// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and Contributors (https://dotnetfoundation.org/ & https://stride3d.net) and Silicon Studio Corp. (https://www.siliconstudio.co.jp)
// Distributed under the MIT license. See the LICENSE.md file in the project root for more information.

using Stride.Core.MicroThreading;

namespace Stride.Core;

/// <summary>
/// An hybrid lock that allows to do asynchrounous work when acquired from a <see cref="MicroThread"/>, and still allow to await for acquisition out of a
/// microthread. This lock support re-entrancy.
/// </summary>
public class MicroThreadLock : IDisposable
{
    private readonly MicroThreadLocal<MicroThreadAsyncLock> asyncLocks = new();
    private readonly Queue<MicroThreadLockBase> lockQueue = [];
    private readonly object syncLock = new();
    private int currentSyncLockThread;
    private MicroThreadSyncLock currentSyncLock;
    private bool isDisposed;

    /// <inheritdoc/>
    public void Dispose()
    {
        isDisposed = true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reserves the lock in order to use synchronous locking. The lock will be bound to the calling thread and therefore should be released on the same thread.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>A task that completes when the lock is reserved. The result of the task is an <see cref="ISyncLockable"/> object allowing to do the lock.</returns>
    public async Task<ISyncLockable> ReserveSyncLock()
    {
#if NET7_0_OR_GREATER
        ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(isDisposed, this);
#else
        if (isDisposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(MicroThreadLock));
#endif

        // If we already acquired the lock in this thread, we're just re-entering
        if (currentSyncLockThread == Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId)
        {
            var currentLock = currentSyncLock;
            // Reentering will happen in the Lock() method
            return currentLock;
        }

        // Select the proper type of lock depending on whether we're in a micro-thread or not.
        var newLock = new MicroThreadSyncLock(this);
        AcquireOrEnqueue(newLock);
        await newLock.Acquired;

        // In the case of sync, we need to register in the proper thread, so call to Register() is defered to later.
        return newLock;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Acquires an asynchronous lock. The lock will be tied to the current <see cref="MicroThread"/> to allow re-entrancy.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>A task that completes when the lock is acquired.</returns>
    /// <remarks>This way of acquiring the lock is only valid when in a <see cref="MicroThread"/>.</remarks>
    public async Task<IDisposable> LockAsync()
    {
        if (Scheduler.CurrentMicroThread == null) throw new InvalidOperationException($"Aynchronous lock can only be acquired from a micro-thread. Use {nameof(ReserveSyncLock)}.");
#if NET7_0_OR_GREATER
        ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(isDisposed, this);
#else
        if (isDisposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(MicroThreadLock));
#endif

        // If we already acquired the lock in this micro-thread, we're just re-entering
        if (asyncLocks.IsValueCreated && asyncLocks.Value != null)
        {
            var currentLock = asyncLocks.Value;
            currentLock.Reenter();
            return currentLock;
        }

        // Select the proper type of lock depending on whether we're in a micro-thread or not.
        var newLock = new MicroThreadAsyncLock(this);
        AcquireOrEnqueue(newLock);
        await newLock.Acquired;

        // In the case of async we can register immediately after acquiring. For sync, we need to register in the proper thread.
        newLock.Register();

        return newLock;
    }

    private void AcquireOrEnqueue(MicroThreadLockBase lockToAcquire)
    {
        lock (lockQueue)
        {
            if (lockQueue.Count == 0)
            {
                // Nothing else is in the queue, let's acquire immediately.
                lockToAcquire.Acquire();
            }
            // Let's enqueue this new lock so it can be notified by the previous lock when it can be acquired.
            lockQueue.Enqueue(lockToAcquire);
        }
    }

    private abstract class MicroThreadLockBase : IDisposable
    {
        protected readonly MicroThreadLock MicroThreadLock;
        private readonly TaskCompletionSource<int> acquisition;
        private int reentrancy;

        protected MicroThreadLockBase(MicroThreadLock microThreadLock)
        {
            MicroThreadLock = microThreadLock;
            acquisition = new TaskCompletionSource<int>();
        }

        public Task Acquired => acquisition.Task;

        public virtual void Dispose()
        {
            if (reentrancy == 0)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Trying to dispose a lock that has already been released.");

            --reentrancy;
            if (reentrancy == 0)
            {
                Release();
                lock (MicroThreadLock.lockQueue)
                {
                    // Remove ourself from the queue.
                    var thisLock = MicroThreadLock.lockQueue.Dequeue();
                    if (thisLock != this) throw new InvalidOperationException("The first lock in the queue was not the current lock");
                    // If another lock is waiting, let's acquire it
                    if (MicroThreadLock.lockQueue.Count > 0)
                    {
                        var nextLock = MicroThreadLock.lockQueue.Peek();
                        nextLock.Acquire();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        internal void Acquire()
        {
            if (reentrancy != 0) throw new InvalidOperationException("Trying to enter a lock that has already been entered");
            ++reentrancy;
            acquisition.SetResult(0);
        }

        internal virtual void Reenter()
        {
            if (!acquisition.Task.IsCompleted) throw new InvalidOperationException("Trying to reenter a lock that has not yet been acquired");
            ++reentrancy;
        }

        internal abstract void Release();
    }

    private class MicroThreadAsyncLock : MicroThreadLockBase
    {
        public MicroThreadAsyncLock(MicroThreadLock microThreadLock)
            : base(microThreadLock)
        {
        }

        internal void Register()
        {
            MicroThreadLock.asyncLocks.Value = this;
        }

        internal override void Release()
        {
            MicroThreadLock.asyncLocks.Value = null;
        }
    }

    private class MicroThreadSyncLock : MicroThreadLockBase, ISyncLockable
    {
        private bool locked;

        public MicroThreadSyncLock(MicroThreadLock microThreadLock)
            : base(microThreadLock)
        {
        }

        public override void Dispose()
        {
            Monitor.Exit(MicroThreadLock.syncLock);
            base.Dispose();
        }

        internal override void Reenter()
        {
            Monitor.Enter(MicroThreadLock.syncLock);
            base.Reenter();
        }

        internal void Take()
        {
            if (MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLockThread != 0)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Trying to lock while another thread owns the lock.");

            MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLockThread = Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId;
            MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLock = this;
        }

        internal override void Release()
        {
            if (MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLockThread != Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Trying to unlock while another thread owns the lock.");

            MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLockThread = 0;
            MicroThreadLock.currentSyncLock = null;
        }

        public IDisposable Lock()
        {
            if (!locked)
            {
                // We register here because we are in the proper thread.
                Take();
                Monitor.Enter(MicroThreadLock.syncLock);
            }
            else
            {
                Reenter();
            }
            locked = true;
            return this;
        }
    }
}