The binary GCD algorithm is based on the following facts:
1. If a and b are all evens, then gcd(a,b) = 2 * gcd(a/2, b/2)
2. If a is even and b is odd, then gcd(a,b) = gcd(a/2, b)
3. If a and b are all odds, then gcd(a,b) = gcd((a-b)/2, b) = gcd((a+b)/2, b)
Even on x86 machines with reasonable division hardware, the binary
algorithm runs about 25% faster (80% the execution time) than the
division-based Euclidian algorithm.
On platforms like Alpha and ARMv6 where division is a function call to
emulation code, it's even more significant.
There are two variants of the code here, depending on whether a fast
__ffs (find least significant set bit) instruction is available. This
allows the unpredictable branches in the bit-at-a-time shifting loop to
be eliminated.
If fast __ffs is not available, the "even/odd" GCD variant is used.
I use the following code to benchmark:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define swap(a, b) \
do { \
a ^= b; \
b ^= a; \
a ^= b; \
} while (0)
unsigned long gcd0(unsigned long a, unsigned long b)
{
unsigned long r;
if (a < b) {
swap(a, b);
}
if (b == 0)
return a;
while ((r = a % b) != 0) {
a = b;
b = r;
}
return b;
}
unsigned long gcd1(unsigned long a, unsigned long b)
{
unsigned long r = a | b;
if (!a || !b)
return r;
b >>= __builtin_ctzl(b);
for (;;) {
a >>= __builtin_ctzl(a);
if (a == b)
return a << __builtin_ctzl(r);
if (a < b)
swap(a, b);
a -= b;
}
}
unsigned long gcd2(unsigned long a, unsigned long b)
{
unsigned long r = a | b;
if (!a || !b)
return r;
r &= -r;
while (!(b & r))
b >>= 1;
for (;;) {
while (!(a & r))
a >>= 1;
if (a == b)
return a;
if (a < b)
swap(a, b);
a -= b;
a >>= 1;
if (a & r)
a += b;
a >>= 1;
}
}
unsigned long gcd3(unsigned long a, unsigned long b)
{
unsigned long r = a | b;
if (!a || !b)
return r;
b >>= __builtin_ctzl(b);
if (b == 1)
return r & -r;
for (;;) {
a >>= __builtin_ctzl(a);
if (a == 1)
return r & -r;
if (a == b)
return a << __builtin_ctzl(r);
if (a < b)
swap(a, b);
a -= b;
}
}
unsigned long gcd4(unsigned long a, unsigned long b)
{
unsigned long r = a | b;
if (!a || !b)
return r;
r &= -r;
while (!(b & r))
b >>= 1;
if (b == r)
return r;
for (;;) {
while (!(a & r))
a >>= 1;
if (a == r)
return r;
if (a == b)
return a;
if (a < b)
swap(a, b);
a -= b;
a >>= 1;
if (a & r)
a += b;
a >>= 1;
}
}
static unsigned long (*gcd_func[])(unsigned long a, unsigned long b) = {
gcd0, gcd1, gcd2, gcd3, gcd4,
};
#define TEST_ENTRIES (sizeof(gcd_func) / sizeof(gcd_func[0]))
#if defined(__x86_64__)
#define rdtscll(val) do { \
unsigned long __a,__d; \
__asm__ __volatile__("rdtsc" : "=a" (__a), "=d" (__d)); \
(val) = ((unsigned long long)__a) | (((unsigned long long)__d)<<32); \
} while(0)
static unsigned long long benchmark_gcd_func(unsigned long (*gcd)(unsigned long, unsigned long),
unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long *res)
{
unsigned long long start, end;
unsigned long long ret;
unsigned long gcd_res;
rdtscll(start);
gcd_res = gcd(a, b);
rdtscll(end);
if (end >= start)
ret = end - start;
else
ret = ~0ULL - start + 1 + end;
*res = gcd_res;
return ret;
}
#else
static inline struct timespec read_time(void)
{
struct timespec time;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &time);
return time;
}
static inline unsigned long long diff_time(struct timespec start, struct timespec end)
{
struct timespec temp;
if ((end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec) < 0) {
temp.tv_sec = end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec - 1;
temp.tv_nsec = 1000000000ULL + end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec;
} else {
temp.tv_sec = end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec;
temp.tv_nsec = end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec;
}
return temp.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + temp.tv_nsec;
}
static unsigned long long benchmark_gcd_func(unsigned long (*gcd)(unsigned long, unsigned long),
unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long *res)
{
struct timespec start, end;
unsigned long gcd_res;
start = read_time();
gcd_res = gcd(a, b);
end = read_time();
*res = gcd_res;
return diff_time(start, end);
}
#endif
static inline unsigned long get_rand()
{
if (sizeof(long) == 8)
return (unsigned long)rand() << 32 | rand();
else
return rand();
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned int seed = time(0);
int loops = 100;
int repeats = 1000;
unsigned long (*res)[TEST_ENTRIES];
unsigned long long elapsed[TEST_ENTRIES];
int i, j, k;
for (;;) {
int opt = getopt(argc, argv, "n:r:s:");
/* End condition always first */
if (opt == -1)
break;
switch (opt) {
case 'n':
loops = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'r':
repeats = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 's':
seed = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
break;
default:
/* You won't actually get here. */
break;
}
}
res = malloc(sizeof(unsigned long) * TEST_ENTRIES * loops);
memset(elapsed, 0, sizeof(elapsed));
srand(seed);
for (j = 0; j < loops; j++) {
unsigned long a = get_rand();
/* Do we have args? */
unsigned long b = argc > optind ? strtoul(argv[optind], NULL, 10) : get_rand();
unsigned long long min_elapsed[TEST_ENTRIES];
for (k = 0; k < repeats; k++) {
for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) {
unsigned long long tmp = benchmark_gcd_func(gcd_func[i], a, b, &res[j][i]);
if (k == 0 || min_elapsed[i] > tmp)
min_elapsed[i] = tmp;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++)
elapsed[i] += min_elapsed[i];
}
for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++)
printf("gcd%d: elapsed %llu\n", i, elapsed[i]);
k = 0;
srand(seed);
for (j = 0; j < loops; j++) {
unsigned long a = get_rand();
unsigned long b = argc > optind ? strtoul(argv[optind], NULL, 10) : get_rand();
for (i = 1; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++) {
if (res[j][i] != res[j][0])
break;
}
if (i < TEST_ENTRIES) {
if (k == 0) {
k = 1;
fprintf(stderr, "Error:\n");
}
fprintf(stderr, "gcd(%lu, %lu): ", a, b);
for (i = 0; i < TEST_ENTRIES; i++)
fprintf(stderr, "%ld%s", res[j][i], i < TEST_ENTRIES - 1 ? ", " : "\n");
}
}
if (k == 0)
fprintf(stderr, "PASS\n");
free(res);
return 0;
}
Compiled with "-O2", on "VirtualBox 4.4.0-22-generic #38-Ubuntu x86_64" got:
zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10
gcd0: elapsed 10174
gcd1: elapsed 2120
gcd2: elapsed 2902
gcd3: elapsed 2039
gcd4: elapsed 2812
PASS
zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10
gcd0: elapsed 9309
gcd1: elapsed 2280
gcd2: elapsed 2822
gcd3: elapsed 2217
gcd4: elapsed 2710
PASS
zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10
gcd0: elapsed 9589
gcd1: elapsed 2098
gcd2: elapsed 2815
gcd3: elapsed 2030
gcd4: elapsed 2718
PASS
zhaoxiuzeng@zhaoxiuzeng-VirtualBox:~/develop$ ./gcd -r 500000 -n 10
gcd0: elapsed 9914
gcd1: elapsed 2309
gcd2: elapsed 2779
gcd3: elapsed 2228
gcd4: elapsed 2709
PASS
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid #defining a CONFIG_ variable]
Signed-off-by: Zhaoxiu Zeng <zhaoxiu.zeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Define HAVE_EXIT_THREAD for archs which want to do something in
exit_thread. For others, let's define exit_thread as an empty inline.
This is a cleanup before we change the prototype of exit_thread to
accept a task parameter.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mips]
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Koichi Yasutake <yasutake.koichi@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Lennox Wu <lennox.wu@gmail.com>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Steven Miao <realmz6@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
- fsnotify fix
- poll() timeout fix
- a few scripts/ tweaks
- debugobjects updates
- the (small) ocfs2 queue
- Minor fixes to kernel/padata.c
- Maybe half of the MM queue
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (117 commits)
mm, page_alloc: restore the original nodemask if the fast path allocation failed
mm, page_alloc: uninline the bad page part of check_new_page()
mm, page_alloc: don't duplicate code in free_pcp_prepare
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of pages allocated from the PCP
mm, page_alloc: defer debugging checks of freed pages until a PCP drain
cpuset: use static key better and convert to new API
mm, page_alloc: inline pageblock lookup in page free fast paths
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary variable from free_pcppages_bulk
mm, page_alloc: pull out side effects from free_pages_check
mm, page_alloc: un-inline the bad part of free_pages_check
mm, page_alloc: check multiple page fields with a single branch
mm, page_alloc: remove field from alloc_context
mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice
mm, page_alloc: shortcut watermark checks for order-0 pages
mm, page_alloc: reduce cost of fair zone allocation policy retry
mm, page_alloc: shorten the page allocator fast path
mm, page_alloc: check once if a zone has isolated pageblocks
mm, page_alloc: move __GFP_HARDWALL modifications out of the fastpath
mm, page_alloc: simplify last cpupid reset
mm, page_alloc: remove unnecessary initialisation from __alloc_pages_nodemask()
...
I've just discovered that the useful-sounding has_transparent_hugepage()
is actually an architecture-dependent minefield: on some arches it only
builds if CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y, on others it's also there when
not, but on some of those (arm and arm64) it then gives the wrong
answer; and on mips alone it's marked __init, which would crash if
called later (but so far it has not been called later).
Straighten this out: make it available to all configs, with a sensible
default in asm-generic/pgtable.h, removing its definitions from those
arches (arc, arm, arm64, sparc, tile) which are served by the default,
adding #define has_transparent_hugepage has_transparent_hugepage to
those (mips, powerpc, s390, x86) which need to override the default at
runtime, and removing the __init from mips (but maybe that kind of code
should be avoided after init: set a static variable the first time it's
called).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> [arch/arc]
Acked-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> [arch/s390]
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This time round the update brings in following changes:
- New tegra driver for ADMA device
- Support for Xilinx AXI Direct Memory Access Engine and Xilinx AXI Central
Direct Memory Access Engine and few updates to this driver.
- New cyclic capability to sun6i and few updates.
- Slave-sg support in bcm2835.
- Updates to many drivers like designware, hsu, mv_xor, pxa, edma,
qcom_hidma & bam.
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Merge tag 'dmaengine-4.7-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma
Pull dmaengine updates from Vinod Koul:
"This time round the update brings in following changes:
- new tegra driver for ADMA device
- support for Xilinx AXI Direct Memory Access Engine and Xilinx AXI
Central Direct Memory Access Engine and few updates to this driver
- new cyclic capability to sun6i and few updates
- slave-sg support in bcm2835
- updates to many drivers like designware, hsu, mv_xor, pxa, edma,
qcom_hidma & bam"
* tag 'dmaengine-4.7-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma: (84 commits)
dmaengine: ioatdma: disable relaxed ordering for ioatdma
dmaengine: of_dma: approximate an average distribution
dmaengine: core: Use IS_ENABLED() instead of checking for built-in or module
dmaengine: edma: Re-evaluate errors when ccerr is triggered w/o error event
dmaengine: qcom_hidma: add support for object hierarchy
dmaengine: qcom_hidma: add debugfs hooks
dmaengine: qcom_hidma: implement lower level hardware interface
dmaengine: vdma: Add clock support
Documentation: DT: vdma: Add clock support for dmas
dmaengine: vdma: Add config structure to differentiate dmas
MAINTAINERS: Update Tegra DMA maintainers
dmaengine: tegra-adma: Add support for Tegra210 ADMA
Documentation: DT: Add binding documentation for NVIDIA ADMA
dmaengine: vdma: Add Support for Xilinx AXI Central Direct Memory Access Engine
Documentation: DT: vdma: update binding doc for AXI CDMA
dmaengine: vdma: Add Support for Xilinx AXI Direct Memory Access Engine
Documentation: DT: vdma: update binding doc for AXI DMA
dmaengine: vdma: Rename xilinx_vdma_ prefix to xilinx_dma
dmaengine: slave means at least one of DMA_SLAVE, DMA_CYCLIC
dmaengine: mv_xor: Allow selecting mv_xor for mvebu only compatible SoC
...
- Support for EZChip (now Mellanox) NPS-400 Network processor based on ARC700
http://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_npu/PB_NPS-400.pdf
- NPS interrupt controller and clocksource drivers
- ARC timers probed off DT
- ARC iqrchips switching to linear domain (upgrade from legacy domains)
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Merge tag 'arc-4.7-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc
Pull ARC updates from Vineet Gupta:
"We have a relatively big changeset for ARC for 4.7.
The highlight is support for EZChip (now Mellanox) NPS-400 network
processor, a 400-Gb throughput C-programmable packet processor based
on ARC700 cores from Synopsys. See
http://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_npu/PB_NPS-400.pdf
Also present are irqchip and clocksource drivers for NPS as agreed
with respective maintainers to go via ARC tree due to an soc header
dependency. I have the needed ACKs from Jason, Marc, Daniel. You
might run into a trivial merge conflict in drivers/irqchip/*
This EZChip platform support required some deep changes in ARC
architecture code and also opportunity to cleanup past sins (legacy
irq domains, missing irq domain lookup, hard coded timer irqs...)
Summary:
- Support for EZChip (now Mellanox) NPS-400 Network processor based
on ARC700
- NPS interrupt controller and clocksource drivers
- ARC timers probed off DT
- ARC iqrchips switching to linear domain (upgrade from legacy
domains)"
* tag 'arc-4.7-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc: (37 commits)
arc: axs103_smp: Fix CPU frequency to 100MHz for dual-core
arc: axs10x: Add DT bindings for I2S PLL Clock
ARC: pae: STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS was broken
ARC: Add eznps platform to Kconfig and Makefile
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated cpu_relax()
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated identity auxiliary register.
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated SMP barriers
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated atomic/bitops/cmpxchg
ARC: [plat-eznps] Use dedicated user stack top
ARC: [plat-eznps] Add eznps platform
ARC: [plat-eznps] Add eznps board defconfig and dts
ARC: Mark secondary cpu online only after all HW setup is done
ARC: rwlock: disable interrupts in !LLSC variant
ARC: Make vmalloc size configurable
ARC: clean out UAPI byteorder.h clean off Kconfig symbol
irqchip: add nps Internal and external irqchips
clocksource: Add NPS400 timers driver
soc: Support for EZchip SoC
Documentation: Add EZchip vendor to binding list
...
The most recent release of AXS103 [v1.1] is proven to work
at 100 MHz in dual-core mode so this change uses mentioned feature.
For that we:
* Update axc003_idu.dtsi with mention of really-used CPU clock freq
* Remove clock override in AXS platform code for dual-core HW
Note we're still leaving a hack for clock "downgrade" on early boot
for quad-core hardware.
Also note this change will break functionality of AXS103 v1.0 hardware.
That means all users of AXS103 __must__ upgrade their boards with the
most recent firmware.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Core infrastructural changes:
- Support for natively single-ended GPIO driver stages. This
means that if the hardware has registers to configure open
drain or open source configuration, we use that rather than
(as we did before) try to emulate it by switching the line
to an input to get high impedance. This is also documented
throughly in Documentation/gpio/driver.txt for those of you
who did not understand one word of what I just wrote.
- Start to do away with the unnecessarily complex and
unitelligible ARCH_REQUIRE_GPIOLIB and
ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB, another evolutional artifact from
the time when the GPIO subsystem was unmaintained. Archs can
now just select GPIOLIB and be done with it, cleanups to
arches will trickle in for the next kernel. Some minor archs
ACKed the changes immediately so these are included in this
pull request.
- Advancing the use of the data pointer inside the GPIO device
for storing driver data by switching the PowerPC, Super-H
Unicore and a few other subarches or subsystem drivers in
ALSA SoC, Input, serial, SSB, staging etc to use it.
- The initialization now reads the input/output state of the
GPIO lines, so that each GPIO descriptor knows - if this
callback is implemented - whether the line is input or
output. This also reflects nicely in userspace "lsgpio".
- It is now possible to name GPIO producer names, line names,
from the device tree. (Platform data has been supported for
a while.) I bet we will get a similar mechanism for ACPI
one of those days. This makes is possible to get sensible
producer names for e.g. GPIO rails in "lsgpio" in userspace.
New drivers:
- New driver for the Loongson1.
- The XLP driver now supports Broadcom Vulcan ARM64.
- The IT87 driver now supports IT8620 and IT8628.
- The PCA953X driver now supports Galileo Gen2.
Driver improvements:
- MCP23S08 was switched to use the gpiolib irqchip helpers and
now also suppors level-triggered interrupts.
- 74x164 and RCAR now supports the .set_multiple() callback
- AMDPT was converted to use generic GPIO.
- TC3589x, TPS65218, SX150X, F7188X, MENZ127, VX855, WM831X, WM8994
support the new single ended callback for open drain
and in some cases open source.
- Implement the .get_direction() callback for a few more drivers
like PL061, Xgene.
Cleanups:
- Paul Gortmaker combed through the drivers and de-modularized
those who are not really modules.
- Move the GPIO poweroff DT bindings to the power subdir where
they belong.
- Rename gpio-generic.c to gpio-mmio.c, which is much more to the
point. That's what it is handling, nothing more, nothing less.
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Merge tag 'gpio-v4.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio
Pull GPIO updates from Linus Walleij:
"This is the bulk of GPIO changes for kernel cycle v4.7:
Core infrastructural changes:
- Support for natively single-ended GPIO driver stages.
This means that if the hardware has registers to configure open
drain or open source configuration, we use that rather than (as we
did before) try to emulate it by switching the line to an input to
get high impedance.
This is also documented throughly in Documentation/gpio/driver.txt
for those of you who did not understand one word of what I just
wrote.
- Start to do away with the unnecessarily complex and unitelligible
ARCH_REQUIRE_GPIOLIB and ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB, another
evolutional artifact from the time when the GPIO subsystem was
unmaintained.
Archs can now just select GPIOLIB and be done with it, cleanups to
arches will trickle in for the next kernel. Some minor archs ACKed
the changes immediately so these are included in this pull request.
- Advancing the use of the data pointer inside the GPIO device for
storing driver data by switching the PowerPC, Super-H Unicore and
a few other subarches or subsystem drivers in ALSA SoC, Input,
serial, SSB, staging etc to use it.
- The initialization now reads the input/output state of the GPIO
lines, so that each GPIO descriptor knows - if this callback is
implemented - whether the line is input or output. This also
reflects nicely in userspace "lsgpio".
- It is now possible to name GPIO producer names, line names, from
the device tree. (Platform data has been supported for a while).
I bet we will get a similar mechanism for ACPI one of those days.
This makes is possible to get sensible producer names for e.g.
GPIO rails in "lsgpio" in userspace.
New drivers:
- New driver for the Loongson1.
- The XLP driver now supports Broadcom Vulcan ARM64.
- The IT87 driver now supports IT8620 and IT8628.
- The PCA953X driver now supports Galileo Gen2.
Driver improvements:
- MCP23S08 was switched to use the gpiolib irqchip helpers and now
also suppors level-triggered interrupts.
- 74x164 and RCAR now supports the .set_multiple() callback
- AMDPT was converted to use generic GPIO.
- TC3589x, TPS65218, SX150X, F7188X, MENZ127, VX855, WM831X, WM8994
support the new single ended callback for open drain and in some
cases open source.
- Implement the .get_direction() callback for a few more drivers like
PL061, Xgene.
Cleanups:
- Paul Gortmaker combed through the drivers and de-modularized those
who are not really modules.
- Move the GPIO poweroff DT bindings to the power subdir where they
belong.
- Rename gpio-generic.c to gpio-mmio.c, which is much more to the
point. That's what it is handling, nothing more, nothing less"
* tag 'gpio-v4.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio: (126 commits)
MIPS: do away with ARCH_[WANT_OPTIONAL|REQUIRE]_GPIOLIB
gpio: zevio: make it explicitly non-modular
gpio: timberdale: make it explicitly non-modular
gpio: stmpe: make it explicitly non-modular
gpio: sodaville: make it explicitly non-modular
pinctrl: sh-pfc: Let gpio_chip.to_irq() return zero on error
gpio: dwapb: Add ACPI device ID for DWAPB GPIO controller on X-Gene platforms
gpio: dt-bindings: add wd,mbl-gpio bindings
gpio: of: make it possible to name GPIO lines
gpio: make gpiod_to_irq() return negative for NO_IRQ
gpio: xgene: implement .get_direction()
gpio: xgene: Enable ACPI support for X-Gene GFC GPIO driver
gpio: tegra: Implement gpio_get_direction callback
gpio: set up initial state from .get_direction()
gpio: rename gpio-generic.c into gpio-mmio.c
gpio: generic: fix GPIO_GENERIC_PLATFORM is set to module case
gpio: dwapb: add gpio-signaled acpi event support
gpio: dwapb: convert device node to fwnode
gpio: dwapb: remove name from dwapb_port_property
gpio/qoriq: select IRQ_DOMAIN
...
The default 256 bytes sometimes is just not enough.
We usually provide earlycon=... and console=... and ip=...
All this and more may need more room.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Since the CTOP is SMT hardware multi-threaded, we need to hint
the HW that now will be a very good time to do a hardware
thread context switching. This is done by issuing the schd.rw
instruction (binary coded here so as to not require specific
revision of GCC to build the kernel).
sched.rw means that Thread becomes eligible for execution by
the threads scheduler after all pending read/write
transactions were completed.
Implementing cpu_relax_lowlatency() with barrier()
Since with current semantics of cpu_relax() it may take a
while till yielded CPU will get back.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
With generic "identity" num of CPUs is limited to 256 (8 bit).
We use our alternative AUX register GLOBAL_ID (12 bit).
Now we can support up to 4096 CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
NPS device got 256 cores and each got 16 HW threads (SMT).
We use EZchip dedicated ISA to trigger HW scheduler of the
core that current HW thread belongs to.
This scheduling makes sure that data beyond barrier is available
to all HW threads in core and by that to all in device (4K).
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
We need our own implementaions since we lack LLSC support.
Our extended ISA provided with optimized solution for all 32bit
operations we see in these three headers.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
NPS use special mapping right below TASK_SIZE.
Hence we need to lower STACK_TOP so that user stack won't
overlap NPS special mapping.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
In SMP setup, master loops for each_present_cpu calling cpu_up().
For ARC it returns as soon as new cpu's status becomes online,
However secondary may still do HW initializing,
machine or platform hook level.
So turn secondary online only after all HW setup is done.
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
If we hold rwlock and interrupt occures we may
end up spinning on it for ever during softirq.
Note that this lock is an internal lock
and since the lock is free to be used from any context,
the lock needs to be IRQ-safe.
Below you may see an example for interrupt we get while
nl_table_lock is holding its rw->lock_mutex and we spinned
on it for ever.
The concept for the fix was taken from SPARC.
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] Stack Trace:
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] arc_unwind_core+0xb8/0x11c
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] dump_stack+0x68/0xac
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] _raw_read_lock+0xa8/0xac
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] netlink_broadcast_filtered+0x56/0x35c
[2015-05-12 19:16:12] nlmsg_notify+0x42/0xa4
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] neigh_update+0x1fe/0x44c
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] neigh_event_ns+0x40/0xa4
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] arp_process+0x46e/0x5a8
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x358/0x500
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] process_backlog+0x92/0x154
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] net_rx_action+0xb8/0x188
[2015-05-12 19:16:13] __do_softirq+0xda/0x1d8
[2015-05-12 19:16:14] irq_exit+0x8a/0x8c
[2015-05-12 19:16:14] arch_do_IRQ+0x6c/0xa8
[2015-05-12 19:16:14] handle_interrupt_level1+0xe4/0xf0
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
On ARC, lower 2G of address space is translated and used for
- user vaddr space (region 0 to 5)
- unused kernel-user gutter (region 6)
- kernel vaddr space (region 7)
where each region simply represents 256MB of address space.
The kernel vaddr space of 256MB is used to implement vmalloc, modules
So far this was enough, but not on EZChip system with 4K CPUs (given
that per cpu mechanism uses vmalloc for allocating chunks)
So allow VMALLOC_SIZE to be configurable by expanding down into the unused
kernel-user gutter region which at default 256M was excessive anyways.
Also use _BITUL() to fix a build error since PGDIR_SIZE cannot use "1UL"
as called from assembly code in mm/tlbex.S
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
[vgupta: rewrote changelog, debugged bootup crash due to int vs. hex]
Acked-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
UAPI header should not use Kconfig items
Use __BIG_ENDIAN__ defined as a compiler intrinsic
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
[vgupta: fix changelog]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
There are no more users of this - so RIP!
Signed-off-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
[vgupta: update changelog]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
We no longer use it and instead a real clk device such as fixed-clk
instance is fed to timers etc.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
[vgupta: broken out of a bigger patch, rewrote changelog]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
UARTs usually have fixed clock so we're switching to use of
constant values instead of something derived from core clock
frequency.
Among other things this will allow us to get rid of
arc_{get|set}_core_freq() and switch to generic clock
framework later on.
Acked-by: Christian Ruppert <christian.ruppert@alitech.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Now that we have Timers probed from DT, don't need legacy domain
This however requires mapping to be called explicitly for the IRQ which
still can't (and probably never) be probed from DT such as IPI and
SOFTIRQ
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
The primary interrupt handler arch_do_IRQ() was passing hwirq as linux
virq to core code. This was fragile and worked so far as we only had legacy/linear
domains.
This came out of a rant by Marc Zyngier.
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-snps-arc/2015-December/000298.html
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
This will be needed for switching to linear irq domain as
irq_create_mapping() called by intr code needs the IRQ numbers
in addition to existing usage in mcip.c for requesting the irq
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
- Remove explicit clocksource setup and let it be done by OF framework
by defining CLOCKSOURCE_OF_DECLARE() for various timers
- This allows multiple clocksources to be potentially registered
simultaneouly: previously we could only do one - as all of them had
same arc_counter_setup() routine for registration
- Setup routines also ensure that the underlying timer actually exists.
- Remove some of the panic() calls if underlying timer is NOT detected as
fallback clocksource might still be available
1. If GRFC doesn't exist, jiffies clocksource gets registered anyways
2. if RTC doesn't exist, TIMER1 can take over (as it is always
present)
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
- timer frequency is derived from DT (no longer rely on top level
DT "clock-frequency" probed early and exported by asm/clk.h)
- TIMER0_IRQ need not be exported across arch code, confined to intc as
it is property of same
- Any failures in clockevent setup are considered pedantic and system
panic()'s as there is no generic fallback (unlike clocksource where
a jiffies based soft clocksource always exists)
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
ARC Timers have historically been probed directly.
As precursor to start probing Timers thru DT introduce these bindings
Note that to keep series bisectable, these bindings are not yet used in
code.
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Cc: devicetree@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
This allows us to introduce timers in DT in next commit
The core clk frequency hack in AXS103 platform is also extended,
where the core clk feeding into timers is updated in-place in FDT.
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Cc: devicetree@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
... and add them to plat-sim DTS.
This allows for future change to introduce timers in DT in single place
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
- call clocksource_probe()
- This in turns needs of_clk_init() to be called earlier
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
[vgupta: broken off from a bigger patch]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
ARC Timers so far have been handled as "legacy" w/o explicit description
in DT. This poses challenge for newer platforms wanting to use them.
This series will eventually help move timers over to DT.
This patch does a small change of using a CPU notifier to set clockevent
on non-boot CPUs. So explicit setup is done only on boot CPU (which will
later be done by DT)
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
[vgupta: broken off from a bigger patch]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
- The idea is to remove the API usage since it has a subltle
design flaw - relies on being called on cpu0 first. This is true for
some early per cpu irqs such as TIMER/IPI, but not for late probed
per cpu peripherals such a perf. And it's usage in perf has already
bitten us once: see c6317bc7c5
("ARCv2: perf: Ensure perf intr gets enabled on all cores") where we
ended up open coding it anyways
- The seeming duplication will go away once we start using cpu notifier
for timer setup
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Initial HIGHMEM support on ARC was introduced for PAE40 where the low
memory (0x8000_0000 based) and high memory (0x1_0000_0000) were
physically contiguous. So CONFIG_FLATMEM sufficed (despite a peipheral
hole in the middle, which wasted a bit of struct page memory, but things
worked).
However w/o PAE, highmem was not possible and we could only reach
~1.75GB of DDR. Now there is a use case to access ~4GB of DDR w/o PAE40
The idea is to have low memory at canonical 0x8000_0000 and highmem
at 0 so enire 4GB address space is available for physical addressing
This needs additional platform/interconnect mapping to convert
the non contiguous physical addresses into linear bus adresses.
From Linux point of view, non contiguous divide means FLATMEM no
longer works and DISCONTIGMEM is needed to track the pfns in the 2
regions.
This scheme would also work for PAE40, only better in that we don't
waste struct page memory for the peripheral hole.
The DT description will be something like
memory {
...
reg = <0x80000000 0x200000000 /* 512MB: lowmem */
0x00000000 0x10000000>; /* 256MB: highmem */
}
Signed-off-by: Noam Camus <noamc@ezchip.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
So a benign looking cleanup which macro'ized PAGE_SHIFT shifts turned
out to be bad (since it was done non-sensically across the board).
It caused boot failures with PAE40 as forced cast to (unsigned long)
from newly introduced virt_to_pfn() was causing truncatiion of the
(long long) pte/paddr values.
It is OK to use this in accessors dealing with kernel virtual address,
pointers etc, but not for PTE values themelves.
Fixes: cJ2ff5cf2735c ("ARC: mm: Use virt_to_pfn() for addr >> PAGE_SHIFT pattern)
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
While reviewing a different change to asm-generic/io.h Arnd spotted that
ARC ioread32 and ioread32be both of which come from asm-generic versions
are not symmetrical in terms of calling the io barriers.
generic ioread32 -> ARC readl() [ has barriers]
generic ioread32be -> __be32_to_cpu(__raw_readl()) [ lacks barriers]
While generic ioread32be is being remediated to call readl(), that involves
a swab32(), causing double swaps on ioread32be() on Big Endian systems.
So provide our versions of big endian IO accessors to ensure io barrier
calls while also keeping them optimal
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [4.2+]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
There several changes are done here:
- Convert the property to be in bytes
Besides that this is a common practice for such property, the use of a value
in bytes much more convenient than handling the encoded one.
- Rename data_width to data-width in the device tree bindings
The change leaves the support for the old format as well just in case someone
will use a newer kernel with an old device tree blob.
- While here, replace dwc_fast_ffs() by __ffs()
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
- The asm helpers for calling into irq tracer were missing
- Add calls to above helpers in low level assembly entry code for ARCv2
- irq_save() uses CLRI to disable interrupts and returns the prev interrupt
state (in STATUS32) in a specific encoding (and not the raw value of
STATUS32). This is usable with SETI in irq_restore(). However
save_flags() reads the raw value of STATUS32 which doesn't pair with
irq_save/restore() and thus needs fixing.
Signed-off-by: Evgeny Voevodin <evgeny.voevodin@intel.com>
[vgupta: updated changelog and also added some comments]
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
- Kconfig splat due to pcie rework
- Making ethernet work again on axs103
- Provide fb_pgprotect() for future Video driver integration
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Merge tag 'arc-4.6-rc4-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc
Pull ARC fixes from Vineet Gupta:
- fix Kconfig splat due to pcie rework
- make ethernet work again on axs103
- provide fb_pgprotect() for future video driver integration
* tag 'arc-4.6-rc4-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vgupta/arc:
ARC: [plat-axs103] Enable loop block devices
Revert "ARC: [plat-axs10x] add Ethernet PHY description in .dts"
arc: Add our own implementation of fb_pgprotect()
ARC: Don't source drivers/pci/pcie/Kconfig ourselves
As mentioned in LTP's README.ARC:
------------->8------------
Requirements for the environment
* Linux must be built with support of loop block devices. Thus it's
necessary to enable these Linux kernel options:
CONFIG_BLK_DEV
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP
------------->8------------
enabling loop block devices.
That among other things lead to additional 10 fatal signals
appearing during LTP run.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
