Docker-OSX

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Run Mac in a Docker container! Run near native OSX-KVM in Docker! X11 Forwarding!

Author: Sick.Codes https://sick.codes/ & https://twitter.com/sickcodes

PR & Contributor Credits: https://github.com/sickcodes/Docker-OSX/blob/master/CREDITS.md

Docker Hub: https://hub.docker.com/r/sickcodes/docker-osx

Quick Start Docker-OSX

docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    -p 50922:10022 \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
    sickcodes/docker-osx:latest

# Wait 2-3 minutes until you see the logo.

Features Coming in v3.0

• Fully automated installation.
• Ready-to-go instances.

Features In Docker-OSX v2.7

• Kubernetes Helm Chart. See ./helm
• OSX-KVM
• X11 Forwarding
• SSH on localhost:50922
• QEMU
• VNC on localhost:8888 vnc version is inside a separate directory
• Create an ARMY using docker commit
• XFVB HEADLESS (use vnc)

All Pull Requests Welcome!

Docker-OSX is a GPLv3+ Dockerfile and we need contributors just like you :).

Upstream: https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM && the great guy @kholia

Upstream Credits (OSX-KVM project) among many others: https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM/blob/master/CREDITS.md

Other cool Docker-QEMU based projects:

Run iOS in a Docker with Docker-eyeOS - https://github.com/sickcodes/Docker-eyeOS

Run Docker-OSX

docker pull sickcodes/docker-osx:latest

docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    --device /dev/snd \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
    sickcodes/docker-osx:latest

# press ctrl G if your mouse gets stuck

# scroll down to troubleshooting if you have problems

# need more RAM and SSH on localhost -p 50922?

Run but allow SSH into OSX!

docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    --device /dev/snd \
    -e RAM=4 \
    -p 50922:10022 \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
    sickcodes/docker-osx:latest 

# turn on SSH after you've installed OSX in the "Sharing" settings.
ssh fullname@localhost -p 50922

Autoboot into OSX after you've installed everything

# find you containerID
docker ps

# move the no picker script on top of the Launch script
# NEW CONTAINERS
docker exec containerID mv ./Launch-nopicker.sh ./Launch.sh

# VNC-VERSION-CONTAINER
docker exec containerID mv ./Launch-nopicker.sh ./Launch_custom.sh

# LEGACY CONTAINERS
docker exec containerID bash -c "grep -v InstallMedia ./Launch.sh > ./Launch-nopicker.sh
chmod +x ./Launch-nopicker.sh
sed -i -e s/OpenCore\.qcow2/OpenCore\-nopicker\.qcow2/ ./Launch-nopicker.sh
"

Requirements: KVM on the host

Need to turn on hardware virtualization in your BIOS, very easy to do.

Then have QEMU on the host if you haven't already

# ARCH
sudo pacman -S qemu libvirt dnsmasq virt-manager bridge-utils flex bison iptables-nft edk2-ovmf

# UBUNTU DEBIAN
sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virt-manager

# CENTOS RHEL FEDORA
sudo yum install libvirt qemu-kvm

# then run
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd.service
sudo systemctl enable virtlogd.service

sudo modprobe kvm

# reboot

Start the same container later (persistent disk)

This is for when you want to run the SAME container again later.

If you don't run this you will have a new image every time.

# look at your recent containers and copy the CONTAINER ID
docker ps --all

# docker start the container ID
docker start abc123xyz567

# if you have many containers, you can try automate it with filters like this
# docker ps --all --filter "ancestor=sickcodes/docker-osx"
# for locally tagged/built containers
# docker ps --all --filter "ancestor=docker-osx"

Additional Boot Instructions

• Boot the macOS Base System

• Click Disk Utility

• Erase the BIGGEST disk (around 200gb default), DO NOT MODIFY THE SMALLER DISKS. -- if you can't click erase, you may need to reduce the disk size by 1kb

• (optional) Create a partition using the unused space to house the OS and your files if you want to limit the capacity. (For Xcode 12 partition at least 60gb.)

• Click Reinstall macOS

Creating images:

# You can create an image of an already configured and setup container.
# This allows you to effectively duplicate a system.
# To do this, run the following commands

# make note of your container id
docker ps --all 
docker commit containerid newImageName

# To run this image do the following
docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    --device /dev/snd \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    newImageName

Troubleshooting

libgtk permissions denied error, thanks @raoulh + @arsham

echo $DISPLAY

# ARCH
sudo pacman -S xorg-xhost

# UBUNTU DEBIAN
sudo apt install x11-xserver-utils

# CENTOS RHEL FEDORA
sudo yum install xorg-x11-server-utils

# then run
xhost +

PulseAudio for sound (note neither AppleALC and varying alcid or VoodooHDA-OC have codec support though IORegistryExplorer does show the controller component working):

docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    -e AUDIO_DRIVER=pa,server=unix:/tmp/pulseaudio.socket \
    -v "/run/user/$(id -u)/pulse/native:/tmp/pulseaudio.socket" \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    sickcodes/docker-osx

PulseAudio debugging:

docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    -e AUDIO_DRIVER=pa,server=unix:/tmp/pulseaudio.socket \
    -v "/run/user/$(id -u)/pulse/native:/tmp/pulseaudio.socket" \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -e PULSE_SERVER=unix:/tmp/pulseaudio.socket \
    sickcodes/docker-osx pactl list

Alternative run, thanks @roryrjb

docker run \
    --privileged \
    --net host \
    --cap-add=ALL \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    -v /dev:/dev \
    -v /lib/modules:/lib/modules \
    sickcodes/docker-osx

Check if your hardware virt is on

egrep -c '(svm|vmx)' /proc/cpuinfo

Try adding yourself to the docker group

sudo usermod -aG docker "${USER}"

Turn on docker daemon

# run ad hoc
sudo dockerd

# or daemonize it
sudo nohup dockerd &

# or enable it in systemd
sudo systemctl enable docker

How to Enable Network Forwarding

Allow ipv4 forwarding for bridged networking connections:

This is not required for LOCAL installations and may cause containers behind VPN's to leak host IP.

If you are connecting to a REMOTE Docker-OSX, e.g. a "Mac Mini" in a datacenter, then this may boost networking:

# enable for current session
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# OR
# sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward <<< 1

# enable permanently
sudo touch /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

# OR edit manually
nano /etc/sysctl.conf || vi /etc/sysctl.conf || vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# now reboot

How to install Docker if you don't have Docker already

### Arch
sudo pacman -S docker
sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker "${USER}"

### Ubuntu

sudo apt remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc -y
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common -y
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -
apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update -y
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker "${USER}"

Fedora: if you have no internet connectivity from the VM, and you are using bridge networking:

# Set the docker0 bridge to the trusted zone
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=trusted --add-interface=docker0
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Backup the disk (Where's my disk?)

You can use docker cp

# docker copy your image OUT of your container (warning, double disk space)
docker cp oldcontainerid:/home/arch/OSX-KVM/mac_hdd_ng.img .

Or if you lost your container, find it with this:

# fast way, find 10 gigabyte OSX disks hiding in your docker container storage
sudo find /var/lib/docker -size +10G | grep mac_hdd_ng.img

# you can move (mv) it somewhere, using cp can take loads of disk space
sudo mv somedir/mac_hdd_ng.img .

Use an Old Docker-OSX Disk in a Fresh Container (Replication)

You do not have to reinstall everything, you can simply:

• start a new container

• overwrite the .img in the new container with your big old one

# start a new docker-osx container
# you can start with ssh, without, or vnc, because they are all interchangable.

# get the NEW container id
docker ps

# docker cp your OLD disk into the NEW container
docker cp ./mac_hdd_ng.img newcontainerid:/home/arch/OSX-KVM/mac_hdd_ng.img

# kill the NEW container
docker kill newcontainerid

# start the NEW container and it just works
docker start newcontainerid

DESTROY: Wipe old images to free disk space

This is useful for getting disk space back.

It will delete ALL your old (and new) docker containers.

# WARNING deletes all old images, but saves disk space if you make too many containers
# The following command will make your containers RIP
docker system prune --all
docker image prune --all

INSTANT OSX-KVM in a BOX!

This Dockerfile automates the installation of OSX-KVM inside a docker container.

It will build a Catalina Disk with up to 200GB of space.

You can change the size and version using build arguments (see below).

This file builds on top of the work done by Dhiru Kholia and many others on the OSX-KVM project.

CI/CD Related Improvements

How to reduce the size of the image

• Start up the container as usual, and remove unnecessary files. A useful way to do this is to use du -sh * starting from the / directory, and find large directories where files can be removed. E.g. unnecessary cached files, Xcode platforms, etc.
• Once you are satisfied with the amount of free space, enable trim with sudo trimforce enable, and reboot.
• Zero out the empty space on the disk with dd if=/dev/zero of=./empty && rm -f empty
• Shut down the VM and copy out the qcow image with docker cp stoppedcontainer:/home/arch/OSX-KVM/mac_hdd_ng.img .
• Run qemu-img check -r all mac_hdd_ng.img to fix any errors.
• Run qemu-img convert -O qcow2 mac_hdd_ng.img deduped.img and check for errors again
• OPTIONAL: Run qemu-img -c -O qcow2 deduped.img compressed.img to further compress the image. This may reduce the runtime speed though, but it should reduce the size by roughly 25%.
• Check for errors again, and build a fresh docker image. E.g. with this Dockerfile

FROM sickcodes/docker-osx
USER arch
COPY --chown=arch ./deduped.img /home/arch/OSX-KVM/mac_hdd_ng.img

How to run in headless mode

First make sure autoboot is enabled

Next, you will want to set up SSH to be automatically started.

sudo systemsetup -setremotelogin on

Make sure to commit the new docker image and save it, or rebuild as described in the section on reducing disk space.

Then run it with these arguments.

# Run with the -nographic flag, and enable a telnet interface
  docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    -p 50922:10022 \
    -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
    -e EXTRA="-monitor telnet::45454,server,nowait -nographic -serial null" \
    mycustomimage

Optionally, you can enable the SPICE protocol, which allows you to use remote-viewer to access it rather than VNC.

Note: -disable-ticketing will allow unauthenticated access to the VM. See the spice manual for help setting up authenticated access ("Ticketing").

  docker run \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    -p 50922:10022 \
    -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
    -e EXTRA="-monitor telnet::45454,server,nowait -nographic -serial null -spice disable-ticketing,port=3001" \
    mycustomimage

Then simply do remote-viewer spice://localhost:3001 and add --spice-debug for debugging.

Custom Build or Local Development

If you are building Docker-OSX locally, you will want to use Arch Linux mirrors.

Mirror locations can be found here (use 2 letter country codes): https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/all/

docker build -t docker-osx:latest \
    --build-arg RANKMIRRORS=yes \
    --build-arg MIRROR_COUNTRY=US \
    --build-arg MIRROR_COUNT=10 \
    --build-arg VERSION=10.15.6 \
    --build-arg SIZE=200G .

Custom QEMU Arguments (passthrough devices)

Pass any devices/directories to the Docker container & the QEMU arguments using the handy -e EXTRA= runtime options.

docker run \
    -e RAM=4 \
    -e SMP=4 \
    -e CORES=4 \
    -e EXTRA='-usb -device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostaddr=8' \
    -e INTERNAL_SSH_PORT=23 \
    --device /dev/kvm \
    --device /dev/snd \
    -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
    docker-osx:latest

Allow USB passthrough

The simplest way to do this is the following:

First of all, in order to do this, QEMU must be started as root. It is also potentially possible to do this by changing the permissions of the device in the container. See here.

For example, create a new Dockerfile with the following

FROM sickcodes/docker-osx
USER arch
RUN sed -i -e s/exec\ qemu/exec\ sudo\ qemu/ ./Launch.sh
COPY --chown=arch ./new_image.img /home/arch/OSX-KVM/mac_hdd_ng.img

Where new_image.img is the qcow2 image you extracted. Then rebuild with docker build .

Find out the bus and port numbers of your USB device which you want to pass through to the VM.

lsusb -t
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/12p, 480M
    |__ Port 2: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
    |__ Port 2: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Chip/SmartCard, Driver=, 12M
    |__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=, 12M
    |__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=, 12M
    |__ Port 5: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
    |__ Port 5: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M

In this example, we want to pass through a smartcard device. The device we want is on bus 1 and port 2.

There may also be differences if your device is usb 2.0 (ehci) vs usb 3.0 (xhci). See here for more details.

# hostbus and hostport correspond to the numbers from lsusb
# runs in privileged mode to enable access to the usb devices.
docker run \
  --privileged \
  --device /dev/kvm \
  -e RAM=4 \
  -p 50922:10022 \
  -e "DISPLAY=${DISPLAY:-:0.0}" \
  -e EXTRA="-device virtio-serial-pci -device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostport=2" \
  mycustomimage

You should see the device show up when you do system_profiler SPUSBDataType in the MacOS shell.

Important Note: this will cause the host system to lose access to the USB device while the VM is running!

What is ${DISPLAY:-:0.0}?

$DISPLAY is the shell variable that refers to your X11 display server.

${DISPLAY} is the same, but allows you to join variables like this:

• e.g. ${DISPLAY}_${DISPLAY} would print :0.0_:0.0
• e.g. $DISPLAY_$DISPLAY would print :0.0

...because $DISPLAY_ is not $DISPLAY

${variable:-fallback} allows you to set a "fallback" variable to be substituted if $variable is not set.

You can also use ${variable:=fallback} to set that variable (in your current terminal).

In Docker-OSX, we assume, :0.0 is your default $DISPLAY variable.

You can see what yours is

echo $DISPLAY

Hence, ${DISPLAY:-:0.0} will use whatever variable your X11 server has set for you, else :0.0

What is -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix?

-v is a Docker command-line option that lets you pass a volume to the container.

The directory that we are letting the Docker container use is a X server display socket.

/tmp/.X11-unix

If we let the Docker container use the same display socket as our own environment, then any applications you run inside the Docker container will show up on your screen too! https://www.x.org/archive/X11R6.8.0/doc/RELNOTES5.html

Todo:

- Security Documentation
- GPU Acceleration: Coming Soon
- Virt-manager