Commit Graph

80 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Paul E. McKenney
80d02085d9 Revert "rcu: Decrease memory-barrier usage based on semi-formal proof"
This reverts commit e59fb3120b.

This reversion was due to (extreme) boot-time slowdowns on SPARC seen by
Yinghai Lu and on x86 by Ingo
.
This is a non-trivial reversion due to intervening commits.

Conflicts:

	Documentation/RCU/trace.txt
	kernel/rcutree.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-05-19 23:25:29 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
5ece5bab3e rcu: Add forward-progress diagnostic for per-CPU kthreads
Increment a per-CPU counter on each pass through rcu_cpu_kthread()'s
service loop, and add it to the rcudata trace output.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:57 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
15ba0ba860 rcu: add grace-period age and more kthread state to tracing
This commit adds the age in jiffies of the current grace period along
with the duration in jiffies of the longest grace period since boot
to the rcu/rcugp debugfs file.  It also adds an additional "O" state
to kthread tracing to differentiate between the kthread waiting due to
having nothing to do on the one hand and waiting due to being on the
wrong CPU on the other hand.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
90e6ac3657 rcu: update tracing documentation for new rcutorture and rcuboost
This commit documents the new debugfs rcu/rcutorture and rcu/rcuboost
trace files.  The description has been updated as suggested by Josh
Triplett.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
0ac3d136b2 rcu: add callback-queue information to rcudata output
This commit adds an indication of the state of the callback queue using
a string of four characters following the "ql=" integer queue length.
The first character is "N" if there are callbacks that have been
queued that are not yet ready to be handled by the next grace period, or
"." otherwise.  The second character is "R" if there are callbacks queued
that are ready to be handled by the next grace period, or "." otherwise.
The third character is "W" if there are callbacks waiting for the current
grace period, or "." otherwise.  Finally, the fourth character is "D"
if there are callbacks that have been handled by a prior grace period
and are waiting to be invoked, or ".".

Note that callbacks that are in the process of being invoked are
not shown.  These callbacks would have been removed from the rcu_data
structure's list by rcu_do_batch() prior to being executed.  (These
callbacks are also not reflected in the "ql=" total, FWIW.)

Also, document the new callback-queue trace information.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
2fa218d8bb rcu: Update RCU's trace.txt documentation for new format
The trace.txt file had obsolete output for the debugfs rcu/rcudata
file, so update it.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:56 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
12f5f524ca rcu: merge TREE_PREEPT_RCU blocked_tasks[] lists
Combine the current TREE_PREEMPT_RCU ->blocked_tasks[] lists in the
rcu_node structure into a single ->blkd_tasks list with ->gp_tasks
and ->exp_tasks tail pointers.  This is in preparation for RCU priority
boosting, which will add a third dimension to the combinatorial explosion
in the ->blocked_tasks[] case, but simply a third pointer in the new
->blkd_tasks case.

Also update documentation to reflect blocked_tasks[] merge

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
e59fb3120b rcu: Decrease memory-barrier usage based on semi-formal proof
Commit d09b62d fixed grace-period synchronization, but left some smp_mb()
invocations in rcu_process_callbacks() that are no longer needed, but
sheer paranoia prevented them from being removed.  This commit removes
them and provides a proof of correctness in their absence.  It also adds
a memory barrier to rcu_report_qs_rsp() immediately before the update to
rsp->completed in order to handle the theoretical possibility that the
compiler or CPU might move massive quantities of code into a lock-based
critical section.  This also proves that the sheer paranoia was not
entirely unjustified, at least from a theoretical point of view.

In addition, the old dyntick-idle synchronization depended on the fact
that grace periods were many milliseconds in duration, so that it could
be assumed that no dyntick-idle CPU could reorder a memory reference
across an entire grace period.  Unfortunately for this design, the
addition of expedited grace periods breaks this assumption, which has
the unfortunate side-effect of requiring atomic operations in the
functions that track dyntick-idle state for RCU.  (There is some hope
that the algorithms used in user-level RCU might be applied here, but
some work is required to handle the NMIs that user-space applications
can happily ignore.  For the short term, better safe than sorry.)

This proof assumes that neither compiler nor CPU will allow a lock
acquisition and release to be reordered, as doing so can result in
deadlock.  The proof is as follows:

1.	A given CPU declares a quiescent state under the protection of
	its leaf rcu_node's lock.

2.	If there is more than one level of rcu_node hierarchy, the
	last CPU to declare a quiescent state will also acquire the
	->lock of the next rcu_node up in the hierarchy,  but only
	after releasing the lower level's lock.  The acquisition of this
	lock clearly cannot occur prior to the acquisition of the leaf
	node's lock.

3.	Step 2 repeats until we reach the root rcu_node structure.
	Please note again that only one lock is held at a time through
	this process.  The acquisition of the root rcu_node's ->lock
	must occur after the release of that of the leaf rcu_node.

4.	At this point, we set the ->completed field in the rcu_state
	structure in rcu_report_qs_rsp().  However, if the rcu_node
	hierarchy contains only one rcu_node, then in theory the code
	preceding the quiescent state could leak into the critical
	section.  We therefore precede the update of ->completed with a
	memory barrier.  All CPUs will therefore agree that any updates
	preceding any report of a quiescent state will have happened
	before the update of ->completed.

5.	Regardless of whether a new grace period is needed, rcu_start_gp()
	will propagate the new value of ->completed to all of the leaf
	rcu_node structures, under the protection of each rcu_node's ->lock.
	If a new grace period is needed immediately, this propagation
	will occur in the same critical section that ->completed was
	set in, but courtesy of the memory barrier in  above, is still
	seen to follow any pre-quiescent-state activity.

6.	When a given CPU invokes __rcu_process_gp_end(), it becomes
	aware of the end of the old grace period and therefore makes
	any RCU callbacks that were waiting on that grace period eligible
	for invocation.

	If this CPU is the same one that detected the end of the grace
	period, and if there is but a single rcu_node in the hierarchy,
	we will still be in the single critical section.  In this case,
	the memory barrier in step  guarantees that all callbacks will
	be seen to execute after each CPU's quiescent state.

	On the other hand, if this is a different CPU, it will acquire
	the leaf rcu_node's ->lock, and will again be serialized after
	each CPU's quiescent state for the old grace period.

On the strength of this proof, this commit therefore removes the memory
barriers from rcu_process_callbacks() and adds one to rcu_report_qs_rsp().
The effect is to reduce the number of memory barriers by one and to
reduce the frequency of execution from about once per scheduling tick
per CPU to once per grace period.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
a00e0d714f rcu: Remove conditional compilation for RCU CPU stall warnings
The RCU CPU stall warnings can now be controlled using the
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress boot-time parameter or via the same parameter
from sysfs.  There is therefore no longer any reason to have
kernel config parameters for this feature.  This commit therefore
removes the RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR and RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR_RUNNABLE
kernel config parameters.  The RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT parameter remains
to allow the timeout to be tuned and the RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE parameter
remains to allow task-stall information to be suppressed if desired.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-05-05 23:16:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
fea651267e rcu: add documentation saying which RCU flavor to choose
Reported-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-03-04 08:05:25 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
2d999e03b7 rcu: update documentation/comments for Lai's adoption patch
Lai's RCU-callback immediate-adoption patch changes the RCU tracing
output, so update tracing.txt.  Also update a few comments to clarify
the synchronization design.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29 22:01:59 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
8e79e1f961 rcu: document TINY_RCU and TINY_PREEMPT_RCU tracing.
Add the required verbiage to Documentation/RCU/trace.txt.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-11-29 22:01:56 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
269dcc1c2e rcu: Add tracing data to support queueing models
The current tracing data is not sufficient to deduce the average time
that a callback spends waiting for a grace period to end.  Add three
per-CPU counters recording the number of callbacks invoked (ci), the
number of callbacks orphaned (co), and the number of callbacks adopted
(ca).  Given the existing callback queue length (ql), the average wait
time in absence of CPU hotplug operations is ql/ci.  The units of wait
time will be in terms of the duration over which ci was measured.

In the presence of CPU hotplug operations, there is room for argument,
but ql/(ci-co+ca) won't steer you too far wrong.

Also fixes a typo called out by Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-09-23 09:16:53 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
2c96c7751d rcu: upgrade stallwarn.txt documentation for CPU-bound RT processes
CPU-bound real-time processes can cause RCU CPU stall warnings, and
much other trouble as well.  Document the fact that they can cause
RCU CPU stall warnings.

Suggested-by: Darren Hart <dvhltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-23 16:34:02 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
5cc6517abd rcu: document ways of stalling updates in low-memory situations
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20 09:00:14 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
84483ea42c rcu: add shiny new debug assists to Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt
Add a section describing PROVE_RCU, DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, and
the __rcu sparse checking to the RCU checklist.

Suggested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2010-08-19 17:18:01 -07:00
Justin P. Mattock
0ea6e61122 Documentation: update broken web addresses.
Below you will find an updated version from the original series bunching all patches into one big patch
updating broken web addresses that are located in Documentation/*
Some of the addresses date as far far back as 1995 etc... so searching became a bit difficult,
the best way to deal with these is to use web.archive.org to locate these addresses that are outdated.
Now there are also some addresses pointing to .spec files some are located, but some(after searching
on the companies site)where still no where to be found. In this case I just changed the address
to the company site this way the users can contact the company and they can locate them for the users.

Signed-off-by: Justin P. Mattock <justinmattock@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weber <weber@corscience.de>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Cc: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2010-08-04 15:21:40 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
b8ae30ee26 Merge branch 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (49 commits)
  stop_machine: Move local variable closer to the usage site in cpu_stop_cpu_callback()
  sched, wait: Use wrapper functions
  sched: Remove a stale comment
  ondemand: Make the iowait-is-busy time a sysfs tunable
  ondemand: Solve a big performance issue by counting IOWAIT time as busy
  sched: Intoduce get_cpu_iowait_time_us()
  sched: Eliminate the ts->idle_lastupdate field
  sched: Fold updating of the last_update_time_info into update_ts_time_stats()
  sched: Update the idle statistics in get_cpu_idle_time_us()
  sched: Introduce a function to update the idle statistics
  sched: Add a comment to get_cpu_idle_time_us()
  cpu_stop: add dummy implementation for UP
  sched: Remove rq argument to the tracepoints
  rcu: need barrier() in UP synchronize_sched_expedited()
  sched: correctly place paranioa memory barriers in synchronize_sched_expedited()
  sched: kill paranoia check in synchronize_sched_expedited()
  sched: replace migration_thread with cpu_stop
  stop_machine: reimplement using cpu_stop
  cpu_stop: implement stop_cpu[s]()
  sched: Fix select_idle_sibling() logic in select_task_rq_fair()
  ...
2010-05-18 08:27:54 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
f1d507beea rcu: improve the RCU CPU-stall warning documentation
The existing Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt has proven unhelpful, so
rework it a bit.  In particular, show how to interpret the stall-warning
messages.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:35 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d21670acab rcu: reduce the number of spurious RCU_SOFTIRQ invocations
Lai Jiangshan noted that up to 10% of the RCU_SOFTIRQ are spurious, and
traced this down to the fact that the current grace-period machinery
will uselessly raise RCU_SOFTIRQ when a given CPU needs to go through
a quiescent state, but has not yet done so.  In this situation, there
might well be nothing that RCU_SOFTIRQ can do, and the overhead can be
worth worrying about in the ksoftirqd case.  This patch therefore avoids
raising RCU_SOFTIRQ in this situation.

Changes since v1 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/3/30/122 from Lai Jiangshan):

o	Omit the rcu_qs_pending() prechecks, as they aren't that
	much less expensive than the quiescent-state checks.

o	Merge with the set_need_resched() patch that reduces IPIs.

o	Add the new n_rp_report_qs field to the rcu_pending tracing output.

o	Update the tracing documentation accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:35 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
e7858f52a5 Merge branch 'cpu_stop' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/misc into sched/core 2010-05-08 18:11:19 +02:00
Tejun Heo
969c79215a sched: replace migration_thread with cpu_stop
Currently migration_thread is serving three purposes - migration
pusher, context to execute active_load_balance() and forced context
switcher for expedited RCU synchronize_sched.  All three roles are
hardcoded into migration_thread() and determining which job is
scheduled is slightly messy.

This patch kills migration_thread and replaces all three uses with
cpu_stop.  The three different roles of migration_thread() are
splitted into three separate cpu_stop callbacks -
migration_cpu_stop(), active_load_balance_cpu_stop() and
synchronize_sched_expedited_cpu_stop() - and each use case now simply
asks cpu_stop to execute the callback as necessary.

synchronize_sched_expedited() was implemented with private
preallocated resources and custom multi-cpu queueing and waiting
logic, both of which are provided by cpu_stop.
synchronize_sched_expedited_count is made atomic and all other shared
resources along with the mutex are dropped.

synchronize_sched_expedited() also implemented a check to detect cases
where not all the callback got executed on their assigned cpus and
fall back to synchronize_sched().  If called with cpu hotplug blocked,
cpu_stop already guarantees that and the condition cannot happen;
otherwise, stop_machine() would break.  However, this patch preserves
the paranoid check using a cpumask to record on which cpus the stopper
ran so that it can serve as a bisection point if something actually
goes wrong theree.

Because the internal execution state is no longer visible,
rcu_expedited_torture_stats() is removed.

This patch also renames cpu_stop threads to from "stopper/%d" to
"migration/%d".  The names of these threads ultimately don't matter
and there's no reason to make unnecessary userland visible changes.

With this patch applied, stop_machine() and sched now share the same
resources.  stop_machine() is faster without wasting any resources and
sched migration users are much cleaner.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com>
2010-05-06 18:49:21 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
50aec0024e rcu: Update docs for rcu_access_pointer and rcu_dereference_protected
Update examples and lists of APIs to include these new
primitives.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com
LKML-Reference: <1270852752-25278-3-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-04-14 12:20:12 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
1bd22e374b rcu: Use canonical URL for Mathieu's dissertation
The version numbers change too quickly, so use a canonical URL
that represents the most recent version.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-16-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:56 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
998f2ac3fe rcu: Fix citation of Mathieu's dissertation
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-14-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:54 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
c598a070bc rcu: Documentation update for CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
Adds a lockdep.txt file and updates checklist.txt and
whatisRCU.txt to reflect the new lockdep-enabled capabilities of
RCU.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-13-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 10:34:53 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
4c54005ca4 rcu: 1Q2010 update for RCU documentation
Add expedited functions.  Review documentation and update
obsolete verbiage.  Also fix the advice for the RCU CPU-stall
kernel configuration parameter, and document RCU CPU-stall
warnings.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12635142581866-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-16 10:25:22 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
64179861cb rcu: Add synchronize_srcu_expedited() to the documentation
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
Cc: avi@redhat.com
Cc: mtosatti@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12565226354176-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-26 09:40:31 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
0edf1a683e rcu: Update trace.txt documentation for blocked-tasks lists
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Cc: jens.axboe@oracle.com
LKML-Reference: <12555405592804-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-15 11:20:23 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
bd58b43003 rcu: Update trace.txt documentation to reflect recent changes
o	Remove the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU documentation since this
	config option has now been removed.

o	Change the now-incorrect references to "rcu" labels to
	instead be "rcu_sched".

o	Add notes stating that CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels will
	have additional "rcu_preempt" output.

o	Note the new "oqlen" field in the rcuhier output (for
	RCU callbacks orphaned by an offlined CPU).

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Cc: jens.axboe@oracle.com
LKML-Reference: <1255540559799-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-15 11:20:23 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
6b3ef48adf rcu: Remove CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
Now that CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU is in place, there is no
further need for CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.  Remove it, along with
whatever subtle bugs it may (or may not) contain.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
LKML-Reference: <125097461396-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 10:32:40 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
d6714c22b4 rcu: Renamings to increase RCU clarity
Make RCU-sched, RCU-bh, and RCU-preempt be underlying
implementations, with "RCU" defined in terms of one of the
three.  Update the outdated rcu_qsctr_inc() names, as these
functions no longer increment anything.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
LKML-Reference: <12509746132696-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 10:32:37 +02:00
Ingo Molnar
fa08661af8 Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc6' into core/rcu
Merge reason: the branch was on pre-rc1 .30, update to latest.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-15 18:56:13 +02:00
Eric Dumazet
941297f443 netfilter: nf_conntrack: nf_conntrack_alloc() fixes
When a slab cache uses SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, we must be careful when allocating
objects, since slab allocator could give a freed object still used by lockless
readers.

In particular, nf_conntrack RCU lookups rely on ct->tuplehash[xxx].hnnode.next
being always valid (ie containing a valid 'nulls' value, or a valid pointer to next
object in hash chain.)

kmem_cache_zalloc() setups object with NULL values, but a NULL value is not valid
for ct->tuplehash[xxx].hnnode.next.

Fix is to call kmem_cache_alloc() and do the zeroing ourself.

As spotted by Patrick, we also need to make sure lookup keys are committed to
memory before setting refcount to 1, or a lockless reader could get a reference
on the old version of the object. Its key re-check could then pass the barrier.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
2009-07-16 14:03:40 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
240ebbf81f rcu: Add synchronize_sched_expedited() rcutorture doc + updates
This patch updates the rcutorture documentation to include
updated output format.  It also brings the RCU documentation up
to date.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: dada1@cosmosbay.com
Cc: zbr@ioremap.net
Cc: jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: jengelh@medozas.de
Cc: r000n@r000n.net
Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
LKML-Reference: <12459460983193-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-07-03 10:02:29 +02:00
Matt LaPlante
19f5946001 trivial: Miscellaneous documentation typo fixes
Fix various typos in documentation txts.

Signed-off-by: Matt LaPlante <kernel1@cyberdogtech.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2009-06-12 18:01:47 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
6fd9b3a40b rcu: Update RCU tracing documentation for __rcu_pending
This patch updates the RCU documentation to reflect the changes in
tracing made in the previous patch in the set.

Located-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@au1.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: anton@samba.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: manfred@colorfullife.com
Cc: cl@linux-foundation.org
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: schamp@sgi.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: ego@in.ibm.com
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: penberg@cs.helsinki.fi
Cc: andi@firstfloor.org
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
LKML-Reference: <12396834792865-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-04-14 11:33:43 +02:00
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
edd4070f5d Doc: Fix spelling in RCU/rculist_nulls.txt.
Doc: Fix spelling in RCU/rculist_nulls.txt.

Trival spelling fixes in RCU/rculist_nulls.txt.

Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@comx.dk>
Tested-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@gmail.com;->
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2009-04-02 01:33:51 -07:00
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
3943ac5d99 Doc: Fix wrong API example usage of call_rcu().
At some point the API of call_rcu() changed from three parameters
to two parameters, correct the documentation.

One confusing thing in RCU/listRCU.txt, which is NOT fixed in this patch,
is that no reason or explaination is given for using call_rcu() instead of
the normal synchronize_rcu() call.

Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@comx.dk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2009-04-02 01:33:50 -07:00
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
9ba30d7444 Doc: Fix missing whitespaces in RCU documentation.
Trivial fix while reading through the RCU docs.

Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@comx.dk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2009-04-02 01:33:50 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
0612ea00a0 rcu: documentation 1Q09 update
Update the RCU documentation to call out the need for callers of
primitives like call_rcu() and synchronize_rcu() to prevent subsequent RCU
readers from hazard.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-03-10 15:55:11 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
1df2d017fe Merge branch 'docs-next' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6
* 'docs-next' of git://git.lwn.net/linux-2.6:
  Fix a typo in the development process document.
  Document handling of bad memory
  Document RCU and unloadable modules
2009-01-08 15:52:13 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
5f34fe1cfc Merge branch 'core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (63 commits)
  stacktrace: provide save_stack_trace_tsk() weak alias
  rcu: provide RCU options on non-preempt architectures too
  printk: fix discarding message when recursion_bug
  futex: clean up futex_(un)lock_pi fault handling
  "Tree RCU": scalable classic RCU implementation
  futex: rename field in futex_q to clarify single waiter semantics
  x86/swiotlb: add default swiotlb_arch_range_needs_mapping
  x86/swiotlb: add default phys<->bus conversion
  x86: unify pci iommu setup and allow swiotlb to compile for 32 bit
  x86: add swiotlb allocation functions
  swiotlb: consolidate swiotlb info message printing
  swiotlb: support bouncing of HighMem pages
  swiotlb: factor out copy to/from device
  swiotlb: add arch hook to force mapping
  swiotlb: allow architectures to override phys<->bus<->phys conversions
  swiotlb: add comment where we handle the overflow of a dma mask on 32 bit
  rcu: fix rcutorture behavior during reboot
  resources: skip sanity check of busy resources
  swiotlb: move some definitions to header
  swiotlb: allow architectures to override swiotlb pool allocation
  ...

Fix up trivial conflicts in
  arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
  arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
  include/linux/hardirq.h
as per Ingo's suggestions.
2008-12-30 16:10:19 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
64db4cfff9 "Tree RCU": scalable classic RCU implementation
This patch fixes a long-standing performance bug in classic RCU that
results in massive internal-to-RCU lock contention on systems with
more than a few hundred CPUs.  Although this patch creates a separate
flavor of RCU for ease of review and patch maintenance, it is intended
to replace classic RCU.

This patch still handles stress better than does mainline, so I am still
calling it ready for inclusion.  This patch is against the -tip tree.
Nevertheless, experience on an actual 1000+ CPU machine would still be
most welcome.

Most of the changes noted below were found while creating an rcutiny
(which should permit ejecting the current rcuclassic) and while doing
detailed line-by-line documentation.

Updates from v9 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/12/2/334):

o	Fixes from remainder of line-by-line code walkthrough,
	including comment spelling, initialization, undesirable
	narrowing due to type conversion, removing redundant memory
	barriers, removing redundant local-variable initialization,
	and removing redundant local variables.

	I do not believe that any of these fixes address the CPU-hotplug
	issues that Andi Kleen was seeing, but please do give it a whirl
	in case the machine is smarter than I am.

	A writeup from the walkthrough may be found at the following
	URL, in case you are suffering from terminal insomnia or
	masochism:

	http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/tmp/rcutree-walkthrough.2008.12.16a.pdf

o	Made rcutree tracing use seq_file, as suggested some time
	ago by Lai Jiangshan.

o	Added a .csv variant of the rcudata debugfs trace file, to allow
	people having thousands of CPUs to drop the data into
	a spreadsheet.	Tested with oocalc and gnumeric.  Updated
	documentation to suit.

Updates from v8 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/15/139):

o	Fix a theoretical race between grace-period initialization and
	force_quiescent_state() that could occur if more than three
	jiffies were required to carry out the grace-period
	initialization.  Which it might, if you had enough CPUs.

o	Apply Ingo's printk-standardization patch.

o	Substitute local variables for repeated accesses to global
	variables.

o	Fix comment misspellings and redundant (but harmless) increments
	of ->n_rcu_pending (this latter after having explicitly added it).

o	Apply checkpatch fixes.

Updates from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/10/291):

o	Fixed a number of problems noted by Gautham Shenoy, including
	the cpu-stall-detection bug that he was having difficulty
	convincing me was real.  ;-)

o	Changed cpu-stall detection to wait for ten seconds rather than
	three in order to reduce false positive, as suggested by Ingo
	Molnar.

o	Produced a design document (http://lwn.net/Articles/305782/).
	The act of writing this document uncovered a number of both
	theoretical and "here and now" bugs as noted below.

o	Fix dynticks_nesting accounting confusion, simplify WARN_ON()
	condition, fix kerneldoc comments, and add memory barriers
	in dynticks interface functions.

o	Add more data to tracing.

o	Remove unused "rcu_barrier" field from rcu_data structure.

o	Count calls to rcu_pending() from scheduling-clock interrupt
	to use as a surrogate timebase should jiffies stop counting.

o	Fix a theoretical race between force_quiescent_state() and
	grace-period initialization.  Yes, initialization does have to
	go on for some jiffies for this race to occur, but given enough
	CPUs...

Updates from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/23/448):

o	Fix a number of checkpatch.pl complaints.

o	Apply review comments from Ingo Molnar and Lai Jiangshan
	on the stall-detection code.

o	Fix several bugs in !CONFIG_SMP builds.

o	Fix a misspelled config-parameter name so that RCU now announces
	at boot time if stall detection is configured.

o	Run tests on numerous combinations of configurations parameters,
	which after the fixes above, now build and run correctly.

Updates from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/15/92, bad subject line):

o	Fix a compiler error in the !CONFIG_FANOUT_EXACT case (blew a
	changeset some time ago, and finally got around to retesting
	this option).

o	Fix some tracing bugs in rcupreempt that caused incorrect
	totals to be printed.

o	I now test with a more brutal random-selection online/offline
	script (attached).  Probably more brutal than it needs to be
	on the people reading it as well, but so it goes.

o	A number of optimizations and usability improvements:

	o	Make rcu_pending() ignore the grace-period timeout when
		there is no grace period in progress.

	o	Make force_quiescent_state() avoid going for a global
		lock in the case where there is no grace period in
		progress.

	o	Rearrange struct fields to improve struct layout.

	o	Make call_rcu() initiate a grace period if RCU was
		idle, rather than waiting for the next scheduling
		clock interrupt.

	o	Invoke rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() only when
		idle, as suggested by Andi Kleen.  I still don't
		completely trust this change, and might back it out.

	o	Make CONFIG_RCU_TRACE be the single config variable
		manipulated for all forms of RCU, instead of the prior
		confusion.

	o	Document tracing files and formats for both rcupreempt
		and rcutree.

Updates from v4 for those missing v5 given its bad subject line:

o	Separated dynticks interface so that NMIs and irqs call separate
	functions, greatly simplifying it.  In particular, this code
	no longer requires a proof of correctness.  ;-)

o	Separated dynticks state out into its own per-CPU structure,
	avoiding the duplicated accounting.

o	The case where a dynticks-idle CPU runs an irq handler that
	invokes call_rcu() is now correctly handled, forcing that CPU
	out of dynticks-idle mode.

o	Review comments have been applied (thank you all!!!).
	For but one example, fixed the dynticks-ordering issue that
	Manfred pointed out, saving me much debugging.  ;-)

o	Adjusted rcuclassic and rcupreempt to handle dynticks changes.

Attached is an updated patch to Classic RCU that applies a hierarchy,
greatly reducing the contention on the top-level lock for large machines.
This passes 10-hour concurrent rcutorture and online-offline testing on
128-CPU ppc64 without dynticks enabled, and exposes some timekeeping
bugs in presence of dynticks (exciting working on a system where
"sleep 1" hangs until interrupted...), which were fixed in the
2.6.27 kernel.  It is getting more reliable than mainline by some
measures, so the next version will be against -tip for inclusion.
See also Manfred Spraul's recent patches (or his earlier work from
2004 at http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546384711797&w=2).
We will converge onto a common patch in the fullness of time, but are
currently exploring different regions of the design space.  That said,
I have already gratefully stolen quite a few of Manfred's ideas.

This patch provides CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT, which controls the bushiness
of the RCU hierarchy.  Defaults to 32 on 32-bit machines and 64 on
64-bit machines.  If CONFIG_NR_CPUS is less than CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT,
there is no hierarchy.  By default, the RCU initialization code will
adjust CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT to balance the hierarchy, so strongly NUMA
architectures may choose to set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_EXACT to disable
this balancing, allowing the hierarchy to be exactly aligned to the
underlying hardware.  Up to two levels of hierarchy are permitted
(in addition to the root node), allowing up to 16,384 CPUs on 32-bit
systems and up to 262,144 CPUs on 64-bit systems.  I just know that I
am going to regret saying this, but this seems more than sufficient
for the foreseeable future.  (Some architectures might wish to set
CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=4, which would limit such architectures to 64 CPUs.
If this becomes a real problem, additional levels can be added, but I
doubt that it will make a significant difference on real hardware.)

In the common case, a given CPU will manipulate its private rcu_data
structure and the rcu_node structure that it shares with its immediate
neighbors.  This can reduce both lock and memory contention by multiple
orders of magnitude, which should eliminate the need for the strange
manipulations that are reported to be required when running Linux on
very large systems.

Some shortcomings:

o	More bugs will probably surface as a result of an ongoing
	line-by-line code inspection.

	Patches will be provided as required.

o	There are probably hangs, rcutorture failures, &c.  Seems
	quite stable on a 128-CPU machine, but that is kind of small
	compared to 4096 CPUs.  However, seems to do better than
	mainline.

	Patches will be provided as required.

o	The memory footprint of this version is several KB larger
	than rcuclassic.

	A separate UP-only rcutiny patch will be provided, which will
	reduce the memory footprint significantly, even compared
	to the old rcuclassic.  One such patch passes light testing,
	and has a memory footprint smaller even than rcuclassic.
	Initial reaction from various embedded guys was "it is not
	worth it", so am putting it aside.

Credits:

o	Manfred Spraul for ideas, review comments, and bugs spotted,
	as well as some good friendly competition.  ;-)

o	Josh Triplett, Ingo Molnar, Peter Zijlstra, Mathieu Desnoyers,
	Lai Jiangshan, Andi Kleen, Andy Whitcroft, and Andrew Morton
	for reviews and comments.

o	Thomas Gleixner for much-needed help with some timer issues
	(see patches below).

o	Jon M. Tollefson, Tim Pepper, Andrew Theurer, Jose R. Santos,
	Andy Whitcroft, Darrick Wong, Nishanth Aravamudan, Anton
	Blanchard, Dave Kleikamp, and Nathan Lynch for keeping machines
	alive despite my heavy abuse^Wtesting.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-18 21:56:04 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
1c12757c56 Document RCU and unloadable modules
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2008-12-03 15:58:01 -07:00
Eric Dumazet
536533e69e rcu: documents rculist_nulls
Adds Documentation/RCU/rculist_nulls.txt file to describe how 'nulls'
end-of-list can help in some RCU algos.

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2008-11-16 19:41:14 -08:00
Lai Jiangshan
e8aed68614 doc/RCU: fix pseudocode in rcuref.txt
atomic_inc_not_zero(v) return 0 if *v = 0.
use spin_lock instead of write_lock for update lock.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-09-10 08:36:07 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
34d7c2b38d rcu: remove list_for_each_rcu()
All of the in-tree uses of list_for_each_rcu() have been converted to
list_for_each_entry_rcu(), so list_for_each_rcu() can now be removed.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-08-15 17:03:06 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
0729fbf3bc rcu: make rcutorture even more vicious: invoke RCU readers from irq handlers (timers)
This patch allows torturing RCU from irq handlers (timers, in this case).
A new module parameter irqreader enables such additional torturing,
and is enabled by default.  Variants of RCU that do not tolerate readers
being called from irq handlers (e.g., SRCU) ignore irqreader.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: josh@freedesktop.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: dino@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Cc: vegard.nossum@gmail.com
Cc: adobriyan@gmail.com
Cc: oleg@tv-sign.ru
Cc: bunk@kernel.org
Cc: rjw@sisk.pl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-26 09:24:33 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
31a72bce0b rcu: make rcutorture more vicious: reinstate boot-time testing
This patch re-institutes the ability to build rcutorture directly into
the Linux kernel.  The reason that this capability was removed was that
this could result in your kernel being pretty much useless, as rcutorture
would be running starting from early boot.  This problem has been avoided
by (1) making rcutorture run only three seconds of every six by default,
(2) adding a CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE that permits rcutorture
to be quiesced at boot time, and (3) adding a sysctl in /proc named
/proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable that permits rcutorture to be
quiesced and unquiesced when built into the kernel.

Please note that this /proc file is -not- available when rcutorture
is built as a module.  Please also note that to get the earlier
take-no-prisoners behavior, you must use the boot command line to set
rcutorture's "stutter" parameter to zero.

The rcutorture quiescing mechanism is currently quite crude: loops
in each rcutorture process that poll a global variable once per tick.
Suggestions for improvement are welcome.  The default action will
be to reduce the polling rate to a few times per second.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-19 11:22:15 +02:00