ppsspp/GPU/GLES/TransformPipeline.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2012- PPSSPP Project.

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, version 2.0 or later versions.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License 2.0 for more details.

// A copy of the GPL 2.0 should have been included with the program.
// If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/

// Official git repository and contact information can be found at
// https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp and http://www.ppsspp.org/.

// Ideas for speeding things up on mobile OpenGL ES implementations
//
// Use superbuffers! Yes I just invented that name.
//
// The idea is to avoid respecifying the vertex format between every draw call (multiple glVertexAttribPointer ...)
// by combining the contents of multiple draw calls into one buffer, as long as
// they have exactly the same output vertex format. (different input formats is fine! This way
// we can combine the data for multiple draws with different numbers of bones, as we consider numbones < 4 to be = 4)
// into one VBO.
//
// This will likely be a win because I believe that between every change of VBO + glVertexAttribPointer*N, the driver will
// perform a lot of validation, probably at draw call time, while all the validation can be skipped if the only thing
// that changes between two draw calls is simple state or texture or a matrix etc, not anything vertex related.
// Also the driver will have to manage hundreds instead of thousands of VBOs in games like GTA.
//
// * Every 10 frames or something, do the following:
//   - Frame 1:
//		 + Mark all drawn buffers with in-frame sequence numbers (alternatively,
//		   just log them in an array)
//	 - Frame 2 (beginning?):
//	   + Take adjacent buffers that have the same output vertex format, and add them
//	     to a list of buffers to combine. Create said buffers with appropriate sizes
//	     and precompute the offsets that the draws should be written into.
//	 - Frame 2 (end):
//	   + Actually do the work of combining the buffers. This probably means re-decoding
//	     the vertices into a new one. Will also have to apply index offsets.
//
// Also need to change the drawing code so that we don't glBindBuffer and respecify glVAP if
// two subsequent drawcalls come from the same superbuffer.
//
// Or we ignore all of this including vertex caching and simply find a way to do highly optimized vertex streaming,
// like Dolphin is trying to. That will likely never be able to reach the same speed as perfectly optimized
// superbuffers though. For this we will have to JIT the vertex decoder but that's not too hard.
//
// Now, when do we delete superbuffers? Maybe when half the buffers within have been killed?
//
// Another idea for GTA which switches textures a lot while not changing much other state is to use ES 3 Array
// textures, if they are the same size (even if they aren't, might be okay to simply resize the textures to match
// if they're just a multiple of 2 away) or something. Then we'd have to add a W texture coordinate to choose the
// texture within the bound texture array to the vertex data when merging into superbuffers.
//
// There are even more things to try. For games that do matrix palette skinning by quickly switching bones and
// just drawing a few triangles per call (NBA, FF:CC, Tekken 6 etc) we could even collect matrices, upload them
// all at once, writing matrix indices into the vertices in addition to the weights, and then doing a single
// draw call with specially generated shader to draw the whole mesh. This code will be seriously complex though.

#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/timeutil.h"

#include "Common/MemoryUtil.h"
#include "Core/MemMap.h"
#include "Core/Host.h"
#include "Core/System.h"
#include "Core/Reporting.h"
#include "Core/Config.h"
#include "Core/CoreTiming.h"

#include "native/gfx_es2/gl_state.h"

#include "GPU/Math3D.h"
#include "GPU/GPUState.h"
#include "GPU/ge_constants.h"

#include "GPU/Common/TextureDecoder.h"
#include "GPU/Common/SplineCommon.h"
#include "GPU/Common/VertexDecoderCommon.h"
#include "GPU/Common/SoftwareTransformCommon.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/FragmentTestCache.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/StateMapping.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/TextureCache.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/TransformPipeline.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/ShaderManager.h"
#include "GPU/GLES/GLES_GPU.h"

extern const GLuint glprim[8] = {
	GL_POINTS,
	GL_LINES,
	GL_LINE_STRIP,
	GL_TRIANGLES,
	GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,
	GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,
	GL_TRIANGLES,
	// With OpenGL ES we have to expand sprites (rects) into triangles, tripling the data instead of doubling.
	// Sigh. OpenGL ES, Y U NO SUPPORT GL_QUADS?
	// We can use it on the desktop though, but we don't yet. There we could also use geometry shaders anyway.
};

enum {
	TRANSFORMED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE = VERTEX_BUFFER_MAX * sizeof(TransformedVertex)
};

#define QUAD_INDICES_MAX 65536

#define VERTEXCACHE_DECIMATION_INTERVAL 17
#define VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE 64
#define VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_FULL_SIZE 80

enum { VAI_KILL_AGE = 120, VAI_UNRELIABLE_KILL_AGE = 240, VAI_UNRELIABLE_KILL_MAX = 4 };


TransformDrawEngine::TransformDrawEngine()
	: decodedVerts_(0),
		prevPrim_(GE_PRIM_INVALID),
		dec_(0),
		lastVType_(-1),
		shaderManager_(0),
		textureCache_(0),
		framebufferManager_(0),
		numDrawCalls(0),
		vertexCountInDrawCalls(0),
		decodeCounter_(0),
		dcid_(0),
		uvScale(0),
		fboTexBound_(false) {
	decimationCounter_ = VERTEXCACHE_DECIMATION_INTERVAL;
	memset(&decOptions_, 0, sizeof(decOptions_));
	decOptions_.expandAllUVtoFloat = false;
	// Allocate nicely aligned memory. Maybe graphics drivers will
	// appreciate it.
	// All this is a LOT of memory, need to see if we can cut down somehow.
	decoded = (u8 *)AllocateMemoryPages(DECODED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	decIndex = (u16 *)AllocateMemoryPages(DECODED_INDEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	splineBuffer = (u8 *)AllocateMemoryPages(SPLINE_BUFFER_SIZE);
	transformed = (TransformedVertex *)AllocateMemoryPages(TRANSFORMED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	transformedExpanded = (TransformedVertex *)AllocateMemoryPages(3 * TRANSFORMED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);

	quadIndices_ = new u16[6 * QUAD_INDICES_MAX];

	if (g_Config.bPrescaleUV) {
		uvScale = new UVScale[MAX_DEFERRED_DRAW_CALLS];
	}
	indexGen.Setup(decIndex);
	decJitCache_ = new VertexDecoderJitCache();

	InitDeviceObjects();
	register_gl_resource_holder(this);
}

TransformDrawEngine::~TransformDrawEngine() {
	DestroyDeviceObjects();
	FreeMemoryPages(decoded, DECODED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	FreeMemoryPages(decIndex, DECODED_INDEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	FreeMemoryPages(splineBuffer, SPLINE_BUFFER_SIZE);
	FreeMemoryPages(transformed, TRANSFORMED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	FreeMemoryPages(transformedExpanded, 3 * TRANSFORMED_VERTEX_BUFFER_SIZE);
	delete [] quadIndices_;

	unregister_gl_resource_holder(this);
	delete decJitCache_;
	for (auto iter = decoderMap_.begin(); iter != decoderMap_.end(); iter++) {
		delete iter->second;
	}
	delete [] uvScale;
}

void TransformDrawEngine::InitDeviceObjects() {
	if (bufferNameCache_.empty()) {
		bufferNameCache_.resize(VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE);
		glGenBuffers(VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE, &bufferNameCache_[0]);
	} else {
		ERROR_LOG(G3D, "Device objects already initialized!");
	}
}

void TransformDrawEngine::DestroyDeviceObjects() {
	if (!bufferNameCache_.empty()) {
		glstate.arrayBuffer.unbind();
		glstate.elementArrayBuffer.unbind();
		glDeleteBuffers((GLsizei)bufferNameCache_.size(), &bufferNameCache_[0]);
		bufferNameCache_.clear();
	}
	ClearTrackedVertexArrays();
}

void TransformDrawEngine::GLLost() {
	ILOG("TransformDrawEngine::GLLost()");
	// The objects have already been deleted.
	bufferNameCache_.clear();
	ClearTrackedVertexArrays();
	InitDeviceObjects();
}

struct GlTypeInfo {
	u16 type;
	u8 count;
	u8 normalized;
};

static const GlTypeInfo GLComp[] = {
	{0}, // 	DEC_NONE,
	{GL_FLOAT, 1, GL_FALSE}, // 	DEC_FLOAT_1,
	{GL_FLOAT, 2, GL_FALSE}, // 	DEC_FLOAT_2,
	{GL_FLOAT, 3, GL_FALSE}, // 	DEC_FLOAT_3,
	{GL_FLOAT, 4, GL_FALSE}, // 	DEC_FLOAT_4,
	{GL_BYTE, 4, GL_TRUE}, // 	DEC_S8_3,
	{GL_SHORT, 4, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_S16_3,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 1, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U8_1,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 2, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U8_2,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 3, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U8_3,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 4, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U8_4,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 1, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U16_1,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 2, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U16_2,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 3, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U16_3,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 4, GL_TRUE},// 	DEC_U16_4,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,  2, GL_FALSE},// 	DEC_U8A_2,
	{GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 2, GL_FALSE},// 	DEC_U16A_2,
};

static inline void VertexAttribSetup(int attrib, int fmt, int stride, u8 *ptr) {
	if (attrib != -1 && fmt) {
		const GlTypeInfo &type = GLComp[fmt];
		glVertexAttribPointer(attrib, type.count, type.type, type.normalized, stride, ptr);
	}
}

// TODO: Use VBO and get rid of the vertexData pointers - with that, we will supply only offsets
static void SetupDecFmtForDraw(LinkedShader *program, const DecVtxFormat &decFmt, u8 *vertexData) {
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_W1, decFmt.w0fmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.w0off);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_W2, decFmt.w1fmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.w1off);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_TEXCOORD, decFmt.uvfmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.uvoff);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_COLOR0, decFmt.c0fmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.c0off);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_COLOR1, decFmt.c1fmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.c1off);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_NORMAL, decFmt.nrmfmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.nrmoff);
	VertexAttribSetup(ATTR_POSITION, decFmt.posfmt, decFmt.stride, vertexData + decFmt.posoff);
}

VertexDecoder *TransformDrawEngine::GetVertexDecoder(u32 vtype) {
	auto iter = decoderMap_.find(vtype);
	if (iter != decoderMap_.end())
		return iter->second;
	VertexDecoder *dec = new VertexDecoder();
	dec->SetVertexType(vtype, decOptions_, decJitCache_);
	decoderMap_[vtype] = dec;
	return dec;
}

void TransformDrawEngine::SetupVertexDecoder(u32 vertType) {
	SetupVertexDecoderInternal(vertType);
}

inline void TransformDrawEngine::SetupVertexDecoderInternal(u32 vertType) {
	// As the decoder depends on the UVGenMode when we use UV prescale, we simply mash it
	// into the top of the verttype where there are unused bits.
	const u32 vertTypeID = (vertType & 0xFFFFFF) | (gstate.getUVGenMode() << 24);

	// If vtype has changed, setup the vertex decoder.
	if (vertTypeID != lastVType_) {
		dec_ = GetVertexDecoder(vertTypeID);
		lastVType_ = vertTypeID;
	}
}

void TransformDrawEngine::SubmitPrim(void *verts, void *inds, GEPrimitiveType prim, int vertexCount, u32 vertType, int *bytesRead) {
	if (!indexGen.PrimCompatible(prevPrim_, prim) || numDrawCalls >= MAX_DEFERRED_DRAW_CALLS || vertexCountInDrawCalls + vertexCount > VERTEX_BUFFER_MAX)
		Flush();

	// TODO: Is this the right thing to do?
	if (prim == GE_PRIM_KEEP_PREVIOUS) {
		prim = prevPrim_ != GE_PRIM_INVALID ? prevPrim_ : GE_PRIM_POINTS;
	} else {
		prevPrim_ = prim;
	}

	SetupVertexDecoderInternal(vertType);

	*bytesRead = vertexCount * dec_->VertexSize();

	if ((vertexCount < 2 && prim > 0) || (vertexCount < 3 && prim > 2 && prim != GE_PRIM_RECTANGLES))
		return;

	DeferredDrawCall &dc = drawCalls[numDrawCalls];
	dc.verts = verts;
	dc.inds = inds;
	dc.vertType = vertType;
	dc.indexType = (vertType & GE_VTYPE_IDX_MASK) >> GE_VTYPE_IDX_SHIFT;
	dc.prim = prim;
	dc.vertexCount = vertexCount;

	u32 dhash = dcid_;
	dhash ^= (u32)(uintptr_t)verts;
	dhash = __rotl(dhash, 13);
	dhash ^= (u32)(uintptr_t)inds;
	dhash = __rotl(dhash, 13);
	dhash ^= (u32)vertType;
	dhash = __rotl(dhash, 13);
	dhash ^= (u32)vertexCount;
	dhash = __rotl(dhash, 13);
	dhash ^= (u32)prim;
	dcid_ = dhash;

	if (inds) {
		GetIndexBounds(inds, vertexCount, vertType, &dc.indexLowerBound, &dc.indexUpperBound);
	} else {
		dc.indexLowerBound = 0;
		dc.indexUpperBound = vertexCount - 1;
	}

	if (uvScale) {
		uvScale[numDrawCalls] = gstate_c.uv;
	}

	numDrawCalls++;
	vertexCountInDrawCalls += vertexCount;

	if (g_Config.bSoftwareSkinning && (vertType & GE_VTYPE_WEIGHT_MASK)) {
		DecodeVertsStep();
		decodeCounter_++;
	}

	if (prim == GE_PRIM_RECTANGLES && (gstate.getTextureAddress(0) & 0x3FFFFFFF) == (gstate.getFrameBufAddress() & 0x3FFFFFFF)) {
		// Rendertarget == texture?
		if (!g_Config.bDisableSlowFramebufEffects) {
			gstate_c.textureChanged |= TEXCHANGE_PARAMSONLY;
			Flush();
		}
	}
}

void TransformDrawEngine::DecodeVerts() {
	if (uvScale) {
		const UVScale origUV = gstate_c.uv;
		for (; decodeCounter_ < numDrawCalls; decodeCounter_++) {
			gstate_c.uv = uvScale[decodeCounter_];
			DecodeVertsStep();
		}
		gstate_c.uv = origUV;
	} else {
		for (; decodeCounter_ < numDrawCalls; decodeCounter_++) {
			DecodeVertsStep();
		}
	}
	// Sanity check
	if (indexGen.Prim() < 0) {
		ERROR_LOG_REPORT(G3D, "DecodeVerts: Failed to deduce prim: %i", indexGen.Prim());
		// Force to points (0)
		indexGen.AddPrim(GE_PRIM_POINTS, 0);
	}
}

void TransformDrawEngine::DecodeVertsStep() {
	const int i = decodeCounter_;

	const DeferredDrawCall &dc = drawCalls[i];

	indexGen.SetIndex(decodedVerts_);
	int indexLowerBound = dc.indexLowerBound, indexUpperBound = dc.indexUpperBound;

	u32 indexType = dc.indexType;
	if (indexType == (GE_VTYPE_IDX_NONE >> GE_VTYPE_IDX_SHIFT)) {
		// Decode the verts and apply morphing. Simple.
		dec_->DecodeVerts(decoded + decodedVerts_ * (int)dec_->GetDecVtxFmt().stride,
			dc.verts, indexLowerBound, indexUpperBound);
		decodedVerts_ += indexUpperBound - indexLowerBound + 1;
		indexGen.AddPrim(dc.prim, dc.vertexCount);
	} else {
		// It's fairly common that games issue long sequences of PRIM calls, with differing
		// inds pointer but the same base vertex pointer. We'd like to reuse vertices between
		// these as much as possible, so we make sure here to combine as many as possible
		// into one nice big drawcall, sharing data.

		// 1. Look ahead to find the max index, only looking as "matching" drawcalls.
		//    Expand the lower and upper bounds as we go.
		int lastMatch = i;
		const int total = numDrawCalls;
		if (uvScale) {
			for (int j = i + 1; j < total; ++j) {
				if (drawCalls[j].verts != dc.verts)
					break;
				if (memcmp(&uvScale[j], &uvScale[i], sizeof(uvScale[0])) != 0)
					break;

				indexLowerBound = std::min(indexLowerBound, (int)drawCalls[j].indexLowerBound);
				indexUpperBound = std::max(indexUpperBound, (int)drawCalls[j].indexUpperBound);
				lastMatch = j;
			}
		} else {
			for (int j = i + 1; j < total; ++j) {
				if (drawCalls[j].verts != dc.verts)
					break;

				indexLowerBound = std::min(indexLowerBound, (int)drawCalls[j].indexLowerBound);
				indexUpperBound = std::max(indexUpperBound, (int)drawCalls[j].indexUpperBound);
				lastMatch = j;
			}
		}

		// 2. Loop through the drawcalls, translating indices as we go.
		switch (indexType) {
		case GE_VTYPE_IDX_8BIT >> GE_VTYPE_IDX_SHIFT:
			for (int j = i; j <= lastMatch; j++) {
				indexGen.TranslatePrim(drawCalls[j].prim, drawCalls[j].vertexCount, (const u8 *)drawCalls[j].inds, indexLowerBound);
			}
			break;
		case GE_VTYPE_IDX_16BIT >> GE_VTYPE_IDX_SHIFT:
			for (int j = i; j <= lastMatch; j++) {
				indexGen.TranslatePrim(drawCalls[j].prim, drawCalls[j].vertexCount, (const u16 *)drawCalls[j].inds, indexLowerBound);
			}
			break;
		}

		const int vertexCount = indexUpperBound - indexLowerBound + 1;

		// This check is a workaround for Pangya Fantasy Golf, which sends bogus index data when switching items in "My Room" sometimes.
		if (decodedVerts_ + vertexCount > VERTEX_BUFFER_MAX) {
			return;
		}

		// 3. Decode that range of vertex data.
		int stride = (int)dec_->GetDecVtxFmt().stride;
		dec_->DecodeVerts(decoded + decodedVerts_ * stride, dc.verts, indexLowerBound, indexUpperBound);
		decodedVerts_ += vertexCount;

		// 4. Advance indexgen vertex counter.
		indexGen.Advance(vertexCount);
		decodeCounter_ = lastMatch;
	}
}

inline u32 ComputeMiniHashRange(const void *ptr, size_t sz) {
	// Switch to u32 units.
	const u32 *p = (const u32 *)ptr;
	sz >>= 2;

	if (sz > 100) {
		size_t step = sz / 4;
		u32 hash = 0;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; i += step) {
			hash += DoReliableHash32(p + i, 100, 0x3A44B9C4);
		}
		return hash;
	} else {
		return p[0] + p[sz - 1];
	}
}

u32 TransformDrawEngine::ComputeMiniHash() {
	u32 fullhash = 0;
	const int vertexSize = dec_->GetDecVtxFmt().stride;
	const int indexSize = (dec_->VertexType() & GE_VTYPE_IDX_MASK) == GE_VTYPE_IDX_16BIT ? 2 : 1;

	int step;
	if (numDrawCalls < 3) {
		step = 1;
	} else if (numDrawCalls < 8) {
		step = 4;
	} else {
		step = numDrawCalls / 8;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < numDrawCalls; i += step) {
		const DeferredDrawCall &dc = drawCalls[i];
		if (!dc.inds) {
			fullhash += ComputeMiniHashRange(dc.verts, vertexSize * dc.vertexCount);
		} else {
			int indexLowerBound = dc.indexLowerBound, indexUpperBound = dc.indexUpperBound;
			fullhash += ComputeMiniHashRange((const u8 *)dc.verts + vertexSize * indexLowerBound, vertexSize * (indexUpperBound - indexLowerBound));
			fullhash += ComputeMiniHashRange(dc.inds, indexSize * dc.vertexCount);
		}
	}

	return fullhash;
}

void TransformDrawEngine::MarkUnreliable(VertexArrayInfo *vai) {
	vai->status = VertexArrayInfo::VAI_UNRELIABLE;
	if (vai->vbo) {
		FreeBuffer(vai->vbo);
		vai->vbo = 0;
	}
	if (vai->ebo) {
		FreeBuffer(vai->ebo);
		vai->ebo = 0;
	}
}

ReliableHashType TransformDrawEngine::ComputeHash() {
	ReliableHashType fullhash = 0;
	const int vertexSize = dec_->GetDecVtxFmt().stride;
	const int indexSize = (dec_->VertexType() & GE_VTYPE_IDX_MASK) == GE_VTYPE_IDX_16BIT ? 2 : 1;

	// TODO: Add some caps both for numDrawCalls and num verts to check?
	// It is really very expensive to check all the vertex data so often.
	for (int i = 0; i < numDrawCalls; i++) {
		const DeferredDrawCall &dc = drawCalls[i];
		if (!dc.inds) {
			fullhash += DoReliableHash((const char *)dc.verts, vertexSize * dc.vertexCount, 0x1DE8CAC4);
		} else {
			int indexLowerBound = dc.indexLowerBound, indexUpperBound = dc.indexUpperBound;
			int j = i + 1;
			int lastMatch = i;
			while (j < numDrawCalls) {
				if (drawCalls[j].verts != dc.verts)
					break;
				indexLowerBound = std::min(indexLowerBound, (int)dc.indexLowerBound);
				indexUpperBound = std::max(indexUpperBound, (int)dc.indexUpperBound);
				lastMatch = j;
				j++;
			}
			// This could get seriously expensive with sparse indices. Need to combine hashing ranges the same way
			// we do when drawing.
			fullhash += DoReliableHash((const char *)dc.verts + vertexSize * indexLowerBound,
				vertexSize * (indexUpperBound - indexLowerBound), 0x029F3EE1);
			// Hm, we will miss some indices when combining above, but meh, it should be fine.
			fullhash += DoReliableHash((const char *)dc.inds, indexSize * dc.vertexCount, 0x955FD1CA);
			i = lastMatch;
		}
	}
	if (uvScale) {
		fullhash += DoReliableHash(&uvScale[0], sizeof(uvScale[0]) * numDrawCalls, 0x0123e658);
	}

	return fullhash;
}

void TransformDrawEngine::ClearTrackedVertexArrays() {
	for (auto vai = vai_.begin(); vai != vai_.end(); vai++) {
		delete vai->second;
	}
	vai_.clear();
}

void TransformDrawEngine::DecimateTrackedVertexArrays() {
	if (--decimationCounter_ <= 0) {
		decimationCounter_ = VERTEXCACHE_DECIMATION_INTERVAL;
	} else {
		return;
	}

	const int threshold = gpuStats.numFlips - VAI_KILL_AGE;
	const int unreliableThreshold = gpuStats.numFlips - VAI_UNRELIABLE_KILL_AGE;
	int unreliableLeft = VAI_UNRELIABLE_KILL_MAX;
	for (auto iter = vai_.begin(); iter != vai_.end(); ) {
		bool kill;
		if (iter->second->status == VertexArrayInfo::VAI_UNRELIABLE) {
			// We limit killing unreliable so we don't rehash too often.
			kill = iter->second->lastFrame < unreliableThreshold && --unreliableLeft >= 0;
		} else {
			kill = iter->second->lastFrame < threshold;
		}
		if (kill) {
			delete iter->second;
			vai_.erase(iter++);
		} else {
			++iter;
		}
	}
}

VertexArrayInfo::~VertexArrayInfo() {
	glstate.arrayBuffer.unbind();
	glstate.elementArrayBuffer.unbind();
	if (vbo)
		glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
	if (ebo)
		glDeleteBuffers(1, &ebo);
}

GLuint TransformDrawEngine::AllocateBuffer() {
	if (bufferNameCache_.empty()) {
		bufferNameCache_.resize(VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE);
		glGenBuffers(VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE, &bufferNameCache_[0]);
	}
	GLuint buf = bufferNameCache_.back();
	bufferNameCache_.pop_back();
	return buf;
}

void TransformDrawEngine::FreeBuffer(GLuint buf) {
	// We can reuse buffers by setting new data on them.
	bufferNameCache_.push_back(buf);

	// But let's not keep too many around, will eat up memory.
	if (bufferNameCache_.size() >= VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_FULL_SIZE) {
		GLsizei extra = (GLsizei)bufferNameCache_.size() - VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE;
		glstate.arrayBuffer.unbind();
		glstate.elementArrayBuffer.unbind();
		glDeleteBuffers(extra, &bufferNameCache_[VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE]);
		bufferNameCache_.resize(VERTEXCACHE_NAME_CACHE_SIZE);
	}
}

void TransformDrawEngine::DoFlush() {
	gpuStats.numFlushes++;
	gpuStats.numTrackedVertexArrays = (int)vai_.size();

	// This is not done on every drawcall, we should collect vertex data
	// until critical state changes. That's when we draw (flush).

	GEPrimitiveType prim = prevPrim_;
	ApplyDrawState(prim);

	Shader *vshader = shaderManager_->ApplyVertexShader(prim, lastVType_);

	if (vshader->UseHWTransform()) {
		GLuint vbo = 0, ebo = 0;
		int vertexCount = 0;
		int maxIndex = 0;  // Compiler warns about this because it's only used in the #ifdeffed out RangeElements path.
		bool useElements = true;

		// Cannot cache vertex data with morph enabled.
		bool useCache = g_Config.bVertexCache && !(lastVType_ & GE_VTYPE_MORPHCOUNT_MASK);
		// Also avoid caching when software skinning.
		if (g_Config.bSoftwareSkinning && (lastVType_ & GE_VTYPE_WEIGHT_MASK))
			useCache = false;

		if (useCache) {
			u32 id = dcid_;
			auto iter = vai_.find(id);
			VertexArrayInfo *vai;
			if (iter != vai_.end()) {
				// We've seen this before. Could have been a cached draw.
				vai = iter->second;
			} else {
				vai = new VertexArrayInfo();
				vai_[id] = vai;
			}

			switch (vai->status) {
			case VertexArrayInfo::VAI_NEW:
				{
					// Haven't seen this one before.
					ReliableHashType dataHash = ComputeHash();
					vai->hash = dataHash;
					vai->minihash = ComputeMiniHash();
					vai->status = VertexArrayInfo::VAI_HASHING;
					vai->drawsUntilNextFullHash = 0;
					DecodeVerts(); // writes to indexGen
					vai->numVerts = indexGen.VertexCount();
					vai->prim = indexGen.Prim();
					vai->maxIndex = indexGen.MaxIndex();
					vai->flags = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha ? VAI_FLAG_VERTEXFULLALPHA : 0;

					goto rotateVBO;
				}

				// Hashing - still gaining confidence about the buffer.
				// But if we get this far it's likely to be worth creating a vertex buffer.
			case VertexArrayInfo::VAI_HASHING:
				{
					vai->numDraws++;
					if (vai->lastFrame != gpuStats.numFlips) {
						vai->numFrames++;
					}
					if (vai->drawsUntilNextFullHash == 0) {
						// Let's try to skip a full hash if mini would fail.
						const u32 newMiniHash = ComputeMiniHash();
						ReliableHashType newHash = vai->hash;
						if (newMiniHash == vai->minihash) {
							newHash = ComputeHash();
						}
						if (newMiniHash != vai->minihash || newHash != vai->hash) {
							MarkUnreliable(vai);
							DecodeVerts();
							goto rotateVBO;
						}
						if (vai->numVerts > 64) {
							// exponential backoff up to 16 draws, then every 32
							vai->drawsUntilNextFullHash = std::min(32, vai->numFrames);
						} else {
							// Lower numbers seem much more likely to change.
							vai->drawsUntilNextFullHash = 0;
						}
						// TODO: tweak
						//if (vai->numFrames > 1000) {
						//	vai->status = VertexArrayInfo::VAI_RELIABLE;
						//}
					} else {
						vai->drawsUntilNextFullHash--;
						u32 newMiniHash = ComputeMiniHash();
						if (newMiniHash != vai->minihash) {
							MarkUnreliable(vai);
							DecodeVerts();
							goto rotateVBO;
						}
					}

					if (vai->vbo == 0) {
						DecodeVerts();
						vai->numVerts = indexGen.VertexCount();
						vai->prim = indexGen.Prim();
						vai->maxIndex = indexGen.MaxIndex();
						vai->flags = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha ? VAI_FLAG_VERTEXFULLALPHA : 0;
						useElements = !indexGen.SeenOnlyPurePrims();
						if (!useElements && indexGen.PureCount()) {
							vai->numVerts = indexGen.PureCount();
						}

						vai->vbo = AllocateBuffer();
						glstate.arrayBuffer.bind(vai->vbo);
						glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, dec_->GetDecVtxFmt().stride * indexGen.MaxIndex(), decoded, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
						// If there's only been one primitive type, and it's either TRIANGLES, LINES or POINTS,
						// there is no need for the index buffer we built. We can then use glDrawArrays instead
						// for a very minor speed boost.
						if (useElements) {
							vai->ebo = AllocateBuffer();
							glstate.elementArrayBuffer.bind(vai->ebo);
							glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(short) * indexGen.VertexCount(), (GLvoid *)decIndex, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
						} else {
							vai->ebo = 0;
							glstate.elementArrayBuffer.bind(vai->ebo);
						}
					} else {
						gpuStats.numCachedDrawCalls++;
						glstate.arrayBuffer.bind(vai->vbo);
						glstate.elementArrayBuffer.bind(vai->ebo);
						useElements = vai->ebo ? true : false;
						gpuStats.numCachedVertsDrawn += vai->numVerts;
						gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = vai->flags & VAI_FLAG_VERTEXFULLALPHA;
					}
					vbo = vai->vbo;
					ebo = vai->ebo;
					vertexCount = vai->numVerts;
					maxIndex = vai->maxIndex;
					prim = static_cast<GEPrimitiveType>(vai->prim);
					break;
				}

				// Reliable - we don't even bother hashing anymore. Right now we don't go here until after a very long time.
			case VertexArrayInfo::VAI_RELIABLE:
				{
					vai->numDraws++;
					if (vai->lastFrame != gpuStats.numFlips) {
						vai->numFrames++;
					}
					gpuStats.numCachedDrawCalls++;
					gpuStats.numCachedVertsDrawn += vai->numVerts;
					vbo = vai->vbo;
					ebo = vai->ebo;
					glstate.arrayBuffer.bind(vbo);
					glstate.elementArrayBuffer.bind(ebo);
					vertexCount = vai->numVerts;
					maxIndex = vai->maxIndex;
					prim = static_cast<GEPrimitiveType>(vai->prim);

					gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = vai->flags & VAI_FLAG_VERTEXFULLALPHA;
					break;
				}

			case VertexArrayInfo::VAI_UNRELIABLE:
				{
					vai->numDraws++;
					if (vai->lastFrame != gpuStats.numFlips) {
						vai->numFrames++;
					}
					DecodeVerts();
					goto rotateVBO;
				}
			}

			vai->lastFrame = gpuStats.numFlips;
		} else {
			DecodeVerts();

rotateVBO:
			gpuStats.numUncachedVertsDrawn += indexGen.VertexCount();
			useElements = !indexGen.SeenOnlyPurePrims();
			vertexCount = indexGen.VertexCount();
			maxIndex = indexGen.MaxIndex();
			if (!useElements && indexGen.PureCount()) {
				vertexCount = indexGen.PureCount();
			}
			glstate.arrayBuffer.unbind();
			glstate.elementArrayBuffer.unbind();

			prim = indexGen.Prim();
		}

		VERBOSE_LOG(G3D, "Flush prim %i! %i verts in one go", prim, vertexCount);
		bool hasColor = (lastVType_ & GE_VTYPE_COL_MASK) != GE_VTYPE_COL_NONE;
		if (gstate.isModeThrough()) {
			gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha && (hasColor || gstate.getMaterialAmbientA() == 255);
		} else {
			gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha && ((hasColor && (gstate.materialupdate & 1)) || gstate.getMaterialAmbientA() == 255) && (!gstate.isLightingEnabled() || gstate.getAmbientA() == 255);
		}

		ApplyDrawStateLate();
		LinkedShader *program = shaderManager_->ApplyFragmentShader(vshader, prim, lastVType_);
		SetupDecFmtForDraw(program, dec_->GetDecVtxFmt(), vbo ? 0 : decoded);

		if (useElements) {
#if 1  // USING_GLES2
			glDrawElements(glprim[prim], vertexCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, ebo ? 0 : (GLvoid*)decIndex);
#else
			glDrawRangeElements(glprim[prim], 0, maxIndex, vertexCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, ebo ? 0 : (GLvoid*)decIndex);
#endif
		} else {
			glDrawArrays(glprim[prim], 0, vertexCount);
		}
	} else {
		DecodeVerts();
		bool hasColor = (lastVType_ & GE_VTYPE_COL_MASK) != GE_VTYPE_COL_NONE;
		if (gstate.isModeThrough()) {
			gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha && (hasColor || gstate.getMaterialAmbientA() == 255);
		} else {
			gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha && ((hasColor && (gstate.materialupdate & 1)) || gstate.getMaterialAmbientA() == 255) && (!gstate.isLightingEnabled() || gstate.getAmbientA() == 255);
		}

		ApplyDrawStateLate();
		LinkedShader *program = shaderManager_->ApplyFragmentShader(vshader, prim, lastVType_);
		gpuStats.numUncachedVertsDrawn += indexGen.VertexCount();
		prim = indexGen.Prim();
		// Undo the strip optimization, not supported by the SW code yet.
		if (prim == GE_PRIM_TRIANGLE_STRIP)
			prim = GE_PRIM_TRIANGLES;

		TransformedVertex *drawBuffer = NULL;
		int numTrans;
		bool drawIndexed = false;
		u16 *inds = decIndex;
		SoftwareTransformResult result;
		memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));

		int maxIndex = indexGen.MaxIndex();
		SoftwareTransform(
			prim, decoded, indexGen.VertexCount(),
			dec_->VertexType(), inds, GE_VTYPE_IDX_16BIT, dec_->GetDecVtxFmt(),
			maxIndex, framebufferManager_, textureCache_, transformed, transformedExpanded, drawBuffer, numTrans, drawIndexed, &result);

		if (result.action == SW_DRAW_PRIMITIVES) {
			if (result.setStencil) {
				glstate.stencilFunc.set(GL_ALWAYS, result.stencilValue, 255);
			}
			const int vertexSize = sizeof(transformed[0]);

			bool doTextureProjection = gstate.getUVGenMode() == GE_TEXMAP_TEXTURE_MATRIX;
			glstate.arrayBuffer.unbind();
			glstate.elementArrayBuffer.unbind();
			glVertexAttribPointer(ATTR_POSITION, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertexSize, drawBuffer);
			int attrMask = program->attrMask;
			if (attrMask & (1 << ATTR_TEXCOORD)) glVertexAttribPointer(ATTR_TEXCOORD, doTextureProjection ? 3 : 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertexSize, ((uint8_t*)drawBuffer) + offsetof(TransformedVertex, u));
			if (attrMask & (1 << ATTR_COLOR0)) glVertexAttribPointer(ATTR_COLOR0, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, vertexSize, ((uint8_t*)drawBuffer) + offsetof(TransformedVertex, color0));
			if (attrMask & (1 << ATTR_COLOR1)) glVertexAttribPointer(ATTR_COLOR1, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, vertexSize, ((uint8_t*)drawBuffer) + offsetof(TransformedVertex, color1));
			if (drawIndexed) {
#if 1  // USING_GLES2
				glDrawElements(glprim[prim], numTrans, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, inds);
#else
				// This doesn't seem to provide much of a win.
				glDrawRangeElements(glprim[prim], 0, maxIndex, numTrans, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, inds);
#endif
			} else {
				glDrawArrays(glprim[prim], 0, numTrans);
			}
		} else if (result.action == SW_CLEAR) {
			u32 clearColor = result.color;
			float clearDepth = result.depth;
			const float col[4] = {
				((clearColor & 0xFF)) / 255.0f,
				((clearColor & 0xFF00) >> 8) / 255.0f,
				((clearColor & 0xFF0000) >> 16) / 255.0f,
				((clearColor & 0xFF000000) >> 24) / 255.0f,
			};

			bool colorMask = gstate.isClearModeColorMask();
			bool alphaMask = gstate.isClearModeAlphaMask();
			bool depthMask = gstate.isClearModeDepthMask();
			if (depthMask) {
				framebufferManager_->SetDepthUpdated();
			}

			// Note that scissor may still apply while clearing.  Turn off other tests for the clear.
			glstate.stencilTest.disable();
			glstate.stencilMask.set(0xFF);
			glstate.depthTest.disable();

			GLbitfield target = 0;
			if (colorMask || alphaMask) target |= GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT;
			if (alphaMask) target |= GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT;
			if (depthMask) target |= GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT;

			glstate.colorMask.set(colorMask, colorMask, colorMask, alphaMask);
			glClearColor(col[0], col[1], col[2], col[3]);
#ifdef USING_GLES2
			glClearDepthf(clearDepth);
#else
			glClearDepth(clearDepth);
#endif
			// Stencil takes alpha.
			glClearStencil(clearColor >> 24);
			glClear(target);
			framebufferManager_->SetColorUpdated();
		}
	}

	gpuStats.numDrawCalls += numDrawCalls;
	gpuStats.numVertsSubmitted += vertexCountInDrawCalls;

	indexGen.Reset();
	decodedVerts_ = 0;
	numDrawCalls = 0;
	vertexCountInDrawCalls = 0;
	decodeCounter_ = 0;
	dcid_ = 0;
	prevPrim_ = GE_PRIM_INVALID;
	gstate_c.vertexFullAlpha = true;
	framebufferManager_->SetColorUpdated();

#ifndef MOBILE_DEVICE
	host->GPUNotifyDraw();
#endif
}

void TransformDrawEngine::Resized() {
	decJitCache_->Clear();
	lastVType_ = -1;
	dec_ = NULL;
	for (auto iter = decoderMap_.begin(); iter != decoderMap_.end(); iter++) {
		delete iter->second;
	}
	decoderMap_.clear();

	if (g_Config.bPrescaleUV && !uvScale) {
		uvScale = new UVScale[MAX_DEFERRED_DRAW_CALLS];
	} else if (!g_Config.bPrescaleUV && uvScale) {
		delete uvScale;
		uvScale = 0;
	}
}

bool TransformDrawEngine::IsCodePtrVertexDecoder(const u8 *ptr) const {
	return decJitCache_->IsInSpace(ptr);
}