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.dockerignore
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.git
.gitignore
.DS_Store
**/.DS_Store
__pycache__/
**/__pycache__/
*.pyc
tools/
exchange-versions.json.bak
example-scan.png
README.md
LICENSE
Dockerfile
.dockerignore
.github/CODEOWNERS
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# Code owners for exchange-scanner
# All changes require review from the owning team.
* @BishopFox/bf-threat-enablement
.gitignore
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# macOS
.DS_Store
# Python
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
.venv/
venv/
env/
# Third-party tool binaries (installed by scripts/install-requirements.sh)
/tools/
# Exchange Server version table (generated by scripts/get-exchange-versions.py)
/exchange-versions.json
CONTRIBUTING.md
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# Contributing
Thanks for your interest in contributing to the Microsoft Exchange Server Scanner!
## How to Contribute
1. **Open an issue** describing the bug or enhancement before starting significant
work, so we can discuss the approach.
2. **Fork the repository** and create a topic branch for your change.
3. **Make your change**, keeping the code style consistent with the surrounding code.
4. **Test your change** against representative targets where possible.
5. **Open a pull request** against `main` with a clear description of what changed and
why. Pull requests require review from a code owner before merging.
## Reporting Security Issues
Please do not file public issues for security vulnerabilities. See
[SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md) for responsible disclosure instructions.
## License
By contributing to this project, you agree that your contributions will be licensed
under the terms of the [GNU General Public License v3.0](LICENSE) that covers this
project.
Dockerfile
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# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
#
# Microsoft Exchange Server scanner
# by Bishop Fox
#
# Build: docker build -t exchange-scanner .
# Usage: docker run --rm exchange-scanner -q -t <target>
# docker run --rm -v "$PWD/targets.txt:/app/targets.txt" exchange-scanner -l targets.txt
#
# All dependencies (base images, Python packages, and the dnsx / fingerprintx
# binaries) are locked to specific versions for reproducible builds. The
# Exchange Server version table is scraped from Microsoft at build time, so the
# build requires network access and reflects the data available when it runs.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stage 1: build the Go-based recon tools at pinned versions
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM golang:1.24.5-bookworm AS tools
ENV CGO_ENABLED=0 GOFLAGS=-trimpath
# dnsx ships prebuilt binaries; fingerprintx no longer does for recent
# releases, so both are built from source pinned to a specific tag.
RUN go install github.com/projectdiscovery/dnsx/cmd/[email protected] \
&& go install github.com/praetorian-inc/fingerprintx/cmd/[email protected]
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stage 2: runtime image
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM python:3.12.8-slim-bookworm
WORKDIR /app
# Python dependencies (locked to specific versions in scripts/requirements.txt)
COPY scripts/requirements.txt ./scripts/requirements.txt
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r ./scripts/requirements.txt
# Recon tools built in stage 1, dropped where the scanner expects them
COPY --from=tools /go/bin/dnsx /app/tools/dnsx
COPY --from=tools /go/bin/fingerprintx /app/tools/fingerprintx
# Application code and the version-table generator
COPY exchange-scanner.py ./
COPY scripts/get-exchange-versions.py ./scripts/get-exchange-versions.py
# Generate the Exchange Server version table at build time by scraping
# Microsoft's published build numbers (requires network access during the
# build). The generator writes exchange-versions.json into /app.
RUN python3 scripts/get-exchange-versions.py
ENTRYPOINT ["python3", "exchange-scanner.py"]
CMD ["-h"]
LICENSE
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
README.md
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# Microsoft Exchange Server Scanner #
![example scan](example-scan.png)
## Description ##
This tool scans several common public-facing services on a target host in order to detect Microsoft Exchange Server and fingerprint its software version if possible.
To do this, it uses the following techniques:
- Outlook Web Access (OWA) fingerprinting by response headers, login page contents, and favicon hashes
- Exchange Control Panel (ECP) export tool fingerprinting by XML responses
- Autodiscover endpoint fingerprinting by response headers
- Service fingerprinting for SMTP, IMAP, and POP3 on common ports by service banners
Detected build numbers are matched against a version table scraped from Microsoft that covers every release from Exchange Server 5.5 through Exchange Server Subscription Edition (SE), including Service Pack (SP), Cumulative Update (CU), Security Update (SU), Hotfix Update (HU), and Update Rollup (RU) levels. Matches are reported with a product name, release date, and [CPE](https://nvd.nist.gov/products/cpe) strings in the NVD dictionary format.
## Getting Started ##
### Prerequisites ###
The recommended way to run the scanner is with [Docker](https://www.docker.com/), which requires no local dependencies beyond Docker itself. To run the script directly instead, it was designed for use on 64-bit Debian Linux, but should work with any Linux variant supported by [Python 3](https://www.python.org/), [dnsx](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/dnsx), and [fingerprintx](https://github.com/praetorian-inc/fingerprintx) (with minor modifications to the installation script).
### Installation ###
#### Docker (recommended) ####
Build the image. It bundles Python, the pinned Python packages, and version-locked `dnsx` and `fingerprintx` binaries, and scrapes the Exchange Server version table from Microsoft at build time:
```sh
docker build -t exchange-scanner .
```
Then run the scanner, passing the same arguments you would pass to the script (described under Usage below):
```sh
# Scan a single target
docker run --rm exchange-scanner -q -t 192.168.5.3
# Scan a list of targets (mount the file into the container)
docker run --rm -v "$PWD/targets.txt:/app/targets.txt" exchange-scanner -l targets.txt
```
Rebuild the image to refresh the version table.
#### Manual installation ####
Run `scripts/install-requirements.sh` to install the required tools, packages, and other dependencies. Python packages are pinned to specific versions in `scripts/requirements.txt`.
Feel free to re-run `scripts/get-exchange-versions.py` separately at any time to update the software version table found in `exchange-versions.json`.
### Usage ###
Run the `exchange-scanner.py` script with `-h` to view usage details:
```sh
❯ ./exchange-scanner.py -h
usage: exchange-scanner.py [-h] [-q] [-d] [-x TIMEOUT] [-o OUTFILE] (-t TARGET | -l LIST)
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-q, --quiet Suppress log output (except errors)
-d, --debug Print debugging messages
-x TIMEOUT, --timeout TIMEOUT
Set timeout for HTTP requests (defaults to 3 seconds)
-o OUTFILE, --outfile OUTFILE
Save output to a file instead of writing to stdout
-t TARGET, --target TARGET
A single hostname or IP address to scan
-l LIST, --list LIST File containing a list of hostnames and/or IP addresses to scan (one per line)
```
Required: `-t` or `-l`
- To scan a single target, use `-t` with a single hostname or IP address. If the hostname resolves to multiple IPs, the script will scan each of them separately.
- To scan multiple targets at once, create a file with one hostname or IP address per line, then use `-l` with the name of the file.
Logging: To suppress most log output, use `-q`. To view more log detail, use `-d`.
Timeout: To change the maximum response time per HTTP request, specify a timeout value in seconds (the default is 3). Keep in mind that a single IP address can generate over 200 requests under certain circumstances (though most scans don't reach this volume), so a shorter timeout is generally preferred.
Output: Scan results are printed in JSON format by default. To save output to a file instead of printing to stdout, use `-o` with a filename.
### Example ###
```sh
$ ./exchange-scanner.py -q -t 192.168.5.3
[
{
"hostname": "192.168.5.3",
"ip_address": "192.168.5.3",
"build_number": "15.2.1118",
"exchange_services": [
"https://192.168.5.3:443",
"imaps://192.168.5.3:993"
],
"product_name": "Exchange Server 2019 CU12 (2022H1)",
"major_version": "2019",
"update": "Cumulative Update 12",
"security_update": null,
"release_date": "2022-04-20",
"recalled": false,
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:2019:cumulative_update_12:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:outlook_web_access:2019:cumulative_update_12:*:*:*:*:*:*"
]
}
]
```
## Miscellany ##
### Legal disclaimer ###
Usage of this tool for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state, and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program.
### License ###
This project is licensed under the [GNU General Public License](LICENSE).
### Capabilities and Limitations ###
- The scanner currently only checks default ports for default services.
- It assumes the target is being scanned from an external perspective.
- It uses fuzzy matching to determine versions when partial build numbers are found.
- It also flags updates that Microsoft has recalled via a `recalled` field in its output.
- CPE strings follow the [NVD CPE dictionary](https://nvd.nist.gov/products/cpe) format. Because the NVD dictionary tracks updates only down to the CU/SP/RU level (not SU/HU), those CPEs are best-effort and may not match a dictionary entry exactly. The full detected detail (exact build number, SU/HU level) is preserved in the other result fields.
SECURITY.md
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# Security Policy
## Reporting a Vulnerability
Bishop Fox takes the security of this project seriously. If you discover a security
vulnerability, please report it responsibly.
- **Do not** open a public GitHub issue for security vulnerabilities.
- Email **[email protected]** with a description of the issue, steps to
reproduce, and any relevant proof-of-concept details.
- You will receive an acknowledgement of your report, and we will work with you to
understand and address the issue.
Please give us a reasonable amount of time to investigate and remediate before any
public disclosure.
## Supported Versions
This project is provided as-is. Security fixes are applied to the latest release on
the `main` branch.
example-scan.png
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exchange-scanner.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Microsoft Exchange Server scanner
# by Bishop Fox
#
# usage: exchange-scanner.py [-h] [-q] [-d] [-x TIMEOUT] [-o OUTFILE] (-t TARGET | -l LIST)
#
# optional arguments:
# -h, --help show this help message and exit
# -q, --quiet Suppress log output (except errors)
# -d, --debug Print debugging messages
# -x TIMEOUT, --timeout TIMEOUT
# Set timeout for HTTP requests (defaults to 3 seconds)
# -o OUTFILE, --outfile OUTFILE
# Save output to a file instead of writing to stdout
# -t TARGET, --target TARGET
# A single hostname or IP address to scan
# -l LIST, --list LIST File containing a list of hostnames and/or IP addresses to scan (one per line)
import os
import ssl
import sys
import re
import json
import ipaddress
import codecs
import subprocess
import logging
import argparse
import warnings
import requests
import urllib3
import mmh3
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter, Retry
class LegacyTlsAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
"""HTTPAdapter that negotiates legacy TLS versions and ciphers.
Many older Exchange Server deployments only support outdated TLS versions
and cipher suites that modern OpenSSL builds reject by default. This adapter
drives all HTTPS connections through an SSLContext that lowers the OpenSSL
security level, re-enables those ciphers, and allows TLS 1.0+, without
mutating any process-wide defaults. Certificate verification is disabled to
match the session's verify=False (targets routinely use self-signed certs).
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
context = ssl.create_default_context()
context.check_hostname = False
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
# Accessing the legacy TLS enum members emits a DeprecationWarning;
# supporting old Exchange servers is intentional here, so suppress it
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)
context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1
context.set_ciphers("ALL:@SECLEVEL=1")
self._ssl_context = context
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def init_poolmanager(self, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs["ssl_context"] = self._ssl_context
return super().init_poolmanager(*args, **kwargs)
def proxy_manager_for(self, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs["ssl_context"] = self._ssl_context
return super().proxy_manager_for(*args, **kwargs)
def resolve_hostname(hostname):
try:
dns = subprocess.run( # tools/dnsx -silent -json
[
"tools/dnsx",
"-silent",
"-json",
],
input=hostname,
check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
text=True,
)
ips = json.loads(dns.stdout)["a"]
return ips
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
logging.error(err.stderr)
except Exception as err:
logging.error(str(err))
def get_path(session, host, ip, scheme, port, path, timeout):
# Send a GET request and return the response if found
try:
resp = session.get(
f"{scheme}://{ip}:{port}{path}",
headers={"Host": host}, # specify virtual host
timeout=timeout,
allow_redirects=False, # don't follow redirects, but check content
)
resp.raise_for_status() # redirects don't raise exceptions
return resp
# Otherwise, return True for 40X and False for all other errors
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
if err.response.status_code in [400, 401, 403, 404, 405]:
logging.debug(
f"HTTP error {err.response.status_code} at {scheme}://{ip}:{port}{path}"
)
return True
else:
logging.debug(
f"HTTP error {err.response.status_code} at {scheme}://{ip}:{port}{path}"
)
return False
except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
logging.debug(f"Connection error at {scheme}://{ip}:{port}{path}")
return False
def test_web_services(version_table, session, target, scheme, port, timeout):
# /owa/auth/logon.aspx
# - x-owa-version header
# - content search: "src: url(\"/owa/auth/"
# - content search: "<title>Exchange Log In</title>" or "<title>Microsoft Exchange - Outlook Web Access</title>"
# /ecp/[major_version]/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application
# - content search: "<assemblyIdentity.*version=\"([0-9.]+)\""
# - X-FEServer header
# - X-BEServer header
# - X-CalculatedFETarget header
# - X-CalculatedBETarget header
# /autodiscover/autodiscover.[xml|svc|json]
# - x-owa-version header
# - X-FEServer header
# - X-BEServer header
# - X-CalculatedFETarget header
# - X-CalculatedBETarget header
# /favicon.ico
# - generate hash with mmh3 and compare to [1356662359, 1768726119, 442749392, 1356662359, -1249852061]
host = target[0]
ip = target[1]
scan_result = {
"hostname": host,
"ip_address": ip,
"build_number": None,
"exchange_services": [],
}
# Check default ECP export tool endpoint
# This version can be more specific than the OWA login page
resp = get_path(
session,
host,
ip,
scheme,
port,
"/ecp/Current/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application",
timeout,
)
if isinstance(resp, (bool)):
# Skip other tests for this port for all connection errors except 40X
if not resp:
return scan_result
else:
# Extract version from response header if possible
if "x-owa-version" in resp.headers:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = resp.headers["x-owa-version"]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response header at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/Current/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
return scan_result
# Extract version from assembly string if possible
elif "assemblyIdentity" in resp.text:
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = re.findall(
'<assemblyIdentity.*version="([0-9.]+)"', resp.text
)[0]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response body at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/Current/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
return scan_result
# Look for other headers to confirm this is OWA
elif (
"x-feserver" in resp.headers
or "x-beserver" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedfetarget" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedbetarget" in resp.headers
):
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/Current/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
# Check OWA login page
resp = get_path(session, host, ip, scheme, port, "/owa/auth/logon.aspx", timeout)
if isinstance(resp, (bool)):
# Skip other tests for this port for all connection errors except 40X
if not resp:
return scan_result
else:
# Extract version from response header if possible
if "x-owa-version" in resp.headers:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = resp.headers["x-owa-version"]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response header at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/owa/auth/logon.aspx"
)
return scan_result
# Extract version from CSS link if possible
elif 'src: url("/owa/auth/' in resp.text:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = re.findall(
r'src: url\("/owa/auth/([0-9.]+)/', resp.text
)[0]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response body at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/owa/auth/logon.aspx"
)
return scan_result
# Look for page title to confirm this is OWA
elif (
"<title>Exchange Log In</title>" in resp.text
or "<title>Microsoft Exchange - Outlook Web Access</title>" in resp.text
):
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/owa/auth/logon.aspx"
)
# Check autodiscover service endpoints
for extension in ["xml", "svc", "json"]:
resp = get_path(
session,
host,
ip,
scheme,
port,
f"/autodiscover/autodiscover.{extension}",
timeout,
)
if isinstance(resp, (bool)):
# Skip other tests for this port for all connection errors except 40X
if not resp:
return scan_result
else:
# Extract version from response header if possible
if "x-owa-version" in resp.headers:
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = resp.headers["x-owa-version"]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response body at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/autodiscover/autodiscover.{extension}"
)
return scan_result
# Look for other headers to confirm this is OWA
elif (
"x-feserver" in resp.headers
or "x-beserver" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedfetarget" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedbetarget" in resp.headers
):
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/autodiscover/autodiscover.{extension}"
)
# Check version-specific ECP export tool endpoints
major_versions = []
for version in version_table.keys():
major_version = ".".join(version.split(".")[0:3])
if major_version not in major_versions:
major_versions.append(major_version)
for ecp_version in major_versions:
resp = get_path(
session,
host,
ip,
scheme,
port,
f"/ecp/{ecp_version}/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application",
timeout,
)
if isinstance(resp, (bool)):
# Skip other tests for this port for all connection errors except 40X
if not resp:
return scan_result
else:
# Extract version from response header if possible
if "x-owa-version" in resp.headers:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = resp.headers["x-owa-version"]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response header at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/{ecp_version}/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
return scan_result
# Extract version from assembly string if possible
if "assemblyIdentity" in resp.text:
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
scan_result["build_number"] = re.findall(
'<assemblyIdentity.*version="([0-9.]+)"', resp.text
)[0]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from response body at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/{ecp_version}/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
return scan_result
# Look for other headers to confirm this is OWA
elif (
"x-feserver" in resp.headers
or "x-beserver" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedfetarget" in resp.headers
or "x-calculatedbetarget" in resp.headers
):
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/ecp/{ecp_version}/exporttool/microsoft.exchange.ediscovery.exporttool.application"
)
# Check OWA favicon
owa_favicon_hashes = [
"1356662359",
"1768726119",
"442749392",
"1356662359",
"-1249852061",
]
resp = get_path(session, host, ip, scheme, port, "/favicon.ico", timeout)
if isinstance(resp, (bool)):
# Skip other tests for this port for all connection errors except 40X
if not resp:
return scan_result
else:
favicon_hash = mmh3.hash(codecs.encode(resp.content, "base64"))
if favicon_hash in owa_favicon_hashes:
if f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}" not in scan_result["exchange_services"]:
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}")
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {scheme}://{host}:{port}/favicon.ico"
)
return scan_result
def test_mail_services(ip):
# Use fingerprintx to probe mail ports (banner should contain "Microsoft Exchange")
# Extract version strings from banner if possible
ports = [25, 110, 143, 587, 993, 995]
services = ["smtp", "smtps", "pop3", "pop3s", "imap", "imaps"]
scan_result = {
"ip_address": ip,
"build_number": None,
"exchange_services": [],
}
try:
result = subprocess.run( # tools/fingerprintx -f -t [target list] --json
[
"tools/fingerprintx",
"-f",
"-t",
",".join(f"{ip}:{port}" for port in ports),
"--json",
],
check=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
text=True,
)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
logging.error(err.stderr)
return scan_result
except Exception as err:
logging.error(str(err))
return scan_result
if result.stdout:
logging.debug(result.stdout)
for line in result.stdout.split("\n"):
if line:
service = json.loads(line)
# For each service identified, make sure the scheme
# is mail-related and the banner contains "Microsoft"
if (
service["protocol"] in services
and "microsoft" in service["metadata"]["banner"].lower()
):
scan_result["exchange_services"].append(
f"{service['protocol']}://{ip}:{service['port']}"
)
# Check the banner for a build number
build = re.findall(
r" ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+) ",
service["metadata"]["banner"],
)
if build:
if not scan_result["build_number"]:
# Don't overwrite the build number if it was already found
scan_result["build_number"] = build[0]
logging.info(
f"Got build number from banner at at {service['protocol']}://{ip}:{service['port']}"
)
else:
logging.info(
f"Identified Exchange service at {service['protocol']}://{ip}:{service['port']}"
)
return scan_result
def merge_scan_results(result1, result2):
# Add services from second result to first
result1["exchange_services"].extend(result2["exchange_services"])
# Add build number from second result only if missing
if result2["build_number"] and not result1["build_number"]:
result1["build_number"] = result2["build_number"]
return result1
def match_known_builds(version_table, item):
# No requested build number
if not item["build_number"]:
return None
# Online version - special case
if item["build_number"].startswith("15.20."):
return item["build_number"]
# Exact match
if item["build_number"] in version_table.keys():
return item["build_number"]
# Fuzzy match
matches = []
builds = list(version_table.keys())
builds.reverse()
# Get all builds that start with the requested number(s)
for build in builds:
if build.startswith(item["build_number"]):
matches.append(build)
# Return the oldest match
if matches:
logging.debug(f"Fuzzy-matched build {item['build_number']} to {matches[0]}")
return matches[0]
else:
return None
def format_update(update):
# Render a snake_case servicing token (e.g. "cumulative_update_23") as a
# human-readable label (e.g. "Cumulative Update 23") for output. The CPE
# strings keep the raw snake_case form.
if not update:
return None
label = update.replace("_", " ").title()
label = re.sub(r"\bSp(\d)", r"SP\1", label) # "Sp3" -> "SP3"
label = re.sub(r"-V(\d)", r"-v\1", label) # rollup revision "8-V2" -> "8-v2"
return label
def add_product_details(version_table, item, build_number):
if build_number and build_number.startswith("15.20."):
item["product_name"] = "Exchange Online"
item["major_version"] = "unknown"
item["update"] = None
item["security_update"] = None
item["release_date"] = "unknown"
item["recalled"] = False
elif build_number:
entry = version_table[build_number]
item["product_name"] = entry["product"]
item["major_version"] = entry["version"]
# Base servicing level (CU/SP/rollup; None for an RTM release) and the
# specific SU/HU patch on top of it (both kept out of the CPE)
item["update"] = format_update(entry["update"])
item["security_update"] = entry["security_update"] or None
item["release_date"] = entry["release_date"]
item["recalled"] = entry["recalled"]
elif item["exchange_services"]:
item["product_name"] = "Exchange Server"
item["major_version"] = "unknown"
item["update"] = None
item["security_update"] = None
item["release_date"] = "unknown"
item["recalled"] = False
else:
item["product_name"] = None
item["major_version"] = None
item["update"] = None
item["security_update"] = None
item["release_date"] = None
item["recalled"] = False
return item
def add_cpe_strings(version_table, item, build_number):
item["cpes"] = []
# CPE 2.3 field order:
# part:vendor:product:version:update:edition:language:sw_edition:target_sw:target_hw:other
#
# Match the NVD CPE dictionary layout (what vulnerability-correlation tooling
# matches against): the product stays bare ("exchange_server"), the major
# version goes in the version field, and the base servicing level (CU/SP/
# rollup, or "-" for RTM) goes in update. SU/HU granularity is intentionally
# omitted because the NVD dictionary has no entries at that level. NVD has no
# Subscription Edition entries yet, so "SE" is emitted as the (placeholder)
# "subscription_edition" version.
version = "*"
update = "*"
sw_edition = "*"
entry = version_table.get(build_number)
if entry:
if entry["version"] == "SE":
version = "subscription_edition"
elif entry["version"]:
version = entry["version"].lower()
update = entry["update"] if entry["update"] else "-"
if entry.get("sw_edition"):
sw_edition = entry["sw_edition"]
elif build_number and build_number.startswith("15.20."):
# Exchange Online has no fixed servicing level
sw_edition = "online"
# Edition variants (online, preview) go in the sw_edition component; the
# legacy CPE 2.2 "edition" component is left unset
if build_number or item["exchange_services"]:
item["cpes"].append(
f"cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:exchange_server:{version}:{update}:*:*:{sw_edition}:*:*:*"
)
for service in item["exchange_services"]:
if "http" in service:
item["cpes"].append(
f"cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:outlook_web_access:{version}:{update}:*:*:{sw_edition}:*:*:*"
)
break
return item
def main():
# Parse command line arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
"-q",
"--quiet",
action="store_true",
help="Suppress log output (except errors)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-d",
"--debug",
action="store_true",
help="Print debugging messages",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-x",
"--timeout",
required=False,
default=3, # default to short timeout due to large number of potential requests
help="Set timeout for HTTP requests (defaults to 3 seconds)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-o",
"--outfile",
type=argparse.FileType("w"),
help="Save output to a file instead of writing to stdout",
)
parse_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
parse_group.add_argument(
"-t",
"--target",
type=str,
help="A single hostname or IP address to scan",
)
parse_group.add_argument(
"-l",
"--list",
type=argparse.FileType("r"),
help="File containing a list of hostnames and/or IP addresses to scan (one per line)",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
# Configure logging
if args.quiet:
log_level = logging.ERROR
elif args.debug:
log_level = logging.DEBUG
else:
log_level = logging.INFO
logging.basicConfig(
level=log_level,
format="[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s",
datefmt="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z",
)
# Check for dependencies
for dep in ["exchange-versions.json", "tools/dnsx", "tools/fingerprintx"]:
if not os.path.isfile(dep):
logging.error(
"Missing one or more dependencies. Please run 'scripts/install-requirements.sh'"
)
sys.exit(1)
# Set up requests session
session = requests.Session()
# Override the default User-Agent while keeping the session's other default
# headers (Accept, Accept-Encoding, etc.) intact
session.headers.update(
{
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36"
}
)
# Targets frequently present self-signed or expired certificates
session.verify = False
# Configure requests to retry once on connection failure, with a short
# backoff so flaky hosts aren't hammered
retries = Retry(total=1, backoff_factor=0.3, status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504])
# Plain adapter for HTTP; the legacy-TLS adapter for HTTPS so old Exchange
# servers with outdated TLS versions and ciphers can still be reached
session.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries))
session.mount("https://", LegacyTlsAdapter(max_retries=retries))
# Disable certificate warnings
urllib3.disable_warnings(category=urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
# Load Exchange Server version table
with open("exchange-versions.json") as versions_file:
version_table = json.load(versions_file)
# Get initial target list
initial_targets = []
if args.target:
initial_targets = [args.target]
elif args.list:
initial_targets = args.list.read().splitlines()
# Resolve hostnames to IPs
targets = [] # Each target is a tuple (hostname, ip)
ips = []
for target in initial_targets:
try: # Test if it is a valid IPv4 or IPv6 string
ipaddress.ip_address(target)
targets.append((target, target))
if target not in ips:
ips.append(target)
except ValueError: # It's a hostname: resolve it
ips = resolve_hostname(target)
for ip in ips:
targets.append((target, ip))
if ip not in ips:
ips.append(target)
output = []
# Test web services by hostname and IP address
for target in targets:
logging.info(f"Testing web services on {target[0]}")
scan_result = merge_scan_results(
test_web_services(
version_table, session, target, "https", "443", int(args.timeout)
),
test_web_services(
version_table, session, target, "http", "80", int(args.timeout)
),
)
output.append(scan_result)
# Test mail services by IP address
for ip in ips:
logging.info(f"Testing mail services on {ip}")
scan_result = test_mail_services(ip)
# Update all corresponding hostname/ip pairs with results
if scan_result["exchange_services"]:
for item in output:
if item["ip_address"] == ip:
item = merge_scan_results(item, scan_result)
# If we got build numbers, add product details and CPEs
for item in output:
build = match_known_builds(version_table, item)
item = add_product_details(version_table, item, build)
item = add_cpe_strings(version_table, item, build)
# Output scan results as JSON
if args.outfile:
with open(args.outfile, "w") as outfile:
outfile.write(json.dumps(output, indent=4))
logging.info(f"Results saved to {args.outfile}")
else:
print(json.dumps(output, indent=4))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
scripts/get-exchange-versions.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import json
import re
import datetime
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/build-numbers-and-release-dates"
# Write the version table next to the scanner (the repo root, one level up from
# this script) regardless of the current working directory
output_file = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "..", "exchange-versions.json"
)
# Fetch the Exchange Server build info page from Microsoft
try:
resp = requests.get(url)
html = resp.text
dom = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
except requests.RequestException:
print("Failed to fetch build data")
# Extract relevant data from the page
data = []
for row in dom("tr"):
cols = row.find_all("td")
cols = [ele.text.strip().replace("Â\xa0", "") for ele in cols]
parsed_row = [ele for ele in cols if ele]
if parsed_row:
data.append(parsed_row)
# Parse the data into a version dict, indexed by build number
versions = {}
for row in data:
if re.search("Exchange( 2000)? Server", row[0]):
update = ""
sw_edition = ""
security_update = ""
# Updates Microsoft has since recalled (pulled) are flagged "(recalled)"
recalled = "(recalled)" in row[0]
# Major version (4-digit year, dotted legacy version, or "SE" for
# Subscription Edition)
version = re.findall(
r"(?:Exchange|Server(?: version)?) (\d{4}|[\d\.]{3}|SE)", row[0]
)
# Cumulative updates (CU)
if "CU" in row[0]:
cu = re.findall(r"CU(\d+)", row[0])
update = f"cumulative_update_{cu[0]}"
# Service packs (SP) - match the SP token only, without consuming any
# trailing SU/HU token (handled separately below)
elif "SP" in row[0]:
sp = re.findall(r"(?:post-)?SP\d+", row[0])
update = sp[0].lower()
# Preview / beta edition - tracked independently of the servicing level
# so it is captured for any release (e.g. a preview of any version)
if "Preview" in row[0]:
sw_edition = "preview"
# Update rollups (RU)
if "Rollup" in row[0]:
ur = re.findall(r"Rollup ([\dv\- ]+) ", row[0])
if update:
update += f"_rollup_{ur[0]}".replace(" ", "-")
else:
update = f"rollup_{ur[0]}".replace(" ", "-")
# Security updates (SU) and hotfix updates (HU), e.g. "Feb26SU" /
# "May26HU", including re-released revisions like "Nov24SUv2". These are
# tracked in their own field rather than appended to the base servicing
# level: the NVD CPE dictionary has no entries at SU/HU granularity, so
# they are kept out of the CPE update component but retained here for
# reference.
if re.search(r"\w+SU(?:v\d+)?\b", row[0]):
security_update = re.findall(r"\w+SU(?:v\d+)?\b", row[0])[0].lower()
elif re.search(r"\w+HU(?:v\d+)?\b", row[0]):
security_update = re.findall(r"\w+HU(?:v\d+)?\b", row[0])[0].lower()
# Release date
release_date = ""
date_formats = ["%B %d, %Y", "%B%d, %Y", "%B, %Y", "%B %Y"]
for date_format in date_formats:
try:
release_date = datetime.datetime.strftime(
datetime.datetime.strptime(row[1], date_format), "%Y-%m-%d"
)
except ValueError:
continue
else:
break
# Add dict entry
versions.update(
{
row[2]: {
"product": row[0],
"version": version[0] if version else "",
"update": update,
"security_update": security_update,
"sw_edition": sw_edition,
"recalled": recalled,
"release_date": release_date,
"build_long": row[3] if len(row) > 3 else "",
}
}
)
# Export version data to JSON
with open(output_file, "w") as outfile:
json.dump(versions, outfile, indent=4)
scripts/install-requirements.sh
Executable
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#!/bin/bash
# This script installs required Debian packages, Python packages, and third-party tools
# If you're running on a different platform or architecture, you'll need to manually
# install equivalents for your environment
# Set up tools directory
SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath "$0"))
TOOL_PATH="$SCRIPT_PATH/../tools"
mkdir -p $TOOL_PATH
# Python 3, pip, wget, zip, tar
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip wget zip tar
# Python packages
python3 -m pip install -r "$SCRIPT_PATH/requirements.txt"
# DNSx
GOBIN=$TOOL_PATH go install github.com/projectdiscovery/dnsx/cmd/[email protected]
# Fingerprintx
GOBIN=$TOOL_PATH go install github.com/praetorian-inc/fingerprintx/cmd/[email protected]
# Exchange Server version table
python3 $SCRIPT_PATH/get-exchange-versions.py
scripts/requirements.txt
+4
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requests==2.32.5
urllib3==2.5.0
mmh3==5.2.1
beautifulsoup4==4.14.2