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https://gitee.com/openharmony/communication_ipc
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265 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
265 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
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# IPC/RPC组件<a name="ZH-CN_TOPIC_0000001103602398"></a>
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- [简介](#section11660541593)
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- [系统架构](#section1950291414611)
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- [目录](#section161941989596)
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- [约束](#section119744591305)
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- [编译构建](#section137768191623)
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- [说明](#section1312121216216)
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- [接口说明](#section1551164914237)
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- [使用说明](#section129654513264)
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- [相关仓](#section1371113476307)
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## 简介<a name="section11660541593"></a>
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IPC(Inter-Process Communication)与RPC(Remote Procedure Call)机制用于实现跨进程通信,不同的是前者使用Binder驱动,用于设备内的跨进程通信,而后者使用软总线驱动,用于跨设备跨进程通信。IPC和RPC通常采用客户端-服务器(Client-Server)模型,服务请求方(Client)可获取提供服务提供方(Server)的代理 (Proxy),并通过此代理读写数据来实现进程间的数据通信。通常,Server会先注册系统能力(System Ability)到系统能力管理者(System Ability Manager,缩写SAMgr)中,SAMgr负责管理这些SA并向Client提供相关的接口。Client要和某个具体的SA通信,必须先从SAMgr中获取该SA的代理,然后使用代理和SA通信。下文使用Proxy表示服务请求方,Stub表示服务提供方。
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## 系统架构<a name="section1950291414611"></a>
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**图 1** IPC通信机制架构图<a name="fig312319321710"></a>
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![](figures/ipc-architecture.png "IPC通信机制架构图")
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## 目录<a name="section161941989596"></a>
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```
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/foundation/communication/ipc
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├── interfaces # 对外接口存放目录
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│ └── innerkits # 对内部子系统暴露的头文件存放目录
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│ ├── ipc_core # ipc 接口存放目录
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│ └── libdbinder # dbinder 接口存放目录
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├── ipc # ipc 框架代码
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│ ├── native # ipc native 实现存放目录
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│ ├── src # ipc native 源代码存放目录
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│ └── test # ipc native 单元测试用例存放目录
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│ └── test # ipc native 模块测试用例存放目录
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├── service # dbinder 实现存放目录
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│ └── dbinder # dbinder 源代码存放目录
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```
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## 约束<a name="section119744591305"></a>
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目前暂不支持的场景:
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跨设备RPC调用
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## 编译构建<a name="section137768191623"></a>
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**Native侧编译依赖**
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sdk依赖:
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```
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external_deps = [
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"ipc:ipc_core",
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]
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```
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此外, IPC/RPC依赖的refbase实现在公共基础库实现//utils下,请增加对utils的源码依赖:
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```
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deps = [
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"//utils/native/base:utils",
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]
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```
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## 说明<a name="section1312121216216"></a>
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Native侧和Java侧实现跨进程通信的步骤基本相同。
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1. 定义接口类
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接口类继承IRemoteBroker,定义描述符、业务函数和消息码。
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2. 实现服务提供端\(Stub\)
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Stub继承IRemoteStub\(Native\)或者RemoteObject\(Java\),除了接口类中未实现方法外,还需要实现AsObject方法及OnRemoteRequest方法。
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3. 实现服务请求端\(Proxy\)
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Proxy继承IRemoteProxy\(Native\)或者RemoteProxy\(Java\),封装业务函数,调用SendRequest将请求发送到Stub。
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4. 注册SA
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服务提供方所在进程启动后,申请SA的唯一标识,将Stub注册到SAMgr。
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5. 获取SA
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6. 通过SA的标识和设备标识,从SAMgr获取Proxy,通过Proxy实现与Stub的跨进程通信。
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### 接口说明<a name="section1551164914237"></a>
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**表 1** Native侧IPC接口
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<a name="table178849240013"></a>
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<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row6884924608"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.1"><p id="p98846241706"><a name="p98846241706"></a><a name="p98846241706"></a>类/接口</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.2"><p id="p1488482414020"><a name="p1488482414020"></a><a name="p1488482414020"></a>方法</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.3"><p id="p388516244016"><a name="p388516244016"></a><a name="p388516244016"></a>功能说明</p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr id="row15885824402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p08859241008"><a name="p08859241008"></a><a name="p08859241008"></a>IRemoteBroker</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="p388572412010"><a name="p388572412010"></a><a name="p388572412010"></a>sptr<IRemoteObject> AsObject()</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p13885724405"><a name="p13885724405"></a><a name="p13885724405"></a>返回通信对象。派生类需要实现,Stub端返回RemoteObject对象本身,Proxy端返回代理对象。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row138859241808"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p1888515245012"><a name="p1888515245012"></a><a name="p1888515245012"></a>IRemoteStub</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="p1388516240011"><a name="p1388516240011"></a><a name="p1388516240011"></a>virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p1188582414016"><a name="p1188582414016"></a><a name="p1188582414016"></a>请求处理方法,派生类需要重写,处理Proxy的请求并返回结果。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row108856241904"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p6885924609"><a name="p6885924609"></a><a name="p6885924609"></a>IRemoteProxy</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "> </td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p688592413018"><a name="p688592413018"></a><a name="p688592413018"></a>业务Proxy类派生自IRemoteProxy类。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### 使用说明<a name="section129654513264"></a>
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**Native侧使用说明**
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定义IPC接口ITestAbility
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IPC接口继承IPC基类接口IRemoteBroker,接口里定义描述符、业务函数和消息码,其中业务函数在Proxy端和Stub端都需要实现。
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```
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class ITestAbility : public IRemoteBroker {
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public:
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// DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR是必须的, 入参需使用std::u16string;
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DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(u"test.ITestAbility");
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int TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY = 1; // 定义消息码
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virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) = 0; // 定义业务函数
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};
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```
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定义和实现服务端TestAbilityStub
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该类是和IPC框架相关的实现,需要继承 IRemoteStub<ITestAbility\>。Stub端作为接收请求的一端,需重写OnRemoteRequest方法用于接收客户端调用。
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```
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class TestAbilityStub : public IRemoteStub<ITestAbility> {
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public:
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virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
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int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
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};
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int TestServiceStub::OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code,
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MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)
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{
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switch (code) {
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case TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY: {
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std::u16string dummy = data.ReadString16();
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int result = TestPingAbility(dummy);
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reply.WriteInt32(result);
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return 0;
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}
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default:
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return IPCObjectStub::OnRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option);
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}
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}
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```
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定义服务端业务函数具体实现类TestAbility
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```
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class TestAbility : public TestAbilityStub {
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public:
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int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy);
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}
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int TestAbility::TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) {
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return 0;
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}
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```
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定义和实现客户端TestAbilityProxy
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该类是Proxy端实现,继承IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility\>,调用SendRequest接口向Stub端发送请求,对外暴露服务端提供的能力。
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```
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class TestAbilityProxy : public IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility> {
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public:
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explicit TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl);
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int TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
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private:
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static inline BrokerDelegator<TestAbilityProxy> delegator_; // 方便使用iface_cast宏
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}
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TestAbilityProxy::TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl)
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: IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility>(impl)
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{
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}
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int TestAbilityProxy::TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) {
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MessageOption option;
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MessageParcel dataParcel, replyParcel;
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dataParcel.WriteString16(dummy);
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int error = Remote()->SendRequest(TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY, dataParcel, replyParcel, option);
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int result = (error == ERR_NONE) ? replyParcel.ReadInt32() : -1;
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return result;
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}
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```
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同步调用与异步调用
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MessageOption作为发送接口(原型如下)的入参,可设定同步(TF\_SYNC)、异步(TF\_ASYNC)、接收FD(TF\_ACCEPT\_FDS),默认情况下设定为同步,其余可通过MessageOption构造方法或void SetFlags\(int flags\)设定。
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```
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int SendRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data,
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MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
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MessageOption option = { MessageOption::TF_ASYNC };
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```
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SA注册与启动
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SA需要将自己的TestAbilityStub实例通过AddSystemAbility接口注册到SystemAbilityManager,设备内与分布式的注册参数不同。
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```
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// 注册到本设备内
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auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
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samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility());
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// 在组网场景下,会被同步到其他设备上
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auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
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ISystemAbilityManager::SAExtraProp saExtra;
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saExtra.isDistributed = true; // 设置为分布式SA
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int result = samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility(), saExtra);
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```
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SA获取与调用
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通过SystemAbilityManager的GetSystemAbility方法可获取到对应SA的代理IRemoteObject,然后构造TestAbilityProxy即可。
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```
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// 获取本设备内注册的SA的proxy
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sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
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sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(said);
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sptr<ITestAbility> testAbility = iface_cast<ITestAbility>(remoteObject); // 使用iface_cast宏转换成具体类型
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// 获取其他设备注册的SA的Proxy
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sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
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sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(sdid, deviceId); // deviceId是指定设备的标识符
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sptr<TestAbilityProxy> proxy(new TestAbilityProxy(remoteObject)); // 直接构造具体Proxy
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```
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## 相关仓<a name="section1371113476307"></a>
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分布式软总线子系统
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**communication\_ipc**
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utils
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utils\_native
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distributedschedule\_samgr
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