fs2open.github.com/code/graphics/vulkan/VulkanPostProcessing.cpp

#include "VulkanPostProcessing.h"

#include <array>

#include "cmdline/cmdline.h"
#include "gr_vulkan.h"
#include "VulkanRenderer.h"
#include "VulkanBuffer.h"
#include "VulkanPipeline.h"
#include "VulkanState.h"
#include "VulkanDescriptorManager.h"
#include "graphics/util/uniform_structs.h"
#include "graphics/post_processing.h"
#include "graphics/grinternal.h"
#include "graphics/shadows.h"
#include "graphics/2d.h"
#include "lighting/lighting_profiles.h"
#include "lighting/lighting.h"
#include "math/vecmat.h"
#include "nebula/neb.h"
#include "nebula/volumetrics.h"
#include "mission/missionparse.h"

extern float Sun_spot;
extern int Game_subspace_effect;
extern SCP_vector<light> Lights;
extern int Num_lights;


namespace graphics::vulkan {

// Global post-processor pointer
static VulkanPostProcessor* g_postProcessor = nullptr;

VulkanPostProcessor* getPostProcessor()
{
	return g_postProcessor;
}

void setPostProcessor(VulkanPostProcessor* pp)
{
	g_postProcessor = pp;
}

bool VulkanPostProcessor::init(vk::Device device, vk::PhysicalDevice physDevice,
                               VulkanMemoryManager* memMgr, vk::Extent2D extent,
                               vk::Format depthFormat, bool hdrActive)
{
	if (m_initialized) {
		return true;
	}

	m_ctx.device = device;
	m_ctx.memoryManager = memMgr;
	m_ctx.sceneExtent = extent;
	m_ctx.depthFormat = depthFormat;
	m_ctx.hdrActive = hdrActive;
	// In HDR the tonemapped scene must be able to exceed paper white, so use fp16.
	m_ctx.ldrFormat = hdrActive ? HDR_COLOR_FORMAT : LDR_COLOR_FORMAT;

	// Verify RGBA16F support for color attachment + sampling
	{
		vk::FormatProperties props = physDevice.getFormatProperties(HDR_COLOR_FORMAT);
		if (!(props.optimalTilingFeatures & vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eColorAttachment) ||
		    !(props.optimalTilingFeatures & vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eSampledImage)) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: RGBA16F not supported for color attachment + sampling!\n"));
			return false;
		}
	}

	// Create the extent-sized scene targets (color, depth, effect, depth copy)
	if (!createSceneTargets(extent)) {
		shutdown();
		return false;
	}

	// Create HDR scene render pass
	// Attachment 0: Color (RGBA16F)
	//   loadOp=eClear: clear to black each frame
	//   finalLayout=eShaderReadOnlyOptimal: ready for post-processing sampling
	// Attachment 1: Depth
	//   loadOp=eClear: clear to far plane
	//   finalLayout=eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal
	{
		std::array<vk::AttachmentDescription, 2> attachments;

		// Color
		attachments[0].format = HDR_COLOR_FORMAT;
		attachments[0].samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
		attachments[0].loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear;
		attachments[0].storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare;
		attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare;
		attachments[0].initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined;
		attachments[0].finalLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal;

		// Depth — storeOp=eStore required for:
		// 1. copy_effect_texture mid-scene interruption (depth must survive render pass end/resume)
		// 2. lightshafts pass (samples scene depth after render pass ends)
		attachments[1].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[1].samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
		attachments[1].loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear;
		attachments[1].storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eClear;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::AttachmentReference colorRef;
		colorRef.attachment = 0;
		colorRef.layout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::AttachmentReference depthRef;
		depthRef.attachment = 1;
		depthRef.layout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::SubpassDescription subpass;
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorRef;
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthRef;

		// Dependency: external → subpass 0.
		// Note: render-pass compatibility (sharing m_sceneFramebuffer between this
		// pass and m_sceneRenderPassLoad, and binding pipelines across both) is
		// defined only by attachment formats/samples and subpass structure --
		// dependencies are NOT part of it. So each pass may carry the dependency it
		// actually needs; they happen to be identical here only because both begin
		// a frame's use of the same shared scene targets.
		vk::SubpassDependency dependency;
		dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
		// srcAccessMask must make the PREVIOUS frame's writes to the (single-
		// instance, shared-across-frames) scene color + depth available before
		// this frame clears/loads them again -- otherwise frame N+1's
		// vkCmdBeginRenderPass races frame N's color storeOp / depth writes
		// (cross-frame WRITE_AFTER_WRITE, flagged by -gr_sync_validation). Also
		// covers the prior frame's post-processing sample (eShaderRead) and
		// copy_effect_texture transfer.
		dependency.srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eEarlyFragmentTests
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eLateFragmentTests
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eFragmentShader
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer;
		dependency.dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eEarlyFragmentTests;
		dependency.srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead;
		dependency.dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentRead;

		vk::RenderPassCreateInfo rpInfo;
		rpInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
		rpInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		rpInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		rpInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
		rpInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
		rpInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

		try {
			m_sceneRenderPass = m_ctx.device.createRenderPass(rpInfo);
		} catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene render pass: %s\n", e.what()));
			shutdown();
			return false;
		}
	}

	// Create scene render pass with loadOp=eLoad (for resuming after copy_effect_texture)
	// Compatible with m_sceneRenderPass (same formats/samples) so shares the same framebuffer
	{
		std::array<vk::AttachmentDescription, 2> attachments;

		// Color — load existing content, keep final layout for post-processing
		attachments[0].format = HDR_COLOR_FORMAT;
		attachments[0].samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
		attachments[0].loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad;
		attachments[0].storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eDontCare;
		attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eDontCare;
		attachments[0].initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;
		attachments[0].finalLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal;

		// Depth — load existing content
		attachments[1].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[1].samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
		attachments[1].loadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad;
		attachments[1].storeOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::AttachmentReference colorRef;
		colorRef.attachment = 0;
		colorRef.layout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::AttachmentReference depthRef;
		depthRef.attachment = 1;
		depthRef.layout = vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal;

		vk::SubpassDescription subpass;
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorRef;
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthRef;

		// Kept identical to m_sceneRenderPass's dependency because both passes begin
		// a frame's use of the same shared scene targets and need the same
		// cross-frame ordering -- NOT because compatibility requires it (it does
		// not; compatibility ignores dependencies).
		vk::SubpassDependency dependency;
		dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
		// srcAccessMask must make the PREVIOUS frame's writes to the (single-
		// instance, shared-across-frames) scene color + depth available before
		// this frame clears/loads them again -- otherwise frame N+1's
		// vkCmdBeginRenderPass races frame N's color storeOp / depth writes
		// (cross-frame WRITE_AFTER_WRITE, flagged by -gr_sync_validation). Also
		// covers the prior frame's post-processing sample (eShaderRead) and
		// copy_effect_texture transfer.
		dependency.srcStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eEarlyFragmentTests
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eLateFragmentTests
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eFragmentShader
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer;
		dependency.dstStageMask = vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
		                        | vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eEarlyFragmentTests;
		dependency.srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead;
		dependency.dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentWrite
		                         | vk::AccessFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachmentRead;

		vk::RenderPassCreateInfo rpInfo;
		rpInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
		rpInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		rpInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		rpInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
		rpInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
		rpInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

		try {
			m_sceneRenderPassLoad = m_ctx.device.createRenderPass(rpInfo);
		} catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene load render pass: %s\n", e.what()));
			shutdown();
			return false;
		}
	}

	// Create scene framebuffer
	if (!createSceneFramebuffer()) {
		shutdown();
		return false;
	}

	// Create linear sampler for post-processing texture reads
	{
		vk::SamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo;
		samplerInfo.magFilter = vk::Filter::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.minFilter = vk::Filter::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.mipmapMode = vk::SamplerMipmapMode::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.addressModeU = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.addressModeV = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.addressModeW = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE;
		samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
		samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.maxLod = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.borderColor = vk::BorderColor::eFloatOpaqueBlack;

		try {
			m_ctx.linearSampler = m_ctx.device.createSampler(samplerInfo);
		} catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create sampler: %s\n", e.what()));
			shutdown();
			return false;
		}
	}

	// Create mipmap sampler for bloom textures (supports textureLod)
	{
		vk::SamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo;
		samplerInfo.magFilter = vk::Filter::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.minFilter = vk::Filter::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.mipmapMode = vk::SamplerMipmapMode::eLinear;
		samplerInfo.addressModeU = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.addressModeV = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.addressModeW = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
		samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE;
		samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
		samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.maxLod = static_cast<float>(VulkanBloom::MAX_MIP_BLUR_LEVELS);
		samplerInfo.borderColor = vk::BorderColor::eFloatOpaqueBlack;

		try {
			m_ctx.mipmapSampler = m_ctx.device.createSampler(samplerInfo);
		} catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create mipmap sampler: %s\n", e.what()));
			shutdown();
			return false;
		}
	}

	// Tonemap (blitToSwapChain) and output-encode UBO data comes from the shared
	// per-frame scratch ring below -- no dedicated persistent UBOs. A single-
	// instance buffer would risk being rewritten every frame while a prior
	// in-flight frame's GPU work is still reading it.

	// Create the shared scratch UBO ring (used by every subsystem's drawFullscreenTriangle)
	if (!m_ctx.initScratchUBO()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scratch UBO!\n"));
		shutdown();
		return false;
	}

	// Initialize bloom resources (non-fatal if it fails)
	if (!initBloom()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Bloom initialization failed (non-fatal)\n"));
	}

	// Initialize LDR targets for tonemapping + FXAA (non-fatal if it fails)
	if (!m_ldr.init(m_ctx, m_sceneColor, m_sceneDepth, m_bloom)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: LDR target initialization failed (non-fatal)\n"));
	}

	// Initialize SMAA resources (non-fatal if it fails; requires LDR targets)
	if (m_ldr.isInitialized() && !m_smaa.init(m_ctx, m_ldr)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: SMAA initialization failed (non-fatal)\n"));
	}

	// Initialize distortion ping-pong textures (non-fatal if it fails)
	m_distortion.init(m_ctx);

	// Initialize G-buffer for deferred lighting (non-fatal)
	if (!initGBuffer()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: G-buffer initialization failed (non-fatal)\n"));
	}

	// Wire the deferred light accumulation + fog subsystems (resources are lazy).
	m_lighting.init(m_ctx, m_sceneColor, m_deferred, m_shadow);
	m_fog.init(m_ctx, m_sceneColor, m_sceneDepth, m_sceneDepthCopy, m_deferred);

	// Initialize MSAA resources if MSAA is enabled and G-buffer is ready
	if (m_deferred.isInitialized() && Cmdline_msaa_enabled > 0) {
		if (!initMSAA()) {
			nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: MSAA initialization failed (non-fatal, disabling MSAA)\n"));
			Cmdline_msaa_enabled = 0;
		}
	}

	m_initialized = true;
	nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Initialized (%ux%u, RGBA16F scene color)\n",
		extent.width, extent.height));
	return true;
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::shutdown()
{
	if (m_ctx.device) {
		m_ctx.device.waitIdle();

		m_fog.shutdown();
		shutdownShadowPass();
		shadow_cascade_params_shutdown();
		shutdownMSAA();
		m_lighting.shutdown();
		shutdownGBuffer();
		m_smaa.shutdown();
		m_ldr.shutdown();
		shutdownBloom();

		m_ctx.shutdownScratchUBO();

		if (m_ctx.mipmapSampler) {
			m_ctx.device.destroySampler(m_ctx.mipmapSampler);
			m_ctx.mipmapSampler = nullptr;
		}

		if (m_ctx.linearSampler) {
			m_ctx.device.destroySampler(m_ctx.linearSampler);
			m_ctx.linearSampler = nullptr;
		}
		destroySceneTargets();

		if (m_sceneRenderPassLoad) {
			m_ctx.device.destroyRenderPass(m_sceneRenderPassLoad);
			m_sceneRenderPassLoad = nullptr;
		}
		if (m_sceneRenderPass) {
			m_ctx.device.destroyRenderPass(m_sceneRenderPass);
			m_sceneRenderPass = nullptr;
		}

		// Destroy distortion textures
		m_distortion.shutdown();
	}

	m_initialized = false;
}

bool VulkanPostProcessor::createSceneTargets(vk::Extent2D extent)
{
	// HDR scene color target (RGBA16F)
	// eTransferSrc needed for copy_effect_texture (mid-scene snapshot)
	// eTransferDst needed for deferred_lighting_finish (emissive→color copy)
	if (!createImage(extent.width, extent.height, HDR_COLOR_FORMAT,
	                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled
	                 | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
	                 vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
	                 m_sceneColor.image, m_sceneColor.view, m_sceneColor.allocation)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene color image!\n"));
		return false;
	}
	m_sceneColor.format = HDR_COLOR_FORMAT;
	m_sceneColor.width = extent.width;
	m_sceneColor.height = extent.height;

	// Scene depth target
	// eTransferDst needed for restoreSceneDepth (backup→depth copy after the cockpit render)
	if (!createImage(extent.width, extent.height, m_ctx.depthFormat,
	                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment
	                 | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled
	                 | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc
	                 | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
	                 vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth,  // View uses depth-only aspect
	                 m_sceneDepth.image, m_sceneDepth.view, m_sceneDepth.allocation)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene depth image!\n"));
		return false;
	}
	m_sceneDepth.format = m_ctx.depthFormat;
	m_sceneDepth.width = extent.width;
	m_sceneDepth.height = extent.height;

	// Effect/composite texture (RGBA16F, snapshot of scene color for distortion/soft particles)
	if (!createImage(extent.width, extent.height, HDR_COLOR_FORMAT,
	                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
	                 vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
	                 m_sceneEffect.image, m_sceneEffect.view, m_sceneEffect.allocation)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene effect image!\n"));
		return false;
	}
	m_sceneEffect.format = HDR_COLOR_FORMAT;
	m_sceneEffect.width = extent.width;
	m_sceneEffect.height = extent.height;

	// Scene depth copy (samplable copy for soft particles)
	// Same depth format, usage: eTransferDst (copy target) + eSampled (fragment shader reads)
	if (!createImage(extent.width, extent.height, m_ctx.depthFormat,
	                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
	                 vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth,
	                 m_sceneDepthCopy.image, m_sceneDepthCopy.view, m_sceneDepthCopy.allocation)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene depth copy image!\n"));
		return false;
	}
	m_sceneDepthCopy.format = m_ctx.depthFormat;
	m_sceneDepthCopy.width = extent.width;
	m_sceneDepthCopy.height = extent.height;

	// Scene depth backup (holds the scene's depth while the cockpit renders)
	// Copy target on the way out, copy source on the way back in. No shader ever reads it,
	// but eSampled stays: createImage() always builds a view, and a view needs at least one
	// non-transfer usage bit (VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04441).
	if (!createImage(extent.width, extent.height, m_ctx.depthFormat,
	                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc
	                 | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled,
	                 vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eDepth,
	                 m_sceneDepthBackup.image, m_sceneDepthBackup.view, m_sceneDepthBackup.allocation)) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene depth backup image!\n"));
		return false;
	}
	m_sceneDepthBackup.format = m_ctx.depthFormat;
	m_sceneDepthBackup.width = extent.width;
	m_sceneDepthBackup.height = extent.height;

	return true;
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::destroySceneTargets()
{
	if (m_sceneFramebuffer) {
		m_ctx.device.destroyFramebuffer(m_sceneFramebuffer);
		m_sceneFramebuffer = nullptr;
	}
	m_ctx.destroyTarget(m_sceneEffect);
	m_ctx.destroyTarget(m_sceneColor);
	m_ctx.destroyTarget(m_sceneDepth);
	m_ctx.destroyTarget(m_sceneDepthCopy);
	m_ctx.destroyTarget(m_sceneDepthBackup);
}

bool VulkanPostProcessor::createSceneFramebuffer()
{
	std::array<vk::ImageView, 2> fbAttachments = {m_sceneColor.view, m_sceneDepth.view};

	vk::FramebufferCreateInfo fbInfo;
	fbInfo.renderPass = m_sceneRenderPass;
	fbInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(fbAttachments.size());
	fbInfo.pAttachments = fbAttachments.data();
	fbInfo.width = m_ctx.sceneExtent.width;
	fbInfo.height = m_ctx.sceneExtent.height;
	fbInfo.layers = 1;

	try {
		m_sceneFramebuffer = m_ctx.device.createFramebuffer(fbInfo);
	} catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to create scene framebuffer: %s\n", e.what()));
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

bool VulkanPostProcessor::resize(vk::Extent2D newExtent)
{
	if (!m_initialized) {
		return false;
	}
	if (newExtent == m_ctx.sceneExtent) {
		return true;
	}

	// Caller (recreateSwapChain) has already waited for the device to go idle.
	m_ctx.sceneExtent = newExtent;

	// Scene targets first: every subsystem framebuffer that wires scene
	// color/depth needs the recreated views.
	destroySceneTargets();
	if (!createSceneTargets(newExtent) || !createSceneFramebuffer()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to recreate scene targets on resize!\n"));
		return false;
	}

	// Subsystems recreate only their extent-sized targets/framebuffers; their
	// render passes, samplers, and lookup textures are extent-independent.
	// Failures are non-fatal and disable the subsystem, matching init().
	if (m_bloom.isInitialized() && !m_bloom.resize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Bloom resize failed, disabling bloom\n"));
		m_bloom.shutdown();
	}
	if (m_ldr.isInitialized() && !m_ldr.resize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: LDR resize failed, disabling LDR + SMAA\n"));
		m_smaa.shutdown();
		m_ldr.shutdown();
	}
	if (m_smaa.isInitialized() && !m_smaa.resize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: SMAA resize failed, disabling SMAA\n"));
		m_smaa.shutdown();
	}
	if (m_deferred.isInitialized() && !m_deferred.resize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: G-buffer resize failed, disabling deferred lighting\n"));
		m_deferred.shutdownMsaa();
		m_deferred.shutdown();
	}
	// The light-accumulation framebuffer attaches the (just recreated) G-buffer
	// composite view — must come after the G-buffer resize.
	if (!m_lighting.onResize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Deferred-lighting resize failed, disabling it\n"));
		m_lighting.shutdown();
	}
	// The fog framebuffer attaches the (just recreated) scene color view.
	if (!m_fog.onResize()) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Fog resize failed, disabling fog\n"));
		m_fog.shutdown();
	}
	// Distortion (fixed 32x32) and the shadow map (sized from Shadow_quality)
	// are extent-independent.

	nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Resized to %ux%u\n", newExtent.width, newExtent.height));
	return true;
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::copyEffectTexture(vk::CommandBuffer cmd) const
{
	// Called mid-scene, outside a render pass.
	// Scene color is in eShaderReadOnlyOptimal (from the ended scene render pass).
	// Copies scene color → effect texture so distortion/soft particle shaders can sample it.
	copyImageToImage(cmd,
		m_sceneColor.image, vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal,
		m_sceneEffect.image, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal,
		m_ctx.sceneExtent);
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::copySceneDepth(vk::CommandBuffer cmd) const
{
	// Called mid-scene, outside a render pass.
	// Copies scene depth → depth copy texture so soft particle shaders can sample it.
	// Scene depth is in eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal (from the ended scene render pass).
	copyImageToImage(cmd,
		m_sceneDepth.image, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal,
		m_sceneDepthCopy.image, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal,
		m_ctx.sceneExtent,
		imageAspectFromFormat(m_ctx.depthFormat));
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::saveSceneDepth(vk::CommandBuffer cmd) const
{
	// Called outside a render pass, so scene depth is in eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal
	// (the scene/G-buffer render pass finalLayout). The backup keeps no content between
	// frames, hence eUndefined: the copy overwrites every texel.
	copyImageToImage(cmd,
		m_sceneDepth.image, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal,
		m_sceneDepthBackup.image, vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
		m_ctx.sceneExtent,
		imageAspectFromFormat(m_ctx.depthFormat));
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::restoreSceneDepth(vk::CommandBuffer cmd) const
{
	// The backup was left in eTransferSrcOptimal by saveSceneDepth() and stays there --
	// the next save transitions it from eUndefined anyway.
	copyImageToImage(cmd,
		m_sceneDepthBackup.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
		m_sceneDepth.image, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal, vk::ImageLayout::eDepthStencilAttachmentOptimal,
		m_ctx.sceneExtent,
		imageAspectFromFormat(m_ctx.depthFormat));
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::blitToSwapChain(vk::CommandBuffer cmd)
{
	// C8: unlike PostProcessContext::drawFullscreenTriangle (which begins and ends
	// its OWN render pass), blitToSwapChain draws INTO the caller's already-active
	// composition render pass — it keys the pipeline on
	// stateTracker->getCurrentRenderPass() and goes through the state tracker
	// (bindPipeline/setViewport) rather than raw cmd recording, because the HUD/2D
	// draws that follow it in the same pass must see consistent tracker state. That
	// in-pass, tracker-routed shape is why it can't be folded into the standalone
	// helper.
	//
	// If LDR targets exist, executeTonemap()+executeFXAA() already ran.
	// Blit from the latest post-processing result with passthrough settings.
	// Otherwise, fall back to direct HDR→swap chain tonemapping.
	bool useLdr = m_ldr.isInitialized();

	auto* pipelineMgr = getPipelineManager();
	auto* descriptorMgr = getDescriptorManager();
	auto* stateTracker = getStateTracker();
	auto* bufferMgr = getBufferManager();

	if (!pipelineMgr || !descriptorMgr || !stateTracker || !bufferMgr) {
		return;
	}

	GR_DEBUG_SCOPE("Draw scene texture");

	// Build pipeline config for tonemapping (fullscreen, no depth, no blending)
	PipelineConfig config;
	config.shaderType = SDR_TYPE_POST_PROCESS_TONEMAPPING;
	config.shaderFlags = useLdr ? SDR_FLAG_TONEMAPPING_LINEAR_OUT : 0;
	config.vertexLayoutHash = 0;  // Empty vertex layout
	config.primitiveType = PRIM_TYPE_TRIS;
	config.depthMode = ZBUFFER_TYPE_NONE;
	config.blendMode = ALPHA_BLEND_NONE;
	config.cullEnabled = false;
	config.depthWriteEnabled = false;
	config.renderPass = stateTracker->getCurrentRenderPass();

	// Get or create the pipeline
	vertex_layout emptyLayout;  // No vertex components
	vk::Pipeline pipeline = pipelineMgr->getPipeline(config, emptyLayout);
	if (!pipeline) {
		nprintf(("vulkan", "VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to get tonemapping pipeline!\n"));
		return;
	}

	vk::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout = pipelineMgr->getPipelineLayout();
	stateTracker->bindPipeline(pipeline, pipelineLayout);

	// Set viewport (non-flipped for post-processing — textures are already
	// in the correct Vulkan orientation, no Y-flip needed)
	stateTracker->setViewport(0.0f, 0.0f,
		static_cast<float>(m_ctx.sceneExtent.width),
		static_cast<float>(m_ctx.sceneExtent.height));

	stateTracker->applyDynamicState();

	DescriptorWriter writer;
	writer.reset(m_ctx.device, descriptorMgr->getFallbacks());

	// Set 1: Material — source texture at array slot 0
	vk::DescriptorSet materialSet = descriptorMgr->allocateFrameSet(DescriptorSetIndex::Material);
	Assert(materialSet);
	writer.writeSet(DescriptorSetIndex::Material, materialSet);
	{
		std::array<vk::DescriptorImageInfo, VulkanDescriptorManager::MAX_TEXTURE_BINDINGS> texArrayInfos;
		texArrayInfos.fill(descriptorMgr->getFallbacks().texture2D);
		texArrayInfos[0].sampler = m_ctx.linearSampler;
		texArrayInfos[0].imageView = m_ldr.postEffectsApplied() ? m_ldr.luminanceView()
		                            : useLdr ? m_ldr.ldrView()
		                            : m_sceneColor.view;
		writer.setImageArray(MaterialBinding::TextureArray, texArrayInfos);
	}

	// Set 2: PerDraw — tonemapping UBO (from the per-frame scratch ring)
	vk::DescriptorSet perDrawSet = descriptorMgr->allocateFrameSet(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw);
	Assert(perDrawSet);
	writer.writeSet(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw, perDrawSet);

	// LDR path: passthrough (tonemapping already ran). Fallback path: live
	// parameters from the engine lighting profile.
	graphics::generic_data::tonemapping_data tmData;
	memset(&tmData, 0, sizeof(tmData));
	if (useLdr) {
		tmData.exposure = 1.0f;
		tmData.tonemapper = 0; // Linear passthrough
	} else {
		namespace ltp = lighting_profiles;
		auto ppc = ltp::current_piecewise_intermediates();
		tmData.exposure = ltp::current_exposure();
		tmData.tonemapper = static_cast<int>(ltp::current_tonemapper());
		tmData.x0 = ppc.x0;
		tmData.y0 = ppc.y0;
		tmData.x1 = ppc.x1;
		tmData.toe_B = ppc.toe_B;
		tmData.toe_lnA = ppc.toe_lnA;
		tmData.sh_B = ppc.sh_B;
		tmData.sh_lnA = ppc.sh_lnA;
		tmData.sh_offsetX = ppc.sh_offsetX;
		tmData.sh_offsetY = ppc.sh_offsetY;
	}
	{
		vk::DeviceSize slotOffset =
			m_ctx.scratchRing.alloc(descriptorMgr->getCurrentFrame(), &tmData, sizeof(tmData));
		writer.setBuffer(PerDrawBinding::GenericData,
			{m_ctx.scratchRing.buffer(), slotOffset, m_ctx.scratchRing.slotSize()});
	}
	writer.flush();
	stateTracker->bindDescriptorSet(DescriptorSetIndex::Material,
		materialSet,
		writer.dynamicOffsets(DescriptorSetIndex::Material));
	stateTracker->bindDescriptorSet(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw,
		perDrawSet,
		writer.dynamicOffsets(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw));

	// Draw fullscreen triangle (3 vertices from gl_VertexIndex, no vertex buffer)
	cmd.draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::encodeToSwapChainPass(vk::CommandBuffer cmd, vk::RenderPass renderPass,
	vk::Framebuffer framebuffer, vk::Extent2D extent, vk::ImageView sourceView, vk::Sampler sampler,
	int shaderType, unsigned int shaderFlags, const void* uboData, size_t uboSize)
{
	auto* pipelineMgr = getPipelineManager();
	auto* descriptorMgr = getDescriptorManager();
	if (!pipelineMgr || !descriptorMgr || !m_ctx.scratchRing.isValid()) {
		return;
	}

	GR_DEBUG_SCOPE("Draw scene texture");

	// The UBO comes from the shared per-frame scratch ring; its per-frame budget
	// covers every fullscreen pass of the frame including this final encode.
	PipelineConfig config;
	config.shaderType = static_cast<shader_type>(shaderType);
	config.shaderFlags = shaderFlags; // selects the SDR vs HDR10_OUTPUT gamma-correct variant
	config.vertexLayoutHash = 0;
	config.primitiveType = PRIM_TYPE_TRIS;
	config.depthMode = ZBUFFER_TYPE_NONE;
	config.blendMode = ALPHA_BLEND_NONE;
	config.cullEnabled = false;
	config.depthWriteEnabled = false;
	config.renderPass = renderPass;

	vertex_layout emptyLayout;
	vk::Pipeline pipeline = pipelineMgr->getPipeline(config, emptyLayout);
	if (!pipeline) {
		mprintf(("VulkanPostProcessor: Failed to get output-encode pipeline (shaderType=%d)!\n", shaderType));
		return;
	}
	vk::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout = pipelineMgr->getPipelineLayout();

	vk::RenderPassBeginInfo rpBegin;
	rpBegin.renderPass = renderPass;
	rpBegin.framebuffer = framebuffer;
	rpBegin.renderArea.offset = vk::Offset2D(0, 0);
	rpBegin.renderArea.extent = extent;

	cmd.beginRenderPass(rpBegin, vk::SubpassContents::eInline);
	cmd.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, pipeline);

	vk::Viewport viewport;
	viewport.x = 0.0f;
	viewport.y = 0.0f;
	viewport.width = static_cast<float>(extent.width);
	viewport.height = static_cast<float>(extent.height);
	viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
	viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
	cmd.setViewport(0, viewport);

	vk::Rect2D scissor;
	scissor.offset = vk::Offset2D(0, 0);
	scissor.extent = extent;
	cmd.setScissor(0, scissor);

	DescriptorWriter writer;
	writer.reset(m_ctx.device, descriptorMgr->getFallbacks());

	vk::DescriptorSet materialSet = descriptorMgr->allocateFrameSet(DescriptorSetIndex::Material);
	Assert(materialSet);
	writer.writeSet(DescriptorSetIndex::Material, materialSet);
	{
		std::array<vk::DescriptorImageInfo, VulkanDescriptorManager::MAX_TEXTURE_BINDINGS> texArrayInfos;
		texArrayInfos.fill(descriptorMgr->getFallbacks().texture2D);
		texArrayInfos[0].sampler = sampler;
		texArrayInfos[0].imageView = sourceView;
		writer.setImageArray(MaterialBinding::TextureArray, texArrayInfos);
	}

	vk::DescriptorSet perDrawSet = descriptorMgr->allocateFrameSet(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw);
	Assert(perDrawSet);
	writer.writeSet(DescriptorSetIndex::PerDraw, perDrawSet);
	{
		vk::DeviceSize slotOffset =
			m_ctx.scratchRing.alloc(descriptorMgr->getCurrentFrame(), uboData, uboSize);
		writer.setBuffer(PerDrawBinding::GenericData,
			{m_ctx.scratchRing.buffer(), slotOffset, m_ctx.scratchRing.slotSize()});
	}
	writer.flush();

	const vk::DescriptorSet sets[] = {materialSet, perDrawSet};
	writer.bindSets(cmd, pipelineLayout, DescriptorSetIndex::Material, sets);

	cmd.draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
	cmd.endRenderPass();
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::encodeOutput(vk::CommandBuffer cmd, vk::RenderPass renderPass,
	vk::Framebuffer framebuffer, vk::Extent2D extent, vk::ImageView sourceView, vk::Sampler sampler,
	float paperwhiteNits, float peakNits, float gamma)
{
	// HDR10/PQ/BT.2020 encode leg (plus the user gamma slider): the HDR10_OUTPUT
	// variant of the shared gamma-correct shader.
	graphics::generic_data::gamma_encode_data encodeData;
	memset(&encodeData, 0, sizeof(encodeData));
	encodeData.gamma = gamma;
	encodeData.hdr_paperwhite_nits = paperwhiteNits;
	encodeData.hdr_peak_nits = peakNits;
	encodeToSwapChainPass(cmd, renderPass, framebuffer, extent, sourceView, sampler,
		SDR_TYPE_GAMMA_BLIT, SDR_FLAG_GAMMA_HDR10, &encodeData, sizeof(encodeData));
}

void VulkanPostProcessor::encodeOutputSdr(vk::CommandBuffer cmd, vk::RenderPass renderPass,
	vk::Framebuffer framebuffer, vk::Extent2D extent, vk::ImageView sourceView, vk::Sampler sampler,
	float gamma)
{
	// SDR leg: the composition image already carries the final display-ready
	// sRGB-encoded frame (3D scene + menus/HUD alike); this just applies the user
	// gamma/brightness slider on the way into the swap chain image.
	graphics::generic_data::gamma_encode_data blitData;
	memset(&blitData, 0, sizeof(blitData));
	blitData.gamma = gamma;
	encodeToSwapChainPass(cmd, renderPass, framebuffer, extent, sourceView, sampler,
		SDR_TYPE_GAMMA_BLIT, 0, &blitData, sizeof(blitData));
}

// No-op: In OpenGL, begin/end push/pop an FBO and run the post-processing
// pipeline. In Vulkan, this is handled by vulkan_scene_texture_begin/end
// which manage the HDR render pass and post-processing passes. These
// functions are not actively called by the engine.
void vulkan_post_process_begin() {}
void vulkan_post_process_end() {}

// Isolate the cockpit's depth from the scene's, the way OpenGL does by swapping the
// depth attachment between Scene_depth_texture and Cockpit_depth_texture. A Vulkan
// framebuffer owns its attachments, so the scene depth is parked in a backup image and
// the live depth buffer is cleared for the cockpit; the restore puts the scene back.
//
// Both halves are needed. Without the clear the ship hull the scene already drew wins
// the depth test against the cockpit around the camera. Without the restore the
// post-processing passes that sample scene depth (lightshafts) see cockpit depth.
void vulkan_post_process_save_zbuffer()
{
	auto* renderer = getRendererInstance();
	if (renderer != nullptr) {
		renderer->saveSceneDepth();
	}

	// Unconditional, exactly as in OpenGL: when there is nothing to park (post-processing
	// off, or no scene render pass), clearing is still what gives the cockpit a depth
	// buffer of its own.
	gr_zbuffer_clear(TRUE);
}

void vulkan_post_process_restore_zbuffer()
{
	auto* renderer = getRendererInstance();
	if (renderer != nullptr) {
		renderer->restoreSceneDepth();
	}
}

void vulkan_post_process_set_effect(const char* name, int value, const vec3d* rgb)
{
	if (!Gr_post_processing_enabled || !graphics::Post_processing_manager) {
		return;
	}
	if (name == nullptr) {
		return;
	}

	auto& ls_params = graphics::Post_processing_manager->getLightshaftParams();
	if (!stricmp("lightshafts", name)) {
		ls_params.intensity = value / 100.0f;
		ls_params.on = !!value;
		return;
	}

	auto& postEffects = graphics::Post_processing_manager->getPostEffects();
	for (auto & postEffect : postEffects) {
		if (!stricmp(postEffect.name.c_str(), name)) {
			postEffect.intensity = (value / postEffect.div) + postEffect.add;
			if ((rgb != nullptr) && !(vmd_zero_vector == *rgb)) {
				postEffect.rgb = *rgb;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
}

void vulkan_post_process_set_defaults()
{
	if (!graphics::Post_processing_manager) {
		return;
	}

	auto& postEffects = graphics::Post_processing_manager->getPostEffects();
	for (auto& effect : postEffects) {
		effect.intensity = effect.default_intensity;
	}
}

} // namespace graphics::vulkan