DPadLeft);
+                let next = match held.at {
+                    None if back => n - 1,
+                    None => 0,
+                    Some(k) if back => (k + n - 1) % n,
+                    Some(k) => (k + 1) % n,
+                };
+                let (player, drop) = (held.player, held.spots[next].1.clone());
+                let open = self.open_now();
+                let preview = self.edit.clone().or(self.live.clone()).map(|mut draft| {
+                    match drop {
+                        Drop::At(spot) => draft.place_player(player, spot),
+                        Drop::Place(n, k) => {
+                            draft.place_player(player, Spot::Window(n));
+                            draft.put_at(player, k);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    draft.drop_empty(&open);
+                    draft
+                });
+                if let Some(held) = &mut self.held {
+                    held.at = Some(next);
+                    held.preview = preview;
+                }
+            }
+            PadButton::South => {
+                let held = self.held.take().expect("held");
+                // One highlight after: the focus on the player where it landed, not selected too.
+                (self.selected, self.refocus) = (None, Some(held.player));
+                match held.at.map(|k| held.spots[k].1.clone()) {
+                    Some(Drop::At(spot)) => self.place(held.player, spot),
+                    Some(Drop::Place(n, k)) => self.place_at(held.player, n, k),
+                    None => {}
+                }
+            }
+            PadButton::East => {
+                (self.selected, self.refocus) = (None, Some(player));
+                self.held = None;
+            }
+            // While one is held, the focus stays put: A drops, it presses nothing else.
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a player is held (the controller's left and right cycle it).
+    pub fn holding(&self) -> bool {
+        self.held.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// The tile of the player just dropped or put back, for the controller's focus. Taken once.
+    pub fn take_refocus(&mut self) -> Option<[f32; 4]> {
+        let i = self.refocus.take()?;
+        let (w, h) = self.size;
+        self.buttons(w, h)
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|b| b.2 == Target::Player(i))
+            .map(|b| b.0)
     }
     fn map(&self, w: f32, h: f32) -> split_map::Map {
         if self.idle {
@@ -270,8 +393,18 @@ impl SplitUi {
             Target::Switch,
             !self.on || self.names.len() <= 1,
         );
+        // P1's controller handed to a friend: it's offered to join.
+        let give_up = (
+            [90.0, 6.0, 80.0, 20.0],
+            tr("give_up_pad", &[]),
+            Target::GiveUpPad,
+            true,
+        );
         if !self.on || self.idle {
             let mut out = vec![switch];
+            if self.on && self.p1_pad {
+                out.push(give_up);
+            }
             row(&mut out, h - 27.0, vec![done]);
             return out;
         }
@@ -329,6 +462,9 @@ impl SplitUi {
             true,
         );
         out.extend([switch, names]);
+        if self.p1_pad {
+            out.push(give_up);
+        }
         // A square for how 2 (or 3) players share a window, while a window has that many (drawn
         // as the layout; the label is for the control socket and the tests).
         let mut footer = Vec::new();
@@ -373,6 +509,7 @@ impl SplitUi {
             Target::Switch => tr("help.switch", &[]),
             Target::Identify => tr("help.identify", &[]),
             Target::Names => tr("help.names", &[]),
+            Target::GiveUpPad => tr("help.give_up_pad", &[]),
             Target::Revert if *active => tr("help.revert", &[]),
             Target::Apply if *active => tr("help.apply", &[]),
             Target::Revert | Target::Apply => tr("help.unchanged", &[]),
@@ -542,7 +679,9 @@ impl SplitUi {
         ([x, y, bw, bh], label, target, active): &Button,
     ) {
         let (mut x, mut y, mut bw, mut bh) = (*x, *y, *bw, *bh);
-        let hover = *active && ui::hovered(cursor, x, y, bw, bh);
+        // While a player is held, only its tile is lit: the controller's pointer stays where
+        // the pick-up was, over whichever tile is there now.
+        let hover = *active && self.held.is_none() && ui::hovered(cursor, x, y, bw, bh);
         let selected = matches!(target, Target::Player(i) if Some(*i) == self.selected);
         if matches!(target, Target::Player(_)) {
             (x, y, bw, bh) = (x + 1.0, y + 1.0, (bw - 2.0).max(4.0), (bh - 2.0).max(4.0));
@@ -571,6 +710,16 @@ impl SplitUi {
             *active,
             hover || selected,
         );
+        // The held player: "< Name >", the arrows lit, for left and right.
+        if matches!(target, Target::Player(i) if self.held.as_ref().is_some_and(|h| h.player == *i))
+        {
+            let (half, cx) = (HudBatch::text_width(atlas, label) / 2.0, x + bw / 2.0);
+            let ty = (y + (bh - 8.0) / 2.0).floor();
+            let lit = rgba(255, 255, 85, 255);
+            let lw = HudBatch::text_width(atlas, "<");
+            batch.text(atlas, "<", (cx - half - 4.0 - lw).floor(), ty, lit, true);
+            batch.text(atlas, ">", (cx + half + 4.0).ceil(), ty, lit, true);
+        }
         // A layout's square: its panes, in a 14 x 10 window; Auto a letter. Its name for the
         // control socket, which lists widgets by what they say.
         if glyph.is_some() {
@@ -601,7 +750,19 @@ impl SplitUi {
         buttons: &[Button],
     ) {
         let (w, h) = (batch.width, batch.height);
+        let held = self.held.as_ref().map(|h| {
+            let who = self
+                .names
+                .get(h.player)
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| tr("this_player", &[]));
+            match h.at {
+                Some(k) => tr("note.held_at", &[&who, &h.spots[k].0]),
+                None => tr("note.held", &[&who]),
+            }
+        });
         let note = match self.selected {
+            _ if held.is_some() => held.unwrap_or_default(),
             None => tr("note.select", &[]),
             Some(_) if self.edit.is_some() => tr("note.apply", &[]),
             Some(i) => tr(
@@ -651,6 +812,10 @@ impl SplitUi {
     /// A press at `(x, y)` on a screen `w` x `h`, or the mouse moving with it held (`drag`).
     pub fn click(&mut self, (x, y): (f32, f32), (w, h): (f32, f32), drag: bool) -> Click {
         self.size = (w, h);
+        // The mouse takes over from a player held with the controller.
+        if !drag {
+            self.held = None;
+        }
         if drag {
             if let Some((_, at)) = &mut self.drag {
                 *at = Some((x, y));
@@ -690,6 +855,7 @@ impl SplitUi {
             }
             Target::Identify => self.identify = true,
             Target::Names => self.toggle_names = true,
+            Target::GiveUpPad => self.give_up_pad = true,
             Target::Revert => self.edit = None,
             Target::Apply => {
                 // Windows emptied in the draft close now, not as players moved.
@@ -1237,6 +1403,133 @@ mod tests {
         // Alone: neither.
         assert_eq!(labels(&screen(1)).count(), 0);
     }
+
+    fn centre(ui: &SplitUi, label: &str) -> (f32, f32) {
+        let [x, y, w, h] = rect(ui, label);
+        (x + w / 2.0, y + h / 2.0)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_controller_picks_a_player_up_moves_it_and_drops_it() {
+        let mut ui = screen(2);
+        ui.size = SIZE;
+        assert!(ui.pad_pick_up(centre(&ui, "P2")));
+        // Nothing moves until the bumpers do; then the map shows it there: the places in Window 1
+        // first, then a new window.
+        assert_eq!(ui.draft().unwrap().players, [1, 1]);
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(ui.draft().unwrap().players, [1, 2]);
+        assert_eq!(ui.edit, None);
+        // Right again: filling the TV; A drops it there, into the draft.
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper));
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::South));
+        let draft = ui.edit.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(draft.players, [1, 2]);
+        assert_eq!(draft.windows[1].placement, Placement::Fill("TV".into()));
+        // Not held any more: the buttons go back to the menu.
+        assert!(!ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_controller_moves_a_player_to_a_place_among_the_others() {
+        let mut ui = screen(2);
+        ui.size = SIZE;
+        assert!(ui.pad_pick_up(centre(&ui, "P2")));
+        let stops: Vec<String> = ui
+            .held
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap()
+            .spots
+            .iter()
+            .map(|s| s.0.clone())
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            &stops[..3],
+            ["Window 1 (1 of 2)", "Window 1 (2 of 2)", "New window"]
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !stops.iter().any(|s| s.starts_with("Swap")),
+            "no swaps: it joins"
+        );
+        // RB to the first place: before P1.
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper));
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::South));
+        assert_eq!(ui.edit.as_ref().unwrap().order, [1, 0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn idle_replaces_preview_but_keeps_the_switch_and_pad_handoff() {
+        let mut ui = screen(1);
+        ui.on = true;
+        ui.idle = true;
+        ui.p1_pad = true;
+        assert_eq!(ui.status_lines().unwrap()[0], "Splitscreen idle");
+        assert!(ui.map(SIZE.0, SIZE.1).2.is_empty());
+        let buttons = ui.buttons(SIZE.0, SIZE.1);
+        assert!(buttons.iter().any(|b| b.2 == Target::GiveUpPad));
+        assert!(
+            !buttons
+                .iter()
+                .any(|b| matches!(b.2, Target::Player(_) | Target::Apply | Target::Revert))
+        );
+        press(&mut ui, "Give Up Pad");
+        assert!(ui.give_up_pad);
+        ui.idle = false;
+        assert!(ui.status_lines().is_none());
+        assert_eq!(ui.map(SIZE.0, SIZE.1).2.len(), 1);
+        ui.on = false;
+        assert_eq!(ui.status_lines().unwrap()[0], "Splitscreen is off.");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn give_up_pad_shows_only_while_p1_has_one() {
+        let mut ui = screen(1);
+        ui.on = true;
+        let shown = |ui: &SplitUi| {
+            ui.buttons(SIZE.0, SIZE.1)
+                .iter()
+                .any(|b| b.2 == Target::GiveUpPad)
+        };
+        assert!(!shown(&ui));
+        ui.p1_pad = true;
+        assert!(shown(&ui));
+        press(&mut ui, "Give Up Pad");
+        assert!(ui.give_up_pad);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn b_puts_a_held_player_back() {
+        let mut ui = screen(2);
+        ui.size = SIZE;
+        assert!(ui.pad_pick_up(centre(&ui, "P2")));
+        ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper);
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::East));
+        assert_eq!(ui.edit, None);
+        assert_eq!(ui.draft().unwrap().players, [1, 1]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dropped_or_put_back_one_highlight_and_the_focus_follows() {
+        let mut ui = screen(2);
+        ui.size = SIZE;
+        assert!(ui.pad_pick_up(centre(&ui, "P2")));
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::RightBumper)); // to a new window
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::South));
+        // Not selected (the focus is its highlight), and the focus goes to its new tile.
+        assert_eq!(ui.selected, None);
+        assert_eq!(ui.take_refocus(), Some(rect(&ui, "P2")));
+        assert_eq!(ui.take_refocus(), None);
+        // Put back: the same.
+        assert!(ui.pad_pick_up(centre(&ui, "P2")));
+        assert!(ui.pad_button(PadButton::East));
+        assert_eq!(
+            (ui.selected, ui.take_refocus()),
+            (None, Some(rect(&ui, "P2")))
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn locale_switch_and_pack_overrides_keep_the_same_draft() {
         // The language table is process-wide. Run this test alone in a child so

crates/horizon-client-render/src/sprites.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 //! Shared nearest-sampled sprite array for block and item textures.
 use crate::Result;
 use horizon_assets::animation::{AnimationClip, AnimationMetadata};
-use std::{
-    collections::BTreeMap,
-    fs::{self, File},
-    io::BufReader,
-    path::Path,
-    sync::Arc,
-};
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, path::Path, sync::Arc};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SpriteAnimation {
@@ -427,7 +421,9 @@ impl Sprites {
         per_tile: bool,
     ) -> Result<Vec<Option<u32>>> {
         let path = crate::atlas_sources::texture_path(root, name, "textures");
-        let metadata = match fs::read_to_string(path.with_extension("png.mcmeta")) {
+        let metadata = match horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(
+            &path.with_extension("png.mcmeta"),
+        ) {
             Ok(text) => Some(serde_json::from_str::<
                 BTreeMap<String, Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>,
             >(&text)?),
@@ -536,7 +532,9 @@ impl Sprites {
         Self::decode_file(&path, name)
     }
     fn decode_file(path: &Path, name: &str) -> Result<crate::sprite_cache::Decoded> {
-        let metadata = match fs::read_to_string(path.with_extension("png.mcmeta")) {
+        let metadata = match horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(
+            &path.with_extension("png.mcmeta"),
+        ) {
             Ok(text) => Some(serde_json::from_str::<
                 BTreeMap<String, Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>,
             >(&text)?),
@@ -694,9 +692,12 @@ impl Sprites {
     }
 }
 
-/// A PNG's width, height and pixels as RGBA.
+/// A PNG's width, height and pixels as RGBA. From the prepared data file
+/// when it holds the texture: no file opened per texture, nor for its absent
+/// LabPBR maps.
 fn read_rgba(path: &Path) -> Result<(u32, u32, Vec<u8>)> {
-    let mut decoder = png::Decoder::new(BufReader::new(File::open(path)?));
+    let bytes = horizon_core::prepared_files::read(path)?;
+    let mut decoder = png::Decoder::new(std::io::Cursor::new(bytes));
     decoder.ignore_checksums(true);
     decoder.set_transformations(png::Transformations::EXPAND | png::Transformations::STRIP_16);
     let mut reader = decoder.read_info()?;
@@ -792,6 +793,7 @@ pub(crate) fn sprite_mipmap_limit(requested: u32, size: u32, minimum: u32, avail
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use std::fs::{self, File};
     #[test]
     fn the_texture_budget_picks_the_largest_side_that_fits() {
         // 1300 layers: vanilla's count, about.

crates/horizon-client-render/src/trims.rs

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl TrimTexture {
         let Some(palette) = &self.palette else {
             return Some((w, h, pixels));
         };
-        let base = fs::read(path.with_extension("png.mcmeta"))
+        let base = horizon_core::prepared_files::read(&path.with_extension("png.mcmeta"))
             .ok()
             .and_then(|b| serde_json::from_slice::<Value>(&b).ok())
             .and_then(|m| {
@@ -241,9 +241,10 @@ pub fn slot_size(root: &Path) -> (u32, u32) {
 
 /// The width and height in a PNG's IHDR chunk.
 fn png_size(path: &Path) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-    use std::io::Read;
-    let mut head = [0u8; 24];
-    fs::File::open(path).ok()?.read_exact(&mut head).ok()?;
+    let head: [u8; 24] = horizon_core::prepared_files::read_head(path, 24)
+        .ok()?
+        .try_into()
+        .ok()?;
     let be = |i: usize| u32::from_be_bytes(head[i..i + 4].try_into().unwrap());
     (&head[12..16] == b"IHDR").then(|| (be(16), be(20)))
 }

crates/horizon-client/assets/horizon/lang/en_us.json

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
   "horizon.pages.extras": "Horizon Extras",
   "horizon.pages.settings": "Horizon Settings",
   "horizon.pages.agent": "AI Agent",
+  "horizon.split.leave": "Leave",
   "horizon.pages.split_settings": "Splitscreen Settings",
   "horizon.pages.split_profiles": "Who's playing?",
   "horizon.pages.split_setup": "Splitscreen Setup",
@@ -362,6 +363,21 @@
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.revert": "Undo the changes not applied yet.",
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.apply": "Play the way the map shows.",
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.unchanged": "Nothing changed yet.",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.give_up_pad": "Give Up Pad",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_connected": "Controller connected",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_disconnected": "Controller disconnected",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_disconnected.hint": "Reconnect it, or press a button on another",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.one": "%s wants to join",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.many": "%s controllers want to join",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.yes": "Join",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.as_p1": "Play as P1",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.no": "No",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost": "%s: controller disconnected",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost.use_another": "Use another",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost.leave": "Leave",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.give_up_pad": "Your controller stops driving you and is offered to join (A).",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.note.held_at": "%s to %s: A drops it here, B puts it back.",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.note.held": "%s picked up: left/right picks where, A drops, B puts it back.",
   "Culling": "Culling",
   "Hides models behind opaque blocks. Async checks off-thread; entities tick.": "Hides models behind opaque blocks. Async checks off-thread; entities tick.",
   "Block Entities": "Block Entities",

crates/horizon-client/assets/horizon/lang/fr_fr.json

@@ -347,6 +347,21 @@
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.revert": "Annuler les modifications pas encore appliquées.",
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.apply": "Jouer comme le montre la carte.",
   "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.unchanged": "Rien n'a encore changé.",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.give_up_pad": "Céder la manette",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_connected": "Manette connectée",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_disconnected": "Manette déconnectée",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.controller_disconnected.hint": "Reconnectez-la, ou appuyez sur un bouton d'une autre",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.one": "%s veut rejoindre",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.many": "%s manettes veulent rejoindre",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.yes": "Rejoindre",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.as_p1": "Jouer en J1",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.join.no": "Non",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost": "%s : manette déconnectée",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost.use_another": "Utiliser une autre",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.prompt.lost.leave": "Quitter",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.help.give_up_pad": "Votre manette ne vous contrôle plus et peut rejoindre la partie (A).",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.note.held_at": "%s vers %s : A le dépose ici, B le remet en place.",
+  "horizon.splitscreen.setup.note.held": "%s est pris : gauche/droite choisit où, A dépose, B remet en place.",
   "Culling": "Occlusion",
   "Hides models behind opaque blocks. Async checks off-thread; entities tick.": "Masque les modèles derrière les blocs opaques. Vérification en arrière-plan ; les entités continuent.",
   "Leaf Culling": "Occlusion feuillage",

crates/horizon-client/src/arrows.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 //! when the block goes, and despawning. The tick stops at an entity it hits:
 //! the game hurts the entity (`projectile_hit`), then `finish_entity_hit`
 //! spends the arrow or turns it back and ends the tick.
+use crate::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use crate::{
     blocks::BlockFacts,
     collisions::SceneCollisions,
@@ -777,9 +778,9 @@ impl Ticker<'_, '_, '_, '_> {
         if !self.st.was_touching_water {
             self.p.velocity = self.p.velocity.scale(f64::from(0.99f32));
         }
-        if physics && !self.st.in_ground && !self.p.no_gravity {
+        if physics && !self.st.in_ground {
             // Entity.applyGravity: AbstractArrow.getDefaultGravity, none with NoGravity.
-            self.add_velocity(-0.05);
+            self.add_velocity(-self.p.get_gravity());
         }
         // Projectile.tick, then Entity.baseTick's fluid and fire phases.
         if !self.st.has_been_shot {

crates/horizon-client/src/client_lib.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ pub mod end_gateway;
 pub mod entities;
 pub mod entity_culling;
 pub mod entity_nbt;
+pub mod entity_rules;
 pub mod extras_hud;
 pub mod falling_block;
 pub mod fire_render;

crates/horizon-client/src/entities.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 //! piston that is carrying slime), water buoyancy, pickup delay, 6000-tick despawn,
 //! `HoneyBlock.entityInside` when falling against a honey block's side, and
 //! `BubbleColumnBlock.entityInside` (lift / drag, including the surface jump).
+use crate::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use crate::{
     blocks::{BlockFacts, Fluid},
     collisions::SceneCollisions,
@@ -135,6 +136,26 @@ impl ItemEnvironmentTick {
         self.lava_hurt && (!self.alive || tick.is_multiple_of(10))
     }
 }
+impl crate::entity_rules::EntityRules for ItemEntity {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `ItemEntity.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.04
+    }
+}
+impl crate::entity_rules::EntityRules for ExperienceOrb {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `ExperienceOrb.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.03
+    }
+}
+/// An armor stand keeps no `NoGravity` flag yet, so it takes the defaults.
+impl crate::entity_rules::EntityRules for ArmorStand {}
 impl ItemEntity {
     pub const WIDTH: f64 = 0.25;
     pub fn bounds(&self) -> Aabb {
@@ -263,9 +284,7 @@ impl ItemEntity {
                 self.velocity.z * 0.95,
             );
         } else {
-            if !self.no_gravity {
-                self.velocity.y -= 0.04;
-            }
+            self.velocity.y -= self.get_gravity();
         }
         let horizontal = self.velocity.x * self.velocity.x + self.velocity.z * self.velocity.z;
         // ItemEntity.tick: skip move 3 of 4 ticks while grounded with no
@@ -856,8 +875,8 @@ impl ExperienceOrb {
                 (self.velocity.y + 5.0e-4).min(0.06),
                 self.velocity.z * 0.99,
             );
-        } else if !colliding && !self.no_gravity {
-            self.velocity.y -= 0.03;
+        } else if !colliding {
+            self.velocity.y -= self.get_gravity();
         }
         if facts.get(block).fluid == Fluid::Lava {
             // ExperienceOrb.tick: lava throws the orb back out.

crates/horizon-client/src/entity_rules.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//! PURPOSE: `Entity`'s gravity and fluid-push rules, decided once for every kind.
+//! WHY: each kind used to check its own `NoGravity` flag and pick its own
+//! number, so a kind that forgot the check ignored the flag (#6481).
+//! REFS: vanilla `Entity.isNoGravity`, `getDefaultGravity`, `getGravity`,
+//! `applyGravity`, `isPushedByFluid`; issue #6509, slice #6544.
+//! LOGS: none. READS-BY: the kinds' ticks in this crate and in `game/`.
+//! ENDS-WHEN: kinds share one stored `Entity` state and this folds into it.
+
+/// The rules vanilla's `Entity` answers for every kind. A kind overrides one
+/// only where its vanilla class does; the defaults are `Entity`'s.
+pub trait EntityRules {
+    /// `Entity.isNoGravity` (`NoGravity` in the save).
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+    /// `Entity.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.0
+    }
+    /// `Entity.getGravity`: none with `NoGravity`, else the kind's default.
+    /// `applyGravity` subtracts this from the vertical velocity.
+    fn get_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        if self.is_no_gravity() {
+            0.0
+        } else {
+            self.get_default_gravity()
+        }
+    }
+    /// `Entity.isPushedByFluid`.
+    fn is_pushed_by_fluid(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}

crates/horizon-client/src/game.rs

@@ -5557,9 +5557,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     fn fall_step(&mut self, f: &mut FallingBlock, entity_drops: bool) -> Result<FallStep> {
         f.previous = f.position;
         f.age = f.age.wrapping_add(1);
-        if !f.no_gravity {
-            f.velocity.y -= 0.04;
-        }
+        f.velocity.y -= horizon_client::entity_rules::EntityRules::get_gravity(f);
         let mut wanted = f.velocity;
         // Entity.move: a cobweb it was in scales this move, which then
         // starts from rest.
@@ -11532,11 +11530,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         // attack strength scales the base damage.
         let enchant_bonus = self.enchanted_damage(target_kind, damage) - damage;
         let mut amount = damage * (0.2 + scale * scale * 0.8);
+        // Player.attack decides the critical hit only for a hit with base or
+        // enchantment damage: checked before the mace's smash bonus is added.
+        let damaging = amount > 0.0 || enchant_bonus * scale > 0.0;
         // Item.getAttackDamageBonus (a mace's smash), before the critical hit.
         amount += self.smash_damage_bonus(target_kind);
-        let crit = living && self.critical_attack(scale);
+        let vanilla_crit = living && self.critical_attack(scale);
+        let mut crit = vanilla_crit;
+        let mut multiplier = if vanilla_crit { 1.5 } else { 1.0 };
+        if living && damaging {
+            self.native_critical_hit(target_kind, vanilla_crit, &mut crit, &mut multiplier);
+        }
         if crit {
-            amount *= 1.5;
+            amount *= multiplier;
         }
         // Enchantment damage (sharpness, smite, bane) scaled by the attack strength.
         amount += enchant_bonus * scale;
@@ -11615,16 +11621,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// strength, then strong or weak, or the sweep around the vehicle's
     /// box `area`. Before the hit resets the charge (`Player.onAttack`).
     pub(super) fn vehicle_attack_sounds(&mut self, area: Aabb, magic: Option<i32>) {
-        self.attack_effects(area, None, mace::Spared::Nothing, magic);
+        self.attack_effects(area, None, false, mace::Spared::Nothing, magic);
     }
     /// `Player.attack` after a target that is not a mob took the hit:
     /// the sprint knockback sound, a living target's critical hit (`living`:
-    /// its entity id, which makes the hit critical when the player falls),
-    /// the sweep around the target's box `area` and the strong or weak sound.
+    /// its entity id; `crit`: whether `melee_damage` decided the hit critical,
+    /// mods' `critical_hit` included), the sweep around the target's box `area`
+    /// and the strong or weak sound.
     pub(super) fn attack_effects(
         &mut self,
         area: Aabb,
         living: Option<i32>,
+        crit: bool,
         spared: mace::Spared,
         magic: Option<i32>,
     ) {
@@ -11636,7 +11644,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.audio
                 .play("minecraft:entity.player.attack.knockback", from, 1.0, 1.0);
         }
-        let crit = living.is_some() && self.critical_attack(scale);
+        let crit = living.is_some() && crit;
         let sweep = self.sweep_attack_position(scale, crit);
         if let Some(at) = sweep {
             self.sweep_attack(at, from, Some((area, spared)), scale);

crates/horizon-client/src/game/armor_stands.rs

@@ -660,11 +660,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if !self.before_block(d) || self.mob_hit().is_some_and(|m| m.1 < d) {
             return false;
         }
-        let (_, _, _, magic) = self.melee_damage("minecraft:armor_stand", true);
+        let (_, _, crit, magic) = self.melee_damage("minecraft:armor_stand", true);
         let hurt = self.hit_armor_stand(i, |g, area, id| {
             g.attack_effects(
                 area,
                 Some(id as i32),
+                crit,
                 super::mace::Spared::Stand(id),
                 magic.then_some(id as i32),
             );

crates/horizon-client/src/game/boats.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 //! paddling controls, collisions, riding (`positionRider`, `clampRotation`,
 //! dismounting), `BoatItem` placement, `VehicleEntity.hurtServer` breaking,
 //! saving and `AbstractBoatRenderer` with animated paddles.
-use super::{Game, InteractTarget, Keys, entity_culling::at, view_vector};
+use super::{Game, InteractTarget, Keys, entity::Entity, entity_culling::at, view_vector};
+use horizon_client::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use horizon_client::{
     blocks::Fluid,
     collisions::{EntityCollisions, SceneCollisions},
@@ -586,17 +587,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         // `Entity.baseTick`: the boat is immersed and pushed by the current it
         // sits in (`isPushedByFluid`), before `floatBoat` scales the velocity.
-        let _ = horizon_client::entities::update_entity_fluids(
-            b.bounds(),
-            b.position,
-            b.position.y + HEIGHT,
-            &mut b.velocity,
-            &self.world,
-            &self.res.motion().fluids,
-        );
+        let _ = b.push_by_fluid(&self.world, &self.res.motion().fluids);
         // floatBoat
         // `-getGravity()`: none with NoGravity.
-        let mut vspeed = if b.no_gravity { 0.0 } else { -0.04 };
+        let mut vspeed = 0.0 - b.get_gravity();
         let mut buoyancy = 0.0;
         let inv_friction: f32;
         let obstacles = self.boat_move_obstacles(&b);
@@ -683,11 +677,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             b.velocity.z += f64::from(r.cos() * acceleration);
             b.paddling = [right && !left || up, left && !right || up];
         }
-        // Entity.move: collisions zero the blocked components.
+        // Entity.move: collisions zero the blocked components, the world border's
+        // among them (`CollisionGetter.borderCollision`).
         let mut scene = EntityCollisions {
             blocks: scene,
             entities: &obstacles,
-            border: None,
+            border: Some((self.border.geometry(), [b.position.x, b.position.z])),
         };
         if let Ok(moved) = scene.resolve(b.bounds(), b.velocity, 0.0, b.on_ground) {
             b.position = Vec3::new(

crates/horizon-client/src/game/chat.rs

@@ -1335,7 +1335,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// Load per-world command state when a world opens.
     pub(super) fn load_world_state(&mut self) {
-        self.ui.rules = GameRules::load(&self.world_root);
+        self.ui.rules =
+            GameRules::load_with_features(&self.world_root, &self.level.enabled_features);
         self.ui.clock = WorldClock::default();
         // PrimaryLevelData: the difficulty comes back from level.dat's difficulty_settings.
         self.ui.difficulty = self.level.difficulty_id();

crates/horizon-client/src/game/commands.rs

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if self.client_mod_command(command) {
             return true;
         }
-        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher();
+        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features);
         let parse = d.parse(command, &self.ui.registries);
         let result = match parse.executable() {
             Err(e) => {
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
     fn cmd_help(&mut self, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
-        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher();
+        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features);
         let level = self.ui.registries.permission;
         match ctx.get("command") {
             None => {

crates/horizon-client/src/game/commands/execute.rs

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// Run one command line with `source` (no error reporting): the entry
     /// for functions and `execute run`.
     pub(in crate::game) fn execute_line(&mut self, line: &str, source: Source) -> R<i32> {
-        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher();
+        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features);
         let parse = d.parse(line, &self.ui.registries);
         let (ctx, _) = parse.executable()?;
         let ctx = ctx.clone();

crates/horizon-client/src/game/creatures.rs

@@ -1711,6 +1711,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.creatures.projectiles.push(p);
         self.native_projectile_launch(player, &name, id, kind);
     }
+    /// `MushroomCow.shear`'s `sendParticles(EXPLOSION, x, getY(0.5), z, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)`:
+    /// one puff over a sheared mooshroom, half its `height` up, shown here and to
+    /// the players within range.
+    pub(super) fn mooshroom_shear_puff(&mut self, at: [f64; 3], height: f64) {
+        let at = [at[0], at[1] + 0.5 * height, at[2]];
+        let options = ParticleOptions::simple(ParticleType::Explosion);
+        self.particles
+            .send_particles(&options, at, [0.0; 3], 0.0, 1);
+        self.lan_level_particles(None, &options, at, [0.0; 3], 0.0, 1, None);
+    }
     /// `Entity.sendBubbleColumnParticles` at the top of the column block `pos`: two
     /// splashes and two bubbles over it, which the level random places, shown here
     /// and to the players within range.
@@ -5165,6 +5175,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         // `Some(true)` for the four spell particles, `Some(false)` for the two
         // smoke puffs of a cow that already holds effects.
         let mut stew_particles: Option<bool> = None;
+        // `MushroomCow.shear`: where, and how tall, the mooshroom that was sheared stood.
+        let mut shear_puff: Option<([f64; 3], f64)> = None;
         // `Ocelot.mobInteract`: whether the fish won its trust.
         let mut ocelot_trust: Option<bool> = None;
         match species {
@@ -5208,6 +5220,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     "minecraft:red_mushroom"
                 };
                 drops.push((mushroom.into(), 5));
+                shear_puff = Some((
+                    [m.position.x, m.position.y, m.position.z],
+                    f64::from(m.height()),
+                ));
                 m.removed = true;
                 let setup = SpawnSetup {
                     yaw: m.yaw,
@@ -5753,6 +5769,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             self.trigger_item_entity("minecraft:player_sheared_equipment", &stack, &target);
             self.spawn_item(stack, [center[0], center[1] + 0.5, center[2]], [0.0; 3], 10);
         }
+        if let Some((at, height)) = shear_puff {
+            self.mooshroom_shear_puff(at, height);
+        }
         let mut drops: Vec<ItemStack> = drops
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(item, count)| ItemStack::new(&item, count))

crates/horizon-client/src/game/dedicated.rs

@@ -637,6 +637,8 @@ struct ServerState {
     max_players: usize,
     /// The mutable `gamemode` server property (`DedicatedServer.gameMode`).
     game_mode: i32,
+    /// The mutable `force-gamemode` server property (`DedicatedServer.forceGameMode`).
+    force_game_mode: bool,
 }
 
 /// The dedicated-only commands' replies vanilla sends with `broadcast`
@@ -1005,6 +1007,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             broadcast_rcon: props.broadcast_rcon_to_ops,
             op_level: props.op_permission_level,
             game_mode: props.game_mode,
+            force_game_mode: props.force_game_mode,
             report: None,
             view: (
                 props.view_distance.clamp(2, 32) as u32,

crates/horizon-client/src/game/dedicated/management.rs

@@ -89,6 +89,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 self.set_default_game_mode(state.game_mode);
                 return json!({ "value": GAME_MODES[state.game_mode as usize] });
             }
+            "serversettings/force_game_mode" => {
+                return json!({ "value": state.force_game_mode });
+            }
+            "serversettings/force_game_mode/set" => {
+                let Some(force) = body["value"].as_bool() else {
+                    return json!({ "error": "force game mode must be a boolean" });
+                };
+                rpc(format!(
+                    "Update force game mode from {} to {}",
+                    state.force_game_mode, force
+                ));
+                self.store_property("force-gamemode", force.to_string());
+                state.force_game_mode = force;
+                self.set_force_game_mode(force);
+                return json!({ "value": state.force_game_mode });
+            }
             "serversettings/difficulty" => {
                 return json!({ "value": DIFFICULTIES[self.level.difficulty_id() as usize] });
             }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/dispenser.rs

@@ -1951,6 +1951,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                         .play("minecraft:entity.mooshroom.shear", sound_at, 1.0, 1.0);
                     // convertTo(COW): the cow takes its place, then the mushrooms drop.
                     self.convert_mob(i, "minecraft:cow");
+                    self.mooshroom_shear_puff([at.x, at.y, at.z], height);
                     let drops = self.sequence_loot(
                         "minecraft:shearing/mooshroom",
                         &format!("minecraft:shearing/mooshroom/{variant}"),

crates/horizon-client/src/game/dragon.rs

@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let hurt = self.hit_special(id, amount, true, DamageKind::PlayerAttack, None);
         // The sweep and the sounds read the charge, which the hit then spends.
         if let (Some(area), Hurt::Landed { .. }) = (area, hurt) {
-            self.attack_effects(area, None, super::mace::Spared::Nothing, None);
+            self.attack_effects(area, None, false, super::mace::Spared::Nothing, None);
         }
         self.attack_ticks = 0;
         true
@@ -3304,6 +3304,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             head_yaw: d.yaw,
             on_ground: false,
             velocity: [d.velocity.x, d.velocity.y, d.velocity.z],
+            minecart_steps: None,
             data: 0,
             meta,
             defaults: Vec::new(),
@@ -3316,6 +3317,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             leash: None,
             spectator: false,
             watching: false,
+            hidden: None,
         })
     }
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/entity.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use super::{
     boats::Boat, fireworks::Rocket, minecarts::Minecart, tnt::PrimedTnt, trident::ThrownTrident,
 };
 use horizon_client::entities::{ArmorStand, ExperienceOrb, ItemEntity};
+use horizon_client::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use horizon_client::mobs::{Mob, Species};
 use horizon_client::projectiles::Projectile;
 use horizon_core::geometry::{Aabb, Direction, Vec3};
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ pub(super) struct Blast {
     pub(super) spared: Option<u32>,
 }
 
-pub(super) trait Entity {
+pub(super) trait Entity: EntityRules {
     /// `Entity.getId`.
     fn id(&self) -> u32;
     fn position(&self) -> Vec3;
@@ -134,6 +135,51 @@ pub(super) trait Entity {
     fn is_supported_by(&self, _pos: BlockPos) -> bool {
         false
     }
+    /// `Entity.getEyeY`, where `updateFluidHeightAndDoFluidPushing` reads the
+    /// eye's fluid; the top of the box unless a kind sets it.
+    fn fluid_eye_y(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.bounds().max_position().y
+    }
+    /// `Entity.updateFluidHeightAndDoFluidPushing`: its water and lava heights
+    /// (`(0, 0)` for a kind that is not pushed by fluid), and the current of
+    /// each fluid added to its velocity. One body for every kind.
+    fn push_by_fluid(
+        &mut self,
+        world: &horizon_client::world::World,
+        fluids: &horizon_client::motion::FluidResources,
+    ) -> (f64, f64) {
+        if !self.is_pushed_by_fluid() {
+            return (0.0, 0.0);
+        }
+        let (bounds, at, eye) = (self.bounds(), self.position(), self.fluid_eye_y());
+        horizon_client::entities::update_entity_fluids(
+            bounds,
+            at,
+            eye,
+            self.velocity_mut(),
+            world,
+            fluids,
+        )
+    }
+    /// `BubbleColumnBlock.entityInside` through `applyEffectsFromBlocks`: a
+    /// column lifts or drags every kind alike.
+    fn push_by_bubble_column(
+        &mut self,
+        world: &horizon_client::world::World,
+        registry: &horizon_world::registry::BlockRegistry,
+        facts: &horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts,
+        collision: &horizon_world::block_collision::BlockCollisionRegistry<'_>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let bounds = self.bounds();
+        horizon_client::motion::bubble_column_push(
+            world,
+            registry,
+            facts,
+            collision,
+            bounds,
+            self.velocity_mut(),
+        )
+    }
     /// `Entity.getPistonPushReaction`.
     fn get_piston_push_reaction(&self) -> PushReaction {
         PushReaction::PushPull
@@ -500,6 +546,10 @@ impl Entity for ExperienceOrb {
 
 impl Entity for Boat {
     stored_motion!();
+    /// `Boat.getEyeY`: the top of the 0.5625 box.
+    fn fluid_eye_y(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.position.y + super::boats::HEIGHT
+    }
     fn portal_size(&self) -> Option<(f32, f32)> {
         Some((super::boats::WIDTH as f32, super::boats::HEIGHT as f32))
     }
@@ -631,6 +681,10 @@ impl Entity for ArmorStand {
 
 impl Entity for PrimedTnt {
     stored_motion!();
+    /// `PrimedTnt` eye height: `0.98 * 0.85`.
+    fn fluid_eye_y(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.position.y + f64::from(0.98f32 * 0.85f32)
+    }
     /// `PrimedTnt` is 0.98 across.
     fn portal_size(&self) -> Option<(f32, f32)> {
         Some((0.98, 0.98))
@@ -782,3 +836,42 @@ impl Entity for ThrownTrident {
         false
     }
 }
+
+impl EntityRules for Rocket {}
+impl EntityRules for ThrownTrident {}
+impl EntityRules for Boat {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `AbstractBoat.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.04
+    }
+}
+impl EntityRules for Minecart {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `AbstractMinecart.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        if self.in_water { 0.005 } else { 0.04 }
+    }
+}
+impl EntityRules for PrimedTnt {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `PrimedTnt.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.04
+    }
+}
+impl EntityRules for FallingBlock {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// `FallingBlockEntity.getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        0.04
+    }
+}

crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ pub(super) fn reload_sync_data(
     let packs = !overlay.files.is_empty() || kept.has_pack_entries();
     let sync = SyncData::load(root, overlay).map(|mut sync| {
         sync.keep_registries(root, kept);
+        sync.features.clone_from(&kept.features);
         Arc::new(sync)
     });
     *SYNC.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()) = Some((packs, sync.clone()));
@@ -1286,7 +1287,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         config: HubConfig,
         host: Option<u128>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let sync = sync_data(&self.options.resources, &self.pack_files())?;
+        let mut sync = sync_data(&self.options.resources, &self.pack_files())?;
+        let features = if self.level.enabled_features.is_empty() {
+            vec!["minecraft:vanilla".to_owned()]
+        } else {
+            self.level.enabled_features.clone()
+        };
+        if sync.features.iter().any(|f| !features.contains(f))
+            || features.iter().any(|f| !sync.features.contains(f))
+        {
+            // The shared resource preload has vanilla flags. Feature flags belong
+            // to this world, not to the cached resources or the next world opened.
+            let mut world_sync = SyncData::load(&self.options.resources, &self.pack_files())?;
+            world_sync.features = features;
+            sync = Arc::new(world_sync);
+        }
         self.sync_dialog_ids(&sync);
         // The table the world plays with (`world_biomes!`): a world with
         // biome data packs sends their ids past the built-in list, as the
@@ -1695,6 +1710,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Apply the default mode to connected players when forcing it is enabled.
+    pub(super) fn set_force_game_mode(&mut self, force: bool) {
+        if let Some(host) = self.lan.as_mut() {
+            host.settings.force_game_mode = force;
+            host.hub.config.force_game_mode = force;
+            enforce_guest_game_mode(host, &self.world, self.collision);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// New command access and game mode forcing settings of the open world.
     pub(super) fn lan_apply_settings(&mut self, guest_commands: bool, force: bool) {
         if let Some(server) = &self.integrated {
@@ -1706,11 +1730,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let effective = guest_commands && (!self.serving() || self.allow_commands());
         if let Some(host) = self.lan.as_mut() {
             host.settings.guest_commands = guest_commands;
-            host.settings.force_game_mode = force;
             host.hub.config.guest_commands = effective;
-            host.hub.config.force_game_mode = force;
-            enforce_guest_game_mode(host, &self.world, self.collision);
         }
+        self.set_force_game_mode(force);
         self.resend_commands_filtered();
     }
 
@@ -1773,11 +1795,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// The entities guests track: mobs, items and the rest (game/lan_entities.rs).
     /// `mob_players` is the guest each mob sees as its player (game/lan_mobs.rs).
     fn lan_entities(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         host_entity: Option<i32>,
         mob_players: &horizon_client::fast_hash::FxHashMap<u32, u32>,
         hub: &mut Hub,
         out: &mut States,
+        drain_minecart_steps: bool,
     ) {
         out.clear();
         for m in self.mobs.iter().filter(|m| !m.removed) {
@@ -1843,7 +1866,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             e.meta
                 .push((8, serializer::INT, Value::Int(o.value as i32)));
         }
-        self.lan_object_states(host_entity, hub, out);
+        self.lan_object_states(host_entity, hub, out, drain_minecart_steps);
     }
 
     /// Apply gameplay events produced while the hub handles guest packets.
@@ -2191,11 +2214,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     .filter_map(|g| Some((g.vehicle?, g.entity_id)))
                     .collect();
                 self.lan_riding(host_entity, &guests, &mut host.hub.riding);
-                self.lan_entities(host_entity, &host.mob_players, &mut host.hub, &mut states);
+                self.lan_entities(
+                    host_entity,
+                    &host.mob_players,
+                    &mut host.hub,
+                    &mut states,
+                    true,
+                );
                 self.lan_hook_states(host_entity, &host.play, &host.hub, &mut states);
                 self.lan_entity_uuids(&mut states);
             } else {
                 states.clear();
+                // Nobody can receive past movement. A returning viewer pairs
+                // from the cart's current position/rotation, as AddEntity does.
+                for cart in &mut self.carts {
+                    cart.lerp_steps.clear();
+                }
             }
             // ServerEntity.sendChanges clears needsSync once it has looked.
             for m in &mut self.mobs {
@@ -2430,7 +2464,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 return;
             }
             // A dedicated server has no host player.
-            self.lan_entities(None, &host.mob_players, &mut host.hub, &mut theirs);
+            self.lan_entities(None, &host.mob_players, &mut host.hub, &mut theirs, false);
             self.lan_hook_states(None, &host.play, &host.hub, &mut theirs);
             self.lan_entity_uuids(&mut theirs);
             theirs.as_slice()
@@ -2566,6 +2600,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             EquipmentSlot::Body => 65,
             EquipmentSlot::Saddle => 68,
         };
+        // The mods hear a server player's break (a creative player's gear takes no wear).
+        if !self.creative
+            && let (Some(uuid), Some(name)) = (self.lan_acting_uuid, self.lan_acting_name.clone())
+        {
+            self.native_player_destroy_item(uuid, &name, &stack.item, equipment_slot_name(slot));
+        }
         let Some(at) = self
             .player
             .as_ref()
@@ -3100,9 +3140,25 @@ pub(super) fn living_flags(using: Option<(usize, u32)>) -> i8 {
     using.map_or(0, |(slot, _)| if slot == OFFHAND_SLOT { 3 } else { 1 })
 }
 
+/// The name a mod hears for an equipment slot (the armor stand hook's names, plus
+/// the two slots a mount's gear uses).
+fn equipment_slot_name(slot: horizon_world::player_inventory::EquipmentSlot) -> &'static str {
+    use horizon_world::player_inventory::EquipmentSlot;
+    match slot {
+        EquipmentSlot::MainHand => "mainhand",
+        EquipmentSlot::OffHand => "offhand",
+        EquipmentSlot::Head => "head",
+        EquipmentSlot::Chest => "chest",
+        EquipmentSlot::Legs => "legs",
+        EquipmentSlot::Feet => "feet",
+        EquipmentSlot::Body => "body",
+        EquipmentSlot::Saddle => "saddle",
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{OFFHAND_SLOT, living_flags};
+    use super::{OFFHAND_SLOT, equipment_slot_name, living_flags};
 
     /// `LivingEntity.startUsingItem` sets flag 1 for the use and flag 2 for
     /// the off hand, so an off-hand use is 3, not 2. A reader takes bit 0 as
@@ -3113,4 +3169,19 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(living_flags(Some((0, 12))), 1);
         assert_eq!(living_flags(Some((OFFHAND_SLOT, 12))), 3);
     }
+
+    /// The names a mod matches on for a broken item's slot (a contract).
+    #[test]
+    fn a_broken_items_slot_is_named_for_mods() {
+        use horizon_world::player_inventory::EquipmentSlot::*;
+        let named: Vec<_> = [MainHand, OffHand, Head, Chest, Legs, Feet, Body, Saddle]
+            .map(equipment_slot_name)
+            .to_vec();
+        assert_eq!(
+            named,
+            [
+                "mainhand", "offhand", "head", "chest", "legs", "feet", "body", "saddle"
+            ]
+        );
+    }
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_actions.rs

@@ -2384,8 +2384,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 host.hub.send_to(
                     conn,
                     &C::GameRuleValues(play::GameRuleValues {
-                        entries: horizon_client::gamerules::RULES
-                            .iter()
+                        entries: self
+                            .ui
+                            .rules
+                            .available_rules()
                             .map(|r| play::GameRuleEntry {
                                 name: format!("minecraft:{}", r.name),
                                 value: self.ui.rules.get(r.name).unwrap_or(r.default).to_string(),
@@ -3310,7 +3312,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         };
         let skip = usize::from(text.starts_with('/'));
         let command = &text[skip..];
-        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher();
+        let d = vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features);
         // The completions come from the server's players and lists, not from the host's own registries: a
         // dedicated server has no local player (they would list "Player"), and a LAN world's guests are not in
         // the host's list.

crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_chat.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// CommandDispatcher.parse with the guest's permission level.
     fn parse_as(&mut self, permission: u8, command: &str) -> ParseResults {
         let level = std::mem::replace(&mut self.ui.registries.permission, permission);
-        let parse = vanilla::game_dispatcher().parse(command, &self.ui.registries);
+        let parse = vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features)
+            .parse(command, &self.ui.registries);
         self.ui.registries.permission = level;
         parse
     }
@@ -33,8 +34,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         permission: u8,
         command: &str,
     ) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
-        self.parse_as(permission, command)
-            .signable_arguments(vanilla::game_dispatcher())
+        self.parse_as(permission, command).signable_arguments(
+            vanilla::game_dispatcher_with_features(&self.level.enabled_features),
+        )
     }
 
     /// ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.detectRateSpam: a chat message or command adds 20 to the

crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_entities.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ fn state(id: u32, kind: &str, position: [f64; 3], yaw: f32, on_ground: bool) ->
         head_yaw: 0.0,
         on_ground,
         velocity: [0.0; 3],
+        minecart_steps: None,
         data: 0,
         meta: Vec::new(),
         defaults: Vec::new(),
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ fn state(id: u32, kind: &str, position: [f64; 3], yaw: f32, on_ground: bool) ->
         leash: None,
         spectator: false,
         watching: false,
+        hidden: None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -155,10 +157,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// Boats, minecarts, armor stands, item frames, paintings and the
     /// entities kept unsimulated, as guests track them.
     pub(super) fn lan_object_states(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         host_entity: Option<i32>,
         hub: &mut Hub,
         out: &mut States,
+        drain_minecart_steps: bool,
     ) {
         let guests: Vec<(u128, i32)> = hub
             .guests
@@ -193,10 +196,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             e.defaults.push((13, serializer::INT, Value::Int(0)));
             out.push(e);
         }
-        for c in &self.carts {
+        let improvements = self.minecart_improvements();
+        for c in &mut self.carts {
             let p = c.position;
             let mut e = state(c.id, c.kind.id(), [p.x, p.y, p.z], c.yaw, c.on_ground());
+            e.pitch = c.pitch;
             e.velocity = [c.velocity.x, c.velocity.y, c.velocity.z];
+            if improvements {
+                // Joining another dimension only takes a spawn snapshot; its
+                // regular tracking tick still owns the unsent steps.
+                e.minecart_steps = Some(if drain_minecart_steps {
+                    std::mem::take(&mut c.lerp_steps)
+                } else {
+                    Vec::new()
+                });
+            }
             e.meta = vehicle_meta(c.hurt_time, c.hurt_dir, c.damage);
             match c.kind {
                 // MinecartFurnace.DATA_ID_FUEL.

crates/horizon-client/src/game/lan_screen.rs

@@ -561,7 +561,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         else {
             return;
         };
-        let mut rules = horizon_client::gamerules::GameRules::default();
+        // The response itself lists the server's available rules; the client
+        // may not own this world's level.dat (including on the server thread).
+        let features = if entries.iter().any(|e| {
+            horizon_client::gamerules::rule(&e.name)
+                .is_some_and(|r| r.name == horizon_client::gamerules::MAX_MINECART_SPEED.name)
+        }) {
+            vec![horizon_client::gamerules::MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS.to_owned()]
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        };
+        let mut rules = horizon_client::gamerules::GameRules::with_features(&features);
         for entry in entries {
             rules.set_string(&entry.name, &entry.value);
         }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/minecarts.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 //! `MinecartItem` placement, `VehicleEntity` breaking, the chest, hopper,
 //! furnace and TNT variants, saving, and `AbstractMinecartRenderer`'s old
 //! rail-following render with the display block.
-use super::{Game, Hit, InteractTarget, Keys};
+use super::{Game, Hit, InteractTarget, Keys, entity::Entity};
+use horizon_client::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use horizon_client::{
     blocks::Fluid,
     collisions::SceneCollisions,
@@ -99,7 +100,17 @@ pub(super) struct Minecart {
     pub velocity: Vec3,
     pub yaw: f32,
     pub previous_yaw: f32,
+    pub pitch: f32,
+    pub previous_pitch: f32,
+    /// Minecart's client-only accumulated turn and the passenger's eased turn.
+    pub rotation_offset: f32,
+    pub player_rotation_offset: f32,
+    pub passenger_yaw_delta: f32,
+    /// Experimental track steps, drained by the server entity tracker.
+    pub lerp_steps: Vec<horizon_protocol::packets::play::MinecartStep>,
     pub flipped: bool,
+    /// `AbstractMinecart.onRails`: transitions into rails need a position snap.
+    on_rails: bool,
     pub(super) on_ground: bool,
     horizontal_collision: bool,
     /// The horizontal speed the cart wanted when the collision stopped it:
@@ -270,6 +281,33 @@ pub(super) struct Rail {
     powered: bool,
 }
 impl Minecart {
+    /// `Minecart.tick`: stationary rotation does not turn the passenger.
+    pub(super) fn accumulate_rotation(&mut self) {
+        self.passenger_yaw_delta = 0.0;
+        if self.kind == CartKind::Rideable && self.position.subtract(self.previous).length() > 0.01
+        {
+            self.rotation_offset +=
+                ((f64::from(self.yaw) - f64::from(self.previous_yaw)) % 360.0) as f32;
+            self.rotation_offset %= 360.0;
+        }
+    }
+    /// `Minecart.positionRider`: double rotLerp, then round back to float.
+    /// Only yaw follows; the player's pitch and manual look remain their own.
+    pub(super) fn rotate_passenger(&mut self, yaw: &mut f32) {
+        let mut delta =
+            (f64::from(self.rotation_offset) - f64::from(self.player_rotation_offset)) % 360.0;
+        if delta >= 180.0 {
+            delta -= 360.0;
+        }
+        if delta < -180.0 {
+            delta += 360.0;
+        }
+        let next = (f64::from(self.player_rotation_offset) + 0.5 * delta) as f32;
+        let previous = *yaw;
+        *yaw -= next - self.player_rotation_offset;
+        self.passenger_yaw_delta = *yaw - previous;
+        self.player_rotation_offset = next;
+    }
     /// `Entity.onGround`.
     pub(super) fn on_ground(&self) -> bool {
         self.on_ground
@@ -283,7 +321,14 @@ impl Minecart {
             velocity: Vec3::ZERO,
             yaw: 0.0,
             previous_yaw: 0.0,
+            pitch: 0.0,
+            previous_pitch: 0.0,
+            rotation_offset: 0.0,
+            player_rotation_offset: 0.0,
+            passenger_yaw_delta: 0.0,
+            lerp_steps: Vec::new(),
             flipped: false,
+            on_rails: false,
             on_ground: false,
             horizontal_collision: false,
             collision_speed: 0.0,
@@ -379,8 +424,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// `getCurrentBlockPosOrRailBelow`.
     fn rail_block(&self, p: Vec3) -> [i32; 3] {
         let (x, y, z) = (p.x.floor() as i32, p.y.floor() as i32, p.z.floor() as i32);
-        if self.rail(x, y - 1, z).is_some() {
-            [x, y - 1, z]
+        let below = if self.minecart_improvements() {
+            (p.y - 0.1 - f64::from(1.0e-5_f32)).floor() as i32
+        } else {
+            y - 1
+        };
+        if self.rail(x, below, z).is_some() {
+            [x, below, z]
         } else {
             [x, y, z]
         }
@@ -539,9 +589,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 c.fall_distance = 0.0;
             }
         }
-        // Entity.move ends with applyEffectsFromBlocks: a bubble column lifts
-        // or drags the cart (tick_cart runs it a second time, like vanilla).
-        self.cart_block_effects(c);
+        // OldMinecartBehavior applies block effects here and at tick end.
+        // NewMinecartBehavior applies them after recording each track step.
+        if !self.minecart_improvements() {
+            self.cart_block_effects(c);
+        }
     }
     fn max_speed(&self, c: &Minecart) -> f64 {
         let base = if c.in_water { 0.2 } else { 0.4 };
@@ -712,23 +764,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// `AbstractMinecart`: `minecart_improvements` picks the smoother
     /// physics.
-    fn minecart_improvements(&self) -> bool {
-        self.level
-            .enabled_features
+    pub(super) fn minecart_improvements(&self) -> bool {
+        self.remote
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or(&self.level.enabled_features, |remote| &remote.features)
             .iter()
             .any(|f| f == "minecraft:minecart_improvements")
     }
     /// `NewMinecartBehavior.getMaxSpeed`: the game rule over water's half,
     /// every cart alike (the old behavior's furnace bonus is its own).
     fn max_speed_new(&self, c: &Minecart) -> f64 {
-        if c.in_water { 0.2 } else { 0.4 }
+        f64::from(self.ui.rules.int("max_minecart_speed")) * if c.in_water { 0.5 } else { 1.0 }
+            / 20.0
     }
     /// `AbstractMinecart.getRedstoneDirection` (over the old port's
     /// conductor proxy): which way a powered rail pushes a resting cart.
     fn redstone_direction(&self, pos: [i32; 3], shape: Shape) -> Vec3 {
         let (dx, dz) = match shape {
-            Shape::NorthSouth | Shape::AscendingNorth | Shape::AscendingSouth => (0, 1),
-            _ => (1, 0),
+            Shape::NorthSouth => (0, 1),
+            Shape::EastWest => (1, 0),
+            _ => return Vec3::ZERO,
         };
         // The push points away from the signal's side (getRedstoneDirection).
         if self.conductor(pos[0] - dx, pos[1], pos[2] - dz) {
@@ -750,12 +805,110 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             _ => false,
         }
     }
+    /// `NewMinecartBehavior.setRotation`: preserve the cart's facing when
+    /// motion reverses, including the pitch sign on a slope.
+    fn set_cart_rotation(c: &mut Minecart, mut yaw: f32, mut pitch: f32) {
+        if (175.0..=185.0).contains(&f64::from((yaw - c.yaw).abs())) {
+            c.flipped = !c.flipped;
+            yaw -= 180.0;
+            pitch = -pitch;
+        }
+        c.yaw = yaw % 360.0;
+        c.pitch = pitch.clamp(-45.0, 45.0) % 360.0;
+    }
+    /// `NewMinecartBehavior.MinecartStep`: wire rotations use ROTATION_BYTE.
+    fn record_cart_step(c: &mut Minecart, weight: f32) {
+        use horizon_protocol::buf::pack_degrees;
+        c.lerp_steps
+            .push(horizon_protocol::packets::play::MinecartStep {
+                position: c.position.components(),
+                movement: c.velocity.components(),
+                yaw: pack_degrees(c.yaw),
+                pitch: pack_degrees(c.pitch),
+                weight,
+            });
+    }
+    /// `NewMinecartBehavior.moveAlongTrack`: each step has its own rotation
+    /// and interpolation weight, including the final off-rail move.
+    fn finish_cart_step(&self, c: &mut Minecart, old: Vec3, initial: Vec3) {
+        let delta = old.vector_to(c.position);
+        let length = delta.length();
+        if length > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
+            if delta.horizontal_distance_squared() > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
+                let yaw = 180.0 - java_degrees(delta.z, delta.x) as f32
+                    + if c.flipped { 180.0 } else { 0.0 };
+                let pitch = if c.on_ground && !c.on_rails {
+                    0.0
+                } else {
+                    (90.0 - java_degrees(delta.horizontal_distance(), delta.y) as f32)
+                        * if c.flipped { -1.0 } else { 1.0 }
+                };
+                Self::set_cart_rotation(c, yaw, pitch);
+            } else if !c.on_rails {
+                c.pitch = if c.on_ground {
+                    0.0
+                } else {
+                    c.pitch + 0.2 * ((-c.pitch + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0)
+                };
+            }
+            Self::record_cart_step(c, length.min(self.max_speed_new(c)) as f32);
+        } else if initial.horizontal_distance_squared() > 0.0 {
+            Self::record_cart_step(c, 1.0);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `NewMinecartBehavior.adjustToRails`: snap only on the first tick or
+    /// when entering rails; curves project onto the segment between exits.
+    fn adjust_cart_to_rails(c: &mut Minecart, pos: [i32; 3], shape: Shape) {
+        let (e0, e1) = shape.exits();
+        let exit =
+            |e: [i32; 3]| Vec3::new(f64::from(e[0]), f64::from(e[1]), f64::from(e[2])).scale(0.5);
+        let old = c.position;
+        let (exit0, exit1) = (exit(e0), exit(e1));
+        let center = Vec3::new(
+            f64::from(pos[0]) + 0.5,
+            f64::from(pos[1]),
+            f64::from(pos[2]) + 0.5,
+        );
+        let mut out = Vec3::new(exit0.x, 0.0, exit0.z);
+        let mut into = Vec3::new(exit1.x, 0.0, exit1.z);
+        if c.velocity.length() > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) && c.velocity.dot(out) < c.velocity.dot(into)
+            || Self::is_descending(into, shape)
+        {
+            std::mem::swap(&mut out, &mut into);
+        }
+        let mut yaw = 180.0 - java_degrees(out.z, out.x) as f32;
+        if exit0.x != exit1.x && exit0.z != exit1.z {
+            let along = exit1.subtract(exit0);
+            let from = c.position.subtract(center).subtract(exit0);
+            let projected = along.scale(along.dot(from) / along.dot(along));
+            c.position = center.add_vector(exit0).add_vector(projected);
+            yaw = 180.0 - java_degrees(projected.z, projected.x) as f32;
+        } else {
+            if exit0.z != exit1.z {
+                c.position.x = center.x;
+            }
+            if exit0.x != exit1.x {
+                c.position.z = center.z;
+            }
+            c.position.y = center.y;
+        }
+        let pitch = if shape.is_slope() {
+            c.position.y += center.add_vector(into).distance(c.position) + 0.1;
+            if c.flipped { 45.0 } else { -45.0 }
+        } else {
+            c.position.y += 0.1;
+            0.0
+        };
+        Self::set_cart_rotation(c, yaw + if c.flipped { 180.0 } else { 0.0 }, pitch);
+        let distance = old.distance(c.position);
+        if distance > 0.0 {
+            Self::record_cart_step(c, if c.first_tick { 0.0 } else { distance as f32 });
+        }
+    }
     /// `NewMinecartBehavior.moveAlongTrack`: the iteration keeps moving
     /// while distance is left, over as many rails as it takes, the speed
     /// recomputed per rail (slope, halt, boost).
-    fn move_along_track_new(&mut self, c: &mut Minecart, _rail: &Rail, intent: [f64; 2]) {
-        c.fall_distance = 0.0;
-        let ridden = self.cart_is_vehicle(c.id);
+    fn move_along_track_new(&mut self, c: &mut Minecart, intent: [f64; 2]) {
         // `TrackIteration`: the slope, halt and boost speeds each apply once
         // per tick, and the iteration keeps moving while distance is left.
         let mut first = true;
@@ -763,27 +916,38 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let mut slope_done = false;
         let mut halted = false;
         let mut boosted = false;
-        for _ in 0..16 {
-            if !first && movement_left <= 1.0e-5 {
-                break;
-            }
+        let mut step_start = c.previous;
+        while first || movement_left > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
+            let initial = c.velocity;
             let pos = self.rail_block(c.position);
             let Some(rail) = self.rail(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]) else {
+                c.on_rails = false;
                 self.come_off_track(c);
+                self.finish_cart_step(c, step_start, initial);
+                if first || c.position.distance(step_start) > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
+                    self.cart_block_effects(c);
+                    self.cart_block_effects(c);
+                }
                 return;
             };
-            let initial_h = c.velocity.x.hypot(c.velocity.z);
-            let mut v = c.velocity;
+            if !c.on_rails {
+                c.on_rails = true;
+                Self::adjust_cart_to_rails(c, pos, rail.shape);
+            }
+            c.fall_distance = 0.0;
+            step_start = c.position;
+            if &*rail.name == "minecraft:activator_rail" {
+                self.activate_cart(c, rail.powered);
+            }
+            let ridden = self.cart_is_vehicle(c.id);
+            let initial_h = c.velocity.horizontal_distance();
+            let mut v = Vec3::new(c.velocity.x, 0.0, c.velocity.z);
             // calculateSlopeSpeed (once per tick): the slide grows with the
             // speed, so a descending cart keeps its pace.
             if !slope_done {
-                let base: f64 = if c.in_water {
-                    0.0078125 * 0.2
-                } else {
-                    0.0078125
-                };
-                let slide = base.max(initial_h * 0.02);
-                let before = v.x.hypot(v.z);
+                let slide =
+                    0.0078125_f64.max(initial_h * 0.02) * if c.in_water { 0.2 } else { 1.0 };
+                let before = v.horizontal_distance_squared();
                 match rail.shape {
                     Shape::AscendingEast => v.x -= slide,
                     Shape::AscendingWest => v.x += slide,
@@ -791,7 +955,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     Shape::AscendingSouth => v.z -= slide,
                     _ => {}
                 }
-                slope_done = v.x.hypot(v.z) != before;
+                slope_done = v.horizontal_distance_squared() != before;
+                if !slope_done {
+                    v = Vec3::new(c.velocity.x, 0.0, c.velocity.z);
+                }
             }
             // calculatePlayerInputSpeed (first iteration).
             if first
@@ -799,10 +966,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 && (intent[0] != 0.0 || intent[1] != 0.0)
                 && v.x * v.x + v.z * v.z < 0.01
             {
-                let l = (intent[0] * intent[0] + intent[1] * intent[1]).sqrt();
-                v.x += intent[0] / l * 0.001;
-                v.z += intent[1] / l * 0.001;
-                halted = true;
+                let input = Vec3::new(intent[0], 0.0, intent[1])
+                    .normalize()
+                    .scale(0.001);
+                let pushed = v.add_vector(input);
+                if pushed.horizontal_distance_squared() != v.horizontal_distance_squared() {
+                    v = pushed;
+                    halted = true;
+                }
             }
             // calculateHaltTrackSpeed (until the input halted).
             if !halted && &*rail.name == "minecraft:powered_rail" && !rail.powered {
@@ -816,34 +987,45 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
             // applyNaturalSlowdown and the speed cap (first iteration).
             if first {
+                c.velocity = v;
                 v = self.natural_slowdown(c, ridden, 0.975);
-                let len = v.x.hypot(v.z);
-                if len > 0.0 {
-                    let speed = len.min(self.max_speed_new(c));
-                    v = Vec3::new(v.x / len * speed, v.y, v.z / len * speed);
+                if v.length_squared() > 0.0 {
+                    let speed = v.length().min(self.max_speed_new(c));
+                    v = v.normalize().scale(speed);
                 }
             }
             // calculateBoostTrackSpeed (once per tick).
             if !boosted && &*rail.name == "minecraft:powered_rail" && rail.powered {
-                let len = v.x.hypot(v.z);
+                let before = v;
+                let len = v.length();
                 if len > 0.01 {
-                    v = Vec3::new(v.x / len * (len + 0.06), v.y, v.z / len * (len + 0.06));
+                    v = v.normalize().scale(len + 0.06);
                 } else {
                     let dir = self.redstone_direction(pos, rail.shape);
                     if dir != Vec3::ZERO {
-                        v = Vec3::new(dir.x * 0.2, v.y, dir.z * 0.2);
+                        v = dir.scale(len + 0.2);
                     }
                 }
-                boosted = true;
+                boosted = v.horizontal_distance_squared() != before.horizontal_distance_squared();
+                if !boosted {
+                    v = before;
+                }
             }
             c.velocity = v;
-            let new_h = v.x.hypot(v.z);
+            let new_h = v.horizontal_distance();
             movement_left = if first {
                 new_h
             } else {
                 movement_left + (new_h - initial_h)
             };
             movement_left = self.new_step_along_track(c, pos, &rail, movement_left);
+            self.finish_cart_step(c, step_start, initial);
+            // NewMinecartBehavior.moveAlongTrack applies block effects twice,
+            // after recording the step, including a stationary first step.
+            if first || c.position.distance(step_start) > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
+                self.cart_block_effects(c);
+                self.cart_block_effects(c);
+            }
             first = false;
         }
     }
@@ -856,13 +1038,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         rail: &Rail,
         mut movement_left: f64,
     ) -> f64 {
-        if movement_left < 1.0e-5 {
+        if movement_left < f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
             return 0.0;
         }
         let old = c.position;
         let (e0, e1) = rail.shape.exits();
         let movement = Vec3::new(c.velocity.x, 0.0, c.velocity.z);
-        if movement.x.hypot(movement.z) < 1.0e-5 {
+        if movement.length() < f64::from(1.0e-5_f32) {
             c.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
             return 0.0;
         }
@@ -874,9 +1056,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         let out_len = out_dir.x.hypot(out_dir.z);
         let mut out_pos = Vec3::new(
-            f64::from(pos[0]) + 0.5 + out_dir.x + out_dir.x / out_len * 1.0e-5,
+            f64::from(pos[0]) + 0.5 + out_dir.x + out_dir.x / out_len * f64::from(1.0e-5_f32),
             f64::from(pos[1]) + 0.1,
-            f64::from(pos[2]) + 0.5 + out_dir.z + out_dir.z / out_len * 1.0e-5,
+            f64::from(pos[2]) + 0.5 + out_dir.z + out_dir.z / out_len * f64::from(1.0e-5_f32),
         );
         if in_hill && !Self::is_descending(c.velocity, rail.shape) {
             out_pos.y += 1.0;
@@ -891,7 +1073,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             old.add_vector(
                 movement
                     .normalize()
-                    .scale(movement_left * std::f64::consts::SQRT_2),
+                    .scale(movement_left * f64::from(std::f32::consts::SQRT_2)),
             )
         } else {
             old.add_vector(movement.normalize().scale(movement_left))
@@ -904,10 +1086,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         self.move_cart(c, old.vector_to(new_pos));
         if in_hill {
-            let new_block = self.rail_block(c.position);
+            let new_block = [
+                new_pos.x.floor() as i32,
+                new_pos.y.floor() as i32,
+                new_pos.z.floor() as i32,
+            ];
             if let Some(new_rail) = self.rail(new_block[0], new_block[1], new_block[2]) {
                 // restAtVShape: opposing slopes rest a slow cart.
-                if c.velocity.length() < 0.005_f64.sqrt()
+                if c.velocity.length_squared() < 0.005
                     && new_rail.shape.is_slope()
                     && Self::is_descending(c.velocity, rail.shape)
                     && !Self::is_descending(c.velocity, new_rail.shape)
@@ -928,7 +1114,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
         }
         // The cart did not move but the step would have: it is stuck.
-        if c.position.distance(old) < 1.0e-5 && new_pos.distance(old) > 1.0e-5 {
+        if c.position.distance(old) < f64::from(1.0e-5_f32)
+            && new_pos.distance(old) > f64::from(1.0e-5_f32)
+        {
             c.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
             return 0.0;
         }
@@ -937,7 +1125,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// `comeOffTrack`.
     fn come_off_track(&self, c: &mut Minecart) {
-        let max = self.max_speed(c);
+        let max = if self.minecart_improvements() {
+            self.max_speed_new(c)
+        } else {
+            self.max_speed(c)
+        };
         c.velocity.x = c.velocity.x.clamp(-max, max);
         c.velocity.z = c.velocity.z.clamp(-max, max);
         if c.on_ground {
@@ -963,13 +1155,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// `applyEffectsFromBlocks` for a cart: a bubble column lifts or drags it,
     /// and `onInsideBubbleColumn` resets the fall distance.
     fn cart_block_effects(&self, c: &mut Minecart) {
-        if horizon_client::motion::bubble_column_push(
+        if c.push_by_bubble_column(
             &self.world,
             self.pack.assets.registry,
             self.res.facts(),
             self.collision,
-            c.bounds(),
-            &mut c.velocity,
         ) {
             c.fall_distance = 0.0;
         }
@@ -989,62 +1179,71 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// `AbstractMinecart.tick` for one cart; returns false once it is gone.
     fn tick_cart(&mut self, c: &mut Minecart, intent: [f64; 2]) -> bool {
-        c.first_tick = false;
         c.tick_count += 1;
         c.previous = c.position;
         c.previous_yaw = c.yaw;
+        c.previous_pitch = c.pitch;
         c.hurt_time = (c.hurt_time - 1).max(0);
         c.damage = (c.damage - 1.0).max(0.0);
-        // applyGravity
-        if !c.no_gravity {
-            c.velocity.y -= if c.in_water { 0.005 } else { 0.04 };
-        }
-        let pos = self.rail_block(c.position);
-        if let Some(rail) = self.rail(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]) {
-            if self.minecart_improvements() {
-                self.move_along_track_new(c, &rail, intent);
+        // NewMinecartBehavior.tick snaps a newly created cart before gravity.
+        if self.minecart_improvements() && c.first_tick {
+            let pos = self.rail_block(c.position);
+            if let Some(rail) = self.rail(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]) {
+                c.on_rails = true;
+                Self::adjust_cart_to_rails(c, pos, rail.shape);
             } else {
-                self.move_along_track(c, pos, &rail, intent);
+                c.on_rails = false;
             }
+        }
+        // applyGravity
+        c.velocity.y -= c.get_gravity();
+        let pos = self.rail_block(c.position);
+        if self.minecart_improvements() {
+            self.move_along_track_new(c, intent);
+        } else if let Some(rail) = self.rail(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]) {
+            self.move_along_track(c, pos, &rail, intent);
             if &*rail.name == "minecraft:activator_rail" {
                 self.activate_cart(c, rail.powered);
             }
         } else {
             self.come_off_track(c);
         }
-        // Yaw from the movement, flipped when it turns around.
-        let (xd, zd) = (c.previous.x - c.position.x, c.previous.z - c.position.z);
-        if xd * xd + zd * zd > 0.001 {
-            c.yaw = zd.atan2(xd).to_degrees() as f32;
-            if c.flipped {
-                c.yaw += 180.0;
+        c.first_tick = false;
+        // The old behavior derives yaw once per tick; the experiment has
+        // already recorded each step's yaw and pitch.
+        if !self.minecart_improvements() {
+            let (xd, zd) = (c.previous.x - c.position.x, c.previous.z - c.position.z);
+            if xd * xd + zd * zd > 0.001 {
+                c.yaw = zd.atan2(xd).to_degrees() as f32;
+                if c.flipped {
+                    c.yaw += 180.0;
+                }
             }
+            let diff = (c.yaw - c.previous_yaw + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0;
+            if !(-170.0..170.0).contains(&diff) {
+                c.yaw += 180.0;
+                c.flipped = !c.flipped;
+            }
+            c.yaw %= 360.0;
         }
-        let diff = (c.yaw - c.previous_yaw + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0;
-        if !(-170.0..170.0).contains(&diff) {
-            c.yaw += 180.0;
-            c.flipped = !c.flipped;
+        if !self.minecart_improvements() {
+            self.cart_block_effects(c);
         }
-        c.yaw %= 360.0;
-        // applyEffectsFromBlocks: a bubble column lifts or drags the cart.
-        self.cart_block_effects(c);
         // OldMinecartBehavior.tick ends with pushAndPickupEntities, before
-        // AbstractMinecart.tick's updateFluidInteraction.
+        // AbstractMinecart.tick's updateFluidInteraction. The experiment still
+        // uses this fallback until its per-move pickup/push retry is ported.
         self.push_from_ticked_cart(c);
         // AbstractMinecart.tick: updateFluidInteraction, a stream pushes the cart.
-        c.in_water = horizon_client::entities::update_entity_fluids(
-            c.bounds(),
-            c.position,
-            c.bounds().max_position().y,
-            &mut c.velocity,
-            &self.world,
-            &self.res.motion().fluids,
-        )
-        .0 > 0.0;
+        c.in_water = c.push_by_fluid(&self.world, &self.res.motion().fluids).0 > 0.0;
         // updateFluidInteraction: being in water resets the fall distance.
         if c.in_water {
             c.fall_distance = 0.0;
         }
+        if self.minecart_improvements() {
+            // MinecartTNT.tick reads the final delta after AbstractMinecart.tick,
+            // including the pushes and fluid interaction after the track steps.
+            c.collision_speed = c.velocity.horizontal_distance_squared();
+        }
         // Variants.
         match c.kind {
             CartKind::Furnace => {
@@ -2129,11 +2328,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             let Some(model) = self.cart_models.models.get(&c.kind) else {
                 continue;
             };
-            let (x, y, z) = (
-                c.previous.x + (c.position.x - c.previous.x) * alpha,
-                c.previous.y + (c.position.y - c.previous.y) * alpha,
-                c.previous.z + (c.position.z - c.previous.z) * alpha,
-            );
+            let lerp = self.remote_minecart_lerp(c.id, a);
+            let new_render = self.minecart_improvements() || lerp.is_some();
+            let (x, y, z) = if let Some((p, _, _)) = lerp {
+                (p[0], p[1], p[2])
+            } else {
+                (
+                    c.previous.x + (c.position.x - c.previous.x) * alpha,
+                    c.previous.y + (c.position.y - c.previous.y) * alpha,
+                    c.previous.z + (c.position.z - c.previous.z) * alpha,
+                )
+            };
             // LevelExtractor.isEntityVisible: the cart the player rides always draws.
             if self.riding != Some(c.id) {
                 let d = glam::DVec3::new(c.position.x, c.position.y, c.position.z) - camera;
@@ -2162,7 +2367,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 c.previous_yaw + ((c.yaw - c.previous_yaw + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0) * a;
             let mut pitch = 0.0f32;
             let mut offset = glam::DVec3::ZERO;
-            if let Some(on) = self.rail_pos(x, y, z) {
+            if new_render {
+                (yaw, pitch) = lerp.map_or((c.yaw, c.pitch), |(_, yaw, pitch)| (yaw, pitch));
+            } else if let Some(on) = self.rail_pos(x, y, z) {
                 let front = self.rail_pos_offs(x, y, z, 0.3).unwrap_or(on);
                 let back = self.rail_pos_offs(x, y, z, -0.3).unwrap_or(on);
                 offset = glam::DVec3::new(on[0] - x, (front[1] + back[1]) / 2.0 - y, on[2] - z);
@@ -2182,10 +2389,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 .wrapping_add(seed.wrapping_mul(98_761));
             let jitter = |shift: i64| (((seed >> shift & 7) as f32 + 0.5) / 8.0 - 0.5) * 0.004;
             let p = glam::DVec3::new(x, y, z) + offset - camera;
-            let mut base = glam::Mat4::from_translation(
-                p.as_vec3() + glam::Vec3::new(jitter(16), jitter(20) + 0.375, jitter(24)),
-            ) * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y((180.0 - yaw).to_radians())
-                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z((-pitch).to_radians());
+            let jittered = p.as_vec3() + glam::Vec3::new(jitter(16), jitter(20), jitter(24));
+            let mut base = if new_render {
+                // AbstractMinecartRenderer.newRender translates the model
+                // after rotating, so the seat follows the pitched cart.
+                glam::Mat4::from_translation(jittered)
+                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(yaw.to_radians())
+                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z((-pitch).to_radians())
+                    * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.0, 0.375, 0.0))
+            } else {
+                glam::Mat4::from_translation(jittered + glam::Vec3::new(0.0, 0.375, 0.0))
+                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y((180.0 - yaw).to_radians())
+                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z((-pitch).to_radians())
+            };
             let hurt = c.hurt_time as f32 - a;
             if hurt > 0.0 {
                 let damage = (c.damage - a).max(0.0);
@@ -2402,6 +2618,12 @@ fn tnt_ignites_by_collision(horizontal_collision: bool, speed_sqr: f64) -> bool
     horizontal_collision && speed_sqr >= 0.009_999_999_776_482_582
 }
 
+/// NewMinecartBehavior's `(float) (Math.atan2(y, x) * 180.0 / Math.PI)` before
+/// the cast: HotSpot's atan2, multiplied then divided in Java's order.
+fn java_degrees(y: f64, x: f64) -> f64 {
+    horizon_core::jmath::atan2(y, x) * 180.0 / std::f64::consts::PI
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     #[test]

crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_api_host.rs

@@ -224,4 +224,29 @@ impl horizon_client::mod_api::LevelWriteHost for LevelTicks<'_, &mut super::Game
         self.level
             .native_set_block_property(self.ticks, pos, key, value, flags)
     }
+
+    fn play_sound(
+        &mut self,
+        sound: &str,
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        source: usize,
+        volume: f32,
+        pitch: f32,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.level
+            .native_play_sound(sound, at, source, volume, pitch)
+    }
+
+    fn send_particles(
+        &mut self,
+        options: &horizon_client::mod_api::ParticleOptions,
+        state: Option<BlockStateId>,
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        spread: [f64; 3],
+        speed: f64,
+        count: i32,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.level
+            .native_send_particles(options, state, at, spread, speed, count)
+    }
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/mod_api_host_generated.rs

@@ -328,6 +328,33 @@ impl Host for super::Game<'_> {
     fn built_data(&self, mod_id: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         self.native_built_data(mod_id)
     }
+    fn on(&self, mod_id: &str) -> bool {
+        self.native_on(mod_id)
+    }
+    fn mod_key(&self, mod_id: &str, name: &str, default: &str) -> String {
+        self.native_mod_key(mod_id, name, default)
+    }
+    fn setting(&self, mod_id: &str, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        self.native_setting(mod_id, key)
+    }
+    fn set_setting(&self, mod_id: &str, key: &str, value: &str) {
+        self.native_set_setting(mod_id, key, value)
+    }
+    fn set_block_property(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3], key: &str, value: &str) -> bool {
+        self.native_set_block_property(pos, key, value)
+    }
+    fn set_block_property_with(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: [i32; 3],
+        key: &str,
+        value: &str,
+        flags: i32,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.native_set_block_property_with(pos, key, value, flags)
+    }
+    fn config_dir(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        Self::native_config_dir()
+    }
     fn panel_items(&mut self, mod_id: &str, items: Vec<NativeStack>) {
         self.native_panel_items(mod_id, items)
     }
@@ -450,6 +477,9 @@ impl Host for super::Game<'_> {
     ) -> u32 {
         self.native_move_items(dimension, from, from_face, to, to_face, item, max)
     }
+    fn hide_player(&mut self, uuid: u128, level: Option<u8>) -> bool {
+        self.native_hide_player(uuid, level)
+    }
     fn item_stack(&self, batch: &mut HudBatch, stack: &ItemStack, at: [f32; 2], size: f32) -> bool {
         self.native_item_stack(batch, stack, at, size)
     }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/native_hooks.rs

@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ pub(super) use horizon_world::level::flags;
 pub(crate) const NATIVE_HOOKS_API: u32 = 153;
 
 impl GameLevel<'_> {
-    /// A hopper at `pos` is about to pick up `count` of `item`. Set `cancel` to leave the dropped stack in the world. Server-side. @API:native_hopper_pickup_item@.
+    /// A hopper at `pos` is about to pick up `count` of `item`. Set `cancel` to leave the dropped stack in the world. Server-side. @API:hopper_pickup_item@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_hopper_pickup_item(
         &self,
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
     /// A broken block is about to drop `experience` points at `pos`. The
     /// vanilla block drop rule has been checked; change the amount before its
-    /// orbs are awarded. Server-side. @API:native_block_exp@.
+    /// orbs are awarded. Server-side. @API:block_exp@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_block_exp(
         &self,
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// A flowing fluid at `pos` is about to change level. `fluid` is `water`
     /// or `lava`; the levels are 0 through 8. Set `cancel` to keep the old
-    /// level. Server-side. @API:native_fluid_level_change@.
+    /// level. Server-side. @API:fluid_level_change@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_fluid_level_change(
         &self,
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A non-persistent leaf block at distance 7 is about to decay at `pos`.
-    /// Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side. @API:native_leaves_decay@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side. @API:leaves_decay@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_leaves_decay(
         &self,
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// Farmland at `pos` is about to change moisture from `from` to `to`.
     /// Set `cancel` to keep its old moisture. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_moisture_change@.
+    /// @API:moisture_change@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_moisture_change(
         &self,
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A sponge at `pos` absorbed water and became wet. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_sponge_absorb@.
+    /// @API:sponge_absorb@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_sponge_absorb(&self, dimension: LevelDimension, pos: BlockPos) {
         mod_api::dispatch_sponge_absorb(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, pos);
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// A block at `pos` is about to fade from `from` to `to` because of
     /// melting or coral death. Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_fade@.
+    /// @API:block_fade@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_block_fade(
         &self,
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// Precipitation is about to form or add to a block at `pos`. `from` and
     /// `to` are block state IDs. Set `cancel` to keep the old state. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_form@.
+    /// @API:block_form@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_block_form(
         &self,
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
 
     /// The Ender Dragon fight is about to place its first dragon egg at `pos`.
-    /// Set `cancel` to leave the block unchanged. Server-side. @API:native_dragon_egg_form@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to leave the block unchanged. Server-side. @API:dragon_egg_form@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_dragon_egg_form(
         &self,
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     /// On an authoritative server, fire is about to be placed at `pos` by
     /// flint and steel, a fire charge, lava, lightning or fire spread. Set
     /// `player` is the acting server player when there is one. Set `cancel` to
-    /// leave the position unchanged. @API:native_block_ignite@.
+    /// leave the position unchanged. @API:block_ignite@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_block_ignite(
         &self,
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
 
     /// On an authoritative server, fire is about to burn the block at `pos`
-    /// away. Set `cancel` to keep that block. @API:native_block_burn@.
+    /// away. Set `cancel` to keep that block. @API:block_burn@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_block_burn(
         &self,
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// On an authoritative server, a note block at `pos` is about to sound.
     /// `player` is the acting server player when there is one. Set `cancel` to silence it.
-    /// @API:native_note_play@.
+    /// @API:note_play@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_note_play(
         &self,
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
     }
 
     /// On an authoritative server, a bell at `pos` is about to ring. Set
-    /// `cancel` to stop the ring and its raider reveal. @API:native_bell_ring@.
+    /// `cancel` to stop the ring and its raider reveal. @API:bell_ring@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_bell_ring(
         &self,
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ impl GameLevel<'_> {
 
     /// On an authoritative server, a cauldron at `pos` is about to change
     /// fill level from `from_level` to `to_level` for `reason`. Set `cancel`
-    /// to leave it unchanged. @API:native_cauldron_level_changed@.
+    /// to leave it unchanged. @API:cauldron_level_changed@.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(super) fn native_cauldron_level_changed(
         &self,
@@ -3438,7 +3438,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player selected a new hotbar slot. The player's state is not
     /// swapped in, and helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find
     /// nothing while a guest packet is being handled. Set `cancel` to keep
-    /// the old slot; the client is sent that slot again. @API:native_player_item_held@.
+    /// the old slot; the client is sent that slot again. @API:player_item_held@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_item_held(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3461,7 +3461,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// the hotbar. `pos` is zero for an entity; `entity_id` is zero for a
     /// block. The player's state is swapped in, though helpers that look them
     /// up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
-    /// Set `cancel` to leave the inventory and client unchanged. @API:native_player_pick_item@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to leave the inventory and client unchanged. @API:player_pick_item@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_pick_item(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3558,7 +3558,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// after mending has taken its share. Change `amount` to change the points
     /// added. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look them up
     /// through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_exp_change@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:player_exp_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_exp_change(&mut self, player: u128, name: &str, amount: &mut i32) {
         mod_api::dispatch_player_exp_change(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, amount);
     }
@@ -3566,7 +3566,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// item id and `ticks` its duration. The player's state is not swapped in,
     /// so helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a
     /// guest packet is handled. Set `cancel` to skip starting the cooldown.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_item_cooldown@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:player_item_cooldown@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_item_cooldown(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3588,7 +3588,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A recipe is about to be unlocked for a server player. Set `cancel` to
     /// keep it locked. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that
     /// look them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet
-    /// is handled. Server-side. @API:native_player_recipe_discovered@.
+    /// is handled. Server-side. @API:player_recipe_discovered@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_recipe_discovered(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3610,7 +3610,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// position. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look
     /// them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is
     /// handled. Set `cancel` to keep the old point. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_spawn_point_set@.
+    /// @API:player_spawn_point_set@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_spawn_point_set(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3636,7 +3636,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look them up
     /// through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
     /// Set `cancel` to keep them in their current place. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_portal@.
+    /// @API:player_portal@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_portal(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3688,7 +3688,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// A sculk sensor or shrieker received a vibration for `event` at `pos`.
     /// Set `cancel` to suppress its response. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_receive_game@.
+    /// @API:block_receive_game@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_receive_game(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3709,7 +3709,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// A dispenser sheared `entity` of kind `kind` at the block in front of
     /// its own block at `pos`, after the shearing effects. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_shear_entity@.
+    /// @API:block_shear_entity@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_shear_entity(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3722,7 +3722,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A dispenser equipped `item` on the first eligible `target` in front
     /// of its block at `pos`. `target` is `player`, `mob` or `armor_stand`.
     /// The equip, item consumption, sound and game event have completed.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_block_dispense_armor@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:block_dispense_armor@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_dispense_armor(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3763,7 +3763,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// A server player is about to open an inventory supplied by a block at
     /// `pos`. Set `cancel` to leave the inventory closed. The player's state
-    /// is not swapped in. @API:native_inventory_block_start@.
+    /// is not swapped in. @API:inventory_block_start@.
     pub(super) fn native_inventory_block_start(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3776,19 +3776,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// A sculk catalyst at `pos` has begun blooming after taking experience.
     /// The catalyst block state has changed. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_sculk_bloom@.
+    /// @API:sculk_bloom@.
     pub(super) fn native_sculk_bloom(&mut self, dimension: &str, pos: [i32; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_sculk_bloom(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, pos);
     }
 
     /// A projectile hit the target block at `pos`, which now has `strength`
-    /// output power. Server-side. @API:native_target_hit@.
+    /// output power. Server-side. @API:target_hit@.
     pub(super) fn native_target_hit(&mut self, dimension: &str, pos: [i32; 3], strength: i32) {
         mod_api::dispatch_target_hit(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, pos, strength);
     }
 
     /// A vault at `pos` changed to `state`. Its block state is updated.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_vault_change_state@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:vault_change_state@.
     pub(super) fn native_vault_change_state(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3799,7 +3799,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A dispenser at `pos` failed to dispense `item`. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_failed_dispense@.
+    /// @API:block_failed_dispense@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_failed_dispense(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3811,7 +3811,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// A beacon at `pos` activated or deactivated after its beam was checked.
     /// `active` says whether it now has a complete pyramid. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_beacon_state_change@.
+    /// @API:beacon_state_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_beacon_state_change(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3823,7 +3823,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// An anvil at `pos` took damage, changing its block from `from` to `to`.
     /// `to` is air when the anvil broke. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_anvil_damaged@.
+    /// @API:anvil_damaged@.
     pub(super) fn native_anvil_damaged(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -3835,7 +3835,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A server guest's block-breaking animation changed to `progress` at
-    /// `pos` (0 through 9). @API:native_block_break_progress_update@.
+    /// `pos` (0 through 9). @API:block_break_progress_update@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_break_progress_update(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3855,7 +3855,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// A guest's block inventory lock check at `pos`. `locked` is the
     /// vanilla result and may be changed. The guest's state is not swapped in.
-    /// @API:native_block_lock_check@.
+    /// @API:block_lock_check@.
     pub(super) fn native_block_lock_check(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3924,7 +3924,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player changed their client option for the dominant hand. `left` is true for
     /// left-handed. Their state is not swapped in, and helpers looking them up through `self.lan`
     /// may find nothing during guest packet handling. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_change_main_hand@.
+    /// @API:player_change_main_hand@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_change_main_hand(&mut self, player: u128, name: &str, left: bool) {
         mod_api::dispatch_player_change_main_hand(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, left);
     }
@@ -3944,7 +3944,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player put a plant into a flower pot, after the potted block
     /// state was stored and the item consumed. `plant` is the item id and
     /// `pos` the pot position. Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan`
-    /// may find nothing during packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_flower_pot_manipulate@.
+    /// may find nothing during packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_flower_pot_manipulate@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_flower_pot_manipulate(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3964,7 +3964,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player inserted a book into a lectern, after the block entity
     /// and inventory changed. `book` is the item id. Helpers looking up a
     /// guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet handling.
-    /// Server-side. @API:player_insert_lectern_book@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_insert_lectern_book@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_insert_lectern_book(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player took the book from a lectern, after the menu and block
     /// entity changed. `book` is the removed item id. Helpers looking up a
     /// guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet handling.
-    /// Server-side. @API:player_take_lectern_book@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_take_lectern_book@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_take_lectern_book(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -3997,7 +3997,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player changed the page of a lectern, after its page and
     /// redstone pulse changed. `page` is the zero-based new page. Helpers
     /// looking up a guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet
-    /// handling. Server-side. @API:player_lectern_page_change@.
+    /// handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_lectern_page_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_lectern_page_change(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4018,7 +4018,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// changed. `action` is `put`, `rotate`, `remove_item` or `break`; `item`
     /// is empty when no item remains, and `rotation` is the resulting step.
     /// Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during
-    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_item_frame_change@.
+    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_item_frame_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_item_frame_change(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4042,7 +4042,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// Mending repaired a server player's item with experience from an orb.
     /// `repair` is durability restored and `experience` is the orb's value.
     /// Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during
-    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_item_mend@.
+    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_item_mend@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_item_mend(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4247,7 +4247,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player is about to travel through an End gateway at `gateway`.
     /// Set `cancel` to leave them at the entrance; the gateway is not consumed
     /// and its cooldown does not start. Helpers may find no guest through
-    /// `self.lan` during its packet. Server-side. @API:native_player_teleport_end_gateway@.
+    /// `self.lan` during its packet. Server-side. @API:player_teleport_end_gateway@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_teleport_end_gateway(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4267,7 +4267,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player's recipe book requested a known recipe be placed in
     /// their crafting grid. `recipe` is the recipe id; `all` is the shift
     /// click form. The player's state may not be available through `self.lan`
-    /// while a guest packet is handled. Server-side. @API:native_player_recipe_book_click@.
+    /// while a guest packet is handled. Server-side. @API:player_recipe_book_click@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_recipe_book_click(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4287,7 +4287,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player's XP orb pickup cooldown changed to `ticks`. It is
     /// reported after the value changes; the player's state may not be found
     /// through `self.lan` while a guest packet is handled. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_exp_cooldown_change@.
+    /// @API:player_exp_cooldown_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_exp_cooldown_change(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4298,7 +4298,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// A server player changed their client language option to `locale`.
     /// The player's state may not be found through `self.lan` during a guest
-    /// packet. Server-side. @API:native_player_locale_change@.
+    /// packet. Server-side. @API:player_locale_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_player_locale_change(&mut self, player: u128, name: &str, locale: &str) {
         mod_api::dispatch_player_locale_change(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, locale);
     }
@@ -4306,7 +4306,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// position changed. `entity` is its network id; `from` and `to` are
     /// coordinates in `dimension`. This hook reports command teleports that
     /// use Horizon's same-level target path; it does not change vanilla's
-    /// movement. @API:native_entity_teleport@.
+    /// movement. @API:entity_teleport@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_teleport(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -4319,13 +4319,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// A server entity finished its portal wait and is beginning to leave
     /// `dimension` through `pos`. The destination follows the portal rules.
-    /// @API:native_entity_portal@.
+    /// @API:entity_portal@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_portal(&mut self, dimension: &str, entity: u32, pos: [i32; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entity_portal(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, entity, pos);
     }
 
     /// A server projectile was added to the level. `player` is set only for
-    /// a player launch; other sources have an empty `name`. @API:native_projectile_launch@.
+    /// a player launch; other sources have an empty `name`. @API:projectile_launch@.
     pub(super) fn native_projectile_launch(
         &mut self,
         player: Option<u128>,
@@ -4337,7 +4337,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A player bow or crossbow launched an arrow with `force`, after the
-    /// projectile entered the level. @API:native_entity_shoot_bow@.
+    /// projectile entered the level. @API:entity_shoot_bow@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_shoot_bow(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4349,13 +4349,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A guest's fall flying state changed on the server. The change has
-    /// already been applied. @API:native_entity_toggle_glide@.
+    /// already been applied. @API:entity_toggle_glide@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_toggle_glide(&mut self, player: u128, name: &str, gliding: bool) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entity_toggle_glide(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, gliding);
     }
 
     /// A guest player's synchronized pose changed from `from` to `to`.
-    /// @API:native_entity_pose_change@.
+    /// @API:entity_pose_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_pose_change(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4367,19 +4367,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A dropped item entity was successfully added to the server level.
-    /// @API:native_item_spawn@.
+    /// @API:item_spawn@.
     pub(super) fn native_item_spawn(&mut self, entity: u32, item: &str, count: i32, pos: [f64; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_item_spawn(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, item, count, pos);
     }
 
     /// A mob became tamed after its owner and persistent state were set.
-    /// @API:native_entity_tame@.
+    /// @API:entity_tame@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_tame(&mut self, entity: u32, kind: &str, owner: Option<u128>) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entity_tame(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, kind, owner);
     }
 
     /// Two mobs completed a breeding action. `child` is absent when vanilla
-    /// lays an egg instead of creating a baby. @API:native_entity_breed@.
+    /// lays an egg instead of creating a baby. @API:entity_breed@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_breed(&mut self, parent: u32, partner: u32, child: Option<u32>) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entity_breed(self, mod_api::mods(), parent, partner, child);
     }
@@ -4404,7 +4404,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A server player took an output from a furnace at `pos`; `item` is the
     /// output item id and `count` is how many were taken. The player's state is
     /// not swapped in, so helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find
-    /// nothing during guest packet handling. @API:native_furnace_extract@.
+    /// nothing during guest packet handling. @API:furnace_extract@.
     pub(super) fn native_furnace_extract(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4415,7 +4415,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_furnace_extract(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, item, count);
     }
-    /// A server player applied an enchantment at `pos`; `item` is the finished item and `levels` the levels charged. The player's state is not swapped in. @API:native_enchant_item@.
+    /// A server player applied an enchantment at `pos`; `item` is the finished item and `levels` the levels charged. The player's state is not swapped in. @API:enchant_item@.
     pub(super) fn native_enchant_item(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4426,7 +4426,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_enchant_item(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, item, levels);
     }
-    /// Enchanting offers were calculated for a server player at `pos`. Change `costs` before they are sent to the menu. @API:native_prepare_item_enchant@.
+    /// Enchanting offers were calculated for a server player at `pos`. Change `costs` before they are sent to the menu. @API:prepare_item_enchant@.
     pub(super) fn native_prepare_item_enchant(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4436,7 +4436,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_prepare_item_enchant(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, costs);
     }
-    /// An anvil result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change `result` or its level `cost` before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_anvil@.
+    /// An anvil result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change `result` or its level `cost` before it is sent. @API:prepare_anvil@.
     pub(super) fn native_prepare_anvil(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4447,7 +4447,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_prepare_anvil(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, cost, result);
     }
-    /// A grindstone result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_grindstone@.
+    /// A grindstone result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:prepare_grindstone@.
     pub(super) fn native_prepare_grindstone(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4457,7 +4457,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_prepare_grindstone(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, result);
     }
-    /// A smithing result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_smithing@.
+    /// A smithing result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:prepare_smithing@.
     pub(super) fn native_prepare_smithing(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4467,7 +4467,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_prepare_smithing(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, result);
     }
-    /// A crafting-grid result was prepared for a server player; `pos` is the crafting table, or None for the inventory grid. Change `result` before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_item_craft@.
+    /// A crafting-grid result was prepared for a server player; `pos` is the crafting table, or None for the inventory grid. Change `result` before it is sent. @API:prepare_item_craft@.
     pub(super) fn native_prepare_item_craft(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4477,7 +4477,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     ) {
         mod_api::dispatch_prepare_item_craft(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, pos, result);
     }
-    /// A server player selected trade `index` from `villager` in the trading menu. @API:native_trade_select@.
+    /// A server player selected trade `index` from `villager` in the trading menu. @API:trade_select@.
     pub(super) fn native_trade_select(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4489,7 +4489,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
     /// The server changed its weather parameters. `raining` and `thundering`
     /// are the requested final states. Set `cancel` to keep the previous
-    /// weather parameters. Server-side. @API:native_weather_change@.
+    /// weather parameters. Server-side. @API:weather_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_weather_change(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -4509,7 +4509,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// The server changed its thunder state through `/weather`. Set `cancel`
     /// to keep the previous thunder state and timer. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_thunder_change@.
+    /// @API:thunder_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_thunder_change(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -4521,7 +4521,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 
     /// A server lightning bolt is about to be created. `cause` is `weather`,
     /// `trident` or `command`; `player` is the responsible player when known.
-    /// Set `cancel` to prevent the bolt and its effects. @API:native_lightning_strike@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to prevent the bolt and its effects. @API:lightning_strike@.
     pub(super) fn native_lightning_strike(
         &mut self,
         player: Option<u128>,
@@ -4556,7 +4556,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// The overworld clock is about to jump, from sleep or `/time`. Set
-    /// `cancel` to keep `from`. @API:native_time_skip@.
+    /// `cancel` to keep `from`. @API:time_skip@.
     pub(super) fn native_time_skip(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -4598,13 +4598,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// A Nether portal was built for a dimension travel, or an End platform
     /// was made for an arrival. `pos` is the lower corner of the Nether
     /// portal rectangle or the End platform origin. The completed blocks are
-    /// already in the world. @API:native_portal_create@.
+    /// already in the world. @API:portal_create@.
     pub(super) fn native_portal_create(&mut self, dimension: &str, pos: [i32; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_portal_create(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, pos);
     }
 
     /// A raid wave has been spawned at `pos`; `wave` is its one-based wave
-    /// number and `raiders` counts the raiders, not the mobs they ride. @API:native_raid_spawn_wave@.
+    /// number and `raiders` counts the raiders, not the mobs they ride. @API:raid_spawn_wave@.
     pub(super) fn native_raid_spawn_wave(
         &mut self,
         raid: i32,
@@ -4616,25 +4616,25 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A raid at `pos` changed to `state` (`triggered`, `victory`, `loss` or
-    /// `stopped`). @API:native_raid_state_change@.
+    /// `stopped`). @API:raid_state_change@.
     pub(super) fn native_raid_state_change(&mut self, raid: i32, pos: [i32; 3], state: &str) {
         mod_api::dispatch_raid_state_change(self, mod_api::mods(), raid, pos, state);
     }
 
     /// The server completed a world save cycle. `wait` says chunk writes were
-    /// flushed before returning. @API:native_world_saved@.
+    /// flushed before returning. @API:world_saved@.
     pub(super) fn native_world_saved(&mut self, wait: bool) {
         mod_api::dispatch_world_saved(self, mod_api::mods(), wait);
     }
 
     /// Entities from `chunk` finished loading into the server world. `count`
-    /// is the number of saved entity records read. @API:native_entities_load@.
+    /// is the number of saved entity records read. @API:entities_load@.
     pub(super) fn native_entities_load(&mut self, dimension: &str, chunk: [i32; 2], count: usize) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entities_load(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, chunk, count);
     }
 
     /// Entities in `chunk` left the active server world and were queued for
-    /// saving. `count` is the number of entity records. @API:native_entities_unload@.
+    /// saving. `count` is the number of entity records. @API:entities_unload@.
     pub(super) fn native_entities_unload(
         &mut self,
         dimension: &str,
@@ -4644,13 +4644,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         mod_api::dispatch_entities_unload(self, mod_api::mods(), dimension, chunk, count);
     }
 
-    /// A generic world game event was fired at `pos`. @API:native_game_event@.
+    /// A generic world game event was fired at `pos`. @API:game_event@.
     pub(super) fn native_game_event(&mut self, event: &str, pos: [f64; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_game_event(self, mod_api::mods(), event, pos);
     }
 
     /// A guest asked to complete `command`; `suggestions` may be added to or
-    /// filtered. `range` is the replaced byte range. @API:native_tab_complete@.
+    /// filtered. `range` is the replaced byte range. @API:tab_complete@.
     pub(super) fn native_tab_complete(
         &mut self,
         player: u128,
@@ -4671,18 +4671,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A server broadcast line is about to be logged and sent. Change `line`
-    /// or set `cancel` to drop it. @API:native_broadcast_message@.
+    /// or set `cancel` to drop it. @API:broadcast_message@.
     pub(super) fn native_broadcast_message(&self, line: &mut Text, cancel: &mut bool) {
         mod_api::dispatch_broadcast_message(self, mod_api::mods(), line, cancel);
     }
 
-    /// The dedicated server's whitelist changed to `enabled`. @API:native_whitelist_state_update@.
+    /// The dedicated server's whitelist changed to `enabled`. @API:whitelist_state_update@.
     pub(super) fn native_whitelist_state_update(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
         mod_api::dispatch_whitelist_state_update(self, mod_api::mods(), enabled);
     }
 
     /// A mob entered love mode after player interaction. `player` is the
-    /// feeder when known. @API:native_entity_enter_love_mode@.
+    /// feeder when known. @API:entity_enter_love_mode@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_enter_love_mode(
         &mut self,
         entity: u32,
@@ -4693,7 +4693,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A mob conversion completed; both ids and entity types are reported.
-    /// @API:native_entity_transform@.
+    /// @API:entity_transform@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_transform(
         &mut self,
         entity: u32,
@@ -4712,39 +4712,39 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A thrown splash or lingering potion applied its hit effects.
-    /// @API:native_potion_splash@.
+    /// @API:potion_splash@.
     pub(super) fn native_potion_splash(&mut self, item: &str, pos: [f64; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_potion_splash(self, mod_api::mods(), item, pos);
     }
 
-    /// A firework rocket completed its explosion effects. @API:native_firework_explode@.
+    /// A firework rocket completed its explosion effects. @API:firework_explode@.
     pub(super) fn native_firework_explode(&mut self, entity: u32, pos: [f64; 3], bursts: usize) {
         mod_api::dispatch_firework_explode(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, pos, bursts);
     }
 
     /// An experience bottle broke and its experience was awarded.
-    /// @API:native_exp_bottle@.
+    /// @API:exp_bottle@.
     pub(super) fn native_exp_bottle(&mut self, pos: [f64; 3], experience: u32) {
         mod_api::dispatch_exp_bottle(self, mod_api::mods(), pos, experience);
     }
 
-    /// A player ignited a creeper with an item. @API:native_creeper_ignite@.
+    /// A player ignited a creeper with an item. @API:creeper_ignite@.
     pub(super) fn native_creeper_ignite(&mut self, entity: u32, player: u128, item: &str) {
         mod_api::dispatch_creeper_ignite(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, player, item);
     }
 
-    /// Lightning charged a creeper. @API:native_creeper_power@.
+    /// Lightning charged a creeper. @API:creeper_power@.
     pub(super) fn native_creeper_power(&mut self, entity: u32, lightning: [f64; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_creeper_power(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, lightning);
     }
 
-    /// A mob broke the door at `pos`. @API:native_entity_break_door@.
+    /// A mob broke the door at `pos`. @API:entity_break_door@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_break_door(&mut self, entity: u32, kind: &str, pos: [i32; 3]) {
         mod_api::dispatch_entity_break_door(self, mod_api::mods(), entity, kind, pos);
     }
 
     /// A mob changed a block at `pos`, after the new state was applied.
-    /// @API:native_entity_change_block@.
+    /// @API:entity_change_block@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_change_block(
         &mut self,
         entity: u32,
@@ -4757,7 +4757,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 
     /// A bee entered the hive at `pos` and was stored there.
-    /// @API:native_entity_enter_block@.
+    /// @API:entity_enter_block@.
     pub(super) fn native_entity_enter_block(
         &mut self,
         entity: u32,
@@ -5065,6 +5065,32 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             canceled,
         );
     }
+    /// NeoForge's `CriticalHitEvent`: a player's melee hit on a living
+    /// `target_kind` (`minecraft:zombie`, `minecraft:armor_stand`) that deals
+    /// damage, where `Player.attack` decides whether it is critical.
+    /// `vanilla_critical` is vanilla's answer; `critical` starts as it and may
+    /// be forced or denied (as in vanilla a critical hit prevents the sweep, so
+    /// a forced crit loses it; a denied crit loses the crit sound and
+    /// particles); `damage_multiplier` starts at 1.5 for vanilla's critical and
+    /// 1.0 otherwise, and scales the damage only while `critical` ends true. Not fired for a
+    /// target that is no living entity (a dragon part) or when the hit does
+    /// no damage. Fires on the Game that runs the attack. @API:critical_hit@.
+    pub(super) fn native_critical_hit(
+        &mut self,
+        target_kind: &str,
+        vanilla_critical: bool,
+        critical: &mut bool,
+        damage_multiplier: &mut f32,
+    ) {
+        mod_api::dispatch_critical_hit(
+            self,
+            mod_api::mods(),
+            target_kind,
+            vanilla_critical,
+            critical,
+            damage_multiplier,
+        );
+    }
     /// `Item.releaseUsing` of `stack`: `entity` let it go with `time_left`
     /// ticks of its `native_use_duration` left, so it was held for
     /// `duration - time_left` (a bow-like item shoots by that charge). Set
@@ -5648,6 +5674,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     pub(super) fn native_player_totem(&mut self, player: u128, name: &str) {
         mod_api::dispatch_player_totem(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name);
     }
+    /// The item `item` of the server player `player` (`name`) broke in `slot`
+    /// (`mainhand`, `offhand`, `head`, `chest`, `legs`, `feet`, `body` or
+    /// `saddle`): `LivingEntity.onEquippedItemBroken`, Bukkit's
+    /// `PlayerItemBreakEvent`. Listen only; armour has a slot, not a hand.
+    /// The player's state is swapped in. Once for each break, on a server; a
+    /// creative player and the host of a LAN world are not heard.
+    /// @API:native_player_destroy_item@.
+    pub(super) fn native_player_destroy_item(
+        &mut self,
+        player: u128,
+        name: &str,
+        item: &str,
+        slot: &str,
+    ) {
+        mod_api::dispatch_player_destroy_item(self, mod_api::mods(), player, name, item, slot);
+    }
     /// `player`'s melee blow killed the mob `entity` of `kind` (other deaths
     /// aren't told yet). It only hears, after the blow landed. Server-side.
     /// API 40.
@@ -6932,7 +6974,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         true
     }
     /// Draw a stack and its slot decorations, except the count, at `at`,
-    /// `size` GUI pixels square. False for an unknown item. API @API:item_stack@.
+    /// `size` GUI pixels square. False when nothing was drawn: an unknown item
+    /// or an empty stack (air, or a count of 0, as `ItemStack.isEmpty`).
+    /// API @API:item_stack@.
     pub(super) fn native_item_stack(
         &self,
         batch: &mut HudBatch,
@@ -6940,6 +6984,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         at: [f32; 2],
         size: f32,
     ) -> bool {
+        // GuiGraphicsExtractor.item and itemDecorations draw nothing for an
+        // empty stack.
+        if &*stack.item == "minecraft:air" || stack.count == 0 {
+            return false;
+        }
         if self.res.items().get(&stack.item).is_none() {
             return false;
         }
@@ -7202,8 +7251,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// (`config/<id>.json`, or a folder of its own). The same folder on the
     /// window, its server thread and a LAN host; a dedicated server's is in
     /// its own folder, beside `server.properties`. Made when missing. No
-    /// `self`, so it works from any hook (`Game::native_config_dir()`), the
-    /// level's too. API 26.
+    /// `self`, so a mixin helper calls `Game::native_config_dir()` and a trait
+    /// mod `Host::config_dir`. API 26.
     pub(super) fn native_config_dir() -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
         config_dir(&Self::game_dir())
     }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/native_server.rs

@@ -343,6 +343,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
         true
     }
+    /// Hides that player (a vanish) from the players below permission
+    /// `level`, or shows them again (None): from the next tick those players
+    /// lose them from the Tab list and the world (their client stops
+    /// tracking the player, as it does a spectator), and don't read their
+    /// joining or leaving; players of `level` or more still see them, and
+    /// a player made an operator meanwhile sees them again. By UUID: kept
+    /// for a player who is off (who joins hidden), until a mod sets it again
+    /// or the server stops. Works anywhere on a server, inside a player's
+    /// hook too; false on a client and in a world nobody else can join.
+    /// API @API:hide_player@.
+    pub(super) fn native_hide_player(&mut self, uuid: u128, level: Option<u8>) -> bool {
+        let Some(host) = &mut self.lan else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        match level {
+            Some(level) => host.hub.hidden.insert(uuid, level),
+            None => host.hub.hidden.remove(&uuid),
+        };
+        true
+    }
     /// Shows `nickname` in place of that player's name in chat (their
     /// messages, `/me`, `/msg`) and in the Tab list; None shows their name
     /// again. Hovering the shown name gives the real one, which stays in the
@@ -400,6 +420,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// `[discord] events` lists `announce`: `name` and `uuid` say who it is
     /// about (empty and 0 for no one), `message` is the line (`§` codes colour it).
     /// Only on a dedicated server; false elsewhere and for an empty message.
+    /// API @API:server_event@.
     pub(super) fn native_server_event(&self, name: &str, uuid: u128, message: &str) -> bool {
         if self.options.dedicated.is_none() || message.trim().is_empty() {
             return false;

crates/horizon-client/src/game/options.rs

@@ -121,8 +121,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.screen = Screen::Options;
         self.options_from_title = from_title;
         self.options_to_game = false;
+        let minecart_improvements = self.minecart_improvements();
         let ui = &mut self.ui.options;
         ui.open_at(!from_title && self.title.is_none(), page);
+        ui.minecart_improvements = minecart_improvements;
         let root = self.options.resources.clone();
         ui.languages = lang::available(&[&root]);
         self.refresh_pack_lists();

crates/horizon-client/src/game/pad_menu.rs

@@ -413,6 +413,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
             return self.handle_option_events(vec![Event::Changed]);
         }
+        // Splitscreen Setup: A picks up the focused player's tile, then left/right (or LB/RB)
+        // cycle where it goes, A drops it, B puts it back (`split_ui`).
+        if self.screen == Screen::Options && self.ui.options.page() == Page::SplitSetup {
+            let setup = &mut self.ui.options.split_setup;
+            if setup.pad_button(button) {
+                // Dropped or put back: the focus follows the player to its tile.
+                if let Some(rect) = setup.take_refocus() {
+                    let kind = Kind::Button;
+                    self.pad_focus_on(event_loop, Target { rect, kind });
+                }
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            if button == Button::South
+                && self.pad_focusing()
+                && let Some(focus) = self.pad.menu.focus
+                && self.ui.options.split_setup.pad_pick_up(focus.center())
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
         // The on-screen keyboard takes every button while it is open.
         if let Some(keyboard) = self.pad.menu.osk.as_mut() {
             if let Some(out) = keyboard.button(button) {
@@ -523,6 +543,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             keyboard.step(button);
             return;
         }
+        // Splitscreen Setup with a player held: the stick cycles it as the D-pad does.
+        if self.screen == Screen::Options
+            && self.ui.options.page() == Page::SplitSetup
+            && self.ui.options.split_setup.holding()
+        {
+            self.ui.options.split_setup.pad_button(button);
+            return;
+        }
         if self.pad_focus_mode() {
             let targets = self.pad_targets();
             if !targets.is_empty() {

crates/horizon-client/src/game/perspective.rs

@@ -246,10 +246,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         // another player.
         let (entity, descending) = match self.camera_mob() {
             Some(m) => (super::remote_camera::mob_camera_entity(m), false),
-            None => (
-                self.player_camera_entity()?,
-                self.player.as_ref()?.shift_key_down,
-            ),
+            None => {
+                let mut entity = self.player_camera_entity()?;
+                if let Some(position) = self.remote_minecart_rider_position(partial) {
+                    // Already evaluated at partial: do not linearly interpolate
+                    // between tick endpoints across a corner a second time.
+                    entity.position = position;
+                    entity.previous = position;
+                }
+                (entity, self.player.as_ref()?.shift_key_down)
+            }
         };
         let mut view = self.view;
         let kind = match self.camera_type {
@@ -352,7 +358,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         let ride_turn = self
             .riding
             .and_then(|id| self.boats.iter().find(|b| b.id == id))
-            .map_or(0.0, |b| b.delta_rotation);
+            .map_or_else(
+                || {
+                    self.riding
+                        .and_then(|id| self.carts.iter().find(|c| c.id == id))
+                        .map_or(0.0, |c| c.passenger_yaw_delta)
+                },
+                |b| b.delta_rotation,
+            );
         let entity = CameraEntity {
             position: [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z],
             previous: [

crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote.rs

@@ -223,13 +223,13 @@ struct Lerp {
     steps: u32,
 }
 
-/// `NewMinecartBehavior.MinecartStep` (its xRot is not kept: a minecart here
-/// pitches along its rails).
+/// `NewMinecartBehavior.MinecartStep`, including the server's rail pitch.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct CartStep {
     position: Vec3,
     movement: Vec3,
     yaw: f32,
+    pitch: f32,
     weight: f32,
 }
 
@@ -255,15 +255,16 @@ impl CartLerp {
                 position: Vec3::ZERO,
                 movement: Vec3::ZERO,
                 yaw: 0.0,
+                pitch: 0.0,
                 weight: 0.0,
             },
         }
     }
 
     /// `NewMinecartBehavior.getCartLerpPosition`, `getCartLerpMovements` and
-    /// `getCartLerpYRot` at `partial`: the step the weights put this moment
-    /// in, and how far along it, between it and the one before.
-    fn at(&self, partial: f32) -> (Vec3, Vec3, f32) {
+    /// `getCartLerpYRot` / `getCartLerpXRot` at `partial`: the step the weights
+    /// put this moment in, and how far along it from the one before.
+    fn at(&self, partial: f32) -> (Vec3, Vec3, f32, f32) {
         let alpha = ((3 - self.delay) as f32 + partial) / 3.0;
         let mut count_up = 0.0f32;
         let mut in_step = 1.0f32;
@@ -300,6 +301,7 @@ impl CartLerp {
             lerp(previous.position, current.position),
             lerp(previous.movement, current.movement),
             previous.yaw + in_step * wrap_degrees(current.yaw - previous.yaw),
+            previous.pitch + in_step * wrap_degrees(current.pitch - previous.pitch),
         )
     }
 
@@ -314,6 +316,7 @@ impl CartLerp {
                 position: c.position,
                 movement: c.velocity,
                 yaw: c.yaw,
+                pitch: c.pitch,
                 weight: 0.0,
             };
             self.current.clear();
@@ -326,10 +329,11 @@ impl CartLerp {
         if self.current.is_empty() {
             return false;
         }
-        let (position, movement, yaw) = self.at(1.0);
+        let (position, movement, yaw, pitch) = self.at(1.0);
         c.position = position;
         c.velocity = movement;
         c.yaw = yaw;
+        c.pitch = pitch;
         true
     }
 }
@@ -427,6 +431,8 @@ enum OwnProfile {
 pub(super) struct Remote {
     pub session: Session,
     pub brand: String,
+    /// This connection's configured feature flags, carried through reconfiguration.
+    pub(super) features: Vec<String>,
     /// The server announced it runs mods' quiet commands.
     pub quiet_commands: bool,
     /// The server announced it carries mod messages.
@@ -725,6 +731,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             None => horizon_client::health::hurt_sound("hurt"),
         }
     }
+    /// Offline local profiles never borrow the account that started P1's game.
+    pub(super) fn auth(&self) -> Option<std::sync::Arc<horizon_client::auth::AuthSession>> {
+        if self.options.split_guest {
+            None
+        } else {
+            horizon_client::auth::current()
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Leave the title for a server (ConnectScreen): an empty world fed by the connection.
     pub(super) fn connect_server(&mut self, address: &str, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
         self.connect_server_with_cookies(address, name, None)
@@ -815,7 +830,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             );
         }
         // A signed-in account always plays under its own name.
-        let auth = horizon_client::auth::current();
+        let auth = self.auth();
         let name = auth.as_ref().map_or(name, |a| a.name.as_str());
         let user = auth.as_ref().map_or_else(
             || {
@@ -948,6 +963,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         self.remote = Some(Remote {
             session,
             brand: "unknown".into(),
+            features: vec!["minecraft:vanilla".into()],
             quiet_commands: false,
             mod_net: false,
             far_terrain: None,
@@ -1789,6 +1805,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                         );
                     }
                 }
+                Event::Features(features) => {
+                    if let Some(remote) = &mut self.remote {
+                        remote.features = features;
+                    }
+                }
                 Event::Brand(brand) => {
                     if let Some(remote) = &mut self.remote {
                         remote.brand = brand;
@@ -2683,10 +2704,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             if r.cart_lerps.contains_key(&id) {
                 // A minecart on NewMinecartBehavior keeps Entity's NO_OP
                 // InterpolationHandler: a teleport puts it there at once.
-                if path.is_some()
-                    && let Some(c) = self.carts.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == id as u32)
-                {
-                    c.position = at;
+                if let Some(c) = self.carts.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == id as u32) {
+                    if path.is_some() {
+                        c.position = at;
+                    }
+                    if let Some((yaw, pitch)) = rotation {
+                        c.yaw = yaw;
+                        c.pitch = pitch;
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 // AbstractInterpolationHandler.interpolateTo: without a
@@ -3209,9 +3234,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                     horizon_client::lan::playerdata::uuid_ints(p.uuid),
                 );
                 self.spawn_entity(p.id, &kind, p.position, rotation);
-                // Entity.recreateFromPacket: setDeltaMovement(packet.getMovement()).
-                self.remote_motion(p.id, p.velocity);
-                if !self.spawn_remote_object(p.id, &kind, p.position, rotation[0], p.data) {
+                if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+                    r.cart_lerps.remove(&p.id);
+                    r.lerps.remove(&p.id);
+                }
+                if !self.spawn_remote_object(
+                    p.id,
+                    &kind,
+                    p.position,
+                    (rotation[0], rotation[1]),
+                    p.data,
+                ) {
                     self.spawn_remote_projectile(
                         p.id,
                         &kind,
@@ -3221,6 +3254,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                         p.data,
                     );
                 }
+                // Entity.recreateFromPacket: objects must exist before applying motion.
+                self.remote_motion(p.id, p.velocity);
+                if self.minecart_improvements()
+                    && self.carts.iter().any(|c| c.id == p.id as u32)
+                    && let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut()
+                {
+                    r.cart_lerps.insert(p.id, CartLerp::new());
+                }
                 self.move_remote_text_display(p.id, p.position, Some((rotation[0], rotation[1])));
                 self.move_remote_interaction(p.id, p.position);
             }
@@ -4911,7 +4952,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         };
         match &mut r.own_profile {
             OwnProfile::Idle => {
-                let Some(auth) = horizon_client::auth::current() else {
+                let Some(auth) = (!self.options.split_guest)
+                    .then(horizon_client::auth::current)
+                    .flatten()
+                else {
                     r.own_profile = OwnProfile::Done(None);
                     return;
                 };
@@ -5280,6 +5324,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             t.velocity = v;
         } else if let Some(o) = self.orbs.iter_mut().find(|o| o.id == id as u32) {
             o.velocity = v;
+        } else if let Some(c) = self.carts.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == id as u32) {
+            c.velocity = v;
         } else if let Some(p) = self
             .creatures
             .projectiles
@@ -6543,10 +6589,25 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             }
         }
     }
+    /// `AbstractMinecartRenderer.newExtractState`: sample the same weighted
+    /// steps at the frame's partial tick, including corners within one tick.
+    pub(super) fn remote_minecart_lerp(
+        &self,
+        id: u32,
+        partial: f32,
+    ) -> Option<([f64; 3], f32, f32)> {
+        let lerp = self.remote.as_ref()?.cart_lerps.get(&(id as i32))?;
+        if lerp.current.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let (p, _, yaw, pitch) = lerp.at(partial);
+        Some(([p.x, p.y, p.z], yaw, pitch))
+    }
+
     /// `ClientPacketListener.handleMinecartAlongTrack`: the steps join the ones
     /// the minecart has queued, if it runs `NewMinecartBehavior`.
     fn remote_move_minecart(&mut self, p: play::MoveMinecartAlongTrack) {
-        if !self.carts.iter().any(|c| c.id == p.id as u32) {
+        if !self.minecart_improvements() || !self.carts.iter().any(|c| c.id == p.id as u32) {
             return;
         }
         let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() else {
@@ -6561,6 +6622,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 position: at(s.position),
                 movement: at(s.movement),
                 yaw: horizon_protocol::buf::unpack_degrees(s.yaw),
+                pitch: horizon_protocol::buf::unpack_degrees(s.pitch),
                 weight: s.weight,
             }));
     }
@@ -7060,6 +7122,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             if passes {
                 return false;
             }
+            // Minecart.interact resets the passenger's easing baseline on
+            // a successful boarding click, not on SetPassengers (commands
+            // can mount a player without this interaction).
+            if let Some(c) = self
+                .carts
+                .iter_mut()
+                .find(|c| c.id as i32 == hit.id && c.kind == super::minecarts::CartKind::Rideable)
+            {
+                c.player_rotation_offset = c.rotation_offset;
+            }
             // MinecartCommandBlock.interact on the client: the editor opens.
             if self.carts.iter().any(|c| {
                 c.id as i32 == hit.id && c.kind == super::minecarts::CartKind::CommandBlock

crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_chat.rs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     /// (isLocalPlayer), and only when the key pair changed: a new session
     /// (random id, chain from link 0) the server hears of at once.
     fn update_chat_session(&mut self) {
-        let Some(account) = auth::current() else {
+        let Some(account) = self.auth() else {
             return;
         };
         let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() else {

crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_objects.rs

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         id: i32,
         kind: &str,
         position: [f64; 3],
-        yaw: f32,
+        rotation: (f32, f32),
         data: i32,
     ) -> bool {
+        let (yaw, pitch) = rotation;
         let id = id as u32;
         let at = Vec3::new(position[0], position[1], position[2]);
         let block = position.map(|v| v.floor() as i32);
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             let mut c = super::minecarts::Minecart::new(id, cart, at);
             c.yaw = yaw;
             c.previous_yaw = yaw;
+            c.pitch = pitch;
+            c.previous_pitch = pitch;
             self.carts.push(c);
         } else if let Some((wood, chest)) = super::boats::any_boat_wood(kind)
             && self.boat_models.has(wood, chest)
@@ -322,9 +325,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         for c in &mut self.carts {
             c.previous = c.position;
             c.previous_yaw = c.yaw;
+            c.previous_pitch = c.pitch;
             if !lerp_cart(c) {
                 c.position = step(c.id, c.position);
             }
+            c.accumulate_rotation();
             if c.kind == super::minecarts::CartKind::Furnace
                 && c.fuel > 0
                 && self.world.random.next_int_bound(4).unwrap_or(1) == 0

crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_projectiles.rs

@@ -611,15 +611,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         // fuse down (the swell and flash follow it) between the server's
         // updates (every 10 ticks), and a client discards it when the fuse
         // runs out; only the server explodes it.
-        let (world, collision, assets, facts) = (
+        let (world, collision, assets, facts, fluids) = (
             &self.world,
             self.collision,
             &self.pack.assets,
             self.res.facts(),
+            &self.res.motion().fluids,
         );
         self.tnts.retain_mut(|t| {
             // A fluid lookup that fails leaves it where its move put it.
-            let _ = t.tick(world, collision, assets, facts);
+            let _ = t.tick(world, collision, assets, facts, fluids);
             t.fuse > 0
         });
         // FallingBlockEntity.tick runs on a client too: the block falls by

crates/horizon-client/src/game/remote_vehicles.rs

@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         if passengers.contains(&me) {
             if self.riding != Some(vehicle_id) {
                 self.riding = Some(vehicle_id);
+                if let Some(c) = self.carts.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == vehicle_id) {
+                    c.passenger_yaw_delta = 0.0;
+                }
                 if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
                     p.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
                     p.fall_distance = 0.0;
@@ -187,6 +190,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Camera.alignWithEntity's NewMinecartBehavior branch: sample the
+    /// vehicle's curved path at this frame, then apply the player's seat
+    /// attachment. Camera's own eye-height interpolation still runs afterwards.
+    pub(super) fn remote_minecart_rider_position(&self, partial: f32) -> Option<[f64; 3]> {
+        if !self.minecart_improvements() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let id = self.riding?;
+        self.carts
+            .iter()
+            .find(|c| c.id == id && c.kind == super::minecarts::CartKind::Rideable)?;
+        let (mut position, _, _) = self.remote_minecart_lerp(id, partial)?;
+        position[1] += super::minecarts::SEAT;
+        Some(position)
+    }
+
     /// The local player's tick in its vehicle, in place of its own movement:
     /// false when it rides nothing.
     pub(super) fn remote_ride(&mut self, keys: Keys) -> bool {
@@ -222,6 +241,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             // In front of a mob that shares the boat.
             Some(self.player_boat_seat(i))
         } else {
+            // Minecart.positionRider runs on the client after the cart tick.
+            // The offset belongs to the cart, so switching vehicles cannot
+            // transfer the previous vehicle's pending turn.
+            let rotate =
+                self.minecart_improvements() && self.settings.file.bool("rotateWithMinecart");
+            if let Some(c) = self.carts.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == id) {
+                c.passenger_yaw_delta = 0.0;
+                if rotate && c.kind == super::minecarts::CartKind::Rideable {
+                    c.rotate_passenger(&mut self.yaw);
+                }
+            }
             // A minecart: the server moves it, the rider sits in it.
             let cart = self.carts.iter().find(|c| c.id == id).map(|c| {
                 c.position

crates/horizon-client/src/game/screens.rs

@@ -264,6 +264,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             let hover = active && (ui::hovered(self.cursor, x, y, bw, 20.0) || is_focused);
             let label = match (id, &additions) {
                 (14, Some((label, _))) => label.clone(),
+                _ if self.options.split_guest && key == "menu.disconnect" => {
+                    Text::translate("horizon.split.leave", &[])
+                }
                 _ => Text::translate(key, &[]),
             };
             ui::button(batch, atlas, x, y, bw, 20.0, &label, active, hover);

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ use winit::{
     window::WindowId,
 };
 
+mod frames;
 mod hud;
 mod pads;
 mod players;
@@ -144,9 +145,17 @@ pub(super) struct Split<'a> {
     /// Whose game runs now (0 = P1), and P1's buttons while another's does.
     turn: usize,
     host_widgets: widgets::Saved,
+    /// `HORIZON_SPLIT_STATS`: when the frame times were last printed.
+    stats: Option<Instant>,
+    /// For the readout: where a frame's wall time goes (the turns with their renders, presents,
+    /// the GPU wait, outside `about_to_wait`), summed since the last print, and when this frame
+    /// started.
+    spent: [Duration; 4],
+    spent_frames: u32,
+    frame_started: Option<Instant>,
     /// The controllers while several play (`pads`), and P1's.
     pads: PadRouter,
-    p1_pad: Option<PadId>,
+    p1_pad: pads::P1Pad<PadId>,
     /// Pads whose buttons still count as the press that gave them: released first.
     fresh: Vec<PadId>,
     /// Controllers offered to join, each since when: several may join at once.
@@ -191,8 +200,12 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
             res: None,
             turn: 0,
             host_widgets: Default::default(),
+            stats: std::env::var_os("HORIZON_SPLIT_STATS").map(|_| Instant::now()),
+            spent: Default::default(),
+            spent_frames: 0,
+            frame_started: None,
             pads: Default::default(),
-            p1_pad: None,
+            p1_pad: Default::default(),
             fresh: Vec::new(),
             offers: Vec::new(),
             lost: Vec::new(),
@@ -505,7 +518,10 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
         for pad in pad_joins {
             match self.join(Some(pad), None) {
                 Ok(()) => changed = true,
-                Err(e) => log::warn!("Horizon: splitscreen: a player could not join: {e}"),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    self.restore_given_up_pad(pad);
+                    log::warn!("Horizon: splitscreen: a player could not join: {e}");
+                }
             }
         }
         if self.in_world() && self.test_players > 0 {
@@ -530,7 +546,8 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
 
     /// Each window shows its players' frames, then the GPU wait, once, for all of them. Only
     /// the game's window waits for the display (vsync): windows each waiting would divide the rate.
-    fn present(&mut self) {
+    /// When the windows had presented (before the GPU wait), for the frame-time readout.
+    fn present(&mut self) -> Instant {
         let views = self.views();
         let renderers: Vec<_> = std::iter::once(&self.host.renderer)
             .chain(self.guests.iter().map(|g| &g.game.renderer))
@@ -547,6 +564,7 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
             surface.compositor.set_vsync(vsync && k == paced);
             surface.compositor.present(&frames);
         }
+        let presented = Instant::now();
         // One player's CPU work overlapped the GPU drawing another's.
         let renderers = std::iter::once(&mut self.host.renderer)
             .chain(self.guests.iter_mut().map(|g| &mut g.game.renderer));
@@ -554,6 +572,7 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
             renderer.paced_elsewhere = true;
             renderer.wait_in_flight();
         }
+        presented
     }
 }
 
@@ -722,11 +741,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Split<'_> {
             // output (rumble, triggers) through the split's reader for P1's turn.
             let pad_joins = self.route_pads(true);
             self.turn(0);
-            if let Some(id) = self.p1_pad {
+            if let Some(id) = self.p1_pad.owner {
                 self.pads.lend_output(&mut self.host.pad, id);
             }
             self.host.about_to_wait(event_loop);
-            if self.p1_pad.is_some() {
+            if self.p1_pad.owner.is_some() {
                 self.pads.reclaim_output(&mut self.host.pad);
             }
             if self.admit(event_loop, pad_joins) {
@@ -734,6 +753,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Split<'_> {
             }
             return;
         }
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        if let Some(previous) = self.frame_started.replace(started) {
+            // What the last frame left after its own work: events, the limiter, the OS.
+            self.spent[3] += started.saturating_duration_since(previous);
+        }
         let pad_joins = self.route_pads(false);
         self.turn(0);
         self.host.about_to_wait(event_loop);
@@ -786,7 +810,19 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Split<'_> {
             }
         }
         self.turn(0);
-        self.present();
+        let rendered = Instant::now();
+        let presented = self.present();
+        let waited = Instant::now();
+        for (k, d) in [rendered - started, presented - rendered, waited - presented]
+            .into_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            self.spent[k] += d;
+        }
+        // The rest of the frame (the limiter, the OS) counts as outside, from `waited` on.
+        self.spent[3] = self.spent[3].saturating_sub(waited - started);
+        self.spent_frames += 1;
+        self.print_stats();
         // One pace for all: the fastest any player wants, so an idle one (vanilla's AFK limit)
         // can't slow the others. With vsync the display paces anything at or above its refresh
         // rate; the limiter on top would miss refreshes.

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split/frames.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//! The frame-time readout (`HORIZON_SPLIT_STATS=1`, docs/extras.md). The players render one
+//! after another: on threads, their renders slowed each other down (the GPU driver's per-process
+//! state) more than they overlapped.
+use super::*;
+
+impl<'a> Split<'a> {
+    /// `HORIZON_SPLIT_STATS=1`: every 5 s, where a frame's time goes (the players' turns with
+    /// their renders, the windows' presents, the GPU wait, outside the loop) and each player's
+    /// frame rate and CPU and GPU time a frame, in the log.
+    pub(super) fn print_stats(&mut self) {
+        let Some(since) = self.stats else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if since.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5) {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.stats = Some(Instant::now());
+        let seats: Vec<usize> = (0..self.players()).map(|i| self.seat_of(i)).collect();
+        let games =
+            std::iter::once(&mut self.host).chain(self.guests.iter_mut().map(|g| &mut *g.game));
+        let frames = self.spent_frames.max(1);
+        let [turns, presents, wait, outside] =
+            std::mem::take(&mut self.spent).map(|d| d.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0 / f64::from(frames));
+        self.spent_frames = 0;
+        let mut line = format!(
+            " a frame {:.2} ms: turns {turns:.2} (with the renders), presents {presents:.2}, gpu wait {wait:.2}, outside {outside:.2}.",
+            turns + presents + wait + outside,
+        );
+        for (i, game) in games.enumerate() {
+            let s = game.frame_stats.summary();
+            let ms = |k: &str| s[k]["avg_ms"].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
+            line += &format!(
+                "  P{}: {:.0} fps, cpu {:.2} ms (render {:.2} ms), gpu {:.2} ms",
+                seats[i],
+                s["avg_fps"].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0),
+                ms("cpu"),
+                s["phases_avg_ms"]["render"].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0),
+                ms("gpu"),
+            );
+            game.frame_stats.reset();
+        }
+        log::info!("Horizon: splitscreen frames:{line}");
+    }
+}

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split/hud.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ fn panel(batch: &mut HudBatch, atlas: &horizon_client::hud::HudAtlas, [px, py, p
 pub(super) struct Prompt {
     pub(super) ask: Ask,
     pub(super) title: String,
-    pub(super) choices: Vec<(Button, &'static str)>,
+    pub(super) choices: Vec<(Button, String)>,
 }
 
 /// What a prompt asks: a controller may join (every view, a strip at the top: nobody stops
@@ -70,12 +70,20 @@ pub(super) enum Ask {
     Lost,
 }
 
+/// A splitscreen prompt's text in the selected language (`horizon.splitscreen.prompt.*`).
+pub(super) fn tr(key: &str, args: &[&dyn std::fmt::Display]) -> String {
+    horizon_client::lang::tr(&format!("horizon.splitscreen.prompt.{key}"), args)
+}
+
 /// The question on a waiting player's view.
 pub(super) fn lost_prompt(name: &str) -> Prompt {
     Prompt {
         ask: Ask::Lost,
-        title: format!("{name}: controller disconnected"),
-        choices: vec![(Button::South, "Use another"), (Button::East, "Leave")],
+        title: tr("lost", &[&name]),
+        choices: vec![
+            (Button::South, tr("lost.use_another", &[])),
+            (Button::East, tr("lost.leave", &[])),
+        ],
     }
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +127,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
             let glyphs: Vec<_> = prompt
                 .choices
                 .iter()
-                .map(|&(b, what)| (b.label(style), b.color(style), what))
+                .map(|(b, what)| (b.label(style), b.color(style), what.as_str()))
                 .collect();
             let line: f32 = glyphs
                 .iter()

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split/pads.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Controllers: which player each drives, joining with one, and one disconnecting (its player
 //! waits for another). One reader for every player's game (`PadRouter`) while splitscreen
 //! watches the controllers; otherwise P1 reads them itself, as without splitscreen.
+use super::hud::tr;
 use super::*;
 use crate::game::pad::{PadEvent, PadId};
 use horizon_client::gamepad::{Button, PadState};
@@ -8,6 +9,57 @@ use horizon_client::gamepad::{Button, PadState};
 /// How long a controller's offer to join stays up.
 const OFFER: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
 
+/// P1's controller, and one P1 gave away (Give Up Pad) while it's offered to join: until the
+/// other player is in the world, cancelling, declining or the offer running out gives that same
+/// pad back, never another player's.
+pub(super) struct P1Pad<Id> {
+    pub(super) owner: Option<Id>,
+    released: Option<Id>,
+}
+impl<Id> Default for P1Pad<Id> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            owner: None,
+            released: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl<Id: Copy + Eq> P1Pad<Id> {
+    pub(super) fn claim(&mut self, id: Id) {
+        self.owner = Some(id);
+        if self.released == Some(id) {
+            self.released = None;
+        }
+    }
+    fn release(&mut self) -> Option<Id> {
+        let id = self.owner.take()?;
+        self.released = Some(id);
+        Some(id)
+    }
+    fn cancel(&mut self, id: Id) -> bool {
+        if self.released != Some(id) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.released = None;
+        if self.owner.is_some() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.owner = Some(id);
+        true
+    }
+    pub(super) fn joined(&mut self, id: Id) {
+        if self.released == Some(id) {
+            self.released = None;
+        }
+    }
+    fn gone(&mut self, id: Id) {
+        if self.owner == Some(id) {
+            self.owner = None;
+        }
+        self.joined(id);
+    }
+}
+
 /// A player whose controller disconnected, waiting for one: its seat (1 = P1), and the
 /// controller's id and kind (`PadRouter::uuid`) to know it back.
 pub(super) struct Lost<Id> {
@@ -72,7 +124,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
             self.offers.clear();
             self.fresh.clear();
             self.lost.clear();
-            self.p1_pad = None;
+            self.p1_pad = P1Pad::default();
             self.pads = PadRouter::default();
         }
     }
@@ -98,7 +150,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
     /// `solo`: no compositor, P1 alone (its controller's output is lent to it after this).
     pub(super) fn route_pads(&mut self, solo: bool) -> Vec<PadId> {
         let now = Instant::now();
-        let owner_before = self.p1_pad;
+        let owner_before = self.p1_pad.owner;
         let offers_before = self.offers.len();
         let mut joins = Vec::new();
         let mut presses = Vec::new();
@@ -116,7 +168,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
         }
         self.forget_lost();
         for (id, button) in presses {
-            if Some(id) == self.p1_pad || self.guests.iter().any(|g| g.pad == Some(id)) {
+            if Some(id) == self.p1_pad.owner || self.guests.iter().any(|g| g.pad == Some(id)) {
                 continue;
             }
             // Pressed, then gone in the same frame.
@@ -140,10 +192,10 @@ impl Split<'_> {
                 in_world,
                 p1_waits,
                 self.host.settings.controller.enabled,
-                self.p1_pad.is_some(),
+                self.p1_pad.owner.is_some(),
             );
             if claims_p1 {
-                self.p1_pad = Some(id);
+                self.p1_pad.claim(id);
                 self.fresh.push(id);
                 continue;
             }
@@ -158,14 +210,16 @@ impl Split<'_> {
                         joins.push(id);
                     }
                     Button::North
-                        if self.p1_pad.is_none() && self.host.settings.controller.enabled =>
+                        if self.p1_pad.owner.is_none() && self.host.settings.controller.enabled =>
                     {
                         self.offers.remove(k);
-                        self.p1_pad = Some(id);
+                        self.p1_pad.claim(id);
                         self.fresh.push(id);
                     }
+                    // No: a pad P1 gave up goes back to P1.
                     Button::East => {
                         self.offers.remove(k);
+                        self.restore_given_up_pad(id);
                     }
                     _ => {}
                 },
@@ -178,18 +232,28 @@ impl Split<'_> {
             }
         }
         let in_world = self.in_world();
+        // An offer that ran out: a pad P1 gave up goes back to P1.
+        let expired: Vec<_> = self
+            .offers
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, since)| now - *since > OFFER || !in_world)
+            .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+            .collect();
+        for id in expired {
+            self.restore_given_up_pad(id);
+        }
         self.offers
             .retain(|(_, since)| now - *since <= OFFER && in_world);
         if self.offers.is_empty() {
             self.prompt_join(None);
         } else if self.offers.len() != offers_before
-            || self.p1_pad != owner_before
+            || self.p1_pad.owner != owner_before
             || !joins.is_empty()
         {
             self.ask_to_join();
         }
         // Each player's glyphs follow its own controller (its game never reads the pads itself).
-        if let Some(id) = self.p1_pad {
+        if let Some(id) = self.p1_pad.owner {
             self.host.pad.style = self.pads.style(id);
         }
         for g in &mut self.guests {
@@ -201,10 +265,10 @@ impl Split<'_> {
         // lends it its reader for P1's turn (`lend_output`), so no second reader opens. Only
         // when nothing is lent does P1's own reader close: releasing a lent one each frame
         // would stop its rumble a frame after it starts.
-        if !lends_output(solo, self.p1_pad.is_some()) {
+        if !lends_output(solo, self.p1_pad.owner.is_some()) {
             self.host.pad.release_hardware();
         }
-        self.host.pad.feed = Some(self.pad_state(self.p1_pad));
+        self.host.pad.feed = Some(self.pad_state(self.p1_pad.owner));
         for i in 0..self.guests.len() {
             let state = self.pad_state(self.guests[i].pad);
             self.guests[i].game.pad.feed = Some(state);
@@ -212,6 +276,27 @@ impl Split<'_> {
         joins
     }
 
+    /// P1's Give Up Pad: its controller stops driving P1 and is offered to join, for a friend
+    /// to press A (P1 plays on with the keyboard and mouse).
+    pub(super) fn give_up_pad(&mut self) {
+        let Some(id) = self.p1_pad.release() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        self.offers.retain(|(o, _)| *o != id);
+        self.offers.push((id, Instant::now()));
+        self.host.pad.release_hardware();
+        self.host.pad.feed = Some(PadState::default());
+        self.ask_to_join();
+    }
+
+    /// A pad P1 gave up whose offer ended without a player in the world: P1's again.
+    pub(super) fn restore_given_up_pad(&mut self, id: PadId) {
+        if self.pads.connected(id) && self.p1_pad.cancel(id) {
+            // The Cancel/No press belongs to the transfer, not P1's menu.
+            self.fresh.push(id);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A controller disconnected: its offer and fresh press go; its player waits for one
     /// (P1 keeps the keyboard and mouse).
     fn pad_gone(&mut self, id: PadId) {
@@ -222,13 +307,14 @@ impl Split<'_> {
             self.ask_to_join();
         }
         let uuid = self.pads.uuid(id);
-        if self.p1_pad == Some(id) {
-            self.p1_pad = None;
+        let owned = self.p1_pad.owner == Some(id);
+        self.p1_pad.gone(id);
+        if owned {
             if self.in_world() {
                 self.lost.push(Lost { seat: 1, id, uuid });
                 self.host.split_hud.notice = Some(Notice::new(
-                    "Controller disconnected",
-                    "Reconnect it, or press a button on another",
+                    tr("controller_disconnected", &[]),
+                    tr("controller_disconnected.hint", &[]),
                 ));
             }
             return;
@@ -254,7 +340,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
     fn give_pad(&mut self, seat: usize, id: PadId) {
         self.fresh.push(id);
         let hud = if seat == 1 {
-            self.p1_pad = Some(id);
+            self.p1_pad.claim(id);
             &mut self.host.split_hud
         } else {
             let Some(g) = self.guests.iter_mut().find(|g| g.seat == seat) else {
@@ -266,7 +352,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
         if hud.prompt.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| p.ask == Ask::Lost) {
             hud.prompt = None;
         }
-        hud.notice = Some(Notice::new("Controller connected", ""));
+        hud.notice = Some(Notice::new(tr("controller_connected", &[]), ""));
     }
 
     /// A button on a controller nobody has while players wait for one: true when it answered
@@ -300,7 +386,7 @@ impl Split<'_> {
     /// Nobody waits for a player who left or has a controller again (another way), nor for P1
     /// out of a world.
     fn forget_lost(&mut self) {
-        let p1 = self.in_world() && self.p1_pad.is_none();
+        let p1 = self.in_world() && self.p1_pad.owner.is_none();
         let guests = &self.guests;
         self.lost.retain(|l| match l.seat {
             1 => p1,
@@ -311,14 +397,14 @@ impl Split<'_> {
     /// Every player sees the controllers waiting to join, whatever it is doing.
     fn ask_to_join(&mut self) {
         let title = match self.offers.as_slice() {
-            [(id, _)] => format!("{} wants to join", self.pads.name(*id)),
-            offers => format!("{} controllers want to join", offers.len()),
+            [(id, _)] => tr("join.one", &[&self.pads.name(*id)]),
+            offers => tr("join.many", &[&offers.len()]),
         };
-        let mut choices = vec![(Button::South, "Join")];
-        if self.p1_pad.is_none() && self.host.settings.controller.enabled {
-            choices.push((Button::North, "Play as P1"));
+        let mut choices = vec![(Button::South, tr("join.yes", &[]))];
+        if self.p1_pad.owner.is_none() && self.host.settings.controller.enabled {
+            choices.push((Button::North, tr("join.as_p1", &[])));
         }
-        choices.push((Button::East, "No"));
+        choices.push((Button::East, tr("join.no", &[])));
         self.prompt_join(Some(Prompt {
             ask: Ask::Join,
             title,
@@ -474,4 +560,34 @@ mod tests {
         let waiting = [lost(2, [0; 16])];
         assert_eq!(claim(&waiting, [0; 16], Button::North, true), Claim::Wait);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_pending_transfer_can_be_canceled_without_claiming_an_unrelated_pad() {
+        let mut p1 = P1Pad::default();
+        p1.claim(7);
+        assert_eq!(p1.release(), Some(7));
+        assert_eq!(p1.owner, None);
+        assert!(!p1.cancel(8));
+        assert!(p1.cancel(7));
+        assert_eq!(p1.owner, Some(7));
+        assert!(!p1.cancel(7));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn entering_the_world_commits_the_transfer_and_reclaim_does_not_steal_a_pad() {
+        let mut p1 = P1Pad::default();
+        p1.claim(7);
+        p1.release();
+        p1.joined(7);
+        assert!(!p1.cancel(7));
+        assert_eq!(p1.owner, None);
+        p1.claim(7);
+        p1.release();
+        p1.claim(8);
+        assert!(!p1.cancel(7));
+        assert_eq!(p1.owner, Some(8));
+        p1.release();
+        p1.gone(8);
+        assert!(!p1.cancel(8));
+    }
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split/players.rs

@@ -350,6 +350,12 @@ impl Split<'_> {
         for k in (0..self.guests.len()).rev() {
             let g = &mut self.guests[k];
             g.entered |= g.game.remote.is_some() && g.game.player.is_some();
+            // In the world: a pad P1 gave up is this player's for good.
+            if g.entered
+                && let Some(id) = g.pad
+            {
+                self.p1_pad.joined(id);
+            }
             let g = &self.guests[k];
             // A player picking a profile has no connection yet.
             let playing = g.name.is_none() || g.game.remote.is_some();
@@ -384,6 +390,12 @@ impl Split<'_> {
             self.turn(0);
         }
         let guest = self.guests.remove(k);
+        // Gone before it got into the world: a pad P1 gave up goes back to P1.
+        if !guest.entered
+            && let Some(id) = guest.pad
+        {
+            self.restore_given_up_pad(id);
+        }
         if self.focus > k + 1 {
             self.focus -= 1;
         }

crates/horizon-client/src/game/split/setup.rs

@@ -130,7 +130,16 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
         self.refresh_monitors();
         let live = self.draft();
         let (monitors, main) = self.setup_monitors();
-        let names = (0..self.players()).map(|i| self.name(i)).collect();
+        // A player whose controller disconnected says so on its tile.
+        let names = (0..self.players())
+            .map(|i| {
+                let name = self.name(i);
+                match self.lost.iter().any(|l| l.seat == self.seat_of(i)) {
+                    true => format!("{name} (no controller)"),
+                    false => name,
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
         let seats: Vec<usize> = (0..self.players()).map(|i| self.seat_of(i)).collect();
         let moved = std::mem::replace(&mut self.setup_seats, seats) != self.setup_seats;
         let setup = &mut self.host.ui.options.split_setup;
@@ -140,14 +149,21 @@ impl<'a> Split<'a> {
         }
         let applied = setup.apply.take();
         let identify = std::mem::take(&mut setup.identify);
+        let give_up = std::mem::take(&mut setup.give_up_pad);
         if std::mem::take(&mut setup.toggle_names) {
             let e = &mut self.host.settings.extras;
             e.splitscreen_names = !e.splitscreen_names;
             self.host.settings.save(&Game::options_path());
         }
         let names_shown = self.host.settings.extras.splitscreen_names;
+        if give_up {
+            self.give_up_pad();
+        }
+        // Give Up Pad shows while P1 has a controller in a world others can join.
+        let p1_pad = self.p1_pad.owner.is_some() && self.in_world();
         let setup = &mut self.host.ui.options.split_setup;
         setup.names_shown = names_shown;
+        setup.p1_pad = p1_pad;
         setup.idle = self.surfaces.is_empty();
         setup.live = Some(live);
         setup.monitors = monitors;

crates/horizon-client/src/game/tnt.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 //! Primed TNT (`PrimedTnt`): 80-tick fuse, gravity and drag, explosion of
 //! power 4, `TntRenderer` swell and white flash, and `TntBlock.useItemOn`
 //! (flint and steel / fire charge).
-use super::Game;
+use super::{Game, entity::Entity};
+use horizon_client::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use horizon_client::{
     Result, collisions::SceneCollisions, items::ItemStack, mesher::Vertex, mobs::Who, text::Text,
 };
@@ -48,11 +49,10 @@ impl PrimedTnt {
         collision: &horizon_world::block_collision::BlockCollisionRegistry<'_>,
         assets: &horizon_client::assets::Assets,
         facts: &horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts,
+        fluids: &horizon_client::motion::FluidResources,
     ) -> Result<Vec<BlockPos>> {
         self.previous = self.position;
-        if !self.no_gravity {
-            self.velocity.y -= 0.04;
-        }
+        self.velocity.y -= self.get_gravity();
         let mut scene = SceneCollisions {
             world,
             binding: collision,
@@ -132,27 +132,7 @@ impl PrimedTnt {
         self.fuse -= 1;
         if self.fuse > 0 {
             // PrimedTnt updates immersion after moving and decrementing its fuse.
-            let mut fluids =
-                horizon_world::entity_fluid::EntityFluidInteraction::new([WATER, LAVA]);
-            let mut fluid_world = TntFluidWorld {
-                tnt: self,
-                world,
-                assets,
-                facts,
-            };
-            fluids
-                .update(&mut fluid_world, false, 4096)
-                .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
-            fluids.apply_current(&mut fluid_world, WATER, 0.014)?;
-            fluids.apply_current(
-                &mut fluid_world,
-                LAVA,
-                if world.fast_lava {
-                    0.007
-                } else {
-                    0.0023333333333333335
-                },
-            )?;
+            self.push_by_fluid(world, fluids);
         }
         Ok(tops)
     }
@@ -265,6 +245,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                 self.collision,
                 &self.pack.assets,
                 self.res.facts(),
+                &self.res.motion().fluids,
             )?;
             for pos in tops {
                 self.bubble_column_particles(pos);
@@ -469,148 +450,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-use horizon_world::{
-    entity_fluid::{
-        CurrentTarget, FluidInteractionWorld, FluidMembership, FluidSections, FluidTagId,
-    },
-    fluid::{FluidHeightWorld, FluidKind, FluidState},
-    fluid_flow::{FluidFlowWorld, flow_at},
-};
-const WATER: FluidTagId = FluidTagId(0);
-const LAVA: FluidTagId = FluidTagId(1);
-struct TntFluidWorld<'a> {
-    tnt: &'a mut PrimedTnt,
-    world: &'a horizon_client::world::World,
-    assets: &'a horizon_client::assets::Assets,
-    facts: &'a horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts,
-}
-impl TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    fn state(&self, p: BlockPos) -> horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId {
-        self.world.block(p.x, p.y, p.z)
-    }
-    fn fluid_at(&self, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<FluidState> {
-        FluidState::from_block(
-            self.assets
-                .registry
-                .state(self.state(p))
-                .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("missing TNT fluid state"))?,
-        )
-    }
-}
-impl FluidMembership for TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    fn fluid_in_tag(&self, kind: FluidKind, tag: FluidTagId) -> bool {
-        match tag {
-            WATER => matches!(kind, FluidKind::Water | FluidKind::FlowingWater),
-            LAVA => matches!(kind, FluidKind::Lava | FluidKind::FlowingLava),
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-impl CurrentTarget for TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    type Error = std::io::Error;
-    fn is_player_class(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-    fn velocity(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<Vec3> {
-        Ok(self.tnt.velocity)
-    }
-    fn add_delta_movement(&mut self, v: Vec3) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-        self.tnt.velocity = Vec3::new(
-            self.tnt.velocity.x + v.x,
-            self.tnt.velocity.y + v.y,
-            self.tnt.velocity.z + v.z,
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-impl FluidInteractionWorld for TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    type Error = std::io::Error;
-    type Chunk = (i32, i32);
-    fn interaction_box(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<Option<Aabb>> {
-        Ok(Some(
-            self.tnt.bounds().deflate(Vec3::new(0.001, 0.001, 0.001)),
-        ))
-    }
-    fn loaded_chunk(&mut self, x: i32, z: i32) -> std::io::Result<Option<Self::Chunk>> {
-        Ok(self.world.chunks.contains_key(&(x, z)).then_some((x, z)))
-    }
-    fn chunk_sections(&mut self, _: Self::Chunk) -> std::io::Result<FluidSections<'_>> {
-        let layout = self.world.layout();
-        Ok(FluidSections {
-            minimum_section_y: layout.min_y() / 16,
-            has_fluid: horizon_client::chunk::every_section(layout),
-        })
-    }
-    fn bounding_box_min_y(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.tnt.position.y
-    }
-    fn block_x(&self) -> i32 {
-        self.tnt.position.x.floor() as i32
-    }
-    fn block_z(&self) -> i32 {
-        self.tnt.position.z.floor() as i32
-    }
-    fn eye_y(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<f64> {
-        Ok(self.tnt.position.y + f64::from(0.98f32 * 0.85f32))
-    }
-    fn fluid_state(&mut self, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<FluidState> {
-        self.fluid_at(p)
-    }
-    fn fluid_height(&mut self, s: FluidState, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<f32> {
-        s.height_at(self, [p.x, p.y, p.z])
-    }
-    fn camera_height(&mut self, s: FluidState, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<f32> {
-        s.camera_height_at(self, [p.x, p.y, p.z])
-    }
-    fn flow(&mut self, s: FluidState, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<Vec3> {
-        flow_at(self, s, p)
-    }
-}
-impl FluidHeightWorld for TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    type Error = std::io::Error;
-    fn fluid(&mut self, p: [i32; 3]) -> std::io::Result<FluidState> {
-        self.fluid_at(BlockPos::new(p[0], p[1], p[2]))
-    }
-    fn sturdy_down(&mut self, p: [i32; 3]) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
-        Ok(self
-            .facts
-            .get(self.state(BlockPos::new(p[0], p[1], p[2])))
-            .sturdy_full
-            & 1
-            != 0)
-    }
-}
-impl FluidFlowWorld for TntFluidWorld<'_> {
-    type Error = std::io::Error;
-    type Block = horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId;
-    fn fluid(&mut self, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<FluidState> {
-        self.fluid_at(p)
-    }
-    fn block(&mut self, p: BlockPos) -> std::io::Result<Self::Block> {
-        Ok(self.state(p))
-    }
-    fn blocks_fluid_flow(&self, s: Self::Block) -> bool {
-        self.assets
-            .blocks_fluid_flow
-            .contains(&self.assets.registry.state(s).unwrap().name)
-    }
-    fn is_ice_class(&self, s: Self::Block) -> bool {
-        self.facts
-            .get(s)
-            .classes
-            .iter()
-            .any(|c| c.as_ref() == "IceBlock")
-    }
-    fn is_face_sturdy(
-        &mut self,
-        s: Self::Block,
-        _: BlockPos,
-        d: horizon_core::geometry::Direction,
-    ) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
-        Ok(self.facts.get(s).sturdy_full & (1 << d as u8) != 0)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Game<'_> {
     /// `positionRider` for the mobs riding primed TNT: the passenger attachment
     /// (the top of its 0.98 box), less the rider's own vehicle attachment.
@@ -713,6 +552,7 @@ mod tests {
         let assets = horizon_client::assets::Assets::load(&root).unwrap();
         let render = assets.reload(&root).unwrap();
         let facts = horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
+        let fluids = horizon_client::motion::FluidResources::new(&assets, &facts).unwrap();
         let collision = horizon_client::collisions::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
         let mut world = horizon_client::world::World::test_scene(&assets, &render, 3).unwrap();
         let stone = assets.registry.default_state("minecraft:stone").unwrap();
@@ -740,7 +580,8 @@ mod tests {
             guest: None,
             power: 4.0,
         };
-        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             tnt.position.x, at.x,
             "current is applied after motion, not before"
@@ -751,13 +592,15 @@ mod tests {
             tnt.velocity
         );
         assert_eq!(tnt.fuse, 79);
-        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+            .unwrap();
         assert!((tnt.position.x - at.x - 0.014).abs() < 1e-12);
         assert!(tnt.on_ground);
         tnt.position = at;
         tnt.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
         tnt.fuse = 1;
-        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(tnt.fuse, 0);
         assert_eq!(
             tnt.velocity.x, 0.0,
@@ -767,7 +610,8 @@ mod tests {
         tnt.position = at;
         tnt.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
         tnt.fuse = 80;
-        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             tnt.velocity.x, 0.0,
             "still water must not add horizontal motion"
@@ -782,7 +626,8 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap();
         tnt.on_ground = false;
         tnt.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
-        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+        tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+            .unwrap();
         assert!(
             tnt.position.y < at.y && tnt.velocity.y < 0.0,
             "TNT sinks; water does not add buoyancy"
@@ -800,6 +645,7 @@ mod tests {
         let assets = horizon_client::assets::Assets::load(&root).unwrap();
         let render = assets.reload(&root).unwrap();
         let facts = horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
+        let fluids = horizon_client::motion::FluidResources::new(&assets, &facts).unwrap();
         let collision = horizon_client::collisions::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
         let mut world = horizon_client::world::World::test_scene(&assets, &render, 3).unwrap();
         let water = assets.registry.default_state("minecraft:water").unwrap();
@@ -837,7 +683,8 @@ mod tests {
             power: 4.0,
         };
         for _ in 0..10 {
-            tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+            tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+                .unwrap();
         }
         assert!(
             tnt.velocity.y > 0.0,
@@ -857,7 +704,8 @@ mod tests {
         tnt.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
         tnt.on_ground = false;
         for _ in 0..4 {
-            tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap();
+            tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+                .unwrap();
         }
         assert!(
             tnt.position.y < at.y,
@@ -880,6 +728,7 @@ mod tests {
         let assets = horizon_client::assets::Assets::load(&root).unwrap();
         let render = assets.reload(&root).unwrap();
         let facts = horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
+        let fluids = horizon_client::motion::FluidResources::new(&assets, &facts).unwrap();
         let collision = horizon_client::collisions::load(&root, assets.registry).unwrap();
         let mut world = horizon_client::world::World::test_scene(&assets, &render, 3).unwrap();
         let water = assets.registry.default_state("minecraft:water").unwrap();
@@ -914,7 +763,10 @@ mod tests {
         let mut tops = Vec::new();
         let mut tnt = primed();
         for _ in 0..30 {
-            tops.extend(tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts).unwrap());
+            tops.extend(
+                tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
+                    .unwrap(),
+            );
         }
         assert!(!tops.is_empty(), "it reaches the top of the column");
         assert!(
@@ -926,7 +778,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut tnt = primed();
         for _ in 0..10 {
             assert!(
-                tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts)
+                tnt.tick(&world, &collision, &assets, &facts, &fluids)
                     .unwrap()
                     .is_empty()
             );

crates/horizon-client/src/game/world_loading.rs

@@ -177,8 +177,6 @@ impl WorldRequest {
                 o.flat_settings(),
                 o.single_biome(),
             )?;
-            // WorldCreationUiState.getGameRules, written with the level.
-            level.game_rules = o.rules.by_name();
             // The DataPackConfig the screen chose: the picked packs on,
             // everything else disabled — the feature packs left out, and the
             // world packs the Data Packs screen held back (`install` copies
@@ -207,16 +205,13 @@ impl WorldRequest {
             // picked feature packs over vanilla's (`FeatureFlags.REGISTRY`'s
             // codec writes the whole set, `minecraft:vanilla` included, and
             // omits the tag when it is the default).
-            let mut flags = vec!["minecraft:vanilla".to_owned()];
-            flags.extend(
-                packs
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter(|p| o.data_packs.contains(&p.id))
-                    .flat_map(|p| p.features()),
-            );
-            flags.sort();
-            flags.dedup();
-            level.enabled_features = flags;
+            level.enabled_features = o.enabled_features(&options.resources);
+            // CreateWorldScreen copies the edited rules with the final flags,
+            // even when the player never opened the rules screen.
+            level.game_rules = o
+                .rules
+                .copy_with_features(&level.enabled_features)
+                .by_name();
         }
         // Worlds made without the Create New World screen (--world, the
         // control socket) take its default: commands on for Creative only.

crates/horizon-client/src/game_rules_screen.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use crate::{
     confirm_screen::Confirm,
     font::Font,
-    gamerules::{self, GameRules, RULES, Rule, Value},
+    gamerules::{self, GameRules, Rule, Value},
     hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
     lang,
     text::{Style, Text, named_color},
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ impl RulesScreen {
     fn build(rules: &GameRules, in_world: bool) -> Self {
         // setInitialFocus: the search box.
         let search = EditBox::new(0.0, 0.0, SEARCH_WIDTH, 15.0);
-        let numbers = RULES
-            .iter()
+        let numbers = rules
+            .available_rules()
             .filter(|r| matches!(r.default, Value::Int(_)))
             .map(|r| {
                 let mut b = EditBox::new(0.0, 0.0, 44.0, 20.0);
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl RulesScreen {
         let filter = self.search.value.to_lowercase();
         let has = |s: &str| s.to_lowercase().contains(&filter);
         let mut categories: Vec<(&'static str, Vec<&'static Rule>)> = Vec::new();
-        for r in RULES {
+        for r in self.values.available_rules() {
             let key = name_key(r);
             let description = format!("{key}.description");
             let matches = has(r.name)
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ impl RulesScreen {
             .any(|(name, b)| gamerules::rule(name).is_none_or(|r| parse(r, &b.value).is_none()))
     }
     fn changes(&self) -> Vec<(&'static str, Value)> {
-        RULES
-            .iter()
+        self.values
+            .available_rules()
             .filter_map(|r| {
                 let value = self.values.get(r.name)?;
                 (Some(value) != self.initial.get(r.name)).then_some((r.name, value))
@@ -636,6 +636,7 @@ impl RulesScreen {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::gamerules::RULES;
 
     #[test]
     fn a_switch_narrates_its_name_value_description_and_next_value() {

crates/horizon-client/src/item_render.rs

@@ -469,11 +469,12 @@ impl FileSprites {
             cache.insert(sprite.to_owned(), translucent);
         }
         let alpha: Vec<u8> = argb.iter().map(|p| (p >> 24) as u8).collect();
-        let animation = fs::read_to_string(png.with_extension("png.mcmeta"))
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|m| serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&m).ok())
-            .and_then(|m| m.get("animation").map(Value::to_string))
-            .and_then(|a| AnimationMetadata::from_json(&a).ok());
+        let animation =
+            horizon_core::prepared_files::read_to_string(&png.with_extension("png.mcmeta"))
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|m| serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&m).ok())
+                .and_then(|m| m.get("animation").map(Value::to_string))
+                .and_then(|a| AnimationMetadata::from_json(&a).ok());
         let (w, h) = match &animation {
             Some(a) => {
                 let [w, h] = a.frame_size(iw as i32, ih as i32);
@@ -542,40 +543,28 @@ pub struct ItemRenderer {
     pub cit: Option<cit::CitModels>,
 }
 
-/// Every `items/**/*.json` client item definition, by identifier.
+/// Every `items/**/*.json` client item definition, by identifier. Through
+/// `json_folder`: from the prepared data file when the root has one.
 fn load_definitions(root: &Path) -> BTreeMap<String, ClientItem> {
-    fn walk(dir: &Path, rel: &str, namespace: &str, out: &mut BTreeMap<String, ClientItem>) {
-        let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) else {
-            return;
-        };
-        for entry in entries.flatten() {
-            let path = entry.path();
-            let Some(name) = path.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()) else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            let rel = if rel.is_empty() {
-                name
-            } else {
-                format!("{rel}/{name}")
-            };
-            if path.is_dir() {
-                walk(&path, &rel, namespace, out);
-            } else if let Some(id) = rel.strip_suffix(".json")
-                && let Some(item) = fs::read_to_string(&path)
-                    .ok()
-                    .and_then(|t| ClientItem::from_json(&t).ok())
-            {
-                out.insert(format!("{namespace}:{id}"), item);
-            }
-        }
-    }
     let mut out = BTreeMap::new();
     let Ok(namespaces) = fs::read_dir(root.join("assets")) else {
         return out;
     };
     for ns in namespaces.flatten() {
+        let Ok(folder) = horizon_world::json_folder::read(&ns.path().join("items")) else {
+            continue;
+        };
         let namespace = ns.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-        walk(&ns.path().join("items"), "", &namespace, &mut out);
+        for file in &folder.files {
+            if let Some(item) = file
+                .bytes()
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|b| std::str::from_utf8(b).ok())
+                .and_then(|t| ClientItem::from_json(t).ok())
+            {
+                out.insert(format!("{namespace}:{}", file.name), item);
+            }
+        }
     }
     out
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/lan/commands.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,20 @@ impl CommandTree {
         builtin: &Builtin,
         extra: &Value,
     ) -> Commands {
+        self.packet_with_features(level, dedicated, builtin, extra, &[])
+    }
+
+    pub fn packet_with_features(
+        &self,
+        level: u8,
+        dedicated: bool,
+        builtin: &Builtin,
+        extra: &Value,
+        features: &[String],
+    ) -> Commands {
+        let minecart_improvements = features
+            .iter()
+            .any(|f| f == crate::gamerules::MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS);
         let mut nodes = vec![Node {
             name: String::new(),
             kind: 0,
@@ -123,6 +137,7 @@ impl CommandTree {
                 &mut Vec::new(),
                 level,
                 dedicated,
+                minecart_improvements,
                 &suggestions,
                 &mut nodes,
                 &mut paths,
@@ -183,6 +198,7 @@ fn fill(
     path: &mut Vec<String>,
     level: u8,
     dedicated: bool,
+    minecart_improvements: bool,
     suggestions: &HashMap<&str, &'static str>,
     nodes: &mut Vec<Node>,
     paths: &mut HashMap<Vec<String>, usize>,
@@ -215,6 +231,7 @@ fn fill(
         if required > level
             || path.len() == 1
                 && path[0] == "gamerule"
+                && !minecart_improvements
                 && EXPERIMENTAL_RULES.contains(&name.as_str())
         {
             continue;
@@ -255,6 +272,7 @@ fn fill(
             path,
             level,
             dedicated,
+            minecart_improvements,
             suggestions,
             nodes,
             paths,

crates/horizon-client/src/lan/entity.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ pub struct EntityState {
     pub head_yaw: f32,
     pub on_ground: bool,
     pub velocity: [f64; 3],
+    /// NewMinecartBehavior steps drained from the simulation since its last
+    /// export. None selects the ordinary entity movement packets.
+    pub minecart_steps: Option<Vec<play::MinecartStep>>,
     /// ClientboundAddEntityPacket.data (item frame direction, block state ...).
     pub data: i32,
     /// SynchedEntityData entries that differ from the defaults.
@@ -80,6 +83,9 @@ pub struct EntityState {
     /// `ServerPlayer.getCamera() != this`: a spectator watching through
     /// another entity is shown to nobody (`ServerPlayer.broadcastToPlayer`).
     pub watching: bool,
+    /// A player a native mod hid (`native_hide_player`): only clients whose
+    /// player has at least this permission level track it.
+    pub hidden: Option<u8>,
 }
 
 impl EntityState {
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ impl EntityState {
         (self.yaw, self.pitch, self.head_yaw) = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
         self.on_ground = false;
         self.velocity = [0.0; 3];
+        self.minecart_steps = None;
         self.data = 0;
         self.meta.clear();
         self.defaults.clear();
@@ -107,6 +114,7 @@ impl EntityState {
         self.leash = None;
         self.spectator = false;
         self.watching = false;
+        self.hidden = None;
     }
 }
 
@@ -232,6 +240,8 @@ struct ServerEntity {
     head: i8,
     /// lastSentMovement.
     velocity: [f64; 3],
+    /// NewMinecartBehavior.lerpSteps accumulated across tracking intervals.
+    minecart_steps: Vec<play::MinecartStep>,
     /// trackedDataValues: the entity data the clients hold.
     meta: Vec<(u8, i32, Value)>,
     equipment: Vec<(u8, Option<Stack>)>,
@@ -259,6 +269,8 @@ struct ServerEntity {
     spectator: bool,
     /// Likewise for a spectator who watches through a camera.
     watching: bool,
+    /// Likewise for a player a native mod hid.
+    hidden: Option<u8>,
 }
 
 /// SectionPos.of(entity).
@@ -307,6 +319,7 @@ impl ServerEntity {
             rotation: (pack_degrees(e.pitch), pack_degrees(e.yaw)),
             head: pack_degrees(e.head_yaw),
             velocity: e.velocity,
+            minecart_steps: e.minecart_steps.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
             meta: e.meta.clone(),
             equipment: e.equipment.clone(),
             attributes: e.attributes.clone(),
@@ -322,6 +335,7 @@ impl ServerEntity {
             section: section_of(e.position),
             spectator: e.spectator,
             watching: e.watching,
+            hidden: e.hidden,
         }
     }
 
@@ -384,6 +398,11 @@ impl ServerEntity {
     /// full position sync every 400 or when the entity lands or leaves the
     /// ground), velocity for types that track it, changed data at once.
     fn send_changes(&mut self, e: &EntityState, riding: &Riding, out: &mut Vec<play::Clientbound>) {
+        if let Some(steps) = &e.minecart_steps {
+            self.minecart_steps.extend_from_slice(steps);
+        } else {
+            self.minecart_steps.clear();
+        }
         let passengers = riding.passengers(e.id);
         if passengers != self.passengers.as_slice() {
             out.push(riding.set_passengers(e.id));
@@ -428,6 +447,14 @@ impl ServerEntity {
                 self.send_equipment(e, out);
                 return;
             }
+            if e.minecart_steps.is_some() {
+                self.send_dirty(e, dirty, out);
+                self.send_minecart(e, rotation, rotate, out);
+                self.send_head(e, out);
+                self.tick += 1;
+                self.send_equipment(e, out);
+                return;
+            }
             self.teleport_delay += 1;
             let d: f64 = (0..3).map(|k| (e.position[k] - self.base[k]).powi(2)).sum();
             let send_position = self.arrow || d >= 7.629_394_5e-6 || self.tick.is_multiple_of(60);
@@ -527,6 +554,49 @@ impl ServerEntity {
         self.send_equipment(e, out);
     }
 
+    /// ServerEntity.handleMinecartPosRot: send every recorded substep in order.
+    /// Only an empty queue uses the fallback endpoint (e.g. a stationary cart
+    /// teleported by a command); this never replaces a curved track's steps.
+    fn send_minecart(
+        &mut self,
+        e: &EntityState,
+        rotation: (i8, i8),
+        rotate: bool,
+        out: &mut Vec<play::Clientbound>,
+    ) {
+        if self.minecart_steps.is_empty() {
+            let distance: f64 = (0..3).map(|k| (e.position[k] - self.base[k]).powi(2)).sum();
+            let motion: f64 = (0..3)
+                .map(|k| (e.velocity[k] - self.velocity[k]).powi(2))
+                .sum();
+            if distance >= 7.629_394_531_25e-6
+                || self.tick.is_multiple_of(60)
+                || rotate
+                || motion > 1.0e-7
+            {
+                self.minecart_steps.push(play::MinecartStep {
+                    position: e.position,
+                    movement: e.velocity,
+                    yaw: rotation.1,
+                    pitch: rotation.0,
+                    weight: 1.0,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        if !self.minecart_steps.is_empty() {
+            out.push(play::Clientbound::MoveMinecartAlongTrack(
+                play::MoveMinecartAlongTrack {
+                    id: e.id,
+                    steps: std::mem::take(&mut self.minecart_steps),
+                },
+            ));
+        }
+        // Vanilla updates these even when no packet was needed; its
+        // lastSentMovement is deliberately unchanged in this branch.
+        self.rotation = rotation;
+        self.base = e.position;
+    }
+
     /// ServerEntity.sendDirtyEntityData: the changed entity data, then the
     /// attribute instances that changed since they were last sent
     /// (`AttributeMap.getAttributesToSync`).
@@ -691,6 +761,9 @@ pub struct Viewer<'a> {
     pub entity_id: i32,
     /// Its player is in spectator mode: it tracks the other spectators too.
     pub spectator: bool,
+    /// Its player's permission level: players a native mod hid from lower
+    /// levels are not tracked by it.
+    pub permission: u8,
     /// It accepted a move since the last tick (ChunkMap.move): every pair
     /// of it is checked again.
     pub moved: bool,
@@ -717,17 +790,20 @@ struct Probe {
     chunk: u32,
     spectator: bool,
     watching: bool,
+    hidden: Option<u8>,
 }
 
 /// `ServerPlayer.broadcastToPlayer` (`Entity`'s is `true`): to a spectator,
 /// a player is shown only while its camera is itself; to anyone else, a
-/// spectator is hidden.
-fn broadcast_to_player(viewer_spectator: bool, p: &Probe) -> bool {
-    if viewer_spectator {
+/// spectator is hidden. A player a native mod hid is shown only to players
+/// of at least its level.
+fn broadcast_to_player(v: &Viewer, p: &Probe) -> bool {
+    let shown = if v.spectator {
         !p.watching
     } else {
         !p.spectator
-    }
+    };
+    shown && p.hidden.is_none_or(|level| v.permission >= level)
 }
 
 /// TrackedEntity.updatePlayer: within the type's range (capped by the view
@@ -740,7 +816,7 @@ fn broadcast_to_player(viewer_spectator: bool, p: &Probe) -> bool {
 fn sees(v: &Viewer, p: &Probe, chunks: &[(i32, i32)], held: &mut [u8]) -> bool {
     let range = f64::from(p.range.min(v.view_distance * 16));
     let (dx, dz) = (v.position[0] - p.x, v.position[2] - p.z);
-    dx * dx + dz * dz <= range * range && broadcast_to_player(v.spectator, p) && {
+    dx * dx + dz * dz <= range * range && broadcast_to_player(v, p) && {
         let held = &mut held[p.chunk as usize];
         if *held == 0 {
             *held = 1 + u8::from(v.chunks.contains(&chunks[p.chunk as usize]));
@@ -840,10 +916,12 @@ impl Entities {
                 || section != s.section
                 || e.spectator != s.spectator
                 || e.watching != s.watching
+                || e.hidden != s.hidden
             {
                 s.section = section;
                 s.spectator = e.spectator;
                 s.watching = e.watching;
+                s.hidden = e.hidden;
                 self.moved.push(index);
                 self.is_moved[index] = true;
             }
@@ -870,6 +948,7 @@ impl Entities {
                 chunk,
                 spectator: e.spectator,
                 watching: e.watching,
+                hidden: e.hidden,
             });
         }
         // TrackedEntity.getEffectiveRange: a vehicle is tracked as far as its
@@ -1077,6 +1156,7 @@ mod tests {
             head_yaw: 0.0,
             on_ground: true,
             velocity: [0.0; 3],
+            minecart_steps: None,
             data: 0,
             meta: Vec::new(),
             defaults: Vec::new(),
@@ -1089,6 +1169,7 @@ mod tests {
             leash: None,
             spectator: false,
             watching: false,
+            hidden: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1531,6 +1612,7 @@ mod tests {
         positions: [[f64; 3]; 2],
         moved: [bool; 2],
         spectators: [bool; 2],
+        permissions: [u8; 2],
         /// The first client's entities gone, where they were last sent.
         gone: Vec<[f64; 3]>,
     }
@@ -1544,6 +1626,7 @@ mod tests {
                 positions: [[0.0, 64.0, 0.0]; 2],
                 moved: [false; 2],
                 spectators: [false; 2],
+                permissions: [0; 2],
                 gone: Vec::new(),
             }
         }
@@ -1557,6 +1640,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Viewer {
                     entity_id: 1,
                     spectator: self.spectators[0],
+                    permission: self.permissions[0],
                     moved: self.moved[0],
                     position: self.positions[0],
                     view_distance: 10,
@@ -1568,6 +1652,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Viewer {
                     entity_id: 2,
                     spectator: self.spectators[1],
+                    permission: self.permissions[1],
                     moved: self.moved[1],
                     position: self.positions[1],
                     view_distance: 10,
@@ -1782,6 +1867,37 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(c.trackers[0].is_tracking(2));
     }
 
+    /// A player a native mod hid is tracked only by clients whose player has
+    /// at least its level, and by everyone again once shown.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_hidden_player_is_tracked_only_from_its_level_up() {
+        let mut level = Entities::default();
+        let mut c = Clients::new();
+        c.permissions = [0, 3];
+        let mut op = state(0.0);
+        (op.id, op.uuid, op.kind) = (9, 9, "minecraft:player".into());
+        op.hidden = Some(3);
+        c.tick(&mut level, &[&op]);
+        c.tick(&mut level, &[&op]);
+        assert!(
+            !c.trackers[0].is_tracking(9),
+            "a player of level 0 doesn't see it"
+        );
+        assert!(c.trackers[1].is_tracking(9), "an operator of level 3 does");
+        // Hidden after it was seen: the client below the level loses it.
+        op.hidden = None;
+        c.tick(&mut level, &[&op]);
+        assert!(c.trackers[0].is_tracking(9));
+        op.hidden = Some(4);
+        c.tick(&mut level, &[&op]);
+        assert!(!c.trackers[0].is_tracking(9) && !c.trackers[1].is_tracking(9));
+        // A client whose player was made an operator (its pairs checked again).
+        c.permissions = [4, 3];
+        c.moved = [true, false];
+        c.tick(&mut level, &[&op]);
+        assert!(c.trackers[0].is_tracking(9) && !c.trackers[1].is_tracking(9));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn pairing_and_unpairing_are_kept_for_the_game() {
         let mut level = Entities::default();

crates/horizon-client/src/lan/guest.rs

@@ -184,6 +184,9 @@ pub struct Guest {
     /// It accepted a move since the last entity range checks
     /// (ServerChunkCache.move), which then check all of its pairs again.
     pub moved: bool,
+    /// The players a native mod hid from it (`Hub::hidden`) that its player
+    /// list no longer has.
+    pub tab_hidden: crate::fast_hash::FxHashSet<u128>,
     /// The client finished loading terrain (ServerboundPlayerLoadedPacket).
     pub loaded: bool,
     /// Since it joined or respawned, the client hasn't said it loaded the level
@@ -404,6 +407,7 @@ impl Guest {
             replay: None,
             changes: Default::default(),
             moved: false,
+            tab_hidden: Default::default(),
             loaded: false,
             loading: true,
             load_timeout: CLIENT_LOADED_TIMEOUT,

crates/horizon-client/src/lan/hub.rs

@@ -234,6 +234,10 @@ pub struct Hub {
     /// The entities players started and stopped tracking, collected by
     /// `collect_tracking`, for the game to tell the mods.
     pub native_tracking: Vec<TrackingBatch>,
+    /// Players a native mod hid (`native_hide_player`), by UUID, on or off:
+    /// only players of at least that permission level see them, in the
+    /// player list, the world and their joining and leaving.
+    pub hidden: crate::fast_hash::FxHashMap<u128, u8>,
     pub lan: Lan,
     pub config: HubConfig,
     pub encoder: ChunkEncoder,
@@ -576,6 +580,7 @@ impl Hub {
             mod_commands: (serde_json::Value::Null, None),
             native_menu_events: Vec::new(),
             native_tracking: Vec::new(),
+            hidden: Default::default(),
             teams: Vec::new(),
             nicknames: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
         }
@@ -846,6 +851,72 @@ impl Hub {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Whether a player of `permission` sees the player `uuid`: not one a
+    /// native mod hid from players below a higher level.
+    pub fn sees(&self, permission: u8, uuid: u128) -> bool {
+        self.hidden
+            .get(&uuid)
+            .is_none_or(|&level| permission >= level)
+    }
+
+    /// The player lists after `hidden` or a permission changed: each placed
+    /// player loses the players hidden from it (ClientboundPlayerInfoRemove)
+    /// and gets back those it sees again (an ADD_PLAYER entry). A change
+    /// checks the client's entity pairs again, so the tracker follows too.
+    /// Nothing runs while nobody is hidden.
+    fn sync_hidden(&mut self) {
+        if self.hidden.is_empty() && self.guests.iter().all(|g| g.tab_hidden.is_empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let candidates: Vec<usize> = (0..self.guests.len())
+            .filter(|&j| {
+                let u = self.guests[j].uuid;
+                self.guests[j].placed
+                    && (self.hidden.contains_key(&u)
+                        || self.guests.iter().any(|g| g.tab_hidden.contains(&u)))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        for i in 0..self.guests.len() {
+            if !self.guests[i].placed {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for &j in &candidates {
+                let (viewer, other) = (&self.guests[i], &self.guests[j]);
+                if i == j {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let hide = !self.sees(viewer.permission, other.uuid);
+                if hide == viewer.tab_hidden.contains(&other.uuid) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let packet = if hide {
+                    C::PlayerInfoRemove(play::PlayerInfoRemove {
+                        uuids: vec![other.uuid],
+                    })
+                } else {
+                    C::PlayerInfoUpdate(play::PlayerInfoUpdate {
+                        actions: Self::INFO_ACTIONS,
+                        entries: vec![self.player_info(
+                            other.uuid,
+                            &other.name,
+                            other.game_mode,
+                            other.latency.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+                        )],
+                    })
+                };
+                let uuid = other.uuid;
+                let viewer = &mut self.guests[i];
+                viewer.send(&packet);
+                if hide {
+                    viewer.tab_hidden.insert(uuid);
+                } else {
+                    viewer.tab_hidden.remove(&uuid);
+                }
+                viewer.moved = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn player_info(&self, uuid: u128, name: &str, mode: i32, latency: i32) -> play::PlayerInfo {
         let guest = self.guests.iter().find(|g| g.uuid == uuid);
         play::PlayerInfo {
@@ -985,17 +1056,21 @@ impl Hub {
         self.send_permission_level(i);
         self.send_initial_recipe_book(i);
         // PlayerList.placeNewPlayer broadcasts the join line before
-        // players.add: the others read it, the newcomer doesn't.
-        self.broadcast_except(
-            conn,
-            &C::SystemChat(play::SystemChat {
-                content: yellow_names(
-                    "multiplayer.player.joined",
-                    vec![display_name(self.guests[i].uuid, &name)],
-                ),
-                overlay: false,
-            }),
-        );
+        // players.add: the others read it, the newcomer doesn't (nor those
+        // a native mod hides it from).
+        let joined = C::SystemChat(play::SystemChat {
+            content: yellow_names(
+                "multiplayer.player.joined",
+                vec![display_name(self.guests[i].uuid, &name)],
+            ),
+            overlay: false,
+        })
+        .encode();
+        for g in self.guests.iter().filter(|g| g.placed && g.conn != conn) {
+            if self.sees(g.permission, uuid) {
+                g.sender.send(joined.clone());
+            }
+        }
         self.guests[i].placed = true;
         self.resend_teleport(i, None);
         let g = &self.guests[i];
@@ -1008,7 +1083,15 @@ impl Hub {
         if let Some(host) = ctx.host {
             entries.push(self.player_info(host.uuid, &host.name, host.game_mode, 0));
         }
+        // Players a native mod hid from the newcomer stay out of its list,
+        // and a hidden newcomer out of theirs.
+        let permission = self.guests[i].permission;
+        let mut hidden = Vec::new();
         for o in self.guests.iter().filter(|o| o.conn != conn && o.placed) {
+            if !self.sees(permission, o.uuid) {
+                hidden.push(o.uuid);
+                continue;
+            }
             entries.push(self.player_info(
                 o.uuid,
                 &o.name,
@@ -1016,15 +1099,24 @@ impl Hub {
                 o.latency.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
             ));
         }
+        self.guests[i].tab_hidden.extend(hidden);
         self.guests[i].send(&C::PlayerInfoUpdate(play::PlayerInfoUpdate {
             actions: Self::INFO_ACTIONS,
             entries,
         }));
-        let newcomer = play::PlayerInfoUpdate {
+        let newcomer = C::PlayerInfoUpdate(play::PlayerInfoUpdate {
             actions: Self::INFO_ACTIONS,
             entries: vec![self.player_info(uuid, &name, mode, 0)],
-        };
-        self.broadcast(&C::PlayerInfoUpdate(newcomer));
+        })
+        .encode();
+        let level = self.hidden.get(&uuid).copied();
+        for g in self.guests.iter_mut().filter(|g| g.placed) {
+            if level.is_some_and(|l| g.permission < l) {
+                g.tab_hidden.insert(uuid);
+            } else {
+                g.sender.send(newcomer.clone());
+            }
+        }
         self.send_level_info(i, ctx, true);
         // ServerLevel.addNewPlayer: the chunk tracking starts at the player.
         let g = &mut self.guests[i];
@@ -1251,11 +1343,12 @@ impl Hub {
         match &self.sync.commands {
             Some(tree) => {
                 let dedicated = self.config.dedicated && !self.config.integrated;
-                tree.packet_with(
+                tree.packet_with_features(
                     permission,
                     dedicated,
                     &self.sync.builtin,
                     &self.mod_commands.0,
+                    &self.sync.features,
                 )
             }
             None => play::Commands {
@@ -1600,6 +1693,7 @@ impl Hub {
             }
         }
         self.sync_containers(ctx.world);
+        self.sync_hidden();
         self.track_entities(ctx);
         for i in 0..self.guests.len() {
             if self.here(&self.guests[i]) {
@@ -1674,10 +1768,20 @@ impl Hub {
         self.broadcast(&C::RemoveEntities(play::RemoveEntities {
             ids: vec![g.entity_id],
         }));
-        self.system_message(yellow_names(
-            "multiplayer.player.left",
-            vec![display_name(g.uuid, &g.name)],
-        ));
+        let left = C::SystemChat(play::SystemChat {
+            content: yellow_names(
+                "multiplayer.player.left",
+                vec![display_name(g.uuid, &g.name)],
+            ),
+            overlay: false,
+        })
+        .encode();
+        for o in self.guests.iter_mut().filter(|o| o.placed) {
+            if o.tab_hidden.remove(&g.uuid) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            o.sender.send(left.clone());
+        }
         g
     }
 
@@ -2326,9 +2430,11 @@ impl Hub {
             vertical_collision: false,
             horizontal_collision: false,
             needs_sync: false,
+            minecart_steps: None,
             leash: None,
             spectator: false,
             watching: false,
+            hidden: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -2424,6 +2530,7 @@ impl Hub {
                 );
                 state.spectator = g.spectator();
                 state.watching = g.watching;
+                state.hidden = self.hidden.get(&g.uuid).copied();
                 stuck_meta(&mut state, g.stuck);
                 shoulder_meta(&mut state, g.shoulders);
                 state
@@ -2452,6 +2559,7 @@ impl Hub {
             .map(|(g, (out, gone))| Viewer {
                 entity_id: g.entity_id,
                 spectator: g.spectator(),
+                permission: g.permission,
                 moved: std::mem::take(&mut g.moved),
                 position: g.position,
                 view_distance: g.view_distance,

crates/horizon-client/src/mobs.rs

@@ -1212,6 +1212,11 @@ pub struct Mob {
     /// The packs' random texture variants it wears (`random_textures::choose`).
     pub random_textures: random_textures::Choice,
 }
+impl crate::entity_rules::EntityRules for Mob {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+}
 /// A mannequin's `description` and `hide_description` (`Mannequin.updateDescription`):
 /// the default `entity.minecraft.mannequin.label`, none at all, or a component.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]

crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/ai.rs

@@ -2752,8 +2752,12 @@ pub fn intern_sound(s: &std::sync::Arc<str>) -> &'static str {
     set.insert(leaked);
     leaked
 }
-/// `getSwimSound`.
-pub fn swim_sound(m: &Mob) -> &'static str {
+/// `getSwimSound`. A skeleton horse's own override counts the steps it takes
+/// through the water, so it needs the mob, not just its species.
+pub fn swim_sound(m: &mut Mob) -> &'static str {
+    if m.species() == Species::SkeletonHorse {
+        return super::equine::skeleton_horse_swim_sound(m);
+    }
     match m.species() {
         Species::Drowned => "entity.drowned.swim",
         Species::Axolotl => "entity.axolotl.swim",

crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/equine.rs

@@ -478,6 +478,46 @@ pub fn hoof_steps(s: Species) -> bool {
             | Species::ZombieHorse
     )
 }
+/// `Entity.isVehicle`: someone on its back, the player steering it
+/// (`rider`) or a mob that boarded it (`extra.rider`).
+pub fn is_vehicle(m: &Mob) -> bool {
+    m.rider.is_some() || m.extra.rider.is_some()
+}
+/// `SkeletonHorse.getSwimSound`: an undead horse splashes its own way. In the
+/// water it swims; on the ground a horse with nobody on it splashes, and a
+/// ridden one counts on the same `gallopSoundCounter` its hoof steps use, so
+/// it splashes for the first five steps, then gallops through the water every
+/// third and swims in between.
+pub fn skeleton_horse_swim_sound(m: &mut Mob) -> &'static str {
+    if !m.on_ground {
+        return "entity.skeleton_horse.swim";
+    }
+    if !is_vehicle(m) {
+        return "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water";
+    }
+    m.ai.steps.gallop += 1;
+    let count = m.ai.steps.gallop;
+    if count > 5 && count % 3 == 0 {
+        "entity.skeleton_horse.gallop_water"
+    } else if count <= 5 {
+        "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water"
+    } else {
+        "entity.skeleton_horse.swim"
+    }
+}
+/// `SkeletonHorse.playSwimSound`: a skeleton horse standing on the ground
+/// splashes at 0.3, and one in the water at `min(0.1, f * 25.0)` - which
+/// saturates at 0.1 for any speed a swim sound plays at.
+pub fn swim_volume(m: &Mob, f: f32) -> f32 {
+    if m.species() != Species::SkeletonHorse {
+        return f;
+    }
+    if m.on_ground {
+        0.3
+    } else {
+        (f * 25.0).min(0.1)
+    }
+}
 /// `AbstractHorse.playStepSound` (and `Horse.playGallopSound`) on the block
 /// `pos`: silent on liquids; a ridden horse walks on wood for five steps,
 /// then gallops every third; unridden, wood or the plain step by age.
@@ -1012,4 +1052,58 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(rears(Species::Llama, "minecraft:llama", 60), 0);
         assert_eq!(rears(Species::Camel, "minecraft:camel", 60), 0);
     }
+
+    /// `SkeletonHorse.getSwimSound`: an undead horse has its own water sounds,
+    /// and one with someone on it counts its water steps on the same
+    /// `gallopSoundCounter` its hoof steps use - five splashes, then a gallop
+    /// through the water every third step and a swim sound in between.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_skeleton_horse_splashes_and_swims_with_its_own_sounds() {
+        let sound = |m: &mut Mob| crate::mobs::ai::swim_sound(m);
+        let mut m = equine(1, Species::SkeletonHorse, "minecraft:skeleton_horse");
+        // In the water it swims; every other animal's default is the generic
+        // splash (Entity.getSwimSound).
+        m.on_ground = false;
+        assert_eq!(sound(&mut m), "entity.skeleton_horse.swim");
+        // Standing on the ground with nobody on it, it splashes.
+        m.on_ground = true;
+        assert_eq!(sound(&mut m), "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water");
+        m.extra.rider = Some(9);
+        let ridden: Vec<&str> = (0..9).map(|_| sound(&mut m)).collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            ridden,
+            [
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.step_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.gallop_water",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.swim",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.swim",
+                "entity.skeleton_horse.gallop_water",
+            ]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(m.ai.steps.gallop, 9);
+        // A plain horse keeps the generic splash.
+        let mut horse = equine(2, Species::Horse, "minecraft:horse");
+        assert_eq!(sound(&mut horse), "entity.generic.swim");
+    }
+
+    /// `SkeletonHorse.playSwimSound`: 0.3 on the ground, and no more than 0.1
+    /// in the water, where every other animal keeps the volume
+    /// `waterSwimSound` works out from its speed.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_skeleton_horses_splash_is_quiet_in_the_water() {
+        let mut m = equine(1, Species::SkeletonHorse, "minecraft:skeleton_horse");
+        m.on_ground = true;
+        assert_eq!(swim_volume(&m, 0.35), 0.3);
+        m.on_ground = false;
+        assert_eq!(swim_volume(&m, 0.35), 0.1);
+        assert_eq!(swim_volume(&m, 1.0), 0.1);
+        assert!((swim_volume(&m, 0.001) - 0.025).abs() < 1.0e-6);
+        let mut horse = equine(2, Species::Horse, "minecraft:horse");
+        horse.on_ground = false;
+        assert_eq!(swim_volume(&horse, 0.35), 0.35);
+    }
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/mobs/living.rs

@@ -789,25 +789,23 @@ impl Mob {
                 self.ai.steps.next_step = self.next_step();
             } else if self.fluids.in_water {
                 self.ai.steps.next_step = self.next_step();
-                // Entity.waterSwimSound
+                // Entity.waterSwimSound, and SkeletonHorse.playSwimSound's
+                // mapping of the volume it works out.
                 let v = self.velocity;
-                let volume = 1.0_f32.min(
+                let speed =
                     (v.x * v.x * f64::from(0.2_f32) + v.y * v.y + v.z * v.z * f64::from(0.2_f32))
-                        .sqrt() as f32
-                        * 0.35,
-                );
+                        .sqrt() as f32;
+                let volume = super::equine::swim_volume(self, 1.0_f32.min(speed * 0.35));
                 if !super::ai::movement_sounds(self) {
                     return;
                 }
                 let pitch = 1.0 + (self.random.next_float() - self.random.next_float()) * 0.4;
+                // Entity.playSwimSound asks getSwimSound for its sound even
+                // when the mob is silent, and a skeleton horse counts there.
+                let sound = super::ai::swim_sound(self);
                 if !self.silent {
                     let at = [self.position.x, self.position.y, self.position.z];
-                    events.push(MobEvent::Sound(
-                        super::ai::swim_sound(self),
-                        at,
-                        volume,
-                        pitch,
-                    ));
+                    events.push(MobEvent::Sound(sound, at, volume, pitch));
                 }
             }
         } else if w.facts.is_air(state)

crates/horizon-client/src/mod_api.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub use crate::hud_layout::{GuiDraw, HealthInputs};
 pub use crate::items::ItemStack;
 pub use crate::merchant::MerchantOffer;
 pub use crate::music::{Music, MusicLayer};
+pub use crate::particles::{ParticleOptions, ParticleType};
 pub use crate::text::Text;
 pub use horizon_assets::item_model::DisplayContext;
 pub use horizon_core::{
@@ -454,6 +455,25 @@ pub trait LevelTicksHost: LevelHost {
 pub trait LevelWriteHost: LevelTicksHost + LevelRandomHost {
     /// Change a block property through `native_set_block_property`.
     fn set_block_property(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3], key: &str, value: &str, flags: i32) -> bool;
+    /// Play a sound for nearby players through `native_play_sound`.
+    fn play_sound(
+        &mut self,
+        sound: &str,
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        source: usize,
+        volume: f32,
+        pitch: f32,
+    ) -> bool;
+    /// `ServerLevel.sendParticles` through `native_send_particles`.
+    fn send_particles(
+        &mut self,
+        options: &ParticleOptions,
+        state: Option<BlockStateId>,
+        at: [f64; 3],
+        spread: [f64; 3],
+        speed: f64,
+        count: i32,
+    ) -> bool;
 }
 
 macro_rules! level_attachment_host {

crates/horizon-client/src/mod_api/generated.rs

@@ -2456,20 +2456,20 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// An anvil at `pos` took damage, changing its block from `from` to `to`.
     /// `to` is air when the anvil broke. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_anvil_damaged@.
+    /// @API:anvil_damaged@.
     fn anvil_damaged(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut AnvilDamagedEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A beacon at `pos` activated or deactivated after its beam was checked.
     /// `active` says whether it now has a complete pyramid. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_beacon_state_change@.
+    /// @API:beacon_state_change@.
     fn beacon_state_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut BeaconStateChangeEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// On an authoritative server, a bell at `pos` is about to ring. Set
-    /// `cancel` to stop the ring and its raider reveal. @API:native_bell_ring@.
+    /// `cancel` to stop the ring and its raider reveal. @API:bell_ring@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn bell_ring(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BellRingEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -2478,7 +2478,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         Flow::Continue
     }
     /// A server guest's block-breaking animation changed to `progress` at
-    /// `pos` (0 through 9). @API:native_block_break_progress_update@.
+    /// `pos` (0 through 9). @API:block_break_progress_update@.
     fn block_break_progress_update(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -2488,7 +2488,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// On an authoritative server, fire is about to burn the block at `pos`
-    /// away. Set `cancel` to keep that block. @API:native_block_burn@.
+    /// away. Set `cancel` to keep that block. @API:block_burn@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_burn(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BlockBurnEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -2504,21 +2504,21 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A dispenser equipped `item` on the first eligible `target` in front
     /// of its block at `pos`. `target` is `player`, `mob` or `armor_stand`.
     /// The equip, item consumption, sound and game event have completed.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_block_dispense_armor@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:block_dispense_armor@.
     fn block_dispense_armor(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut BlockDispenseArmorEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A broken block is about to drop `experience` points at `pos`. The
     /// vanilla block drop rule has been checked; change the amount before its
-    /// orbs are awarded. Server-side. @API:native_block_exp@.
+    /// orbs are awarded. Server-side. @API:block_exp@.
     fn block_exp(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BlockExpEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = level;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A block at `pos` is about to fade from `from` to `to` because of
     /// melting or coral death. Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_fade@.
+    /// @API:block_fade@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_fade(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BlockFadeEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -2527,14 +2527,14 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         Flow::Continue
     }
     /// A dispenser at `pos` failed to dispense `item`. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_failed_dispense@.
+    /// @API:block_failed_dispense@.
     fn block_failed_dispense(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut BlockFailedDispenseEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// Precipitation is about to form or add to a block at `pos`. `from` and
     /// `to` are block state IDs. Set `cancel` to keep the old state. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_form@.
+    /// @API:block_form@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_form(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BlockFormEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -2545,7 +2545,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// On an authoritative server, fire is about to be placed at `pos` by
     /// flint and steel, a fire charge, lava, lightning or fire spread. Set
     /// `player` is the acting server player when there is one. Set `cancel` to
-    /// leave the position unchanged. @API:native_block_ignite@.
+    /// leave the position unchanged. @API:block_ignite@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_ignite(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut BlockIgniteEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A guest's block inventory lock check at `pos`. `locked` is the
     /// vanilla result and may be changed. The guest's state is not swapped in.
-    /// @API:native_block_lock_check@.
+    /// @API:block_lock_check@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `locked`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_lock_check(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut BlockLockCheckEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -2565,7 +2565,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A sculk sensor or shrieker received a vibration for `event` at `pos`.
     /// Set `cancel` to suppress its response. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_receive_game@.
+    /// @API:block_receive_game@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn block_receive_game(
@@ -2579,7 +2579,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A dispenser sheared `entity` of kind `kind` at the block in front of
     /// its own block at `pos`, after the shearing effects. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_block_shear_entity@.
+    /// @API:block_shear_entity@.
     fn block_shear_entity(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut BlockShearEntityEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -2601,7 +2601,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A server broadcast line is about to be logged and sent. Change `line`
-    /// or set `cancel` to drop it. @API:native_broadcast_message@.
+    /// or set `cancel` to drop it. @API:broadcast_message@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn broadcast_message(&self, host: &dyn Host, event: &mut BroadcastMessageEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -2616,7 +2616,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// On an authoritative server, a cauldron at `pos` is about to change
     /// fill level from `from_level` to `to_level` for `reason`. Set `cancel`
-    /// to leave it unchanged. @API:native_cauldron_level_changed@.
+    /// to leave it unchanged. @API:cauldron_level_changed@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn cauldron_level_changed(
@@ -2659,16 +2659,30 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// A player ignited a creeper with an item. @API:native_creeper_ignite@.
+    /// A player ignited a creeper with an item. @API:creeper_ignite@.
     fn creeper_ignite(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut CreeperIgniteEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// Lightning charged a creeper. @API:native_creeper_power@.
+    /// Lightning charged a creeper. @API:creeper_power@.
     fn creeper_power(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut CreeperPowerEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
+    /// NeoForge's `CriticalHitEvent`: a player's melee hit on a living
+    /// `target_kind` (`minecraft:zombie`, `minecraft:armor_stand`) that deals
+    /// damage, where `Player.attack` decides whether it is critical.
+    /// `vanilla_critical` is vanilla's answer; `critical` starts as it and may
+    /// be forced or denied (as in vanilla a critical hit prevents the sweep, so
+    /// a forced crit loses it; a denied crit loses the crit sound and
+    /// particles); `damage_multiplier` starts at 1.5 for vanilla's critical and
+    /// 1.0 otherwise, and scales the damage only while `critical` ends true. Not fired for a
+    /// target that is no living entity (a dragon part) or when the hit does
+    /// no damage. Fires on the Game that runs the attack. @API:critical_hit@.
+    fn critical_hit(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut CriticalHitEvent<'_>) {
+        let _ = host;
+        let _ = event;
+    }
     /// The server's difficulty changed, from `from` to `to` (`peaceful`,
     /// `easy`, `normal`, `hard`; NeoForge's `DifficultyChangeEvent`). It is
     /// vanilla's `MinecraftServer.setDifficulty`, which `/difficulty`, a
@@ -2681,7 +2695,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// The Ender Dragon fight is about to place its first dragon egg at `pos`.
-    /// Set `cancel` to leave the block unchanged. Server-side. @API:native_dragon_egg_form@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to leave the block unchanged. Server-side. @API:dragon_egg_form@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn dragon_egg_form(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut DragonEggFormEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -2689,7 +2703,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         Flow::Continue
     }
-    /// A server player applied an enchantment at `pos`; `item` is the finished item and `levels` the levels charged. The player's state is not swapped in. @API:native_enchant_item@.
+    /// A server player applied an enchantment at `pos`; `item` is the finished item and `levels` the levels charged. The player's state is not swapped in. @API:enchant_item@.
     fn enchant_item(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EnchantItemEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -2717,42 +2731,42 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         Flow::Continue
     }
     /// Entities from `chunk` finished loading into the server world. `count`
-    /// is the number of saved entity records read. @API:native_entities_load@.
+    /// is the number of saved entity records read. @API:entities_load@.
     fn entities_load(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntitiesLoadEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// Entities in `chunk` left the active server world and were queued for
-    /// saving. `count` is the number of entity records. @API:native_entities_unload@.
+    /// saving. `count` is the number of entity records. @API:entities_unload@.
     fn entities_unload(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntitiesUnloadEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// A mob broke the door at `pos`. @API:native_entity_break_door@.
+    /// A mob broke the door at `pos`. @API:entity_break_door@.
     fn entity_break_door(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityBreakDoorEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// Two mobs completed a breeding action. `child` is absent when vanilla
-    /// lays an egg instead of creating a baby. @API:native_entity_breed@.
+    /// lays an egg instead of creating a baby. @API:entity_breed@.
     fn entity_breed(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityBreedEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A mob changed a block at `pos`, after the new state was applied.
-    /// @API:native_entity_change_block@.
+    /// @API:entity_change_block@.
     fn entity_change_block(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityChangeBlockEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A bee entered the hive at `pos` and was stored there.
-    /// @API:native_entity_enter_block@.
+    /// @API:entity_enter_block@.
     fn entity_enter_block(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityEnterBlockEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A mob entered love mode after player interaction. `player` is the
-    /// feeder when known. @API:native_entity_enter_love_mode@.
+    /// feeder when known. @API:entity_enter_love_mode@.
     fn entity_enter_love_mode(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -2763,25 +2777,25 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A server entity finished its portal wait and is beginning to leave
     /// `dimension` through `pos`. The destination follows the portal rules.
-    /// @API:native_entity_portal@.
+    /// @API:entity_portal@.
     fn entity_portal(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityPortalEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A guest player's synchronized pose changed from `from` to `to`.
-    /// @API:native_entity_pose_change@.
+    /// @API:entity_pose_change@.
     fn entity_pose_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityPoseChangeEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A player bow or crossbow launched an arrow with `force`, after the
-    /// projectile entered the level. @API:native_entity_shoot_bow@.
+    /// projectile entered the level. @API:entity_shoot_bow@.
     fn entity_shoot_bow(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityShootBowEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A mob became tamed after its owner and persistent state were set.
-    /// @API:native_entity_tame@.
+    /// @API:entity_tame@.
     fn entity_tame(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityTameEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -2790,25 +2804,25 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// position changed. `entity` is its network id; `from` and `to` are
     /// coordinates in `dimension`. This hook reports command teleports that
     /// use Horizon's same-level target path; it does not change vanilla's
-    /// movement. @API:native_entity_teleport@.
+    /// movement. @API:entity_teleport@.
     fn entity_teleport(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityTeleportEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A guest's fall flying state changed on the server. The change has
-    /// already been applied. @API:native_entity_toggle_glide@.
+    /// already been applied. @API:entity_toggle_glide@.
     fn entity_toggle_glide(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityToggleGlideEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A mob conversion completed; both ids and entity types are reported.
-    /// @API:native_entity_transform@.
+    /// @API:entity_transform@.
     fn entity_transform(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut EntityTransformEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// An experience bottle broke and its experience was awarded.
-    /// @API:native_exp_bottle@.
+    /// @API:exp_bottle@.
     fn exp_bottle(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut ExpBottleEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -2882,14 +2896,14 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         None
     }
-    /// A firework rocket completed its explosion effects. @API:native_firework_explode@.
+    /// A firework rocket completed its explosion effects. @API:firework_explode@.
     fn firework_explode(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut FireworkExplodeEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A flowing fluid at `pos` is about to change level. `fluid` is `water`
     /// or `lava`; the levels are 0 through 8. Set `cancel` to keep the old
-    /// level. Server-side. @API:native_fluid_level_change@.
+    /// level. Server-side. @API:fluid_level_change@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn fluid_level_change(
@@ -2921,7 +2935,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player took an output from a furnace at `pos`; `item` is the
     /// output item id and `count` is how many were taken. The player's state is
     /// not swapped in, so helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find
-    /// nothing during guest packet handling. @API:native_furnace_extract@.
+    /// nothing during guest packet handling. @API:furnace_extract@.
     fn furnace_extract(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut FurnaceExtractEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -2939,12 +2953,12 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// A generic world game event was fired at `pos`. @API:native_game_event@.
+    /// A generic world game event was fired at `pos`. @API:game_event@.
     fn game_event(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event_: &mut GameEventEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event_;
     }
-    /// A hopper at `pos` is about to pick up `count` of `item`. Set `cancel` to leave the dropped stack in the world. Server-side. @API:native_hopper_pickup_item@.
+    /// A hopper at `pos` is about to pick up `count` of `item`. Set `cancel` to leave the dropped stack in the world. Server-side. @API:hopper_pickup_item@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn hopper_pickup_item(
@@ -2972,7 +2986,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A server player is about to open an inventory supplied by a block at
     /// `pos`. Set `cancel` to leave the inventory closed. The player's state
-    /// is not swapped in. @API:native_inventory_block_start@.
+    /// is not swapped in. @API:inventory_block_start@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn inventory_block_start(
@@ -3017,13 +3031,13 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         None
     }
     /// A dropped item entity was successfully added to the server level.
-    /// @API:native_item_spawn@.
+    /// @API:item_spawn@.
     fn item_spawn(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut ItemSpawnEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A non-persistent leaf block at distance 7 is about to decay at `pos`.
-    /// Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side. @API:native_leaves_decay@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to keep it. Server-side. @API:leaves_decay@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn leaves_decay(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut LeavesDecayEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -3033,7 +3047,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A server lightning bolt is about to be created. `cause` is `weather`,
     /// `trident` or `command`; `player` is the responsible player when known.
-    /// Set `cancel` to prevent the bolt and its effects. @API:native_lightning_strike@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to prevent the bolt and its effects. @API:lightning_strike@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn lightning_strike(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut LightningStrikeEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -3073,7 +3087,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// Farmland at `pos` is about to change moisture from `from` to `to`.
     /// Set `cancel` to keep its old moisture. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_moisture_change@.
+    /// @API:moisture_change@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn moisture_change(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut MoistureChangeEvent) -> Flow {
@@ -3271,6 +3285,17 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
+    /// The item `item` of the server player `player` (`name`) broke in `slot`
+    /// (`mainhand`, `offhand`, `head`, `chest`, `legs`, `feet`, `body` or
+    /// `saddle`): `LivingEntity.onEquippedItemBroken`, Bukkit's
+    /// `PlayerItemBreakEvent`. Listen only; armour has a slot, not a hand.
+    /// The player's state is swapped in. Once for each break, on a server; a
+    /// creative player and the host of a LAN world are not heard.
+    /// @API:native_player_destroy_item@.
+    fn player_destroy_item(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerDestroyItemEvent<'_>) {
+        let _ = host;
+        let _ = event;
+    }
     /// A server player's fishing rod, with `state`: 0 the cast
     /// (`FishingRodItem.use` throwing the bobber), 1 a fish biting
     /// (`FishingHook.catchingFish`), 2 the reel-in of a bite, which gives the
@@ -3294,7 +3319,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player put a plant into a flower pot, after the potted block
     /// state was stored and the item consumed. `plant` is the item id and
     /// `pos` the pot position. Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan`
-    /// may find nothing during packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_flower_pot_manipulate@.
+    /// may find nothing during packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_flower_pot_manipulate@.
     fn player_flower_pot_manipulate(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3328,7 +3353,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player inserted a book into a lectern, after the block entity
     /// and inventory changed. `book` is the item id. Helpers looking up a
     /// guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet handling.
-    /// Server-side. @API:player_insert_lectern_book@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_insert_lectern_book@.
     fn player_insert_lectern_book(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3341,7 +3366,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// changed. `action` is `put`, `rotate`, `remove_item` or `break`; `item`
     /// is empty when no item remains, and `rotation` is the resulting step.
     /// Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during
-    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_item_frame_change@.
+    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_item_frame_change@.
     fn player_item_frame_change(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3353,7 +3378,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// Mending repaired a server player's item with experience from an orb.
     /// `repair` is durability restored and `experience` is the orb's value.
     /// Helpers looking up the guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during
-    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:player_item_mend@.
+    /// packet handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_item_mend@.
     fn player_item_mend(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerItemMendEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -3361,7 +3386,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player changed the page of a lectern, after its page and
     /// redstone pulse changed. `page` is the zero-based new page. Helpers
     /// looking up a guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet
-    /// handling. Server-side. @API:player_lectern_page_change@.
+    /// handling. Server-side. @API:native_player_lectern_page_change@.
     fn player_lectern_page_change(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3423,7 +3448,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player took the book from a lectern, after the menu and block
     /// entity changed. `book` is the removed item id. Helpers looking up a
     /// guest through `self.lan` may find nothing during packet handling.
-    /// Server-side. @API:player_take_lectern_book@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_take_lectern_book@.
     fn player_take_lectern_book(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3544,7 +3569,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// On an authoritative server, a note block at `pos` is about to sound.
     /// `player` is the acting server player when there is one. Set `cancel` to silence it.
-    /// @API:native_note_play@.
+    /// @API:note_play@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn note_play(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut NotePlayEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -3614,7 +3639,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player changed their client option for the dominant hand. `left` is true for
     /// left-handed. Their state is not swapped in, and helpers looking them up through `self.lan`
     /// may find nothing during guest packet handling. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_change_main_hand@.
+    /// @API:player_change_main_hand@.
     fn player_change_main_hand(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3660,7 +3685,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// after mending has taken its share. Change `amount` to change the points
     /// added. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look them up
     /// through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_exp_change@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:player_exp_change@.
     fn player_exp_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerExpChangeEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -3668,7 +3693,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player's XP orb pickup cooldown changed to `ticks`. It is
     /// reported after the value changes; the player's state may not be found
     /// through `self.lan` while a guest packet is handled. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_exp_cooldown_change@.
+    /// @API:player_exp_cooldown_change@.
     fn player_exp_cooldown_change(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3681,7 +3706,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// item id and `ticks` its duration. The player's state is not swapped in,
     /// so helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a
     /// guest packet is handled. Set `cancel` to skip starting the cooldown.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_player_item_cooldown@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:player_item_cooldown@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_item_cooldown(
@@ -3696,7 +3721,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player selected a new hotbar slot. The player's state is not
     /// swapped in, and helpers that look them up through `self.lan` may find
     /// nothing while a guest packet is being handled. Set `cancel` to keep
-    /// the old slot; the client is sent that slot again. @API:native_player_item_held@.
+    /// the old slot; the client is sent that slot again. @API:player_item_held@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_item_held(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerItemHeldEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -3706,7 +3731,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     }
     /// A server player changed their client language option to `locale`.
     /// The player's state may not be found through `self.lan` during a guest
-    /// packet. Server-side. @API:native_player_locale_change@.
+    /// packet. Server-side. @API:player_locale_change@.
     fn player_locale_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerLocaleChangeEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -3750,7 +3775,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// the hotbar. `pos` is zero for an entity; `entity_id` is zero for a
     /// block. The player's state is swapped in, though helpers that look them
     /// up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
-    /// Set `cancel` to leave the inventory and client unchanged. @API:native_player_pick_item@.
+    /// Set `cancel` to leave the inventory and client unchanged. @API:player_pick_item@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_pick_item(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerPickItemEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -3771,7 +3796,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look them up
     /// through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is handled.
     /// Set `cancel` to keep them in their current place. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_portal@.
+    /// @API:player_portal@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_portal(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PlayerPortalEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -3782,7 +3807,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player's recipe book requested a known recipe be placed in
     /// their crafting grid. `recipe` is the recipe id; `all` is the shift
     /// click form. The player's state may not be available through `self.lan`
-    /// while a guest packet is handled. Server-side. @API:native_player_recipe_book_click@.
+    /// while a guest packet is handled. Server-side. @API:player_recipe_book_click@.
     fn player_recipe_book_click(
         &self,
         host: &mut dyn Host,
@@ -3794,7 +3819,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A recipe is about to be unlocked for a server player. Set `cancel` to
     /// keep it locked. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that
     /// look them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet
-    /// is handled. Server-side. @API:native_player_recipe_discovered@.
+    /// is handled. Server-side. @API:player_recipe_discovered@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_recipe_discovered(
@@ -3842,7 +3867,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// position. The player's state is not swapped in, so helpers that look
     /// them up through `self.lan` may find nothing while a guest packet is
     /// handled. Set `cancel` to keep the old point. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_player_spawn_point_set@.
+    /// @API:player_spawn_point_set@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_spawn_point_set(
@@ -3891,7 +3916,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A server player is about to travel through an End gateway at `gateway`.
     /// Set `cancel` to leave them at the entrance; the gateway is not consumed
     /// and its cooldown does not start. Helpers may find no guest through
-    /// `self.lan` during its packet. Server-side. @API:native_player_teleport_end_gateway@.
+    /// `self.lan` during its packet. Server-side. @API:player_teleport_end_gateway@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn player_teleport_end_gateway(
@@ -3938,18 +3963,18 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
     /// A Nether portal was built for a dimension travel, or an End platform
     /// was made for an arrival. `pos` is the lower corner of the Nether
     /// portal rectangle or the End platform origin. The completed blocks are
-    /// already in the world. @API:native_portal_create@.
+    /// already in the world. @API:portal_create@.
     fn portal_create(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PortalCreateEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A thrown splash or lingering potion applied its hit effects.
-    /// @API:native_potion_splash@.
+    /// @API:potion_splash@.
     fn potion_splash(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PotionSplashEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// An anvil result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change `result` or its level `cost` before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_anvil@.
+    /// An anvil result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change `result` or its level `cost` before it is sent. @API:prepare_anvil@.
     ///
     /// Return `Some` to set `result`; the first mod returning `Some` wins.
     fn prepare_anvil(
@@ -3961,7 +3986,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         None
     }
-    /// A grindstone result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_grindstone@.
+    /// A grindstone result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:prepare_grindstone@.
     ///
     /// Return `Some` to set `result`; the first mod returning `Some` wins.
     fn prepare_grindstone(
@@ -3973,7 +3998,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         None
     }
-    /// A crafting-grid result was prepared for a server player; `pos` is the crafting table, or None for the inventory grid. Change `result` before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_item_craft@.
+    /// A crafting-grid result was prepared for a server player; `pos` is the crafting table, or None for the inventory grid. Change `result` before it is sent. @API:prepare_item_craft@.
     ///
     /// Return `Some` to set `result`; the first mod returning `Some` wins.
     fn prepare_item_craft(
@@ -3985,12 +4010,12 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         None
     }
-    /// Enchanting offers were calculated for a server player at `pos`. Change `costs` before they are sent to the menu. @API:native_prepare_item_enchant@.
+    /// Enchanting offers were calculated for a server player at `pos`. Change `costs` before they are sent to the menu. @API:prepare_item_enchant@.
     fn prepare_item_enchant(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut PrepareItemEnchantEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
-    /// A smithing result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:native_prepare_smithing@.
+    /// A smithing result was prepared for a server player at `pos`. Change it before it is sent. @API:prepare_smithing@.
     ///
     /// Return `Some` to set `result`; the first mod returning `Some` wins.
     fn prepare_smithing(
@@ -4003,26 +4028,26 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         None
     }
     /// A server projectile was added to the level. `player` is set only for
-    /// a player launch; other sources have an empty `name`. @API:native_projectile_launch@.
+    /// a player launch; other sources have an empty `name`. @API:projectile_launch@.
     fn projectile_launch(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut ProjectileLaunchEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A raid wave has been spawned at `pos`; `wave` is its one-based wave
-    /// number and `raiders` counts the raiders, not the mobs they ride. @API:native_raid_spawn_wave@.
+    /// number and `raiders` counts the raiders, not the mobs they ride. @API:raid_spawn_wave@.
     fn raid_spawn_wave(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut RaidSpawnWaveEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A raid at `pos` changed to `state` (`triggered`, `victory`, `loss` or
-    /// `stopped`). @API:native_raid_state_change@.
+    /// `stopped`). @API:raid_state_change@.
     fn raid_state_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut RaidStateChangeEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A sculk catalyst at `pos` has begun blooming after taking experience.
     /// The catalyst block state has changed. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_sculk_bloom@.
+    /// @API:sculk_bloom@.
     fn sculk_bloom(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut SculkBloomEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -4046,13 +4071,13 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A sponge at `pos` absorbed water and became wet. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_sponge_absorb@.
+    /// @API:sponge_absorb@.
     fn sponge_absorb(&self, level: &dyn LevelHost, event: &mut SpongeAbsorbEvent) {
         let _ = level;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A guest asked to complete `command`; `suggestions` may be added to or
-    /// filtered. `range` is the replaced byte range. @API:native_tab_complete@.
+    /// filtered. `range` is the replaced byte range. @API:tab_complete@.
     ///
     /// Every mod gets `event.suggestions` in order and may add, change or remove suggestions.
     fn tab_complete(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut TabCompleteEvent<'_>) {
@@ -4060,14 +4085,14 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A projectile hit the target block at `pos`, which now has `strength`
-    /// output power. Server-side. @API:native_target_hit@.
+    /// output power. Server-side. @API:target_hit@.
     fn target_hit(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut TargetHitEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// The server changed its thunder state through `/weather`. Set `cancel`
     /// to keep the previous thunder state and timer. Server-side.
-    /// @API:native_thunder_change@.
+    /// @API:thunder_change@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn thunder_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut ThunderChangeEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -4076,7 +4101,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         Flow::Continue
     }
     /// The overworld clock is about to jump, from sleep or `/time`. Set
-    /// `cancel` to keep `from`. @API:native_time_skip@.
+    /// `cancel` to keep `from`. @API:time_skip@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn time_skip(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut TimeSkipEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -4084,7 +4109,7 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         Flow::Continue
     }
-    /// A server player selected trade `index` from `villager` in the trading menu. @API:native_trade_select@.
+    /// A server player selected trade `index` from `villager` in the trading menu. @API:trade_select@.
     fn trade_select(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut TradeSelectEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -4104,14 +4129,14 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// A vault at `pos` changed to `state`. Its block state is updated.
-    /// Server-side. @API:native_vault_change_state@.
+    /// Server-side. @API:vault_change_state@.
     fn vault_change_state(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut VaultChangeStateEvent<'_>) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// The server changed its weather parameters. `raining` and `thundering`
     /// are the requested final states. Set `cancel` to keep the previous
-    /// weather parameters. Server-side. @API:native_weather_change@.
+    /// weather parameters. Server-side. @API:weather_change@.
     ///
     /// Return `Flow::Cancel` to take it: this sets `cancel`, and later mods are skipped.
     fn weather_change(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut WeatherChangeEvent<'_>) -> Flow {
@@ -4119,13 +4144,13 @@ pub trait Hooks: Send + Sync {
         let _ = event;
         Flow::Continue
     }
-    /// The dedicated server's whitelist changed to `enabled`. @API:native_whitelist_state_update@.
+    /// The dedicated server's whitelist changed to `enabled`. @API:whitelist_state_update@.
     fn whitelist_state_update(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut WhitelistStateUpdateEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
     }
     /// The server completed a world save cycle. `wait` says chunk writes were
-    /// flushed before returning. @API:native_world_saved@.
+    /// flushed before returning. @API:world_saved@.
     fn world_saved(&self, host: &mut dyn Host, event: &mut WorldSavedEvent) {
         let _ = host;
         let _ = event;
@@ -9091,6 +9116,34 @@ pub fn dispatch_creeper_power(
         mod_hook.creeper_power(host, &mut event);
     }
 }
+/// What [`Hooks::critical_hit`] is told. Fields may be added: the struct is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct CriticalHitEvent<'a> {
+    pub target_kind: &'a str,
+    pub vanilla_critical: bool,
+    pub critical: bool,
+    pub damage_multiplier: f32,
+}
+pub fn dispatch_critical_hit(
+    host: &mut dyn Host,
+    mods: &[Box<dyn Hooks>],
+    target_kind: &str,
+    vanilla_critical: bool,
+    critical: &mut bool,
+    damage_multiplier: &mut f32,
+) {
+    let mut event = CriticalHitEvent {
+        target_kind,
+        vanilla_critical,
+        critical: *critical,
+        damage_multiplier: *damage_multiplier,
+    };
+    for mod_hook in mods {
+        mod_hook.critical_hit(host, &mut event);
+    }
+    *critical = event.critical;
+    *damage_multiplier = event.damage_multiplier;
+}
 /// What [`Hooks::difficulty_changed`] is told. Fields may be added: the struct is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct DifficultyChangedEvent<'a> {
@@ -10432,6 +10485,32 @@ pub fn dispatch_player_commands_sent(
         mod_hook.player_commands_sent(host, &mut event);
     }
 }
+/// What [`Hooks::player_destroy_item`] is told. Fields may be added: the struct is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct PlayerDestroyItemEvent<'a> {
+    pub player: u128,
+    pub name: &'a str,
+    pub item: &'a str,
+    pub slot: &'a str,
+}
+pub fn dispatch_player_destroy_item(
+    host: &mut dyn Host,
+    mods: &[Box<dyn Hooks>],
+    player: u128,
+    name: &str,
+    item: &str,
+    slot: &str,
+) {
+    let mut event = PlayerDestroyItemEvent {
+        player,
+        name,
+        item,
+        slot,
+    };
+    for mod_hook in mods {
+        mod_hook.player_destroy_item(host, &mut event);
+    }
+}
 /// What [`Hooks::player_fish`] is told. Fields may be added: the struct is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct PlayerFishEvent<'a> {

crates/horizon-client/src/mod_api/generated_host.rs

@@ -487,6 +487,45 @@ pub trait Host {
     /// (`native-data/<id>/` in the build's version folder); None when the game's own path is
     /// unknown. API 41.
     fn built_data(&self, mod_id: &str) -> Option<PathBuf>;
+    /// Whether the player left mod `mod_id` on in Options > Mods. A mod
+    /// turned off does nothing (check this first in each hook) until the
+    /// launcher's next build leaves it out.
+    fn on(&self, mod_id: &str) -> bool;
+    /// The key the player chose for a mod's key `name`, else `default`
+    /// (`key.keyboard.z`), as the WebAssembly mods' keys were kept
+    /// (`key.<mod id>.<name>` in `horizon-mods.txt`).
+    fn mod_key(&self, mod_id: &str, name: &str, default: &str) -> String;
+    /// A mod's setting `key` (one file per key in `native_data_dir`).
+    fn setting(&self, mod_id: &str, key: &str) -> Option<String>;
+    /// Keeps a mod's setting `key`.
+    fn set_setting(&self, mod_id: &str, key: &str, value: &str);
+    /// Sets property `key` of the block at `pos` to `value`, as a furnace's
+    /// tick sets its `lit` (`Level.setBlock` with `UPDATE_ALL`: neighbours
+    /// and clients are told); true when the block changed, false when the
+    /// block has no such property or value, or the property already has
+    /// `value` (as `Level.setBlock` for an unchanged state). The block
+    /// entity stays. API 18.
+    fn set_block_property(&mut self, pos: [i32; 3], key: &str, value: &str) -> bool;
+    /// `native_set_block_property` with `Level.setBlock`'s `flags`, as a
+    /// brewing stand's tick sets its bottles with `flags::UPDATE_CLIENTS`.
+    /// Players get the write whatever the flags (`flags`); false when this
+    /// window isn't a server, and in each case `native_set_block_property`
+    /// returns false. API 33.
+    fn set_block_property_with(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: [i32; 3],
+        key: &str,
+        value: &str,
+        flags: i32,
+    ) -> bool;
+    /// The game's `config/` folder beside `options.txt`, shared by every mod
+    /// as on Fabric and NeoForge: a mod names its own files in it
+    /// (`config/<id>.json`, or a folder of its own). The same folder on the
+    /// window, its server thread and a LAN host; a dedicated server's is in
+    /// its own folder, beside `server.properties`. Made when missing. No
+    /// `self`, so a mixin helper calls `Game::native_config_dir()` and a trait
+    /// mod `Host::config_dir`. API 26.
+    fn config_dir(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, String>;
     /// Shows the panel beside container screens with these items (at most
     /// 8192), as the game's own slots in pages, with a search box; the
     /// player's clicks, searches and keys over items come back as
@@ -664,7 +703,20 @@ pub trait Host {
         item: Option<&str>,
         max: u32,
     ) -> u32;
+    /// Hides that player (a vanish) from the players below permission
+    /// `level`, or shows them again (None): from the next tick those players
+    /// lose them from the Tab list and the world (their client stops
+    /// tracking the player, as it does a spectator), and don't read their
+    /// joining or leaving; players of `level` or more still see them, and
+    /// a player made an operator meanwhile sees them again. By UUID: kept
+    /// for a player who is off (who joins hidden), until a mod sets it again
+    /// or the server stops. Works anywhere on a server, inside a player's
+    /// hook too; false on a client and in a world nobody else can join.
+    /// API @API:hide_player@.
+    fn hide_player(&mut self, uuid: u128, level: Option<u8>) -> bool;
     /// Draw a stack and its slot decorations, except the count, at `at`,
-    /// `size` GUI pixels square. False for an unknown item. API @API:item_stack@.
+    /// `size` GUI pixels square. False when nothing was drawn: an unknown item
+    /// or an empty stack (air, or a count of 0, as `ItemStack.isEmpty`).
+    /// API @API:item_stack@.
     fn item_stack(&self, batch: &mut HudBatch, stack: &ItemStack, at: [f32; 2], size: f32) -> bool;
 }

crates/horizon-client/src/net.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ pub enum Event {
     ModNet,
     /// The server samples far terrain for this client (`lod_net`).
     FarTerrain(crate::lod_net::Offer),
+    /// ClientConfigurationPacketListenerImpl.handleEnabledFeatures.
+    Features(Vec<String>),
     /// Configuration finished: the play state begins with these registries.
     Joined {
         registries: Arc<Dynamic>,
@@ -898,6 +900,9 @@ fn configure(
                     packs: vec![],
                 }))?
             }
+            cfg::Clientbound::UpdateEnabledFeatures(p) => {
+                let _ = send.send(Event::Features(p.features));
+            }
             cfg::Clientbound::RegistryData(r) => registries.add(r),
             cfg::Clientbound::UpdateTags(t) => registries.add_tags(&t),
             cfg::Clientbound::CodeOfConduct(c) => {

crates/horizon-client/src/projectiles.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 //! snowballs, eggs, ender pearls, gravity 0.03) and fireballs
 //! (`AbstractHurtingProjectile`: no gravity, 0.1 acceleration, 0.95 inertia).
 //! The game applies the effects of a hit.
+use crate::entity_rules::EntityRules;
 use crate::mobs::Who;
 use horizon_core::{
     geometry::{Aabb, Vec3},
@@ -273,6 +274,23 @@ fn axis_of(d: u8) -> u8 {
         _ => 0,
     }
 }
+impl crate::entity_rules::EntityRules for Projectile {
+    fn is_no_gravity(&self) -> bool {
+        self.no_gravity
+    }
+    /// Each projectile class's `getDefaultGravity`.
+    fn get_default_gravity(&self) -> f64 {
+        match self.kind {
+            ProjectileKind::Arrow { .. } | ProjectileKind::Trident => 0.05,
+            ProjectileKind::SmallFireball
+            | ProjectileKind::LargeFireball { .. }
+            | ProjectileKind::WitherSkull { .. } => 0.0,
+            ProjectileKind::LlamaSpit => 0.06,
+            ProjectileKind::Potion { .. } => 0.05,
+            _ => 0.03,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl Projectile {
     /// `Entity.getBoundingBox`: its type's square box standing on its position.
     pub fn bounds(&self) -> Aabb {
@@ -443,21 +461,6 @@ impl Projectile {
                 | ProjectileKind::WitherSkull { .. }
         )
     }
-    /// `Entity.getGravity`: none with `NoGravity`, else the kind's default.
-    fn gravity(&self) -> f64 {
-        if self.no_gravity {
-            return 0.0;
-        }
-        match self.kind {
-            ProjectileKind::Arrow { .. } | ProjectileKind::Trident => 0.05,
-            ProjectileKind::SmallFireball
-            | ProjectileKind::LargeFireball { .. }
-            | ProjectileKind::WitherSkull { .. } => 0.0,
-            ProjectileKind::LlamaSpit => 0.06,
-            ProjectileKind::Potion(_) => 0.05,
-            _ => 0.03,
-        }
-    }
     /// Projectile.shoot: normalized direction plus triangular noise, times speed.
     pub fn shoot(
         &mut self,
@@ -858,7 +861,7 @@ impl Projectile {
                 // ThrowableProjectile: gravity, then inertia. Its drag is a
                 // float in vanilla (0.8F in water, `getAirDrag` 0.99F), so
                 // widens to the double that scales the motion.
-                self.velocity.y -= self.gravity();
+                self.velocity.y -= self.get_gravity();
                 let inertia = f64::from(if water { 0.8_f32 } else { 0.99_f32 });
                 self.velocity = Vec3::new(
                     self.velocity.x * inertia,
@@ -927,7 +930,7 @@ impl Projectile {
             self.position = to;
             self.velocity = Vec3::new(
                 self.velocity.x * 0.99,
-                self.velocity.y * 0.99 - self.gravity(),
+                self.velocity.y * 0.99 - self.get_gravity(),
                 self.velocity.z * 0.99,
             );
             self.update_rotation();

crates/horizon-client/src/save.rs

@@ -3767,6 +3767,13 @@ impl Level {
                 })
                 .collect();
         }
+        if let Some(packs) = data.get("DataPacks") {
+            let ids = |key| match packs.get(key) {
+                Some(Tag::List(ids)) => ids.iter().filter_map(|id| text(Some(id))).collect(),
+                _ => Vec::new(),
+            };
+            level.data_packs = Some((ids("Enabled"), ids("Disabled")));
+        }
         let mut rules: BTreeMap<String, i32> = GAME_RULES
             .iter()
             .map(|(k, v)| ((*k).to_owned(), *v))
@@ -3781,6 +3788,26 @@ impl Level {
                 }
             }
         }
+        // GameRules(enabledFeatures, map) removes disabled experimental rules
+        // and supplies their defaults when enabled but absent from saved data.
+        let minecart_rule = &crate::gamerules::MAX_MINECART_SPEED;
+        if level
+            .enabled_features
+            .iter()
+            .any(|f| f == crate::gamerules::MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS)
+        {
+            let crate::gamerules::Value::Int(default) = minecart_rule.default else {
+                unreachable!()
+            };
+            let value = rules
+                .entry(minecart_rule.name.to_owned())
+                .or_insert(default);
+            if !(minecart_rule.min..=minecart_rule.max).contains(value) {
+                *value = default;
+            }
+        } else {
+            rules.remove(minecart_rule.name);
+        }
         level.game_rules = rules;
         // Seed: world_gen_settings.dat (26.3) or Data.WorldGenSettings.
         level.seed = read_saved_data(dir, "world_gen_settings")
@@ -4427,6 +4454,27 @@ impl Level {
                 };
                 put(&mut rules, &format!("minecraft:{name}"), tag);
             }
+            if self
+                .enabled_features
+                .iter()
+                .any(|f| f == crate::gamerules::MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS)
+            {
+                let rule = &crate::gamerules::MAX_MINECART_SPEED;
+                let crate::gamerules::Value::Int(default) = rule.default else {
+                    unreachable!()
+                };
+                let value = self
+                    .game_rules
+                    .get(rule.name)
+                    .copied()
+                    .filter(|v| (rule.min..=rule.max).contains(v))
+                    .unwrap_or(default);
+                put(
+                    &mut rules,
+                    &format!("minecraft:{}", rule.name),
+                    Tag::Int(value),
+                );
+            }
             write_saved_data(dir, "game_rules", rules)?;
         }
         if write_player {

crates/horizon-client/src/title.rs

@@ -3446,11 +3446,12 @@ Would you like to enable the Narrator or visit the Accessibility Settings?",
                             return Action::None;
                         };
                         self.create_return_to_main = false;
-                        let options = WorldOptions::of_world(
+                        let mut options = WorldOptions::of_world(
                             &level,
                             world.commands,
                             &self.saves.join(&world.folder),
                         );
+                        options.restore_feature_packs(&self.resources, &level);
                         self.mode = Mode::Create {
                             name: level.name,
                             seed: level.seed.to_string(),
@@ -3575,7 +3576,10 @@ Would you like to enable the Narrator or visit the Accessibility Settings?",
             }
             // CreateWorldScreen.openGameRulesScreen over a copy of the rules.
             (Mode::Create { options, .. }, Some(29)) => {
-                *self.rules.get_mut() = Some(RulesScreen::for_creation(&options.rules));
+                let rules = options
+                    .rules
+                    .copy_with_features(&options.enabled_features(&self.resources));
+                *self.rules.get_mut() = Some(RulesScreen::for_creation(&rules));
                 Action::None
             }
             // CreateBuffetWorldScreen for the single-biome preset.
@@ -4303,6 +4307,9 @@ Would you like to enable the Narrator or visit the Accessibility Settings?",
     fn close_rules(&mut self, exit: Exit) {
         *self.rules.get_mut() = None;
         if let (Exit::Apply(changes), Mode::Create { options, .. }) = (exit, &mut self.mode) {
+            options.rules = options
+                .rules
+                .copy_with_features(&options.enabled_features(&self.resources));
             for (name, value) in changes {
                 options.rules.set(name, value);
             }

crates/horizon-client/src/title/create_world.rs

@@ -88,12 +88,74 @@ impl WorldOptions {
                 .flatten(),
             structures: generation.structures,
             bonus_chest: generation.bonus_chest,
-            rules: crate::gamerules::GameRules::load(dir),
+            rules: crate::gamerules::GameRules::load_with_features(dir, &level.enabled_features),
             data_packs,
             pack_dir,
             ..Self::default()
         }
     }
+    /// Re-Create's repository enables the original world's feature packs.
+    pub(super) fn restore_feature_packs(
+        &mut self,
+        resources: &std::path::Path,
+        level: &crate::save::Level,
+    ) {
+        let packs = self.available_packs(resources);
+        if let Some((enabled, disabled)) = &level.data_packs {
+            let mut selected: Vec<_> = enabled
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|id| id.as_str() == "vanilla" || packs.iter().any(|p| &p.id == *id))
+                .cloned()
+                .collect();
+            for id in &self.data_packs {
+                if !selected.contains(id) && !disabled.contains(id) {
+                    selected.push(id.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            self.data_packs = selected;
+        }
+        let provided: Vec<_> = packs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|p| self.data_packs.contains(&p.id))
+            .flat_map(|p| p.features())
+            .collect();
+        let mut missing: Vec<_> = level
+            .enabled_features
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|f| f.as_str() != "minecraft:vanilla" && !provided.contains(f))
+            .cloned()
+            .collect();
+        for pack in packs.iter().filter(|p| !p.id.starts_with("file/")) {
+            let required = pack.features();
+            if required.iter().any(|f| missing.contains(f))
+                && required.iter().all(|f| level.enabled_features.contains(f))
+                && !self.data_packs.contains(&pack.id)
+            {
+                self.data_packs.push(pack.id.clone());
+                missing.retain(|f| !required.contains(f));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn available_packs(&self, resources: &std::path::Path) -> Vec<crate::datapack::DataPack> {
+        let mut packs = crate::datapack::feature_packs(resources);
+        if let Some(dir) = &self.pack_dir {
+            packs.extend(crate::datapack::discover_folder(dir));
+        }
+        packs
+    }
+    /// WorldDataConfiguration's selected feature packs over vanilla's flags.
+    pub fn enabled_features(&self, resources: &std::path::Path) -> Vec<String> {
+        let mut features = vec!["minecraft:vanilla".to_owned()];
+        features.extend(
+            self.available_packs(resources)
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|pack| self.data_packs.contains(&pack.id))
+                .flat_map(|pack| pack.features()),
+        );
+        features.sort();
+        features.dedup();
+        features
+    }
     /// `getDifficulty`: Hardcore is always Hard.
     pub fn difficulty(&self) -> usize {
         if self.hardcore { 3 } else { self.difficulty }

crates/horizon-client/tests/lan_bot.rs

@@ -1030,6 +1030,7 @@ fn guests_see_each_other_and_the_world_entities() {
         head_yaw: 0.0,
         on_ground: true,
         velocity: [0.0; 3],
+        minecart_steps: None,
         data: 0,
         meta: Vec::new(),
         defaults: Vec::new(),
@@ -1042,6 +1043,7 @@ fn guests_see_each_other_and_the_world_entities() {
         leash: None,
         spectator: false,
         watching: false,
+        hidden: None,
     };
     let first = thread::spawn(move || {
         let mut bot = connect(port, "Alex", false)?;

crates/horizon-command/src/vanilla.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use super::{
     Dispatcher,
     args::{ArgType, Resource, integer},
 };
-use horizon_client_core::gamerules::{RULES, Value};
+use horizon_client_core::gamerules::{MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS, Value, available_rules};
 
 /// Permission levels (Commands.LEVEL_*).
 pub const ALL: u8 = 0;
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ pub fn build_with(dev: bool) -> Dispatcher {
 /// [`build_with`] for a server of the given kind (Commands.CommandSelection):
 /// an integrated server's tree, or with `dedicated` a dedicated server's.
 pub fn build_for(dev: bool, dedicated: bool) -> Dispatcher {
-    let mut d = registered(dev);
+    build_for_features(dev, dedicated, false)
+}
+fn build_for_features(dev: bool, dedicated: bool, minecart_improvements: bool) -> Dispatcher {
+    let mut d = registered_with_features(dev, minecart_improvements);
     if dedicated {
         dedicated_selection(&mut d);
     }
@@ -72,6 +75,9 @@ fn dedicated_selection(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
 /// [`vanilla_order`](super::vanilla_order) puts children in vanilla's order
 /// (tools/generate_command_order.py compares the two).
 pub fn registered(dev: bool) -> Dispatcher {
+    registered_with_features(dev, false)
+}
+fn registered_with_features(dev: bool, minecart_improvements: bool) -> Dispatcher {
     let mut d = Dispatcher::new();
     let root = 0;
 
@@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ pub fn registered(dev: bool) -> Dispatcher {
     // gamerule <rule> [<value>] (short and namespaced names)
     let gr = d.literal(root, "gamerule");
     d.requires(gr, GAMEMASTERS);
-    for rule in RULES {
+    for rule in available_rules(minecart_improvements) {
         for name in [rule.name.to_owned(), format!("minecraft:{}", rule.name)] {
             let r = d.literal(gr, &name);
             d.executes(r, "gamerule");
@@ -576,6 +582,26 @@ pub fn game_dispatcher() -> &'static Dispatcher {
         DEDICATED_COMMANDS.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed),
     )
 }
+/// The server's tree for this world's enabled features. Cache entries are
+/// separate from vanilla-only worlds and from each server/command selection.
+pub fn game_dispatcher_with_features(features: &[String]) -> &'static Dispatcher {
+    if !features.iter().any(|f| f == MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS) {
+        return game_dispatcher();
+    }
+    static TREES: [std::sync::OnceLock<Dispatcher>; 8] = [const { std::sync::OnceLock::new() }; 8];
+    let dev = std::env::var_os("HORIZON_DEV_COMMANDS").is_some();
+    let horizon = HORIZON_COMMANDS.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+    let dedicated = DEDICATED_COMMANDS.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+    TREES[usize::from(dev) | usize::from(horizon) << 1 | usize::from(dedicated) << 2].get_or_init(
+        || {
+            let mut d = build_for_features(dev, dedicated, true);
+            if horizon {
+                horizon_commands(&mut d, 0);
+            }
+            d
+        },
+    )
+}
 /// Whether this process is a dedicated server, whose tree has the dedicated
 /// commands (`/op`, `/ban`, `/whitelist`...). Single player's server thread
 /// and a LAN world are integrated servers: vanilla registers none of them.

crates/horizon-core/src/prepared_files.rs

@@ -71,12 +71,16 @@ impl PreparedFiles {
     /// The bytes of `name` (`/`-separated, from the root); `None` when this
     /// doesn't hold it (read it from the folder).
     pub fn read(&self, name: &str) -> Option<io::Result<Vec<u8>>> {
+        self.read_head(name, u64::MAX)
+    }
+    /// At most the first `max` bytes of `name`, as [`PreparedFiles::read`].
+    pub fn read_head(&self, name: &str, max: u64) -> Option<io::Result<Vec<u8>>> {
         let i = self
             .entries
             .binary_search_by(|e| self.name(e).cmp(name))
             .ok()?;
         let (offset, len) = self.entries[i].data;
-        let mut bytes = vec![0; len as usize];
+        let mut bytes = vec![0; len.min(max) as usize];
         Some(read_at(&self.file, &mut bytes, offset).map(|()| bytes))
     }
     /// The files under `dir` (`/`-separated, from the root) and its
@@ -207,6 +211,39 @@ pub fn find(path: &Path) -> Option<(Arc<PreparedFiles>, String)> {
     })
 }
 
+/// `path`'s bytes: from its prepared root's data file when that holds it,
+/// where a file the data file doesn't have is missing (`NotFound`, without
+/// asking the disk: a texture's `.mcmeta` or LabPBR maps, mostly absent);
+/// else from the disk.
+pub fn read(path: &Path) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    match find(path) {
+        Some((files, rel)) if holds_file(&rel) => files
+            .read(&rel)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Err(io::ErrorKind::NotFound.into())),
+        _ => fs::read(path),
+    }
+}
+
+/// At most the first `max` bytes of `path`, from where [`read`] takes them:
+/// a header, without reading the whole file.
+pub fn read_head(path: &Path, max: u64) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    match find(path) {
+        Some((files, rel)) if holds_file(&rel) => files
+            .read_head(&rel, max)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Err(io::ErrorKind::NotFound.into())),
+        _ => {
+            let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+            io::Read::read_to_end(&mut io::Read::take(File::open(path)?, max), &mut bytes)?;
+            Ok(bytes)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// [`read`] as UTF-8 text.
+pub fn read_to_string(path: &Path) -> io::Result<String> {
+    String::from_utf8(read(path)?).map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))
+}
+
 /// Write `root`'s file from its folders: through a temporary file renamed
 /// into place, so a reader sees the old file or the new one. Nothing is
 /// written for a root without `horizon-resources.json`.
@@ -457,4 +494,32 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(find(&root.join("worldgen/structure")).is_none());
         let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
     }
+
+    /// Under a root with a file, a file it holds reads from it and a file it
+    /// doesn't is missing even when the disk has one now; a file outside its
+    /// folders, or a sound, reads from the disk.
+    #[test]
+    fn read_takes_the_file_for_what_it_holds() {
+        let root = root("read");
+        write(&root).unwrap();
+        let stick = root.join("data/minecraft/recipe/stick.json");
+        fs::write(&stick, b"changed on disk").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(read(&stick).unwrap(), b"{\"stick\":1}");
+        let added = root.join("assets/minecraft/textures/block/stone_n.png");
+        fs::write(&added, b"added after").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(read(&added).unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::NotFound);
+        assert_eq!(read(&root.join("facts.json")).unwrap(), b"{}");
+        let sound = root.join("assets/minecraft/sounds/ambient/cave1.ogg");
+        assert_eq!(read(&sound).unwrap(), b"OggS");
+        assert_eq!(read_to_string(&stick).unwrap(), "{\"stick\":1}");
+        // A header: from the file for what it holds, from the disk for the rest.
+        assert_eq!(read_head(&stick, 4).unwrap(), b"{\"st");
+        assert_eq!(read_head(&stick, 100).unwrap(), b"{\"stick\":1}");
+        assert_eq!(read_head(&sound, 2).unwrap(), b"Og");
+        assert_eq!(
+            read_head(&added, 2).unwrap_err().kind(),
+            io::ErrorKind::NotFound
+        );
+        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+    }
 }

crates/horizon-server/src/management_methods.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,15 @@ pub fn call(shared: &Shared, client: u32, short: &str, argument: &Value) -> Resu
                     .ok_or_else(|| invalid_params("Not a string"))?,
             ),
         ),
+        "serversettings/force_game_mode" => game.force_game_mode(client, None),
+        "serversettings/force_game_mode/set" => game.force_game_mode(
+            client,
+            Some(
+                argument
+                    .as_bool()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| invalid_params(format!("Not a boolean: {argument}")))?,
+            ),
+        ),
         "allowlist" => Ok(lists.allowlist()),
         "bans" => Ok(lists.bans()),
         "ip_bans" => Ok(lists.ip_bans()),
@@ -290,6 +299,29 @@ struct Game<'a> {
 }
 
 impl Game<'_> {
+    /// `MinecraftServerSettingsServiceImpl.forceGameMode` and `setForceGameMode`.
+    fn force_game_mode(&self, client: u32, value: Option<bool>) -> Result<Value, Failure> {
+        let mut request = json!({ "method": "serversettings/force_game_mode" });
+        if let Some(value) = value {
+            request["method"] = json!("serversettings/force_game_mode/set");
+            request["value"] = json!(value);
+        }
+        let reply = self.ask(&format!("management {client} {request}"))?;
+        if let Some(error) = reply["error"].as_str() {
+            return Err((INTERNAL_ERROR, Some(error.to_owned())));
+        }
+        if let Some(value) = value {
+            crate::config::update(
+                &self.shared.dir,
+                "properties",
+                "force-gamemode",
+                toml::Value::Boolean(value),
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| (INTERNAL_ERROR, Some(e)))?;
+        }
+        Ok(reply["value"].clone())
+    }
+
     /// `MinecraftServerSettingsServiceImpl.getGameMode` and `setGameMode`.
     fn game_mode(&self, client: u32, value: Option<&str>) -> Result<Value, Failure> {
         let mut request = json!({ "method": "serversettings/game_mode" });

docs/extras.md

@@ -209,8 +209,16 @@ While a window has two or three players, a square at the bottom picks how they s
 by side); Apply saves it (`splitscreenTwo`, `splitscreenThree`). **Names** (top left,
 `splitscreenNames`, on by default) keeps each player's name in the corner of their view; off,
 it shows only for a moment when something changes. **Identify** makes every view say which
-window it is in. Controller pick-up in Setup and joining P1 on an external server follow
-separately.
+window it is in.
+
+With a controller, A on a player's tile picks it up: left and right (or LB and RB) cycle where
+it goes, the map showing it there, A drops it, B puts it back. **Give Up Pad** (top, while P1
+has a controller in a world) frees P1's controller and offers it to join, for a friend to
+press A; if nobody joins, the offer runs out, or it's declined, it drives P1 again. A player
+whose controller disconnected shows "(no controller)" on its tile. Other players' pause menus
+say **Leave** for disconnecting. `HORIZON_SPLIT_STATS=1` logs every 5 s where a frame's time
+goes (each player's turn and render, the presents, the GPU wait) and each player's frame rate.
+Joining P1 on an external server follows separately.
 
 ## Shared rules
 

docs/native-mods.md

@@ -1583,10 +1583,10 @@ For mods that run where the world is simulated: a dedicated server, a LAN host,
   every mod, so a later mod sees the value an earlier one set. It runs before `native_time_skip`, which hears the jump
   to the time chosen here and may still cancel it; the players wake either way. Bundles need
   `"hooks": @API:sleep_finished_time@`.
-- **`native_world_border_bounds_changed()`**: `/worldborder set` or `/worldborder add` changed the border size or started a timed size change. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:world_border_bounds_changed@`.
-- **`native_world_border_center_changed()`**: `/worldborder center` moved the border center. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:world_border_center_changed@`.
-- **`native_world_game_rule_change(player, name, rule, value)`**: an operator changed a game rule through the server game rules screen; it is heard after the final value is applied. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:world_game_rule_change@`.
-- **`native_spawn_change(pos, angle)`**: `/setworldspawn` moved the world's spawn point, after its position and rotation are applied. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:spawn_change@`.
+- **`native_world_border_bounds_changed()`**: `/worldborder set` or `/worldborder add` changed the border size or started a timed size change. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:native_world_border_bounds_changed@`.
+- **`native_world_border_center_changed()`**: `/worldborder center` moved the border center. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:native_world_border_center_changed@`.
+- **`native_world_game_rule_change(player, name, rule, value)`**: an operator changed a game rule through the server game rules screen; it is heard after the final value is applied. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:native_world_game_rule_change@`.
+- **`native_spawn_change(pos, angle)`**: `/setworldspawn` moved the world's spawn point, after its position and rotation are applied. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:native_spawn_change@`.
 - **`native_portal_create(dimension, pos)`**: a Nether portal built for dimension travel or the End arrival platform was completed in `dimension`; `pos` is its lower corner or platform origin. Bundles need `"hooks": @API:portal_create@`.
 - **`native_raid_spawn_wave(raid, pos, wave, raiders)`**: a raid wave is about to be spawned at `pos`; `raiders` is the count Horizon will spawn.
 - **`native_raid_state_change(raid, pos, state)`**: a raid at `pos` was triggered or changed to `victory`, `loss`, or `stopped`.
@@ -2210,7 +2210,8 @@ Level hooks use access-specific hosts rather than `Host`. `LevelHost` provides
 `state_with_property`. `LevelRandomHost` provides vanilla's `Level.random` so
 mod draws come in vanilla's order. `LevelTicksHost` adds scheduling through
 `native_schedule_block_tick` and `native_schedule_fluid_tick`, while
-`LevelWriteHost` adds random access and `native_set_block_property`. Whole-block writes wait for a
+`LevelWriteHost` adds random access, `native_set_block_property`, `native_play_sound` and
+`native_send_particles`. Whole-block writes wait for a
 later slice that creates block entities, as vanilla's `setBlock` does. The game owns
 the tick queue; mods do not pass it back to these helpers.
 For frame hooks, implement `RenderHooks` and return it from `Hooks::render`. The ordered
@@ -2287,7 +2288,8 @@ handler, conditional serialization or sync APIs.
 
 `Host` exposes the documented `Game` helpers listed under `helpers` in
 `native-hooks.json`, without their `native_` prefix. Each keeps the helper's
-receiver and documentation. Level services stay on the level hosts above.
+receiver and documentation; a helper without `self` (`config_dir`) takes
+`&self` in `Host`. Level services stay on the level hosts above.
 The following documented `Game` helpers are not in the trait yet:
 
 - `spawn_mob`, `mob`, `mobs`, `block_in_tag`, `item_in_tag`,

native-hooks.json

@@ -316,6 +316,34 @@
       "name": "built_data",
       "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_built_data"
     },
+    {
+      "name": "on",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_on"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mod_key",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_mod_key"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "setting",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_setting"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "set_setting",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_set_setting"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "set_block_property",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_set_block_property"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "set_block_property_with",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_set_block_property_with"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "config_dir",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_config_dir"
+    },
     {
       "name": "panel_items",
       "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_panel_items"

tests/test_remote_motion.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl MobIndex {
 struct Game {
     mobs: Vec<Entity>, mob_index: MobIndex, dropped: Vec<Entity>, falling: Vec<Entity>, tnts: Vec<Entity>, orbs: Vec<Entity>,
     creatures: Creatures, dragon_fireballs: Vec<Entity>, tridents: Vec<Entity>,
-    rockets: Vec<Entity>, remote: Option<Remote>,
+    rockets: Vec<Entity>, carts: Vec<Entity>, remote: Option<Remote>,
     potions: Potions, end: End,
 }
 impl Game {

tests/test_stamp_native_hooks.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import importlib.util
 import json
+import re
+import shutil
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
 import unittest
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ class StampTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("API 9 adds a; requires 9.", docs)
         self.assertIn("NATIVE_HOOKS_API: u32 = 9;", source)
         hooks = json.loads((self.root / stamp.CATALOG).read_text())["hooks"]
-        self.assertEqual([(h["name"], h["version"]) for h in hooks], [("z", 1), ("a", 1)])
+        self.assertEqual([(h["name"], h["version"]) for h in hooks], [("a", 1), ("z", 1)])
         self.assertFalse(stamp.stamp(False))
 
     def test_helper_only_gets_a_number(self):
@@ -121,6 +123,24 @@ class StampTests(unittest.TestCase):
             stamp.stamp(False)
         self.assertEqual((self.root / stamp.SOURCE).read_text(), before)
 
+    def test_the_repository_stamps_every_marker(self):
+        # A copy of this checkout's pending fragments and the files they stamp: stamping must
+        # succeed and leave no marker, or the stamp workflow fails or ships unnumbered docs.
+        repo = self.original
+        fragments = [p.relative_to(repo) for p in (repo / stamp.FRAGMENTS).glob("*.json")]
+        comments = {Path(c) for p in fragments for c in json.loads((repo / p).read_text()).get("comments", [])}
+        stamped = [stamp.SOURCE, stamp.DOCS, *stamp.MOD_API, *comments]
+        for path in [stamp.CATALOG, *stamped, *fragments]:
+            if (repo / path).exists():
+                (self.root / path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                shutil.copyfile(repo / path, self.root / path)
+        self.git("add", ".")
+        self.git("commit", "-qm", "base")
+        self.assertFalse(stamp.stamp(False))
+        left = {str(p): re.findall(r"@API:\w+@", (self.root / p).read_text())
+                for p in stamped if (self.root / p).exists()}
+        self.assertEqual({p: m for p, m in left.items() if m}, {})
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

tools/native-hook-fragments/critical_hit.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "hooks": [
+    {
+      "name": "critical_hit",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_critical_hit",
+      "neoforge": "CriticalHitEvent",
+      "side": "both",
+      "cancellable": false,
+      "mod_api": {
+        "contract": "listen"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "rust_summary": "A player's melee hit on a living target decides whether it is critical (`native_critical_hit`).",
+  "doc_summary": "A player's damaging melee hit on a living target: `native_critical_hit(target_kind, vanilla_critical, critical, damage_multiplier)` may force or deny the critical hit and change its multiplier (1.5 for a vanilla crit, else 1.0); the sweep, sound and particles follow the decided result. Not fired for a dragon part or a hit that does no damage. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:critical_hit@."
+}

tools/native-hook-fragments/hide_player.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "hooks": [],
+  "helpers": [
+    {"name": "hide_player", "target": "horizon_client::game::native_server::Game<'_>::native_hide_player"}
+  ],
+  "rust_summary": "hiding a player from the players below a permission level (`native_hide_player`).",
+  "doc_summary": "hiding a player (a vanish): `native_hide_player(uuid, level)` hides that player, from the next tick, from the players below permission `level` (None shows them again): they leave those players' Tab list and world (their clients stop tracking them, as they do a spectator) and those players don't read them joining or leaving. Players of `level` or more still see them; a player made an operator sees them again. It is kept by UUID, for a player who is off too, until a mod sets it again or the server stops. Server only; false on a client. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:hide_player@.",
+  "comments": ["crates/horizon-client/src/game/native_server.rs"]
+}

tools/native-hook-fragments/item_stack.json

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
     {"name": "item_stack", "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_item_stack"}
   ],
   "rust_summary": "drawing a component-bearing item stack and its decorations on a screen (`native_item_stack`).",
-  "doc_summary": "drawing an item stack on a screen: `native_item_stack(batch, stack, at, size)` draws its model, glint, damage bar, cooldown and mod decorations, but not its count. It returns false for an unknown item. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:item_stack@."
+  "doc_summary": "drawing an item stack on a screen: `native_item_stack(batch, stack, at, size)` draws its model, glint, damage bar, cooldown and mod decorations, but not its count. It draws nothing and returns false for an unknown item or an empty stack (air, or a count of 0). Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:item_stack@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_destroy_item.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "hooks": [
+    {
+      "name": "player_destroy_item",
+      "target": "horizon_client::game::native_hooks::Game<'_>::native_player_destroy_item",
+      "neoforge": "none (NeoForge's PlayerDestroyItemEvent carries the original stack and a hand, which armour has not; this hook only listens and names the slot instead. Bukkit's PlayerItemBreakEvent)",
+      "side": "server",
+      "mod_api": {
+        "contract": "listen"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "rust_summary": "a player's item breaking (`native_player_destroy_item`).",
+  "doc_summary": "a player's item breaking: `native_player_destroy_item(player, name, item, slot)` is heard for a server player whose tool, shield, rod or armour piece ran out of durability (`LivingEntity.onEquippedItemBroken`, Bukkit's `PlayerItemBreakEvent`), with the item that broke and the slot it was in (`mainhand`, `offhand`, `head`, `chest`, `legs`, `feet`, `body`, `saddle`); armour has a slot rather than a hand. `native_item_damaged` is the wear, this is only the break. Listen only. The player's state is swapped in. Not heard for a creative player or for the host of a LAN world. Bundles that use it need `\"hooks\": @API:native_player_destroy_item@`."
+}

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_flower_pot_manipulate.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server player put a plant in a flower pot (`native_player_flower_pot_manipulate`).",
-  "doc_summary": "A server player put a plant into a flower pot: `native_player_flower_pot_manipulate(player, name, pos, plant)` is heard after the potted state is stored and the item consumed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_flower_pot_manipulate@."
+  "doc_summary": "A server player put a plant into a flower pot: `native_player_flower_pot_manipulate(player, name, pos, plant)` is heard after the potted state is stored and the item consumed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_flower_pot_manipulate@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_insert_lectern_book.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server player inserted a book into a lectern (`native_player_insert_lectern_book`).",
-  "doc_summary": "A server player inserted a book into a lectern: `native_player_insert_lectern_book(player, name, pos, book)` is heard after the block entity and inventory changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_insert_lectern_book@."
+  "doc_summary": "A server player inserted a book into a lectern: `native_player_insert_lectern_book(player, name, pos, book)` is heard after the block entity and inventory changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_insert_lectern_book@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_item_frame_change.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server player changed an item frame (`native_player_item_frame_change`).",
-  "doc_summary": "A server player changed an item frame: `native_player_item_frame_change(player, name, entity_id, action, item, rotation)` is heard after its contents and comparator output changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_item_frame_change@."
+  "doc_summary": "A server player changed an item frame: `native_player_item_frame_change(player, name, entity_id, action, item, rotation)` is heard after its contents and comparator output changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_item_frame_change@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_item_mend.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "An orb repaired a server player's item through Mending (`native_player_item_mend`).",
-  "doc_summary": "An orb repaired an item through Mending: `native_player_item_mend(player, name, item, repair, experience)` is heard after its damage changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_item_mend@."
+  "doc_summary": "An orb repaired an item through Mending: `native_player_item_mend(player, name, item, repair, experience)` is heard after its damage changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_item_mend@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_lectern_page_change.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server player changed a lectern page (`native_player_lectern_page_change`).",
-  "doc_summary": "A server player changed a lectern page: `native_player_lectern_page_change(player, name, pos, page)` is heard after the page and redstone pulse changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_lectern_page_change@."
+  "doc_summary": "A server player changed a lectern page: `native_player_lectern_page_change(player, name, pos, page)` is heard after the page and redstone pulse changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_lectern_page_change@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_player_take_lectern_book.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server player took a book from a lectern (`native_player_take_lectern_book`).",
-  "doc_summary": "A server player took a book from a lectern: `native_player_take_lectern_book(player, name, pos, book)` is heard after its block entity changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:player_take_lectern_book@."
+  "doc_summary": "A server player took a book from a lectern: `native_player_take_lectern_book(player, name, pos, book)` is heard after its block entity changed. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_player_take_lectern_book@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_spawn_change.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "The world spawn point changes (`native_spawn_change`).",
-  "doc_summary": "`native_spawn_change(pos, angle)` is told after `/setworldspawn` moves the world's spawn point, with its block position and rotation. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:spawn_change@."
+  "doc_summary": "`native_spawn_change(pos, angle)` is told after `/setworldspawn` moves the world's spawn point, with its block position and rotation. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_spawn_change@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_world_border_bounds_changed.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "World border bounds change (`native_world_border_bounds_changed`).",
-  "doc_summary": "`native_world_border_bounds_changed()` is told after `/worldborder set` or `/worldborder add` changes the border size or starts its timed size change. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:world_border_bounds_changed@."
+  "doc_summary": "`native_world_border_bounds_changed()` is told after `/worldborder set` or `/worldborder add` changes the border size or starts its timed size change. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_world_border_bounds_changed@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_world_border_center_changed.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "World border center change (`native_world_border_center_changed`).",
-  "doc_summary": "`native_world_border_center_changed()` is told after `/worldborder center` moves the border center. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:world_border_center_changed@."
+  "doc_summary": "`native_world_border_center_changed()` is told after `/worldborder center` moves the border center. It hears successful commands only. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_world_border_center_changed@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/native_world_game_rule_change.json

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@
     }
   ],
   "rust_summary": "A server game rule changes (`native_world_game_rule_change`).",
-  "doc_summary": "`native_world_game_rule_change(player, name, rule, value)` is told after an operator changes a world game rule through the server's game rule screen, with its final value. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:world_game_rule_change@."
+  "doc_summary": "`native_world_game_rule_change(player, name, rule, value)` is told after an operator changes a world game rule through the server's game rule screen, with its final value. Bundles need \"hooks\": @API:native_world_game_rule_change@."
 }

tools/native-hook-fragments/state_block.json

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 {
   "hooks": [],
   "rust_summary": "a helper that names the block a state belongs to (`native_state_block`).",
-  "doc_summary": "`native_state_block(state)` names the block a state belongs to (`BlockState.getBlock()`), on a server hook's level and on the game: `native_state_for_placement` is asked for every block placed, so a mod compares it with its own block to answer only for it. Bundles that use it need \"hooks\": @API:state_block@.",
-  "comments": ["crates/horizon-client/src/game/native_hooks.rs"]
+  "doc_summary": "`native_state_block(state)` names the block a state belongs to (`BlockState.getBlock()`), on a server hook's level and on the game: `native_state_for_placement` is asked for every block placed, so a mod compares it with its own block to answer only for it. Bundles that use it need \"hooks\": @API:state_block@."
 }

tools/native_input.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"""Native macOS input for desktop harnesses. Never sends input through horizon-ctl.
+
+Requires Accessibility permission for the invoking process. Only use while the person
+at the desktop has agreed to let the harness take focus and move the pointer.
+"""
+import ctypes as c
+import plistlib
+import sys
+import time
+
+
+class Point(c.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('x', c.c_double), ('y', c.c_double)]
+
+
+class MacInput:
+    KEYS = {'w': 13, 'a': 0, 'escape': 53, 'e': 14}
+
+    def __init__(self, pid):
+        if sys.platform != 'darwin':
+            raise RuntimeError('native input harness currently supports macOS')
+        self.pid = pid
+        self.cg = c.CDLL('/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/CoreGraphics')
+        self.cf = c.CDLL('/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation')
+        self.ax = c.CDLL('/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/ApplicationServices')
+        def bind(lib, name, result, *args):
+            fn = getattr(lib, name)
+            fn.restype, fn.argtypes = result, list(args)
+        bind(self.ax, 'AXIsProcessTrusted', c.c_bool)
+        if not self.ax.AXIsProcessTrusted():
+            raise RuntimeError('native input requires macOS Accessibility permission')
+        bind(self.ax, 'AXUIElementCreateApplication', c.c_void_p, c.c_int)
+        bind(self.ax, 'AXUIElementSetAttributeValue', c.c_int, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.ax, 'AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue', c.c_int, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.POINTER(c.c_void_p))
+        bind(self.ax, 'AXUIElementPerformAction', c.c_int, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFArrayGetCount', c.c_long, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFArrayGetValueAtIndex', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_long)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFStringGetCString', c.c_bool, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_long, c.c_uint32)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFStringCreateWithCString', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_char_p, c.c_uint32)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFRelease', None, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo', c.c_void_p, c.c_uint32, c.c_uint32)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFPropertyListCreateData', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_long, c.c_ulong, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFDataGetLength', c.c_long, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cf, 'CFDataGetBytePtr', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_uint16, c.c_bool)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventCreateMouseEvent', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p, c.c_uint32, Point, c.c_uint32)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventPostToPid', None, c.c_int, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventPost', None, c.c_uint32, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventSetIntegerValueField', None, c.c_void_p, c.c_int, c.c_int64)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventCreate', c.c_void_p, c.c_void_p)
+        bind(self.cg, 'CGEventGetLocation', Point, c.c_void_p)
+        self.held = set()
+
+    def windows(self):
+        array = self.cg.CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(1, 0)  # On-screen windows, front to back.
+        data = None
+        try:
+            data = self.cf.CFPropertyListCreateData(None, array, 100, 0, None)
+            if not data:
+                raise RuntimeError('could not read native window list')
+            raw = c.string_at(self.cf.CFDataGetBytePtr(data), self.cf.CFDataGetLength(data))
+            return [w for w in plistlib.loads(raw) if w.get('kCGWindowLayer') == 0]
+        finally:
+            if data:
+                self.cf.CFRelease(data)
+            if array:
+                self.cf.CFRelease(array)
+
+    def activate(self):
+        app = self.ax.AXUIElementCreateApplication(self.pid)
+        key = self.cf.CFStringCreateWithCString(None, b'AXFrontmost', 0x08000100)
+        try:
+            yes = c.c_void_p.in_dll(self.cf, 'kCFBooleanTrue')
+            if self.ax.AXUIElementSetAttributeValue(app, key, yes) != 0:
+                raise RuntimeError('could not activate the test game')
+        finally:
+            self.cf.CFRelease(key)
+            self.cf.CFRelease(app)
+        end = time.monotonic() + 5
+        while time.monotonic() < end:
+            windows = self.windows()
+            if windows and windows[0].get('kCGWindowOwnerPID') == self.pid:
+                return
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        raise RuntimeError('the test game never became the frontmost window')
+
+    def raise_window(self, title):
+        # A background split window may be mostly covered by Window 1. Raise it
+        # before clicking its content, like selecting it from the OS window menu.
+        app = self.ax.AXUIElementCreateApplication(self.pid)
+        keys = [self.cf.CFStringCreateWithCString(None, name, 0x08000100)
+                for name in (b'AXWindows', b'AXTitle', b'AXRaise')]
+        windows = c.c_void_p()
+        try:
+            if self.ax.AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(app, keys[0], c.byref(windows)) != 0:
+                raise RuntimeError('could not read the test games native windows')
+            for i in range(self.cf.CFArrayGetCount(windows)):
+                window = self.cf.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(windows, i)
+                name = c.c_void_p()
+                if self.ax.AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(window, keys[1], c.byref(name)) != 0:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    text = c.create_string_buffer(2048)
+                    self.cf.CFStringGetCString(name, text, len(text), 0x08000100)
+                    if title not in text.value.decode('utf-8'):
+                        continue
+                    if self.ax.AXUIElementPerformAction(window, keys[2]) != 0:
+                        raise RuntimeError(f'could not raise {title}')
+                    time.sleep(0.15)
+                    return
+                finally:
+                    self.cf.CFRelease(name)
+            raise RuntimeError(f'no accessible native window matching {title!r}')
+        finally:
+            if windows:
+                self.cf.CFRelease(windows)
+            for key in keys:
+                self.cf.CFRelease(key)
+            self.cf.CFRelease(app)
+
+    def window(self, title=None):
+        windows = [w for w in self.windows() if w.get('kCGWindowOwnerPID') == self.pid
+                   and (title is None or title in w.get('kCGWindowName', ''))]
+        if not windows:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'no native test window matching {title!r}')
+        return windows[0]
+
+    def point(self, physical_size, x, y, title=None):
+        """A fractional point in the content area, excluding the native title bar."""
+        b = self.window(title)['kCGWindowBounds']
+        scale = physical_size[0] / b['Width']
+        height = physical_size[1] / scale
+        return b['X'] + b['Width'] * x, b['Y'] + b['Height'] - height + height * y
+
+    def key(self, key, down):
+        event = self.cg.CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, self.KEYS[key], down)
+        try:
+            # Target the test process; a disappearing test window must not type in another app.
+            self.cg.CGEventPostToPid(self.pid, event)
+            if down:
+                self.held.add(key)
+            else:
+                self.held.discard(key)
+        finally:
+            self.cf.CFRelease(event)
+
+    def tap(self, key):
+        self.key(key, True)
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+        self.key(key, False)
+        time.sleep(0.15)
+
+    def click(self, at, title=None):
+        self.activate()
+        if title is not None:
+            self.raise_window(title)
+        self.move(at)
+        for kind in (1, 2):  # Left down, left up.
+            event = self.cg.CGEventCreateMouseEvent(None, kind, Point(*at), 0)
+            self.cg.CGEventPost(0, event)
+            self.cf.CFRelease(event)
+            time.sleep(0.05)
+        time.sleep(0.15)
+
+    def move(self, at, delta=None):
+        event = self.cg.CGEventCreateMouseEvent(None, 5, Point(*at), 0)
+        try:
+            if delta is not None:
+                self.cg.CGEventSetIntegerValueField(event, 4, delta[0])
+                self.cg.CGEventSetIntegerValueField(event, 5, delta[1])
+            self.cg.CGEventPost(0, event)
+        finally:
+            self.cf.CFRelease(event)
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+
+    def relative(self, dx, dy):
+        event = self.cg.CGEventCreate(None)
+        at = self.cg.CGEventGetLocation(event)
+        self.cf.CFRelease(event)
+        self.move((at.x + dx, at.y + dy), (dx, dy))
+
+    def release(self):
+        for key in list(self.held):
+            self.key(key, False)