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xemu/qemu-img.c
Markus Armbruster bd006b9818 Include qapi/qmp/qbool.h exactly where needed 
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20180201111846.21846-15-armbru@redhat.com>
2018-02-09 13:52:15 +01:00

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/*
* QEMU disk image utility
*
* Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include <getopt.h>
#include "qemu-version.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qapi-visit.h"
#include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
#include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"
#include "qemu/config-file.h"
#include "qemu/option.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/log.h"
#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
#include "block/block_int.h"
#include "block/blockjob.h"
#include "block/qapi.h"
#include "crypto/init.h"
#include "trace/control.h"
#define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION QEMU_PKGVERSION \
"\n" QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n"
typedef struct img_cmd_t {
const char *name;
int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
} img_cmd_t;
enum {
OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
OPTION_OBJECT = 258,
OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 259,
OPTION_PATTERN = 260,
OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL = 261,
OPTION_NO_DRAIN = 262,
OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS = 263,
OPTION_SIZE = 264,
OPTION_PREALLOCATION = 265,
OPTION_SHRINK = 266,
};
typedef enum OutputFormat {
OFORMAT_JSON,
OFORMAT_HUMAN,
} OutputFormat;
/* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-img */
#define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
{
printf(" %s", name);
}
static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
error_printf("qemu-img: ");
va_start(ap, fmt);
error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
{
error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
}
static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
{
error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
}
/* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
{
const char *help_msg =
QEMU_IMG_VERSION
"usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]\n"
"QEMU disk image utility\n"
"\n"
" '-h', '--help' display this help and exit\n"
" '-V', '--version' output version information and exit\n"
" '-T', '--trace' [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
" specify tracing options\n"
"\n"
"Command syntax:\n"
#define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
" " arg_string "\n"
#include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
#undef DEF
#undef GEN_DOCS
"\n"
"Command parameters:\n"
" 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
" 'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)\n"
" manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common\n"
" object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or\n"
" encryption keys.\n"
" 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
" 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
" options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
" 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
" 'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid\n"
" options are the same as for the 'cache' option\n"
" 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
" 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
" 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
" supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
" 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
" 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
" 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
" name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
" used format\n"
" 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
" is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
" '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
" 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
" instead\n"
" '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
" '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and\n"
" new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working\n"
" backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the\n"
" backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting\n"
" to open the backing file.\n"
" '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
" '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
" '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
" '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
" contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
" conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
" unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
" fully allocated\n"
" '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
" '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
" prior to running qemu-img)\n"
"\n"
"Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
" '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
" '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
" kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
" hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
"\n"
"Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
" '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
" process (defaults to 8)\n"
" '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
"\n"
"Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
" 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
" '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
" '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
" '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
" '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
"\n"
"Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
" '-f' first image format\n"
" '-F' second image format\n"
" '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n"
"\n"
"Parameters to dd subcommand:\n"
" 'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time "
"(default: 512)\n"
" 'count=N' copy only N input blocks\n"
" 'if=FILE' read from FILE\n"
" 'of=FILE' write to FILE\n"
" 'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input\n";
printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
printf("\n\n" QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
.name = "object",
.implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
.head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
.desc = {
{ }
},
};
static QemuOptsList qemu_source_opts = {
.name = "source",
.implied_opt_name = "file",
.head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_source_opts.head),
.desc = {
{ }
},
};
static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
{
int ret = 0;
if (!quiet) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
return ret;
}
static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
{
BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
Error *local_err = NULL;
/* Find driver and parse its options */
drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
if (!drv) {
error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
return 1;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
if (filename) {
proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true, &local_err);
if (!proto_drv) {
error_report_err(local_err);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
return 1;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
}
qemu_opts_print_help(create_opts);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
return 0;
}
static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
bool quiet, bool force_share)
{
QDict *options;
Error *local_err = NULL;
BlockBackend *blk;
options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
if (force_share) {
if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
&& !qdict_get_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
QDECREF(options);
return NULL;
}
qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
}
blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
if (!blk) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
return NULL;
}
blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
return blk;
}
static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
QDict *options,
const char *fmt, int flags,
bool writethrough, bool quiet,
bool force_share)
{
BlockBackend *blk;
Error *local_err = NULL;
if (!options) {
options = qdict_new();
}
if (fmt) {
qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
}
if (force_share) {
qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
}
blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
if (!blk) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
return NULL;
}
blk_set_enable_write_cache(blk, !writethrough);
return blk;
}
static int img_add_key_secrets(void *opaque,
const char *name, const char *value,
Error **errp)
{
QDict *options = opaque;
if (g_str_has_suffix(name, "key-secret")) {
qdict_put_str(options, name, value);
}
return 0;
}
static BlockBackend *img_open_new_file(const char *filename,
QemuOpts *create_opts,
const char *fmt, int flags,
bool writethrough, bool quiet,
bool force_share)
{
QDict *options = NULL;
options = qdict_new();
qemu_opt_foreach(create_opts, img_add_key_secrets, options, &error_abort);
return img_open_file(filename, options, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
}
static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
const char *filename,
const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
bool quiet, bool force_share)
{
BlockBackend *blk;
if (image_opts) {
QemuOpts *opts;
if (fmt) {
error_report("--image-opts and --format are mutually exclusive");
return NULL;
}
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("source"),
filename, true);
if (!opts) {
return NULL;
}
blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
} else {
blk = img_open_file(filename, NULL, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
}
return blk;
}
static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
const char *base_filename,
const char *base_fmt)
{
Error *err = NULL;
if (base_filename) {
qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename, &err);
if (err) {
error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
fmt);
error_free(err);
return -1;
}
}
if (base_fmt) {
qemu_opt_set(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt, &err);
if (err) {
error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
"format '%s'", fmt);
error_free(err);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
{
int err;
uint64_t value;
err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
if (err < 0) {
return err;
}
if (value > INT64_MAX) {
return -ERANGE;
}
return value;
}
static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
uint64_t img_size = -1;
const char *fmt = "raw";
const char *base_fmt = NULL;
const char *filename;
const char *base_filename = NULL;
char *options = NULL;
Error *local_err = NULL;
bool quiet = false;
int flags = 0;
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:ho:qu",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'F':
base_fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'b':
base_filename = optarg;
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'o':
if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
goto fail;
}
if (!options) {
options = g_strdup(optarg);
} else {
char *old_options = options;
options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
g_free(old_options);
}
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 'u':
flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
goto fail;
}
} break;
}
}
/* Get the filename */
filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
g_free(options);
return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
}
if (optind >= argc) {
error_exit("Expecting image file name");
}
optind++;
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
goto fail;
}
/* Get image size, if specified */
if (optind < argc) {
int64_t sval;
sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
if (sval < 0) {
if (sval == -ERANGE) {
error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
} else {
error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
"G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
"petabytes and exabytes.");
}
goto fail;
}
img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
}
if (optind != argc) {
error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
}
bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
options, img_size, flags, quiet, &local_err);
if (local_err) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
goto fail;
}
g_free(options);
return 0;
fail:
g_free(options);
return 1;
}
static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
{
QString *str;
QObject *obj;
Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
visit_type_ImageCheck(v, NULL, &check, &error_abort);
visit_complete(v, &obj);
str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
assert(str != NULL);
qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
qobject_decref(obj);
visit_free(v);
QDECREF(str);
}
static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
{
if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
} else {
if (check->corruptions) {
qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
"Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
"may corrupt it.\n",
check->corruptions);
}
if (check->leaks) {
qprintf(quiet,
"\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
"This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
check->leaks);
}
if (check->check_errors) {
qprintf(quiet,
"\n%" PRId64
" internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
check->check_errors);
}
}
if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
"%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
check->allocated_clusters);
}
if (check->image_end_offset) {
qprintf(quiet,
"Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
}
}
static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
ImageCheck *check,
const char *filename,
const char *fmt,
int fix)
{
int ret;
BdrvCheckResult result;
ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
check->leaks = result.leaks;
check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
return 0;
}
/*
* Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
*
* 0 - Check completed, image is good
* 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
* 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
* 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
* 63 - Checks are not supported by the image format
*/
static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, ret;
OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
const char *filename, *fmt, *output, *cache;
BlockBackend *blk;
BlockDriverState *bs;
int fix = 0;
int flags = BDRV_O_CHECK;
bool writethrough;
ImageCheck *check;
bool quiet = false;
bool image_opts = false;
bool force_share = false;
fmt = NULL;
output = NULL;
cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
for(;;) {
int option_index = 0;
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
{"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
long_options, &option_index);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
} else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
} else {
error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
"(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
}
break;
case OPTION_OUTPUT:
output = optarg;
break;
case 'T':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
} else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
} else if (output) {
error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
return 1;
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
return 1;
}
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
if (!blk) {
return 1;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
error_report("This image format does not support checks");
ret = 63;
goto fail;
}
if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
qprintf(quiet,
"The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
" %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
" %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
"Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
check->leaks_fixed,
check->corruptions_fixed);
}
ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
}
if (!ret) {
switch (output_format) {
case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
break;
case OFORMAT_JSON:
dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
break;
}
}
if (ret || check->check_errors) {
if (ret) {
error_report("Check failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
} else {
error_report("Check failed");
}
ret = 1;
goto fail;
}
if (check->corruptions) {
ret = 2;
} else if (check->leaks) {
ret = 3;
} else {
ret = 0;
}
fail:
qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
blk_unref(blk);
return ret;
}
typedef struct CommonBlockJobCBInfo {
BlockDriverState *bs;
Error **errp;
} CommonBlockJobCBInfo;
static void common_block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
CommonBlockJobCBInfo *cbi = opaque;
if (ret < 0) {
error_setg_errno(cbi->errp, -ret, "Block job failed");
}
}
static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
{
AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
int ret = 0;
aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
block_job_ref(job);
do {
aio_poll(aio_context, true);
qemu_progress_print(job->len ?
((float)job->offset / job->len * 100.f) : 0.0f, 0);
} while (!job->ready && !job->completed);
if (!job->completed) {
ret = block_job_complete_sync(job, errp);
} else {
ret = job->ret;
}
block_job_unref(job);
aio_context_release(aio_context);
/* publish completion progress only when success */
if (!ret) {
qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
}
}
static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, ret, flags;
const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
BlockBackend *blk;
BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
BlockJob *job;
bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
bool writethrough;
Error *local_err = NULL;
CommonBlockJobCBInfo cbi;
bool image_opts = false;
AioContext *aio_context;
fmt = NULL;
cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
base = NULL;
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 't':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'b':
base = optarg;
/* -b implies -d */
drop = true;
break;
case 'd':
drop = true;
break;
case 'p':
progress = true;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
/* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
if (quiet) {
progress = false;
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP;
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
return 1;
}
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
false);
if (!blk) {
return 1;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.f);
qemu_progress_print(0.f, 100);
if (base) {
base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
if (!base_bs) {
error_setg(&local_err,
"Did not find '%s' in the backing chain of '%s'",
base, filename);
goto done;
}
} else {
/* This is different from QMP, which by default uses the deepest file in
* the backing chain (i.e., the very base); however, the traditional
* behavior of qemu-img commit is using the immediate backing file. */
base_bs = backing_bs(bs);
if (!base_bs) {
error_setg(&local_err, "Image does not have a backing file");
goto done;
}
}
cbi = (CommonBlockJobCBInfo){
.errp = &local_err,
.bs = bs,
};
aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
&cbi, false, &local_err);
aio_context_release(aio_context);
if (local_err) {
goto done;
}
/* When the block job completes, the BlockBackend reference will point to
* the old backing file. In order to avoid that the top image is already
* deleted, so we can still empty it afterwards, increment the reference
* counter here preemptively. */
if (!drop) {
bdrv_ref(bs);
}
job = block_job_get("commit");
run_block_job(job, &local_err);
if (local_err) {
goto unref_backing;
}
if (!drop && bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty) {
ret = bs->drv->bdrv_make_empty(bs);
if (ret) {
error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "Could not empty %s",
filename);
goto unref_backing;
}
}
unref_backing:
if (!drop) {
bdrv_unref(bs);
}
done:
qemu_progress_end();
blk_unref(blk);
if (local_err) {
error_report_err(local_err);
return 1;
}
qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* Returns -1 if 'buf' contains only zeroes, otherwise the byte index
* of the first sector boundary within buf where the sector contains a
* non-zero byte. This function is robust to a buffer that is not
* sector-aligned.
*/
static int64_t find_nonzero(const uint8_t *buf, int64_t n)
{
int64_t i;
int64_t end = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
for (i = 0; i < end; i += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) {
if (!buffer_is_zero(buf + i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
return i;
}
}
if (i < n && !buffer_is_zero(buf + i, n - end)) {
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/*
* Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
* a non-NUL byte.
*
* 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
* the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
*/
static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
{
bool is_zero;
int i;
if (n <= 0) {
*pnum = 0;
return 0;
}
is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
buf += 512;
if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
break;
}
}
*pnum = i;
return !is_zero;
}
/*
* Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
* up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
* breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
*/
static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
int min)
{
int ret;
int num_checked, num_used;
if (n < min) {
min = n;
}
ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
if (!ret) {
return ret;
}
num_used = *pnum;
buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
n -= *pnum;
num_checked = num_used;
while (n > 0) {
ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
n -= *pnum;
num_checked += *pnum;
if (ret) {
num_used = num_checked;
} else if (*pnum >= min) {
break;
}
}
*pnum = num_used;
return 1;
}
/*
* Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first
* sector of each buffer matches, non-zero otherwise.
*
* pnum is set to the sector-aligned size of the buffer prefix that
* has the same matching status as the first sector.
*/
static int compare_buffers(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2,
int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum)
{
bool res;
int64_t i = MIN(bytes, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
assert(bytes > 0);
res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, i);
while (i < bytes) {
int64_t len = MIN(bytes - i, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
if (!!memcmp(buf1 + i, buf2 + i, len) != res) {
break;
}
i += len;
}
*pnum = i;
return res;
}
#define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
/*
* Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
*
* Intended for use by 'qemu-img compare': Returns 0 in case sectors are
* filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero data (this is a comparison
* failure), and 4 on error (the exit status for read errors), after emitting
* an error message.
*
* @param blk: BlockBackend for the image
* @param offset: Starting offset to check
* @param bytes: Number of bytes to check
* @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
* @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
* @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
*/
static int check_empty_sectors(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset,
int64_t bytes, const char *filename,
uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
{
int ret = 0;
int64_t idx;
ret = blk_pread(blk, offset, buffer, bytes);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
offset, filename, strerror(-ret));
return 4;
}
idx = find_nonzero(buffer, bytes);
if (idx >= 0) {
qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
offset + idx);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Compares two images. Exit codes:
*
* 0 - Images are identical
* 1 - Images differ
* >1 - Error occurred
*/
static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
{
const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *cache, *filename1, *filename2;
BlockBackend *blk1, *blk2;
BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
int64_t total_size1, total_size2;
uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
int64_t pnum1, pnum2;
int allocated1, allocated2;
int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
int flags;
bool writethrough;
int64_t total_size;
int64_t offset = 0;
int64_t chunk;
int c;
uint64_t progress_base;
bool image_opts = false;
bool force_share = false;
cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
for (;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch (c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt1 = optarg;
break;
case 'F':
fmt2 = optarg;
break;
case 'T':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'p':
progress = true;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 's':
strict = true;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
ret = 2;
goto out4;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
/* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
if (quiet) {
progress = false;
}
if (optind != argc - 2) {
error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
}
filename1 = argv[optind++];
filename2 = argv[optind++];
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
ret = 2;
goto out4;
}
/* Initialize before goto out */
qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
flags = 0;
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", cache);
ret = 2;
goto out3;
}
blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
if (!blk1) {
ret = 2;
goto out3;
}
blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
if (!blk2) {
ret = 2;
goto out2;
}
bs1 = blk_bs(blk1);
bs2 = blk_bs(blk2);
buf1 = blk_blockalign(blk1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
buf2 = blk_blockalign(blk2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
total_size1 = blk_getlength(blk1);
if (total_size1 < 0) {
error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
filename1, strerror(-total_size1));
ret = 4;
goto out;
}
total_size2 = blk_getlength(blk2);
if (total_size2 < 0) {
error_report("Can't get size of %s: %s",
filename2, strerror(-total_size2));
ret = 4;
goto out;
}
total_size = MIN(total_size1, total_size2);
progress_base = MAX(total_size1, total_size2);
qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
if (strict && total_size1 != total_size2) {
ret = 1;
qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
goto out;
}
while (offset < total_size) {
int status1, status2;
status1 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs1, NULL, offset,
total_size1 - offset, &pnum1, NULL,
NULL);
if (status1 < 0) {
ret = 3;
error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
goto out;
}
allocated1 = status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
status2 = bdrv_block_status_above(bs2, NULL, offset,
total_size2 - offset, &pnum2, NULL,
NULL);
if (status2 < 0) {
ret = 3;
error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
goto out;
}
allocated2 = status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED;
assert(pnum1 && pnum2);
chunk = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
if (strict) {
if (status1 != status2) {
ret = 1;
qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
" block status mismatch!\n", offset);
goto out;
}
}
if ((status1 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) && (status2 & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
/* nothing to do */
} else if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
if (allocated1) {
int64_t pnum;
chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
ret = blk_pread(blk1, offset, buf1, chunk);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
offset, filename1, strerror(-ret));
ret = 4;
goto out;
}
ret = blk_pread(blk2, offset, buf2, chunk);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
" of %s: %s",
offset, filename2, strerror(-ret));
ret = 4;
goto out;
}
ret = compare_buffers(buf1, buf2, chunk, &pnum);
if (ret || pnum != chunk) {
qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
offset + (ret ? 0 : pnum));
ret = 1;
goto out;
}
}
} else {
chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
if (allocated1) {
ret = check_empty_sectors(blk1, offset, chunk,
filename1, buf1, quiet);
} else {
ret = check_empty_sectors(blk2, offset, chunk,
filename2, buf1, quiet);
}
if (ret) {
goto out;
}
}
offset += chunk;
qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
}
if (total_size1 != total_size2) {
BlockBackend *blk_over;
const char *filename_over;
qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
if (total_size1 > total_size2) {
blk_over = blk1;
filename_over = filename1;
} else {
blk_over = blk2;
filename_over = filename2;
}
while (offset < progress_base) {
ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(blk_over), NULL, offset,
progress_base - offset, &chunk,
NULL, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
ret = 3;
error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
filename_over);
goto out;
}
if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED && !(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
chunk = MIN(chunk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
ret = check_empty_sectors(blk_over, offset, chunk,
filename_over, buf1, quiet);
if (ret) {
goto out;
}
}
offset += chunk;
qemu_progress_print(((float) chunk / progress_base) * 100, 100);
}
}
qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
ret = 0;
out:
qemu_vfree(buf1);
qemu_vfree(buf2);
blk_unref(blk2);
out2:
blk_unref(blk1);
out3:
qemu_progress_end();
out4:
return ret;
}
enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
BLK_DATA,
BLK_ZERO,
BLK_BACKING_FILE,
};
#define MAX_COROUTINES 16
typedef struct ImgConvertState {
BlockBackend **src;
int64_t *src_sectors;
int src_num;
int64_t total_sectors;
int64_t allocated_sectors;
int64_t allocated_done;
int64_t sector_num;
int64_t wr_offs;
enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
int64_t sector_next_status;
BlockBackend *target;
bool has_zero_init;
bool compressed;
bool target_has_backing;
bool wr_in_order;
int min_sparse;
size_t cluster_sectors;
size_t buf_sectors;
long num_coroutines;
int running_coroutines;
Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
CoMutex lock;
int ret;
} ImgConvertState;
static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
{
*src_cur = 0;
*src_cur_offset = 0;
while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
*src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
(*src_cur)++;
assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
}
}
static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
{
int64_t src_cur_offset;
int ret, n, src_cur;
convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
int64_t count = n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
if (s->target_has_backing) {
ret = bdrv_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
(sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
count, &count, NULL, NULL);
} else {
ret = bdrv_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
(sector_num - src_cur_offset) *
BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
count, &count, NULL, NULL);
}
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
n = DIV_ROUND_UP(count, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
s->status = BLK_ZERO;
} else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
s->status = BLK_DATA;
} else {
s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
}
s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
}
n = MIN(n, s->sector_next_status - sector_num);
if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
}
/* We need to write complete clusters for compressed images, so if an
* unallocated area is shorter than that, we must consider the whole
* cluster allocated. */
if (s->compressed) {
if (n < s->cluster_sectors) {
n = MIN(s->cluster_sectors, s->total_sectors - sector_num);
s->status = BLK_DATA;
} else {
n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(n, s->cluster_sectors);
}
}
return n;
}
static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
{
int n, ret;
QEMUIOVector qiov;
struct iovec iov;
assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
while (nb_sectors > 0) {
BlockBackend *blk;
int src_cur;
int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
/* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
* nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
* read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
blk = s->src[src_cur];
bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
ret = blk_co_preadv(
blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
sector_num += n;
nb_sectors -= n;
buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
}
return 0;
}
static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
{
int ret;
QEMUIOVector qiov;
struct iovec iov;
while (nb_sectors > 0) {
int n = nb_sectors;
BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
switch (status) {
case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
/* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
* unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
* visible at the respective offset. */
assert(s->target_has_backing);
break;
case BLK_DATA:
/* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
* is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
* it as zero sectors.
* Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
* case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
* zeroed. */
if (!s->min_sparse ||
(!s->compressed &&
is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
(s->compressed &&
!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
{
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
break;
}
/* fall-through */
case BLK_ZERO:
if (s->has_zero_init) {
assert(!s->target_has_backing);
break;
}
ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
break;
}
sector_num += n;
nb_sectors -= n;
buf += n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
}
return 0;
}
static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
{
ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
uint8_t *buf = NULL;
int ret, i;
int index = -1;
for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
assert(index >= 0);
s->running_coroutines++;
buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
while (1) {
int n;
int64_t sector_num;
enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
break;
}
n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
if (n < 0) {
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
s->ret = n;
break;
}
/* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
sector_num = s->sector_num;
status = s->status;
if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
}
/* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
* already continue reading beyond this request */
s->sector_num += n;
qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
s->allocated_done += n;
qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
s->allocated_sectors, 0);
}
if (status == BLK_DATA) {
ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
s->ret = ret;
}
} else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
status = BLK_DATA;
memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
}
if (s->wr_in_order) {
/* keep writes in order */
while (s->wr_offs != sector_num && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
qemu_coroutine_yield();
}
s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
}
if (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
s->ret = ret;
}
}
if (s->wr_in_order) {
/* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
* for this write to complete */
s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
/*
* A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
* s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B. Therefore
* B will never enter A during this time window.
*/
qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
break;
}
}
}
}
qemu_vfree(buf);
s->co[index] = NULL;
s->running_coroutines--;
if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
/* the convert job finished successfully */
s->ret = 0;
}
}
static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
{
int ret, i, n;
int64_t sector_num = 0;
/* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
? bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(s->target))
: false;
if (!s->has_zero_init && !s->target_has_backing &&
bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(blk_bs(s->target)))
{
ret = blk_make_zero(s->target, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
if (ret == 0) {
s->has_zero_init = true;
}
}
/* Allocate buffer for copied data. For compressed images, only one cluster
* can be copied at a time. */
if (s->compressed) {
if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
error_report("invalid cluster size");
return -EINVAL;
}
s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
}
while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
if (n < 0) {
return n;
}
if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
{
s->allocated_sectors += n;
}
sector_num += n;
}
/* Do the copy */
s->sector_next_status = 0;
s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
}
while (s->running_coroutines) {
main_loop_wait(false);
}
if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
/* signal EOF to align */
ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
}
return s->ret;
}
static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = NULL, *cache = "unsafe",
*src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
*out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
BlockDriverInfo bdi;
BlockDriverState *out_bs;
QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
char *options = NULL;
Error *local_err = NULL;
bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
skip_create = false, progress = false, tgt_image_opts = false;
int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
bool force_share = false;
ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
/* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
.min_sparse = 8,
.buf_sectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
.wr_in_order = true,
.num_coroutines = 8,
};
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{"target-image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:co:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'O':
out_fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'B':
out_baseimg = optarg;
break;
case 'c':
s.compressed = true;
break;
case 'o':
if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
goto fail_getopt;
}
if (!options) {
options = g_strdup(optarg);
} else {
char *old_options = options;
options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
g_free(old_options);
}
break;
case 's':
snapshot_name = optarg;
break;
case 'l':
if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
optarg, false);
if (!sn_opts) {
error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
optarg);
goto fail_getopt;
}
} else {
snapshot_name = optarg;
}
break;
case 'S':
{
int64_t sval;
sval = cvtnum(optarg);
if (sval < 0) {
error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
goto fail_getopt;
}
s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
break;
}
case 'p':
progress = true;
break;
case 't':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'T':
src_cache = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 'n':
skip_create = true;
break;
case 'm':
if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
" coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
goto fail_getopt;
}
break;
case 'W':
s.wr_in_order = false;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *object_opts;
object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!object_opts) {
goto fail_getopt;
}
break;
}
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
case OPTION_TARGET_IMAGE_OPTS:
tgt_image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (!out_fmt && !tgt_image_opts) {
out_fmt = "raw";
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
goto fail_getopt;
}
if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
goto fail_getopt;
}
if (tgt_image_opts && !skip_create) {
error_report("--target-image-opts requires use of -n flag");
goto fail_getopt;
}
s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
if (out_fmt) {
ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
goto fail_getopt;
} else {
error_report("Option help requires a format be specified");
goto fail_getopt;
}
}
if (s.src_num < 1) {
error_report("Must specify image file name");
goto fail_getopt;
}
/* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
goto fail_getopt;
}
/* Initialize before goto out */
if (quiet) {
progress = false;
}
qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
if (!s.src[bs_i]) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
}
if (sn_opts) {
bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
&local_err);
} else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
if (s.src_num > 1) {
error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
&local_err);
}
if (local_err) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (!skip_create) {
/* Find driver and parse its options */
drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
if (!drv) {
error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true, &local_err);
if (!proto_drv) {
error_report_err(local_err);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (!drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
drv->format_name);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
proto_drv->format_name);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
if (options) {
qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
if (local_err) {
error_report_err(local_err);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
&error_abort);
ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
goto out;
}
}
/* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
out_baseimg_param = qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
if (out_baseimg_param) {
out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
}
s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
"concatenating multiple input images");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
/* Check if compression is supported */
if (s.compressed) {
bool encryption =
qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
const char *encryptfmt =
qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
const char *preallocation =
qemu_opt_get(opts, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
if (drv && !drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (encryption || encryptfmt) {
error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
"the same time");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (preallocation
&& strcmp(preallocation, "off"))
{
error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
"the same time");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
if (!skip_create) {
/* Create the new image */
ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, opts, &local_err);
if (ret < 0) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: error while converting %s: ",
out_filename, out_fmt);
goto out;
}
}
flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
goto out;
}
if (skip_create) {
s.target = img_open(tgt_image_opts, out_filename, out_fmt,
flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
} else {
/* TODO ultimately we should allow --target-image-opts
* to be used even when -n is not given.
* That has to wait for bdrv_create to be improved
* to allow filenames in option syntax
*/
s.target = img_open_new_file(out_filename, opts, out_fmt,
flags, writethrough, quiet, false);
}
if (!s.target) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
if (s.compressed && !out_bs->drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed) {
error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
/* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
* or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
* as maximum. */
s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
MAX(s.buf_sectors,
MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
if (skip_create) {
int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
if (output_sectors < 0) {
error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
strerror(-output_sectors));
ret = -1;
goto out;
} else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
if (ret < 0) {
if (s.compressed) {
error_report("could not get block driver info");
goto out;
}
} else {
s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
}
ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
out:
if (!ret) {
qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
}
qemu_progress_end();
qemu_opts_del(opts);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
blk_unref(s.target);
if (s.src) {
for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
}
g_free(s.src);
}
g_free(s.src_sectors);
fail_getopt:
g_free(options);
return !!ret;
}
static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
int nb_sns, i;
nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
if (nb_sns <= 0)
return;
printf("Snapshot list:\n");
bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
printf("\n");
for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
sn = &sn_tab[i];
bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
printf("\n");
}
g_free(sn_tab);
}
static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
{
QString *str;
QObject *obj;
Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
visit_type_ImageInfoList(v, NULL, &list, &error_abort);
visit_complete(v, &obj);
str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
assert(str != NULL);
printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
qobject_decref(obj);
visit_free(v);
QDECREF(str);
}
static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
{
QString *str;
QObject *obj;
Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
visit_type_ImageInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
visit_complete(v, &obj);
str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
assert(str != NULL);
printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
qobject_decref(obj);
visit_free(v);
QDECREF(str);
}
static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
{
ImageInfoList *elem;
bool delim = false;
for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
if (delim) {
printf("\n");
}
delim = true;
bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
}
}
static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
{
return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
}
/**
* Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
*
* @filename: topmost image filename
* @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
* @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
* false - only topmost image file
*
* Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
* image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
* stderr.
*/
static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
const char *filename,
const char *fmt,
bool chain, bool force_share)
{
ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
ImageInfoList **last = &head;
GHashTable *filenames;
Error *err = NULL;
filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
while (filename) {
BlockBackend *blk;
BlockDriverState *bs;
ImageInfo *info;
ImageInfoList *elem;
if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
filename);
goto err;
}
g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
force_share);
if (!blk) {
goto err;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
if (err) {
error_report_err(err);
blk_unref(blk);
goto err;
}
elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
elem->value = info;
*last = elem;
last = &elem->next;
blk_unref(blk);
filename = fmt = NULL;
if (chain) {
if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
filename = info->full_backing_filename;
} else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
error_report("Could not determine absolute backing filename,"
" but backing filename '%s' present",
info->backing_filename);
goto err;
}
if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
}
}
}
g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
return head;
err:
qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
return NULL;
}
static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
bool chain = false;
const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
ImageInfoList *list;
bool image_opts = false;
bool force_share = false;
fmt = NULL;
output = NULL;
for(;;) {
int option_index = 0;
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
{"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
long_options, &option_index);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OUTPUT:
output = optarg;
break;
case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
chain = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
} else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
} else if (output) {
error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
return 1;
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
force_share);
if (!list) {
return 1;
}
switch (output_format) {
case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
dump_human_image_info_list(list);
break;
case OFORMAT_JSON:
if (chain) {
dump_json_image_info_list(list);
} else {
dump_json_image_info(list->value);
}
break;
}
qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
return 0;
}
static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
MapEntry *next)
{
switch (output_format) {
case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
if (e->data && !e->has_offset) {
error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
exit(1);
}
if (e->data && !e->zero) {
printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
e->start, e->length,
e->has_offset ? e->offset : 0,
e->has_filename ? e->filename : "");
}
/* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
* Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
*/
if (next && (!next->data || next->zero)) {
next->data = false;
next->zero = true;
}
break;
case OFORMAT_JSON:
printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
" \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
(e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
e->start, e->length, e->depth,
e->zero ? "true" : "false",
e->data ? "true" : "false");
if (e->has_offset) {
printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
}
putchar('}');
if (!next) {
printf("]\n");
}
break;
}
}
static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
int64_t bytes, MapEntry *e)
{
int ret;
int depth;
BlockDriverState *file;
bool has_offset;
int64_t map;
/* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
* clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
* range repeatedly.
*/
depth = 0;
for (;;) {
ret = bdrv_block_status(bs, offset, bytes, &bytes, &map, &file);
if (ret < 0) {
return ret;
}
assert(bytes);
if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
break;
}
bs = backing_bs(bs);
if (bs == NULL) {
ret = 0;
break;
}
depth++;
}
has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
*e = (MapEntry) {
.start = offset,
.length = bytes,
.data = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA),
.zero = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO),
.offset = map,
.has_offset = has_offset,
.depth = depth,
.has_filename = file && has_offset,
.filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
};
return 0;
}
static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, const MapEntry *next)
{
if (curr->length == 0) {
return false;
}
if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
curr->data != next->data ||
curr->depth != next->depth ||
curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
return false;
}
if (curr->has_filename && strcmp(curr->filename, next->filename)) {
return false;
}
if (curr->has_offset && curr->offset + curr->length != next->offset) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
BlockBackend *blk;
BlockDriverState *bs;
const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
int64_t length;
MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
int ret = 0;
bool image_opts = false;
bool force_share = false;
fmt = NULL;
output = NULL;
for (;;) {
int option_index = 0;
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
{"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
long_options, &option_index);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch (c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OUTPUT:
output = optarg;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind];
if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
} else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
} else if (output) {
error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
return 1;
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
if (!blk) {
return 1;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
}
length = blk_getlength(blk);
while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
int64_t offset = curr.start + curr.length;
int64_t n;
/* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
n = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(MIN(1 << 30, length - offset), BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
ret = get_block_status(bs, offset, n, &next);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
goto out;
}
if (entry_mergeable(&curr, &next)) {
curr.length += next.length;
continue;
}
if (curr.length > 0) {
dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
}
curr = next;
}
dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
out:
blk_unref(blk);
return ret < 0;
}
#define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
#define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
#define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
#define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
{
BlockBackend *blk;
BlockDriverState *bs;
QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
int action = 0;
qemu_timeval tv;
bool quiet = false;
Error *err = NULL;
bool image_opts = false;
bool force_share = false;
bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
/* Parse commandline parameters */
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
return 0;
case 'l':
if (action) {
error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
return 0;
}
action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
break;
case 'a':
if (action) {
error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
return 0;
}
action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
snapshot_name = optarg;
break;
case 'c':
if (action) {
error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
return 0;
}
action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
snapshot_name = optarg;
break;
case 'd':
if (action) {
error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
return 0;
}
action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
snapshot_name = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
/* Open the image */
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
force_share);
if (!blk) {
return 1;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
/* Perform the requested action */
switch(action) {
case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
dump_snapshots(bs);
break;
case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
if (ret) {
error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
}
break;
case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
if (ret) {
error_reportf_err(err, "Could not apply snapshot '%s': ",
snapshot_name);
}
break;
case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
if (err) {
error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
snapshot_name);
ret = 1;
}
break;
}
/* Cleanup */
blk_unref(blk);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
{
BlockBackend *blk = NULL, *blk_old_backing = NULL, *blk_new_backing = NULL;
uint8_t *buf_old = NULL;
uint8_t *buf_new = NULL;
BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
char *filename;
const char *fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
int unsafe = 0;
bool force_share = false;
int progress = 0;
bool quiet = false;
Error *local_err = NULL;
bool image_opts = false;
/* Parse commandline parameters */
fmt = NULL;
cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
out_baseimg = NULL;
out_basefmt = NULL;
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
return 0;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'F':
out_basefmt = optarg;
break;
case 'b':
out_baseimg = optarg;
break;
case 'u':
unsafe = 1;
break;
case 'p':
progress = 1;
break;
case 't':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'T':
src_cache = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
}
}
if (quiet) {
progress = 0;
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
goto out;
}
src_flags = 0;
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
goto out;
}
/* The source files are opened read-only, don't care about WCE */
assert((src_flags & BDRV_O_RDWR) == 0);
(void) src_writethrough;
/*
* Open the images.
*
* Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
* the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
*/
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
false);
if (!blk) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
if (bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt) == NULL) {
error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
/* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
if (!unsafe) {
char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
QDict *options = NULL;
if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
options = qdict_new();
qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
}
if (force_share) {
if (!options) {
options = qdict_new();
}
qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
}
bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
options, src_flags, &local_err);
if (!blk_old_backing) {
error_reportf_err(local_err,
"Could not open old backing file '%s': ",
backing_name);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (out_baseimg[0]) {
options = qdict_new();
if (out_basefmt) {
qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
}
if (force_share) {
qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
}
blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
options, src_flags, &local_err);
if (!blk_new_backing) {
error_reportf_err(local_err,
"Could not open new backing file '%s': ",
out_baseimg);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
}
/*
* Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
* accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
* in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
* from the old backing file into the COW file.
*
* If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
* the image is the same as the original one at any time.
*/
if (!unsafe) {
int64_t size;
int64_t old_backing_size;
int64_t new_backing_size = 0;
uint64_t offset;
int64_t n;
float local_progress = 0;
buf_old = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
buf_new = blk_blockalign(blk, IO_BUF_SIZE);
size = blk_getlength(blk);
if (size < 0) {
error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
filename, strerror(-size));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
old_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_old_backing);
if (old_backing_size < 0) {
char backing_name[PATH_MAX];
bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
backing_name, strerror(-old_backing_size));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (blk_new_backing) {
new_backing_size = blk_getlength(blk_new_backing);
if (new_backing_size < 0) {
error_report("Could not get size of '%s': %s",
out_baseimg, strerror(-new_backing_size));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
}
if (size != 0) {
local_progress = (float)100 / (size / MIN(size, IO_BUF_SIZE));
}
for (offset = 0; offset < size; offset += n) {
/* How many bytes can we handle with the next read? */
n = MIN(IO_BUF_SIZE, size - offset);
/* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, offset, n, &n);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
strerror(-ret));
goto out;
}
if (ret) {
continue;
}
/*
* Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
* backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
*/
if (offset >= old_backing_size) {
memset(buf_old, 0, n);
} else {
if (offset + n > old_backing_size) {
n = old_backing_size - offset;
}
ret = blk_pread(blk_old_backing, offset, buf_old, n);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
goto out;
}
}
if (offset >= new_backing_size || !blk_new_backing) {
memset(buf_new, 0, n);
} else {
if (offset + n > new_backing_size) {
n = new_backing_size - offset;
}
ret = blk_pread(blk_new_backing, offset, buf_new, n);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
goto out;
}
}
/* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
uint64_t written = 0;
while (written < n) {
int64_t pnum;
if (compare_buffers(buf_old + written, buf_new + written,
n - written, &pnum))
{
ret = blk_pwrite(blk, offset + written,
buf_old + written, pnum, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
strerror(-ret));
goto out;
}
}
written += pnum;
}
qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
}
}
/*
* Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
* backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
* doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
*/
if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
} else {
ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
}
if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
"space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
} else if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
}
qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
/*
* TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
* allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
* could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
* backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
*/
out:
qemu_progress_end();
/* Cleanup */
if (!unsafe) {
blk_unref(blk_old_backing);
blk_unref(blk_new_backing);
}
qemu_vfree(buf_old);
qemu_vfree(buf_new);
blk_unref(blk);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
{
Error *err = NULL;
int c, ret, relative;
const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
int64_t n, total_size, current_size;
bool quiet = false;
BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
PreallocMode prealloc = PREALLOC_MODE_OFF;
QemuOpts *param;
static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
.name = "resize_options",
.head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
.desc = {
{
.name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
.type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
.help = "Virtual disk size"
}, {
/* end of list */
}
},
};
bool image_opts = false;
bool shrink = false;
/* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
* as options by getopt. */
if (argc < 3) {
error_exit("Not enough arguments");
return 1;
}
size = argv[--argc];
/* Parse getopt arguments */
fmt = NULL;
for(;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"preallocation", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PREALLOCATION},
{"shrink", no_argument, 0, OPTION_SHRINK},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch(c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT: {
QemuOpts *opts;
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
return 1;
}
} break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
case OPTION_PREALLOCATION:
prealloc = qapi_enum_parse(&PreallocMode_lookup, optarg,
PREALLOC_MODE__MAX, NULL);
if (prealloc == PREALLOC_MODE__MAX) {
error_report("Invalid preallocation mode '%s'", optarg);
return 1;
}
break;
case OPTION_SHRINK:
shrink = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[optind++];
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
return 1;
}
/* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
switch (size[0]) {
case '+':
relative = 1;
size++;
break;
case '-':
relative = -1;
size++;
break;
default:
relative = 0;
break;
}
/* Parse size */
param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size, &err);
if (err) {
error_report_err(err);
ret = -1;
qemu_opts_del(param);
goto out;
}
n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
qemu_opts_del(param);
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
false);
if (!blk) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
current_size = blk_getlength(blk);
if (current_size < 0) {
error_report("Failed to inquire current image length: %s",
strerror(-current_size));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (relative) {
total_size = current_size + n * relative;
} else {
total_size = n;
}
if (total_size <= 0) {
error_report("New image size must be positive");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (total_size <= current_size && prealloc != PREALLOC_MODE_OFF) {
error_report("Preallocation can only be used for growing images");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (total_size < current_size && !shrink) {
warn_report("Shrinking an image will delete all data beyond the "
"shrunken image's end. Before performing such an "
"operation, make sure there is no important data there.");
if (g_strcmp0(bdrv_get_format_name(blk_bs(blk)), "raw") != 0) {
error_report(
"Use the --shrink option to perform a shrink operation.");
ret = -1;
goto out;
} else {
warn_report("Using the --shrink option will suppress this message. "
"Note that future versions of qemu-img may refuse to "
"shrink images without this option.");
}
}
ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, prealloc, &err);
if (!ret) {
qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
} else {
error_report_err(err);
}
out:
blk_unref(blk);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static void amend_status_cb(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t offset, int64_t total_work_size,
void *opaque)
{
qemu_progress_print(100.f * offset / total_work_size, 0);
}
static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
{
Error *err = NULL;
int c, ret = 0;
char *options = NULL;
QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
const char *fmt = NULL, *filename, *cache;
int flags;
bool writethrough;
bool quiet = false, progress = false;
BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
bool image_opts = false;
cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
for (;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch (c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'o':
if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
ret = -1;
goto out_no_progress;
}
if (!options) {
options = g_strdup(optarg);
} else {
char *old_options = options;
options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
g_free(old_options);
}
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 't':
cache = optarg;
break;
case 'p':
progress = true;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT:
opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!opts) {
ret = -1;
goto out_no_progress;
}
break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (!options) {
error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
ret = -1;
goto out_no_progress;
}
if (quiet) {
progress = false;
}
qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
/* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
* given), print option help here */
ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
goto out;
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_report("Expecting one image file name");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
goto out;
}
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
false);
if (!blk) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
bs = blk_bs(blk);
fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
if (has_help_option(options)) {
/* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
goto out;
}
if (!bs->drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support any options to amend",
fmt);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bs->drv->create_opts);
opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &err);
if (err) {
error_report_err(err);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
/* In case the driver does not call amend_status_cb() */
qemu_progress_print(0.f, 0);
ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, opts, &amend_status_cb, NULL);
qemu_progress_print(100.f, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
goto out;
}
out:
qemu_progress_end();
out_no_progress:
blk_unref(blk);
qemu_opts_del(opts);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
g_free(options);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
typedef struct BenchData {
BlockBackend *blk;
uint64_t image_size;
bool write;
int bufsize;
int step;
int nrreq;
int n;
int flush_interval;
bool drain_on_flush;
uint8_t *buf;
QEMUIOVector *qiov;
int in_flight;
bool in_flush;
uint64_t offset;
} BenchData;
static void bench_undrained_flush_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Failed flush request: %s", strerror(-ret));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void bench_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
{
BenchData *b = opaque;
BlockAIOCB *acb;
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Failed request: %s", strerror(-ret));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (b->in_flush) {
/* Just finished a flush with drained queue: Start next requests */
assert(b->in_flight == 0);
b->in_flush = false;
} else if (b->in_flight > 0) {
int remaining = b->n - b->in_flight;
b->n--;
b->in_flight--;
/* Time for flush? Drain queue if requested, then flush */
if (b->flush_interval && remaining % b->flush_interval == 0) {
if (!b->in_flight || !b->drain_on_flush) {
BlockCompletionFunc *cb;
if (b->drain_on_flush) {
b->in_flush = true;
cb = bench_cb;
} else {
cb = bench_undrained_flush_cb;
}
acb = blk_aio_flush(b->blk, cb, b);
if (!acb) {
error_report("Failed to issue flush request");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (b->drain_on_flush) {
return;
}
}
}
while (b->n > b->in_flight && b->in_flight < b->nrreq) {
int64_t offset = b->offset;
/* blk_aio_* might look for completed I/Os and kick bench_cb
* again, so make sure this operation is counted by in_flight
* and b->offset is ready for the next submission.
*/
b->in_flight++;
b->offset += b->step;
b->offset %= b->image_size;
if (b->write) {
acb = blk_aio_pwritev(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
} else {
acb = blk_aio_preadv(b->blk, offset, b->qiov, 0, bench_cb, b);
}
if (!acb) {
error_report("Failed to issue request");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
}
static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, ret = 0;
const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
bool quiet = false;
bool image_opts = false;
bool is_write = false;
int count = 75000;
int depth = 64;
int64_t offset = 0;
size_t bufsize = 4096;
int pattern = 0;
size_t step = 0;
int flush_interval = 0;
bool drain_on_flush = true;
int64_t image_size;
BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
BenchData data = {};
int flags = 0;
bool writethrough = false;
struct timeval t1, t2;
int i;
bool force_share = false;
size_t buf_size;
for (;;) {
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"flush-interval", required_argument, 0, OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
{"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
if (c == -1) {
break;
}
switch (c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'c':
{
unsigned long res;
if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
error_report("Invalid request count specified");
return 1;
}
count = res;
break;
}
case 'd':
{
unsigned long res;
if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
error_report("Invalid queue depth specified");
return 1;
}
depth = res;
break;
}
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'n':
flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
break;
case 'o':
{
offset = cvtnum(optarg);
if (offset < 0) {
error_report("Invalid offset specified");
return 1;
}
break;
}
break;
case 'q':
quiet = true;
break;
case 's':
{
int64_t sval;
sval = cvtnum(optarg);
if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
return 1;
}
bufsize = sval;
break;
}
case 'S':
{
int64_t sval;
sval = cvtnum(optarg);
if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
error_report("Invalid step size specified");
return 1;
}
step = sval;
break;
}
case 't':
ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough);
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("Invalid cache mode");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
break;
case 'w':
flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
is_write = true;
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_PATTERN:
{
unsigned long res;
if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > 0xff) {
error_report("Invalid pattern byte specified");
return 1;
}
pattern = res;
break;
}
case OPTION_FLUSH_INTERVAL:
{
unsigned long res;
if (qemu_strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0, &res) < 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
error_report("Invalid flush interval specified");
return 1;
}
flush_interval = res;
break;
}
case OPTION_NO_DRAIN:
drain_on_flush = false;
break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - 1) {
error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
}
filename = argv[argc - 1];
if (!is_write && flush_interval) {
error_report("--flush-interval is only available in write tests");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (flush_interval && flush_interval < depth) {
error_report("Flush interval can't be smaller than depth");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
force_share);
if (!blk) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
image_size = blk_getlength(blk);
if (image_size < 0) {
ret = image_size;
goto out;
}
data = (BenchData) {
.blk = blk,
.image_size = image_size,
.bufsize = bufsize,
.step = step ?: bufsize,
.nrreq = depth,
.n = count,
.offset = offset,
.write = is_write,
.flush_interval = flush_interval,
.drain_on_flush = drain_on_flush,
};
printf("Sending %d %s requests, %d bytes each, %d in parallel "
"(starting at offset %" PRId64 ", step size %d)\n",
data.n, data.write ? "write" : "read", data.bufsize, data.nrreq,
data.offset, data.step);
if (flush_interval) {
printf("Sending flush every %d requests\n", flush_interval);
}
buf_size = data.nrreq * data.bufsize;
data.buf = blk_blockalign(blk, buf_size);
memset(data.buf, pattern, data.nrreq * data.bufsize);
blk_register_buf(blk, data.buf, buf_size);
data.qiov = g_new(QEMUIOVector, data.nrreq);
for (i = 0; i < data.nrreq; i++) {
qemu_iovec_init(&data.qiov[i], 1);
qemu_iovec_add(&data.qiov[i],
data.buf + i * data.bufsize, data.bufsize);
}
gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
bench_cb(&data, 0);
while (data.n > 0) {
main_loop_wait(false);
}
gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
printf("Run completed in %3.3f seconds.\n",
(t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec)
+ ((double)(t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000000));
out:
if (data.buf) {
blk_unregister_buf(blk, data.buf);
}
qemu_vfree(data.buf);
blk_unref(blk);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
#define C_BS 01
#define C_COUNT 02
#define C_IF 04
#define C_OF 010
#define C_SKIP 020
struct DdInfo {
unsigned int flags;
int64_t count;
};
struct DdIo {
int bsz; /* Block size */
char *filename;
uint8_t *buf;
int64_t offset;
};
struct DdOpts {
const char *name;
int (*f)(const char *, struct DdIo *, struct DdIo *, struct DdInfo *);
unsigned int flag;
};
static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
struct DdInfo *dd)
{
int64_t res;
res = cvtnum(arg);
if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
return 1;
}
in->bsz = out->bsz = res;
return 0;
}
static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
struct DdInfo *dd)
{
dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
if (dd->count < 0) {
error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static int img_dd_if(const char *arg,
struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
struct DdInfo *dd)
{
in->filename = g_strdup(arg);
return 0;
}
static int img_dd_of(const char *arg,
struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
struct DdInfo *dd)
{
out->filename = g_strdup(arg);
return 0;
}
static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
struct DdInfo *dd)
{
in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
if (in->offset < 0) {
error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
{
int ret = 0;
char *arg = NULL;
char *tmp;
BlockDriver *drv = NULL, *proto_drv = NULL;
BlockBackend *blk1 = NULL, *blk2 = NULL;
QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
Error *local_err = NULL;
bool image_opts = false;
int c, i;
const char *out_fmt = "raw";
const char *fmt = NULL;
int64_t size = 0;
int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
bool force_share = false;
struct DdInfo dd = {
.flags = 0,
.count = 0,
};
struct DdIo in = {
.bsz = 512, /* Block size is by default 512 bytes */
.filename = NULL,
.buf = NULL,
.offset = 0
};
struct DdIo out = {
.bsz = 512,
.filename = NULL,
.buf = NULL,
.offset = 0
};
const struct DdOpts options[] = {
{ "bs", img_dd_bs, C_BS },
{ "count", img_dd_count, C_COUNT },
{ "if", img_dd_if, C_IF },
{ "of", img_dd_of, C_OF },
{ "skip", img_dd_skip, C_SKIP },
{ NULL, NULL, 0 }
};
const struct option long_options[] = {
{ "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{ "object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{ "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{ "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
if (c == EOF) {
break;
}
switch (c) {
case 'O':
out_fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
break;
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT:
if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts, optarg, true)) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
}
}
for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
int j;
arg = g_strdup(argv[i]);
tmp = strchr(arg, '=');
if (tmp == NULL) {
error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
*tmp++ = '\0';
for (j = 0; options[j].name != NULL; j++) {
if (!strcmp(arg, options[j].name)) {
break;
}
}
if (options[j].name == NULL) {
error_report("unrecognized operand %s", arg);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (options[j].f(tmp, &in, &out, &dd) != 0) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
dd.flags |= options[j].flag;
g_free(arg);
arg = NULL;
}
if (!(dd.flags & C_IF && dd.flags & C_OF)) {
error_report("Must specify both input and output files");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
force_share);
if (!blk1) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
if (!drv) {
error_report("Unknown file format");
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out.filename, true, &local_err);
if (!proto_drv) {
error_report_err(local_err);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (!drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
drv->format_name);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (!proto_drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Protocol driver '%s' does not support image creation",
proto_drv->format_name);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, proto_drv->create_opts);
opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
size = blk_getlength(blk1);
if (size < 0) {
error_report("Failed to get size for '%s'", in.filename);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (dd.flags & C_COUNT && dd.count <= INT64_MAX / in.bsz &&
dd.count * in.bsz < size) {
size = dd.count * in.bsz;
}
/* Overflow means the specified offset is beyond input image's size */
if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
size < in.bsz * in.offset)) {
qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0, &error_abort);
} else {
qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
size - in.bsz * in.offset, &error_abort);
}
ret = bdrv_create(drv, out.filename, opts, &local_err);
if (ret < 0) {
error_reportf_err(local_err,
"%s: error while creating output image: ",
out.filename);
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
/* TODO, we can't honour --image-opts for the target,
* since it needs to be given in a format compatible
* with the bdrv_create() call above which does not
* support image-opts style.
*/
blk2 = img_open_file(out.filename, NULL, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
false, false, false);
if (!blk2) {
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
if (dd.flags & C_SKIP && (in.offset > INT64_MAX / in.bsz ||
size < in.offset * in.bsz)) {
/* We give a warning if the skip option is bigger than the input
* size and create an empty output disk image (i.e. like dd(1)).
*/
error_report("%s: cannot skip to specified offset", in.filename);
in_pos = size;
} else {
in_pos = in.offset * in.bsz;
}
in.buf = g_new(uint8_t, in.bsz);
for (out_pos = 0; in_pos < size; block_count++) {
int in_ret, out_ret;
if (in_pos + in.bsz > size) {
in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, size - in_pos);
} else {
in_ret = blk_pread(blk1, in_pos, in.buf, in.bsz);
}
if (in_ret < 0) {
error_report("error while reading from input image file: %s",
strerror(-in_ret));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
in_pos += in_ret;
out_ret = blk_pwrite(blk2, out_pos, in.buf, in_ret, 0);
if (out_ret < 0) {
error_report("error while writing to output image file: %s",
strerror(-out_ret));
ret = -1;
goto out;
}
out_pos += out_ret;
}
out:
g_free(arg);
qemu_opts_del(opts);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
blk_unref(blk1);
blk_unref(blk2);
g_free(in.filename);
g_free(out.filename);
g_free(in.buf);
g_free(out.buf);
if (ret) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static void dump_json_block_measure_info(BlockMeasureInfo *info)
{
QString *str;
QObject *obj;
Visitor *v = qobject_output_visitor_new(&obj);
visit_type_BlockMeasureInfo(v, NULL, &info, &error_abort);
visit_complete(v, &obj);
str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
assert(str != NULL);
printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
qobject_decref(obj);
visit_free(v);
QDECREF(str);
}
static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
{
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
{"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
{"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
{"size", required_argument, 0, OPTION_SIZE},
{"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
BlockBackend *in_blk = NULL;
BlockDriver *drv;
const char *filename = NULL;
const char *fmt = NULL;
const char *out_fmt = "raw";
char *options = NULL;
char *snapshot_name = NULL;
bool force_share = false;
QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
QemuOpts *object_opts = NULL;
QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
bool image_opts = false;
uint64_t img_size = UINT64_MAX;
BlockMeasureInfo *info = NULL;
Error *local_err = NULL;
int ret = 1;
int c;
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:o:l:U",
long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case '?':
case 'h':
help();
break;
case 'f':
fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'O':
out_fmt = optarg;
break;
case 'o':
if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
goto out;
}
if (!options) {
options = g_strdup(optarg);
} else {
char *old_options = options;
options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
g_free(old_options);
}
break;
case 'l':
if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&internal_snapshot_opts,
optarg, false);
if (!sn_opts) {
error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
optarg);
goto out;
}
} else {
snapshot_name = optarg;
}
break;
case 'U':
force_share = true;
break;
case OPTION_OBJECT:
object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
optarg, true);
if (!object_opts) {
goto out;
}
break;
case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
image_opts = true;
break;
case OPTION_OUTPUT:
if (!strcmp(optarg, "json")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
} else if (!strcmp(optarg, "human")) {
output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
} else {
error_report("--output must be used with human or json "
"as argument.");
goto out;
}
break;
case OPTION_SIZE:
{
int64_t sval;
sval = cvtnum(optarg);
if (sval < 0) {
if (sval == -ERANGE) {
error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
} else {
error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use "
"k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
"petabytes and exabytes.");
}
goto out;
}
img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
}
break;
}
}
if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
NULL, NULL)) {
goto out;
}
if (argc - optind > 1) {
error_report("At most one filename argument is allowed.");
goto out;
} else if (argc - optind == 1) {
filename = argv[optind];
}
if (!filename &&
(object_opts || image_opts || fmt || snapshot_name || sn_opts)) {
error_report("--object, --image-opts, -f, and -l "
"require a filename argument.");
goto out;
}
if (filename && img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
error_report("--size N cannot be used together with a filename.");
goto out;
}
if (!filename && img_size == UINT64_MAX) {
error_report("Either --size N or one filename must be specified.");
goto out;
}
if (filename) {
in_blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0,
false, false, force_share);
if (!in_blk) {
goto out;
}
if (sn_opts) {
bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(in_blk),
qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
&local_err);
} else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(in_blk),
snapshot_name, &local_err);
}
if (local_err) {
error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
goto out;
}
}
drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
if (!drv) {
error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
goto out;
}
if (!drv->create_opts) {
error_report("Format driver '%s' does not support image creation",
drv->format_name);
goto out;
}
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, drv->create_opts);
create_opts = qemu_opts_append(create_opts, bdrv_file.create_opts);
opts = qemu_opts_create(create_opts, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
if (options) {
qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
if (local_err) {
error_report_err(local_err);
error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", out_fmt);
goto out;
}
}
if (img_size != UINT64_MAX) {
qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size, &error_abort);
}
info = bdrv_measure(drv, opts, in_blk ? blk_bs(in_blk) : NULL, &local_err);
if (local_err) {
error_report_err(local_err);
goto out;
}
if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
printf("required size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->required);
printf("fully allocated size: %" PRIu64 "\n", info->fully_allocated);
} else {
dump_json_block_measure_info(info);
}
ret = 0;
out:
qapi_free_BlockMeasureInfo(info);
qemu_opts_del(object_opts);
qemu_opts_del(opts);
qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
g_free(options);
blk_unref(in_blk);
return ret;
}
static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
#define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
{ option, callback },
#include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
#undef DEF
#undef GEN_DOCS
{ NULL, NULL, },
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
const img_cmd_t *cmd;
const char *cmdname;
Error *local_error = NULL;
char *trace_file = NULL;
int c;
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
{"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
{"trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
#ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
#endif
module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
error_set_progname(argv[0]);
qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_error)) {
error_report_err(local_error);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
bdrv_init();
if (argc < 2) {
error_exit("Not enough arguments");
}
qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case ':':
missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
return 0;
case '?':
unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
return 0;
case 'h':
help();
return 0;
case 'V':
printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
return 0;
case 'T':
g_free(trace_file);
trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
break;
}
}
cmdname = argv[optind];
/* reset getopt_long scanning */
argc -= optind;
if (argc < 1) {
return 0;
}
argv += optind;
optind = 0;
if (!trace_init_backends()) {
exit(1);
}
trace_init_file(trace_file);
qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
/* find the command */
for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
return cmd->handler(argc, argv);
}
}
/* not found */
error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);
}
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