diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.cpp b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.cpp
index 3a2eb5cd3..10871f7c4 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ static INT32 YM2612StreamCallbackDummy(INT32 /* nSoundRate */)
 
 static void YM2612Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM2612Render called without init\n"));
+#endif
+	
 	if (nYM2612Position >= nSegmentLength) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -66,6 +70,10 @@ static void YM2612Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 // Update the sound buffer
 static void YM2612UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM2612UpdateNormal called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 	INT32 i;
 
@@ -152,6 +160,10 @@ static void YM2612UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 void BurnYM2612UpdateRequest()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM2612UpdateRequest called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM2612Render(BurnYM2612StreamCallback(nBurnYM2612SoundRate));
 }
 
@@ -160,6 +172,10 @@ void BurnYM2612UpdateRequest()
 
 void BurnYM2612Reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM2612Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerReset();
 	
 	for (INT32 i = 0; i < nNumChips; i++) {
@@ -169,6 +185,10 @@ void BurnYM2612Reset()
 
 void BurnYM2612Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM2612Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM2612Shutdown();
 
 	BurnTimerExit();
@@ -180,10 +200,14 @@ void BurnYM2612Exit()
 	
 	nNumChips = 0;
 	bYM2612AddSignal = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_YM2612Initted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 BurnYM2612Init(INT32 num, INT32 nClockFrequency, FM_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback, INT32 (*StreamCallback)(INT32), double (*GetTimeCallback)(), INT32 bAddSignal)
 {
+	DebugSnd_YM2612Initted = 1;
+	
 	if (num > MAX_YM2612) num = MAX_YM2612;
 
 	BurnTimerInit(&YM2612TimerOver, GetTimeCallback);
@@ -218,6 +242,10 @@ INT32 BurnYM2612Init(INT32 num, INT32 nClockFrequency, FM_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback
 
 void BurnYM2612Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM2612Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerScan(nAction, pnMin);
 
 	if (nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA) {
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.h b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.h
index ab1bdb459..507fc25dd 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.h
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym2612.h
@@ -13,9 +13,14 @@ void BurnYM2612Exit();
 extern void (*BurnYM2612Update)(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd);
 void BurnYM2612Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin);
 
-#define BurnYM2612Write(i, a, n) YM2612Write(i, a, n)
 #define BurnYM2612Read(i, a) YM2612Read(i, a)
 
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	#define BurnYM2612Write(i, a, n) if (!DebugSnd_YM2612Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM2612Write called without init\n")); YM2612Write(i, a, n)
+#else
+	#define BurnYM2612Write(i, a, n) YM2612Write(i, a, n)
+#endif
+
 #define BurnYM3438Init(i, n, a, b, c, d) BurnYM2612Init(i, n, a, b, c, d)
 #define BurnYM3438Reset() BurnYM2612Reset()
 #define BurnYM3438Exit() BurnYM2612Exit()
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.cpp b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.cpp
index dece3e478..d3081b371 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.cpp
@@ -340,6 +340,10 @@ static INT32 YM3526StreamCallbackDummy(INT32 /* nSoundRate */)
 
 static void YM3526Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3526Render called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (nYM3526Position >= nSegmentLength) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -358,6 +362,10 @@ static void YM3526Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 
 static void YM3526UpdateResample(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3526UpdateResample called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 	INT32 nSamplesNeeded = nSegmentEnd * nBurnYM3526SoundRate / nBurnSoundRate + 1;
 
@@ -408,6 +416,10 @@ static void YM3526UpdateResample(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 static void YM3526UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3526UpdateNormal called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 
 //	bprintf(PRINT_NORMAL, _T("    YM3526 render %6i -> %6i\n"), nYM3526Position, nSegmentEnd);
@@ -455,6 +467,10 @@ static void YM3526UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 void BurnYM3526UpdateRequest(int, int)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3526UpdateRequest called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM3526Render(BurnYM3526StreamCallback(nBurnYM3526SoundRate));
 }
 
@@ -463,6 +479,10 @@ void BurnYM3526UpdateRequest(int, int)
 
 void BurnYM3526Reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3526Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerResetYM3526();
 
 	YM3526ResetChip(0);
@@ -470,6 +490,10 @@ void BurnYM3526Reset()
 
 void BurnYM3526Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3526Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM3526Shutdown();
 
 	BurnTimerExitYM3526();
@@ -480,10 +504,14 @@ void BurnYM3526Exit()
 	}
 	
 	bYM3526AddSignal = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_YM3526Initted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 BurnYM3526Init(INT32 nClockFrequency, OPL_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback, INT32 (*StreamCallback)(INT32), INT32 bAddSignal)
 {
+	DebugSnd_YM3526Initted = 1;
+	
 	BurnTimerInitYM3526(&YM3526TimerOver, NULL);
 
 	if (nBurnSoundRate <= 0) {
@@ -534,6 +562,10 @@ INT32 BurnYM3526Init(INT32 nClockFrequency, OPL_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback, INT32 (*
 
 void BurnYM3526Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3526Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerScanYM3526(nAction, pnMin);
 	
 	if (nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA) {
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.h b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.h
index 04ac24cb1..9ffe51ddd 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.h
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3526.h
@@ -23,5 +23,10 @@ void BurnYM3526Exit();
 extern void (*BurnYM3526Update)(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd);
 void BurnYM3526Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin);
 
-#define BurnYM3526Write(a, n) YM3526Write(0, a, n)
 #define BurnYM3526Read(a) YM3526Read(0, a)
+
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	#define BurnYM3526Write(a, n) if (!DebugSnd_YM3526Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3526Write called without init\n")); YM3526Write(0, a, n)
+#else
+	#define BurnYM3526Write(a, n) YM3526Write(0, a, n)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.cpp b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.cpp
index 5eaed9662..f6f60f75f 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.cpp
@@ -340,6 +340,10 @@ static INT32 YM3812StreamCallbackDummy(INT32 /* nSoundRate */)
 
 static void YM3812Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3812Render called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (nYM3812Position >= nSegmentLength) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -358,6 +362,10 @@ static void YM3812Render(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 
 static void YM3812UpdateResample(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3812UpdateResample called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 	INT32 nSamplesNeeded = nSegmentEnd * nBurnYM3812SoundRate / nBurnSoundRate + 1;
 
@@ -408,6 +416,10 @@ static void YM3812UpdateResample(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 static void YM3812UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YM3812UpdateNormal called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 
 //	bprintf(PRINT_NORMAL, _T("    YM3812 render %6i -> %6i\n"), nYM3812Position, nSegmentEnd);
@@ -455,6 +467,10 @@ static void YM3812UpdateNormal(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 void BurnYM3812UpdateRequest(INT32, INT32)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3812UpdateRequest called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM3812Render(BurnYM3812StreamCallback(nBurnYM3812SoundRate));
 }
 
@@ -463,6 +479,10 @@ void BurnYM3812UpdateRequest(INT32, INT32)
 
 void BurnYM3812Reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3812Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerResetYM3812();
 
 	YM3812ResetChip(0);
@@ -470,6 +490,10 @@ void BurnYM3812Reset()
 
 void BurnYM3812Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3812Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YM3812Shutdown();
 
 	BurnTimerExitYM3812();
@@ -480,10 +504,14 @@ void BurnYM3812Exit()
 	}
 	
 	bYM3812AddSignal = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_YM3812Initted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 BurnYM3812Init(INT32 nClockFrequency, OPL_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback, INT32 (*StreamCallback)(INT32), INT32 bAddSignal)
 {
+	DebugSnd_YM3812Initted = 1;
+	
 	BurnTimerInitYM3812(&YM3812TimerOver, NULL);
 
 	if (nBurnSoundRate <= 0) {
@@ -534,6 +562,10 @@ INT32 BurnYM3812Init(INT32 nClockFrequency, OPL_IRQHANDLER IRQCallback, INT32 (*
 
 void BurnYM3812Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3812Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerScanYM3812(nAction, pnMin);
 	
 	if (nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA) {
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.h b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.h
index dd0b4c909..728572f96 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.h
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ym3812.h
@@ -24,5 +24,10 @@ void BurnYM3812Exit();
 extern void (*BurnYM3812Update)(INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nSegmentEnd);
 void BurnYM3812Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin);
 
-#define BurnYM3812Write(a, n) YM3812Write(0, a, n)
 #define BurnYM3812Read(a) YM3812Read(0, a)
+
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	#define BurnYM3812Write(a, n) if (!DebugSnd_YM3812Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYM3812Write called without init\n")); YM3812Write(0, a, n)
+#else
+	#define BurnYM3812Write(a, n) YM3812Write(0, a, n)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/burn_ymf278b.cpp b/src/burn/sound/burn_ymf278b.cpp
index 25c03647d..53bd0b93d 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/burn_ymf278b.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/burn_ymf278b.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ static INT32 YMF278BStreamCallbackDummy(INT32 /* nSoundRate */)
 
 static void YMF278BRender(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("YMF278BRender called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (nYMF278BPosition >= nSegmentLength) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -45,6 +49,10 @@ static void YMF278BRender(INT32 nSegmentLength)
 
 void BurnYMF278BUpdate(INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BUpdate called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT16* pSoundBuf = pBurnSoundOut;
 	INT32 nSegmentLength = nSegmentEnd;
 
@@ -93,6 +101,10 @@ void BurnYMF278BUpdate(INT32 nSegmentEnd)
 
 void BurnYMF278BSelectRegister(INT32 nRegister, UINT8 nValue)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BSelectRegister called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	switch (nRegister) {
 		case 0:
 //			bprintf(PRINT_NORMAL, _T("    YMF278B register A -> %i\n"), nValue);
@@ -109,6 +121,10 @@ void BurnYMF278BSelectRegister(INT32 nRegister, UINT8 nValue)
 }
 void BurnYMF278BWriteRegister(INT32 nRegister, UINT8 nValue)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BWriteRegister called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	switch (nRegister) {
 		case 0:
 			BurnYMF278BUpdate(BurnYMF278BStreamCallback(nBurnSoundRate));
@@ -126,12 +142,20 @@ void BurnYMF278BWriteRegister(INT32 nRegister, UINT8 nValue)
 
 UINT8 BurnYMF278BReadStatus()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BReadStatus called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnYMF278BUpdate(BurnYMF278BStreamCallback(nBurnSoundRate));
 	return YMF278B_status_port_0_r();
 }
 
 UINT8 BurnYMF278BReadData()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BReadData called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	return YMF278B_data_port_0_r();
 }
 
@@ -139,11 +163,19 @@ UINT8 BurnYMF278BReadData()
 
 void BurnYMF278BReset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BReset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerReset();
 }
 
 void BurnYMF278BExit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BExit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	YMF278B_sh_stop();
 
 	BurnTimerExit();
@@ -152,11 +184,15 @@ void BurnYMF278BExit()
 		free(pBuffer);
 		pBuffer = NULL;
 	}
+	
+	DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 BurnYMF278BInit(INT32 /* nClockFrequency */, UINT8* YMF278BROM, void (*IRQCallback)(INT32, INT32), INT32 (*StreamCallback)(INT32))
 {
-	BurnYMF278BExit();
+	DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted = 1;
+	BurnYMF278BExit();	
+	DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted = 1;
 
 	BurnYMF278BStreamCallback = YMF278BStreamCallbackDummy;
 	if (StreamCallback) {
@@ -176,7 +212,11 @@ INT32 BurnYMF278BInit(INT32 /* nClockFrequency */, UINT8* YMF278BROM, void (*IRQ
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void BurnYMF278BScan(int nAction, int* pnMin)
+void BurnYMF278BScan(INT32 nAction, INT32* pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_YMF278BInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("BurnYMF278BScan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	BurnTimerScan(nAction, pnMin);
 }
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/dac.cpp b/src/burn/sound/dac.cpp
index 657d11bb8..356b47a8d 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/dac.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/dac.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ static INT32 bAddSignal;
 
 void DACUpdate(INT16* Buffer, INT32 Length)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACUpdate called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 Out = Chip0->Output;
 	
 	if (NumChips >= 2) Out += Chip1->Output;
@@ -52,6 +56,11 @@ void DACUpdate(INT16* Buffer, INT32 Length)
 
 void DACWrite(INT32 Chip, UINT8 Data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACWrite called without init\n"));
+	if (Chip > NumChips) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACWrite called with invalid chip number %x\n"), Chip);
+#endif
+
 	if (Chip == 0) Chip0->Output = Chip0->UnsignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip0->nVolShift;
 	if (Chip == 1) Chip1->Output = Chip1->UnsignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip1->nVolShift;
 	if (Chip == 2) Chip2->Output = Chip2->UnsignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip2->nVolShift;
@@ -64,6 +73,11 @@ void DACWrite(INT32 Chip, UINT8 Data)
 
 void DACSignedWrite(INT32 Chip, UINT8 Data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACSignedWrite called without init\n"));
+	if (Chip > NumChips) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACSignedWrite called with invalid chip number %x\n"), Chip);
+#endif
+
 	if (Chip == 0) Chip0->Output = Chip0->SignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip0->nVolShift;
 	if (Chip == 1) Chip1->Output = Chip1->SignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip1->nVolShift;
 	if (Chip == 2) Chip2->Output = Chip2->SignedVolTable[Data] >> Chip2->nVolShift;
@@ -121,6 +135,8 @@ static void DACBuildVolTables()
 
 void DACInit(INT32 Num, UINT32 Clock, INT32 bAdd)
 {
+	DebugSnd_DACInitted = 1;
+	
 	NumChips = Num;
 	
 	if (Num == 0) {
@@ -194,6 +210,11 @@ void DACInit(INT32 Num, UINT32 Clock, INT32 bAdd)
 
 void DACSetVolShift(INT32 Chip, INT32 nShift)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACSetVolShift called without init\n"));
+	if (Chip > NumChips) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACSetVolShift called with invalid chip number %x\n"), Chip);
+#endif
+
 	if (Chip == 0) Chip0->nVolShift = nShift;
 	if (Chip == 1) Chip1->nVolShift = nShift;
 	if (Chip == 2) Chip2->nVolShift = nShift;
@@ -206,6 +227,10 @@ void DACSetVolShift(INT32 Chip, INT32 nShift)
 
 void DACReset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACReset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	Chip0->Output = 0;
 	if (NumChips >= 2) Chip1->Output = 0;
 	if (NumChips >= 3) Chip2->Output = 0;
@@ -218,6 +243,10 @@ void DACReset()
 
 void DACExit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACExit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (Chip0) {
 		free(Chip0);
 		Chip0 = NULL;
@@ -259,10 +288,16 @@ void DACExit()
 	}
 	
 	NumChips = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_DACInitted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 DACScan(INT32 nAction,INT32 *pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_DACInitted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("DACScan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 	char szName[16];
 	
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/es5506.cpp b/src/burn/sound/es5506.cpp
index 56cf3ea0f..d8e529465 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/es5506.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/es5506.cpp
@@ -853,6 +853,10 @@ static void generate_samples(INT32 *left, INT32 *right, INT32 samples)
 //static STREAM_UPDATE( es5506_update )
 void ES5506Update(INT16 *pBuffer, INT32 samples)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5506Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = (es5506_state *)param;
 	INT32 *lsrc = chip->scratch, *rsrc = chip->scratch;
 //	short *ldest = &pBuffer[0];
@@ -909,6 +913,8 @@ void ES5506Update(INT16 *pBuffer, INT32 samples)
 
 static void es5506_start_common(INT32 clock, UINT8* region0, UINT8* region1, UINT8* region2, UINT8* region3, irq_callback callback, INT32 sndtype)
 {
+	DebugSnd_ES5506Initted = 1;
+
 //	const es5506_interface *intf = (const es5506_interface *)config;
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	INT32 j;
@@ -1018,6 +1024,10 @@ void ES5506Init(INT32 clock, UINT8* region0, UINT8* region1, UINT8* region2, UIN
 
 void ES5506Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5506Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	/* debugging */
 	if (LOG_COMMANDS && eslog)
 	{
@@ -1036,11 +1046,16 @@ void ES5506Exit()
 	}
 }
 #endif
+
+	DebugSnd_ES5506Initted = 0;
 }
 
 
 void ES5506Reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5506Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -1316,6 +1331,10 @@ ES5506_INLINE void es5506_reg_write_test(UINT32 offset, UINT32 data)
 //WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( es5506_w )
 void ES5506Write(UINT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5506Write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	es5506_voice *voice = &chip->voice[chip->current_page & 0x1f];
 	INT32 shift = 8 * (offset & 3);
@@ -1526,6 +1545,10 @@ ES5506_INLINE UINT32 es5506_reg_read_test(UINT32 offset)
 //READ8_DEVICE_HANDLER( es5506_r )
 UINT8 ES5506Read(UINT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5506Read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	es5506_voice *voice = &chip->voice[chip->current_page & 0x1f];
 	INT32 shift = 8 * (offset & 3);
@@ -1559,6 +1582,10 @@ UINT8 ES5506Read(UINT32 offset)
 
 void es5506_voice_bank_w(INT32 voice, INT32 bank)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es5506_voice_bank_w called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	chip->voice[voice].exbank=bank;
 }
@@ -1959,6 +1986,10 @@ ES5506_INLINE void es5505_reg_write_test(UINT32 offset, UINT16 data)
 //WRITE16_DEVICE_HANDLER( es5505_w )
 void ES5505Write(UINT32 offset, UINT16 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5505Write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	es5506_voice *voice = &chip->voice[chip->current_page & 0x1f];
 
@@ -2171,6 +2202,10 @@ ES5506_INLINE UINT16 es5505_reg_read_test(UINT32 offset)
 //READ16_DEVICE_HANDLER( es5505_r )
 UINT16 ES5505Read(UINT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ES5505Read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 	es5506_voice *voice = &chip->voice[chip->current_page & 0x1f];
 	UINT16 result = 0;
@@ -2200,6 +2235,10 @@ UINT16 ES5505Read(UINT32 offset)
 
 void es5505_voice_bank_w(INT32 voice, INT32 bank)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES5506Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es5505_voice_bank_w called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	es5506_state *chip = get_safe_token(device);
 #if RAINE_CHECK
 	chip->voice[voice].control = CONTROL_STOPMASK;
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/es8712.cpp b/src/burn/sound/es8712.cpp
index 76f0ac43a..3a1bf94cb 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/es8712.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/es8712.cpp
@@ -177,6 +177,10 @@ static void generate_adpcm(INT16 *buffer, INT32 samples)
 
 void es8712Update(INT32 device, INT16 *buffer, INT32 samples)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -211,6 +215,8 @@ void es8712Update(INT32 device, INT16 *buffer, INT32 samples)
 
 void es8712Init(INT32 device, UINT8 *rom, INT32 sample_rate, float volume, INT32 addSignal)
 {
+	DebugSnd_ES8712Initted = 1;
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -245,6 +251,10 @@ void es8712Init(INT32 device, UINT8 *rom, INT32 sample_rate, float volume, INT32
 
 void es8712Exit(INT32 device)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -255,6 +265,8 @@ void es8712Exit(INT32 device)
 		free (tbuf[device]);
 		tbuf[device] = NULL;
 	}
+	
+	DebugSnd_ES8712Initted = 0;
 }
 
 /*************************************************************************************
@@ -265,6 +277,10 @@ void es8712Exit(INT32 device)
 
 void es8712Reset(INT32 device)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -286,6 +302,10 @@ void es8712Reset(INT32 device)
 
 void es8712SetBankBase(INT32 device, INT32 base)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712SetBankBase called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -302,6 +322,10 @@ void es8712SetBankBase(INT32 device, INT32 base)
 
 void es8712Play(INT32 device)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Play called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -358,6 +382,10 @@ void es8712Play(INT32 device)
 
 void es8712Write(INT32 device, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return;
 
 	chip = &chips[device];
@@ -395,6 +423,10 @@ void es8712Write(INT32 device, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 
 INT32 es8712Scan(INT32 device, INT32 nAction)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ES8712Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("es8712Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (device >= MAX_ES8712_CHIPS) return 1;
 
 	if (nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA) {
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/ics2115.cpp b/src/burn/sound/ics2115.cpp
index 98627bebc..cfd5599e5 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/ics2115.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/ics2115.cpp
@@ -106,6 +106,10 @@ static void recalc_timer(INT32 timer)
 
 UINT16 ics2115read_reg(UINT8 reg)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115read_reg called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	switch (reg) {
 	case 0x0d: // [osc] Volume Enveloppe Control
 		return 0x100;
@@ -142,6 +146,10 @@ UINT16 ics2115read_reg(UINT8 reg)
 
 void ics2115write_reg(UINT8 reg, UINT8 data, INT32 msb)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115write_reg called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	bprintf(PRINT_NORMAL, _T("ics2115write_reg(%02x, %02x, %d);  %4.1f%%\n"), reg, data, msb, 6.0 * ZetTotalCycles() / 8468.0 ); 
 	
 	switch (reg) {
@@ -237,6 +245,10 @@ void ics2115write_reg(UINT8 reg, UINT8 data, INT32 msb)
 
 UINT8 ics2115read(UINT8 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	switch ( offset ) {
 	case 0x00: {
 		UINT8 res = 0;
@@ -262,6 +274,10 @@ UINT8 ics2115read(UINT8 offset)
 
 void ics2115write(UINT8 offset, UINT8 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	switch (offset) {
 	case 0x01:
 		chip->reg = data;
@@ -279,6 +295,8 @@ void ics2115write(UINT8 offset, UINT8 data)
 
 INT32 ics2115_init()
 {
+	DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted = 1;
+	
 	chip = (struct ics2115 *) malloc( sizeof(struct ics2115) );	// ICS2115V
 	if (chip == NULL) return 1;
 	
@@ -290,6 +308,10 @@ INT32 ics2115_init()
 
 void ics2115_exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (chip) {
 		free( chip );
 		chip = NULL;
@@ -306,6 +328,8 @@ void ics2115_exit()
 		free( sndbuffer );
 		sndbuffer = NULL;
 	}
+	
+	DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted = 0;
 }
 
 static void recalculate_ulaw()
@@ -322,6 +346,10 @@ static void recalculate_ulaw()
 
 void ics2115_reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	memset(chip, 0, sizeof(struct ics2115));
 
 	chip->rom = ICSSNDROM;
@@ -346,6 +374,10 @@ void ics2115_reset()
 
 UINT16 ics2115_soundlatch_r(INT32 i)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_soundlatch_r called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	bprintf(PRINT_NORMAL, _T("soundlatch_r(%d)  %4.1f%% of frame\n"), i, 6.0 * SekTotalCycles() / 20000.0 ); 
 	bSoundlatchRead[i] = 1;
 	return nSoundlatch[i];
@@ -353,6 +385,10 @@ UINT16 ics2115_soundlatch_r(INT32 i)
 
 void ics2115_soundlatch_w(INT32 i, UINT16 d)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_soundlatch_w called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 //	if  ( !bSoundlatchRead[i] && nSoundlatch[i] != d )
 //		bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("soundlatch_w(%d, %04x)  %4.1f%% of frame\n"), i, d, 6.0 * SekTotalCycles() / 20000.0);
 //	else
@@ -363,12 +399,20 @@ void ics2115_soundlatch_w(INT32 i, UINT16 d)
 
 void ics2115_frame()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_frame called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (chip->timer[0].active ) timer_cb_0();
 	if (chip->timer[1].active ) timer_cb_1();	
 }
 
 void ics2115_update(INT32 /*length*/)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 rec_irq = 0;
 	
 	//short* pSoundBuf = pBurnSoundOut;
@@ -430,6 +474,10 @@ void ics2115_update(INT32 /*length*/)
 
 void ics2115_scan(INT32 nAction,INT32 * /*pnMin*/)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_ICS2115Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("ics2115_scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 	
 	if ( nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA ) {
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/iremga20.cpp b/src/burn/sound/iremga20.cpp
index 3f5042ddc..eb234fd05 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/iremga20.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/iremga20.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ static UINT32 computed_steps;
 
 void iremga20_update(INT32 device, INT16 *buffer, INT32 length)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 	UINT32 rate[4], pos[4], frac[4], end[4], vol[4], play[4];
 	UINT8 *pSamples;
@@ -138,6 +142,10 @@ void iremga20_update(INT32 device, INT16 *buffer, INT32 length)
 
 void iremga20_write(INT32 device, INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 
 	INT32 channel = offset >> 3;
@@ -180,6 +188,10 @@ void iremga20_write(INT32 device, INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 
 UINT8 iremga20_read(INT32 device, INT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 
 	switch (offset & 0x7)
@@ -196,6 +208,10 @@ UINT8 iremga20_read(INT32 device, INT32 offset)
 
 void iremga20_reset(INT32 device)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 
 	for(INT32 i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
@@ -217,6 +233,8 @@ void iremga20_reset(INT32 device)
 
 void iremga20_init(INT32 device, UINT8 *rom, INT32 rom_size, INT32 frequency)
 {
+	DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted = 1;
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 
 	/* Initialize our chip structure */
@@ -231,11 +249,19 @@ void iremga20_init(INT32 device, UINT8 *rom, INT32 rom_size, INT32 frequency)
 
 void iremga20_exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
 
+	DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 iremga20_scan(INT32 device, INT32 nAction, INT32 *pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_IremGA20Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("iremga20_scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	chip = &chips[device];
 
 	struct BurnArea ba;
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/k007232.cpp b/src/burn/sound/k007232.cpp
index 065d76cd8..4e8036747 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/k007232.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/k007232.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ static INT32 *Right = NULL;
 
 void K007232Update(INT32 chip, INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nLength)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 i;
 
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
@@ -104,6 +108,10 @@ void K007232Update(INT32 chip, INT16* pSoundBuf, INT32 nLength)
 
 UINT8 K007232ReadReg(INT32 chip, INT32 r)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232ReadReg called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32  ch = 0;
 
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
@@ -126,6 +134,10 @@ UINT8 K007232ReadReg(INT32 chip, INT32 r)
 
 void K007232WriteReg(INT32 chip, INT32 r, INT32 v)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232WriteReg called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 Data;
 
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
@@ -175,6 +187,10 @@ void K007232WriteReg(INT32 chip, INT32 r, INT32 v)
 
 void K007232SetPortWriteHandler(INT32 chip, void (*Handler)(INT32 v))
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232SetPortWriteHandler called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
 	Ptr  = &Pointers[chip];
 
@@ -188,6 +204,8 @@ static void KDAC_A_make_fncode()
 
 void K007232Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *pPCMData, INT32 PCMDataSize)
 {
+	DebugSnd_K007232Initted = 1;
+	
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
 	Ptr  = &Pointers[chip];
 
@@ -229,6 +247,10 @@ void K007232Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *pPCMData, INT32 PCMDataSize)
 
 void K007232Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (Left) {
 		free(Left);
 		Left = NULL;
@@ -237,11 +259,17 @@ void K007232Exit()
 	if (Right) {
 		free(Right);
 		Right = NULL;
-	}	
+	}
+	
+	DebugSnd_K007232Initted = 0;
 }
 
 INT32 K007232Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32 *pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 	char szName[32];
 
@@ -265,6 +293,10 @@ INT32 K007232Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32 *pnMin)
 
 void K007232SetVolume(INT32 chip, INT32 channel,INT32 volumeA,INT32 volumeB)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K007232SetVolume called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
 
 	Chip->vol[channel][0] = volumeA;
@@ -273,6 +305,10 @@ void K007232SetVolume(INT32 chip, INT32 channel,INT32 volumeA,INT32 volumeB)
 
 void k007232_set_bank(INT32 chip, INT32 chABank, INT32 chBBank )
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K007232Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("k007232_set_bank called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	Chip = &Chips[chip];
 
 	Chip->bank[0] = chABank<<17;
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/k051649.cpp b/src/burn/sound/k051649.cpp
index 8251d71af..670636e9b 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/k051649.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/k051649.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ static void make_mixer_table(INT32 voices)
 /* generate sound to the mix buffer */
 void K051649Update(INT16 *pBuf, INT32 samples)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	k051649_sound_channel *voice=info->channel_list;
 	INT16 *mix;
@@ -143,6 +147,8 @@ void K051649Update(INT16 *pBuf, INT32 samples)
 
 void K051649Init(INT32 clock, float gain)
 {
+	DebugSnd_K051649Initted = 1;
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 
 	/* get stream channels */
@@ -161,6 +167,10 @@ void K051649Init(INT32 clock, float gain)
 
 void K051659Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 
 	if (info->mixer_buffer) {
@@ -174,10 +184,16 @@ void K051659Exit()
 	}
 	
 	nUpdateStep = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_K051649Initted = 0;
 }
 
 void K051649Reset()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	k051649_sound_channel *voice = info->channel_list;
 	INT32 i;
@@ -192,6 +208,10 @@ void K051649Reset()
 
 INT32 K051649Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32 *pnMin)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 
 	if ((nAction & ACB_DRIVER_DATA) == 0) {
@@ -221,6 +241,10 @@ INT32 K051649Scan(INT32 nAction, INT32 *pnMin)
 
 void K051649WaveformWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649WaveformWrite called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	info->channel_list[offset>>5].waveform[offset&0x1f]=data;
 	/* SY 20001114: Channel 5 shares the waveform with channel 4 */
@@ -228,8 +252,12 @@ void K051649WaveformWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 		info->channel_list[4].waveform[offset&0x1f]=data;
 }
 
-unsigned char K051649WaveformRead(INT32 offset)
+UINT8 K051649WaveformRead(INT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649WaveformRead called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	return info->channel_list[offset>>5].waveform[offset&0x1f];
 }
@@ -237,6 +265,10 @@ unsigned char K051649WaveformRead(INT32 offset)
 /* SY 20001114: Channel 5 doesn't share the waveform with channel 4 on this chip */
 void K052539WaveformWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K052539WaveformWrite called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 
 	info->channel_list[offset>>5].waveform[offset&0x1f]=data;
@@ -244,6 +276,10 @@ void K052539WaveformWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 
 void K051649VolumeWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649VolumeWrite called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 
 	info->channel_list[offset&0x7].volume=data&0xf;
@@ -251,6 +287,10 @@ void K051649VolumeWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 
 void K051649FrequencyWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649FrequencyWrite called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	info->f[offset]=data;
 
@@ -259,6 +299,10 @@ void K051649FrequencyWrite(INT32 offset, INT32 data)
 
 void K051649KeyonoffWrite(INT32 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K051649Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K051649KeyonoffWrite called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[0];
 	info->channel_list[0].key=data&1;
 	info->channel_list[1].key=data&2;
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/k053260.cpp b/src/burn/sound/k053260.cpp
index 4a6f99780..317f3198d 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/k053260.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/k053260.cpp
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ static void InitDeltaTable(INT32 rate, INT32 clock ) {
 
 void K053260Reset(INT32 chip)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	ic = &Chips[chip];
 
 	for(INT32 i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
@@ -95,6 +99,10 @@ K053260_INLINE INT32 limit( INT32 val, INT32 max, INT32 min ) {
 
 void K053260Update(INT32 chip, INT16 *pBuf, INT32 length)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	static const INT32 dpcmcnv[] = { 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64, -128, -64, -32, -16, -8, -4, -2, -1};
 
 	INT32 i, j, lvol[4], rvol[4], play[4], loop[4], ppcm_data[4], ppcm[4];
@@ -194,6 +202,8 @@ void K053260Update(INT32 chip, INT16 *pBuf, INT32 length)
 
 void K053260Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *rom, INT32 nLen)
 {
+	DebugSnd_K053260Initted = 1;
+	
 	ic = &Chips[chip];
 	memset (ic, 0, sizeof(k053260_chip_def));
 
@@ -222,6 +232,10 @@ void K053260Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *rom, INT32 nLen)
 
 void K053260Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	for (INT32 i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 		ic = &Chips[i];
 
@@ -232,6 +246,8 @@ void K053260Exit()
 	}
 	
 	nUpdateStep = 0;
+	
+	DebugSnd_K053260Initted = 0;
 }
 
 K053260_INLINE void check_bounds(INT32 channel ) {
@@ -252,6 +268,10 @@ K053260_INLINE void check_bounds(INT32 channel ) {
 
 void K053260Write(INT32 chip, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	INT32 i, t;
 	INT32 r = offset;
 	INT32 v = data;
@@ -366,6 +386,10 @@ void K053260Write(INT32 chip, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 
 UINT8 K053260Read(INT32 chip, INT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	ic = & Chips[chip];
 
 	switch ( offset ) {
@@ -401,6 +425,10 @@ UINT8 K053260Read(INT32 chip, INT32 offset)
 
 INT32 K053260Scan(INT32 nAction)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K053260Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K053260Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 	char szName[32];
 
diff --git a/src/burn/sound/k054539.cpp b/src/burn/sound/k054539.cpp
index 6875d9b0a..2ee634bb6 100644
--- a/src/burn/sound/k054539.cpp
+++ b/src/burn/sound/k054539.cpp
@@ -62,35 +62,59 @@ static INT32 *soundbuf[2];
 
 void K054539_init_flags(INT32 chip, INT32 flags)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539_init_flags called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 	info->k054539_flags = flags;
 }
 
 void K054539_set_gain(INT32 chip, INT32 channel, double gain)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539_set_gain called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 	if (gain >= 0) info->k054539_gain[channel] = gain;
 }
 
 static INT32 k054539_regupdate()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539_regupdate called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	return !(info->regs[0x22f] & 0x80);
 }
 
 static void k054539_keyon(INT32 channel)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539_keyon called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if(k054539_regupdate())
 		info->regs[0x22c] |= 1 << channel;
 }
 
 static void k054539_keyoff(INT32 channel)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539_keyoff called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if(k054539_regupdate())
 		info->regs[0x22c] &= ~(1 << channel);
 }
 
 void K054539Write(INT32 chip, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Write called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 
 	INT32 latch, offs, ch, pan;
@@ -178,6 +202,10 @@ void K054539Write(INT32 chip, INT32 offset, UINT8 data)
 
 UINT8 K054539Read(INT32 chip, INT32 offset)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Read called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 
 	switch(offset) {
@@ -203,6 +231,10 @@ UINT8 K054539Read(INT32 chip, INT32 offset)
 
 void K054539Reset(INT32 chip)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Reset called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 	INT32 data = info->regs[0x22e];
 	info->cur_zone =
@@ -240,6 +272,8 @@ static void k054539_init_chip(INT32 clock, UINT8 *rom, INT32 nLen)
 
 void K054539Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *rom, INT32 nLen)
 {
+	DebugSnd_K054539Initted = 1;
+	
 	static const k054539_interface defintrf = { 0, 0 };
 	INT32 i;
 
@@ -269,6 +303,10 @@ void K054539Init(INT32 chip, INT32 clock, UINT8 *rom, INT32 nLen)
 
 void K054539Exit()
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Exit called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	if (soundbuf[0] != NULL) {
 		free (soundbuf[0]);
 		soundbuf[0] = NULL;
@@ -286,10 +324,16 @@ void K054539Exit()
 			info->ram = NULL;
 		}
 	}
+	
+	DebugSnd_K054539Initted = 0;
 }
 
 void K054539Update(INT32 chip, INT16 *pBuf, INT32 length)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Update called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	info = &Chips[chip];
 #define VOL_CAP 1.80
 
@@ -543,6 +587,10 @@ else
 
 INT32 K054539Scan(INT32 nAction)
 {
+#if defined FBA_DEBUG
+	if (!DebugSnd_K054539Initted) bprintf(PRINT_ERROR, _T("K054539Scan called without init\n"));
+#endif
+
 	struct BurnArea ba;
 	char szName[32];