scummvm/common/str.h

/* ScummVM - Graphic Adventure Engine
 *
 * ScummVM is the legal property of its developers, whose names
 * are too numerous to list here. Please refer to the COPYRIGHT
 * file distributed with this source distribution.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 */

#ifndef COMMON_STRING_H
#define COMMON_STRING_H

#include "common/scummsys.h"
#include "common/str-enc.h"

#include <stdarg.h>

namespace Common {

class U32String;

/**
 * Simple string class for ScummVM. Provides automatic storage managment,
 * and overloads several operators in a 'natural' fashion, mimicking
 * the std::string class. Even provides simple iterators.
 *
 * This class tries to avoid allocating lots of small blocks on the heap,
 * since that is inefficient on several platforms supported by ScummVM.
 * Instead, small strings are stored 'inside' the string object (i.e. on
 * the stack, for stack allocated objects), and only for strings exceeding
 * a certain length do we allocate a buffer on the heap.
 *
 * The presence of \0 characters in the string will cause undefined
 * behavior in some operations.
 */
class String {
public:
	static const uint32 npos = 0xFFFFFFFF;

	static void releaseMemoryPoolMutex();

	typedef char          value_type;
	/**
	 * Unsigned version of the underlying type. This can be used to cast
	 * individual string characters to bigger integer types without sign
	 * extension happening.
	 */
	typedef unsigned char unsigned_type;
	typedef char *        iterator;
	typedef const char *  const_iterator;

protected:
	/**
	 * The size of the internal storage. Increasing this means less heap
	 * allocations are needed, at the cost of more stack memory usage,
	 * and of course lots of wasted memory. Empirically, 90% or more of
	 * all String instances are less than 32 chars long. If a platform
	 * is very short on stack space, it would be possible to lower this.
	 * A value of 24 still seems acceptable, though considerably worse,
	 * while 16 seems to be the lowest you want to go... Anything lower
	 * than 8 makes no sense, since that's the size of member _extern
	 * (on 32 bit machines; 12 bytes on systems with 64bit pointers).
	 */
	static const uint32 _builtinCapacity = 32 - sizeof(uint32) - sizeof(char *);

	/**
	 * Length of the string. Stored to avoid having to call strlen
	 * a lot. Yes, we limit ourselves to strings shorter than 4GB --
	 * on purpose :-).
	 */
	uint32 _size;

	/**
	 * Pointer to the actual string storage. Either points to _storage,
	 * or to a block allocated on the heap via malloc.
	 */
	char  *_str;


	union {
		/**
		 * Internal string storage.
		 */
		char _storage[_builtinCapacity];
		/**
		 * External string storage data -- the refcounter, and the
		 * capacity of the string _str points to.
		 */
		struct {
			mutable int *_refCount;
			uint32       _capacity;
		} _extern;
	};

	inline bool isStorageIntern() const {
		return _str == _storage;
	}

public:
	/** Construct a new empty string. */
	String() : _size(0), _str(_storage) { _storage[0] = 0; }

	/** Construct a new string from the given NULL-terminated C string. */
	String(const char *str);

	/** Construct a new string containing exactly len characters read from address str. */
	String(const char *str, uint32 len);

	/** Construct a new string containing the characters between beginP (including) and endP (excluding). */
	String(const char *beginP, const char *endP);

	/** Construct a copy of the given string. */
	String(const String &str);

	/** Construct a string consisting of the given character. */
	explicit String(char c);

	~String();

	String &operator=(const char *str);
	String &operator=(const String &str);
	String &operator=(char c);
	String &operator+=(const char *str);
	String &operator+=(const String &str);
	String &operator+=(char c);

	bool operator==(const String &x) const;
	bool operator==(const char *x) const;
	bool operator!=(const String &x) const;
	bool operator!=(const char *x) const;

	bool operator<(const String &x) const;
	bool operator<=(const String &x) const;
	bool operator>(const String &x) const;
	bool operator>=(const String &x) const;

	bool equals(const String &x) const;
	bool equalsIgnoreCase(const String &x) const;
	int compareTo(const String &x) const;           // strcmp clone
	int compareToIgnoreCase(const String &x) const; // stricmp clone

	bool equals(const char *x) const;
	bool equalsIgnoreCase(const char *x) const;
	int compareTo(const char *x) const;             // strcmp clone
	int compareToIgnoreCase(const char *x) const;   // stricmp clone

	bool hasSuffix(const String &x) const;
	bool hasSuffix(const char *x) const;
	bool hasSuffixIgnoreCase(const String &x) const;
	bool hasSuffixIgnoreCase(const char *x) const;

	bool hasPrefix(const String &x) const;
	bool hasPrefix(const char *x) const;
	bool hasPrefixIgnoreCase(const String &x) const;
	bool hasPrefixIgnoreCase(const char *x) const;

	bool contains(const String &x) const;
	bool contains(const char *x) const;
	bool contains(char x) const;

	uint32 find(const String &str, uint32 pos = 0) const;

	/** Return uint64 corrensponding to String's contents. */
	uint64 asUint64() const;

	/**
	 * Simple DOS-style pattern matching function (understands * and ? like used in DOS).
	 * Taken from exult/files/listfiles.cc
	 *
	 * Token meaning:
	 *      "*": any character, any amount of times.
	 *      "?": any character, only once.
	 *      "#": any decimal digit, only once.
	 *      "\#": #, only once.
	 *
	 * Example strings/patterns:
	 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.s??    => true
	 *      String: monkey.s101  Pattern: monkey.s??    => false
	 *      String: monkey.s99   Pattern: monkey.s?1    => false
	 *      String: monkey.s101  Pattern: monkey.s*     => true
	 *      String: monkey.s99   Pattern: monkey.s*1    => false
	 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.s##    => true
	 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.###    => false
	 *
	 * @param pat Glob pattern.
	 * @param ignoreCase Whether to ignore the case when doing pattern match
	 * @param pathMode Whether to use path mode, i.e., whether slashes must be matched explicitly.
	 *
	 * @return true if str matches the pattern, false otherwise.
	 */
	bool matchString(const char *pat, bool ignoreCase = false, bool pathMode = false) const;
	bool matchString(const String &pat, bool ignoreCase = false, bool pathMode = false) const;


	inline const char *c_str() const { return _str; }
	inline uint size() const         { return _size; }

	inline bool empty() const { return (_size == 0); }
	char firstChar() const    { return (_size > 0) ? _str[0] : 0; }
	char lastChar() const     { return (_size > 0) ? _str[_size - 1] : 0; }

	char operator[](int idx) const {
		assert(_str && idx >= 0 && idx < (int)_size);
		return _str[idx];
	}

	/** Remove the last character from the string. */
	void deleteLastChar();

	/** Remove the character at position p from the string. */
	void deleteChar(uint32 p);

	/** Remove all characters from position p to the p + len. If len = String::npos, removes all characters to the end */
	void erase(uint32 p, uint32 len = npos);

	/** Set character c at position p, replacing the previous character there. */
	void setChar(char c, uint32 p);

	/** Insert character c before position p. */
	void insertChar(char c, uint32 p);

	/** Clears the string, making it empty. */
	void clear();

	/** Convert all characters in the string to lowercase. */
	void toLowercase();

	/** Convert all characters in the string to uppercase. */
	void toUppercase();

	/**
	 * Removes trailing and leading whitespaces. Uses isspace() to decide
	 * what is whitespace and what not.
	 */
	void trim();

	/**
	 * Wraps the text in the string to the given line maximum. Lines will be
	 * broken at any whitespace character. New lines are assumed to be
	 * represented using '\n'.
	 *
	 * This is a very basic line wrap which does not perform tab stop
	 * calculation, consecutive whitespace collapsing, auto-hyphenation, or line
	 * balancing.
	 */
	void wordWrap(const uint32 maxLength);

	uint hash() const;

	/**@{
	 * Functions to replace some amount of chars with chars from some other string.
	 *
	 * @note The implementation follows that of the STL's std::string:
	 *       http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/replace/
	 *
	 * @param pos Starting position for the replace in the original string.
	 * @param count Number of chars to replace from the original string.
	 * @param str Source of the new chars.
	 * @param posOri Same as pos
	 * @param countOri Same as count
	 * @param posDest Initial position to read str from.
	 * @param countDest Number of chars to read from str. npos by default.
	 */
	// Replace 'count' bytes, starting from 'pos' with str.
	void replace(uint32 pos, uint32 count, const String &str);
	// The same as above, but accepts a C-like array of characters.
	void replace(uint32 pos, uint32 count, const char *str);
	// Replace the characters in [begin, end) with str._str.
	void replace(iterator begin, iterator end, const String &str);
	// Replace the characters in [begin, end) with str.
	void replace(iterator begin, iterator end, const char *str);
	// Replace _str[posOri, posOri + countOri) with
	// str._str[posDest, posDest + countDest)
	void replace(uint32 posOri, uint32 countOri, const String &str,
					uint32 posDest, uint32 countDest);
	// Replace _str[posOri, posOri + countOri) with
	// str[posDest, posDest + countDest)
	void replace(uint32 posOri, uint32 countOri, const char *str,
					uint32 posDest, uint32 countDest);
	/**@}*/

	/**
	 * Print formatted data into a String object. Similar to sprintf,
	 * except that it stores the result in (variably sized) String
	 * instead of a fixed size buffer.
	 */
	static String format(const char *fmt, ...) GCC_PRINTF(1, 2);

	/**
	 * Print formatted data into a String object. Similar to vsprintf,
	 * except that it stores the result in (variably sized) String
	 * instead of a fixed size buffer.
	 */
	static String vformat(const char *fmt, va_list args);

public:

	iterator begin() {
		// Since the user could potentially
		// change the string via the returned
		// iterator we have to assure we are
		// pointing to a unique storage.
		makeUnique();

		return _str;
	}

	iterator end() {
		return begin() + size();
	}

	const_iterator begin() const {
		return _str;
	}

	const_iterator end() const {
		return begin() + size();
	}

	/** Python-like method **/
	U32String decode(CodePage page = kUtf8) const;

protected:
	void makeUnique();
	void ensureCapacity(uint32 new_size, bool keep_old);
	void incRefCount() const;
	void decRefCount(int *oldRefCount);
	void initWithCStr(const char *str, uint32 len);

	void decodeUTF8(U32String &dst) const;
	void decodeOneByte(U32String &dst, CodePage page) const;
};

// Append two strings to form a new (temp) string
String operator+(const String &x, const String &y);

String operator+(const char *x, const String &y);
String operator+(const String &x, const char *y);

String operator+(const String &x, char y);
String operator+(char x, const String &y);

// Some useful additional comparison operators for Strings
bool operator==(const char *x, const String &y);
bool operator!=(const char *x, const String &y);

// Utility functions to remove leading and trailing whitespaces
extern char *ltrim(char *t);
extern char *rtrim(char *t);
extern char *trim(char *t);


/**
 * Returns the last component of a given path.
 *
 * Examples:
 *          /foo/bar.txt    would return 'bar.txt'
 *          /foo/bar/       would return 'bar'
 *          /foo/./bar//    would return 'bar'
 *
 * @param path the path of which we want to know the last component
 * @param sep character used to separate path components
 * @return The last component of the path.
 */
String lastPathComponent(const String &path, const char sep);

/**
 * Normalize a given path to a canonical form. In particular:
 * - trailing separators are removed:  /foo/bar/ -> /foo/bar
 * - double separators (= empty components) are removed:   /foo//bar -> /foo/bar
 * - dot components are removed:  /foo/./bar -> /foo/bar
 *
 * @todo remove double dot components:  /foo/baz/../bar -> /foo/bar
 *
 * @param path  the path to normalize
 * @param sep   the separator token (usually '/' on Unix-style systems, or '\\' on Windows based stuff)
 * @return      the normalized path
 */
String normalizePath(const String &path, const char sep);


/**
 * Simple DOS-style pattern matching function (understands * and ? like used in DOS).
 * Taken from exult/files/listfiles.cc
 *
 * Token meaning:
 *      "*": any character, any amount of times.
 *      "?": any character, only once.
 *      "#": any decimal digit, only once.
 *
 * Example strings/patterns:
 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.s??    => true
 *      String: monkey.s101  Pattern: monkey.s??    => false
 *      String: monkey.s99   Pattern: monkey.s?1    => false
 *      String: monkey.s101  Pattern: monkey.s*     => true
 *      String: monkey.s99   Pattern: monkey.s*1    => false
 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.s##    => true
 *      String: monkey.s01   Pattern: monkey.###    => false
 *
 * @param str Text to be matched against the given pattern.
 * @param pat Glob pattern.
 * @param ignoreCase Whether to ignore the case when doing pattern match
 * @param pathMode Whether to use path mode, i.e., whether slashes must be matched explicitly.
 *
 * @return true if str matches the pattern, false otherwise.
 */
bool matchString(const char *str, const char *pat, bool ignoreCase = false, bool pathMode = false);

/**
 * Function which replaces substring with the other. It happens in place.
 * If there is no substring found, original string is not changed.
 *
 * @param source String to search and replace substring in.
 * @param what Substring to replace.
 * @param with String to replace with.
 */
void replace(Common::String &source, const Common::String &what, const Common::String &with);

/**
 * Take a 32 bit value and turn it into a four character string, where each of
 * the four bytes is turned into one character. Most significant byte is printed
 * first.
 */
String tag2string(uint32 tag);

/**
 * Copy up to size - 1 characters from src to dst and also zero terminate the
 * result. Note that src must be a zero terminated string.
 *
 * In case size is zero this function just returns the length of the source
 * string.
 *
 * @note This is modeled after OpenBSD's strlcpy. See the manpage here:
 *       http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=strlcpy
 *
 * @param dst The destination buffer.
 * @param src The source string.
 * @param size The size of the destination buffer.
 * @return The length of the (non-truncated) result, i.e. strlen(src).
 */
size_t strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);

/**
 * Append the string src to the string dst. Note that both src and dst must be
 * zero terminated. The result will be zero terminated. At most
 * "size - strlen(dst) - 1" bytes will be appended.
 *
 * In case the dst string does not contain a zero within the first "size" bytes
 * the dst string will not be changed and size + strlen(src) is returned.
 *
 * @note This is modeled after OpenBSD's strlcat. See the manpage here:
 *       http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=strlcat
 *
 * @param dst The string the source string should be appended to.
 * @param src The source string.
 * @param size The (total) size of the destination buffer.
 * @return The length of the (non-truncated) result. That is
 *         strlen(dst) + strlen(src). In case strlen(dst) > size
 *         size + strlen(src) is returned.
 */
size_t strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size);

/**
 * Determine the length of a string up to a maximum of `maxSize` characters.
 * This should be used instead of `strlen` when reading the length of a C string
 * from potentially unsafe or corrupt sources, like game assets.
 *
 * @param src The source string.
 * @param maxSize The maximum size of the string.
 * @return The length of the string.
 */
size_t strnlen(const char *src, size_t maxSize);

/**
 * Convenience wrapper for tag2string which "returns" a C string.
 * Note: It is *NOT* safe to do anything with the return value other than directly
 * copying or printing it.
 */
#define tag2str(x)	Common::tag2string(x).c_str()


} // End of namespace Common

extern int scumm_stricmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
extern int scumm_strnicmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, uint n);
extern char *scumm_strdup(const char *in);

#endif