fs2open.github.com/code/parse/parselo.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) Volition, Inc. 1999.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * All source code herein is the property of Volition, Inc. You may not sell
 * or otherwise commercially exploit the source or things you created based on the
 * source.
 *
*/

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <csetjmp>

#include <cctype>
#include "cmdline/cmdline.h"
#include "globalincs/version.h"
#include "localization/fhash.h"
#include "localization/localize.h"
#include "mission/missionparse.h"
#include "parse/encrypt.h"
#include "parse/md5_hash.h"
#include "parse/parselo.h"
#include "parse/sexp.h"
#include "ship/ship.h"
#include "weapon/weapon.h"
#include "mod_table/mod_table.h"

#include "utils/encoding.h"
#include "utils/unicode.h"
#include "utils/string_utils.h"

#include <utf8.h>

using namespace parse;


#define	ERROR_LENGTH	64
#define	RS_MAX_TRIES	5
#define SHARP_S			(char)-33

// to know that a modular table is currently being parsed
bool	Parsing_modular_table = false;

char		Current_filename[MAX_PATH_LEN];
char		Current_filename_sub[MAX_PATH_LEN];	//Last attempted file to load, don't know if ex or not.
char		Error_str[ERROR_LENGTH];
int		Warning_count, Error_count;
int		fred_parse_flag = 0;
int		Token_found_flag;

char 	*Parse_text = nullptr;
char	*Parse_text_raw = nullptr;
char	*Mp = NULL, *Mp_save = NULL;
const char	*token_found;

SCP_vector<Bookmark> Bookmarks;	// Stack of all our previously paused parsing

// text allocation stuff
void allocate_parse_text(size_t size);
static size_t Parse_text_size = 0;

static const SCP_unordered_map<SCP_string, SCP_string> retail_hashes = {
	{"strings.tbl", "84ab6e5392d7c54752a61161aac9f9fd"},
	{"weapons.tbl", "ca2c7f305b1f36988c2bb8c371ab2027"}
};


//	Return true if this character is white space, else false.
bool is_white_space(char ch)
{
	return ((ch == ' ') || (ch == '\t') || (ch == EOLN) || (ch == CARRIAGE_RETURN));
}

//	Return true if this character is white space, else false.
bool is_white_space(unicode::codepoint_t cp)
{
	return ((cp == UNICODE_CHAR(' ')) || (cp == UNICODE_CHAR('\t')) || (cp == (unicode::codepoint_t)EOLN) || (cp == (unicode::codepoint_t)CARRIAGE_RETURN));
}

//  Returns the length of the string up to but excluding any white space.  This could be the entire string if the string contains no white space.
//	Equivalently, returns the position of the first white space character, or the string length if no white space is found.
size_t find_white_space(const char *str)
{
	return strcspn(str, " \t\n\r");
}

// Returns true if this character is gray space, else false (gray space is white space except for EOLN).
bool is_gray_space(char ch)
{
	return ((ch == ' ') || (ch == '\t'));
}

// Returns true if this character is gray space, else false (gray space is white space except for EOLN).
bool is_gray_space(unicode::codepoint_t cp)
{
	return cp == UNICODE_CHAR(' ') || cp == UNICODE_CHAR('\t');
}

//  Returns the length of the string up to but excluding any white space.  This could be the entire string if the string contains no white space.
//	Equivalently, returns the position of the first white space character, or the string length if no white space is found.
size_t find_gray_space(const char *str)
{
	return strcspn(str, " \t");
}

bool is_parenthesis(char ch)
{
	return ((ch == '(') || (ch == ')'));
}

//	Advance global Mp (mission pointer) past all current white space.
//	Leaves Mp pointing at first non white space character.
void ignore_white_space(const char **pp)
{
	if (pp == nullptr)
		pp = const_cast<const char**>(&Mp);

	while ((**pp != '\0') && is_white_space(**pp))
		(*pp)++;
}

void ignore_gray_space(const char **pp)
{
	if (pp == nullptr)
		pp = const_cast<const char**>(&Mp);

	while ((**pp != '\0') && is_gray_space(**pp))
		(*pp)++;
}

//	Truncate *str, eliminating all trailing white space.
//	Eg: "abc   "   becomes "abc"
//		 "abc abc " becomes "abc abc"
//		 "abc \t"   becomes "abc"
void drop_trailing_white_space(char *str)
{
	auto len = strlen(str);
	if (len == 0)
	{
		// Nothing to do here
		return;
	}
	auto i = len - 1;
	while (i != INVALID_SIZE && is_white_space(str[i]))
	{
		--i;
	}
	str[i + 1] = '\0';
}

//	Ditto for SCP_string
void drop_trailing_white_space(SCP_string &str)
{
	if (str.empty())
	{
		// Nothing to do here
		return;
	}
	auto i = str.size() - 1;
	while (i != INVALID_SIZE && is_white_space(str[i]))
	{
		--i;
	}
	str.resize(i + 1);
}

//	Eliminate any leading whitespace in str
void drop_leading_white_space(char *str)
{
	auto len = strlen(str);
	size_t first = 0;

	// find first non-whitespace
	while ((first < len) && is_white_space(str[first]))
		first++;

	// quick out
	if (first == 0)
		return;

	memmove(str, str+first, len-first);
	str[len-first] = 0;
}

//	Ditto for SCP_string
void drop_leading_white_space(SCP_string &str)
{
	auto len = str.length();
	size_t first = 0;

	// find first non-whitespace
	while ((first < len) && is_white_space(str[first]))
		first++;

	// quick out
	if (first == 0)
		return;

	// Assign the found substring to the string
	str = str.substr(first, len - first);
}

// eliminates all leading and trailing white space from a string.  Returns pointer passed in.
char *drop_white_space(char *str)
{
	drop_trailing_white_space(str);
	drop_leading_white_space(str);

	return str;
}

// ditto for SCP_string
void drop_white_space(SCP_string &str)
{
	drop_trailing_white_space(str);
	drop_leading_white_space(str);
}

//	Advances Mp past current token.
void skip_token()
{
	ignore_white_space();

	while ((*Mp != '\0') && !is_white_space(*Mp))
		Mp++;
}

//	Display a diagnostic message if Verbose is set.
//	(Verbose is set if -v command line switch is present.)
void diag_printf(const char *format, ...)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
	SCP_string buffer;
	va_list args;

	va_start(args, format);
	vsprintf(buffer, format, args);
	va_end(args);

	nprintf(("Parse", "%s", buffer.c_str()));
#endif
}

//	Grab and return (a pointer to) a bunch of tokens, terminating at
// ERROR_LENGTH chars, or end of line.
char *next_tokens(bool terminate_before_parenthesis_or_comma)
{
	int	count = 0;
	char	*pstr = Mp;
	char	ch;

	while (((ch = *pstr++) != EOLN) && (ch != '\0') && (count < ERROR_LENGTH-1))
		Error_str[count++] = ch;

	if (terminate_before_parenthesis_or_comma && (Error_str[count-1] == ',' || Error_str[count - 1] == ')'))
		--count;

	Error_str[count] = 0;
	return Error_str;
}

//	Return the line number given by the current mission pointer, ie Mp.
//	A very slow function (scans all processed text), but who cares how long
//	an error reporting function takes?
int get_line_num()
{
	int		count = 1;
	bool	inquote = false;
	int		incomment = false;
	int		multiline = false;
	char	*p = Parse_text;
	char	*stoploc = Mp;

	// if there is no parse text, then we have some ad-hoc text such as provided in an evaluateSEXP call or in the debug console
	if (Parse_text == nullptr)
		return count;

	while (p < stoploc)
	{
		if (*p == '\0') {
			Warning(LOCATION, "Unexpected end-of-file while looking for line number!");
			break;
		}

		if ( !incomment && (*p == '\"') )
			inquote = !inquote;

		if ( !incomment && !inquote && (*p == COMMENT_CHAR) )
			incomment = true;

		if ( !incomment && (*p == '/') && (*(p+1) == '*') ) {
			multiline = true;
			incomment = true;
		}

		if ( incomment )
			stoploc++;

		if ( multiline && (*(p-1) == '*') && (*p == '/') ) {
			multiline = false;
			incomment = false;
		}

		if (*p++ == EOLN) {	// in the process of parsing, all line endings are normalized to single-character EOLN
			if ( !multiline && incomment )
				incomment = false;
			count++;
		}
	}

	return count;
}

//	Call this function to display an error message.
//	error_level == 0 means this is just a warning.
//	            == 1 means this is an error message.
//	            == 2 means this is a release warning.
//	Prints line number and other useful information.
void error_display(int error_level, const char *format, ...)
{
	char type[8];
	SCP_string error_text;
	va_list args;

	if (error_level == 0 || error_level == 2) {
		strcpy_s(type, "Warning");
		Warning_count++;
	} else if (error_level == 1) {
		strcpy_s(type, "Error");
		Error_count++;
	} else {
		Warning(LOCATION, "Invalid error level %d passed to error_display!", error_level);
		error_level = 1;
	}

	va_start(args, format);
	vsprintf(error_text, format, args);
	va_end(args);

	nprintf((type, "%s(line %i): %s: %s\n", Current_filename, get_line_num(), type, error_text.c_str()));

	if (error_level == 0 || Cmdline_noparseerrors)
		Warning(LOCATION, "%s(line %i):\n%s: %s", Current_filename, get_line_num(), type, error_text.c_str());
	else if (error_level == 2)
		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "%s(line %i):\n%s: %s", Current_filename, get_line_num(), type, error_text.c_str());
	else
		Error(LOCATION, "%s(line %i):\n%s: %s", Current_filename, get_line_num(), type, error_text.c_str());
}

//	Advance Mp to the next eoln character.
void advance_to_eoln(const char *more_terminators)
{
	char	terminators[128];

	Assert((more_terminators == NULL) || (strlen(more_terminators) < 125));

	terminators[0] = EOLN;
	terminators[1] = 0;
	if (more_terminators != NULL)
		strcat_s(terminators, more_terminators);

	while (strchr(terminators, *Mp) == NULL)
		Mp++;
}

// Advance Mp to the next white space (ignoring white space inside of " marks)
void advance_to_next_white()
{
	bool	in_quotes = false;

	while ((*Mp != EOLN) && (*Mp != '\0')) {
		if (*Mp == '\"')
			in_quotes = !in_quotes;

		if (!in_quotes && is_white_space(*Mp))
			break;

		if (!in_quotes && is_parenthesis(*Mp))
			break;

		Mp++;
	}
}

// If the parser is at an eoln, move past it
bool skip_eoln()
{
	auto old_Mp = Mp;

	if (*Mp == '\r')
		Mp++;
	if (*Mp == '\n')
		Mp++;

	return old_Mp != Mp;
}

// Search for specified string, skipping everything up to that point.  Returns 1 if found,
// 0 if string wasn't found (and hit end of file), or -1 if not found, but end of checking
// block was reached.
int skip_to_string(const char *pstr, const char *end)
{
	ignore_white_space();
	auto len = strlen(pstr);
	size_t len2 = 0;

	if (end)
		len2 = strlen(end);

	while ((*Mp != '\0') && strnicmp(pstr, Mp, len) != 0) {
		if (end && *Mp == '#')
			return 0;

		if (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, len2))
			return -1;

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0')
		return 0;

	Mp += strlen(pstr);
	return 1;
}

// Goober5000
// Advance to start of pstr.  Return 0 is successful, otherwise return !0
int skip_to_start_of_string(const char *pstr, const char *end)
{
	ignore_white_space();
	auto len = strlen(pstr);
	size_t endlen;
	if(end)
		endlen = strlen(end);
	else
		endlen = 0;

	while ( (*Mp != '\0') && strnicmp(pstr, Mp, len) != 0 ) {
		if (end && *Mp == '#')
			return 0;

		if (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, endlen))
			return 0;

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0')
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

// Advance to start of either pstr1 or pstr2.  Return 0 is successful, otherwise return !0
int skip_to_start_of_string_either(const char *pstr1, const char *pstr2, const char *end)
{
	size_t len1, len2, endlen;

	ignore_white_space();
	len1 = strlen(pstr1);
	len2 = strlen(pstr2);
	if(end)
		endlen = strlen(end);
	else
		endlen = 0;

	while ( (*Mp != '\0') && strnicmp(pstr1, Mp, len1) != 0 && strnicmp(pstr2, Mp, len2) != 0 ) {
		if (end && *Mp == '#')
			return 0;

		if (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, endlen))
			return 0;

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0')
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

int skip_to_start_of_string_one_of(const SCP_vector<SCP_string>& pstr, const char* end) {
	size_t endlen;

	ignore_white_space();
	if (end)
		endlen = strlen(end);
	else
		endlen = 0;

	while (*Mp != '\0') {
		bool foundStart = false;
		for (const SCP_string& pstr_i : pstr) {
			if (strnicmp(pstr_i.c_str(), Mp, pstr_i.size()) == 0) {
				foundStart = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (foundStart)
			break;

		if (end && *Mp == '#')
			return 0;

		if (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, endlen))
			return 0;

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0')
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

// Find a required string.
// If not found, display an error message, but try up to RS_MAX_TRIES times
// to find the string.  (This is the groundwork for ignoring non-understood
// lines.
//	If unable to find the required string after RS_MAX_TRIES tries, then
//	abort using longjmp to parse_abort.
int required_string(const char *pstr)
{
	int	count = 0;

	ignore_white_space();

	while (strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr)) != 0 && (count < RS_MAX_TRIES)) {
		error_display(1, "Missing required token: [%s]. Found [%.32s] instead.\n", pstr, next_tokens());
		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
		count++;
	}

	if (count == RS_MAX_TRIES) {
		throw parse::ParseException("Required string not found");
	}

	Mp += strlen(pstr);
	diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = pstr);
	return 1;
}

bool check_for_eof_raw()
{
	return (*Mp == '\0');
}

bool check_for_eof()
{
	ignore_white_space();

	return check_for_eof_raw();
}

/**
Returns true if it finds a newline character precded by any amount of grayspace.
*/
bool check_for_eoln()
{
	ignore_gray_space();

	return (*Mp == EOLN);
}

// similar to optional_string, but just checks if next token is a match.
// It doesn't advance Mp except to skip past white space.
bool check_for_string(const char *pstr)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	return check_for_string_raw(pstr);
}

// like check for string, but doesn't skip past any whitespace
bool check_for_string_raw(const char *pstr)
{
	return (strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr)) == 0);
}

int string_lookup(const char* str1, const SCP_vector<SCP_string>& strlist, const char* description, bool say_errors, bool print_list)
{
	return string_lookup(SCP_string(str1), strlist, description, say_errors, print_list);
}

int string_lookup(const SCP_string& str1, const SCP_vector<SCP_string>& strlist, const char* description, bool say_errors, bool print_list)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < strlist.size(); i++)
		if (lcase_equal(str1, strlist[i]))
			return static_cast<int>(i);

	if (say_errors)
	{
		const char* suffix;
		SCP_string list;

		if (print_list)
		{
			list = ":\n";
			for (const auto &item: list)
			{
				list += "    ";
				list += item;
				list += "\n";
			}
			suffix = list.c_str();
		}
		else
			suffix = ".\n";

		error_display(0, "Unable to find \"%s\" in %s list%s", str1.c_str(), description ? description : "unnamed", suffix);
	}

	return -1;
}

// Find an optional string.
//	If found, return 1, else return 0.
//	If found, point past string, else don't update pointer.
int optional_string(const char *pstr)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	if (!strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr))) {
		Mp += strlen(pstr);
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int optional_string_either(const char *str1, const char *str2, bool advance)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	if ( !strnicmp(str1, Mp, strlen(str1)) ) {
		if(advance)
			Mp += strlen(str1);
		return 0;
	} else if ( !strnicmp(str2, Mp, strlen(str2)) ) {
		if (advance)
			Mp += strlen(str2);
		return 1;
	}

	return -1;
}

// generic parallel to required_string_one_of
int optional_string_one_of(int arg_count, ...)
{
	Assertion(arg_count > 0, "optional_string_one_of() called with arg_count of %d; get a coder!\n", arg_count);
	int idx, found = -1;
	char *pstr;
	va_list vl;

	ignore_white_space();

	va_start(vl, arg_count);
	for (idx = 0; idx < arg_count; idx++)
	{
		pstr = va_arg(vl, char*);

		if ( !strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr)) )
		{
			Mp += strlen(pstr);
			found = idx;
			break;
		}
	}
	va_end(vl);

	return found;
}

int required_string_fred(const char *pstr, const char *end)
{
	char *backup = Mp;

	token_found = pstr;
	if (fred_parse_flag)
		return 0;

	ignore_white_space();
	while (*Mp != '\0' && strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr)) != 0) {
		if ((*Mp == '#') || (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, strlen(end)))) {
			Mp = NULL;
			break;
		}

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0') {
		diag_printf("Required string [%s] not found\n", pstr);
		Mp = backup;
		Token_found_flag = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	Mp += strlen(pstr);
	diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", pstr);
	Token_found_flag = 1;
	return 1;
}

// attempt to find token in buffer.  It might not exist, however, in which case we don't need
// to do anything.  If it is found, then we advance the pointer to just after the token.  To
// further complicate things, we should only search to a certain point, since we don't want
// a token that belongs to another section which might match the token we want.  Thus, we
// also pass in an ending token, which marks the point we should stop looking at.
int optional_string_fred(const char *pstr, const char *end, const char *end2)
{
	char *mp_save = Mp;

	token_found = pstr;
	if (fred_parse_flag)
		return 0;

	ignore_white_space();
	while ((*Mp != '\0') && strnicmp(pstr, Mp, strlen(pstr)) != 0) {
		if ((*Mp == '#') || (end && !strnicmp(end, Mp, strlen(end))) ||
			(end2 && !strnicmp(end2, Mp, strlen(end2)))) {
			Mp = NULL;
			break;
		}

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (!Mp || *Mp == '\0') {
		diag_printf("Optional string [%s] not found\n", pstr);
		Mp = mp_save;
		Token_found_flag = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	Mp += strlen(pstr);
	diag_printf("Found optional string [%s]\n", pstr);
	Token_found_flag = 1;
	return 1;
}

/**
 * @brief Checks for one of two required strings
 *
 * @retval 0 for str1 match
 * @retval 1 for str2 match
 * @throws parse::ParseException If neither strings were found
 *
 * @details Advances the Mp until a string is found or exceeds RS_MAX_TRIES. Once a string is found, Mp is located at
 * the start of the found string.
 */
int required_string_either(const char *str1, const char *str2, bool advance)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	for (int count = 0; count < RS_MAX_TRIES; ++count) {
		if (strnicmp(str1, Mp, strlen(str1)) == 0) {
			if (advance)
				Mp += strlen(str1);
			diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = str1);
			return 0;
		} else if (strnicmp(str2, Mp, strlen(str2)) == 0) {
			if (advance)
				Mp += strlen(str2);
			diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = str2);
			return 1;
		}

		error_display(1, "Required token = [%s] or [%s], found [%.32s].\n", str1, str2, next_tokens());

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	throw parse::ParseException("Required string not found");
}

/**
 * @brief Checks for one of any of the given required strings.
 *
 * @returns The index number of the found string, if it was found
 * @returns -1 if a string was not found
 *
 * @details By ngld, with some tweaks by MageKing17.
 */
int required_string_one_of(int arg_count, ...)
{
	Assertion(arg_count > 0, "required_string_one_of() called with arg_count of %d; get a coder!\n", arg_count);
	int count = 0;
	int idx;
	char *expected;
	SCP_string message = "";
	va_list vl;

	ignore_white_space();

	while (count < RS_MAX_TRIES) {
		va_start(vl, arg_count);
		for (idx = 0; idx < arg_count; idx++) {
			expected = va_arg(vl, char*);
			if (strnicmp(expected, Mp, strlen(expected)) == 0) {
				diag_printf("Found required string [%s]", token_found = expected);
				va_end(vl);
				return idx;
			}
		}
		va_end(vl);

		if (message.empty()) {
			va_start(vl, arg_count);
			message = "Required token = ";
			for (idx = 0; idx < arg_count; idx++) {
				message += "[";
				message += va_arg(vl, char*);
				message += "]";
				if (arg_count == 2 && idx == 0) {
					message += " or ";
				} else if (idx == arg_count - 2) {
					message += ", or ";
				} else if (idx < arg_count - 2) {
					message += ", ";
				}
			}
			va_end(vl);
		}

		error_display(1, "%s, found [%.32s]\n", message.c_str(), next_tokens());
		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
		count++;
	}

	return -1;
}

int required_string_one_of_fred(int arg_count, ...)
{
	Assertion(arg_count > 0, "required_string_one_of_fred() called with arg_count of %d; get a coder!\n", arg_count);

	va_list vl;
	int idx;
	char* expected;

	ignore_white_space();

	while (*Mp != '\0') {
		va_start(vl, arg_count);
		for (idx = 0; idx < arg_count; idx++) {
			expected = va_arg(vl, char*);
			if (strnicmp(expected, Mp, strlen(expected)) == 0) {
				diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = expected);
				va_end(vl);
				return idx;
			}
		}
		va_end(vl);

		advance_to_eoln(nullptr);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	// EOF reached without finding any token
	if (*Mp == '\0') {
		SCP_string message = "Unable to find any required token: ";

		va_start(vl, arg_count);
		for (idx = 0; idx < arg_count; idx++) {
			expected = va_arg(vl, char*);
			message += "[";
			message += expected;
			message += "]";
			if (arg_count == 2 && idx == 0) {
				message += " or ";
			} else if (idx == arg_count - 2) {
				message += ", or ";
			} else if (idx < arg_count - 2) {
				message += ", ";
			}
		}
		va_end(vl);

		diag_printf("%s\n", message.c_str());
	}

	return -1;
}

int required_string_either_fred(const char *str1, const char *str2)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	while (*Mp != '\0') {
		if (!strnicmp(str1, Mp, strlen(str1))) {
			// Mp += strlen(str1);
			diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = str1);
			return fred_parse_flag = 0;

		} else if (!strnicmp(str2, Mp, strlen(str2))) {
			// Mp += strlen(str2);
			diag_printf("Found required string [%s]\n", token_found = str2);
			return fred_parse_flag = 1;
		}

		advance_to_eoln(NULL);
		ignore_white_space();
	}

	if (*Mp == '\0')
		diag_printf("Unable to find either required token [%s] or [%s]\n", str1, str2);

	return -1;
}

//	Copy characters from instr to outstr until eoln is found, or until max
//	characters have been copied (including terminator).
void copy_to_eoln(char *outstr, const char *more_terminators, const char *instr, int max)
{
	int	count = 0;
	char	ch;
	char	terminators[128];

	Assert((more_terminators == NULL) || (strlen(more_terminators) < 125));

	terminators[0] = EOLN;
	terminators[1] = 0;
	if (more_terminators != NULL)
		strcat_s(terminators, more_terminators);

	while (((ch = *instr++) != 0) && (strchr(terminators, ch) == NULL)  && (count < max)) {
		*outstr++ = ch;
		count++;
	}

	if (count >= max)
		error_display(0, "Token too long: [%s].  Length = " SIZE_T_ARG ".  Max is %i.\n", next_tokens(), strlen(next_tokens()), max);

	*outstr = 0;
}

//	Ditto for SCP_string.
void copy_to_eoln(SCP_string &outstr, const char *more_terminators, const char *instr)
{
	char	ch;
	char	terminators[128];

	Assert((more_terminators == NULL) || (strlen(more_terminators) < 125));

	terminators[0] = EOLN;
	terminators[1] = 0;
	if (more_terminators != NULL)
		strcat_s(terminators, more_terminators);

	outstr = "";
	while (((ch = *instr++) != 0) && (strchr(terminators, ch) == NULL)) {
		outstr.append(1, ch);
	}
}

//	Copy characters from instr to outstr until next white space is found, or until max
//	characters have been copied (including terminator).
void copy_to_next_white(char *outstr, const char *instr, int max)
{
	int	count = 0;
	bool	in_quotes = false;
	char	ch;

	while (((ch = *instr++)>0) && (ch != EOLN) && (ch != '\0') && (count < max)) {
		if ( ch == '\"' ) {
			in_quotes = !in_quotes;
			continue;
		}

		if ( !in_quotes && is_white_space(ch) )	// not in quotes, white space terminates string
			break;

		if ( !in_quotes && is_parenthesis(ch) ) // not in quotes, parentheses are important for parsing so we don't want to copy them
			break;

		*outstr++ = ch;
		count++;
	}

	if (count >= max)
		error_display(0, "Token too long: [%s].  Length = " SIZE_T_ARG ".  Max is %i.\n", next_tokens(), strlen(next_tokens()), max);

	*outstr = 0;
}

//	Ditto for SCP_string.
void copy_to_next_white(SCP_string &outstr, const char *instr)
{
	bool	in_quotes = false;
	char	ch;

	outstr = "";
	while (((ch = *instr++)>0) && (ch != EOLN) && (ch != '\0')) {
		if ( ch == '\"' ) {
			in_quotes = !in_quotes;
			continue;
		}

		if ( !in_quotes && is_white_space(ch) )	// not in quotes, white space terminates string
			break;

		if ( !in_quotes && is_parenthesis(ch) ) // not in quotes, parentheses are important for parsing so we don't want to copy them
			break;

		outstr.append(1, ch);
	}
}

//Returns a null-terminated character string allocated with vm_malloc() with the data
char* alloc_text_until(const char* instr, const char* endstr)
{
	Assert(instr && endstr);
	auto foundstr = stristr(instr, endstr);

	if(foundstr == NULL)
	{
        error_display(1, "Looking for [%s], but never found it.\n", endstr);
        throw parse::ParseException("End string not found");
	}
	else
	{
		if ( (foundstr - instr) <= 0 ) {
			Int3();  // since this really shouldn't ever happen
			return NULL;
		}

		char* rstr = NULL;
		rstr = (char*) vm_malloc((foundstr - instr + 1)*sizeof(char));

		if(rstr != NULL) {
			strncpy(rstr, instr, foundstr-instr);
			rstr[foundstr-instr] = '\0';
		} else {
			Error(LOCATION, "Could not allocate enough memory in alloc_text_until");
		}

		return rstr;
	}
}

//	Copy text until a certain string is matched.
//	For example, this is used to copy mission notes, scanning until $END NOTES:
// is found.
void copy_text_until(char *outstr, const char *instr, const char *endstr, int max_chars)
{
	Assert(outstr && instr && endstr);

	auto foundstr = stristr(instr, endstr);

	if (foundstr == NULL) {
        error_display(1, "Looking for [%s], but never found it.\n", endstr);
        throw parse::ParseException("End string not found");
	}

	if (foundstr - instr + strlen(endstr) < (uint) max_chars) {
		strncpy(outstr, instr, foundstr - instr);
		outstr[foundstr - instr] = 0;

	} else {
		error_display(1, "Too much text (" SIZE_T_ARG " chars, %i allowed) before %s\n",
			foundstr - instr + strlen(endstr), max_chars, endstr);
        throw parse::ParseException("Too much text found");
	}

	diag_printf("Here's the partial wad of text:\n%.30s\n", outstr);
}

//	Ditto for SCP_string.
void copy_text_until(SCP_string &outstr, const char *instr, const char *endstr)
{
	Assert(instr && endstr);

	auto foundstr = stristr(instr, endstr);

	if (foundstr == NULL) {
        error_display(1, "Looking for [%s], but never found it.\n", endstr);
        throw parse::ParseException("End string not found");
	}

	outstr.assign(instr, foundstr - instr);

	diag_printf("Here's the partial wad of text:\n%.30s\n", outstr.c_str());
}

// stuffs a string into a buffer.  Can get a string between " marks and stops
// when whitespace is encounted -- not to end of line
void stuff_string_white(char *outstr, int len)
{
	if(!len)
		len = NAME_LENGTH-1;

	ignore_white_space();
	copy_to_next_white(outstr, Mp, len);
	advance_to_next_white();
}

// ditto for SCP_string
void stuff_string_white(SCP_string &outstr)
{
	ignore_white_space();
	copy_to_next_white(outstr, Mp);
	advance_to_next_white();
}

// Goober5000
void stuff_string_until(char *outstr, const char *endstr, int len)
{
	if(!len)
		len = NAME_LENGTH-1;

	ignore_gray_space();
	copy_text_until(outstr, Mp, endstr, len);
	Mp += strlen(outstr);
	drop_trailing_white_space(outstr);
}

// Goober5000
void stuff_string_until(SCP_string &outstr, const char *endstr)
{
	ignore_gray_space();
	copy_text_until(outstr, Mp, endstr);
	Mp += outstr.length();
	drop_trailing_white_space(outstr);
}

//WMC
//Used for allocating large blocks, eg of Python code
//Returns a null-terminated string allocated with vm_malloc(),
//or NULL on failure
//Does depth checks for the start and end strings
//extra_chars indicates extra malloc space that should be allocated.
char* alloc_block(const char* startstr, const char* endstr, int extra_chars)
{
	Assert(startstr != NULL && endstr != NULL);
	Assert(stricmp(startstr, endstr));

	char* rval = NULL;
	auto elen = strlen(endstr);
	auto slen = strlen(startstr);
	size_t flen = 0;

	//Skip the opening thing and any extra stuff
	required_string(startstr);
	ignore_white_space();

	//Allocate it
	char* pos = Mp;

	//Depth checking
	int level = 1;
	while(*pos != '\0')
	{
		if(!strnicmp(pos, startstr, slen))
		{
			level++;
		}
		else if(!strnicmp(pos, endstr, elen))
		{
			level--;
		}

		if(level<=0)
		{
			break;
		}

		pos++;
	}

	//Check that we left the file
	if(level > 0)
	{
        error_display(1, "Unclosed pair of \"%s\" and \"%s\"", startstr, endstr);
        throw parse::ParseException("End string not found");
	}
	else
	{
		//Set final length for faster calcs
		flen = pos-Mp;

		//Allocate the memory
		//WMC - Don't forget the null character that's added later on.
		rval = (char*) vm_malloc((flen + extra_chars + 1)*sizeof(char));

		//Copy the text (if memory was allocated)
		if(rval != NULL) {
			strncpy(rval, Mp, flen);
			rval[flen] = '\0';
		} else {
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	//Skip the copied stuff
	Mp += flen;
	required_string(endstr);
	return rval;
}

// Karajorma - Stuffs the provided char array with either the contents of a quoted string or the name of a string
// variable. Returns PARSING_FOUND_STRING if a string was found or PARSING_FOUND_VARIABLE if a variable was present.
int get_string_or_variable (char *str)
{
	int result = -1;

	ignore_white_space();

	// Variable
	if (*Mp == SEXP_VARIABLE_CHAR)
	{
		auto saved_Mp = Mp;
		Mp++;
		stuff_string_white(str);
		int sexp_variable_index = get_index_sexp_variable_name(str);

		// We only want String variables
		if (sexp_variable_index >= 0)
			result = PARSING_FOUND_VARIABLE;
		else
		{
			Mp = saved_Mp;
			stuff_string_white(str);
			error_display(1, "Expected \"%s\" to be a variable", str);
		}
	}
	// Quoted string
	else if (*Mp == '"')
	{
		get_string(str);
		result =  PARSING_FOUND_STRING;
	}
	else
	{
		get_string(str);
		error_display(1, "Invalid entry \"%s\" found in get_string_or_variable. Must be a quoted string or a string variable name.", str);
	}

	return result;
}

// ditto for SCP_string
int get_string_or_variable (SCP_string &str)
{
	int result = -1;

	ignore_white_space();

	// Variable
	if (*Mp == SEXP_VARIABLE_CHAR)
	{
		auto saved_Mp = Mp;
		Mp++;
		stuff_string_white(str);
		int sexp_variable_index = get_index_sexp_variable_name(str);

		// We only want String variables
		if (sexp_variable_index >= 0)
			result = PARSING_FOUND_VARIABLE;
		else
		{
			Mp = saved_Mp;
			stuff_string_white(str);
			error_display(1, "Expected \"%s\" to be a variable", str.c_str());
		}
	}
	// Quoted string
	else if (*Mp == '"')
	{
		get_string(str);
		result =  PARSING_FOUND_STRING;
	}
	else
	{
		get_string(str);
		error_display(1, "Invalid entry \"%s\" found in get_string_or_variable. Must be a quoted string or a string variable name.", str.c_str());
	}

	return result;
}

/**
 * Stuff a string (" chars ") into *str, return length.
 * Accepts an optional max length parameter. If it is omitted or negative, then no max length is enforced.
 */
int get_string(char *str, int max)
{
	auto len = strcspn(Mp + 1, "\"");

	if (max >= 0 && len >= (size_t)max)
		error_display(0, "String too long.  Length = " SIZE_T_ARG ".  Max is %i.\n", len, max);

	strncpy(str, Mp + 1, len);
	str[len] = 0;

	Mp += len + 2;
	return (int)len;
}

/**
 * Stuff a string (" chars ") into str.
 */
void get_string(SCP_string &str)
{
	auto len = strcspn(Mp + 1, "\"");
	str.assign(Mp + 1, len);

	Mp += len + 2;
}

//	Stuff a string into a string buffer.
//	Supports various FreeSpace primitive types.  If 'len' is supplied, it will override
// the default string length if using the F_NAME case.
void stuff_string(char *outstr, int type, int len, const char *terminators)
{
	char read_str[PARSE_BUF_SIZE] = "";
	int read_len = PARSE_BUF_SIZE;
	int final_len = len - 1;
	int tag_id;

	// make sure we have enough room
	Assert( final_len > 0 );

	// make sure it's zero'd out
	memset( outstr, 0, len );

	switch (type) {
		case F_RAW:
		case F_LNAME:
		case F_NAME:
		case F_DATE:
		case F_FILESPEC:
		case F_PATHNAME:
		case F_MESSAGE:
			ignore_gray_space();
			copy_to_eoln(read_str, terminators, Mp, read_len);
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			advance_to_eoln(terminators);
			break;

		case F_TRIMMED:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_to_eoln(read_str, terminators, Mp, read_len);
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			advance_to_eoln(terminators);
			break;

		case F_NOTES:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$End Notes:", read_len);
			Mp += strlen(read_str);
			required_string("$End Notes:");
			break;

		// F_MULTITEXTOLD keeping for backwards compatability with old missions
		// can be deleted once all missions are using new briefing format

		case F_MULTITEXTOLD:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$End Briefing Text:", read_len);
			Mp += strlen(read_str);
			required_string("$End Briefing Text:");
			break;

		case F_MULTITEXT:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$end_multi_text", read_len);
			Mp += strlen(read_str);
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			required_string("$end_multi_text");
			break;

		default:
			Error(LOCATION, "Unhandled string type %d in stuff_string!", type);
	}

	if (type == F_FILESPEC) {
		// Make sure that the passed string looks like a good filename
		if (strlen(read_str) == 0) {
			// Empty file name is probably not valid!
			error_display(0, "A file name was expected but no name was supplied! This is probably a mistake.");
		}
	}

	// now we want to do any final localization
	if(type != F_RAW && type != F_LNAME)
	{
		lcl_ext_localize(read_str, outstr, final_len, &tag_id);

		// if the hash localized text hash table is active and we have a valid external string - hash it
		if(fhash_active() && (tag_id > -2)){
			fhash_add_str(outstr, tag_id);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		if ( strlen(read_str) > (uint)final_len )
			error_display(0, "Token too long: [%s].  Length = " SIZE_T_ARG ".  Max is %i.\n", read_str, strlen(read_str), final_len);

		strncpy(outstr, read_str, final_len);
	}

	diag_printf("Stuffed string = [%.30s]\n", outstr);
}

//	Stuff a string into a string buffer.
//	Supports various FreeSpace primitive types.
void stuff_string(SCP_string &outstr, int type, const char *terminators)
{
	SCP_string read_str;
	int tag_id;

	// make sure it's zero'd out
	outstr = "";

	switch (type) {
		case F_RAW:
		case F_LNAME:
		case F_NAME:
		case F_DATE:
		case F_FILESPEC:
		case F_PATHNAME:
		case F_MESSAGE:
			ignore_gray_space();
			copy_to_eoln(read_str, terminators, Mp);
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			advance_to_eoln(terminators);
			break;

		case F_TRIMMED:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_to_eoln(read_str, terminators, Mp);
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			advance_to_eoln(terminators);
			break;

		case F_NOTES:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$End Notes:");
			Mp += read_str.length();
			required_string("$End Notes:");
			break;

		// F_MULTITEXTOLD keeping for backwards compatability with old missions
		// can be deleted once all missions are using new briefing format

		case F_MULTITEXTOLD:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$End Briefing Text:");
			Mp += read_str.length();
			required_string("$End Briefing Text:");
			break;

		case F_MULTITEXT:
			ignore_white_space();
			copy_text_until(read_str, Mp, "$end_multi_text");
			Mp += read_str.length();
			drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
			required_string("$end_multi_text");
			break;

		default:
			Error(LOCATION, "Unhandled string type %d in stuff_string!", type);
	}

	if (type == F_FILESPEC) {
		// Make sure that the passed string looks like a good filename
		if (read_str.empty()) {
			// Empty file name is not valid!
			error_display(1, "A file name was expected but no name was supplied!\n");
		}
	}

	// now we want to do any final localization
	if(type != F_RAW && type != F_LNAME)
	{
		lcl_ext_localize(read_str, outstr, &tag_id);

		// if the hash localized text hash table is active and we have a valid external string - hash it
		if(fhash_active() && (tag_id > -2)){
			fhash_add_str(outstr.c_str(), tag_id);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		outstr = std::move(read_str);
	}

	diag_printf("Stuffed string = [%.30s]\n", outstr.c_str());
}

// stuff a string, but only until the end of a line. don't ignore leading whitespace. close analog of fgets()/cfgets()
void stuff_string_line(char *outstr, int len)
{
	char read_str[PARSE_BUF_SIZE] = "";
	int read_len = PARSE_BUF_SIZE;
	int final_len = len - 1;
	int tag_id;

	Assert( final_len > 0 );

	// read in a line
	copy_to_eoln(read_str, "\n", Mp, read_len);
	drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
	advance_to_eoln("");
	Mp++;

	// now we want to do any final localization
	lcl_ext_localize(read_str, outstr, final_len, &tag_id);

	// if the hash localized text hash table is active and we have a valid external string - hash it
	if(fhash_active() && (tag_id > -2)){
		fhash_add_str(outstr, tag_id);
	}

	diag_printf("Stuffed string = [%.30s]\n", outstr);
}

// ditto for SCP_string
void stuff_string_line(SCP_string &outstr)
{
	SCP_string read_str;
	int tag_id;

	// read in a line
	copy_to_eoln(read_str, "\n", Mp);
	drop_trailing_white_space(read_str);
	advance_to_eoln("");
	Mp++;

	// now we want to do any final localization
	lcl_ext_localize(read_str, outstr, &tag_id);

	// if the hash localized text hash table is active and we have a valid external string - hash it
	if(fhash_active() && (tag_id > -2)){
		fhash_add_str(outstr.c_str(), tag_id);
	}

	diag_printf("Stuffed string = [%.30s]\n", outstr.c_str());
}

// Exactly the same as stuff string only Malloc's the buffer.
//	Supports various FreeSpace primitive types.  If 'len' is supplied, it will override
// the default string length if using the F_NAME case.
char *stuff_and_malloc_string(int type, const char *terminators)
{
	SCP_string tmp_result;

	stuff_string(tmp_result, type, terminators);
	drop_white_space(tmp_result);

	if (tmp_result.empty())
		return NULL;

	return vm_strdup(tmp_result.c_str());
}

void stuff_malloc_string(char **dest, int type, const char *terminators)
{
	Assert(dest != NULL); //wtf?

	char *new_val = stuff_and_malloc_string(type, terminators);

	if(new_val != NULL)
	{
		if((*dest) != NULL) {
			vm_free(*dest);
		}

		(*dest) = new_val;
	}
}

// Like stuff_and_malloc_string but for std::unique_ptr<char[]>
void stuff_string(std::unique_ptr<char[]> &outstr, int type, bool null_if_empty, const char *terminators)
{
	SCP_string tmp_result;
	stuff_string(tmp_result, type, terminators);
	outstr = util::unique_copy(tmp_result.c_str(), null_if_empty);
}

// Like stuff_and_malloc_string but for SCP_vm_unique_ptr<char>
void stuff_string(SCP_vm_unique_ptr<char> &outstr, int type, bool null_if_empty, const char *terminators)
{
	SCP_string tmp_result;
	stuff_string(tmp_result, type, terminators);
	outstr = util::vm_unique_copy(tmp_result.c_str(), null_if_empty);
}

// After reading a multitext string, you can call this function to convert any newlines into
// spaces, so it's a one paragraph string (i.e. as in MS-Word).
void compact_multitext_string(char *str)
{
	auto p_dest = str;
	auto p_src = str;

	while (*p_src)
	{
		char ch = *p_src;

		// skip CR
		// convert LF to space
		// copy characters backwards if any CRs previously encountered
		if (ch != '\r')
		{
			if (ch == '\n')
				*p_dest = ' ';
			else if (p_dest != p_src)
				*p_dest = *p_src;

			p_dest++;
		}
		p_src++;
	}

	if (p_dest != p_src)
		*p_dest = 0;
}

// ditto for SCP_string
void compact_multitext_string(SCP_string &str)
{
	auto p_dest = str.begin();
	auto p_src = str.begin();

	while (p_src != str.end())
	{
		char ch = *p_src;

		// skip CR
		// convert LF to space
		// copy characters backwards if any CRs previously encountered
		if (ch != '\r')
		{
			if (ch == '\n')
				*p_dest = ' ';
			else if (p_dest != p_src)
				*p_dest = *p_src;

			p_dest++;
		}
		p_src++;
	}

	if (p_dest != p_src)
		str.erase(p_dest);
}

// Converts a character from Windows-1252 to CP437.
int maybe_convert_foreign_character(int ch)
{
	// time to do some special foreign character conversion
	switch (ch) {
		case -57:
			ch = 128;
			break;

		case -4:
			ch = 129;
			break;

		case -23:
			ch = 130;
			break;

		case -30:
			ch = 131;
			break;

		case -28:
			ch = 132;
			break;

		case -32:
			ch = 133;
			break;

		case -27:
			ch = 134;
			break;

		case -25:
			ch = 135;
			break;

		case -22:
			ch = 136;
			break;

		case -21:
			ch = 137;
			break;

		case -24:
			ch = 138;
			break;

		case -17:
			ch = 139;
			break;

		case -18:
			ch = 140;
			break;

		case -20:
			ch = 141;
			break;

		case -60:
			ch = 142;
			break;

		case -59:
			ch = 143;
			break;

		case -55:
			ch = 144;
			break;

		case -26:
			ch = 145;
			break;

		case -58:
			ch = 146;
			break;

		case -12:
			ch = 147;
			break;

		case -10:
			ch = 148;
			break;

		case -14:
			ch = 149;
			break;

		case -5:
			ch = 150;
			break;

		case -7:
			ch = 151;
			break;

		case -1:
			ch = 152;
			break;

		case -42:
			ch = 153;
			break;

		case -36:
			ch = 154;
			break;

		case -94:
			ch = 155;
			break;

		case -93:
			ch = 156;
			break;

		case -91:
			ch = 157;
			break;

		case -125:
			ch = 159;
			break;

		case -31:
			ch = 160;
			break;

		case -19:
			ch = 161;
			break;

		case -13:
			ch = 162;
			break;

		case -6:
			ch = 163;
			break;

		case -15:
			ch = 164;
			break;

		case -47:
			ch = 165;
			break;

		case -86:
			ch = 166;
			break;

		case -70:
			ch = 167;
			break;

		case -65:
			ch = 168;
			break;

		case -84:
			ch = 170;
			break;

		case -67:
			ch = 171;
			break;

		case -68:
			ch = 172;
			break;

		case -95:
			ch = 173;
			break;

		case -85:
			ch = 174;
			break;

		case -69:
			ch = 175;
			break;

		case -33:
			ch = 225;
			break;

		case -75:
			ch = 230;
			break;

		case -79:
			ch = 241;
			break;

		case -9:
			ch = 246;
			break;

		case -80:
			ch = 248;
			break;

		case -73:
			ch = 250;
			break;

		case -78:
			ch = 253;
			break;

		case -96:
			ch = 255;
			break;
	}

	return ch;
}

// Goober5000
// Yarn - The capacity of out must be at least the value returned by
// get_converted_string_length(in) (plus one if add_null is true).
// Returns the number of characters written to out.
size_t maybe_convert_foreign_characters(const char *in, char *out, bool add_null)
{
	if (Fred_running) {
		size_t len = strlen(in);

		if (add_null) {
			strcpy(out, in);
			return len + 1;
		} else {
			strncpy(out, in, len);
			return len;
		}
	} else {
		auto inp = in;
		auto outp = out;

		while (*inp != '\0') {
			if (*inp == SHARP_S) {
				*outp++ = 's';
				*outp++ = 's';
			} else if (Lcl_pl) {
				*outp++ = *inp;
			} else {
				*outp++ = (char) maybe_convert_foreign_character(*inp);
			}
			inp++;
		}

		if (add_null) {
			*outp++ = '\0';
		}

		return outp - out;
	}
}

// Goober5000
SCP_string maybe_convert_foreign_characters(const SCP_string &text)
{
	if (Fred_running)
		return text;

	SCP_string new_text;
	for (auto ch: text)
	{
		if (ch == SHARP_S)
			new_text += "ss";
		else if (!Lcl_pl)
			new_text += i2ch(maybe_convert_foreign_character(ch));
		else
			new_text += ch;
	}

	return new_text;
}

// Yarn - Returns what the length of the text will be after it's processed by
// maybe_convert_foreign_characters, not including the null terminator.
size_t get_converted_string_length(const char *text)
{
	if (Fred_running) {
		return strlen(text);
	} else {
		size_t count = 0;
		auto s = strchr(text, SHARP_S);
		while (s != nullptr) {
			count++;
			s = strchr(s + 1, SHARP_S);
		}
		return strlen(text) + count;
	}
}

// Yarn - Returns what the length of the text will be after it's processed by
// maybe_convert_foreign_characters.
size_t get_converted_string_length(const SCP_string &text)
{
	if (Fred_running) {
		return text.size();
	} else {
		size_t count = 0;
		for (auto ii = text.begin(); ii != text.end(); ++ii) {
			if (*ii == SHARP_S) {
				count++;
			}
		}
		return text.size() + count;
	}
}

// Goober5000
bool get_number_before_separator(int &number, int &number_chars, const char *text, char separator)
{
	char buf[8];
	const char *ch = text;
	int len = 0;

	while (true)
	{
		// didn't find separator
		if (*ch == '\0' || len == 8)
			return false;

		// found separator
		if (*ch == separator)
			break;

		// found nondigit
		if (!isdigit(*ch))
			return false;

		// copying in progress
		buf[len] = *ch;
		len++;
		ch++;
	}

	// got an integer
	buf[len] = '\0';
	number = atoi(buf);
	number_chars = len;
	return true;
}

// Goober5000
bool get_number_before_separator(int &number, int &number_chars, const SCP_string &text, SCP_string::iterator text_pos, char separator)
{
	char buf[8];
	SCP_string::iterator ch = text_pos;
	int len = 0;

	while (true)
	{
		// didn't find separator
		if (ch == text.end() || len == 8)
			return false;

		// found separator
		if (*ch == separator)
			break;

		// found nondigit
		if (!isdigit(*ch))
			return false;

		// copying in progress
		buf[len] = *ch;
		len++;
		++ch;
	}

	// got an integer
	buf[len] = '\0';
	number = atoi(buf);
	number_chars = len;
	return true;
}

bool matches_version_specific_tag(const char *line_start, bool &compatible_version, int &tag_len)
{
	// special version-specific comment
	// formatted like e.g. ;;FSO 3.7.0;;
	// Should now support anything from ;;FSO 3;; to ;;FSO 3.7.3.20151106;; -MageKing17
	if (strnicmp(line_start, ";;FSO ", 6) != 0)
		return false;

	int major, minor, build, revis;
	int s_num = scan_fso_version_string(line_start, &major, &minor, &build, &revis);

	if (s_num == 0)
		return false;

	// hack for releases
	if (s_num == 4 && FS_VERSION_REVIS < 1000) {
		s_num = 3;
	}

	const char *ch = line_start + 6;
	while ((*ch) != ';') {
		Assertion((*ch) != '\0', "String that was already guaranteed to end with semicolons did not end with semicolons; it's possible we have fallen into an alternate universe. Failing string: [%s]\n", line_start);
		ch++;
	}
	ch++;
	Assertion((*ch) == ';', "String that was guaranteed to have double semicolons did not; it's possible we have fallen into an alternate universe. Failing string: [%s]\n", line_start);
	ch++;

	tag_len = (int)(ch - line_start);
	compatible_version = true;

	// check whether major, minor, and build line up with this version
	if (major > FS_VERSION_MAJOR)
	{
		compatible_version = false;
	}
	else if (major == FS_VERSION_MAJOR && s_num > 1)
	{
		if (minor > FS_VERSION_MINOR)
		{
			compatible_version = false;
		}
		else if (minor == FS_VERSION_MINOR && s_num > 2)
		{
			if (build > FS_VERSION_BUILD)
			{
				compatible_version = false;
			}
			else if (build == FS_VERSION_BUILD && s_num > 3)
			{
				if (revis > FS_VERSION_REVIS)
				{
					compatible_version = false;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// true for tag match
	return true;
}

// Strip comments from a line of input.
// Goober5000 - rewritten for the second time
void strip_comments(char *line, bool &in_quote, bool &in_multiline_comment_a, bool &in_multiline_comment_b)
{
	char *writep = line;
	char *readp = line;

	// copy all characters from read to write, unless they're commented
	while (*readp != '\r' && *readp != '\n' && *readp != '\0')
	{
		// only check for comments if not quoting
		if (!in_quote)
		{
			bool compatible_version;
			int tag_len;

			// see what sort of comment characters we recognize
			if (!strncmp(readp, "/*", 2))
			{
				// comment styles are mutually exclusive
				if (!in_multiline_comment_b)
					in_multiline_comment_a = true;
			}
			else if (!strncmp(readp, "!*", 2))
			{
				// comment styles are mutually exclusive
				if (!in_multiline_comment_a)
					in_multiline_comment_b = true;
			}
			else if (!strncmp(readp, "*/", 2))
			{
				if (in_multiline_comment_a)
				{
					in_multiline_comment_a = false;
					readp += 2;
					continue;
				}
			}
			else if (!strncmp(readp, "*!", 2))
			{
				if (in_multiline_comment_b)
				{
					in_multiline_comment_b = false;
					readp += 2;
					continue;
				}
			}
			// special version-specific comment
			// formatted like e.g. ;;FSO 3.7.0;;
			else if (matches_version_specific_tag(readp, compatible_version, tag_len))
			{
				// comment passes, so advance pass the tag and keep reading
				if (compatible_version)
				{
					readp += tag_len;
					continue;
				}
				// comment does not pass, so ignore the line
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}
			// standard comment
			else if (*readp == ';')
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		// maybe toggle quoting
		if (*readp == '\"')
			in_quote = !in_quote;

		// if not inside a comment, copy the characters
		if (!in_multiline_comment_a && !in_multiline_comment_b)
		{
			if (writep != readp)
				*writep = *readp;

			writep++;
		}

		// read the next character
		readp++;
	}

	// if we moved any characters, or if we haven't reached the end of the string, then mark end-of-line and terminate string
	if (writep != readp || *readp != '\0')
	{
		writep[0] = EOLN;
		writep[1] = '\0';
	}
}

// Reads one line of text from the input, returning the number of input chars read. Also sets the line ending type if found;
// and if there is a mismatch, displays a warning.
int parse_get_line(char *lineout, int max_line_len, const char *textin, int input_len, int line_num, LineEndingType &file_line_ending_type, bool &warned_for_this_file)
{
	auto found_line_ending = LineEndingType::UNKNOWN;
	char prev_c = '\0';
	int num_chars_written = 0;

	for (int num_chars_read = 1; num_chars_read <= input_len; ++num_chars_read)
	{
		char c = *textin++;

		if (c == '\0' || c == EOF)	// hard stop
		{
			input_len = num_chars_read;
			break;
		}
		else if (c == EOLN)
		{
			if (prev_c == CARRIAGE_RETURN)
				found_line_ending = LineEndingType::CRLF;
			else
				found_line_ending = LineEndingType::LF;
		}
		else if (c == CARRIAGE_RETURN)
		{
			if (*textin != EOLN)
				found_line_ending = LineEndingType::CR;
		}
		else
		{
			if (num_chars_written == max_line_len)
			{
				num_chars_read--;	// back out the character we just read, since we can't write it

				// terminate the string and return
				*lineout = '\0';
				return num_chars_read;
			}

			*lineout++ = c;
			num_chars_written++;
		}

		if (found_line_ending != LineEndingType::UNKNOWN)
		{
			if (file_line_ending_type == LineEndingType::UNKNOWN)
				file_line_ending_type = found_line_ending;
			else if (found_line_ending != file_line_ending_type && !warned_for_this_file)
			{
				// we can't use error_display() here because we're in the middle of reading the file
				Warning(LOCATION, "In %s, an inconsistent line ending was detected on line %d.  Please check the file for line ending errors.", Current_filename_sub, line_num);
				warned_for_this_file = true;
			}

			// ugh, if we're at the max length, we can't write the newline, so back out the newline we read
			if (num_chars_written == max_line_len)
			{
				if (found_line_ending == LineEndingType::CRLF)
					num_chars_read -= 2;
				else
					num_chars_read--;
			}
			else
			{
				*lineout++ = EOLN;	// normalize line endings to single-character EOLN
				num_chars_written++;
			}

			// terminate the string and return
			*lineout = '\0';
			return num_chars_read;
		}

		prev_c = c;
	}

	// we read the entire input without reaching a newline
	*lineout = 0;
	return input_len;
}

//	Read mission text, stripping comments.
//	When a comment is found, it is removed.  If an entire line
//	consisted of a comment, a blank line is left in the input file.
// Goober5000 - added ability to read somewhere other than Parse_text
void read_file_text(const char *filename, int mode, char *processed_text, char *raw_text)
{
	Assertion(filename, "Filename must not be null!");
	if (!filename)
		throw parse::FileOpenException("Filename must not be null!");

	// copy the filename
	strcpy_s(Current_filename_sub, filename);

	// if we are paused then processed_text and raw_text must not be NULL!!
	if ( !Bookmarks.empty() && ((processed_text == NULL) || (raw_text == NULL)) ) {
		Error(LOCATION, "ERROR: Neither processed_text nor raw_text may be NULL when parsing is paused!!\n");
	}

	// read the raw text
	read_raw_file_text(filename, mode, raw_text);

	if (processed_text == NULL)
		processed_text = Parse_text;

	if (raw_text == NULL)
		raw_text = Parse_text_raw;

	// process it (strip comments)
	process_raw_file_text(processed_text, raw_text);
}

// Goober5000
void read_file_text_from_default(const default_file& file, char *processed_text, char *raw_text)
{
	// we have no filename, so copy a substitute
	strcpy_s(Current_filename_sub, "internal default file ");
	strcat_s(Current_filename_sub, file.filename);

	// if we are paused then processed_text and raw_text must not be NULL!!
	if ( !Bookmarks.empty() && ((processed_text == NULL) || (raw_text == NULL)) ) {
		Error(LOCATION, "ERROR: Neither \"processed_text\" nor \"raw_text\" may be NULL when parsing is paused!!\n");
	}

	// make sure to do this before anything else
	allocate_parse_text(file.size + 1);

	// if we have no raw buffer, set it as the default raw text area
	if (raw_text == NULL)
		raw_text = Parse_text_raw;

	auto text = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(file.data);

	// copy text in the array (but only if the raw text and the array are not the same)
	if (raw_text != file.data)
	{
		// Copy the file contents into the array and null-terminate it
		// We have to make sure to adjust the size if the size of a char is more than 1
		strncpy(raw_text, text, file.size / sizeof(char));
		raw_text[file.size / sizeof(char)] = '\0';
	}

	if (processed_text == NULL)
		processed_text = Parse_text;

	// process the text
	process_raw_file_text(processed_text, raw_text);
}

void stop_parse()
{
	Assert( Bookmarks.empty() );

	if (Parse_text != nullptr) {
		vm_free(Parse_text);
		Parse_text = nullptr;
	}

	if (Parse_text_raw != nullptr) {
		vm_free(Parse_text_raw);
		Parse_text_raw = nullptr;
	}

	Parse_text_size = 0;
}

void allocate_parse_text(size_t size)
{
	Assert( size > 0 );

	// Make sure that there is space for the terminating null character
	size += 1;

	if (size <= Parse_text_size) {
		// Make sure that a new parsing session does not use uninitialized data.
		memset( Parse_text, 0, sizeof(char) * Parse_text_size );
		memset( Parse_text_raw, 0, sizeof(char) * Parse_text_size);
		return;
	}

	static ubyte parse_atexit = 0;

	if (!parse_atexit) {
		atexit(stop_parse);
		parse_atexit = 1;
	}

	if (Parse_text != nullptr) {
		vm_free(Parse_text);
		Parse_text = nullptr;
	}

	if (Parse_text_raw != nullptr) {
		vm_free(Parse_text_raw);
		Parse_text_raw = nullptr;
	}

	Parse_text = (char *) vm_malloc(sizeof(char) * size, memory::quiet_alloc);
	Parse_text_raw = (char *) vm_malloc(sizeof(char) * size, memory::quiet_alloc);

	if ( (Parse_text == nullptr) || (Parse_text_raw == nullptr) ) {
		Error(LOCATION, "Unable to allocate enough memory for Parse_text!  Aborting...\n");
	}

	memset( Parse_text, 0, sizeof(char) * size );
	memset( Parse_text_raw, 0, sizeof(char) * size);

	Parse_text_size = size;
}

// Goober5000
void read_raw_file_text(const char *filename, int mode, char *raw_text)
{
	CFILE	*mf;
	int	file_is_encrypted;

	Assertion(filename, "Filename must not be null!");
	if (!filename)
		throw parse::FileOpenException("Filename must not be null!");

	mf = cfopen(filename, "rb", mode);
	if (mf == NULL)
	{
		nprintf(("Error", "Wokka!  Error opening file (%s)!\n", filename));
		throw parse::FileOpenException("Failed to open file");
	}

	// read the entire file in
	int file_len = cfilelength(mf);

	if(!file_len) {
		nprintf(("Error", "Oh noes!!  File is empty! (%s)!\n", filename));
		throw parse::ParseException("File is empty");
	}

	// For the possible Latin1 -> UTF-8 conversion we need to reallocate the raw_text at some point and we can only do
	// that if we have control over the raw_text pointer which is only the case if it's null.
	auto can_reallocate = raw_text == nullptr;
	if (raw_text == nullptr) {
		// allocate, or reallocate, memory for Parse_text and Parse_text_raw based on size we need now
		allocate_parse_text((size_t) (file_len + 1));
		// NOTE: this always has to be done *after* the allocate_mission_text() call!!
		raw_text = Parse_text_raw;
	}

	// read first 10 bytes to determine if file is encrypted
	cfread(raw_text, MIN(file_len, 10), 1, mf);
	file_is_encrypted = is_encrypted(raw_text);
	cfseek(mf, 0, CF_SEEK_SET);

	file_len = util::check_encoding_and_skip_bom(mf, filename);

	if ( file_is_encrypted )
	{
		int	unscrambled_len;
		char	*scrambled_text;
		scrambled_text = (char*)vm_malloc(file_len+1);
		Assert(scrambled_text);
		cfread(scrambled_text, file_len, 1, mf);
		// unscramble text
		unencrypt(scrambled_text, file_len, raw_text, &unscrambled_len);
		file_len = unscrambled_len;
		vm_free(scrambled_text);
	}
	else
	{
		cfread(raw_text, file_len, 1, mf);
	}

	//WMC - Slap a NULL character on here for the odd error where we forgot a #End
	raw_text[file_len] = '\0';

	if (Unicode_text_mode) {
		// Validate the UTF-8 encoding
		auto invalid = utf8::find_invalid(raw_text, raw_text + file_len);
		if (invalid != raw_text + file_len) {
			auto isLatin1 = util::guessLatin1Encoding(raw_text, (size_t) file_len);

			// We do the additional can_reallocate check here since we need control over raw_text to reencode the file
			if (isLatin1 && can_reallocate) {

				// Some retail files are known to be safe to convert to utf-8 so validate that here and only warn otherwise
				bool downgrade_warning = false;

				// Compare filename by lowercase string
				SCP_string key = filename;
				SCP_tolower(key);

				// Check for a hash
				auto it = retail_hashes.find(key);
				if (it != retail_hashes.end()) {
					const auto hash = md5_hash(raw_text, strlen(raw_text));
					if (it->second == hash) {
						downgrade_warning = true;
					} else {
						mprintf(("Found Latin-1 encoded retail file %s with non-matching hash '%s'\n", filename, hash.c_str()));
					}
				}

				// Log if a retail file was converted. Warn otherwise.
				if (downgrade_warning) {
					mprintf(("Found Latin-1 encoded retail file %s. The file will be automatically converted to UTF-8.\n", filename));
				} else {
					Warning(LOCATION, "Found Latin-1 encoded file %s. This file will be automatically converted to UTF-8 but "
						"it may cause parsing issues with some files if they contained invalid data.\n"
						"To silence this warning you must convert the files to UTF-8, e.g. by using a program like "
						"iconv.",
						filename);
				}

				// SDL2 has iconv functionality so we use that to convert from Latin1 to UTF-8

				// We need the raw_text as fallback so we first need to copy the current
				SCP_string input_str = raw_text;

				SCP_string buffer;
				bool success = unicode::convert_encoding(buffer, raw_text, unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1, unicode::Encoding::Encoding_utf8);

				if (Parse_text_size < buffer.length()) {
					allocate_parse_text(buffer.length());
				}

				if (success) {
					strncpy(Parse_text_raw, buffer.c_str(), buffer.length());
				}
				else {
					Warning(LOCATION, "File reencoding failed!\n"
						"You will probably encounter encoding issues.");

					// Copy the original data back to the mission text pointer so that we don't loose any data here
					strcpy(Parse_text_raw, input_str.c_str());
				}
			} else {
				Warning(LOCATION, "Found invalid UTF-8 encoding in file %s at position " PTRDIFF_T_ARG "!\n"
					"This may cause parsing errors and should be fixed!", filename, invalid - raw_text);
			}
		}
	}

	cfclose(mf);
}

// Goober5000, based partly on above iconv usage
void coerce_to_utf8(SCP_string &buffer, const char *str)
{
	auto len = strlen(str);

	// Validate the UTF-8 encoding
	auto invalid = utf8::find_invalid(str, str + len);
	if (invalid == str + len)
	{
		// turns out this is valid UTF-8
		buffer.assign(str);
		return;
	}

	bool isLatin1 = util::guessLatin1Encoding(str, len);

	// we can convert it
	if (isLatin1)
	{
		unicode::convert_encoding(buffer, str, unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1, unicode::Encoding::Encoding_utf8);
		return;
	}

	// unknown encoding, so just truncate
	buffer.assign(str, invalid - str);
	Warning(LOCATION, "Truncating non-UTF-8 string '%s' to '%s'!\n", str, buffer.c_str());
}

// Goober5000
void process_raw_file_text(char* processed_text, char* raw_text)
{
	SCP_string parse_exception_1402;
	unicode::convert_encoding(parse_exception_1402, "1402, \"Sie haben IPX-Protokoll als Protokoll ausgew\xE4hlt, aber dieses Protokoll ist auf Ihrer Maschine nicht installiert.\".\"\n", unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1);
	SCP_string parse_exception_1117;
	unicode::convert_encoding(parse_exception_1117, "1117, \"\\r\\n\"Aucun web browser trouva. Del\xE0 isn't on emm\xE9nagea ou if \\r\\non est emm\xE9nagea, ca isn't set pour soient la default browser.\\r\\n\\r\\n\"\n", unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1);
	SCP_string parse_exception_1337;
	unicode::convert_encoding(parse_exception_1337, "1337, \"(fr)Loading\"\n", unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1);
	SCP_string parse_exception_3966;
	unicode::convert_encoding(parse_exception_3966, "3966, \"Es sieht so aus, als habe Staffel Kappa Zugriff auf die GTVA-Zugangscodes f\xFCr das System gehabt. Das ist ein ernstes Sicherheitsleck. Ihre IFF-Kennung erschien als \"verb\xFCndet\", so da\xDF sie sich dem Konvoi ungehindert n\xE4hern konnten. Zum Gl\xFC\x63k flogen Sie und  Alpha 2 Geleitschutz und lie\xDF\x65n den Schwindel auffliegen, bevor Kappa ihren Befehl ausf\xFChren konnte.\"\n", unicode::Encoding::Encoding_iso8859_1);

	char* mp;
	char* mp_raw;
	char outbuf[PARSE_BUF_SIZE];
	bool in_quote = false;
	bool in_multiline_comment_a = false;
	bool in_multiline_comment_b = false;
	int raw_text_len = static_cast<int>(strlen(raw_text));

	if (processed_text == NULL)
		processed_text = Parse_text;

	if (raw_text == NULL)
		raw_text = Parse_text_raw;

	Assert(processed_text != NULL);
	Assert(raw_text != NULL);

	mp = processed_text;
	mp_raw = raw_text;

	// strip comments from raw text, reading into file_text
	int num_chars_read = 0;
	int remaining_raw_len = raw_text_len;
	int parsed_line_num = 1;
	auto file_line_ending_type = LineEndingType::UNKNOWN;
	bool warned_for_this_file = false;
	while ((num_chars_read = parse_get_line(outbuf, PARSE_BUF_SIZE-1, mp_raw, remaining_raw_len, parsed_line_num, file_line_ending_type, warned_for_this_file)) != 0) {
		mp_raw += num_chars_read;
		remaining_raw_len -= num_chars_read;
		parsed_line_num++;

		// stupid hacks to make retail data work with fixed parser, per Mantis #3072
		if (!strcmp(outbuf, parse_exception_1402.c_str())) {

			int offset = Unicode_text_mode ? 1 : 0;
			outbuf[121 + offset] = ' ';
			outbuf[122 + offset] = ' ';
		}
		else if (!strcmp(outbuf, parse_exception_1117.c_str())) {
			char* ch = &outbuf[11];
			do {
				*ch = *(ch + 1);
				++ch;
			} while (*ch);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(outbuf, parse_exception_1337.c_str())) {
			outbuf[3] = '6';
		}
		else if (!strcmp(outbuf, parse_exception_3966.c_str())) {
			int offset = Unicode_text_mode ? 1 : 0;
			outbuf[171 + offset] = '\'';
			outbuf[181 + offset * 2] = '\'';
		}

		strip_comments(outbuf, in_quote, in_multiline_comment_a, in_multiline_comment_b);

		if (Unicode_text_mode) {
			// In unicode mode we simply assume that the text is already properly encoded in UTF-8
			// Also, since we don't know how big mp actually is since we get the pointer from the outside we can't use one of
			// the "safe" strcpy variants here...
			strcpy(mp, outbuf);
			mp += strlen(outbuf);
		} else {
			mp += maybe_convert_foreign_characters(outbuf, mp, false);
		}
	}

	// Make sure the string is terminated properly
	*mp = *mp_raw = '\0';
/*
	while (cfgets(outbuf, PARSE_BUF_SIZE, mf) != NULL) {
		if (strlen(outbuf) >= PARSE_BUF_SIZE-1)
			error_display(0, "Input string too long.  Max is %i characters.\n%.256s\n", PARSE_BUF_SIZE, outbuf);

		//	If you hit this assert, it is probably telling you the obvious.  The file
		//	you are trying to read is truly too large.  Look at *filename to see the file name.
		Assert(mp_raw - file_text_raw + strlen(outbuf) < PARSE_TEXT_SIZE);
		strcpy_s(mp_raw, outbuf);
		mp_raw += strlen(outbuf);

		in_comment = strip_comments(outbuf, in_comment);
		strcpy_s(mp, outbuf);
		mp += strlen(outbuf);
	}

	*mp = *mp_raw = EOF_CHAR;
*/

}

void debug_show_mission_text()
{
	char	*mp = Parse_text;
	char	ch;

	while ((ch = *mp++) != '\0')
		printf("%c", ch);
}

// Goober5000
void read_file_bytes(const char *filename, int mode, char *raw_bytes)
{
	CFILE	*mf;

	Assertion(filename, "Filename must not be null!");
	if (!filename)
		throw parse::FileOpenException("Filename must not be null!");

	// copy the filename
	strcpy_s(Current_filename_sub, filename);

	// if we are paused then raw_bytes must not be NULL!!
	if ( !Bookmarks.empty() && (raw_bytes == nullptr) ) {
		Error(LOCATION, "ERROR: raw_bytes may not be NULL when parsing is paused!!\n");
	}

	mf = cfopen(filename, "rb", mode);
	if (mf == nullptr)
	{
		nprintf(("Error", "Wokka!  Error opening file (%s)!\n", filename));
		throw parse::FileOpenException("Failed to open file");
	}

	// read the entire file in
	int file_len = cfilelength(mf);

	if(!file_len) {
		nprintf(("Error", "Oh noes!!  File is empty! (%s)!\n", filename));
		throw parse::ParseException("File is empty");
	}

	if (raw_bytes == nullptr) {
		// allocate, or reallocate, memory for Parse_text and Parse_text_raw based on size we need now
		allocate_parse_text((size_t) (file_len + 1));
		// NOTE: this always has to be done *after* the allocate_mission_text() call!!
		raw_bytes = Parse_text_raw;
	}

	cfread(raw_bytes, file_len, 1, mf);

	//WMC - Slap a NULL character on here for the odd error where we forgot a #End
	// Goober5000 - for binary files, the equivalent is an EOF
	raw_bytes[file_len] = EOF;

	cfclose(mf);
}

// Returns whether the first character encountered in str that is not whitespace is the character to look for.
// If so, and if after_ch is non-nullptr, it will be set to point to the first character after the character to look for.
bool check_first_non_whitespace_char(const char *str, char char_to_look_for, char **after_ch)
{
	auto active_ch = str;
	while (true)
	{
		if (*active_ch == '\0')
			return false;
		if (!is_white_space(*active_ch))
			break;
		active_ch++;
	}

	if (*active_ch == char_to_look_for)
	{
		if (after_ch != nullptr)
			*after_ch = const_cast<char*>(active_ch + 1);	// this is ugly, but strtof and strtod do the same thing
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

// Do the same thing for grayspace
bool check_first_non_grayspace_char(const char *str, char char_to_look_for, char **after_ch)
{
	auto active_ch = str;
	while (true)
	{
		if (*active_ch == '\0')
			return false;
		if (!is_gray_space(*active_ch))
			break;
		active_ch++;
	}

	if (*active_ch == char_to_look_for)
	{
		if (after_ch != nullptr)
			*after_ch = const_cast<char*>(active_ch + 1);	// this is ugly, but strtof and strtod do the same thing
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

bool unexpected_numeric_char(char ch)
{
	return (ch != '\0') && (ch != ',') && (ch != ')') && !is_white_space(ch);
}

//	Stuff a floating point value pointed at by Mp.
//	Advances past float characters.
int stuff_float(float *f, bool optional)
{
	char *str_start = Mp;
	char *str_end;

	// since strtof ignores white space anyway, might as well make it explicit
	ignore_white_space();

	auto result = strtof(Mp, &str_end);
	bool success = false, comma = false;
	int retval = 0;

	// no float found?
	if (result == 0.0f && str_end == Mp)
	{
		if (!optional)
			error_display(1, "Expected float, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens());
	}
	else
	{
		*f = result;
		success = true;
	}

	if (success)
		Mp = str_end;

	// if an unexpected character is part of the number, warn about it
	if (success && unexpected_numeric_char(*Mp))
	{
		error_display(0, "Expected float, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens(true));
		// Rather than back up to str_start, do what retail did and continue
		// merrily parsing along at the next character.  (Optional numbers
		// will still back up to str_start - c.f. a few lines down.)
		if (optional)
			success = false;
	}

	if (check_first_non_grayspace_char(Mp, ',', &Mp))
		comma = true;

	if (optional && !success)
		Mp = str_start;

	if (success)
	{
		retval = 2;
		diag_printf("Stuffed float: %f\n", *f);
	}
	else if (optional)
		retval = comma ? 1 : 0;
	else
		skip_token();

	return retval;
}

//	Stuff an integer value pointed at by Mp.
//	Advances past integer characters.
int stuff_int(int *i, bool optional)
{
	char *str_start = Mp;

	// since atoi ignores white space anyway, might as well make it explicit
	ignore_white_space();

	// this is a bit cumbersome
	size_t span;
	if (*Mp == '+' || *Mp == '-')
	{
		span = strspn(Mp + 1, "0123456789");

		// account for the sign symbol, but not if it's the only valid character
		if (span > 0)
			++span;
	}
	else
		span = strspn(Mp, "0123456789");

	auto result = atoi(Mp);
	bool success = false, comma = false;
	int retval = 0;

	// no int found?
	if (result == 0 && span == 0)
	{
		if (!optional)
			error_display(1, "Expected int, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens());
	}
	else
	{
		*i = result;
		success = true;
	}

	if (success)
		Mp += span;

	// if an unexpected character is part of the number, warn about it
	if (success && unexpected_numeric_char(*Mp))
	{
		error_display(0, "Expected int, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens(true));
		// Rather than back up to str_start, do what retail did and continue
		// merrily parsing along at the next character.  (Optional numbers
		// will still back up to str_start - c.f. a few lines down.)
		if (optional)
			success = false;
	}

	if (check_first_non_grayspace_char(Mp, ',', &Mp))
		comma = true;

	if (optional && !success)
		Mp = str_start;

	if (success)
	{
		retval = 2;
		diag_printf("Stuffed int: %d\n", *i);
	}
	else if (optional)
		retval = comma ? 1 : 0;
	else
		skip_token();

	return retval;
}

//	Stuff a long value pointed at by Mp.
//	Advances past integer characters.
int stuff_long(long *l, bool optional)
{
	char *str_start = Mp;

	// since atol ignores white space anyway, might as well make it explicit
	ignore_white_space();

	// this is a bit cumbersome
	size_t span;
	if (*Mp == '+' || *Mp == '-')
	{
		span = strspn(Mp + 1, "0123456789");

		// account for the sign symbol, but not if it's the only valid character
		if (span > 0)
			++span;
	}
	else
		span = strspn(Mp, "0123456789");

	auto result = atol(Mp);
	bool success = false, comma = false;
	int retval = 0;

	// no long found?
	if (result == 0 && span == 0)
	{
		if (!optional)
			error_display(1, "Expected long, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens());
	}
	else
	{
		*l = result;
		success = true;
	}

	if (success)
		Mp += span;

	// if an unexpected character is part of the number, warn about it
	if (success && unexpected_numeric_char(*Mp))
	{
		error_display(0, "Expected long, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens(true));
		// Rather than back up to str_start, do what retail did and continue
		// merrily parsing along at the next character.  (Optional numbers
		// will still back up to str_start - c.f. a few lines down.)
		if (optional)
			success = false;
	}

	if (check_first_non_grayspace_char(Mp, ',', &Mp))
		comma = true;

	if (optional && !success)
		Mp = str_start;

	if (success)
	{
		retval = 2;
		diag_printf("Stuffed long: %ld\n", *l);
	}
	else if (optional)
		retval = comma ? 1 : 0;
	else
		skip_token();

	return retval;
}

//	Stuff an unsigned 64-bit value pointed at by Mp.
//	Advances past integer characters.
int stuff_uint64(std::uint64_t *l, bool optional)
{
	char *str_start = Mp;

	// since strtoull ignores white space anyway, might as well make it explicit
	ignore_white_space();

	// this is a bit cumbersome
	size_t span;
	if (*Mp == '+')
	{
		span = strspn(Mp + 1, "0123456789");

		// account for the sign symbol, but not if it's the only valid character
		if (span > 0)
			++span;
	}
	else
		span = strspn(Mp, "0123456789");

	// don't call strtoull unless we found digits, because it will happily parse
	// (and wrap around) a negative number
	std::uint64_t result = (span > 0) ? strtoull(Mp, nullptr, 10) : 0;
	bool success = false, comma = false;
	int retval = 0;

	// no number found?
	if (span == 0)
	{
		if (!optional)
			error_display(1, "Expected unsigned integer, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens());
	}
	else
	{
		*l = result;
		success = true;
	}

	if (success)
		Mp += span;

	// if an unexpected character is part of the number, warn about it
	if (success && unexpected_numeric_char(*Mp))
	{
		error_display(0, "Expected unsigned integer, found [%.32s].\n", next_tokens(true));
		// Rather than back up to str_start, do what retail did and continue
		// merrily parsing along at the next character.  (Optional numbers
		// will still back up to str_start - c.f. a few lines down.)
		if (optional)
			success = false;
	}

	if (check_first_non_grayspace_char(Mp, ',', &Mp))
		comma = true;

	if (optional && !success)
		Mp = str_start;

	if (success)
	{
		retval = 2;
		diag_printf("Stuffed uint64: " UINT64_T_ARG "\n", *l);
	}
	else if (optional)
		retval = comma ? 1 : 0;
	else
		skip_token();

	return retval;
}

int stuff_float_optional(float *f)
{
	return stuff_float(f, true);
}

int stuff_int_optional(int *i)
{
	return stuff_int(i, true);
}

// Stuff an integer value pointed at by Mp.  If a variable is found instead, stuff the value of that variable and record the
// index of the variable in the following slot.
void stuff_int_or_variable(int *i, int *var_index, bool need_positive_value)
{
	if (*Mp == SEXP_VARIABLE_CHAR)
	{
		int value = -1;
		SCP_string str;

		auto saved_Mp = Mp;
		Mp++;
		stuff_string(str, F_NAME);
		int index = get_index_sexp_variable_name(str);

		if (index > -1 && index < MAX_SEXP_VARIABLES)
		{
			if (Sexp_variables[index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_NUMBER)
			{
				value = atoi(Sexp_variables[index].text);
			}
			else
			{
				error_display(1, "Invalid variable type \"%s\" found in mission. Variable must be a number variable!", str.c_str());
			}
		}
		else
		{
			Mp = saved_Mp;
			stuff_string(str, F_NAME);
			error_display(1, "Invalid variable name \"%s\" found.", str.c_str());
		}

		// zero negative values if requested
		if (need_positive_value && value < 0)
		{
			value = 0;
		}

		// Record the value of the index for FreeSpace
		*i = value;
		// Record the index itself because we may need it later.
		*var_index = index;
	}
	else
	{
		stuff_int(i);
		// Since we have a numerical value we don't have a SEXP variable index to add for next slot.
		*var_index = NOT_SET_BY_SEXP_VARIABLE;
	}
}

//Stuffs boolean value.
//Passes things off to stuff_boolean(bool)
void stuff_boolean(int *i, bool a_to_eol)
{
	bool tempb;
	stuff_boolean(&tempb, a_to_eol);
	if(tempb)
		*i = 1;
	else
		*i = 0;
}

void stuff_boolean_flag(int *i, int flag, bool a_to_eol)
{
	bool temp;
	stuff_boolean(&temp, a_to_eol);
	if(temp)
		*i |= flag;
	else
		*i &= ~(flag);
}

// Stuffs a boolean value pointed at by Mp.
// YES/NO (supporting 1/0 now as well)
// Now supports localization :) -WMC
void stuff_boolean(bool *b, bool a_to_eol)
{
	char token[NAME_LENGTH];
	stuff_string_white(token);
	if(a_to_eol)
		advance_to_eoln(NULL);

	if (!parse_boolean(token, b))
	{
		*b = false;
		error_display(0, "Boolean '%s' type unknown; assuming 'no/false'", token);
	}

	diag_printf("Stuffed bool: %s\n", (b) ? NOX("true") : NOX("false"));
}

// Parses a token into a boolean value, if the token is recognized.  If so, the boolean parameter is assigned the value and the function returns true;
// if not, the boolean parameter is not assigned and the function returns false.
bool parse_boolean(const char *token, bool *b)
{
	Assertion(token != nullptr && b != nullptr, "Parameters must not be NULL!");

	if(isdigit(token[0]))
	{
		if(token[0] != '0')
			*b = true;
		else
			*b = false;
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		if(!stricmp(token, "yes")
			|| !stricmp(token, "true")
			|| !stricmp(token, "ja")		//German
			|| !stricmp(token, "Oui")		//French
			|| !stricmp(token, "si")		//Spanish
			|| !stricmp(token, "ita vero")	//Latin
			|| !stricmp(token, "HIja'") || !stricmp(token, "HISlaH"))	//Klingon
		{
			*b = true;
			return true;
		}
		else if(!stricmp(token, "no")
			|| !stricmp(token, "false")
			|| !stricmp(token, "nein")		//German
			|| !stricmp(token, "Non")		//French
			//I don't know spanish for "no"
			//But according to altavista, spanish for "No" is "no"
			//Go figure.
			|| !stricmp(token, "minime")	//Latin
			|| !stricmp(token, "ghobe'"))	//Klingon
		{
			*b = false;
			return true;
		}
	}

	// token not recognized
	return false;
}

//	Stuff an integer value (cast to a ubyte) pointed at by Mp.
//	Advances past integer characters.
void stuff_ubyte(ubyte *i)
{
	int temp;
	stuff_int(&temp);
	*i = (ubyte)temp;
}

template <typename T, typename F>
void stuff_token_list(SCP_vector<T> &list, F stuff_one_token, const char *type_as_string, bool skip_comma = true)
{
	list.clear();

	ignore_white_space();

	if (*Mp != '(')
	{
		error_display(1, "Reading %s list.  Found [%c].  Expected '('.\n", type_as_string, *Mp);
		throw parse::ParseException("Syntax error");
	}
	Mp++;

	while (!check_first_non_whitespace_char(Mp, ')', &Mp))
	{
		ignore_white_space();

		T item;
		if (stuff_one_token(&item))
			list.push_back(std::move(item));

		if (skip_comma)
			check_first_non_grayspace_char(Mp, ',', &Mp);
	}
}

template <typename T, typename F>
size_t stuff_token_list(T *listp, size_t list_max, F stuff_one_token, const char *type_as_string, bool skip_comma = true)
{
	SCP_vector<T> list;
	stuff_token_list(list, stuff_one_token, type_as_string, skip_comma);

	if (list_max < list.size())
	{
		error_display(0, "Too many items in %s list.  Found " SIZE_T_ARG "; max is " SIZE_T_ARG ".  List has been truncated.", type_as_string, list.size(), list_max);
		list.resize(list_max);
	}

	size_t i = 0;
	for (const auto &item : list)
		listp[i++] = item;

	Assert(i == list.size());
	return i;
}

// If this data is going to be parsed multiple times (like for mission load), then the dest variable 
// needs to be set to zero in between parses, otherwise we keep bad data.
// For tbm files, it must not be reset.
void parse_string_flag_list(int &dest, flag_def_list defs[], size_t defs_size)
{
	SCP_vector<SCP_string> slp;
	stuff_string_list(slp);

	for (auto &str : slp)
	{
		for (size_t j = 0; j < defs_size; j++)
		{
			if (!stricmp(str.c_str(), defs[j].name))
				dest |= defs[j].def;
		}
	}
}

size_t stuff_bool_list(bool *blp, size_t max_bools)
{
	return stuff_token_list(blp, max_bools, [](bool *b)->bool {
		stuff_boolean(b, false);
		return true;
	}, "bool");
}

void stuff_string_list(SCP_vector<SCP_string> &slp)
{
	stuff_token_list(slp, [](SCP_string *buf)->bool {
		if (*Mp != '\"') {
			error_display(0, "Missing quotation marks in string list.");
			// Since this is a bad token, skip characters until we find a comma, parenthesis, or EOLN
			advance_to_eoln(",)");
			return false;
		}

		*buf = "";
		get_string(*buf);

		return true;
	}, "string");
}

size_t stuff_string_list(char slp[][NAME_LENGTH], size_t max_strings)
{
	SCP_vector<SCP_string> list;
	stuff_string_list(list);

	if (max_strings < list.size())
	{
		error_display(0, "Too many items in %s list.  Found " SIZE_T_ARG "; max is " SIZE_T_ARG ".  List has been truncated.", "string", list.size(), max_strings);
		list.resize(max_strings);
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < list.size(); ++i)
	{
		if (list[i].size() >= NAME_LENGTH)
		{
			Warning(LOCATION, "'%s' is too long and will be truncated.  Max length is %d.", list[i].c_str(), NAME_LENGTH - 1);
			list[i].resize(NAME_LENGTH - 1);
		}

		strcpy_s(slp[i], list[i].c_str());
	}

	return list.size();
}

const char* get_lookup_type_name(ParseLookupType lookup_type)
{
	switch (lookup_type)
	{
		case ParseLookupType::RAW_INTEGER_TYPE:
			return "Untyped integer list";
		case ParseLookupType::SHIP_TYPE:
			return "Ships";
		case ParseLookupType::SHIP_INFO_TYPE:
			return "Ship Classes";
		case ParseLookupType::WEAPON_LIST_TYPE:
			return "Weapon Types";
		case ParseLookupType::WEAPON_POOL_TYPE:
			return "Weapon Pool";
		case ParseLookupType::FIREBALL_INFO_TYPE:
			return "Fireball Types";
		case ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST:
			return "Mission Loadout Ships";
		case ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST:
			return "Mission Loadout Weapons";
		case ParseLookupType::CAMPAIGN_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST:
			return "Campaign Loadout Ships";
		case ParseLookupType::CAMPAIGN_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST:
			return "Campaign Loadout Weapons";
		default:
			return "Unknown lookup type, tell a coder!";
	}
}

// use a functor here so that we don't need to re-roll the parsing function for both variants of stuff_int_lists
struct StuffIntListParser
{
	ParseLookupType lookup_type;
	bool warn_on_lookup_failure;

	StuffIntListParser(ParseLookupType _lookup_type, bool _warn_on_lookup_failure)
		: lookup_type(_lookup_type), warn_on_lookup_failure(_warn_on_lookup_failure)
	{}

	bool operator()(int* buf) {
		if (*Mp == '"') {
			int num = 0;
			bool valid_negative = false;
			SCP_string str;
			get_string(str);

			switch (lookup_type) {
				case ParseLookupType::SHIP_TYPE:
					num = ship_name_lookup(str.c_str());	// returns index of Ship[] entry with name
					if (num < 0 && warn_on_lookup_failure)
						error_display(0, "Unable to find ship %s in stuff_int_list!", str.c_str());
					break;

				case ParseLookupType::SHIP_INFO_TYPE:
					num = ship_info_lookup(str.c_str());	// returns index of Ship_info[] entry with name
					if (num < 0 && warn_on_lookup_failure)
						error_display(0, "Unable to find ship class %s in stuff_int_list!", str.c_str());
					break;

				case ParseLookupType::WEAPON_POOL_TYPE:
					num = weapon_info_lookup(str.c_str());
					if (num < 0 && warn_on_lookup_failure)
						error_display(0, "Unable to find weapon class %s in stuff_int_list!", str.c_str());
					break;

				case ParseLookupType::WEAPON_LIST_TYPE:
					num = weapon_info_lookup(str.c_str());
					if (str.empty())
						valid_negative = true;
					else if (num < 0 && warn_on_lookup_failure)
						error_display(0, "Unable to find weapon class %s in stuff_int_list!", str.c_str());
					break;

				case ParseLookupType::FIREBALL_INFO_TYPE:
					num = fireball_info_lookup(str.c_str());
					if (num < 0 && warn_on_lookup_failure)
						error_display(0, "Unable to find fireball type %s in stuff_int_list!", str.c_str());
					break;

				case ParseLookupType::RAW_INTEGER_TYPE:
					num = atoi(str.c_str());
					valid_negative = true;
					break;

				default:
					UNREACHABLE("Unsupported lookup_type %d in stuff_int_list", static_cast<int>(lookup_type));
					break;
			}

			if (num < 0 && !valid_negative)
				return false;

			*buf = num;			
		} else {
			stuff_int(buf);
		}

		return true;
	}
};

//	Stuffs an integer list.
//	This is of the form ( i* )
//	  where i is an integer.
// For example, (1) () (1 2 3) ( 1 ) are legal integer lists.
size_t stuff_int_list(int *ilp, size_t max_ints, ParseLookupType lookup_type, bool warn_on_lookup_failure)
{
	return stuff_token_list(ilp, max_ints, StuffIntListParser(lookup_type, warn_on_lookup_failure), get_lookup_type_name(lookup_type));
}

//	Stuffs an integer list.
//	This is of the form ( i* )
//	  where i is an integer.
// For example, (1) () (1 2 3) ( 1 ) are legal integer lists.
void stuff_int_list(SCP_vector<int> &ilp, ParseLookupType lookup_type, bool warn_on_lookup_failure)
{
	stuff_token_list(ilp, StuffIntListParser(lookup_type, warn_on_lookup_failure), get_lookup_type_name(lookup_type));
}

// Karajorma/Goober5000 - Stuffs a loadout list by parsing a list of ship or weapon choices.
// Unlike stuff_int_list it can deal with variables
void stuff_loadout_list(SCP_vector<loadout_row> &list, ParseLookupType lookup_type)
{
	stuff_token_list(list, [&](loadout_row *buf)->bool {
		SCP_string str;
		int variable_found = get_string_or_variable(str);

		// if we've got a variable get the variable index and copy its value into str so that regardless of whether we found
		// a variable or not it now holds the name of the ship or weapon we're interested in.
		if (variable_found) {
			Assert(lookup_type != ParseLookupType::CAMPAIGN_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST);
			buf->index_sexp_var = get_index_sexp_variable_name(str);

			if (buf->index_sexp_var < 0) {
				error_display(1, "Invalid SEXP variable name \"%s\" found in stuff_loadout_list.", str.c_str());
			}

			str = Sexp_variables[buf->index_sexp_var].text;
		}

		switch (lookup_type) {
			case ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST:
			case ParseLookupType::CAMPAIGN_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST:
				buf->index = ship_info_lookup(str.c_str());
				break;

			case ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST:
			case ParseLookupType::CAMPAIGN_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST:
				buf->index = weapon_info_lookup(str.c_str());
				break;

			default:
				UNREACHABLE("Unsupported lookup_type %d in stuff_loadout_list", static_cast<int>(lookup_type));
				return false;
		}

		bool skip_this_entry = false;

		// Complain if this isn't a valid ship or weapon and we are loading a mission. Campaign files can be loaded containing
		// no ships from the current tables (when swapping mods) so don't report that as an error.
		if (buf->index < 0 && (lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST || lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST)) {
			error_display(0, "Invalid type \"%s\" found in loadout of mission file...skipping", str.c_str());
			skip_this_entry = true;

			// increment counter for release FRED builds.
			Num_unknown_loadout_classes++;
		}
		else if ((Game_mode & GM_MULTIPLAYER) && (lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST) && (Weapon_info[buf->index].maximum_children_spawned > 300)){
			Warning(LOCATION, "Weapon '%s' has more than 300 possible spawned weapons over its lifetime! This can cause issues for Multiplayer.", Weapon_info[buf->index].name);
		}

		if (!skip_this_entry) {
			// similarly, complain if this is a valid ship or weapon class that the player can't use
			if ((lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST) && (!(Ship_info[buf->index].flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Player_ship])) ) {
				error_display(0, "Ship type \"%s\" found in loadout of mission file. This class is not marked as a player ship...skipping", str.c_str());
				skip_this_entry = true;
			}
			else if ((lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST) && (!(Weapon_info[buf->index].wi_flags[Weapon::Info_Flags::Player_allowed])) ) {
				nprintf(("Warning",  "Warning: Weapon type %s found in loadout of mission file. This class is not marked as a player allowed weapon...skipping\n", str.c_str()));
				if ( !Is_standalone )
					error_display(0, "Weapon type \"%s\" found in loadout of mission file. This class is not marked as a player allowed weapon...skipping", str.c_str());
				skip_this_entry = true;
			}
		}

		// Loadout counts are only needed for missions
		if (lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_SHIP_LIST || lookup_type == ParseLookupType::MISSION_LOADOUT_WEAPON_LIST)
		{
			ignore_white_space();

			// Now read in the number of this type available. The number must be positive
			stuff_int_or_variable(&buf->count, &buf->count_sexp_var, true);
		}

		return !skip_this_entry;
	}, get_lookup_type_name(lookup_type));
}

//Stuffs an float list like stuff_int_list.
size_t stuff_float_list(float* flp, size_t max_floats)
{
	return stuff_token_list(flp, max_floats, [](float *f)->bool {
		stuff_float(f);
		return true;
	}, "float", false);	// don't skip the comma in stuff_token_list because stuff_float also skips one
}

// ditto the above, but a vector of floats...
void stuff_float_list(SCP_vector<float>& flp)
{
	stuff_token_list(flp, [](float* buf)->bool {
		stuff_float(buf);
		return true;
	}, "float", false);	// don't skip the comma in stuff_token_list because stuff_float also skips one
}

//	Stuff a vec2d struct, which is 2 floats.
void stuff_vec2d(vec2d* vp)
{
	stuff_float(&vp->x);
	stuff_float(&vp->y);
}

//	Stuff a vec3d struct, which is 3 floats.
void stuff_vec3d(vec3d *vp)
{
	stuff_float(&vp->xyz.x);
	stuff_float(&vp->xyz.y);
	stuff_float(&vp->xyz.z);
}

void stuff_angles_deg_phb(angles* ap) {
	stuff_float(&ap->p);
	stuff_float(&ap->h);
	stuff_float(&ap->b);
	ap->p = fl_radians(ap->p);
	ap->h = fl_radians(ap->h);
	ap->b = fl_radians(ap->b);
}

void stuff_parenthesized_vec2d(vec2d* vp)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	if (*Mp != '(') {
		error_display(1, "Reading parenthesized vec2d.  Found [%c].  Expected '('.\n", *Mp);
		throw parse::ParseException("Syntax error");
	}
	else {
		Mp++;
		stuff_vec2d(vp);
		ignore_white_space();
		if (*Mp != ')') {
			error_display(1, "Reading parenthesized vec2d.  Found [%c].  Expected ')'.\n", *Mp);
			throw parse::ParseException("Syntax error");
		}
		Mp++;
	}
}

void stuff_parenthesized_vec3d(vec3d *vp)
{
	ignore_white_space();

	if (*Mp != '(') {
        error_display(1, "Reading parenthesized vec3d.  Found [%c].  Expected '('.\n", *Mp);
        throw parse::ParseException("Syntax error");
	} else {
		Mp++;
		stuff_vec3d(vp);
		ignore_white_space();
		if (*Mp != ')') {
            error_display(1, "Reading parenthesized vec3d.  Found [%c].  Expected ')'.\n", *Mp);
            throw parse::ParseException("Syntax error");
		}
		Mp++;
	}
}

//	Stuffs vec3d list.  *vlp is an array of vec3ds.
//	This is of the form ( (vec3d)* )
//	  (where * is a kleene star, not a pointer indirection)
// For example, ( (1 2 3) (2 3 4) (2 3 5) )
//		 is a list of three vec3ds.
size_t stuff_vec3d_list(vec3d *vlp, size_t max_vecs)
{
	return stuff_token_list(vlp, max_vecs, [](vec3d *buf)->bool {
		stuff_parenthesized_vec3d(buf);
		return true;
	}, "vec3d");
}

// ditto the above, but a vector of vec3ds...
void stuff_vec3d_list(SCP_vector<vec3d> &vec_list)
{
	stuff_token_list(vec_list, [](vec3d *buf)->bool {
		stuff_parenthesized_vec3d(buf);
		return true;
	}, "vec3d");
}

//	Stuff a matrix, which is 3 vec3ds.
void stuff_matrix(matrix *mp)
{
	stuff_vec3d(&mp->vec.rvec);
	stuff_vec3d(&mp->vec.uvec);
	stuff_vec3d(&mp->vec.fvec);

	// Make sure this matrix is well-behaved.
	vm_fix_matrix(mp);
}

//	Find a required string (*id), then stuff the text of type f_type that
// follows it at *addr.  *strlist[] contains the strings it should try to
// match.
void find_and_stuff(const char *id, int *addr, int f_type, const char *strlist[], size_t max, const char *description)
{
	char	token[128];
	bool checking_ship_classes = (stricmp(id, "$class:") == 0);

	// Goober5000 - don't say errors when we're checking classes because 1) we have more checking to do; and 2) we will say a redundant error later
	required_string(id);
	stuff_string(token, f_type, sizeof(token));
	*addr = string_lookup(token, strlist, max, description, !checking_ship_classes);

	// Goober5000 - handle certain FSPort idiosyncracies with ship classes
	if (*addr < 0 && checking_ship_classes)
	{
		int idx = ship_info_lookup(token);

		if (idx >= 0)
			*addr = string_lookup(Ship_info[idx].name, strlist, max, description, false);
		else
			*addr = -1;
	}
}

void find_and_stuff_optional(const char *id, int *addr, int f_type, const char * const *strlist, size_t max, const char *description)
{
	char token[128];

	if(optional_string(id))
	{
		stuff_string(token, f_type, sizeof(token));
		*addr = string_lookup(token, strlist, max, description, true);
	}
}

//	Mp points at a string.
//	Find the string in the list of strings *strlist[].
// Returns the index of the match, -1 if none.
int match_and_stuff(int f_type, const char * const *strlist, int max, const char *description)
{
	char	token[128];

	stuff_string(token, f_type, sizeof(token));
	return string_lookup(token, strlist, max, description, false);
}

void find_and_stuff_or_add(const char *id, int *addr, int f_type, char *strlist[], int *total,
	int max, const char *description)
{
	char	token[128];

	*addr = -1;
	required_string(id);
	stuff_string(token, f_type, sizeof(token));
	if (*total)
		*addr = string_lookup(token, strlist, *total, description, false);

	if (*addr == -1)  // not in list, so lets try and add it.
	{
		Assert(*total < max);
		strcpy(strlist[*total], token);
		*addr = (*total)++;
	}
}

// pause current parsing so that some else can be parsed without interfering
// with the currently parsing file
void pause_parse()
{
	Bookmark Mark;

	Mark.filename = Current_filename;
	Mark.Mp = Mp;
	Mark.Warning_count = Warning_count;
	Mark.Error_count = Error_count;

	Bookmarks.push_back(std::move(Mark));
}

// unpause parsing to continue with previously parsing file
void unpause_parse()
{
	Assert( !Bookmarks.empty() );
	if (Bookmarks.empty())
		return;

	Bookmark Mark = Bookmarks.back();

	Mp = Mark.Mp;
	Warning_count = Mark.Warning_count;
	Error_count = Mark.Error_count;

	strcpy_s(Current_filename, Mark.filename.c_str());

	Bookmarks.pop_back();
}

void reset_parse(char *text)
{
	if (text != NULL) {
		Mp = text;
	} else {
		Mp = Parse_text;
	}

	Warning_count = 0;
	Error_count = 0;

	strcpy_s(Current_filename, Current_filename_sub);
}

// Display number of warnings and errors at the end of a parse.
void display_parse_diagnostics()
{
	nprintf(("Parse", "\nParse complete.\n"));
	nprintf(("Parse", "%i errors.  %i warnings.\n", Error_count, Warning_count));
}

// Splits a string into 2 lines if the string is wider than max_pixel_w pixels.  A null
// terminator is placed where required to make the first line <= max_pixel_w.  The remaining
// text is returned (leading whitespace removed).  If the line doesn't need to be split,
// NULL is returned.
char *split_str_once(char *src, int max_pixel_w, float scale)
{
	char *brk = nullptr;
	char *word_brk = nullptr; // if we fail, break here (even if its in the middle of a word)
	bool last_was_white = false;

	Assert(src);

	if (max_pixel_w <= 0)
		return src;  // if there's no width, skip everything else

	int w;
	gr_get_string_size(&w, nullptr, src, scale);
	if ( (w <= max_pixel_w) && !strstr(src, "\n") ) {
		return nullptr;  // string doesn't require a cut
	}

	size_t i;
	size_t len = strlen(src);
	for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
		gr_get_string_size(&w, nullptr, src, scale, i + 1);

		if (w <= max_pixel_w) {
			if (src[i] == '\n') {  // reached natural end of line
				src[i] = 0;
				return src + i + 1;
			}
		}
		else if (word_brk == nullptr) {
			word_brk = src + i;
		}

		if (is_white_space(src[i])) {
			if (!last_was_white) {
				// only update the line break if:
				// a) we don't have a line break yet;
				// b) we're still within the required real estate
				// (basically we want the latest line break that doesn't go off the edge of the screen,
				// but if the *first* line break is off the end of the screen, we want that)
				if (brk == nullptr || w <= max_pixel_w) {
					brk = src + i;
				}
			}

			last_was_white = true;

		} else {
			last_was_white = false;
		}
	}

	// if we are over max pixel width and weren't able to come up with a good non-word
	// split then just split the word
	if ( (w > max_pixel_w) && ((i == 0) || !brk) ) {
		return word_brk;
	}

	if (!brk) {
		brk = src + i;
	}

	*brk = 0;
	src = brk + 1;
	while (is_white_space(*src))
		src++;

	if (!*src)
		return nullptr;  // end of the string anyway

	if (*src == '\n')
		src++;

	return src;
}

#define SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE	512

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// split_str()
//
// A general function that will split a string into several lines.  Lines are allowed up
// to max_pixel_w pixels.  Breaks are found in white space.
//
// Supports \n's in the strings!
//
// parameters:		src			=>		source string to be broken up
//						max_pixel_w	=>		max width of line in pixels
//						n_chars		=>		output array that will hold number of characters in each line
//						p_str			=>		output array of pointers to start of lines within src
//						max_lines	=>		limit of number of lines to break src up into
//						ignore_char	=>		OPTIONAL parameter (default val -1).  Ignore words starting with this character
//												This is useful when you want to ignore embedded control information that starts
//												with a specific character, like $ or #
//
//	returns:			number of lines src is broken into
//						-1 is returned when an error occurs
//
int split_str(const char *src, int max_pixel_w, int *n_chars, const char **p_str, int max_lines, int max_line_length, unicode::codepoint_t ignore_char, bool strip_leading_whitespace)
{
	char buffer[SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE];
	const char *breakpoint = NULL;
	int sw, new_line = 1, line_num = 0, last_was_white = 0;
	int ignore_until_whitespace, buf_index;

	// check our assumptions..
	Assert(src != NULL);
	Assert(n_chars != NULL);
	Assert(p_str != NULL);
	Assert(max_lines > 0);
	Assert(max_pixel_w > 0);

	Assertion(max_line_length > 0, "Max line length should be >0, not %d; get a coder!\n", max_line_length);

	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
	buf_index = 0;
	ignore_until_whitespace = 0;

	// get rid of any leading whitespace
	while (strip_leading_whitespace && is_white_space(*src))
		src++;

	new_line = 1;
	p_str[0] = NULL;

	// iterate through chars in line, keeping track of most recent "white space" location that can be used
	// as a line splitting point if necessary
	unicode::codepoint_range range(src);
	auto end_iter = std::end(range);
	auto iter = std::begin(range);
	for (; iter != end_iter; ++iter) {
		auto cp = *iter;

		if (line_num >= max_lines)
			return line_num;  // time to bail out

		// starting a new line of text, init stuff for that
		if (new_line) {
			p_str[line_num] = NULL;
			if (strip_leading_whitespace && is_gray_space(cp))
				continue;

			p_str[line_num] = iter.pos();
			breakpoint = NULL;
			new_line = 0;
		}

		// maybe skip leading whitespace
		if (ignore_until_whitespace) {
			if ( is_white_space(cp) )
				ignore_until_whitespace = 0;

			continue;
		}

		// if we have a newline, split the line here
		if (cp == UNICODE_CHAR('\n')) {
			n_chars[line_num] = (int)(iter.pos() - p_str[line_num]);  // track length of line
			line_num++;
			if (line_num < max_lines) {
				p_str[line_num] = NULL;
			}
			new_line = 1;

			memset(buffer, 0, SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE);
			buf_index = 0;
			continue;
		}

		if (cp == ignore_char) {
			ignore_until_whitespace = 1;
			continue;
		}

		if (is_gray_space(cp)) {
			if (!last_was_white)  // track at first whitespace in a series of whitespace
				breakpoint = iter.pos();

			last_was_white = 1;

		} else {
			// indicate next time around that this wasn't a whitespace character
			last_was_white = 0;
		}

		auto encoded_width = unicode::encoded_size(cp);
		Assertion(buf_index + encoded_width < SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE,
				  "buffer overflow in split_str: screen width causes this text to be longer than %d characters!",
				  SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);

		// throw it in our buffer
		unicode::encode(cp, &buffer[buf_index]);
		buf_index += (int)encoded_width;
		buffer[buf_index] = 0;  // null terminate it

		gr_get_string_size(&sw, NULL, buffer);
		if (sw >= max_pixel_w || buf_index >= max_line_length) {
			const char *end;

			if (breakpoint) {
				end = breakpoint;
				iter = unicode::text_iterator(breakpoint, src, src + strlen(src));

			} else {
				end = iter.pos();  // force a split here since to whitespace
				--iter;  // reuse this character in next line
			}

			n_chars[line_num] = (int)(end - p_str[line_num]);  // track length of line
			Assert(n_chars[line_num]);
			line_num++;
			if (line_num < max_lines) {
				p_str[line_num] = NULL;
			}
			new_line = 1;

			memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
			buf_index = 0;
			continue;
		}
	}	// end for

	if (!new_line && p_str[line_num]) {
		n_chars[line_num] = (int)(iter.pos() - p_str[line_num]);  // track length of line
		Assert(n_chars[line_num]);
		line_num++;
	}

	return line_num;
}

int split_str(const char *src, int max_pixel_w, SCP_vector<int> &n_chars, SCP_vector<const char*> &p_str, int max_line_length, unicode::codepoint_t ignore_char, bool strip_leading_whitespace)
{
	char buffer[SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE];
	const char *breakpoint = NULL;
	int sw, new_line = 1, line_num = 0, last_was_white = 0;
	int ignore_until_whitespace = 0, buf_index = 0;

	// check our assumptions..
	Assert(src != NULL);
	Assert(max_pixel_w > 0);

	Assertion(max_line_length > 0, "Max line length should be >0, not %d; get a coder!\n", max_line_length);

	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));

	// get rid of any leading whitespace
	while (strip_leading_whitespace && is_white_space(*src))
		src++;

	p_str.clear();

	// iterate through chars in line, keeping track of most recent "white space" location that can be used
	// as a line splitting point if necessary
	unicode::codepoint_range range(src);
	auto end_iter = std::end(range);
	auto iter = std::begin(range);
	for (; iter != end_iter; ++iter) {
		auto cp = *iter;

		// starting a new line of text, init stuff for that
		if (new_line) {
			if (strip_leading_whitespace && is_gray_space(cp))
				continue;

			p_str.push_back(iter.pos());
			breakpoint = NULL;
			new_line = 0;
		}

		// maybe skip leading whitespace
		if (ignore_until_whitespace) {
			if ( is_white_space(cp) ) {
				ignore_until_whitespace = 0;

				// don't eat the newline
				if (cp == EOLN)
					--iter;
			}

			continue;
		}

		// if we have a newline, split the line here
		if (cp == UNICODE_CHAR('\n')) {
			n_chars.push_back((int)(iter.pos() - p_str[line_num]));  // track length of line
			line_num++;
			new_line = 1;

			memset(buffer, 0, SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE);
			buf_index = 0;
			continue;
		}

		if (cp == ignore_char) {
			ignore_until_whitespace = 1;
			continue;
		}

		if (is_gray_space(cp)) {
			if (!last_was_white)  // track at first whitespace in a series of whitespace
				breakpoint = iter.pos();

			last_was_white = 1;

		} else {
			// indicate next time around that this wasn't a whitespace character
			last_was_white = 0;
		}

		auto encoded_width = unicode::encoded_size(cp);
		Assertion(buf_index + encoded_width < SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE,
				  "buffer overflow in split_str: screen width causes this text to be longer than %d characters!",
				  SPLIT_STR_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);

		// throw it in our buffer
		unicode::encode(cp, &buffer[buf_index]);
		buf_index += (int)encoded_width;
		buffer[buf_index] = 0;  // null terminate it

		gr_get_string_size(&sw, NULL, buffer);
		if (sw >= max_pixel_w || buf_index >= max_line_length) {
			const char *end;

			if (breakpoint) {
				end = breakpoint;
				iter = unicode::text_iterator(breakpoint, src, src + strlen(src));

			} else {
				end = iter.pos();  // force a split here since to whitespace
				--iter;  // reuse this character in next line
			}

			n_chars.push_back((int)(end - p_str[line_num]));  // track length of line
			Assert(n_chars[line_num]);
			line_num++;
			new_line = 1;

			memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
			buf_index = 0;
			continue;
		}
	}	// end for

	if (!new_line && p_str[line_num]) {
		n_chars.push_back((int)(iter.pos() - p_str[line_num]));  // track length of line
		Assert(n_chars[line_num]);
		line_num++;
	}

	return line_num;
}

// A narrower but much faster alternative to split_str(), takes a string and a max pixel length, returns a vector with
// one pair (offset and length) per line. Does not currently support a max line count or ignoring of characters.
SCP_vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t>> str_wrap_to_width(const SCP_string& source_string, int max_pixel_width, bool strip_leading_whitespace, size_t source_start, size_t source_length)
{
	auto lines = SCP_vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t>>();

	if (source_length == std::string::npos)
		source_length = source_string.length() - source_start;

	Assertion(source_start + source_length <= source_string.length(), "In str_wrap_to_width(), source length must not exceed the actual length of the string!");

	size_t pos_start = source_start;
	size_t pos_end = source_start + source_length;

	// Advance past leading whitespace.
	while (strip_leading_whitespace && (pos_start < pos_end) && is_white_space(source_string[pos_start]))
		pos_start++;

	// Handle existing line breaks in the string recursively, then append the results.
	while (pos_start < pos_end) {
		auto newline_at = source_string.find_first_of(UNICODE_CHAR('\n'), pos_start);
		if (newline_at == std::string::npos || newline_at >= source_length)
			break;

		if (newline_at == pos_start) {
			// No content to split so just pushing a new string on.
			lines.emplace_back(pos_start, 0);
		} else {
			auto sublines = str_wrap_to_width(source_string, max_pixel_width, strip_leading_whitespace, pos_start, (newline_at - pos_start));
			lines.reserve(lines.size() + sublines.size());	// coverity[inefficient_reserve:FALSE]
			std::move(sublines.begin(), sublines.end(), std::back_inserter(lines));
		}

		pos_start = newline_at + 1;
	}

	// With newlines handled, now move into actually wrapping the content.
	while (pos_start < pos_end) {
		auto split_at = std::string::npos;
		// no newlines found, check length.
		size_t stringlen = pos_end - pos_start;
		int line_width = 0;
		gr_get_string_size(&line_width, nullptr, source_string.c_str() + pos_start, 1.0f, stringlen);
		if (stringlen <= 1) {
			// in this case checking is pointless, single-character strings can't wrap.
			// copy into the return vector and then bail.
			lines.emplace_back(pos_start, stringlen);
			break;
		} else if (line_width < max_pixel_width) {
			// The remaining string is shorter than our limit so we're done.
			// copy into the return vector and then bail.
			lines.emplace_back(pos_start, stringlen);
			break;
		} else {
			size_t search_min = 0;
			size_t search_max = stringlen;
			size_t center = 0;
			while (search_max > search_min) {
				center = search_min + ((search_max - search_min) / 2);
				gr_get_string_size(&line_width, nullptr, source_string.c_str() + pos_start, 1.0f, center);
				if (line_width == max_pixel_width) {
					search_max = center;
					search_min = center;
					split_at = center;
				} else if (line_width > max_pixel_width) {
					search_max = MIN(center, search_max - 1);
					split_at = search_max;
				} else {
					search_min = MAX(center, search_min + 1);
					split_at = search_min;
				}
			}
		}

		// don't split out of bounds, but it's ok to split exactly on the string boundary
		if (split_at > stringlen) {
			split_at = stringlen;
		} else if (split_at < stringlen) {
			// split_at is now the last point where we can split, but could be mid-word
			// work backwards to find whitespace.
			while ((split_at > 0) && !is_white_space(source_string[pos_start + split_at]))
				split_at--;

			// we need to always remove something from the current line or we're stuck
			if (split_at == 0)
				split_at = 1;
		}

		lines.emplace_back(pos_start, split_at);
		pos_start += split_at;

		// Trim the leading whitespace off the next line.
		while ((pos_start < pos_end) && is_white_space(source_string[pos_start]))
			pos_start++;
	}

	return lines;
}

SCP_vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t>> str_wrap_to_width(const char* source_string, int max_pixel_width, bool strip_leading_whitespace, size_t source_length)
{
	auto lines = SCP_vector<std::pair<size_t, size_t>>();

	if (source_length == std::string::npos)
		source_length = strlen(source_string);

	Assertion(source_length <= strlen(source_string), "In str_wrap_to_width(), source length must not exceed the actual length of the string!");

	const char* ch_start = source_string;
	const char* ch_end = ch_start + source_length;

	// Advance past leading whitespace.
	while (strip_leading_whitespace && (ch_start < ch_end) && is_white_space(*ch_start))
		ch_start++;

	// Handle existing line breaks in the string recursively, then append the results.
	while (ch_start < ch_end) {
		auto newline_at = strchr(ch_start, UNICODE_CHAR('\n'));
		if (newline_at == nullptr || newline_at >= ch_end)
			break;

		if (newline_at == ch_start) {
			// No content to split so just pushing a new string on.
			lines.emplace_back(ch_start - source_string, 0);
		} else {
			auto sublines = str_wrap_to_width(ch_start, max_pixel_width, strip_leading_whitespace, (newline_at - ch_start));

			// need to adjust the positions to make them relative to the source string
			if (ch_start != source_string)
				for (auto& subline : sublines)
					subline.first += (ch_start - source_string);

			lines.reserve(lines.size() + sublines.size());	// coverity[inefficient_reserve:FALSE]
			std::move(sublines.begin(), sublines.end(), std::back_inserter(lines));
		}

		ch_start = newline_at + 1;
	}

	// With newlines handled, now move into actually wrapping the content.
	while (ch_start < ch_end) {
		auto split_at = std::string::npos;
		// no newlines found, check length.
		size_t stringlen = ch_end - ch_start;
		int line_width = 0;
		gr_get_string_size(&line_width, nullptr, ch_start, 1.0f, stringlen);
		if (stringlen <= 1) {
			// in this case checking is pointless, single-character strings can't wrap.
			// copy into the return vector and then bail.
			lines.emplace_back(ch_start - source_string, stringlen);
			break;
		} else if (line_width < max_pixel_width) {
			// The remaining string is shorter than our limit so we're done.
			// copy into the return vector and then bail.
			lines.emplace_back(ch_start - source_string, stringlen);
			break;
		} else {
			size_t search_min = 0;
			size_t search_max = stringlen;
			size_t center = 0;
			while (search_max > search_min) {
				center = search_min + ((search_max - search_min) / 2);
				gr_get_string_size(&line_width, nullptr, ch_start, 1.0f, center);
				if (line_width == max_pixel_width) {
					search_max = center;
					search_min = center;
					split_at = center;
				} else if (line_width > max_pixel_width) {
					search_max = MIN(center, search_max - 1);
					split_at = search_max;
				} else {
					search_min = MAX(center, search_min + 1);
					split_at = search_min;
				}
			}
		}

		// don't split out of bounds, but it's ok to split exactly on the string boundary
		if (split_at > stringlen) {
			split_at = stringlen;
		} else if (split_at < stringlen) {
			// split_at is now the last point where we can split, but could be mid-word
			// work backwards to find whitespace.
			while ((split_at > 0) && !is_white_space(*(ch_start + split_at)))
				split_at--;

			// we need to always remove something from the current line or we're stuck
			if (split_at == 0)
				split_at = 1;
		}

		lines.emplace_back(ch_start - source_string, split_at);
		ch_start += split_at;

		// Trim the leading whitespace off the next line.
		while ((ch_start < ch_end) && is_white_space(*ch_start))
			ch_start++;
	}

	return lines;
}

// Goober5000
// accounts for the dumb communications != communication, etc.
int subsystem_stricmp(const char *str1, const char *str2)
{
	Assert(str1 && str2);

	// ensure len-1 will be valid
	if (!*str1 || !*str2)
		return stricmp(str1, str2);

	// calc lengths
	auto len1 = (int)strlen(str1);
	auto len2 = (int)strlen(str2);

	// get rid of trailing s on s1?
	if (SCP_tolower(*(str1+len1-1)) == 's')
		len1--;

	// get rid of trailing s on s2?
	if (SCP_tolower(*(str2+len2-1)) == 's')
		len2--;

	// once we remove the trailing s on both names, they should be the same length
	if (len1 == len2)
		return strnicmp(str1, str2, len1);

	// if not, just do a regular comparison
	return stricmp(str1, str2);
}

// Goober5000
// current algorithm adapted from http://www.codeproject.com/string/stringsearch.asp
const char *stristr(const char *str, const char *substr)
{
	// check for null and insanity
	Assert(str);
	Assert(substr);
	if (str == NULL || substr == NULL || *substr == '\0')
		return NULL;

	// save both a lowercase and an uppercase version of the first character of substr
	char substr_ch_lower = SCP_tolower(*substr);
	char substr_ch_upper = SCP_toupper(*substr);

	// find the maximum distance to search
	const char *upper_bound = str + strlen(str) - strlen(substr);

	// loop through every character of str
	for (const char *start = str; start <= upper_bound; start++)
	{
		// check first character of substr
		if ((*start == substr_ch_upper) || (*start == substr_ch_lower))
		{
			// first character matched, so check the rest
			for (const char *str_ch = start+1, *substr_ch = substr+1; *substr_ch != '\0'; str_ch++, substr_ch++)
			{
				// character match?
				if (*str_ch == *substr_ch)
					continue;

				// converted character match?
				if (SCP_tolower(*str_ch) == SCP_tolower(*substr_ch))
					continue;

				// mismatch
				goto stristr_continue_outer_loop;
			}

			// finished inner loop with success!
			return start;
		}

stristr_continue_outer_loop:
		/* NO-OP */ ;
	}

	// no match
	return NULL;
}

// non-const version
char *stristr(char *str, const char *substr)
{
	// check for null and insanity
	Assert(str);
	Assert(substr);
	if (str == NULL || substr == NULL || *substr == '\0')
		return NULL;

	// save both a lowercase and an uppercase version of the first character of substr
	char substr_ch_lower = SCP_tolower(*substr);
	char substr_ch_upper = SCP_toupper(*substr);

	// find the maximum distance to search
	const char *upper_bound = str + strlen(str) - strlen(substr);

	// loop through every character of str
	for (char *start = str; start <= upper_bound; start++)
	{
		// check first character of substr
		if ((*start == substr_ch_upper) || (*start == substr_ch_lower))
		{
			// first character matched, so check the rest
			for (const char *str_ch = start+1, *substr_ch = substr+1; *substr_ch != '\0'; str_ch++, substr_ch++)
			{
				// character match?
				if (*str_ch == *substr_ch)
					continue;

				// converted character match?
				if (SCP_tolower(*str_ch) == SCP_tolower(*substr_ch))
					continue;

				// mismatch
				goto stristr_continue_outer_loop;
			}

			// finished inner loop with success!
			return start;
		}

stristr_continue_outer_loop:
		/* NO-OP */ ;
	}

	// no match
	return NULL;
}

// Goober5000
bool can_construe_as_integer(const char *text)
{
	// trivial case; evaluates to 0
	if (*text == '\0')
		return true;

	// number sign or digit for first char
	if ((*text != '+') && (*text != '-') && !isdigit(*text))
		return false;

	// check digits for rest
	for (const char *p = text + 1; *p != '\0'; p++)
	{
		if (!isdigit(*p))
			return false;
	}

	return true;
}

// Goober5000
// yoinked gratefully from dbugfile.cpp
void vsprintf(SCP_string &dest, const char *format, va_list ap, size_t write_offset)
{
	va_list copy;
	va_copy(copy, ap);
	int needed_length = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, format, copy);
	va_end(copy);

	if (needed_length < 0) {
		// Error
		return;
	}

	dest.resize(write_offset + i2sz(needed_length));
	vsnprintf(&dest[write_offset], i2sz(needed_length) + 1, format, ap);
}

void sprintf(SCP_string &dest, SCP_FORMAT_STRING const char *format, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, format);
	vsprintf(dest, format, args);
	va_end(args);
}

void sprintf_concat(SCP_string &dest, SCP_FORMAT_STRING const char *format, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, format);
	vsprintf(dest, format, args, dest.size());
	va_end(args);
}

// Goober5000
bool end_string_at_first_hash_symbol(char *src, bool ignore_doubled_hash)
{
	char *p;
	Assert(src);

	p = get_pointer_to_first_hash_symbol(src, ignore_doubled_hash);
	if (p)
	{
		while ((p != src) && (*(p-1) == ' '))
			p--;

		*p = '\0';
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

// Goober5000
bool end_string_at_first_hash_symbol(SCP_string &src, bool ignore_doubled_hash)
{
	int index = get_index_of_first_hash_symbol(src, ignore_doubled_hash);
	if (index >= 0)
	{
		while (index > 0 && src[index-1] == ' ')
			index--;

		src.resize(index);
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

// Goober5000
char *get_pointer_to_first_hash_symbol(char *src, bool ignore_doubled_hash)
{
	Assert(src);

	if (ignore_doubled_hash)
	{
		for (auto ch = src; *ch; ++ch)
		{
			if (*ch == '#')
			{
				if (*(ch + 1) == '#')
					++ch;
				else
					return ch;
			}
		}
		return nullptr;
	}
	else
		return strchr(src, '#');
}

// Goober5000
const char *get_pointer_to_first_hash_symbol(const char *src, bool ignore_doubled_hash)
{
	Assert(src);

	if (ignore_doubled_hash)
	{
		for (auto ch = src; *ch; ++ch)
		{
			if (*ch == '#')
			{
				if (*(ch + 1) == '#')
					++ch;
				else
					return ch;
			}
		}
		return nullptr;
	}
	else
		return strchr(src, '#');
}

// Goober5000
int get_index_of_first_hash_symbol(const SCP_string &src, bool ignore_doubled_hash)
{
	if (ignore_doubled_hash)
	{
		for (auto ch = src.begin(); ch != src.end(); ++ch)
		{
			if (*ch == '#')
			{
				if ((ch + 1) != src.end() && *(ch + 1) == '#')
					++ch;
				else
					return static_cast<int>(std::distance(src.begin(), ch));
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{
		size_t pos = src.find('#');
		return (pos == SCP_string::npos) ? -1 : (int)pos;
	}
}

// Goober5000
// Used for escape sequences: ## to #, !! to !, etc.
void consolidate_double_characters(char *src, char ch)
{
	auto dest = src;
	while (*src)
	{
		if (*src == ch && *(src + 1) == ch)
			--dest;

		++src;
		++dest;

		if (src != dest)
			*dest = *src;
	}
}

// Goober5000
// Used for escape sequences: ## to #, !! to !, etc.
void consolidate_double_characters(SCP_string &str, char ch)
{
	auto src = str.begin();
	auto dest = src;
	while (src != str.end())
	{
		if (*src == ch && *(src + 1) == ch)
			--dest;

		++src;
		++dest;

		if (src != dest && src != str.end())
			*dest = *src;
	}

	if (src != dest)
		str.resize(dest - str.begin());
}

char *three_dot_truncate(char *buffer, const char *source, size_t buffer_size)
{
	Assertion(buffer && source, "Arguments must not be null!");

	// this would be silly
	if (buffer_size < 6)
	{
		*buffer = '\0';
		return buffer;
	}

	strncpy(buffer, source, buffer_size);
	if (buffer[buffer_size - 1] != '\0')
		strcpy(&buffer[buffer_size - 6], "[...]");

	return buffer;
}

// Goober5000
// Returns position of replacement, or a negative value if replacement failed: -1 if search string was not found, -2 if replacement would exceed max length, or -3 if any string argument is null
// Note that the parameter here is max *length*, not max buffer size.  Leave room for the null-terminator!
ptrdiff_t replace_one(char *str, const char *oldstr, const char *newstr, size_t max_len, ptrdiff_t range)
{
	Assertion(str && oldstr && newstr, "Arguments must not be null!");
	Assertion(max_len < SIZE_MAX, "Size must be less than SIZE_MAX because an extra char is added for the null terminator.");
	if (!str || !oldstr || !newstr || max_len == SIZE_MAX)
		return -3;

	// search
	char *ch = stristr(str, oldstr);

	// found?
	if (ch)
	{
		// not found within bounds?
		if ((range > 0) && ((ch - str) > range))
		{
			return -1;
		}

		// determine if replacement will exceed max len
		if (strlen(str) + strlen(newstr) - strlen(oldstr) > max_len)
		{
			return -2;
		}

		// allocate temp string to hold extra stuff
		char *temp = (char *) vm_malloc(sizeof(char) * (max_len + 1));

		// ensure allocation was successful
		if (temp)
		{
			// save remainder of string
			strcpy(temp, ch + strlen(oldstr));

			// replace
			strcpy(ch, newstr);

			// append rest of string
			strcpy(ch + strlen(newstr), temp);
		}

		// free temp string
		vm_free(temp);
	}
	// not found
	else
	{
		return -1;
	}

	// return pos of replacement
	return (ch - str);
}

// Goober5000
// Returns number of replacements or a negative result from replace_one if a replacement failed for some reason other than not found
// Note that the parameter here is max *length*, not max buffer size.  Leave room for the null-terminator!
int replace_all(char *str, const char *oldstr, const char *newstr, size_t max_len, ptrdiff_t range)
{
	ptrdiff_t val;
	int tally = 0;

	while ((val = replace_one(str, oldstr, newstr, max_len, range)) >= 0)
	{
		tally++;

		// adjust range (if we have one), because the text length might have changed
		if (range) {
			range += strlen(newstr) - strlen(oldstr);
		}
	}

	// return the tally, even if it's 0, unless there was an exceptional situation like exceeding max len
	return (val < -1) ? (int)val : tally;
}

// Goober5000
// Returns position of replacement, or -1 if search string was not found
ptrdiff_t replace_one(SCP_string& context, const SCP_string& from, const SCP_string& to)
{
	size_t foundHere;
	if ((foundHere = context.find(from, 0)) != SCP_string::npos)
	{
		context.replace(foundHere, from.length(), to);
		return foundHere;
	}
	else
		return -1;
}

// Goober5000
// Returns position of replacement, or -1 if search string was not found
ptrdiff_t replace_one(SCP_string& context, const char* from, const char* to)
{
	size_t foundHere;
	if ((foundHere = context.find(from, 0)) != SCP_string::npos)
	{
		context.replace(foundHere, strlen(from), to);
		return foundHere;
	}
	else
		return -1;
}

// Goober5000
// Returns number of replacements
// http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/replace
int replace_all(SCP_string& context, const SCP_string& from, const SCP_string& to)
{
	size_t from_len = from.length();
	size_t to_len = to.length();

	size_t lookHere = 0;
	size_t foundHere;
	int tally = 0;

	while ((foundHere = context.find(from, lookHere)) != SCP_string::npos)
	{
		tally++;

		context.replace(foundHere, from_len, to);
		lookHere = foundHere + to_len;
	}

	return tally;
}

// Goober5000
// Returns number of replacements
// http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/replace
int replace_all(SCP_string& context, const char* from, const char* to)
{
	size_t from_len = strlen(from);
	size_t to_len = strlen(to);

	size_t lookHere = 0;
	size_t foundHere;
	int tally = 0;

	while ((foundHere = context.find(from, lookHere)) != SCP_string::npos)
	{
		tally++;

		context.replace(foundHere, from_len, to);
		lookHere = foundHere + to_len;
	}

	return tally;
}

// WMC
// Compares two strings, ignoring (last) extension
// Returns 0 if equal, nonzero if not
int strextcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
	// sanity check
	Assert( (s1 != NULL) && (s2 != NULL) );

	// find last '.' in both strings
	char *s1_end = (char *)strrchr(s1, '.');
	char *s2_end = (char *)strrchr(s2, '.');

	// get length
	size_t s1_len, s2_len;

	if (s1_end != NULL)
		s1_len = (s1_end - s1);
	else
		s1_len = strlen(s1);

	if (s2_end != NULL)
		s2_len = (s2_end - s2);
	else
		s2_len = strlen(s2);

	// if the lengths aren't the same then it's deffinitely not the same name
	if (s2_len != s1_len)
		return 1;

	return strnicmp(s1, s2, s1_len);
}

// Goober5000
bool drop_extension(char *str)
{
	char *p = strrchr(str, '.');
	if (p != NULL)
	{
		*p = 0;
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

// Goober5000
bool drop_extension(SCP_string &str)
{
	size_t pos = str.rfind('.');
	if (pos != SCP_string::npos)
	{
		str.resize(pos);
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

//WMC
void backspace(char* src)
{
	Assert(src!= NULL);		//this would be bad

	char *dest = src;
	src++;

	while(*src != '\0') {
		*dest++ = *src++;
	}

	*dest = '\0';
}

// Goober5000
void format_integer_with_commas(char *buf, int integer, bool use_comma_with_four_digits)
{
	int old_pos, new_pos, triad_count;
	char backward_buf[32];

	// print an initial string of just the digits
	sprintf(buf, "%d", integer);

	// no commas needed?
	if ((integer < 1000) || (integer < 10000 && !use_comma_with_four_digits))
		return;

	// scan the string backwards, writing commas after every third digit
	new_pos = 0;
	triad_count = 0;
	for (old_pos = (int)strlen(buf) - 1; old_pos >= 0; old_pos--)
	{
		backward_buf[new_pos] = buf[old_pos];
		new_pos++;
		triad_count++;

		if (triad_count == 3 && old_pos > 0)
		{
			backward_buf[new_pos] = ',';
			new_pos++;
			triad_count = 0;
		}
	}
	backward_buf[new_pos] = '\0';

	// now reverse the string
	new_pos = 0;
	for (old_pos = (int)strlen(backward_buf) - 1; old_pos >= 0; old_pos--)
	{
		buf[new_pos] = backward_buf[old_pos];
		new_pos++;
	}
	buf[new_pos] = '\0';
}

// Goober5000
// there's probably a better way to do this, but this way works and is clear and short
int scan_fso_version_string(const char *text, int *major, int *minor, int *build, int *revis)
{
	int val;

	val = sscanf(text, ";;FSO %i.%i.%i.%i;;", major, minor, build, revis);
	if (val == 4)
		return val;

	*revis = 0;
	val = sscanf(text, ";;FSO %i.%i.%i;;", major, minor, build);
	if (val == 3)
		return val;

	*build = *revis = 0;
	val = sscanf(text, ";;FSO %i.%i;;", major, minor);
	if (val == 2)
		return val;

	*minor = *build = *revis = 0;
	val = sscanf(text, ";;FSO %i;;", major);
	if (val == 1)
		return val;

	*major = *minor = *build = *revis = 0;
	return 0;
}

// Goober5000 - used for long Warnings, Errors, and FRED error messages with SEXPs
void truncate_message_lines(SCP_string &text, int num_allowed_lines)
{
	Assert(num_allowed_lines > 0);
	size_t find_from = 0;

	while (find_from < text.size())
	{
		if (num_allowed_lines <= 0)
		{
			text.resize(find_from);
			text.append("[...]");
			break;
		}

		size_t pos = text.find('\n', find_from);
		if (pos == SCP_string::npos)
			break;

		num_allowed_lines--;
		find_from = pos + 1;
	}
}

// Goober5000 - ugh, I can't see why they didn't just use stuff_*_list for these;
// the only difference is the lack of parentheses

// from aicode.cpp
// Stuff a list of floats at *plist.
void parse_float_list(float *plist, size_t size)
{
	for (size_t i=0; i<size; i++)
	{
		stuff_float(&plist[i]);
	}
}

// from aicode.cpp
// Stuff a list of ints at *plist.
void parse_int_list(int *ilist, size_t size)
{
	for (size_t i=0; i<size; i++)
	{
		stuff_int(&ilist[i]);
	}
}

void parse_string_map(SCP_map<SCP_string, SCP_string>& outMap, const char* end_marker, const char* entry_prefix)
{
	while(optional_string(entry_prefix)) 
	{
		SCP_string temp;
		stuff_string(temp, F_RAW);
		
		drop_white_space(temp);
		
		if (temp.empty()) 
		{
			Warning(LOCATION, "Empty entry in string map.");
			continue;
		}
		
		size_t sep = temp.find_first_of(' ');

		SCP_string key = temp.substr(0, sep);
		SCP_string value = temp.substr(sep+1);
	
		//if the modder didn't add a value, make the value an empty string. (Without this, value would instead be an identical string to key)
		if (sep == SCP_string::npos)
			value = "";

		
		drop_white_space(key);
		drop_white_space(value);

		outMap.emplace(key, value);
	}
	required_string(end_marker);
}

// parse a modular table of type "name_check" and parse it using the specified function callback
int parse_modular_table(const char *name_check, void (*parse_callback)(const char *filename), int path_type, int sort_type)
{
	SCP_vector<SCP_string> tbl_file_names;
	int i, num_files = 0;

	Assertion( (name_check != nullptr) && (parse_callback != nullptr) && ((*name_check) == '*'), "parse_modular_table() called with invalid arguments; get a coder!\n");
	if ( (name_check == nullptr) || (parse_callback == nullptr) || ((*name_check) != '*') ) {
		return 0;
	}

	num_files = cf_get_file_list(tbl_file_names, path_type, name_check, sort_type);

	Parsing_modular_table = true;

	const auto ext = strrchr(name_check, '.');

	for (i = 0; i < num_files; i++){
		if (ext != nullptr) {
			tbl_file_names[i] += ext;
		}
		mprintf(("TBM  =>  Starting parse of '%s' ...\n", tbl_file_names[i].c_str()));
		(*parse_callback)(tbl_file_names[i].c_str());
	}

	Parsing_modular_table = false;

	return num_files;
}