ppsspp/Common/Vulkan/VulkanContext.cpp

#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>
#include <assert.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>

#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "VulkanContext.h"
#include "GPU/Common/ShaderCommon.h"

#ifdef USE_CRT_DBG
#undef new
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#endif

#include "ext/glslang/SPIRV/GlslangToSpv.h"

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#ifdef USE_CRT_DBG
#define new DBG_NEW
#endif

static const char *validationLayers[] = {
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation",
	/*
	"VK_LAYER_GOOGLE_threading",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_draw_state",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_image",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_mem_tracker",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_object_tracker",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_param_checker",
	*/
	/*
	// For layers included in the Android NDK.
	"VK_LAYER_GOOGLE_threading",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_parameter_validation",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_core_validation",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_image",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_object_tracker",
	"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_swapchain",
	"VK_LAYER_GOOGLE_unique_objects",
	*/
};

static VkBool32 CheckLayers(const std::vector<layer_properties> &layer_props, const std::vector<const char *> &layer_names);

VulkanContext::VulkanContext(const char *app_name, int app_ver, uint32_t flags)
	: device_(nullptr),
	gfx_queue_(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
#ifdef _WIN32
	connection(nullptr),
	window(nullptr),
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
	native_window(nullptr),
#endif
	graphics_queue_family_index_(-1),
	surface_(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
	instance_(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
	width_(0),
	height_(0),
	flags_(flags),
	swapchain_format(VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED),
	swapchainImageCount(0),
	swap_chain_(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
	cmd_pool_(VK_NULL_HANDLE),
	queue_count(0),
	curFrame_(0) {
	if (!VulkanLoad()) {
		init_error_ = "Failed to load Vulkan driver library";
		// No DLL?
		return;
	}
	// List extensions to try to enable.
	instance_extension_names.push_back(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#ifdef _WIN32
	instance_extension_names.push_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
	instance_extension_names.push_back(VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#endif
	device_extension_names.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);

	if (flags & VULKAN_FLAG_VALIDATE) {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(validationLayers); i++) {
			instance_layer_names.push_back(validationLayers[i]);
			device_layer_names.push_back(validationLayers[i]);
		}
		instance_extension_names.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
	}

	VkApplicationInfo app_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO };
	app_info.pApplicationName = app_name;
	app_info.applicationVersion = app_ver;
	app_info.pEngineName = app_name;
	// Let's increment this when we make major engine/context changes.
	app_info.engineVersion = 1;
	app_info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

	VkInstanceCreateInfo inst_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO };
	inst_info.flags = 0;
	inst_info.pApplicationInfo = &app_info;
	inst_info.enabledLayerCount = (uint32_t)instance_layer_names.size();
	inst_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = instance_layer_names.size() ? instance_layer_names.data() : NULL;
	inst_info.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t)instance_extension_names.size();
	inst_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instance_extension_names.size() ? instance_extension_names.data() : NULL;

	VkResult res = vkCreateInstance(&inst_info, NULL, &instance_);
	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
		if (res == VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT) {
			WLOG("Validation on but layers not available - dropping layers");
			// Drop the validation layers and try again.
			instance_layer_names.clear();
			device_layer_names.clear();
			inst_info.enabledLayerCount = 0;
			inst_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = NULL;
			res = vkCreateInstance(&inst_info, NULL, &instance_);
			if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
				ELOG("Failed to create instance even without validation: %d", res);
		} else {
			ELOG("Failed to create instance : %d", res);
		}
	}
	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
		init_error_ = "Failed to create Vulkan instance";
		return;
	}

	VulkanLoadInstanceFunctions(instance_);

	uint32_t gpu_count = 1;
	res = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance_, &gpu_count, NULL);
	assert(gpu_count);
	physical_devices_.resize(gpu_count);
	res = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance_, &gpu_count, physical_devices_.data());
	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
		init_error_ = "Failed to enumerate physical devices";
		return;
	}

	InitGlobalLayerProperties();
	InitGlobalExtensionProperties();

	if (!CheckLayers(instance_layer_properties, instance_layer_names)) {
		ELOG("CheckLayers failed");
		init_error_ = "Failed to validate instance layers";
		return;
	}

	InitDeviceLayerProperties();
	if (!CheckLayers(device_layer_properties, device_layer_names)) {
		ELOG("CheckLayers failed (2)");
		init_error_ = "Failed to validate device layers";
		return;
	}
}

VulkanContext::~VulkanContext() {
	vkDestroyInstance(instance_, NULL);
	VulkanFree();
}

void TransitionToPresent(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkImage image) {
	VkImageMemoryBarrier prePresentBarrier = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER };
	prePresentBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
	prePresentBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
	prePresentBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	prePresentBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	prePresentBarrier.image = image;
	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
		0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &prePresentBarrier);
}

void TransitionFromPresent(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkImage image) {
	VkImageMemoryBarrier prePresentBarrier = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER };
	prePresentBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
	prePresentBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
	prePresentBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	prePresentBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	prePresentBarrier.image = image;
	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
		0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &prePresentBarrier);
}

VkCommandBuffer VulkanContext::GetInitCommandBuffer() {
	FrameData *frame = &frame_[curFrame_];
	if (!frame->hasInitCommands) {
		VulkanBeginCommandBuffer(frame->cmdInit);
		frame->hasInitCommands = true;
	}
	return frame_[curFrame_].cmdInit;
}

void VulkanContext::QueueBeforeSurfaceRender(VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
	cmdQueue_.push_back(cmd);
}

VkCommandBuffer VulkanContext::BeginSurfaceRenderPass(VkClearValue clear_values[2]) {
	FrameData *frame = &frame_[curFrame_];

	// Get the index of the next available swapchain image, and a semaphore to block command buffer execution on.
	// Now, I wonder if we should do this early in the frame or late? Right now we do it early, which should be fine.
	VkResult res = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device_, swap_chain_, UINT64_MAX, acquireSemaphore, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &current_buffer);

	// TODO: Deal with the VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR and VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR
	// return codes
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	// Make sure the very last command buffer from the frame before the previous has been fully executed.
	WaitAndResetFence(frame->fence);

	// Process pending deletes.
	frame->deleteList.PerformDeletes(device_);

	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO };
	begin.flags = 0;
	begin.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
	res = vkBeginCommandBuffer(frame->cmdBuf, &begin);

	TransitionFromPresent(frame->cmdBuf, swapChainBuffers[current_buffer].image);

	VkRenderPassBeginInfo rp_begin = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO };
	rp_begin.renderPass = surface_render_pass_;
	rp_begin.framebuffer = framebuffers_[current_buffer];
	rp_begin.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
	rp_begin.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
	rp_begin.renderArea.extent.width = width_;
	rp_begin.renderArea.extent.height = height_;
	rp_begin.clearValueCount = 2;
	rp_begin.pClearValues = clear_values;

	// We don't really need to record this at this point in time, but hey, at some point we'll start this
	// pass anyway so might as well do it now (although you can imagine getting away with just a stretchblt and not
	// even starting a final render pass if there's nothing to overlay... hm. Uncommon though on mobile).
	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(frame->cmdBuf, &rp_begin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
	return frame->cmdBuf;
}

void VulkanContext::EndSurfaceRenderPass() {
	FrameData *frame = &frame_[curFrame_];
	vkCmdEndRenderPass(frame->cmdBuf);

	TransitionToPresent(frame->cmdBuf, swapChainBuffers[current_buffer].image);

	VkResult res = vkEndCommandBuffer(frame->cmdBuf);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	// So the sequence will be, cmdInit, [cmdQueue_], frame->cmdBuf.
	// This way we bunch up all the initialization needed for the frame, we render to
	// other buffers before the back buffer, and then last we render to the backbuffer.

	int numCmdBufs = 0;
	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> cmdBufs;
	if (frame->hasInitCommands) {
		vkEndCommandBuffer(frame->cmdInit);
		cmdBufs.push_back(frame->cmdInit);
		frame->hasInitCommands = false;
	}
	for (auto cmd : cmdQueue_) {
		cmdBufs.push_back(cmd);
	}
	cmdQueue_.clear();
	cmdBufs.push_back(frame->cmdBuf);

	VkSubmitInfo submit_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO };
	submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
	submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = &acquireSemaphore;
	VkPipelineStageFlags waitStage[1] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT };
	submit_info.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStage;
	submit_info.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)cmdBufs.size();
	submit_info.pCommandBuffers = cmdBufs.data();
	submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = 0;
	submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = NULL;
	res = vkQueueSubmit(gfx_queue_, 1, &submit_info, frame->fence);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	VkPresentInfoKHR present = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR };
	present.swapchainCount = 1;
	present.pSwapchains = &swap_chain_;
	present.pImageIndices = &current_buffer;
	present.pWaitSemaphores = NULL;
	present.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
	present.pResults = NULL;

	res = vkQueuePresentKHR(gfx_queue_, &present);
	// TODO: Deal with the VK_SUBOPTIMAL_WSI and VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_WSI
	// return codes
	assert(!res);

	frame->deleteList.Take(globalDeleteList_);
	curFrame_ ^= 1;
}

void VulkanContext::WaitUntilQueueIdle() {
	// Should almost never be used
	vkQueueWaitIdle(gfx_queue_);
}

bool VulkanContext::MemoryTypeFromProperties(uint32_t typeBits, VkFlags requirements_mask, uint32_t *typeIndex) {
	// Search memtypes to find first index with those properties
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
		if ((typeBits & 1) == 1) {
			// Type is available, does it match user properties?
			if ((memory_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & requirements_mask) == requirements_mask) {
				*typeIndex = i;
				return true;
			}
		}
		typeBits >>= 1;
	}
	// No memory types matched, return failure
	return false;
}

void VulkanBeginCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;
	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO };
	cmd_buf_info.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
	cmd_buf_info.flags = 0;
	res = vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmd, &cmd_buf_info);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

void VulkanContext::InitObjects(bool depthPresent) {
	InitQueue();
	InitCommandPool();

	// Create frame data

	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd_alloc = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO };
	cmd_alloc.commandPool = cmd_pool_;
	cmd_alloc.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
	cmd_alloc.commandBufferCount = 4;

	VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf[4];
	VkResult res = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device_, &cmd_alloc, cmdBuf);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	frame_[0].cmdBuf = cmdBuf[0];
	frame_[0].cmdInit = cmdBuf[1];
	frame_[0].fence = CreateFence(true);  // So it can be instantly waited on
	frame_[1].cmdBuf = cmdBuf[2];
	frame_[1].cmdInit = cmdBuf[3];
	frame_[1].fence = CreateFence(true);

	VkCommandBuffer cmd = GetInitCommandBuffer();
	InitSwapchain(cmd);
	InitDepthStencilBuffer(cmd);

	InitSurfaceRenderPass(depthPresent, true);
	InitFramebuffers(depthPresent);

	// The init command buffer will be executed as part of the first frame.
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyObjects() {
	VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf[4] = { frame_[0].cmdBuf, frame_[0].cmdInit, frame_[1].cmdBuf, frame_[1].cmdInit };

	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device_, cmd_pool_, sizeof(cmdBuf) / sizeof(cmdBuf[0]), cmdBuf);
	vkDestroyFence(device_, frame_[0].fence, nullptr);
	vkDestroyFence(device_, frame_[1].fence, nullptr);

	DestroyFramebuffers();
	DestroySurfaceRenderPass();
	DestroyDepthStencilBuffer();
	DestroySwapChain();
	DestroyCommandPool();

	// If there happen to be any pending deletes, now is a good time.
	Delete().PerformDeletes(device_);

	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance_, surface_, nullptr);
	surface_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::InitLayerExtensionProperties(layer_properties &layer_props) {
	VkExtensionProperties *instance_extensions;
	uint32_t instance_extension_count;
	VkResult res;
	char *layer_name = NULL;

	layer_name = layer_props.properties.layerName;

	do {
		res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(layer_name, &instance_extension_count, NULL);
		if (res)
			return res;

		if (instance_extension_count == 0) {
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}

		layer_props.extensions.resize(instance_extension_count);
		instance_extensions = layer_props.extensions.data();
		res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
			layer_name,
			&instance_extension_count,
			instance_extensions);
	} while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

	return res;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::InitGlobalExtensionProperties() {
	uint32_t instance_extension_count;
	VkResult res;

	do {
		res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &instance_extension_count, NULL);
		if (res)
			return res;

		if (instance_extension_count == 0) {
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}

		instance_extension_properties.resize(instance_extension_count);
		res = vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
			NULL,
			&instance_extension_count,
			instance_extension_properties.data());
	} while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

	return res;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::InitGlobalLayerProperties() {
	uint32_t instance_layer_count;
	VkLayerProperties *vk_props = NULL;
	VkResult res;

	/*
	 * It's possible, though very rare, that the number of
	 * instance layers could change. For example, installing something
	 * could include new layers that the loader would pick up
	 * between the initial query for the count and the
	 * request for VkLayerProperties. The loader indicates that
	 * by returning a VK_INCOMPLETE status and will update the
	 * the count parameter.
	 * The count parameter will be updated with the number of
	 * entries loaded into the data pointer - in case the number
	 * of layers went down or is smaller than the size given.
	 */
	do {
		res = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instance_layer_count, NULL);
		if (res)
			return res;

		if (instance_layer_count == 0) {
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}

		vk_props = (VkLayerProperties *)realloc(vk_props, instance_layer_count * sizeof(VkLayerProperties));

		res = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&instance_layer_count, vk_props);
	} while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

	// Now gather the extension list for each instance layer.
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_layer_count; i++) {
		layer_properties layer_props;
		layer_props.properties = vk_props[i];
		res = InitLayerExtensionProperties(layer_props);
		if (res)
			return res;
		instance_layer_properties.push_back(layer_props);
	}
	free(vk_props);

	return res;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::InitDeviceExtensionProperties(layer_properties &layer_props) {
	VkExtensionProperties *device_extensions;
	uint32_t device_extension_count;
	VkResult res;
	char *layer_name = NULL;

	layer_name = layer_props.properties.layerName;
	do {
		res = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
			physical_devices_[0],
			layer_name, &device_extension_count, NULL);
		if (res)
			return res;

		if (device_extension_count == 0) {
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}

		layer_props.extensions.resize(device_extension_count);
		device_extensions = layer_props.extensions.data();
		res = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
			physical_devices_[0],
			layer_name,
			&device_extension_count,
			device_extensions);
	} while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

	return res;
}

/*
 * TODO: function description here
 */
VkResult VulkanContext::InitDeviceLayerProperties() {
	uint32_t device_layer_count;
	VkLayerProperties *vk_props = NULL;
	VkResult res;

	/*
	 * It's possible, though very rare, that the number of
	 * instance layers could change. For example, installing something
	 * could include new layers that the loader would pick up
	 * between the initial query for the count and the
	 * request for VkLayerProperties. The loader indicates that
	 * by returning a VK_INCOMPLETE status and will update the
	 * the count parameter.
	 * The count parameter will be updated with the number of
	 * entries loaded into the data pointer - in case the number
	 * of layers went down or is smaller than the size given.
	 */
	do {
		res = vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(physical_devices_[0], &device_layer_count, NULL);
		if (res)
			return res;

		if (device_layer_count == 0) {
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}

		vk_props = (VkLayerProperties *)realloc(vk_props, device_layer_count * sizeof(VkLayerProperties));

		res = vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(physical_devices_[0], &device_layer_count, vk_props);
	} while (res == VK_INCOMPLETE);

	/*
	 * Now gather the extension list for each device layer.
	 */
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_layer_count; i++) {
		layer_properties layer_props;
		layer_props.properties = vk_props[i];
		res = InitDeviceExtensionProperties(layer_props);
		if (res)
			return res;
		device_layer_properties.push_back(layer_props);
	}
	free(vk_props);

	return res;
}

/*
 * Return 1 (true) if all layer names specified in check_names
 * can be found in given layer properties.
 */
static VkBool32 CheckLayers(const std::vector<layer_properties> &layer_props, const std::vector<const char *> &layer_names) {
	uint32_t check_count = (uint32_t)layer_names.size();
	uint32_t layer_count = (uint32_t)layer_props.size();
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < check_count; i++) {
		VkBool32 found = 0;
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < layer_count; j++) {
			if (!strcmp(layer_names[i], layer_props[j].properties.layerName)) {
				found = 1;
			}
		}
		if (!found) {
			std::cout << "Cannot find layer: " << layer_names[i] << std::endl;
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::CreateDevice(int physical_device) {
	VkResult res;

	if (!init_error_.empty()) {
		ELOG("Vulkan init failed: %s", init_error_.c_str());
		return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
	}

	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_devices_[0], &queue_count, nullptr);
	assert(queue_count >= 1);

	queue_props.resize(queue_count);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_devices_[0], &queue_count, queue_props.data());
	assert(queue_count >= 1);

	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queue_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO };
	float queue_priorities[1] = { 1.0f };
	queue_info.queueCount = 1;
	queue_info.pQueuePriorities = queue_priorities;
	bool found = false;
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)queue_count; i++) {
		if (queue_props[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
			queue_info.queueFamilyIndex = i;
			found = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	assert(found);
	assert(queue_count >= 1);


	// Detect preferred formats, in this order.
	static const VkFormat depthStencilFormats[] = {
		VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT,
		VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT,
		VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT,
	};
	deviceInfo_.preferredDepthStencilFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(depthStencilFormats); i++) {
		VkFormatProperties props;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physical_devices_[0], depthStencilFormats[i], &props);
		if (props.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT) {
			deviceInfo_.preferredDepthStencilFormat = depthStencilFormats[i];
			break;
		}
	}

	// This is as good a place as any to do this
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physical_devices_[0], &memory_properties);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physical_devices_[0], &gpu_props);

	// Optional features
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physical_devices_[0], &featuresAvailable_);
	memset(&featuresEnabled_, 0, sizeof(featuresEnabled_));

	// Enable a few safe ones if they are available.
	if (featuresAvailable_.dualSrcBlend) {
		featuresEnabled_.dualSrcBlend = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.largePoints) {
		featuresEnabled_.largePoints = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.wideLines) {
		featuresEnabled_.wideLines = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.geometryShader) {
		featuresEnabled_.geometryShader = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.logicOp) {
		featuresEnabled_.logicOp = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.depthClamp) {
		featuresEnabled_.depthClamp = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.depthBounds) {
		featuresEnabled_.depthBounds = true;
	}
	if (featuresAvailable_.samplerAnisotropy) {
		featuresEnabled_.samplerAnisotropy = true;
	}

	VkDeviceCreateInfo device_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO };
	device_info.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
	device_info.pQueueCreateInfos = &queue_info;
	device_info.enabledLayerCount = (uint32_t)device_layer_names.size();
	device_info.ppEnabledLayerNames =
		device_info.enabledLayerCount ? device_layer_names.data() : NULL;
	device_info.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t)device_extension_names.size();
	device_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames =
		device_info.enabledExtensionCount ? device_extension_names.data() : NULL;
	device_info.pEnabledFeatures = &featuresEnabled_;

	res = vkCreateDevice(physical_devices_[0], &device_info, NULL, &device_);
	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
		init_error_ = "Unable to create Vulkan device";
		ELOG("Unable to create Vulkan device");
	} else {
		VulkanLoadDeviceFunctions(device_);
	}

	return res;
}

VkResult VulkanContext::InitDebugMsgCallback(PFN_vkDebugReportCallbackEXT dbgFunc, int bits, void *userdata) {
	VkResult res;
	VkDebugReportCallbackEXT msg_callback;

	if (!(flags_ & VULKAN_FLAG_VALIDATE)) {
		WLOG("Not registering debug report callback - extension not enabled!");
		return VK_SUCCESS;
	}
	ILOG("Registering debug report callback");

	VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT cb = {};
	cb.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
	cb.pNext = nullptr;
	cb.flags = bits;
	cb.pfnCallback = dbgFunc;
	cb.pUserData = userdata;
	res = vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance_, &cb, nullptr, &msg_callback);
	switch (res) {
	case VK_SUCCESS:
		msg_callbacks.push_back(msg_callback);
		break;
	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY:
		return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
	default:
		return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
	}
	return res;
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyDebugMsgCallback() {
	while (msg_callbacks.size() > 0) {
		vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance_, msg_callbacks.back(), nullptr);
		msg_callbacks.pop_back();
	}
}

void VulkanContext::InitDepthStencilBuffer(VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;
	bool U_ASSERT_ONLY pass;

	const VkFormat depth_format = deviceInfo_.preferredDepthStencilFormat;
	int aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
	VkImageCreateInfo image_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
	image_info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
	image_info.format = depth_format;
	image_info.extent.width = width_;
	image_info.extent.height = height_;
	image_info.extent.depth = 1;
	image_info.mipLevels = 1;
	image_info.arrayLayers = 1;
	image_info.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	image_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
	image_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = NULL;
	image_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
	image_info.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
	image_info.flags = 0;

	VkMemoryAllocateInfo mem_alloc = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO };
	mem_alloc.allocationSize = 0;
	mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;

	VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;

	depth.format = depth_format;

	res = vkCreateImage(device_, &image_info, NULL, &depth.image);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device_, depth.image, &mem_reqs);

	mem_alloc.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size;
	/* Use the memory properties to determine the type of memory required */
	pass = MemoryTypeFromProperties(mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits,
		0, /* No requirements */
		&mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
	assert(pass);

	res = vkAllocateMemory(device_, &mem_alloc, NULL, &depth.mem);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	res = vkBindImageMemory(device_, depth.image, depth.mem, 0);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	TransitionImageLayout(cmd, depth.image,
		aspectMask,
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

	VkImageViewCreateInfo depth_view_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
	depth_view_info.image = depth.image;
	depth_view_info.format = depth_format;
	depth_view_info.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
	depth_view_info.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
	depth_view_info.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
	depth_view_info.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
	depth_view_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectMask;
	depth_view_info.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	depth_view_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	depth_view_info.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	depth_view_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	depth_view_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
	depth_view_info.flags = 0;

	res = vkCreateImageView(device_, &depth_view_info, NULL, &depth.view);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

#ifdef _WIN32
void VulkanContext::InitSurfaceWin32(HINSTANCE conn, HWND wnd) {
	connection = conn;
	window = wnd;

	ReinitSurfaceWin32();
}

void VulkanContext::ReinitSurfaceWin32() {
	if (surface_ != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance_, surface_, nullptr);
		surface_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	}

	RECT rc;
	GetClientRect(window, &rc);
	width_ = rc.right - rc.left;
	height_ = rc.bottom - rc.top;

	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;

	VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR win32 = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR };
	win32.flags = 0;
	win32.hwnd = window;
	win32.hinstance = connection;
	res = vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR(instance_, &win32, nullptr, &surface_);

	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

#elif defined(__ANDROID__)

void VulkanContext::InitSurfaceAndroid(ANativeWindow *wnd, int width, int height) {
	native_window = wnd;

	ReinitSurfaceAndroid(width, height);
}

void VulkanContext::ReinitSurfaceAndroid(int width, int height) {
	if (surface_ != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance_, surface_, nullptr);
		surface_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	}

	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;

	VkAndroidSurfaceCreateInfoKHR android = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ANDROID_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR };
	android.flags = 0;
	android.window = native_window;
	res = vkCreateAndroidSurfaceKHR(instance_, &android, nullptr, &surface_);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	width_ = width;
	height_ = height;
}
#endif

void VulkanContext::InitQueue() {
	// Iterate over each queue to learn whether it supports presenting:
	VkBool32 *supportsPresent = new VkBool32[queue_count];
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_count; i++) {
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_devices_[0], i, surface_, &supportsPresent[i]);
	}

	// Search for a graphics queue and a present queue in the array of queue
	// families, try to find one that supports both
	uint32_t graphicsQueueNodeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
	uint32_t presentQueueNodeIndex = UINT32_MAX;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_count; i++) {
		if ((queue_props[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) != 0) {
			if (graphicsQueueNodeIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
				graphicsQueueNodeIndex = i;
			}

			if (supportsPresent[i] == VK_TRUE) {
				graphicsQueueNodeIndex = i;
				presentQueueNodeIndex = i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (presentQueueNodeIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
		// If didn't find a queue that supports both graphics and present, then
		// find a separate present queue.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_count; ++i) {
			if (supportsPresent[i] == VK_TRUE) {
				presentQueueNodeIndex = i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	delete[] supportsPresent;

	// Generate error if could not find both a graphics and a present queue
	if (graphicsQueueNodeIndex == UINT32_MAX || presentQueueNodeIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
		std::cout << "Could not find a graphics and a present queue";
		exit(-1);
	}

	graphics_queue_family_index_ = graphicsQueueNodeIndex;

	// Get the list of VkFormats that are supported:
	uint32_t formatCount;
	VkResult res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_devices_[0], surface_, &formatCount, NULL);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
	VkSurfaceFormatKHR *surfFormats = new VkSurfaceFormatKHR[formatCount];
	res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_devices_[0], surface_, &formatCount, surfFormats);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
	// If the format list includes just one entry of VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
	// the surface has no preferred format.  Otherwise, at least one
	// supported format will be returned.
	if (formatCount == 0 || (formatCount == 1 && surfFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED)) {
		ILOG("swapchain_format: Falling back to B8G8R8A8_UNORM");
		swapchain_format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
	} else {
		swapchain_format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < formatCount; ++i) {
			if (surfFormats[i].colorSpace != VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
				continue;
			}

			if (surfFormats[i].format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM || surfFormats[i].format == VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM) {
				swapchain_format = surfFormats[i].format;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (swapchain_format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
			// Okay, take the first one then.
			swapchain_format = surfFormats[0].format;
		}
		ILOG("swapchain_format: %d (/%d)", swapchain_format, formatCount);
	}
	delete[] surfFormats;

	vkGetDeviceQueue(device_, graphics_queue_family_index_, 0, &gfx_queue_);
	ILOG("gfx_queue_: %p", gfx_queue_);

	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo acquireSemaphoreCreateInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO };
	acquireSemaphoreCreateInfo.flags = 0;

	res = vkCreateSemaphore(device_,
		&acquireSemaphoreCreateInfo,
		NULL,
		&acquireSemaphore);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

void VulkanContext::InitSwapchain(VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfCapabilities;

	res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_devices_[0], surface_, &surfCapabilities);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	uint32_t presentModeCount;
	res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_devices_[0], surface_, &presentModeCount, NULL);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
	VkPresentModeKHR *presentModes = new VkPresentModeKHR[presentModeCount];
	assert(presentModes);
	res = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_devices_[0], surface_, &presentModeCount, presentModes);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
	// width and height are either both -1, or both not -1.
	if (surfCapabilities.currentExtent.width == (uint32_t)-1) {
		// If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to
		// the size of the images requested.
		ILOG("initSwapchain: %dx%d", width_, height_);
		swapChainExtent.width = width_;
		swapChainExtent.height = height_;
	} else {
		// If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
		swapChainExtent = surfCapabilities.currentExtent;
	}

	// TODO: Find a better way to specify the prioritized present mode while being able
	// to fall back in a sensible way.
	VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAX_ENUM_KHR;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < presentModeCount; i++) {
		ILOG("Supported present mode: %d", presentModes[i]);
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < presentModeCount; i++) {
		if (swapchainPresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAX_ENUM_KHR) {
			// Default to the first present mode from the list.
			swapchainPresentMode = presentModes[i];
		}
		if ((flags_ & VULKAN_FLAG_PRESENT_MAILBOX) && presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
			swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
			break;
		}
		if ((flags_ & VULKAN_FLAG_PRESENT_FIFO_RELAXED) && presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR) {
			swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR;
			break;
		}
		if ((flags_ & VULKAN_FLAG_PRESENT_IMMEDIATE) && presentModes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR) {
			swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
			break;
		}
	}
#ifdef __ANDROID__
	// HACK
	swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
#endif
	ILOG("Chosen present mode: %d", swapchainPresentMode);
	delete[] presentModes;
	// Determine the number of VkImage's to use in the swap chain (we desire to
	// own only 1 image at a time, besides the images being displayed and
	// queued for display):
	uint32_t desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.minImageCount + 1;
	ILOG("numSwapChainImages: %d", desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages);
	if ((surfCapabilities.maxImageCount > 0) &&
		(desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages > surfCapabilities.maxImageCount))
	{
		// Application must settle for fewer images than desired:
		desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages = surfCapabilities.maxImageCount;
	}

	VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR preTransform;
	if (surfCapabilities.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR) {
		preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
	} else {
		preTransform = surfCapabilities.currentTransform;
	}

	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swap_chain_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR };
	swap_chain_info.surface = surface_;
	swap_chain_info.minImageCount = desiredNumberOfSwapChainImages;
	swap_chain_info.imageFormat = swapchain_format;
	swap_chain_info.imageColorSpace = VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
	swap_chain_info.imageExtent.width = swapChainExtent.width;
	swap_chain_info.imageExtent.height = swapChainExtent.height;
	swap_chain_info.preTransform = preTransform;
	swap_chain_info.imageArrayLayers = 1;
	swap_chain_info.presentMode = swapchainPresentMode;
	swap_chain_info.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	swap_chain_info.clipped = true;
	swap_chain_info.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
	swap_chain_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
	swap_chain_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
	swap_chain_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = NULL;
	// OPAQUE is not supported everywhere.
	if (surfCapabilities.supportedCompositeAlpha & VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR) {
		swap_chain_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
	} else {
		// This should be supported anywhere, and is the only thing supported on the SHIELD TV, for example.
		swap_chain_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR;
	}

	res = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device_, &swap_chain_info, NULL, &swap_chain_);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	res = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device_, swap_chain_,
		&swapchainImageCount, NULL);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	VkImage* swapchainImages = (VkImage*)malloc(swapchainImageCount * sizeof(VkImage));
	assert(swapchainImages);
	res = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device_, swap_chain_, &swapchainImageCount, swapchainImages);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchainImageCount; i++) {
		swap_chain_buffer sc_buffer;

		VkImageViewCreateInfo color_image_view = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
		color_image_view.format = swapchain_format;
		color_image_view.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
		color_image_view.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
		color_image_view.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
		color_image_view.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
		color_image_view.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		color_image_view.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		color_image_view.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		color_image_view.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		color_image_view.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
		color_image_view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		color_image_view.flags = 0;

		sc_buffer.image = swapchainImages[i];

		// TODO: Pre-set them to PRESENT_SRC_KHR, as the first thing we do after acquiring
		// in image to render to will be to transition them away from that.
		TransitionImageLayout(cmd, sc_buffer.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR);

		color_image_view.image = sc_buffer.image;

		res = vkCreateImageView(device_,
			&color_image_view, NULL, &sc_buffer.view);
		swapChainBuffers.push_back(sc_buffer);
		assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
	}
	free(swapchainImages);

	current_buffer = 0;
}

void VulkanContext::InitSurfaceRenderPass(bool include_depth, bool clear) {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;
	/* Need attachments for render target and depth buffer */
	VkAttachmentDescription attachments[2];
	attachments[0].format = swapchain_format;
	attachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	attachments[0].loadOp = clear ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR : VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
	attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
	attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
	attachments[0].flags = 0;

	if (include_depth) {
		attachments[1].format = depth.format;
		attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[1].loadOp = clear ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR : VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
		attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[1].flags = 0;
	}

	VkAttachmentReference color_reference = {};
	color_reference.attachment = 0;
	color_reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentReference depth_reference = {};
	depth_reference.attachment = 1;
	depth_reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
	subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
	subpass.flags = 0;
	subpass.inputAttachmentCount = 0;
	subpass.pInputAttachments = NULL;
	subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
	subpass.pColorAttachments = &color_reference;
	subpass.pResolveAttachments = NULL;
	subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = include_depth ? &depth_reference : NULL;
	subpass.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
	subpass.pPreserveAttachments = NULL;

	VkRenderPassCreateInfo rp_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO };
	rp_info.pNext = NULL;
	rp_info.attachmentCount = include_depth ? 2 : 1;
	rp_info.pAttachments = attachments;
	rp_info.subpassCount = 1;
	rp_info.pSubpasses = &subpass;
	rp_info.dependencyCount = 0;
	rp_info.pDependencies = NULL;

	res = vkCreateRenderPass(device_, &rp_info, NULL, &surface_render_pass_);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

void VulkanContext::InitFramebuffers(bool include_depth) {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;
	VkImageView attachments[2];
	attachments[1] = depth.view;

	ILOG("InitFramebuffers: %dx%d", width_, height_);
	VkFramebufferCreateInfo fb_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
	fb_info.renderPass = surface_render_pass_;
	fb_info.attachmentCount = include_depth ? 2 : 1;
	fb_info.pAttachments = attachments;
	fb_info.width = width_;
	fb_info.height = height_;
	fb_info.layers = 1;

	framebuffers_.resize(swapchainImageCount);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchainImageCount; i++) {
		attachments[0] = swapChainBuffers[i].view;
		res = vkCreateFramebuffer(device_, &fb_info, nullptr, &framebuffers_[i]);
		assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
	}
}

void VulkanContext::InitCommandPool() {
	VkResult U_ASSERT_ONLY res;

	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_info = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO };
	cmd_pool_info.queueFamilyIndex = graphics_queue_family_index_;
	cmd_pool_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT | VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT;

	res = vkCreateCommandPool(device_, &cmd_pool_info, NULL, &cmd_pool_);
	assert(res == VK_SUCCESS);
}

VkFence VulkanContext::CreateFence(bool presignalled) {
	VkFence fence;
	VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO };
	fenceInfo.flags = presignalled ? VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT : 0;
	vkCreateFence(device_, &fenceInfo, NULL, &fence);
	return fence;
}

void VulkanContext::WaitAndResetFence(VkFence fence) {
	vkWaitForFences(device_, 1, &fence, true, UINT64_MAX);
	vkResetFences(device_, 1, &fence);
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyCommandPool() {
	vkDestroyCommandPool(device_, cmd_pool_, NULL);
	cmd_pool_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyDepthStencilBuffer() {
	vkDestroyImageView(device_, depth.view, NULL);
	vkDestroyImage(device_, depth.image, NULL);
	vkFreeMemory(device_, depth.mem, NULL);

	depth.view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	depth.image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	depth.mem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

void VulkanContext::DestroySwapChain() {
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchainImageCount; i++) {
		vkDestroyImageView(device_, swapChainBuffers[i].view, NULL);
	}
	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device_, swap_chain_, NULL);
	swap_chain_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	swapChainBuffers.clear();
	vkDestroySemaphore(device_, acquireSemaphore, NULL);
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyFramebuffers() {
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < framebuffers_.size(); i++) {
		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device_, framebuffers_[i], NULL);
	}
	framebuffers_.clear();
}

void VulkanContext::DestroySurfaceRenderPass() {
	vkDestroyRenderPass(device_, surface_render_pass_, NULL);
	surface_render_pass_ = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

void VulkanContext::DestroyDevice() {
	vkDestroyDevice(device_, nullptr);
	device_ = nullptr;
}

VkPipelineCache VulkanContext::CreatePipelineCache() {
	VkPipelineCache cache;
	VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pc = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO };
	pc.pInitialData = nullptr;
	pc.initialDataSize = 0;
	pc.flags = 0;
	VkResult res = vkCreatePipelineCache(device_, &pc, nullptr, &cache);
	assert(VK_SUCCESS == res);
	return cache;
}

bool VulkanContext::CreateShaderModule(const std::vector<uint32_t> &spirv, VkShaderModule *shaderModule) {
	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo sm = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO };
	sm.pCode = spirv.data();
	sm.codeSize = spirv.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
	sm.flags = 0;
	VkResult result = vkCreateShaderModule(device_, &sm, NULL, shaderModule);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
		return false;
	} else {
		return true;
	}
}

void TransitionImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkImage image, VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask, VkImageLayout old_image_layout, VkImageLayout new_image_layout) {
	VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER };
	image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
	image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
	image_memory_barrier.oldLayout = old_image_layout;
	image_memory_barrier.newLayout = new_image_layout;
	image_memory_barrier.image = image;
	image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectMask;
	image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	image_memory_barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	if (old_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR) {
		image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	}

	if (old_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
		image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL) {
		if (old_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED) {
			image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT;
		}
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
		/* Make sure anything that was copying from this image has completed */
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
		/* Make sure any Copy or CPU writes to image are flushed */
		if (old_image_layout != VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) {
			image_memory_barrier.srcAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
		}
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;
	}

	if (new_image_layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR) {
		image_memory_barrier.dstAccessMask |= VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	}

	VkPipelineStageFlags src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
	VkPipelineStageFlags dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(cmd, src_stages, dest_stages, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &image_memory_barrier);
}


EShLanguage FindLanguage(const VkShaderStageFlagBits shader_type) {
	switch (shader_type) {
	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT:
		return EShLangVertex;

	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT:
		return EShLangTessControl;

	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT:
		return EShLangTessEvaluation;

	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT:
		return EShLangGeometry;

	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT:
		return EShLangFragment;

	case VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT:
		return EShLangCompute;

	default:
		return EShLangVertex;
	}
}

// Compile a given string containing GLSL into SPV for use by VK
// Return value of false means an error was encountered.
bool GLSLtoSPV(const VkShaderStageFlagBits shader_type,
	const char *pshader,
	std::vector<unsigned int> &spirv, std::string *errorMessage) {

	glslang::TProgram program;
	const char *shaderStrings[1];
	TBuiltInResource Resources;
	init_resources(Resources);

	// Enable SPIR-V and Vulkan rules when parsing GLSL
	EShMessages messages = (EShMessages)(EShMsgSpvRules | EShMsgVulkanRules);

	EShLanguage stage = FindLanguage(shader_type);
	glslang::TShader shader(stage);

	shaderStrings[0] = pshader;
	shader.setStrings(shaderStrings, 1);

	if (!shader.parse(&Resources, 100, false, messages)) {
		puts(shader.getInfoLog());
		puts(shader.getInfoDebugLog());
		if (errorMessage) {
			*errorMessage = shader.getInfoLog();
			(*errorMessage) += shader.getInfoDebugLog();
		}
		return false; // something didn't work
	}

	// Note that program does not take ownership of &shader, so this is fine.
	program.addShader(&shader);

	if (!program.link(messages)) {
		puts(shader.getInfoLog());
		puts(shader.getInfoDebugLog());
		if (errorMessage) {
			*errorMessage = shader.getInfoLog();
			(*errorMessage) += shader.getInfoDebugLog();
		}
		return false;
	}

	// Can't fail, parsing worked, "linking" worked.
	glslang::GlslangToSpv(*program.getIntermediate(stage), spirv);
	return true;
}

void init_glslang() {
	glslang::InitializeProcess();
}

void finalize_glslang() {
	glslang::FinalizeProcess();
}

const char *VulkanResultToString(VkResult res) {
	switch (res) {
	case VK_NOT_READY: return "VK_NOT_READY";
	case VK_TIMEOUT: return "VK_TIMEOUT";
	case VK_EVENT_SET: return "VK_EVENT_SET";
	case VK_EVENT_RESET: return "VK_EVENT_RESET";
	case VK_INCOMPLETE: return "VK_INCOMPLETE";
	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY: return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY";
	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY: return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY";
	case VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED: return "VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED";
	case VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST: return "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST";
	case VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED: return "VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED";
	case VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT: return "VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT";
	case VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT: return "VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT";
	case VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT: return "VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT";
	case VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER: return "VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER";
	case VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS: return "VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS";
	case VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED: return "VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
	case VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR: return "VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR";
	case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR: return "VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR";
	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR: return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR";
	case VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR: return "VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR";
	case VK_ERROR_NATIVE_WINDOW_IN_USE_KHR: return "VK_ERROR_NATIVE_WINDOW_IN_USE_KHR";
	default:
		return "Unknown";
	}
}

void VulkanAssertImpl(VkResult check, const char *function, const char *file, int line) {
	const char *error = "(none)";
}