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Thomas Huth
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3296 lines
132 KiB
HTML
3296 lines
132 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Hatari User's Manual</title>
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<meta name="description"
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content="User's manual for the Atari ST emulator Hatari" />
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<meta name="author" content="Hatari development team" />
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<meta name="keywords" content="hatari, documentation, manual, linux" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<link href="manual.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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<script src="toc.js"></script>
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<style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 class="pageheader">Hatari User's Manual</h1>
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<p class="pageheader">
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Version 2.5.0, April 2024
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</p>
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<p class="pageheader">
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Manual written by: <strong>Thomas Huth</strong>, <strong>Matthias Arndt</strong>
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& <strong>Eero Tamminen</strong>
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</p>
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<p class="pageheader">
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Hatari on the WWW:
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<strong>
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<a href="https://www.hatari-emu.org/">https://www.hatari-emu.org/</a>
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</strong>
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</p>
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<h2 class="no-TOC">Index</h2>
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<div id="generated-toc">
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<!-- The TOC is generated automatically via JavaScript -->
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</div>
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<h3>General description</h3>
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<p>
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Hatari is an Atari ST, STE, TT and Falcon emulator for Linux, *BSD, macOS,
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Windows and other Systems which are supported by the SDL library.
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The emulator is open source software and is distributed under the terms of the
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GNU General
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Public License (GPL)</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Atari ST was a 16/32-bit computer system which was first released by Atari
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in 1985. Using the Motorola 68000 CPU, it was a very popular computer having
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quite a lot of CPU power at that time. See Appendix B for details on emulation
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in general.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unlike many other Atari emulators which try to give you a good
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environment for running GEM applications, Hatari tries to emulate the hardware
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as close as possible so that it is able to run most of the old games
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and demos. Of course you can run normal GEM applications with Hatari, too.
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</p>
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<h3>Atari hardware differences matrix</h3>
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<p>Table of hardware features belonging to each Atari machine, except for the HW
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common to all (FDC, IKBD, MFP, MIDI, PSG, RS-232...).</p>
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<table class="keytable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" >
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<thead>
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<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
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<td class="hwfeat">Feature:</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">ST</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">MegaST</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">STE</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">MegaSTE</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">TT</td>
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<td style="width:6%;">Falcon</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Notes:</td>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="7" class="hwsubdiv">Audio HW:</td>
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<td class="hwnote">X = stock machine configuration</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">56001 DSP</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Microphone</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Microwire/LMC1992</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Stereo DMA</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="7" class="hwsubdiv">Graphics HW:</td><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Blitter</td>
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<td>[x]</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">[x] = add-on, supported since TOS 1.02</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Color grades</td>
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<td>512</td><td>512</td><td>4096</td><td>4096</td><td>4096</td><td>262144</td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Max. palette size</td>
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<td>16</td><td>16</td><td>16</td><td>16</td><td>256</td><td>256</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Falcon also has a 16-bit high-color non-indexed mode</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Horizontal scrolling</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Only possible with tricks on the normal ST</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Videl</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Hatari Videl emulation is not complete</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="7" class="hwsubdiv">Hard disk interfaces:</td>
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<td class="hwnote">You need a hard-disk driver for using these with normal TOS</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">ACSI</td>
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<td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">IDE</td>
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<td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>[2]</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">
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[1] = add-on, requires EmuTOS or TOS 2.06 for booting<br/>
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[2] = add-on, requires EmuTOS for booting</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">SCSI</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Hatari support is incomplete, defaults to SCSI v1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="7" class="hwsubdiv">Other HW features:</td><td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Second MFP</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td>
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<td class="hwnote">A.k.a. TT-MFP</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">MMU</td>
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<td>[x]</td><td>[x]</td><td>[x]</td><td>[x]</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">[x] = Needs 68030+ CPU, requires 512k/1024k EmuTOS or TOS 2.06</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">FPU</td>
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<td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>[1]</td><td>X</td><td>[2]</td>
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<td class="hwnote">
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[1] = Memory mapped FPU add-ons, not supported by Hatari<br>
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[2] = 68881/68882 FPU through CPU coprocessor interface</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">NVRAM</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">Real Time Clock</td>
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<td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">The Mega RTC is different from the Falcon/TT RTC</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">SCC A/B serial</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Full support, including LAN port on MegaSTE/TT</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">TT-RAM +<br/>32-bit addressing</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>[x]</td>
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<td class="hwnote">[x] = Hatari patches TT-RAM support to TOS v4.04</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="hwfeat">VME bus</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td>
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<td class="hwnote">This expansion bus is not supported by Hatari</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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<tfoot>
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<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
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<td class="hwfeat">Feature</td>
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<td>ST</td>
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<td>MegaST</td>
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<td>STE</td>
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<td>MegaSTE</td>
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<td>TT</td>
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<td>Falcon</td>
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<td class="hwnote">Notes</td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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</table>
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<p>(EmuTOS v1.3+ included with Hatari binary packages supports
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all Atari HW except for Falcon 16-bit Videl TrueColor mode.)</p>
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<h3>Features</h3>
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<h4>Emulator features</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>scaling any resolution to any size (using the SDL2 scaling)</li>
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<li>interleaved lines rendering with TV "monitor type"
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for ST-medium and (scaled) ST-low resolutions</li>
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<li>joystick and joypad emulation via cursor keys and
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connected PC joysticks</li>
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<li>GEMDOS interface driver to mount host directories
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as hard drives (with optional write-protection)</li>
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<li>support for auto-starting Atari programs, and installing
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Hatari as handler for them + floppy disk images</li>
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<li>support for (MSA, GZip and Zip) compressed floppy disk images
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(with optional write-protection)</li>
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<li>support for whole system state snapshot save/restore</li>
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<li>driver for extended VDI resolutions</li>
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<li>sound recording as .WAV or .YM files</li>
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<li>screenshots in PNG, BMP, NEO or XIMG format</li>
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<li>AVI video capture with sound</li>
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<li>emulation speedup, slowdown and pause support</li>
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<li>Built-in <a href="debugger.html">debugger and profiler</a>
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with readline command completion, and tracing for
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all system calls and many HW events</li>
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<li>emulator control from Atari programs through NatFeats API,
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and from the host through a command FIFO or a socket</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>CPU / FPU emulation</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>68000 - 68060 and MMU emulation</li>
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<li>cycle-accurate 68000 emulation, and several options for
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disabling CPU accuracy for performance</li>
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<li>68881, 68882 and 68040/060 internal FPU emulation, either using
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host FPU (default, faster), or emulating them more accurately
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in SW</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>ST hardware emulation</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>ST RAM from 512kiB up to 14MiB</li>
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<li>optional cartridge images for the ST ROM port</li>
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<li>ST Shifter with ST-High, ST-Medium and ST-Low resolutions,
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overscan effects for all borders in color resolutions</li>
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<li>512 color ST palette</li>
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<li>Spec512 mode support for low and medium resolutions</li>
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<li>many raster effects</li>
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<li>Ricoh chipset and add-on Blitter chip emulation</li>
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<li>PSG YM2149 emulation (soundchip) including STFM samples</li>
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<li>Printer port emulation on hardware level (print to file)</li>
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<li>RS232 emulation</li>
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<li>MIDI input/output/through emulation</li>
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<li>IKBD emulation (keyboard, mouse and joystick) with custom
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keyboard mapping</li>
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<li>FDC (floppy disk controller) emulation using floppy disk images
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in standard formats (*.ST, *.MSA, *.DIM and *.STX)</li>
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<li>FDC emulation via the IPF support library for using
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*.IPF, *.RAW and *.CTR images</li>
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<li>ACSI emulation for hard drive support (with basic support for extended
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host adapter protocol to access disks > 1 GB)</li>
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<li>TOS versions 1.00, 1.02, 1.04 and 2.06 (and EmuTOS) can be used in ST mode.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Mega ST hardware emulation</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Builtin real time clock (RTC)</li>
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<li>IMP chipset instead of Ricoh one</li>
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<li>TOS versions 1.02, 1.04 and 2.06 (and EmuTOS) can be used in Mega ST mode.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>STE hardware emulation</h4>
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<p>There is support for following additional STE features:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Blitter chip emulation</li>
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<li>horizontal and vertical hardware fine scrolling</li>
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<li>split screen techniques / in-screen video address manipulations</li>
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<li>(STE specific) left border opening</li>
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<li>4096 colors STE palette</li>
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<li>Stereo DMA sample sound</li>
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<li>Microwire/LMC1992 emulation</li>
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<li>STE joypads (a.k.a. JagPad / PowerPad)</li>
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<li>TOS versions 1.06, 1.62, 2.05 and 2.06 (and EmuTOS) can be used in STE mode.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Mega STE hardware emulation</h4>
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<p>There is support for following additional features in Mega STE
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and later HW:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Builtin real time clock (RTC)</li>
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<li>DD/HD mode and DIP switch registers</li>
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<li>Experimental Mega STE/TT/Falcon SCC channel B serial port support (incomplete)</li>
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<li>TOS versions 2.05 and 2.06 (and EmuTOS) can be used in Mega STE mode.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>TT hardware emulation</h4>
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<p>There is support for following additional TT features:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>TT low/med/high resolution support</li>
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<li>Second (TT) MFP chip</li>
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<li>ST/TT palette switching and video shifter</li>
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<li>Up to 1024 MiB of TT-RAM and 32-bit memory addressing</li>
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<li>Only TOS version 3.05 and 3.06 (and 512k/1024k EmuTOS) can be used in TT mode.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Falcon hardware emulation</h4>
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<p>There is support for following additional Falcon features:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Partial Videl and Videl borders emulation for all Falcon screen modes</li>
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<li>STE/Falcon palette switching and shifter</li>
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<li>Mono/RGB/VGA/TV monitor types</li>
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<li>DSP co-processor emulation</li>
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<li>Up to 14 MiB of ST-RAM and 1024 MiB of TT-RAM</li>
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<li>Experimental microphone (jack) emulation</li>
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<li>Experimental Crossbar sound matrix (ADC (mic & PSG), DAC, DMA, DSP)
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interconnect emulation + support for the additional DMA sound
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sample rates</li>
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<li>Experimental IDE master and slave emulation for hard drive support</li>
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<li>Experimental NCR5380 SCSI emulation for hard drive support (incomplete)</li>
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<li>TOS versions 4.00, 4.02, 4.04 and 4.92 (and 512k/1024k EmuTOS) can be used in Falcon
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mode. There is also experimental support for TOS 2.07 (the "Sparrow"-TOS),
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and for <a href="m68k-linux.txt">Linux</a>, but they are not recommended
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for use yet</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Both TT and Falcon emulation support NVRAM for persistent OS configuration
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and RTC (real time clock).
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</p>
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<p>See the developers' <span class="file">doc/todo.txt</span> file
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(included with Hatari sources) for the details on the few remaining
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emulation gaps and the <a href="compatibility.html">Hatari Atari
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Software Compatibility List</a> for which Atari programs are known
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to be affected by them.</p>
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|
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<h3>System requirements</h3>
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<p>
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Hatari needs a fast machine (1 GHz or more for ST/STE emulation, > 2 GHz
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for Falcon emulation) which is running a POSIX compatible operating system
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(preferably GNU/Linux) that supports the SDL library.
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There are also some ports to other operating systems like macOS or Windows,
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but they are not used by the developers, so such builds are normally not very
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well tested.
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</p>
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<h2>Compiling and running</h2>
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<h3>Compiling Hatari</h3>
|
|
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<p>Required:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>A C compiler that supports the "gnu99" C extensions. Thus any recent
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versions of GCC or clang should be fine.</li>
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<li>A working CMake installation (version 3.3 or newer). See
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<a href="http://www.cmake.org/">http://www.cmake.org/</a> for details.
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</li>
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<li>The SDL library v2.0.6 or newer. You can get it from
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<a href="http://www.libsdl.org/">http://www.libsdl.org/</a>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Optional:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The zLib compression library for supporting compressed disk images. You
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can get it from <a href="https://zlib.net/">https://zlib.net/</a>.
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</li>
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<li>The PNG image library for PNG format screenshots and to
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decrease AVI video recording file sizes. You can get it from
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<a href="http://www.libpng.org/">http://www.libpng.org/</a>.</li>
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<li>The GNU Readline library for <a href="debugger.html">Hatari debugger</a>
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command line editing.</li>
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<li>The Xlib library to support Hatari Python UI window embedding
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on systems with the X window system (Linux and other unixes).</li>
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<li>The PortMidi library required for MIDI device support on macOS and Windows
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<a href="http://portmedia.sourceforge.net/">http://portmedia.sourceforge.net/</a>.</li>
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<li>The udev library for NatFeats SCSI driver media change detection (Linux).</li>
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<li>The IPF support library
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<a href="http://www.softpres.org/download">http://www.softpres.org/download</a>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
|
|
The versions available in your Linux distribution will be sufficient
|
|
in most cases, but make sure you have also the header files installed
|
|
for the libraries as well! Typically they are in a corresponding -dev
|
|
package.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
After you have verified that you have the required libraries and their
|
|
development files, change to the <span class="file">hatari/</span>
|
|
directory. Create a <span class="file">build/</span> directory under
|
|
it and configure the build system for your environment:
|
|
<pre>
|
|
mkdir -p build
|
|
cd build
|
|
cmake ..
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Then compile Hatari by typing <span class="commandline">make</span>.
|
|
If all works fine, you'll get the executable <span class="commandline">hatari</span>
|
|
in the src/ subdirectory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note: Instead of calling CMake directly, you can also use the supplied
|
|
configure script to run CMake and to give the arguments (like install
|
|
prefix) in a format familiar from GNU Autotools using programs. Type
|
|
"<span class="commandline">./configure --help</span>"
|
|
to see all the options supported by this script.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Installation of a TOS ROM</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Before you can start Hatari, you have to copy a TOS ROM image to the data
|
|
directory (<span class="file"><prefix>/share/hatari/</span>, by
|
|
default <span class="file">/usr/local/share/hatari/</span>) and
|
|
rename it to <span class="commandline">tos.img</span>, or use the
|
|
<span class="commandline">--tos</span> command line option to tell
|
|
Hatari where to find a TOS ROM.
|
|
Hatari needs a TOS ROM image because this contains the operating system
|
|
of the emulated Atari.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Unfortunately it is not possible to ship an original ROM
|
|
image with the Hatari package since these images are still copyrighted.
|
|
But you can easily create an image with a real Atari machine and one of
|
|
those various ROM-image programs for them (search for "TOSDUMP" with your
|
|
favourite internet search engine).</p>
|
|
<p> Another solution is EmuTOS, which is also shipped with the official
|
|
release versions of Hatari. EmuTOS is an open-source TOS clone. You can find
|
|
it at:
|
|
<a href="https://emutos.sourceforge.io/">https://emutos.sourceforge.io/</a>.
|
|
While it works fine with most Atari software, it is not the best
|
|
solution for Falcon emulation due to missing TrueColor mode support,
|
|
or for playing old (disk only) games and other software tied to
|
|
specific TOS version(s) (see <span class="file">emutos.txt</span>
|
|
for more details).
|
|
However, it is free, its 1024k version supports all Atari machines
|
|
emulated by Hatari, it supports more languages than original TOS, does
|
|
not require a driver to support harddisk images, and it boots faster
|
|
than original TOS.</p>
|
|
<p>If you do not specify a TOS image on the commandline and Hatari
|
|
cannot find a suitable TOS image in the default dir, you'll get the
|
|
chance to select a TOS image file from the GUI. </p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Installation of the binary</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> Type <span class="commandline">make install</span> as "root" user to
|
|
do a systemwide installation.</p>
|
|
<p>Assuming you didn't change the default installation prefix and that
|
|
<span class="file">/usr/local/bin/</span> is in your PATH, you should
|
|
be now able to start the Hatari executable from anywhere.</p>
|
|
<p> When you finally have got a TOS image, try starting Hatari with the
|
|
option <span class="commandline">--help</span> to find out more about
|
|
its command line parameters. </p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Running Hatari for the first time</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> Now type <span class="commandline">hatari</span> to run the
|
|
emulator for the first time. If all goes
|
|
well, you should now be presented with a window showing you the
|
|
familiar
|
|
little green desktop of the Atari ST. Press <span class="key">F12</span>
|
|
to turn on the GUI to
|
|
configure Hatari to suit your needs, press <span class="key">F11</span>
|
|
to toggle windowed and fullscreen mode. </p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Configuration options precedence</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Hatari settings can come from several sources, with later ones
|
|
overriding the earlier given ones:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Builtin Hatari default options</li>
|
|
<li>Global <span class="commandline">/etc/hatari.cfg</span>
|
|
(or <span class="commandline">/usr/local/etc/hatari.cfg</span>)
|
|
configuration file</li>
|
|
<li>User specific <span class="commandline">~/.config/hatari/hatari.cfg</span>
|
|
configuration file</li>
|
|
<li>Command line arguments</li>
|
|
<li>Option changes done at run-time in Hatari options GUI, with the
|
|
<a href="debugger.html">Hatari debugger</a> "setopt" command, or through
|
|
the (optionally enabled) Hatari command FIFO or control socket</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Some of the run-time changes require emulation to be reset for them
|
|
to take effect. In most cases, Hatari will do that automatically when
|
|
needed.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Command line options and arguments</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Usage:</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
hatari [options] [disk image | directory | Atari program ]
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>As an argument one can give either a name of:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>A floppy disk image,</li>
|
|
<li>A directory that should be emulated as a virtual GEMDOS HD, or</li>
|
|
<li>An Atari program that should be autostarted. In this case
|
|
the program's directory will be used as the C: drive from
|
|
where this program will be started.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
(These arguments are shortcuts for "--disk-a", "--harddisk" and "--auto"
|
|
options listed below.)
|
|
|
|
<p>Booting will be done from the disk image or directory that's given
|
|
last on the command line as an option or the argument (and which
|
|
corresponds to A: or C:).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Hatari command line options are split into several categories:</p>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Generated from hatari.1 options section by changing subheaders to h3
|
|
and removing extra paragraphs:
|
|
groff -man -Thtml hatari.1 | sed -e 's/−/-/g' | tidy | awk '
|
|
/h2.OPTIONS/ { out = 1; next }
|
|
/COMMANDS/ { out = 0; next }
|
|
{ if(out) print }' \
|
|
| sed -e 's/h2/h3/g' -e 's/<b>//' -e 's/<\/b>//' \
|
|
-e 's/style="margin-left:11%;[^"]*"/class="parameter"/g' \
|
|
-e 's/style="margin-left:22%;"/class="paramdesc"/g'
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<h3>General options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-h,
|
|
--help</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Print command line options and
|
|
terminate</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-v,
|
|
--version</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Print version information and
|
|
terminate</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--confirm-quit
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Whether Hatari confirms quitting</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-c, --configfile
|
|
<filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Read additional configuration values from
|
|
<file>, these override values read from the global and
|
|
user configuration files
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-k, --keymap
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">load keyboard mapping from <file>.
|
|
"Symbolic" mapping will be used as fallback for keys not defined there
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--country <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Set EmuTOS ROM country code on Mega/ST/STe machines lacking NVRAM,
|
|
when EmuTOS indicates supporting multiple ones.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
In 512k EmuTOS images, country code selects the TOS keyboard layout
|
|
and screen refresh (US = 60Hz NTSC, 50Hz PAL otherwise). In 1024k
|
|
EmuTOS images (coming with Hatari binaries and supporting multiple
|
|
languages), country code selects also TOS language.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Alternatively, one can use "tos-lang-change" tool from EmuTOS project
|
|
to modify country code in the ROM image file itself. That works
|
|
also for TOS v4</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--layout <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set NVRAM keyboard layout value.
|
|
Set NVRAM keyboard layout value. While both TT and Falcon machines
|
|
have NVRAM, only TOS v4 and EmuTOS 512k / 1024k ROM versions support
|
|
multiple layouts.</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Regardless of whether keyboard layout change is done through the ROM
|
|
country code or NVRAM setting, it may impact your key mappings in
|
|
Hatari key mapping files, Hatari Python UI arguments, or key injection
|
|
in your automation scripts for Hatari debugger, command FIFO or
|
|
hconsole tool</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--language <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set NVRAM language value.
|
|
While both TT and Falcon machines have NVRAM, only TOS v4 and EmuTOS
|
|
1024k ROM versions support multiple languages. Default is taken from
|
|
the LANG environment variable
|
|
<p class="parameter">--fast-forward
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">On fast machine helps skipping (fast
|
|
forwarding) Hatari output</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--auto <program></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Autostarts given program, if TOS finds it.
|
|
Program needs to be given with full path it will have under
|
|
emulation, for example "C:\DIR\PROGRAM.PRG"</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Common display options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-m,
|
|
--mono</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Start in monochrome mode instead of
|
|
color</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--monitor
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select monitor type (x =
|
|
mono/rgb/vga/tv)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--tos-res <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select TOS resolution for color monitors
|
|
(x = low/med/high/ttlow/ttmed)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-f,
|
|
--fullscreen</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Start the emulator in fullscreen
|
|
mode</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-w, --window</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Start the emulator in windowed mode</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--grab</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Grab mouse (also) in windowed mode</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--resizable <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Allow window resizing</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">NOTE: this is supported only by Hatari SDL2 build</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--borders <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Show ST/STE/Falcon screen borders
|
|
(for low/med resolution overscan demos)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--frameskips
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Skip <x> frames after each
|
|
displayed frame to accelerate emulation (0=disabled, >4 uses
|
|
automatic frameskip with given value as maximum)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--slowdown <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Slow down emulation by factor of x
|
|
(used as multiplier for VBL wait time)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--statusbar
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Show statusbar (with floppy leds etc
|
|
etc)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--drive-led
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Show overlay drive led when statusbar
|
|
isn’t shown</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--max-width <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Preferred / maximum Hatari screen width</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--max-height <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Preferred / maximum Hatari screen height.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Maximum width and height options are part of Hatari's Atari monitor
|
|
emulation. They limit the size Hatari should aim for its internal SDL
|
|
framebuffer, and how much of the Atari screen borders are visible.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
On an SDL2 build, framebuffer is then scaled to the Hatari output
|
|
window based on the specified Hatari zoom factor (see below).
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Aim of this is to have all resolutions show up in approximately same
|
|
size, like on a real Atari monitor. Hatari's internal integer scaling
|
|
support sets some limits on this, so it's an expert option.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Note: Only reason to change the defaults, should be limiting this to a
|
|
smaller resolution for performance reasons, e.g. for video recording,
|
|
or on really underpowered systems, to make monitor do all of the
|
|
ST-low resolution scaling by forcing Hatari to ask SDL for CGA / QVGA
|
|
resolution.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-z, --zoom <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
This option overrides max width/height options so that e.g. ST-low
|
|
resolution gets always doubled, and all resolutions (except TT-high)
|
|
have approximately the same size, like on a real CRT monitor.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Zoom factor is then used to scale that up (or down) to the Hatari
|
|
output window. This way scaling results always in approximately
|
|
same sized Hatari window.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
With non-integer zoom factors, linear scaling is used to smooth out
|
|
the output, with integer zoom factors, scaling is done using nearest
|
|
neighboring pixels for sharper output. This applies also to window
|
|
resizes.
|
|
</p><p class="paramdesc">
|
|
To avoid zooming for low ST resolutions, use "--zoom 1 --max-width 416
|
|
--max-height 276" (if you don't need borders, 320x200 size is enough).
|
|
Disabling low resolution doubling like this is not recommended for
|
|
Falcon emulation because TOS v4 bootup and some demos switch
|
|
resolutions frequently.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--disable-video
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Run emulation without displaying video (audio only)</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>ST/STE specific display options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--spec512
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Hatari uses this threshold to decide
|
|
when to render a screen with the slower but more accurate
|
|
Spectrum512 screen conversion functions (0 <= x <= 512,
|
|
0=disable)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--video-timing
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Wakeup State for MMU/GLUE (x=ws1/ws2/ws3/ws4/random,
|
|
default ws3). When powering on, the STF will randomly choose one of these
|
|
wake up states. The state will then affect the timings where border removals
|
|
and other video tricks should be made, which can give different results on
|
|
screen. For example, WS3 is known to be compatible with many demos, while WS1 can show
|
|
more problems.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>TT/Falcon specific display options</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Zooming to sizes specified below is internally done using integer scaling
|
|
factors. This means that different Atari resolutions may show up with
|
|
different sizes, but they are never blurry.
|
|
<p class="parameter">--desktop <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Whether to use desktop resolution on
|
|
fullscreen to avoid issues related to resolution switching.
|
|
Otherwise fullscreen will use a resolution that is closest to the
|
|
Hatari window size. (enabled by default)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--force-max
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Hatari window size is forced to
|
|
specified maximum size and black borders used when Atari resolution
|
|
doesn’t scale evenly to it. This is most useful when
|
|
recording videos of Falcon demos that change their resolution.
|
|
(disabled by default)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--aspect
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Whether to do monitor aspect ratio
|
|
correction (enabled by default)</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>VDI options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--vdi
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Whether to use VDI screen mode. Doesn't work with TOS v4. TOS v3
|
|
memory detection isn't compatible with larger VDI modes (i.e. you need
|
|
to skip the detection at boot). Original TOS desktops use wrong window
|
|
size in 2-plane (4 color) VDI mode when screen height >= 400 pixels.
|
|
Because of these issues, using EmuTOS is recommended for VDI mode
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--vdi-planes
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use extended VDI resolution with bit
|
|
depth <x> (x = 1, 2 or 4)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--vdi-width
|
|
<w></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use extended VDI resolution with width
|
|
<w> (320 < w <= 2048)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--vdi-height
|
|
<h></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use extended VDI resolution with height
|
|
<h> (160 < h <= 1280)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Because TOS and popular GEM programs have problems with certain screen
|
|
sizes, Hatari enforces restrictions on VDI screen size. In total VDI
|
|
screen size is limited to 32-300kB, width to multiple of 16 pixels,
|
|
and height to multiple of 8 pixels (smaller system font height). That
|
|
translates to following maximum standard resolutions for the VDI mode:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">monochrome</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
FullHD (1920x1080), WUXGA (1920x1200) and QWXGA (2048x1152)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">2 plane mode (4 colors)</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
HD (1280x720), WXGA (1280x768) and XGA+ (1152x864)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">4 plane mode (16-colors)</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
qHD (960x540), DVGA (960x640) and WSVGA (1024x600)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Screen capture options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--crop
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Remove statusbar from the screen
|
|
captures</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--avirecord</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Start AVI recording. Note: recording will
|
|
automatically stop when emulation resolution changes.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--avi-vcodec <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select AVI video codec (x = bmp/png).
|
|
PNG compression can be <em>much</em> slower than using the uncompressed BMP
|
|
format, but uncompressed video content takes huge amount of space.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--png-level <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select PNG compression level for AVI video (x = 0-9).
|
|
Both compression efficiency and speed depend on the compressed
|
|
screen content. Highest compression level (9) can be <em>really</em>
|
|
slow with some content. Levels 3-6 should compress nearly as well
|
|
with clearly smaller CPU overhead.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--avi-fps <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Force AVI frame rate (x = 50/60/71/...)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--avi-file <file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use <file> to record AVI</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--screenshot-dir <dir></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Save screenshots in the directory <dir></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--screenshot-format <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select screenshot file format (x = bmp/png/neo/ximg).</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Devices options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-j,
|
|
--joystick <port></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate joystick with cursor keys in
|
|
given port (0-5)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--joy<port>
|
|
<type></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set joystick type (none/keys/real) for
|
|
given port</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--printer
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable printer support and write data
|
|
to <file></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--midi <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable MIDI support
|
|
(when Hatari is built with PortMidi support)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--midi-in
|
|
<filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable MIDI support and write MIDI data to <file>
|
|
(when not built with PortMidi support)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--midi-out
|
|
<filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable MIDI support and read MIDI data from <file>
|
|
(when not built with PortMidi support)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--rs232-in <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable MFP serial port support and use
|
|
<file> as the input device</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--rs232-out <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable MFP serial port support and use
|
|
<file> as the output device</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-a-in <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel A serial port support and use
|
|
<file> for the input (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-a-out <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel A serial port support and use
|
|
<file> for the output (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-a-lan-in <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel A LAN port support and use
|
|
<file> for the input (only for Mega-STE and TT)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-a-lan-out <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel A LAN port support and use
|
|
<file> for the output (only for Mega-STE and TT)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-b-in <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel B serial port support and use
|
|
<file> for the input (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scc-b-out <filename></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable SCC channel B serial port support and use
|
|
<file> for the output (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Floppy drive options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--drive-a
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable/disable drive A (default is on)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--drive-b
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable/disable drive B (default is on)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--drive-a-heads
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set number of heads for drive A (1=single sided, 2=double sided)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--drive-b-heads
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set number of heads for drive B (1=single sided, 2=double sided)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--disk-a
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set disk image for floppy drive A</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--disk-b
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set disk image for floppy drive B</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--fastfdc
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Speed up FDC emulation (can cause
|
|
incompatibilities)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--protect-floppy
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Write protect floppy image contents
|
|
(on/off/auto). With "auto" option write protection is according to
|
|
the disk image file attributes</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Hard drive options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-d, --harddrive
|
|
<dir></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">GEMDOS HD emulation. Emulate hard disk partition(s)
|
|
with <dir> contents. If directory contains only single letter
|
|
(C-Z) subdirectories, each of these subdirectories will be treated
|
|
as a separate partition, otherwise the given directory itself will
|
|
be assigned to drive "C:". In the multiple partition case, the
|
|
letters used as the subdirectory names will determine to which
|
|
drives/partitions they’re assigned. If <dir> is
|
|
an empty string, then harddrive's emulation is disabled</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--protect-hd
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Write protect hard drive <dir>
|
|
contents (on/off/auto). With "auto" option the protection can be
|
|
controlled by setting individual files attributes as it disables
|
|
the file attribute modifications for the GEMDOS HD
|
|
emulation</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--gemdos-case <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Specify whether new dir/filenames are forced to be
|
|
in upper or lower case with GEMDOS HD emulation. Off/upper/lower, off by default
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--gemdos-time <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Specify what file modification timestamps should be used,
|
|
emulation internal (atari) ones, or ones from the machine (host) on which
|
|
the machine is running. While Atari emulation and host clocks are in sync
|
|
at Hatari startup, they will diverge while emulation is running, especially
|
|
if you use fast forward. Default is "atari". If you modify files accessed
|
|
by the Atari side, directly from the host side while Hatari is already
|
|
running, you may want to use "host" option</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--gemdos-conv <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Whether GEMDOS file names with 8-bit (non-ASCII) characters
|
|
are converted between Atari and host character sets. On Linux, host file
|
|
name character set is assumed to be UTF-8. This option is disabled by
|
|
default, in case you have transferred files from Atari machine without
|
|
proper file name conversion (e.g. by zipping them on Atari and
|
|
unzipping on PC)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--gemdos-drive <drive></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Assign (separately specified) GEMDOS HD to given
|
|
drive letter (C-Z) instead of default C:, or use "skip" to specify
|
|
that Hatari should add GEMDOS HD after IDE and ACSI drives (assumes
|
|
Hatari and native HD driver parse same number of partitions from
|
|
the partition tables in HD images)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--acsi <id>=<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate an ACSI hard drive with given bus ID (0-7)
|
|
using image <file>. If just a filename is given, it is assigned to
|
|
bus ID 0</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scsi <id>=<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate a SCSI hard drive with given bus ID (0-7)
|
|
using image <file>. If just a filename is given, it is assigned to
|
|
bus ID 0</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--scsi-ver <id>=<version></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate specified SCSI version (1-2) for given
|
|
BUS ID (0-7). If just a version is given, it is applied to BUS ID 0</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--ide-master
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate an IDE 0 (master) hard drive with an
|
|
image <file></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--ide-slave
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate an IDE 1 (slave) hard drive with an
|
|
image <file></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--ide-swap <id>=<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set byte-swap option <x> (off/on/auto) for
|
|
given IDE <id> (0/1). If just option is given, it is applied to
|
|
IDE 0</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Memory options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">
|
|
--memstate <file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Load memory snap-shot <file></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-s, --memsize
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set amount of emulated RAM, x = 1 to 14
|
|
MiB, or 0 for 512 KiB. Other values are considered as a size in KiB.
|
|
While Hatari allows 14 MiB for all machine types, on real HW, ST/STE can
|
|
have up to 4 MiB, MegaSTE/TT up to 10MiB, and Falcon up to 14 MiB RAM.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--ttram
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set amount of emulated TT RAM (for Falcon and TT
|
|
mode), x = 0 to 1024 MiB (in 4MiB steps)</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>ROM options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-t,
|
|
--tos <imagefile></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Specify TOS ROM image to use</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--patch-tos
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use this option to enable/disable TOS
|
|
ROM patching. Experts only! Leave this enabled unless you know what
|
|
you are doing!</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--cartridge
|
|
<imagefile></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use ROM cartridge image <file>
|
|
(only works if GEMDOS HD emulation and extended VDI resolution are
|
|
disabled)</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>CPU/FPU/bus options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">
|
|
--cpulevel <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Specify CPU (680x0) to use (use x >=
|
|
1 with EmuTOS or TOS >= 2.06 only!)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--cpuclock
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set the CPU clock (8, 16 or 32 MHz)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--compatible
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use a more compatible 68000 CPU mode
|
|
with better prefetch accuracy and cycle counting</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--cpu-exact <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use cycle exact CPU emulation</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--data-cache <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Emulate >=030 CPU data cache</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--addr24 <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use 24-bit instead of 32-bit addressing mode (24-bit is enabled by default)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--fpu <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">FPU type (x=none/68881/68882/internal)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--fpu-softfloat <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use full software FPU emulation (Softfloat library)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--mmu <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Use MMU emulation</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Misc system options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">
|
|
--machine <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select machine type (x = st, megast, ste,
|
|
megaste, tt or falcon)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--blitter
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable blitter emulation (ST only)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--rtc-year <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">With the default value 0, RTC date and time are
|
|
taken from the host. If application does not handle current dates,
|
|
this can be used to change RTC year to a more compatible one. See
|
|
also "--gemdos-time" option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--dsp <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Falcon DSP emulation (x = none, dummy
|
|
or emu, Falcon only)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--timer-d
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Patch redundantly high Timer-D frequency set by TOS.
|
|
This can increase Hatari speed significantly (especially for ST/e emulation)
|
|
as the original Timer-D frequency causes large amount of extra interrupts
|
|
to emulate.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--fast-boot
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Patch TOS and initialize the so-called
|
|
"memvalid" system variables to by-pass the memory test of TOS, so
|
|
that the system boots faster.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Sound options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--mic
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable/disable (Falcon only)
|
|
microphone</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--sound
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Sound frequency: 6000-50066. "off"
|
|
disables the sound and speeds up the emulation. To prevent extra
|
|
sound artifacts, the frequency should be selected so that it either
|
|
matches evenly with the STE/TT/Falcon sound DMA (6258, 12517,
|
|
250033, 50066 Hz) or your sound card frequencies (11025, 22050,
|
|
44100 or 6000...48000 Hz). Check what your sound card supports.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--sound-buffer-size
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">SDL’s sound buffer size: 10-100,
|
|
or 0 to use default buffer size. By default Hatari uses an SDL
|
|
buffer size of 1024 samples, which gives approximately 20-30 ms
|
|
of sound depending on the chosen sound frequency. Under some OS or
|
|
with not fully supported sound card, this default setting can cause
|
|
a bigger delay at lower frequency (nearly 0.5 sec). In that case,
|
|
you can use this option to force the size of the sound buffer to a
|
|
fixed number of milliseconds of sound (using 20 is often a good
|
|
choice if you have such problems). Most users will not need this
|
|
option.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--sound-sync
|
|
<bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">The emulation rate is nudged by +100 or
|
|
0 or -100 micro-seconds on occasion. This prevents the sound buffer
|
|
from overflowing (long latency and lost samples) or underflowing
|
|
(short latency and repeated samples). The emulation rate smoothly
|
|
deviates by a maximum of 0.58% until synchronized, while the
|
|
emulator continuously generates every sound sample and the crystal
|
|
controlled sound system consumes every sample.<br />
|
|
(on|off, off=default)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--ym-mixing
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Select a method for mixing the three
|
|
YM2149 voice volumes together. "model" uses a mathematical model of
|
|
the YM voices, "table" uses a lookup table of audio output voltage
|
|
values measured on STF and "linear" just averages the 3 YM
|
|
voices.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Debug options</h3>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-W, --wincon</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Open console window (Windows only)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">-D,
|
|
--debug</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Toggle whether CPU exceptions invoke
|
|
the debugger</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--debug-except <flags></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Specify which exceptions invoke debugger, see
|
|
"--debug-except help" for available (comma separated) exception
|
|
flags.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--bios-intercept <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Enable/disable XBios command parsing. Allows Atari programs to use all Hatari
|
|
functionality and change Hatari state through Hatari specific
|
|
XBios(255) calls. XBios(20) printscreen calls produce also Hatari
|
|
screenshots. XBios(11) Dbmsg call can be used to invoke the debugger.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--conout <device></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable console (xconout vector functions) output
|
|
redirection for given <device> to host terminal. Device 2 is for
|
|
the (CON:) VT52 console, which vector function catches also EmuTOS panic
|
|
messages and MiNT console output, not just normal BIOS console output.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--disasm <x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Set disassembly options. 'uae' and 'ext' select
|
|
the disassembly engine to use, bitmask sets disassembly output options
|
|
and 'help' lists them.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--natfeats <bool></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Enable/disable (basic) Native Features support.
|
|
E.g. EmuTOS uses it for debug output.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--trace
|
|
<flags></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Activate debug traces, see
|
|
"--trace help" for available tracing flags</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--trace-file
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Save trace output to <file>
|
|
(default=stderr)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--msg-repeat</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Toggle whether successive repeats of identical log
|
|
or trace messages will be suppressed, so that only their count is shown
|
|
(default=suppress). Disassembly, register and (multi-line) AES traces
|
|
bypass this feature
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--parse
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Parse/execute debugger commands from
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--saveconfig</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Save Hatari configuration and exit.
|
|
Hatari UI needs Hatari configuration file to start, this can be
|
|
used to create it automatically.</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--control-socket <path></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Hatari connects to given local socket file and reads commands from it.
|
|
Use when the control process life-time is longer than Hatari's, or
|
|
control process needs response from Hatari
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--cmd-fifo <path></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">
|
|
Hatari creates the indicated FIFO file and reads commands from it.
|
|
Commands can be echoed to FIFO file, and are same as with the control
|
|
socket. Hatari outputs help for unrecognized commands and subcommands
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--log-file
|
|
<file></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Save log output to <file>
|
|
(default=stderr)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--log-level
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Log output level
|
|
(x=debug/todo/info/warn/error/fatal)</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--alert-level
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Show dialog for log messages above
|
|
given level</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--run-vbls
|
|
<x></p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Exit after X VBLs. Used with --benchmark mode</p>
|
|
<p class="parameter">--benchmark</p>
|
|
<p class="paramdesc">Start in benchmark mode (use with --run-vbls).
|
|
Same as --fast-forward mode, except it cannot be disabled at run-time,
|
|
and FPS will be printed on emulation exit (and pausing) regardless of
|
|
log level. Allows better measuring of emulation speed, in frames per
|
|
second. Unless you're specifically measuring emulator audio and
|
|
screen processing speed, disable them (--sound off/--disable-video on)
|
|
to have as little OS overhead as possible</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Type <span class="commandline">hatari --help</span> to list all
|
|
the command line options supported by a given version of Hatari.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>See <a href="debugger.html">Hatari Debugger Manual</a> for more
|
|
information on debugging and profiling Atari programs.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Using the emulated system</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p> Once you have started Hatari successfully, you can use the emulator as
|
|
an almost complete Atari ST computer system. </p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>The GUI</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Press <span class="key">F12</span> to enter the GUI. Navigate it
|
|
with the mouse.
|
|
The GUI is rather self explanatory.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Main Menu</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/main.png" width="500" height="304"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the main menu" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can reach the other setup dialogs from the main menu by clicking on
|
|
the appropriate buttons.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can load the current settings from a configuration file by clicking
|
|
on the <span class="button">Load config</span> button, and save
|
|
the current settings to a configuration file by clicking on
|
|
the <span class="button">Save config</span> button.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click <span class="button">OK</span> to go back and continue the emulation.
|
|
All changed options will be applied.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><em>NOTE:</em>Any changes to machine ROM or HW configuration
|
|
mean that emulation is reset to apply the change. Don't do that
|
|
unless you're OK to lose your current emulation state.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Select the <em>"Reset machine"</em> option if you
|
|
want the emulated machine to perform a cold reset. This is equal to
|
|
switching the power off and on again on a real Atari machine.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click <span class="button">Quit</span> to terminate Hatari
|
|
and return to the host OS.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click <span class="button">Cancel</span> to abandon any
|
|
changes that you have made.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
(There are also keyboard shortcuts to do several of these actions.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The File Selector Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/fileselector.png" width="640" height="400"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the fileselector" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The file selector dialog appears whenever you are prompted to choose a file
|
|
or folder.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To enter a folder or choose a file, simply click on the entry in the
|
|
main box of the dialog. To navigate in the file list, you can use the
|
|
scrollbar on the right with mouse, use mousewheel, keyboard up + down
|
|
arrow (with Alt), or page up + down keys.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can use the three buttons in the upper right corner for additional folder
|
|
navigation. Click the <span class="button">..</span> button to go up one level
|
|
in the directory tree. The <span class="button">CWD</span> button takes you
|
|
to the current working directory (i.e. the folder that was current when
|
|
Hatari has been started). Click the <span class="button">~</span> button to
|
|
return to your home directory. The <span class="button">/</span> button can
|
|
be clicked to go to the root directory of the file system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When you tick the <em>"Show hidden files"</em> setting, Hatari will
|
|
also show files that start with a dot in the file selection dialog.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The System Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/system.png" width="500" height="288"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the system dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The system dialog can be used to define the basic hardware attributes of
|
|
the machine that should be emulated.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The machine type option is used to select the type of Atari computer to
|
|
be emulated:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>ST</strong> was the very first 16/32-bit computer from Atari.
|
|
Most older games and demos require an ST. TOS 1.00, 1.02, 1.04 or 2.06
|
|
is required for running in ST mode.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>Mega-ST</strong> was an slightly improved version which also
|
|
provided the so-called blitter chip (for accelerating certain graphic
|
|
operations) and a Real Time Clock (RTC) chip. A note for experts: Hatari
|
|
emulates the Mega-ST with the so-called IMP chipset, while the normal
|
|
ST is emulated with the Ricoh chipset. This gives a slightly different
|
|
behavior between the two machine types with regards to bus errors.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>STE</strong> was introduced some years later and had some more
|
|
advanced hardware features, like the blitter chip, hardware scrolling and
|
|
DMA sample sound (but no Real Time Clock). There are not that many demos or
|
|
games that really require an STE but since most normal ST games/demos also
|
|
work with an STE, it is normally safe to always work in STE mode.
|
|
Also make sure to use TOS version 1.06, 1.62 or 2.0x with this machine type.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>Mega-STE</strong> was an improved version of the STE, with
|
|
16 MHz (instead of 8 MHz) CPU frequency, a built-in Real Time Clock
|
|
chip, and a VME bus.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>TT</strong> was the advanced workstation from Atari. It
|
|
featured a 32MHz 68030 CPU, a very high monochrome resolution, and a
|
|
lot of interfaces. However, compatibility was not as high as with the
|
|
other machines. For TT emulation you need TOS 3.0x.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The <strong>Falcon</strong> was Atari's last computer, using a 16 MHz 68030
|
|
CPU and some more interesting new hardware feature, like the Videl graphic
|
|
chip and DSP 56001 for audio processing. You need TOS 4.0x for running in
|
|
Falcon mode.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Note:</em> Falcon and especially TT emulation are still considered as
|
|
experimental and incomplete, so quite a bunch of programs do not work very
|
|
well yet.
|
|
Also a lot of old games and demos do not work with these machine types
|
|
anymore since the hardware is quite a bit different. There were only very
|
|
few programs that were made for the TT exclusively, while there were some
|
|
interesting games and demos specially made for the Falcon.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The video timings ("wakestate") settings influence the internal
|
|
timings of the ST video chip emulation. You normally do not have to change
|
|
these unless you know what you are doing, only some very few demos require
|
|
a special setting here.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For Falcon mode, you can choose whether you want to disable DSP emulation,
|
|
fake it or enable full emulation. Most Falcon programs only play sound or work
|
|
correctly when you enable the DSP emulation, but it needs a lot of host CPU
|
|
power (more than 2 GHz) for full emulation. So if you have a slow host CPU,
|
|
you can try if your Falcon program also runs with DSP disabled or in
|
|
the "dummy" fake mode.
|
|
Note that you cannot change this option while the DSP based program already
|
|
runs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The check boxes in the "CPU and system parameters" section can
|
|
be used to fine-tune the machine and CPU types.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The Blitter option can be set to enable Blitter emulation in plain ST mode.
|
|
The Blitter is a custom chip that accelerates some graphical operations.
|
|
Note that in Mega-ST, STE and Falcon mode, the Blitter is always enabled
|
|
(since these machines have always been sold with a Blitter chip). The TT
|
|
was always shipped without the Blitter chip.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The "Patch Timer-D" option changes the Timer-D initialization from
|
|
TOS. TOS uses the MFP timer D as a baudrate generator for RS232. However, the
|
|
TOS default value slows down the emulation. The patch gives you a better
|
|
performance. It is normally safe to enable the patch, but if you encounter a
|
|
program that does not work, you can try to disable the patch to see if it
|
|
works better.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
With the "Boot faster" option, Hatari patches the TOS ROM and some
|
|
system variables, to speed up the boot process of the emulated system, e.g.
|
|
by simulating a warm reset. This is a convenient option, but some very few old
|
|
programs rely on an unmodified boot process, so in rare cases this option has
|
|
to be switched off to get those programs running.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>NOTE:</em> The emulated Atari system is very very sensitive to all of
|
|
these options so Hatari will automatically reset the emulation when
|
|
changes to (most of) these settings are applied. Rest of the settings
|
|
apply to next boot.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Most settings are also selected automatically when one uses the
|
|
<span class="commandline">--machine</span> command line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The CPU Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/cpu.png" width="440" height="399"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the CPU dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h5>CPU type</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The CPU type option can be used to select the level of the central processing
|
|
unit. If you are not sure what to use, simply select 68000 for ST and STE
|
|
machines and 68030 for TT and Falcon emulation, since these were the original
|
|
configurations used in the Atari computers. In case you want to vary
|
|
the CPU type, you should be aware of some constraints:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Atari ST and STE have only been shipped with a 68000 CPU, so for best
|
|
compatibility with old programs, you should choose this CPU type.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
If you are going to use TOS 1.0x, you also have to select the 68000 CPU,
|
|
since these TOS versions are not aware of the higher CPU levels yet.
|
|
If you want to use a higher CPU level with the ST or STE machine type,
|
|
you have to use TOS 2.0x (or EmuTOS) instead.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Atari TT and Falcon computers were using the 68030 CPU, so you should select
|
|
the 68030 CPU type for these machines.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
TOS 3.0x and 4.0x also only work with a CPU >= 68020.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
68010 and 68040, 68060 have never been used in official Atari computers,
|
|
so don't use these CPU types without a good reason.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
The 68060 option is currently considered as experimental, so do not use
|
|
this option unless you know what you are doing.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<h5>CPU options</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The CPU clock option can be used to select the frequency that is used
|
|
to clock the CPU. 8 MHz is the standard for ST and STE and the most
|
|
compatible frequency for old software. The CPU in the TT was clocked
|
|
with 32 MHz. The original Mega STE and Falcon could be run in both,
|
|
8 MHz and 16 MHz with the possibility to toggle between the two frequencies
|
|
during runtime via software. Hatari supports this feature, too, so it is
|
|
possible to switch between 8 and 16 MHz from the emulated side, e.g. with
|
|
certain accessories or CPX. However, if you select 32 MHz or a non-standard
|
|
CPU in the Hatari GUI, this feature is disabled, since Hatari assumes that
|
|
you rather want to emulate a system with an accelerator CPU board (which
|
|
don't implement this the software frequency switching).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The "Prefetch mode" option is used to enable the emulation of 68k
|
|
address errors and the so-called CPU prefetch buffer. This is needed for best
|
|
compatibility, but it slows down emulation a little bit so you can disable it
|
|
if you don't need it and if you have a slow host system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The "Cycle exact", "Data cache", "MMU emulation"
|
|
and "24-bit addressing" options are considered as experimental and
|
|
should only be changed if you know what you are doing.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h5>FPU type</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The FPU settings can be used to select the type of floating point unit
|
|
of >= 68020 CPUs. (68882) FPU is enabled by default only for TT
|
|
machines, as they were only ones that originally shipped with one.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When emulating the Motorola FPU, PC host FPU can be used to do the math.
|
|
This is the default and fastest method, but its results have some slight
|
|
differences compared to a real Motorala FPU.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
For higher precision, you can select the "Accurate FPU emulation" mode:
|
|
this will emulate all the FPU operations using only the CPU and with
|
|
the same rules as the Motorala's FPU. This emulation is bit-exact
|
|
(except for the last few bits in trig/log functions), and a little
|
|
slower than using host FPU.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Floppy Disks Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/floppydisks.png" width="640" height="320"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the floppy disks dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
This dialog can be used to choose which floppy disks should be emulated
|
|
in the disk drives. You can use most standard Atari ST disk image files.
|
|
You may select and browse also zipped disk images. See
|
|
<a href="#Floppy_disk_images">"Floppy disk images"</a> section for details.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Each drive can be enabled or disabled (as if it was not connected or turned
|
|
off). You can also choose to emulate a single sided drive instead of a double
|
|
sided one (some games or demos will have a different behaviour in single sided
|
|
mode).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click on the button <span class="button">Browse</span> next to the
|
|
A: and B: option to go to the fileselector to choose a disk image for the
|
|
corresponding drive.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Click on <span class="button">Eject</span> to eject a disk image
|
|
from the emulated drive. The emulated ST will act as if had no floppy
|
|
disk in its drive.</p>
|
|
<p>You can specify a default directory where Hatari will start to
|
|
browse the filesystem.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Check the "Auto insert B" option if you want Hatari to be smart and
|
|
insert the second disk of a two disk game automatically.
|
|
Some games then use the second drive automatically.
|
|
In the case that a game is not able to find the disk in the second drive,
|
|
you have to insert the second disk in drive A: manually when prompted.
|
|
<br />
|
|
<em>NOTE:</em> This option only works properly if the file name of the
|
|
first disks ends with an 'a' before the extension and the second disk name
|
|
ends with a 'b'.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Select if you want to use fast FDC (Floppy Disk Controller) emulation.
|
|
|
|
"Fast floppy access" option will speed up disk accesses, but this can
|
|
cause incompatibilities with programs that expect correct delays
|
|
(some games/demos don't expect data to be read too fast from the
|
|
disk). For example, when using STX images, most protections will fail
|
|
if fast floppy access is enabled.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you want, you can set Hatari to write-protect your disks. Atari ST
|
|
viruses can spread on disk images, so that can be a good idea. However,
|
|
note that some programs won't work correctly (or at all) with write
|
|
protected disks, and things like saving highscores in games will fail.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/newfloppy.png" width="290" height="224"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the new floppy dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you need to create a new blank disk image, click on
|
|
<span class="button">Create blank image</span>.
|
|
Parameters for the new image can be set in the following dialog. HD
|
|
and ED disk sector counts are for larger, non-Atari disk sizes, they
|
|
can be useful with programs that don't work from hard drive, or with
|
|
with GEMDOS HD emulation.
|
|
Click on <span class="button">Create</span> to save the new image or on
|
|
<span class="button">Back</span> to return to the disk dialog.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
After clicking <span class="button">Create</span>, a fileselector
|
|
appears. You can browse the filesystem now. Select the target directory,
|
|
click beside "File:" and type in a name for the new disk image.
|
|
The name should terminate with .st or .msa.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Hatari can currently create plain .ST and .MSA disk images exclusively.
|
|
<span class="commandline">hmsa</span> command line utility can be used
|
|
to convert disk images between .ST and .MSA formats.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Hard Disks Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/harddisks.png" width="640" height="400"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the hard disks dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
This dialog can be used to change the hard disk settings.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Here you can select a hard disk image file for ACSI, SCSI or IDE hard drive
|
|
emulation, or you can select a host directory to be emulated as the Atari
|
|
hard drive. Use the arrow buttons to select the ID of the drive that you
|
|
want to set, then click on <span class="button">Browse</span> to choose
|
|
a file which should be used for providing the contents of the hard disk,
|
|
or click on <span class="button">Eject</span> to disable the current ID.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
IDE controllers are using a 16-bit interface, so depending on where the
|
|
contents of a real hard disk have initially been created (on an Atari
|
|
machine or on a PC), and depending on where the contents have been read
|
|
out from the disk, 16-bit values in the image might be byte-swapped.
|
|
Hatari can either try to detect this situation automatically (when
|
|
"Auto" is selected), or you can tell Hatari whether it should
|
|
always byte-swap the disk image contents or not.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GEMDOS HD emulation can be used to provide a folder on your host
|
|
computer file system as hard drive(s) to the emulated Atari. Select
|
|
<span class="button">Browse</span> to choose a folder, or
|
|
<span class="button">Eject</span> to disable the drive(s) again.
|
|
<br/>
|
|
The "Atari <-> host 8-bit filename conversion" setting
|
|
can be used to tell Hatari whether it should try to convert the character
|
|
set of the file names on the host to the Atari character set, since
|
|
modern operating systems use different character sets than Atari TOS.
|
|
File name conversion option is best-effort conversion between
|
|
the host OS and Atari character set for the non-ASCII file names
|
|
exposed by the GEMDOS HD emulation.
|
|
<br/>
|
|
GEMDOS HD emulation can override partition(s) from HD images.
|
|
With "Add GEMDOS HD after ACSI/SCSI/IDE partitions" option Hatari
|
|
tries to assign it to a drive after the partitions on HD images,
|
|
instead of C: (whether that works correctly depends on whether
|
|
your emulated Atari hard disk interprets the HD images partition
|
|
tables similarly to Hatari, and whether it starts assigning them
|
|
from C: onwards). As a last resort, you can use "--gemdos-drive"
|
|
command line option to explicitly specify which drive should be
|
|
used for GEMDOS HD.
|
|
<br/>
|
|
Finally, you can also choose whether you want to provide the files on
|
|
GEMDOS HD only as write-protected to the Atari environment or not,
|
|
or whether you want Hatari to select this status automatically depending
|
|
on the file attributes of the file in the host file system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Check "Boot from HD" to set given hard disk image / directory as TOS
|
|
boot device (if ACSI or IDE is enabled, it is C:, otherwise it is the
|
|
first specified GEMDOS HD drive). With command line options, the value
|
|
of this setting depends on whether you specify floppy image or harddisk
|
|
later on the command line (later one takes precedence).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that you need TOS version >= 2.05 to boot from IDE hard drive.
|
|
ACSI hard drive emulation does not work with TOS 4.0x in Falcon mode.
|
|
For SCSI emulation, you either need to run with TT or Falcon emulation.
|
|
Please also refer to the <a href="#Hard_disk_support">Hard disk support</a>
|
|
section for more details about hard disk emulation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Memory Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/memory.png" width="400" height="400"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the memory dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can select the amount of RAM for the emulated machine here.
|
|
While Hatari allows 14 MiB for all machine types, on real HW, ST/STE can
|
|
have up to 4 MiB, MegaSTE/TT up to 10MiB, and Falcon up to 14 MiB RAM. Of
|
|
values below 4 MiB, only ones that were valid on a real unmodified STFM
|
|
are available</p>
|
|
<p>TT RAM size allows to emulate up to 1024 MiB of 32-bit RAM. This is
|
|
only useful in Falcon and TT mode, and require to disable "24 bit
|
|
addressing" mode in the CPU options (Hatari needs to patch Falcon TOS
|
|
v4 for this)
|
|
<p>Here you will find the options to save memory snapshots as well.</p>
|
|
<p>Click on <span class="button">Save</span> to save a memory snapshot
|
|
to file. You can select a new filename here.</p>
|
|
<p>Click on <span class="button">Restore</span> to restore a memory
|
|
snapshot from a file. Use the fileselector to select the snapshot to be
|
|
restored.</p>
|
|
<p><em>NOTE:</em> Memory snapshots are not interchangeable between
|
|
different versions of Hatari. e.g. if you compile a newer Hatari, you
|
|
cannot load your old memory snapshots back.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The ROM Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/tos.png" width="519" height="367"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the ROM dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Here you can select the TOS image to use. Click on <span
|
|
class="button">Browse</span> to select it via the fileselector.
|
|
You can also select an optional cartridge image to use. Click on <span
|
|
class="button">Browse</span> to select one via the fileselector. Click on <span
|
|
class="button">Eject</span> to disconnect the custom cartridge image.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Depending on the machine type that you want to emulate, you can either use
|
|
EmuTOS (see emutos.txt for more info), or a TOS version that supports
|
|
the machine type.
|
|
For ST mode, use TOS 1.00, 1.02, 1.04 or 2.06.
|
|
For STE mode, use TOS 1.06, 1.62, 2.05 or 2.06.
|
|
If you want to use the TT mode, you must specify a TOS 3.05 or 3.06 image here.
|
|
And in Falcon mode, you have to use either TOS 4.00, 4.02, 4.04 or 4.92. However,
|
|
you should always use TOS 4.04 for Falcon mode, it is the most common one.
|
|
Also note that TOS 4.92 cannot be booted from a boot disk (like it is done on a
|
|
real Falcon), you have to specify it directly in the TOS ROM setup dialog here.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Keep in mind that any custom cartridge image will not work together with
|
|
GEMDOS HD emulation or the VDI extended resolution emulation
|
|
since some additional driver code will be used in the cartridge memory
|
|
space for these emulations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Joystick Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/joystick.png" width="320" height="336"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the joystick dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>In this dialog, you can configure the emulated joysticks.
|
|
With the upper two arrows, you can choose the joystick which you want to
|
|
configure.</p>
|
|
<p>Joystick 1 is the normal ST joystick port and 99.9% of all ST games
|
|
use this port.
|
|
Joystick 0 emulates a joystick plugged into the ST mouse port
|
|
and is often used in games for two players.</p>
|
|
<p>With STE joypad A and B, you can enable the emulation of Jaguar joypads
|
|
which are plugged in the enhanced joystick ports of the Atari STE.
|
|
Only very few STE games support these joypads, so you often won't need this
|
|
(but some Falcon games require them).</p>
|
|
<p>Finally, Hatari also emulates joysticks which were plugged on the parallel
|
|
port with a special adapter on a real ST. These were used in some few
|
|
multi-player games like "Gauntlet 2".</p>
|
|
<p>For each ST joystick, choose whether you want to disable it,
|
|
use the keyboard for emulation or use a real PC joystick.</p>
|
|
<p>For keyboard emulation, you can select the keys by pressing the
|
|
<span class="button">Define keys</span> button. You will be prompted to press
|
|
the keys for up, down, left, right and fire.</p>
|
|
<p>If you want to use a real PC joystick for the emulation, you should connect
|
|
it to your PC before you start Hatari. Then you can choose the joystick with
|
|
the two lower arrows.</p>
|
|
<p>Check the "Enable autofire" option if you are too lazy to pound
|
|
on the fire button in shoot'em-up games. However, this option only works with
|
|
certain games. In some other games, it gets worse if you enable this option.</p>
|
|
<p>"Button 2" options select whether (real joystick) fire button 2
|
|
emulates joystick up or a SPACE key press. Unless game explicitly
|
|
queries other joysticks, latter will work only for joystick 1 (queried
|
|
also by TOS). If SPACE key gets stuck down (can happen if querying
|
|
given joystick stops while button 2 is kept down), visiting Joystick
|
|
setup dialog will fix that.</p>
|
|
<p>See <a href="#Emulated_joystick">Emulated joystick</a> section for details.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Atari Monitor Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/monitor.png" width="340" height="304"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the Atari monitor dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Here you control the video output of the emulated Atari.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can select which sort of monitor to use. This option depends on
|
|
the machine type which you have selected in the "System options"
|
|
dialog. In ST and STE mode, you can choose between monochrome mode
|
|
(select "Mono") and color mode (select one of the other monitor types).
|
|
When you select "TV" and use zoomed low resolution or switch to ST
|
|
medium, you get TV-like screen with half the intensity on every other
|
|
line. VGA is not a valid setting in ST and STE mode, so if you select
|
|
VGA for an ST/STE, Hatari will emulate an RGB monitor instead. Switching
|
|
between mono and a color monitor acts like a monitor switch on a real
|
|
ST - so beware, this will reboot your emulated system!
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In TT mode, you can only choose between TT-high resolution ("Mono")
|
|
and normal modes (select one of the other monitor types).
|
|
Finally the Falcon mode supports all four types of monitors. Note that most
|
|
Falcon demos/games require a RGB or TV mode, and do not work with
|
|
VGA, although there are also few VGA-only games and demos.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
"Show ST/STE borders" toggles the displaying of the borders around the ST /
|
|
STE. Some demos and games use the screen borders for displaying
|
|
additional graphics. As enabling this option increases CPU computing time,
|
|
don't enable it if you have a very slow computer.
|
|
Borders are shown also in Falcon emulation, but Videl emulation doesn't
|
|
yet support palette effects.
|
|
This option doesn't affect TT screen mode or extended VDI resolutions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Extended VDI resolutions will emulate a sort of extended graphics card
|
|
in the emulated machine, which gives you larger (2-16 color)
|
|
resolutions for GEM. Select a resolution and color depth. Check to
|
|
activate. This mode isn't affect by the other video options mentioned
|
|
above. Uncheck to get back to a normal ST behaviour.<br />
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><em>Note that there are several gotchas with extended VDI
|
|
resolutions:</em></p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Only GEM conformant applications work with them, 99% of all games
|
|
and demos don't.</li>
|
|
<li>GEM programs accessing screen directly (like NVDI) may crash with
|
|
large enough screen sizes.</li>
|
|
<li>Memory reserved for (larger) extended resolutions breaks TOS v3 memory
|
|
detection, so you need to interrupt boot up memory detection.</li>
|
|
<li>TOS v4 isn't compatible with them. In Falcon emulation you need to
|
|
use EmuTOS with extended resolutions.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Because TT and Falcon support natively larger resolutions,
|
|
VDI mode is most useful with ST / STE emulation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Hatari Screen Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/screen.png" width="520" height="400"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the Hatari screen dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Here you control how the video output of the emulated Atari appears
|
|
on your screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Check "Fullscreen" to run Hatari in fullscreen. By default Hatari
|
|
runs in windowed mode.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The "Frame Skip" option can be used to speed up the emulator
|
|
if it is running too slow on your system. Disable frame-skip if you have
|
|
a fast computer. When selecting 1, 2 or 4, drawing of corresponding number
|
|
of frames will be skipped after each frame actually shown by Hatari.
|
|
Select "Auto" to let the emulator to decide whether, and
|
|
how many frames will be skipped.<br />
|
|
<em>Note:</em> The frameskip option also affects the frame rate of the
|
|
screen animation recording!
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Indicators that you can have on the Hatari window:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>"Statusbar" at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
The statusbar shows the floppy drive LEDs, the current frameskip value,
|
|
the machine type including TOS version and memory size, and whether
|
|
recording is currently active.</li>
|
|
<li>"Drive led" is a colored rectangle shown on top of the Hatari window
|
|
contents. It will show any disk (floppy or hard drive) activity.</li>
|
|
<li>"None" turns both of above options off.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
"Keep desktop resolution" option will use your desktop resolution
|
|
for fullscreen to avoid issues related to resolution switching,
|
|
especially on LCD monitors (they're slow). If this isn't enabled,
|
|
values from the "Max zoomed win" option are used in selecting
|
|
a suitable resolution.
|
|
<p>
|
|
"Max zoomed win" option controls up to which size Hatari tries to scale
|
|
the Atari resolutions and how much of the borders (enabled in Atari
|
|
Monitor dialog) will be shown. Note that there are several limitations
|
|
in this and the "Keep desktop resolution" option, partly because Hatari
|
|
has different implementations for different video modes:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>VDI resolutions (selectable in Atari Monitor dialog) aren't scaled.</li>
|
|
<li>ST and STE video emulation supports only doubling of the ST-low
|
|
resolution.</li>
|
|
<li>Hatari doesn't support downscaling. If the original Atari resolution
|
|
is larger than the specified size (e.g. TT-high), the Hatari screen
|
|
size will also be larger than requested. Hatari Falcon/TT window size
|
|
will be limited to the Desktop size though.</li>
|
|
<li>TT and Falcon resolutions support only <em>integer</em> scaling ratios.
|
|
If the scaling ratio cannot match the requested size exactly, Hatari
|
|
will use a ratio that will produce smaller size closest to the
|
|
requested one.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You should set these values to a size that suits best your monitor
|
|
resolution. It is intended to help in getting Hatari to best use your
|
|
monitor space on a windowed mode and in fullscreen avoiding "fuzzy"
|
|
scaling done by your LCD monitor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Giving "-z 2" option on command line will reset max zoomed size to
|
|
default values and "-z 1" will disable all zooming.
|
|
Note that zooming takes additional CPU computing time and should
|
|
not be enabled on very slow computers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Click the <span class="button">Screenshot</span> button to create
|
|
a screenshot in the selected format to the current working directory.
|
|
PNG and BMP formats will match the visual output of Hatari.
|
|
NEO and XIMG formats will produce Atari ST native images, but will not include
|
|
borders, or raster palette effects. NEO is limited to the 3 standard ST
|
|
resolutions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Click the <span class="button">Record AVI</span> button to
|
|
record an AVI format video of Hatari screen (and audio) output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Selecting "Crop statusbar" option will leave statusbar out from
|
|
the screenshots and recorded videos.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Keyboard Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/keyboard.png" width="460" height="384"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the keyboard dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Here you can select the keyboard mapping to use. Two different mappings
|
|
called "Symbolic" and "Scancode" are predefined.</p>
|
|
<p>"Symbolic" tries to map the symbolic values of your PC keys
|
|
to the ST keys. It should be working pretty good on all systems as long
|
|
as your keyboard layout looks close to the standard English keyboard
|
|
layout. However, you might experience some problems with special keys like
|
|
brackets etc.</p>
|
|
<p>"Scancode" uses the scancode values of your PC keys for keyboard mapping.
|
|
If it works on your system, this often gives better results than the symbolic
|
|
mapping. Note that you also need a TOS version with the right language
|
|
(e.g. use a French TOS if you are using a French keyboard).</p>
|
|
<p>You can also additionally load a custom keyboard mapping file here if you
|
|
wish. Click <span class="button">Browse</span> to select a mapping file.
|
|
Please have a look at the supplied example mapfile (keymap-sample.txt) to
|
|
see how to create your own keyboard mapping. If you want to disable the
|
|
mapping file again, press the <span class="button">Clear</span> button.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The "Shortcuts" section can be used to configure the keyboard shortcuts
|
|
that can be activated while the emulation is running. Hatari supports
|
|
two sets of keyboard shortcuts: The first type is activated by pressing a
|
|
modifier key (AltGr / right Alt by default, Cmd key on macOS) together with
|
|
the key, and the second type is directly activated by pressing a single key,
|
|
without additional modifier key.
|
|
Use the arrow buttons to select the shortcut that you want to change,
|
|
then press one of the <span class="button">Define</span> buttons to
|
|
change the key for the shortcut. You'll be prompted to press the key
|
|
that should be used.
|
|
If you reconsider and don't want to change the key, you can press the
|
|
left mouse button instead. By pressing the right mouse button during
|
|
the prompt, you can also erase the current shortcut setting.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The last setting in this dialog can be used to disable the key repetition
|
|
in fast forward mode. When the emulator runs in fast forward mode, and you
|
|
want to type text, it can be annoying that the emulated system detects
|
|
multiple key events due to the key repetition of the emulated system.
|
|
So this can be avoided by enabling this option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Sound Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/sound.png" width="400" height="400"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the sound dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Here you can control the sound subsystem.</p>
|
|
<p>Check "Enabled" if you want emulated sound at all. Emulation is faster if
|
|
sound emulation is turned off.</p>
|
|
<p>If you experiment latency issues with your OS audio's output, you
|
|
can check the "Synchronize" option to adjust Hatari's video emulation to match
|
|
your OS audio.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Nine frequencies from low to high quality are available. Experiment a
|
|
little bit to find out which fits best for your setup.
|
|
For most modern computers, 44100 Hz or 48000 Hz should be fine.
|
|
For older or slower host systems, you should use a lower frequency.
|
|
12517, 250033 and 50066 Hz are frequencies supported by
|
|
the STE/TT/Falcon sound DMA.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
YM voices volume mixing "ST table" method uses a lookup table of audio output
|
|
voltage values measured on STF, "Math model" uses a complex model to mix the
|
|
3 YM voices and "Linear" just averages the 3 YM voices. Use "ST table" or "Math model"
|
|
for accurate sound's emulation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can select to record a piece of sound here.
|
|
Use the <span class="button">Browse</span> button to choose a file.
|
|
The file name extension that you use (.WAV or .YM) determines in which format
|
|
the sound is recorded in. The <span class="button">Record sound</span> button
|
|
is a toggle so you will need to return to the GUI to switch sound recording off
|
|
again (or to use the keyboard shortcut for that).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 class="gui">The Devices Dialog</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/devices.png" width="520" height="383"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - the device dialog" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Check the first checkbox to enable printer support.
|
|
See the <a href="#Emulated_printer">Emulated printer</a> section for
|
|
details.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>As Hatari currently only supports printing to file, click on <span
|
|
class="button">Browse</span> to select the file to print to. You can
|
|
enter a new filename as well.</p>
|
|
<p>Check the second checkbox to enable RS232 support.
|
|
The RS232 device is configured according to the settings of
|
|
the emulated MFP RS232 of the Atari ST/STE/TT. This means Hatari will
|
|
automatically use baudrate and handshaking as configured for the
|
|
emulated machine.</p>
|
|
<p>Click on <span class="button">Browse</span> to select suitable
|
|
device files for serial input and output. On Linux a good choice is
|
|
/dev/ttyS0 or /dev/ttyS1.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Check the third checkbox to enable MIDI support.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h5>MIDI support</h5>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Hatari MIDI support can be provided either with a PortMidi library
|
|
(required on Mac / Windows), or using "raw" MIDI device files. Latter
|
|
supports also MIDI networking in games, and can be used for debug
|
|
output, while PortMidi handles only MIDI events, but makes it easier
|
|
to connect Hatari to host MIDI programs (software synthetizers etc).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h6>"raw" MIDI device file selection</h6>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click on <span class="button">Browse</span> to select a suitable
|
|
MIDI device files for MIDI input and output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="file">midi-linux.txt</span> file explains how to
|
|
select the correct MIDI device file, how to set up software sound
|
|
synthesizing on Linux (using ALSA and virtual MIDI devices) if your
|
|
sound card/driver doesn't support MIDI, and how to set up MIDI
|
|
networking between multiple Hatari instances, even over internet.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="floatimage">
|
|
<img src="images/devices-portmidi.png" width="520" height="114"
|
|
alt="Hatari's GUI - PortMidi MIDI device selection" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h6>PortMidi MIDI device selection</h6>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Click on arrow buttons to select a suitable MIDI devices for MIDI
|
|
input and output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
PortMidi lists only MIDI devices that were active when Hatari was
|
|
started. To see ones added after that, Hatari needs to be restarted.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
PS. For MIDI devices which names are not constant, but include e.g.
|
|
instance identifier at end, Hatari supports matching device by first
|
|
part of the name when there's no full match. To use this, remove the
|
|
device identifier part from the end of the device name in saved Hatari
|
|
configuration file. Note that using GUI Devices dialog afterwards,
|
|
will override prefix in config with a full name of a device (that
|
|
matched the prefix at that point).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 class="clearboth">Keyboard shortcuts for the SDL GUI</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>There are multiple ways to interact with the SDL GUI.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
TAB and cursor keys change the focus between UI elements. Home key
|
|
moves focus to the first dialog item, End key to the last one.
|
|
Initially focus is on the default UI element, but focus changes are
|
|
remembered between dialog invocations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Enter and Space invoke the focused item, ESC key invokes the dialog
|
|
cancel option (if there is one).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
UI element which name has an underlined character can be invoked
|
|
directly by pressing Alt + key with that character. Alt + arrow keys
|
|
will act on dialog arrow buttons.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Main keyboard interactions:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Options GUI main view</em>: Enter accepts configuration, ESC
|
|
cancels it.</li>
|
|
<li><em>Options GUI dialogs</em>: Enter (or End + Enter if focus was moved)
|
|
returns back to main view.</li>
|
|
<li><em>Fileselector</em>: Page up and down keys move the file list by
|
|
one page, mouse wheel and Alt + cursor keys scroll it by one item.
|
|
Enter on the focused file name selects it. Enter on the OK button
|
|
accepts the selected file. ESC cancels the dialog/selection.</li>
|
|
<li><em>Alert dialogs</em>: Enter accepts and ESC cancels the dialog.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Keyboard shortcuts during emulation</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> While the emulator is running, you can activate or toggle various
|
|
features via Hatari keyboard shortcuts. Most of them require the
|
|
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key">AltGr</a> (right Alt)
|
|
modifier key. On Mac macOS, the Cmd key ⌘ is used instead.
|
|
Below are listed the default shortcut key bindings:</p>
|
|
<table class="keytable">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr class="backdropped">
|
|
<th>Shortcut</th>
|
|
<th>Purpose</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+a</span></td>
|
|
<td>record animation</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+g</span></td>
|
|
<td>grab a screenshot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+i</span></td>
|
|
<td>boss key: leave full screen mode, pause Hatari
|
|
and iconify its window</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+m</span></td>
|
|
<td>(un-)lock the mouse into the window</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+r</span></td>
|
|
<td>(warm) reset the ST</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+c</span></td>
|
|
<td>cold reset the ST (same as the original power switch)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+d</span></td>
|
|
<td>open dialog to select/change disk A</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+s</span></td>
|
|
<td>enable/disable sound</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+q</span></td>
|
|
<td>quit the emulator</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+x</span></td>
|
|
<td>toggle normal speed/fast forward</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+y</span></td>
|
|
<td>enable/disable sound recording</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+k</span></td>
|
|
<td>save memory snapshot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+l</span></td>
|
|
<td>load memory snapshot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+j</span></td>
|
|
<td>toggle joystick emulation via cursor keys
|
|
on/off between ports 0 and 1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+F1</span></td>
|
|
<td>switch joystick type on joy port 0</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+F2</span></td>
|
|
<td>switch joystick type on joy port 1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+F3</span></td>
|
|
<td>switch joystick type for joypad A</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+F4</span></td>
|
|
<td>switch joystick type for joypad B</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+b</span></td>
|
|
<td>toggle borders on/off</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+f or F11</span></td>
|
|
<td>toggle between fullscreen and windowed mode</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+o or F12</span></td>
|
|
<td>activate the options GUI</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Pause</span></td>
|
|
<td>pause emulation</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">AltGr+Pause</span></td>
|
|
<td>invoke the internal <a href="debugger.html">Hatari debugger</a></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can change the key bindings from the Hatari configuration file.
|
|
See keymap-sample.txt file for instructions.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulated Atari ST keyboard</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> All other keys on the keyboard act as the normal Atari ST keys so
|
|
pressing SPACE on your PC will result in an emulated press of the SPACE
|
|
key on the ST. The following keys have special meanings: </p>
|
|
|
|
<table class="keytable">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr class="backdropped">
|
|
<th>Key</th>
|
|
<th>Meaning</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Alt</span></td>
|
|
<td>will act as the ST's ALTERNATE key</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">left CTRL</span></td>
|
|
<td>will act as the ST's CONTROL key</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Print Screen</span></td>
|
|
<td>will emulate the ST's HELP key</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Scroll Lock</span></td>
|
|
<td>will emulate the ST's UNDO key</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Page Up</span></td>
|
|
<td>will emulate the ST's ( key in the keypad</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Page Down</span></td>
|
|
<td>will emulate the ST's ) in the keypad</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><span class="key">Num Lock</span></td>
|
|
<td>Toggle cursor emulation mode in the keypad (see below)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can use the <span class="key">Num Lock</span> key to toggle between
|
|
normal Atari ST keypad mode and a special cursor key mode. The cursor key
|
|
mode is designed for Atari programs and games that expect the original
|
|
Atari cursor key layout (like the game "Dungeon Master"), i.e.
|
|
where the "Insert" and "Clr-Home" keys are right next
|
|
to the cursor keys. The <span class="key">7</span> on the keypad is then
|
|
mapped to the "Insert" Atari key, and the <span class="key">9</span>
|
|
key on the keypad is mapped to the "Clr-Home" Atari key.
|
|
The keypad numbers <span class="key">8</span>, <span class="key">4</span>,
|
|
<span class="key">5</span> and <span class="key">6</span> are mapped to the
|
|
↑, ←, ↓ and → cursor keys on the Atari side respectively.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If joystick emulation via keyboard is enabled, by default cursor keys
|
|
are used for the directions and <span class="key">right CTRL</span> key
|
|
as the fire button. Otherwise they act as corresponding keys of the emulated
|
|
Atari ST.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>NOTE: Problems with simultaneous keypresses most likely are not an
|
|
issue in Hatari, but with the keyboard itself. Many modern keyboards
|
|
report/support only three simultaneous key presses (or even just two
|
|
depending on which keys are in question). Expensive gaming keyboards
|
|
support more.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulated mouse</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>For obvious reasons your PC mouse will act as the emulated Atari ST
|
|
mouse. In fullscreen mode it will act as expected, directly controlling
|
|
the ST mouse pointer. </p>
|
|
<p>However it is a little bit different in windowed mode as
|
|
mouse cursor positions between host and emulated Atari can get
|
|
out of sync. This can be worked around by constraining the mouse
|
|
to the Hatari window. Pressing the <span class="key">AltGr+m</span>
|
|
hotkey combination or starting Hatari with the
|
|
<span class="commandline">--grab</span> command line option
|
|
grabs the mouse i.e. locks its movements to the Hatari window.
|
|
Press the shortcut key (again) to go back to normal mouse behaviour
|
|
which allows you to move mouse outside the Hatari window while
|
|
Hatari is up and running. Note: pausing the emulation will also
|
|
(temporarily) release the mouse grab.</p>
|
|
<p>Middle button click emulates double click, which is very useful
|
|
in Fast Forward mode (where normal double clicking is nearly
|
|
impossible).</p>
|
|
<p>Mouse scrollwheel will act as cursor up and down keys. </p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulated joystick</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The Atari ST joysticks are emulated of course allowing you to play
|
|
your favourite games with Hatari. </p>
|
|
<p>The default mode is to use a connected PC joystick. You can use any
|
|
joystick that is supported by your kernel / SDL library. If your joystick works
|
|
with other applications, it will likely work with Hatari as well. Make sure
|
|
it is calibrated and then off you go. Move the stick to point into the
|
|
desired direction. Please note that Hatari will not detect analogue
|
|
movement as the Atari ST only had digital joysticks.<p>
|
|
First firebutton will act as the normal firebutton on the Atari
|
|
ST. Second firebutton will emulate either joystick up (jump), or
|
|
a keypress of the <span class="key">SPACE</span> key on the ST.
|
|
Many ST games utilize the SPACE bar for secondary game functions
|
|
(for example Xenon), and jump functionality can be useful for
|
|
platformers. Third firebutton has always autofire enabled,
|
|
regardless of the (first firebutton) autofire option.</p>
|
|
<p>If you do not have a PC joystick or joypad, then you do not need to
|
|
desperate. You can emulate one of the two Atari ST joysticks via the
|
|
cursor keys. Just activate it in the GUI. Then the cursor keys will act
|
|
as the joystick directions, the right CTRL key will act as the
|
|
firebutton. You can still use the cursor keys as the ST's
|
|
cursorkeys in this mode as long as you press <span class="key">SHIFT</span>
|
|
along with the cursorkeys. You can also configure these keys from the
|
|
joystick options.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulated video</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Hatari emulates all screen modes of the original machine.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ST/STE shifter overscan effects are emulated, but due to the fact
|
|
that these effects are achieved by using quirks and glitches in the
|
|
original chips to do things beyond their specification, emulation is
|
|
a bit tricky for these effects. As a result, some demos using these
|
|
techniques might not be displayed correctly in Hatari, known ones are
|
|
listed in the <span class="file">compatibility.html</span> file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Beside that you can setup extended VDI mode. It works well only
|
|
with GEM-compliant applications, but allows using larger screen
|
|
resolutions than the standard ST ones. VDI mode is not accelerated, so
|
|
better optimized VDI implementation (e.g. NVDI) is recommended,
|
|
especially for larger screen sizes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Make sure to disable extended VDI mode for (non-GEM) games as 99%
|
|
of all ST games will not be able to make use of higher resolutions.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="Emulated_printer">Emulated printer</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Due to the fact that printer handling is different on Atari and
|
|
current machines, emulation of the printer is achieved by writing all
|
|
printer output to a file.</p>
|
|
<p>The file will contain a sequence of data, the same that would appear
|
|
on the data pins of the Atari ST printer port.
|
|
That would include control characters and commands for graphic
|
|
printing. Clicking "Print desktop" on the GEM desktop would result
|
|
in a messy data dump in the printer output.</p>
|
|
<p>Printer emulation works best for plain text files or programs that
|
|
do not format the output for a specific printer.
|
|
The file contents can be used with your favourite text editor for
|
|
further processing and printing to a real printer.</p>
|
|
<p>To get real direct printing out of Hatari you may set up a suitable
|
|
(e.g. PostScript) GDOS or NVDI printer driver on the emulated Atari and
|
|
set your printer device file as Hatari's printer output.<br />
|
|
<em>NOTE:</em> If the driver doesn't match or there's some other problem,
|
|
this can cause your printer to print out hundreds of pages of garbage.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulated RS232</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Serial communications in Hatari is designed to directly use a serial
|
|
port on your PC.</p>
|
|
<p>Communications parameters are set automatically upon the settings of
|
|
the emulated machine. This means all you do is to set the communication
|
|
parameters like baudrate from the emulated communications software.
|
|
Hatari will do the rest and handle the serial input and output for you.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the “normal” RS232 port of Hatari is the one that
|
|
is connected to the MFP chip of the selected system. This port is only
|
|
wired on the ST, STE and TT machines, but not on the Falcon. To use serial
|
|
port emulation in Falcon mode, you have to use the “SCC channel B”
|
|
emulation instead.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>There're several programs that can be used with RS232 and the various ports</p>
|
|
<p>"CoNnect 95" is recommended as it supports all the ports of each machine
|
|
(ST/STE, MegaSTE, TT and Falcon). Although this program was commercial and needed
|
|
to be registered, his author released it later as freeware in 1998</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The following table shows all the available ports (serial or lan) depending
|
|
on the machine type, as well as the corresponding options used to setup each port</p>
|
|
|
|
<table class="keytable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" >
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Port Name</td>
|
|
<td style="width:6%;">HW</td>
|
|
<td style="width:6%;">Physical Port </td>
|
|
<td style="width:15%;">Corresponding Options</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote">Notes</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td colspan="5" class="hwsubdiv">ST / STE / MegaST</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Serial</td>
|
|
<td>MFP</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DB-25</td>
|
|
<td>--rs232-in and --rs232-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td colspan="5" class="hwsubdiv">MegaSTE</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Modem 1</td>
|
|
<td>MFP</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DB-25</td>
|
|
<td>--rs232-in and --rs232-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Serial 2</td>
|
|
<td>SCC A</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-a-in and --scc-a-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote">Using daughter board in the VME slot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Lan</td>
|
|
<td>SCC A</td>
|
|
<td>RS422 MiniDIN 8p</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-a-lan-in and --scc-a-lan-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Modem 2</td>
|
|
<td>SCC B</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-b-in and --scc-b-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td colspan="5" class="hwsubdiv">TT</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Modem 1</td>
|
|
<td>MFP</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DB-25</td>
|
|
<td>--rs232-in and --rs232-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Serial 1</td>
|
|
<td>TT MFP</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td></td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote">Only 3 wires, not really usable (not emulated), using daughter board in the VME slot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Serial 2</td>
|
|
<td>SCC A</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-a-in and --scc-a-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote">Using daughter board in the VME slot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Lan</td>
|
|
<td>SCC A</td>
|
|
<td>RS422 MiniDIN 8p</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-a-lan-in and --scc-a-lan-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Modem 2</td>
|
|
<td>SCC B</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-b-in and --scc-b-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td colspan="5" class="hwsubdiv">Falcon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Lan</td>
|
|
<td>SCC A</td>
|
|
<td>RS422 MiniDIN 8p</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-a-lan-in and --scc-a-lan-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Modem</td>
|
|
<td>SCC B</td>
|
|
<td>RS232C DP-9P</td>
|
|
<td>--scc-b-in and --scc-b-out</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote"></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
<tfoot>
|
|
<tr class="backdropped" style="text-align:center;">
|
|
<td class="hwfeat">Port Name</td>
|
|
<td style="width:6%;">HW</td>
|
|
<td style="width:6%;">Physical Port </td>
|
|
<td style="width:6%;">Corresponding Options</td>
|
|
<td class="hwnote">Notes</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tfoot>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="Floppy_disk_images">Floppy disk images</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Hatari does not use floppy disks directly but disk images due to
|
|
differences between the floppy disk controllers of the ST and the PC.
|
|
Several types of disk images are currently supported :
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
the raw "ST" type
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
the similar "DIM" type (not widely used)
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
the compressed "MSA" (Magic-Shadow-Archiver) type
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
the "STX" type that can store low level disk layout. This format is mainly
|
|
used to dump original games with their protection. Those images are created
|
|
on a real ST using pasti.prg
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
the "IPF", "RAW" and "CTR" types require the caps library. Similar to STX, they
|
|
record disk layout, but at a much precise level by storing MFM data. Most of
|
|
these dumps are made with the Kryoflux board
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p> The raw type (file suffix should be "*.st") is simply a sector by
|
|
sector image of a real floppy disk. You can easily create such an image
|
|
with the <span class="commandline">dd</span> program which should
|
|
normally be pre-installed on every
|
|
Unix-like system. Simply type something like <span class="commandline">dd
|
|
if=/dev/fd0 of=myimage.st</span> to create a disk image. Of course you
|
|
need access to
|
|
/dev/fd0, and depending on your system and the type of floppy disk you
|
|
might have to use another device name here (for example I use
|
|
/dev/fd0u720 for 720kB disks). However, if the disk is copy-protected
|
|
or
|
|
doesn't use a MSDOS compatible file system, this might fail. So be very
|
|
careful if you are not sure about the disk format. </p>
|
|
<p> The other possibility is to image the disk on a real Atari ST.
|
|
For non-protected disk, there
|
|
are programs like the Magic Shadow Archiver for this task. Hatari
|
|
supports this slightly compressed MSA disk images, too. Note that
|
|
Hatari
|
|
only supports the "old" MSA format, there are some Magic Shadow
|
|
Archiver
|
|
clones (like Jay-MSA) that create better compressed but
|
|
Hatari-incompatible disk images. However, if you have got such a MSA
|
|
disk and want to use it with Hatari, you can still run the
|
|
corresponding
|
|
MSA program within Hatari to extract the incompatible disk image to a
|
|
normal floppy disk image.
|
|
<p>
|
|
For protected disk, the most widely used method is to run pasti.prg on
|
|
a real Atari ST and get a .STX image.
|
|
<br/>
|
|
For more complex protections or altered disk, one can use *.IPF or *.CTR
|
|
which include tools to check MFM data and possible problems when dumping a disk.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p> While *.ST, *.MSA and *.STX are more or less the "standard" types of Atari
|
|
disk images, you might sometimes also find STT or ADF images on the
|
|
internet. These currently do not work with Hatari. </p>
|
|
<p>Hatari can now also utilize *.DIM images just as *.ST ones without
|
|
any problems.
|
|
Note that DIM images are nearly the same as the raw ST images
|
|
(they only have an additional 32 bytes header), so you can easily
|
|
transform
|
|
the DIM images into ST images by stripping the header from the files.
|
|
For example try something like:
|
|
<span class="commandline">dd if=input.dim of=output.st bs=32 skip=1</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p> If you have got a disk image that has been created with the old ST
|
|
emulator PaCifiST (for DOS) or with early versions of the program
|
|
Makedisk, and the disk image does not work with Hatari, then the disk
|
|
probably suffers from the "PaCifiST bootsector bug" (Hatari will
|
|
display a
|
|
warning message then). In this case, the bootsector of the disk
|
|
contains some illegal data, so that the disk even does not work on a
|
|
real ST any more. However, if it is a .ST and not a .MSA disk, you can
|
|
easily fix it by using a hex-editor to change the byte at offset $D
|
|
(13)
|
|
from 0 to 1 (don't forget to backup your disk image first, since you
|
|
can also easily destroy your disk image when changing a wrong byte
|
|
there). If the disk contains a bootsector program, you probably have to
|
|
adjust the boot sector check sum, too (it can be found at offset $1FE +
|
|
$1FF). </p>
|
|
<p>Hatari supports disk images that are compressed with (Pk-)ZIP
|
|
(file suffix must be ".zip") or GZip (file suffix must be ".st.gz" or
|
|
".msa.gz"), so you can archive your disk images into zip archives.
|
|
You can also directly run the zip archives you may download from the
|
|
net as long as the archive contains a disk image in .ST or .MSA format.</p>
|
|
<p><em>Note:</em> Hatari does not save disk images back to *.ZIP files
|
|
so
|
|
your highscores and savegames are lost if you load the game from such
|
|
a zipped disk image.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Floppy formatting</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Low level floppy formatting uses write track FDC command. Because
|
|
simpler floppy image formats like ST / MSA don't have such low level
|
|
information, they can't be low level formatted. For empty ST floppy
|
|
images, one can use "create blank disk" in Hatari options "Floppy
|
|
disks" dialog (see "The Floppy Disks Dialog" section).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Hatari supports low level track writes (and formatting) only for
|
|
the STX format</em>. Hatari implements that by doing all track writes
|
|
to a separate *.wd1772 overlay file. To test it, copy some .STX file
|
|
for example to "empty.stx". Format it from desktop, or use a separate
|
|
formatting program like Fastcopy. This should create an additional
|
|
"empty.wd1772" file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
(Note: IPF format itself is complete enough, but capslibrary doesn't
|
|
yet have the required write support.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Hard disk support</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Hatari supports three ways of emulating Atari hard drives: The
|
|
low-level ACSI and IDE hard drive emulation and a GEMDOS based HD
|
|
emulation. In most cases the GEMDOS HD emulation is best as it allows
|
|
exchanging files easily between the emulated and the host environment.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Please note that changing the HD-image or the GEMDOS HD-folder will reset
|
|
the emulated Atari since it is not possible to switch the hard drive
|
|
while the emulator is running.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
On a 32-bit host system, the size of a hard disk image is limited to 2 GB.
|
|
On 64-bit host systems, bigger images might be possible but the support
|
|
for bigger images is not tested very well yet.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The maximum size of partitions inside the hard disk (images) depends on the
|
|
TOS version. TOS 1.00 and 1.02 support up to 256 MiB, TOS 1.04 to 3.06 up to
|
|
512 MiB and TOS 4.0x supports up to 1 GB partitions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
NOTE: you need to be careful when mounting device files. Depending on
|
|
the system setup (e.g. udev settings) partitions on memory cards etc.
|
|
can be mounted automatically. When Hatari is started and uses a device
|
|
file with partitions that are already mounted, data can be destroyed
|
|
(when several programs independently write to the same device).
|
|
Disable your desktop automount, or remember to manually unmount
|
|
devices before giving them to Hatari.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>GEMDOS based hard drive emulation</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
With GEMDOS HD emulation, you can easily "mount" a folder from the
|
|
host file system to a drive of the emulated Atari.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you provide Hatari a directory containing only single letter (C-Z)
|
|
subdirectories, each of these subdirectories will be treated as a
|
|
separate partition, otherwise the given directory itself will be
|
|
assigned to drive "C:". In the multiple partition case, the letters
|
|
used as the subdirectory names will determine to which
|
|
drives/partitions they're assigned. For example following
|
|
directory setup:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
partitions/
|
|
+ C/
|
|
+ D/
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
That is given to Hatari as "hatari -d partitions", will give you
|
|
GEMDOS HD emulated C: and D: drives.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GEMDOS HD emulation is an easy way to share files between the
|
|
host system and the emulated Atari, but there are also several
|
|
<strong>limitations</strong>:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Directory entries are returned in a (case-insensitively) sorted
|
|
order, for consistency. E.g. moving files to a different directory and
|
|
back (without changing their names) like AUTOSORT does, doesn't change
|
|
that order. You need to rename the files.</li>
|
|
<li>Names which aren't valid TOS directory or file names, are converted
|
|
to a valid format. If there are multiple files which converted
|
|
names are identical in TOS-format, you see only one of those.</li>
|
|
<li>Host file paths need to be shorter than 256 characters currently
|
|
(like Atari side TOS file paths).</li>
|
|
<li>It is not possible to use a cartridge image at the same time
|
|
with GEMDOS HD emulation (Hatari has its own cartridge code
|
|
that is used for GEMDOS HD emulation).</li>
|
|
<li>Anything that installs its own GEMDOS handler, like MiNT, does not work
|
|
with GEMDOS HD emulation. Such things need to be run from a real hard disk
|
|
image, or in case of MiNT, use OLDTOSFS for GEMDOS HD access.</li>
|
|
<li>GEMDOS HD file handles start from index 64. If programs have more
|
|
files open on <i>non-GEMDOS HD drives</i>, i.e. their indexes increase
|
|
over 64, accesses to those indexes could get routed (incorrectly) to
|
|
GEMDOS HD drive instead</li>
|
|
<li>GEMDOS HD supports up to 64 file handles (TOS supports slightly more).</li>
|
|
<li>GEMDOS HD drive assignment can conflict with the ACSI and IDE hard
|
|
drives. If you want to use GEMDOS HD directory and ACSI/IDE disk
|
|
images together, either use the GEMDOS HD option for skipping ACSI
|
|
& IDE partitions, or use a multiple partition GEMDOS HD emulation
|
|
setup and select the partition subdirectory names (see above) so that
|
|
they do not conflict with the drive letters for ACSI/IDE partitions.
|
|
With HD Driver you have also another option,
|
|
see <a href="#Using_HD_Driver_with_GEMDOS_partitions">Using HD Driver
|
|
with GEMDOS HD partitions</a>.</li>
|
|
<li><em>The GEMDOS HD emulation does not work (very well) with TOS
|
|
1.00 and 1.02</em>. Use at least TOS 1.04 if you want the GEMDOS HD
|
|
emulation to work properly.</li>
|
|
<li>Ddelete() directory removal works <em>only</em> for directories which
|
|
have no files.</li>
|
|
<li>Fforce() file handle redirection works <em>only</em> for standard
|
|
handles used with GEMDOS <em>file</em> functions, such as Fwrite() to standard
|
|
output that is redirected to a file. File redirection is NOT supported
|
|
e.g. for GEMDOS Ccon* console functions.</li>
|
|
<li>Only FsFirst() / FsNext() calls support drive volume labels, other
|
|
GEMDOS calls return errors when volume label attribute is specified
|
|
<li>Host and emulation have their own clocks, which will drift apart
|
|
after emulation is started, especially when emulation is
|
|
fast-forwarded or paused. Because of this, anything inside emulation
|
|
that relies on file timestamps (e.g. build utilities) may not work as
|
|
expected if you modify the files on the host after emulation is
|
|
already running.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If your programs complain that they could not find/read/write
|
|
files on the GEMDOS emulated drive, you can copy and use them
|
|
from a floppy disk image or a real hard disk image instead.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>ACSI & IDE hard drive emulation with EmuTOS</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Accessing HD image files is easiest with EmuTOS. It supports both
|
|
ASCI and IDE interfaces, regardless of emulated machine type, and
|
|
understands DOS partition tables without additional drivers.
|
|
<span class="commandline">atari-hd-image.sh</span> script coming
|
|
with Hatari can be used to create such image files and to copy
|
|
initial data to them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you have an hard drive (image) with Atari format partition table,
|
|
that should already have hard disk driver on it and work fine. Only
|
|
partitioning/formatting them is the problem. Creating such images
|
|
from scratch is described in following sections.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that while EmuTOS supports Atari format partition tables, and
|
|
could access also hard disks with them, it doesn't run hard disk
|
|
driver installed to the drive. For such drives, it may be better to
|
|
use a suitable Atari TOS version.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="ACSI_hard_drive_emulation">ACSI hard drive emulation</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To use the ACSI hard drive emulation, you need a hard disk image file
|
|
with a pre-installed HD driver in it. You can try to get an image of
|
|
your old ST hard disk or grab one from the internet (e.g. from the
|
|
Hatari website).
|
|
Please note that the size of ACSI hard drive is normally limited to 1 GB
|
|
due to some addressing constraints of the ACSI bus. Bigger disks were only
|
|
possible with certain host adapters – this behaviour is emulated by
|
|
Hatari, too, but you need a hard disk driver that supports these extensions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To create a <em>new</em> ACSI hard disk image, you can start with an empty
|
|
image that you have created for example with the following command:
|
|
<span class="commandline">dd if=/dev/zero of=hd.img bs=512 count=xxx</span>
|
|
(where 'xxx' is size in 512 byte blocks). Copy the complete AHDI 5.0
|
|
package to a floppy disk image, then boot Hatari with this floppy disk
|
|
image and the fresh hard disk image like this:
|
|
<span class="commandline">--acsi hd.img ahdi.st</span>.
|
|
Then start HDX.PRG from the floppy disk and format + partition the hard
|
|
disk image with it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Formatting and partitioning works currently only with AHDI 5, but you
|
|
can install the AHDI 6 driver to the hard disk after it is formatted.
|
|
Restart the emulated system, run AHDI.PRG from the floppy disk to access
|
|
the hard disk image from the emulated Atari and then run HINSTALL.PRG.
|
|
After installing the hard disk driver to the fresh HD image with
|
|
HINSTALL.PRG, you can boot directly from the hard disk image.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
HD Driver (v9) partitioning is also compatible with Hatari ACSI
|
|
emulation. CBHD and ICDPro AdSCSI drivers work on images which have
|
|
been partitioned elsewhere.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>IDE hard drive emulation</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As the IDE disk format (little endian) differs from the ACSI disk format
|
|
(big endian), you need separate disk images for them. Hatari doesn't
|
|
currently support partitioning IDE disks with AHDI, but you can do it with
|
|
<em>Cécile</em>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
First create an empty image file with the size of your choice with:
|
|
<span class="commandline">dd if=/dev/zero of=hd.img bs=1k count=xxx</span>.
|
|
Then get the Cécile hard disk driver from
|
|
<a href="http://centek.free.fr/atari/softs/s_cecile.htm">http://centek.free.fr/atari/softs/s_cecile.htm</a>
|
|
and put it on a floppy disk image (e.g. to one named "cecile.st" using:
|
|
<span class="commandline">zip2st.sh cecile.zip</span>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Run Hatari with
|
|
<span class="commandline">hatari --machine falcon --tos tos404.rom
|
|
--ide-master hd.img cecile.st</span>, switch to larger color resolution
|
|
and warm up your French language skills. Then start the Cécile hard
|
|
disk driver CECILE.PRG and run CC_TOOLS.APP to partition your hard
|
|
disk image. Click the "Partition" button, select "Hatari IDE disk" and set
|
|
suitable partition size with the arrows (below type field). Then click
|
|
"Valider".
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you only want to use your HD image in Falcon mode, you can install
|
|
the Cécile hard disk driver to the image from the Cécile
|
|
CC_TOOLS.APP: Click the "Installer" button and save the Cécile driver
|
|
to the 1st partition on "Hatari IDE disk". If you want to also use your HD
|
|
image in ST/STE mode, you need to get and install either HD Driver or
|
|
AHDI 6 driver on it instead (see <a href="#ACSI_hard_drive_emulation">ASCI
|
|
hard drive emulation</a> section).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Then you can boot from your hard disk image by simply specifying it
|
|
with the <span class="commandline">--ide-master</span> parameter.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Moving files to/from hard disk images</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Moving files to and from Atari hard disk images can be done
|
|
either through GEMDOS HD partitions (host directories mounted inside
|
|
Hatari emulation) or accessing the images directly on the host
|
|
(outside the emulation). Both have their own limitations.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If it is fine for the IDE/ACSI partitions to be first, you can
|
|
either use ACSI/IDE partition skip option, or a multipartition GEMDOS
|
|
HD setup as described in above sections.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you want to boot from a GEMDOS HD partition i.e. such to be
|
|
before hard disk image partitions, and still to be able to access all
|
|
the IDE/ACSI partitions, you need to use HD Driver. Note: this is the
|
|
preferred method with EmuTOS (v0.9.x), because it doesn't run/use
|
|
driver installed to the IDE/ACSI image directly and has some limitations
|
|
in its partition table/type support.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="Using_HD_Driver_with_GEMDOS_partitions">Using HD Driver with GEMDOS partitions</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Uwe Seimet's <a href="https://www.hddriver.net/">HD Driver</a> works
|
|
fine with both the Hatari GEMDOS HD partitions and normal hard disk images.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>First copy the HDDRIVER.PRG binary into your GEMDOS HD emulation
|
|
directory AUTO folder. Then start the HDDRUTIL.APP configuration utility,
|
|
locate HDDRIVER.PRG, open the
|
|
<a href="https://www.hddriver.net/en/screenshots.html">"Devices
|
|
and Partitions" dialog</a> and select the "Preserve Existing Partitions"
|
|
option. Then you can just start Hatari with your hard disk image and
|
|
this GEMDOS HD directory, for example like this:
|
|
"<span class="commandline">hatari --harddrive gemdos-hd/ --ide-master
|
|
ide-hd.image</span>".</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you're using
|
|
the <a href="https://www.hddriver.net/en/demo.html">demo version
|
|
of HD Driver</a>, you can write files only to the C: partition, i.e. in
|
|
above case only copy files from the hard disk image partition to the
|
|
GEMDOS HD partition (with some write slowdowns included into the demo
|
|
version). If you want to copy files to the hard disk image with
|
|
the <em>demo</em> version of the HD Driver, you need to set the hard disk
|
|
image as drive C:.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>To accomplish this, set the GEMDOS HD partitions to be from D: forward,
|
|
i.e. have a directory which contains only single letter subdirectories,
|
|
starting from "D" like in "<span class="commandline">mkdir gemdos-hd;
|
|
mkdir gemdos-hd/D</span>". Then give Hatari (as the last parameter)
|
|
a boot floppy image containing the demo version of HDDRIVER.PRG in
|
|
its AUTO folder, like this: "<span class="commandline">hatari
|
|
--ide-master ide-hd.image --harddrive gemdos-hd/ hd-driver-floppy.st</span>".
|
|
You can convert HD Driver ZIP package to floppy image with the
|
|
<span class="commandline">zip2st</span> utility.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Accessing HDD image partitions outside of Hatari</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you want to access the hard disk image partitions also outside
|
|
the emulation, the disk image needs to have a DOS partition table.
|
|
The <span class="commandline">atari-hd-image</span> script included
|
|
with Hatari can be used to create such an image.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Inside the Hatari emulator, EmuTOS can access partition(s) on these
|
|
kind of images directly without any driver software. Of the Atari HD
|
|
drivers mentioned above, Centek's Cécile and Uwe Seimet's HD Driver
|
|
(demo) work fine with these partitions. E.g. AHDI and CBHD don't.
|
|
Cécile works only with TT or Falcon.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To summarise; if EmuTOS is enough, use that. Otherwise, if you want to
|
|
use TT or Falcon emulation, use Cécile (or full HD Driver version if
|
|
you have it), otherwise use HD Driver (demo).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To access the content of the partitions on Linux host, there are two
|
|
possibilities:
|
|
|
|
<h4>Using Mtools</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
For this you need to add an entry for the hard disk
|
|
image to your <span class="commandline">~/.mtoolsrc</span> and
|
|
specify which partition you want to access from the image. For
|
|
an image created with the above mentioned script, the line in
|
|
the configuration file should look something like this:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
MTOOLS_NO_VFAT=1
|
|
drive c: file="/home/user/hatari/hd.img" partition=1
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that Mtools is instructed to use FAT compatibility mode because
|
|
EmuTOS cannot deal properly with VFAT file information. If you don't
|
|
want this setting for all your Mtools drives, you can set it also via
|
|
the environment like this ("::" refers to the drive image given with
|
|
the "-i" option):
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
MTOOLS_NO_VFAT=1 mcopy -spmv -i hd.img files/* ::
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Using a loopback device</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This is recommended even by Mtools documentation, but it is less convenient
|
|
as it requires root rights. First you need to "loop" mount the image:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
$ su
|
|
# image="hd.img"; mountdir="hd"
|
|
# start=$(parted $image unit s print | awk '/ 1 /{print $2}' | tr -d s)
|
|
# losetup -f $image -o $((512*$start))
|
|
# loop=$(losetup -a | grep $image | cut -d: -f1)
|
|
# mkdir -p $mountdir
|
|
# mount -t msdos $loop $mountdir
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This uses <span class="commandline">parted</span> to find out the first
|
|
partition offset in sectors and then tells <span class="commandline">losetup</span>
|
|
to bind the first free loop device to a corresponding offset from
|
|
the <span class="commandline">hd.img</span> image.
|
|
<span class="commandline">mount</span> is then used to mount the file system
|
|
from the loop device on top of the "hd" directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
After you have copied the relevant files to the "hd" directory, you need
|
|
to unmount the file system and remove the loop device binding before
|
|
using the disk image from Hatari:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
# umount $mountdir
|
|
# losetup -d $loop
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Hatari performance varies between Atari programs, depending on what
|
|
features Hatari needs to emulate for them. Less accurate Atari
|
|
emulators may be faster as emulation accuracy has a performance
|
|
overhead.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The operating system and libraries below Hatari can also sometimes
|
|
have a noticeable effect on performance.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Hatari can be sped up considerably by giving up some emulation or
|
|
emulator accuracy. With ST/STe emulation, these options should be
|
|
needed only on slow devices, typically ARM and/or mobile ones (e.g.
|
|
Raspberry Pi).
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Operating system components performance</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Finding out whether there's a performance problem with the system
|
|
components (like SDL) in your setup, requires profiling Hatari and
|
|
rest of the system. How to do that is OS specific. On Linux that would
|
|
involve running "perf record -a" command (as root) on the background
|
|
for few minutes while Hatari is running, and then investigating
|
|
the results with "perf report" command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Some other process eating CPU cycles from Hatari one can see just with
|
|
the (Linux/Unix) "top" command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Build options impact on performance</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Compiler</em>: Unless you have disabled compiler optimizations
|
|
(like GCC's -O2 or -O3 options) in the Hatari build, the extra
|
|
optimization flags (like GCC's "-mtune=i686") don't seem to have very
|
|
large effect on Hatari performance. Using GCC -O3 option instead of
|
|
-O2 can give minor (5-10%) performance improvements for things (mainly
|
|
demos) that use very heavily interrupts.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Older versions</em>: If nothing else helps, try (building) much
|
|
earlier Hatari version. More accurate emulation in newer Hatari
|
|
versions means that they can be slower despite optimizations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Run-time emulation options</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Emulation options have the largest impact on Hatari performance. These
|
|
options can be changed from the Hatari GUI System and CPU dialogs and
|
|
the emulation needs to be rebooted for any of these changes to take an
|
|
effect! They are enabled by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>DSP (Falcon)</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Emulating the Falcon DSP is performance-wise several times more demanding
|
|
than emulating the m68k; DSP runs at higher frequency, executes many
|
|
instructions for each m68k instruction and emulation isn't as mature
|
|
and optimized. Unless some Falcon program needs DSP, <em>none</em> or
|
|
<em>dummy</em> DSP emulation mode could be used. Even of the programs
|
|
that do use DSP, many use it only for background music and work
|
|
fine without the real DSP emulation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>CPU: data cache emulation (030/TT/Falcon)</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
CPU core supports >=030 data cache emulation for better m68k
|
|
performance and cycle accuracy. This is very heavy. Unless program
|
|
needs cycle accuracy to work correctly, you can disable it. Many
|
|
Falcon demos need it, applications and games normally don't.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>CPU: cycle exact</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
CPU core cycle supports CPU instruction cache emulation for cycle
|
|
accuracy. This is heavy for >= 020 m68k CPUs. Unless program needs
|
|
cycle accuracy to work correctly, you can disable it. Many Falcon
|
|
demos need it, applications and games normally don't.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Timer-D</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
With ST/STe, the single largest factor contributing to general Hatari
|
|
emulation performance is the handling of interrupts. Enabling Timer-D
|
|
patching option greatly improves Hatari ST/STE emulation performance
|
|
as it significantly reduces the number of interrupts generated by the
|
|
emulated Atari machine. Using this has adverse effect only for very
|
|
rare programs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>FDC</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
While accurate FDC emulation doesn't take that much CPU, it slows down
|
|
floppy image accesses (and Hatari startup) a lot. Only <em>very</em>
|
|
few demos and games require accurate FDC emulation for their copy
|
|
protection, so enabling fast floppy access is fairly safe.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>CPU: prefetch</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
After the DSP, cycle accuracy and interrupts, m68k emulation takes
|
|
most time. Disabling the "Prefetch" / "Compatible" option can speed up
|
|
the emulation noticeably, but it will be less accurate. This can be
|
|
fine for many games and other programs, but won't work e.g. for demos
|
|
using overscan or rasters. This is recommended only as a last resort.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Roughly speaking, for Falcon DSP emulation with cycle exact 030 cache
|
|
emulation, one needs <em>at least</em> 3Ghz machine. For normal (unpatched)
|
|
Timer-D frequency on some specific cases (like demos with overscan 512
|
|
color animations) one may need over 1GHz machine for ST/STE emulation,
|
|
but some rare demos may require over 1GHz machine even with Timer-D
|
|
patching.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>NOTE</strong>: Above options may cause some programs to work incorrectly.
|
|
The <a href="compatibility.html">Hatari Software Compatibility List</a>
|
|
lists programs known to need real Falcon DSP emulation, Timer-D
|
|
frequency or accurate FDC timings.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Emulator options</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Emulator options don't usually have as large effect on performance as
|
|
emulation options, but they don't affect the emulated programs at all,
|
|
just the quality of the emulation "output". These options can also
|
|
be toggled at run-time without rebooting the emulation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Sound</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Internal Hatari sound handling and the SDL_mixer sound thread
|
|
libALSA sound processing can account up to 1/3 of the Hatari CPU usage
|
|
in normal ST/STE emulation. Disabling sound will get rid of that.
|
|
Using low sound frequency or one matching your sound card may also help.
|
|
Best is if you disable also background music from the programs you run
|
|
in Hatari as this can significantly reduce the number of generated
|
|
interrupts.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If program supports both ST and STE, use STE. Emulating DMA sound, is
|
|
more lightweight than interrupt heavy ST sound.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If problem is occasional performance related audio glitches, increasing
|
|
the sound buffer size (with "--sound-buffer-size" option) may help, but
|
|
it increases sound latency.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Frame skipping</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Screen rendering can take noticeable amount of CPU time. The default
|
|
Hatari "auto" frame skipping should be used unless there's a good
|
|
reason not to. It will skip converting and showing some of the frames
|
|
if there's not enough time for them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Also, if your monitor refresh frequency is lower than the selected
|
|
Hatari monitor frequency (e.g. LCD monitors usually use 60Hz whereas
|
|
Atari monochrome monitor uses 71Hz), you should use frameskip of one.
|
|
The reason is that if your SDL library uses VSync to synchronize the
|
|
output to screen, with zero frame skip that forces the emulation to
|
|
run slower than a real Atari. If SDL doesn't use VSync, Hatari does
|
|
redundant work to convert frames you can't see.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Zooming</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you are not using frame skip, disabling zooming can have
|
|
noticeable improvement on performance. You can do this by specifying
|
|
suitably low "Max zoomed" resolution (<span class="commandline">--zoom
|
|
1</span> command line option sets it to 320x200 for ST-low resolution).
|
|
If you still want to have a nice fullscreen mode, you should rather
|
|
add the right resolution mode-lines (e.g. "320x200") to your xorg.conf
|
|
file. If you still want to use zooming, disabling borders may help a
|
|
bit.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Spec512 color handling</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Handling Spec512 color modes which change the ST/e palette constantly
|
|
takes some extra CPU. If you have problems with CPU usage in such
|
|
screens and you care more e.g. from the sound quality than visuals, you
|
|
can either increase the threshold or disable the Spec512 mode handling
|
|
completely by zeroing the threshold for that with the
|
|
<span class="commandline">--spec512 0</span> option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4>Statusbar and drive LED</h4>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If your version of the SDL library uses VSync to synchronize the screen
|
|
output, drawing of the statusbar or the drive LED may have some minor
|
|
impact on performance too. Normally they shouldn't.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Measuring the performance</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are a couple of ways to monitor and measure Hatari performance.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
By default Hatari has Statusbar visible and automatic frameskip
|
|
enabled. When Hatari has enough time that it can sleep a little each
|
|
frame, the statusbar frame skip ("FS") value keeps at zero. If Hatari
|
|
is completely busy, it will increase to the maximum specified
|
|
(automatic) frame skip value.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Hatari has also a facility to measure FPS i.e. Frames Per Second.
|
|
Enable frame skipping with
|
|
<span class="commandline">--fast-forward yes</span> option
|
|
(or use the corresponding keyboard shortcut) and set
|
|
<span class="commandline">--log-level info</span>.
|
|
Then after a while, press the "Pause" key. Whenever Hatari emulation
|
|
is paused, Hatari will output on console info on how many VBLs it
|
|
could show per second, along with some other numbers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
It depends on what you want to measure, but usually it is best to
|
|
disable sound and set high frame skip like
|
|
<span class="commandline">--sound off --frameskips 60</span> so that
|
|
the associated external overheads are minimized. E.g. video output
|
|
can on some platforms do VSync and measurements would then show your
|
|
monitor refresh frequency instead of the actual Hatari performance.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
On Unix systems with <span class="commandline">times()</span> function
|
|
call, only the time spent by the Hatari process itself is measured.
|
|
On other systems, much less accurate SDL "wall clock" timings are
|
|
used. To make latter more accurate you could use also
|
|
<span class="commandline">--run-vbls</span> option to specify how many
|
|
VBLs Hatari should run before it exits. In this case it is best to
|
|
either have the test-case run automatically from the AUTO-folder or
|
|
given as memory snapshot to Hatari with the frame skip set equal to
|
|
the VBL count.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that these numbers can fluctuate quite a bit, <em>especially</em>
|
|
when the SDL timings are used, so for (statistically) reliable numbers
|
|
you may need to repeat the measurement several times. You should of
|
|
course make also sure that the system doesn't have any other activity
|
|
at the same time you are making the measurements.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Appendix</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Copying</h3>
|
|
|
|
<div class="backdropped">
|
|
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
|
the
|
|
Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
|
|
option) any later version. </p>
|
|
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but <em>WITHOUT
|
|
ANY WARRANTY</em>; without even the implied warranty of <em>MERCHANTABILITY</em>
|
|
or <em>FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE</em>. See the GNU General
|
|
Public License for more details. </p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|
along with this program; if not, see:
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Introduction to Emulation</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Emulation via software is an art and Hatari is an example of this.</p>
|
|
<p>Emulation is to make a computer behave like a (probably) completely
|
|
different machine on the lowest possible level.
|
|
This includes CPU and custom chip emulation allowing software written
|
|
for the emulated machine to be run without it noticing a difference.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The key to emulation is to simply do those things with a software
|
|
program, the emulator, that normally chips would perform.
|
|
So you have an CPU emulator that basically consists of a large loop
|
|
that does exactly what the real thing would do:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>fetch an instruction from virtual memory</li>
|
|
<li>interpret this instruction</li>
|
|
<li>fetch operands from the emulated registers and memory</li>
|
|
<li>perform the operation like addition or changing the program
|
|
counter on a jump instruction</li>
|
|
<li>writes results back into the intended registers or memory
|
|
locations</li>
|
|
<li>increment of the program counter and loop</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The typical von-Neumann CPU can be emulated very fast, stable and
|
|
error-free using such a simple loop system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
But in most cases the CPU emulation is the simplest part. Correct
|
|
emulation of the various custom chips and hardware parts of the
|
|
emulated system, and their proper synchronization, is much trickier.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|