communication_ipc/README_zh.md

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2021-06-01 16:05:38 +00:00
# IPC/RPC组件<a name="ZH-CN_TOPIC_0000001103602398"></a>
- [简介](#section11660541593)
- [系统架构](#section1950291414611)
- [目录](#section161941989596)
- [约束](#section119744591305)
- [编译构建](#section137768191623)
- [说明](#section1312121216216)
- [接口说明](#section1551164914237)
- [使用说明](#section129654513264)
- [相关仓](#section1371113476307)
## 简介<a name="section11660541593"></a>
IPCInter-Process Communication与RPCRemote Procedure Call机制用于实现跨进程通信不同的是前者使用Binder驱动用于设备内的跨进程通信而后者使用软总线驱动用于跨设备跨进程通信。IPC和RPC通常采用客户端-服务器Client-Server模型服务请求方Client可获取提供服务提供方Server的代理 Proxy并通过此代理读写数据来实现进程间的数据通信。通常Server会先注册系统能力System Ability到系统能力管理者System Ability Manager缩写SAMgrSAMgr负责管理这些SA并向Client提供相关的接口。Client要和某个具体的SA通信必须先从SAMgr中获取该SA的代理然后使用代理和SA通信。下文使用Proxy表示服务请求方Stub表示服务提供方。
## 系统架构<a name="section1950291414611"></a>
**图 1** IPC通信机制架构图<a name="fig312319321710"></a>
![](figures/ipc-architecture.png "IPC通信机制架构图")
## 目录<a name="section161941989596"></a>
```
/foundation/communication/ipc
├── interfaces # 对外接口存放目录
│ └── innerkits # 对内部子系统暴露的头文件存放目录
│ ├── ipc_core # ipc 接口存放目录
│ └── libdbinder # dbinder 接口存放目录
├── ipc # ipc 框架代码
│ ├── native # ipc native 实现存放目录
│ ├── src # ipc native 源代码存放目录
│ └── test # ipc native 单元测试用例存放目录
│ └── test # ipc native 模块测试用例存放目录
├── service # dbinder 实现存放目录
│ └── dbinder # dbinder 源代码存放目录
```
## 约束<a name="section119744591305"></a>
目前暂不支持的场景:
跨设备RPC调用
## 编译构建<a name="section137768191623"></a>
**Native侧编译依赖**
sdk依赖
```
external_deps = [
"ipc:ipc_core",
]
```
此外, IPC/RPC依赖的refbase实现在公共基础库实现//utils下请增加对utils的源码依赖
```
deps = [
"//utils/native/base:utils",
]
```
## 说明<a name="section1312121216216"></a>
Native侧和Java侧实现跨进程通信的步骤基本相同。
1. 定义接口类
接口类继承IRemoteBroker定义描述符、业务函数和消息码。
2. 实现服务提供端\(Stub\)
Stub继承IRemoteStub\(Native\)或者RemoteObject\(Java\)除了接口类中未实现方法外还需要实现AsObject方法及OnRemoteRequest方法。
3. 实现服务请求端\(Proxy\)
Proxy继承IRemoteProxy\(Native\)或者RemoteProxy\(Java\)封装业务函数调用SendRequest将请求发送到Stub。
4. 注册SA
服务提供方所在进程启动后申请SA的唯一标识将Stub注册到SAMgr。
5. 获取SA
6. 通过SA的标识和设备标识从SAMgr获取Proxy通过Proxy实现与Stub的跨进程通信。
### 接口说明<a name="section1551164914237"></a>
**表 1** Native侧IPC接口
<a name="table178849240013"></a>
<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row6884924608"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.1"><p id="p98846241706"><a name="p98846241706"></a><a name="p98846241706"></a>类/接口</p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.2"><p id="p1488482414020"><a name="p1488482414020"></a><a name="p1488482414020"></a>方法</p>
</th>
<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.3"><p id="p388516244016"><a name="p388516244016"></a><a name="p388516244016"></a>功能说明</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr id="row15885824402"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p08859241008"><a name="p08859241008"></a><a name="p08859241008"></a>IRemoteBroker</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="p388572412010"><a name="p388572412010"></a><a name="p388572412010"></a>sptr&lt;IRemoteObject&gt; AsObject()</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p13885724405"><a name="p13885724405"></a><a name="p13885724405"></a>返回通信对象。派生类需要实现Stub端返回RemoteObject对象本身Proxy端返回代理对象。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row138859241808"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p1888515245012"><a name="p1888515245012"></a><a name="p1888515245012"></a>IRemoteStub</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="p1388516240011"><a name="p1388516240011"></a><a name="p1388516240011"></a>virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &amp;data, MessageParcel &amp;reply, MessageOption &amp;option)</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p1188582414016"><a name="p1188582414016"></a><a name="p1188582414016"></a>请求处理方法派生类需要重写处理Proxy的请求并返回结果。</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="row108856241904"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="14.12141214121412%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="p6885924609"><a name="p6885924609"></a><a name="p6885924609"></a>IRemoteProxy</p>
</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="52.54525452545254%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="33.33333333333333%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="p688592413018"><a name="p688592413018"></a><a name="p688592413018"></a>业务Proxy类派生自IRemoteProxy类。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 使用说明<a name="section129654513264"></a>
**Native侧使用说明**
定义IPC接口ITestAbility
IPC接口继承IPC基类接口IRemoteBroker接口里定义描述符、业务函数和消息码其中业务函数在Proxy端和Stub端都需要实现。
```
class ITestAbility : public IRemoteBroker {
public:
// DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR是必须的 入参需使用std::u16string
DECLARE_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR(u"test.ITestAbility");
int TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY = 1; // 定义消息码
virtual int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) = 0; // 定义业务函数
};
```
定义和实现服务端TestAbilityStub
该类是和IPC框架相关的实现需要继承 IRemoteStub<ITestAbility\>Stub端作为接收请求的一端需重写OnRemoteRequest方法用于接收客户端调用
```
class TestAbilityStub : public IRemoteStub<ITestAbility> {
public:
virtual int OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
};
int TestServiceStub::OnRemoteRequest(uint32_t code,
MessageParcel &data, MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)
{
switch (code) {
case TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY: {
std::u16string dummy = data.ReadString16();
int result = TestPingAbility(dummy);
reply.WriteInt32(result);
return 0;
}
default:
return IPCObjectStub::OnRemoteRequest(code, data, reply, option);
}
}
```
定义服务端业务函数具体实现类TestAbility
```
class TestAbility : public TestAbilityStub {
public:
int TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy);
}
int TestAbility::TestPingAbility(const std::u16string &dummy) {
return 0;
}
```
定义和实现客户端TestAbilityProxy
该类是Proxy端实现继承IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility\>调用SendRequest接口向Stub端发送请求对外暴露服务端提供的能力
```
class TestAbilityProxy : public IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility> {
public:
explicit TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl);
int TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) override;
private:
static inline BrokerDelegator<TestAbilityProxy> delegator_; // 方便使用iface_cast宏
}
TestAbilityProxy::TestAbilityProxy(const sptr<IRemoteObject> &impl)
: IRemoteProxy<ITestAbility>(impl)
{
}
int TestAbilityProxy::TestPingService(const std::u16string &dummy) {
MessageOption option;
MessageParcel dataParcel, replyParcel;
dataParcel.WriteString16(dummy);
int error = Remote()->SendRequest(TRANS_ID_PING_ABILITY, dataParcel, replyParcel, option);
int result = (error == ERR_NONE) ? replyParcel.ReadInt32() : -1;
return result;
}
```
同步调用与异步调用
MessageOption作为发送接口原型如下的入参可设定同步TF\_SYNC、异步TF\_ASYNC、接收FDTF\_ACCEPT\_FDS默认情况下设定为同步其余可通过MessageOption构造方法或void SetFlags\(int flags\)设定。
```
int SendRequest(uint32_t code, MessageParcel &data,
MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option) override;
MessageOption option = { MessageOption::TF_ASYNC };
```
SA注册与启动
SA需要将自己的TestAbilityStub实例通过AddSystemAbility接口注册到SystemAbilityManager设备内与分布式的注册参数不同。
```
// 注册到本设备内
auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility());
// 在组网场景下,会被同步到其他设备上
auto samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
ISystemAbilityManager::SAExtraProp saExtra;
saExtra.isDistributed = true; // 设置为分布式SA
int result = samgr->AddSystemAbility(said, new TestAbility(), saExtra);
```
SA获取与调用
通过SystemAbilityManager的GetSystemAbility方法可获取到对应SA的代理IRemoteObject然后构造TestAbilityProxy即可。
```
// 获取本设备内注册的SA的proxy
sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(said);
sptr<ITestAbility> testAbility = iface_cast<ITestAbility>(remoteObject); // 使用iface_cast宏转换成具体类型
// 获取其他设备注册的SA的Proxy
sptr<ISystemAbilityManager> samgr = SystemAbilityManagerClient::GetInstance().GetSystemAbilityManager();
sptr<IRemoteObject> remoteObject = samgr->GetSystemAbility(sdid, deviceId); // deviceId是指定设备的标识符
sptr<TestAbilityProxy> proxy(new TestAbilityProxy(remoteObject)); // 直接构造具体Proxy
```
## 相关仓<a name="section1371113476307"></a>
分布式软总线子系统
**communication\_ipc**
utils
utils\_native
distributedschedule\_samgr