chore: bump PraisonAI to 2.2.55 and PraisonAI Agents to 0.0.129 across all files

feat: Add multi-provider/multi-model support with intelligent routing

.github/actions/gemini/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+name: 'Gemini CLI Action'
+description: 'Uses the Gemini CLI to automate software development tasks.'
+author: 'Gemini'
+
+inputs:
+  prompt:
+    description: 'A specific prompt to guide Gemini.'
+    required: false
+    default: 'You are a helpful assistant.'
+  GEMINI_API_KEY:
+    description: 'Your Gemini API key.'
+    required: true
+  OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER:
+    description: 'The workload identity provider for GCP authentication.'
+    required: false
+  OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT:
+    description: 'The Google Cloud project for telemetry.'
+    required: false
+  settings_json:
+    description: |
+      A JSON string to configure the Gemini CLI. This will be written to .gemini/settings.json.
+      To enable observability with Google Cloud, include:
+      {"telemetry": {"enabled": true, "target": "gcp"}, "sandbox": false}
+    required: false
+  version:
+    description: |
+      The version of @google/gemini-cli to execute.
+      Can be a specific version from npm (e.g., '0.1.0', 'latest'), a branch name (e.g., 'main'), or a commit hash.
+    required: false
+    default: 'latest'
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Configure Gemini CLI
+      if: inputs.settings_json != ''
+      run: |
+        mkdir -p .gemini
+        echo "$SETTINGS_JSON" > .gemini/settings.json
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        SETTINGS_JSON: ${{ inputs.settings_json }}
+
+    - name: Authenticate to Google Cloud for Telemetry 
+      if: inputs.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER != ''
+      id: auth
+      uses: 'google-github-actions/auth@v2'
+      with:
+        project_id: ${{ inputs.OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT }}
+        workload_identity_provider: ${{ inputs.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER }}
+
+    - name: Install Gemini CLI
+      id: install
+      run: |
+        if [[ "${{ inputs.version }}" == "latest" || "${{ inputs.version }}" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(-[a-zA-Z0-9\.-]+)?(\+[a-zA-Z0-9\.-]+)?$ ]]; then
+          echo "Installing Gemini CLI from npm: @google/gemini-cli@${{ inputs.version }}"
+          npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@${{ inputs.version }}
+        else
+          echo "Installing Gemini CLI from GitHub: github:google-gemini/gemini-cli#${{ inputs.version }}"
+          npm install -g github:google-gemini/gemini-cli#${{ inputs.version }}
+        fi
+        echo "Verifying installation:"
+        if command -v gemini >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+          gemini --version || echo "Gemini CLI installed successfully (version command not available)"
+        else
+          echo "Error: Gemini CLI not found in PATH"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+      shell: bash
+
+    - name: Run Gemini CLI
+      run: |
+        gemini --yolo --prompt "$PROMPT"
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ inputs.GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+        PROMPT: ${{ inputs.prompt }}
+
+branding:
+  icon: 'terminal'
+  color: 'blue'

.github/workflows/auto-issue-comment.yml

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ jobs:
               issue_number: context.issue.number,
               owner: context.repo.owner,
               repo: context.repo.repo,
-              body: '@claude review this issue and do a detailed analysis and fix this if the existing code doesn\'t have the solution implemented. Making sure it has backward compatibility, no existing features removed. After making those changes, again use multi agents to review the applied changes. Use @web to search if you dont know any information or to find the latest documentation or to find the latest version. Run the code if you think you need to run it to test it. Minimal code change to start with if required any changes.'
+              body: '@claude review this issue and do a detailed analysis and fix this if the existing code doesn\'t have the solution implemented. Making sure it has backward compatibility, no existing features removed. After making those changes, again review the applied changes. Use @web to search if you dont know any information or to find the latest documentation or to find the latest version. Run the code if you think you need to run it to test it. Minimal code change to start with if required any changes.'
             }) 

.github/workflows/auto-pr-comment.yml

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ jobs:
               issue_number: context.issue.number,
               owner: context.repo.owner,
               repo: context.repo.repo,
-              body: '@claude review this pull request and do a detailed analysis and fix this if the existing code doesn\'t have the solution implemented. Making sure it has backward compatibility, no existing features removed. After making those changes, again use multi agents to review the applied changes. Use @web to search if you dont know any information or to find the latest documentation or to find the latest version. Run the code if you think you need to run it to test it. Minimal code change to start with if required any changes.'
+              body: '@claude review this pull request and do a detailed analysis and fix this if the existing code doesn\'t have the solution implemented. Making sure it has backward compatibility, no existing features removed. After making those changes, again review the applied changes. Use @web to search if you dont know any information or to find the latest documentation or to find the latest version. Run the code if you think you need to run it to test it. Minimal code change to start with if required any changes.'
             }) 

.github/workflows/claude.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Claude Code
+name: Claude Assistant
 
 on:
   issue_comment:
@@ -6,41 +6,41 @@ on:
   pull_request_review_comment:
     types: [created]
   issues:
-    types: [opened, assigned]
+    types: [opened, assigned, labeled]
   pull_request_review:
     types: [submitted]
 
 jobs:
-  claude:
+  claude-response:
+    # Prevent bots from triggering this action
     if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@claude')) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request_review_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@claude')) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request_review' && contains(github.event.review.body, '@claude')) ||
-      (github.event_name == 'issues' && (contains(github.event.issue.body, '@claude') || contains(github.event.issue.title, '@claude')))
+      github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' &&
+      github.actor != 'github-actions[bot]' &&
+      github.actor != 'cursor[bot]' &&
+      !contains(github.actor, '[bot]') &&
+      github.actor != 'renovate[bot]'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pull-requests: read
-      issues: read
-      id-token: write
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+      actions: read
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          fetch-depth: 1
-
-      - name: Run Claude Code (OAuth)
-        id: claude
-        uses: grll/claude-code-action@beta
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          
+      - uses: anthropics/claude-code-action@beta
         with:
-          use_oauth: true
-          claude_access_token: ${{ secrets.CLAUDE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
-          claude_refresh_token: ${{ secrets.CLAUDE_REFRESH_TOKEN }}
-          claude_expires_at: ${{ secrets.CLAUDE_EXPIRES_AT }}
+          claude_code_oauth_token: ${{ secrets.CLAUDE_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          trigger_phrase: "@claude"
+          timeout_minutes: 30
 
   post-review-comment:
-    needs: claude
-    if: success() && needs.claude.result == 'success'
+    needs: claude-response
+    if: success() && needs.claude-response.result == 'success'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
       contents: read

.github/workflows/docker-publish.yml

@@ -40,5 +40,6 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
         with:
           context: .
+          file: ./docker/Dockerfile
           push: true
           tags: ghcr.io/mervinpraison/praisonai:latest

.github/workflows/gemini-issue-automated-triage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: Gemini Automated Issue Triage
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+
+jobs:
+  triage-issue:
+    if: >
+      github.event_name == 'issue_comment' &&
+      !github.event.issue.pull_request &&
+      contains(github.event.comment.body, '@gemini triage') &&
+      (github.event.comment.author_association == 'OWNER' ||
+       github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER' ||
+       github.event.comment.author_association == 'COLLABORATOR')
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+      cancel-in-progress: true
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate GitHub App Token
+        id: generate_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          token: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Run Gemini Issue Triage
+        uses: google-gemini/gemini-cli-action@main
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+          ISSUE_TITLE: ${{ github.event.issue.title }}
+          ISSUE_BODY: ${{ github.event.issue.body }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        with:
+          version: 0.1.8-rc.0
+          GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+          OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER }}
+          OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT }}
+          settings_json: |
+            {
+              "coreTools": [
+                "run_shell_command(gh label list)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh issue edit)"
+              ],
+              "telemetry": {
+                "enabled": true,
+                "target": "gcp"
+              },
+              "sandbox": false
+            }
+          prompt: |
+            You are an issue triage assistant. Analyze the current GitHub issue and apply the most appropriate existing labels.
+
+            Steps:
+            1. Run: `gh label list --limit 100` to get all available labels.
+            2. Review the issue title and body provided in the environment variables.
+            3. Select the most relevant labels from the existing labels, focusing on kind/*, area/*, and priority/*.
+            4. Apply the selected labels to this issue using: `gh issue edit ISSUE_NUMBER --add-label "label1,label2"`
+
+            Guidelines:
+            - Only use labels that already exist in the repository.
+            - Do not add comments or modify the issue content.
+            - Triage only the current issue.
+            - Assign all applicable kind/*, area/*, and priority/* labels based on the issue content.

.github/workflows/gemini-issue-review.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+name: Gemini Issue Review
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: read
+
+jobs:
+  review-issue:
+    if: >
+      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+      (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && 
+       !github.event.issue.pull_request && 
+       contains(github.event.comment.body, '@gemini') &&
+       !contains(github.event.comment.body, '@gemini triage') &&
+       (github.event.comment.author_association == 'OWNER' ||
+        github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER' ||
+        github.event.comment.author_association == 'COLLABORATOR'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate token
+        id: generate_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          token: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+
+      - name: Set up Git
+        run: |
+          git config --local user.email "[email protected]"
+          git config --local user.name "Gemini Bot"
+
+      - name: Get issue data
+        id: issue_data
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |
+          # Get issue number from event or context
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issue_comment" ]; then
+            ISSUE_NUMBER="${{ github.event.issue.number }}"
+          elif [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issues" ]; then
+            ISSUE_NUMBER="${{ github.event.issue.number }}"
+          else
+            echo "Unable to determine issue number"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          
+          # Get issue details
+          gh issue view $ISSUE_NUMBER --json title,body,labels,assignees > issue_details.json
+          
+          # Extract additional instructions from comment if triggered by comment
+          ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS=""
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issue_comment" ]; then
+            COMMENT_BODY="${{ github.event.comment.body }}"
+            ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS=$(echo "$COMMENT_BODY" | sed -n 's/.*@gemini[[:space:]]*\(.*\)/\1/p' | head -1)
+          fi
+          
+          echo "ISSUE_NUMBER=$ISSUE_NUMBER" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS=$ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Run Gemini CLI
+        uses: ./.github/actions/gemini
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ steps.issue_data.outputs.ISSUE_NUMBER }}
+          ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS: ${{ steps.issue_data.outputs.ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        with:
+          GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+          OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER }}
+          OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT }}
+          prompt: |
+            You are a helpful GitHub issue assistant. Your task is to analyze and help with GitHub issues.
+            
+            **Issue Details:**
+            - Issue Number: #${ISSUE_NUMBER}
+            - Repository: ${REPOSITORY}
+            - Issue URL: ${{ github.event.issue.html_url }}
+            
+            **Additional Instructions:** ${ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS}
+            
+            **CRITICAL: When making code modifications, follow this EXACT workflow:**
+            
+            **STEP 1: Analyze the Issue**
+            - Use: `gh issue view ${ISSUE_NUMBER} --json title,body,labels,assignees`
+            - Analyze issue content thoroughly
+            - Search codebase for related files using `glob`, `search_file_content`, `list_directory`
+            
+            **STEP 2: If Code Changes Are Needed**
+            Create a new branch with 'gemini/' prefix:
+            - Use: `git checkout -b gemini/issue-${ISSUE_NUMBER}-description`
+            - Example: `git checkout -b gemini/issue-123-fix-sequential-tools`
+            
+            **STEP 3: Make Code Modifications**
+            - Use `read_file` to examine existing code
+            - Use `write_file` or `replace` to make changes
+            - Use `search_file_content` to find related code
+            - Make focused, targeted changes to fix the issue
+            
+            **STEP 4: Test Changes (if applicable)**
+            - Run relevant tests if test files exist
+            - Use `run_shell_command` to execute test commands
+            
+            **STEP 5: Commit and Push Changes**
+            - Use: `git add .` (or specific files)
+            - Use: `git commit -m "Gemini: [Issue #${ISSUE_NUMBER}] Brief description of fix"`
+            - Use: `git push -u origin gemini/issue-${ISSUE_NUMBER}-description`
+            
+            **STEP 6: Create Pull Request**
+            - Use: `gh pr create --title "Fix #${ISSUE_NUMBER}: Issue description" --body "Fixes #${ISSUE_NUMBER}\n\nSummary of changes:\n- Change 1\n- Change 2" --head gemini/issue-${ISSUE_NUMBER}-description --base main`
+            - This will return a PR URL like: https://github.com/repo/pull/123
+            
+            **STEP 7: Comment on Issue with Results**
+            Use: `gh issue comment ${ISSUE_NUMBER} -b "MESSAGE"`
+            
+            **Your final comment MUST include:**
+            - Summary of what was analyzed
+            - What changes were made (if any)
+            - Link to the created PR (if applicable)
+            - Brief explanation of the solution
+            
+            **Example final comment:**
+            ```
+            Hi! I've analyzed and fixed this issue.
+            
+            **Problem:** Sequential tool calling was getting stuck after first tool call.
+            
+            **Solution:** Added proper prompt handling after each tool call in the Ollama model integration.
+            
+            **Changes Made:**
+            - Modified `src/praisonai-agents/ollama-sequential.py`
+            - Added continuation prompts for multi-step tool execution
+            
+            **Pull Request:** https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/pull/856
+            
+            The fix is ready for review. Please test and let me know if you encounter any issues!
+            ```
+            
+            **IMPORTANT NOTES:**
+            - Always create branches with 'gemini/' prefix
+            - Always include issue number in branch name and commit message
+            - Always create PR that references the issue
+            - Always provide PR link in your final response
+            - Use the GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable for authentication
+            
+            Please proceed with helping resolve this issue following this exact workflow.
+
+          settings_json: |
+            {
+              "coreTools": [
+                "run_shell_command(echo)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh issue view)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh issue comment)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh issue list)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh issue edit)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr create)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr view)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr list)",
+                "run_shell_command(cat)",
+                "run_shell_command(head)",
+                "run_shell_command(tail)",
+                "run_shell_command(grep)",
+                "run_shell_command(find)",
+                "run_shell_command(git checkout)",
+                "run_shell_command(git add)",
+                "run_shell_command(git commit)",
+                "run_shell_command(git push)",
+                "run_shell_command(git status)",
+                "run_shell_command(git branch)",
+                "list_directory",
+                "read_file",
+                "read_many_files",
+                "write_file",
+                "replace",
+                "glob",
+                "search_file_content",
+                "web_fetch",
+                "google_web_search",
+                "save_memory"
+              ],
+              "telemetry": {
+                "enabled": false,
+                "otlpGcpWifProvider": "${{ secrets.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER }}",
+                "googleCloudProject": "${{ secrets.OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT }}"
+              }
+            }

.github/workflows/gemini-pr-review.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+name: Gemini PR Review
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      pr_number:
+        description: 'PR number to review'
+        required: true
+        type: number
+
+jobs:
+  review-pr:
+    if: >
+      github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
+      (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && 
+       github.event.issue.pull_request && 
+       contains(github.event.comment.body, '@gemini') &&
+       (github.event.comment.author_association == 'OWNER' ||
+        github.event.comment.author_association == 'MEMBER' ||
+        github.event.comment.author_association == 'COLLABORATOR'))
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate GitHub App Token
+        id: generate_token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
+        with:
+          app-id: ${{ secrets.APP_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Determine checkout ref
+        id: checkout_ref
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issue_comment" ]; then
+            echo "ref=refs/pull/${{ github.event.issue.number }}/head" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "ref=${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Checkout PR code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          token: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+          ref: ${{ steps.checkout_ref.outputs.ref }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Get PR details
+        id: get_pr
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.inputs.pr_number }}
+          elif [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issue_comment" ]; then
+            PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          else
+            PR_NUMBER=${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+          fi
+          
+          echo "pr_number=$PR_NUMBER" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          
+          # Extract additional instructions from comment (if triggered by comment)
+          ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS=""
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "issue_comment" ]; then
+            COMMENT_BODY="${{ github.event.comment.body }}"
+            ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS=$(echo "$COMMENT_BODY" | sed 's/.*@gemini//' | xargs)
+          fi
+          echo "additional_instructions=$ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          
+          # Get PR details
+          PR_DATA=$(gh pr view $PR_NUMBER --json title,body,additions,deletions,changedFiles,baseRefName,headRefName)
+          echo "pr_data=$PR_DATA" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          
+          # Get file changes
+          CHANGED_FILES=$(gh pr diff $PR_NUMBER --name-only)
+          echo "changed_files<<EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "$CHANGED_FILES" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "EOF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Run Gemini PR Review
+        uses: ./.github/actions/gemini
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ steps.get_pr.outputs.pr_number }}
+          PR_DATA: ${{ steps.get_pr.outputs.pr_data }}
+          CHANGED_FILES: ${{ steps.get_pr.outputs.changed_files }}
+          ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS: ${{ steps.get_pr.outputs.additional_instructions }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        with:
+          version: 0.1.8-rc.0
+          GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+          OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GCP_WIF_PROVIDER }}
+          OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT: ${{ secrets.OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT }}
+          settings_json: |
+            {
+              "coreTools": [
+                "run_shell_command(echo)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr view)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr diff)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr comment)",
+                "run_shell_command(gh pr list)",
+                "run_shell_command(cat)",
+                "run_shell_command(head)",
+                "run_shell_command(tail)",
+                "run_shell_command(grep)",
+                "run_shell_command(find)",
+                "run_shell_command(git checkout)",
+                "run_shell_command(git add)",
+                "run_shell_command(git commit)",
+                "run_shell_command(git push)",
+                "run_shell_command(git status)",
+                "run_shell_command(git branch)",
+                "run_shell_command(git fetch)",
+                "list_directory",
+                "read_file",
+                "read_many_files",
+                "write_file",
+                "replace",
+                "glob",
+                "search_file_content",
+                "web_fetch",
+                "google_web_search",
+                "save_memory"
+              ],
+              "telemetry": {
+                "enabled": false,
+                "target": "gcp"
+              },
+              "sandbox": false
+            }
+          prompt: |
+            You are an expert code reviewer and AI assistant for Pull Requests. You can review code AND make modifications to improve the PR.
+
+            **PR Details:**
+            - PR Number: #$PR_NUMBER
+            - Repository: $REPOSITORY
+            - Additional Instructions: $ADDITIONAL_INSTRUCTIONS
+
+            **CRITICAL: When making code modifications, follow this EXACT workflow:**
+
+            **STEP 1: Analyze the PR**
+            - Use: `echo "$PR_DATA"` to get PR details (JSON format)
+            - Use: `echo "$CHANGED_FILES"` to get changed files list
+            - Use: `gh pr diff ${PR_NUMBER}` to see the full diff
+            - Use: `gh pr view ${PR_NUMBER} --json title,body,headRefName` to get PR info
+            - Analyze the code changes thoroughly
+
+            **STEP 2: If Code Improvements Are Needed**
+            **IMPORTANT:** DO NOT create a new branch! Work on the EXISTING PR branch.
+            - Use: `git fetch origin` to get latest changes
+            - Get PR branch name: `gh pr view ${PR_NUMBER} --json headRefName`
+            - Switch to PR branch: `git checkout BRANCH_NAME` (use actual branch name from PR)
+            - Use: `git pull origin BRANCH_NAME` to get latest PR changes
+
+            **STEP 3: Make Code Modifications**
+            - Use `read_file` to examine existing code
+            - Use `write_file` or `replace` to make improvements
+            - Use `search_file_content` to find related code
+            - Make focused, targeted improvements to the PR
+
+            **STEP 4: Test Changes (if applicable)**
+            - Run relevant tests if test files exist
+            - Use `run_shell_command` to execute test commands
+
+            **STEP 5: Commit and Push Changes to EXISTING PR Branch**
+            - Use: `git add .` (or specific files)
+            - Use: `git commit -m "Gemini: [PR #${PR_NUMBER}] Brief description of improvements"`
+            - Use: `git push origin BRANCH_NAME` (push to EXISTING PR branch)
+
+            **STEP 6: Review and Comment on PR**
+            Write comprehensive review and post comment with your analysis and any improvements made.
+            Use: `gh pr comment ${PR_NUMBER} -b "MESSAGE"`
+
+            Review Guidelines:
+            - Focus on code quality, security, performance, and maintainability
+            - Check for common issues: potential bugs, security vulnerabilities, performance bottlenecks
+            - Verify error handling and edge cases
+            - Look for code style and best practices
+            - Comment on architecture and design decisions if significant
+            - Be constructive and specific in feedback
+            - Highlight both issues and positive aspects
+            - Suggest improvements with examples when possible
+            
+            Review Areas:
+            - **Security**: Authentication, authorization, input validation, data sanitization
+            - **Performance**: Algorithms, database queries, caching, resource usage
+            - **Reliability**: Error handling, logging, testing coverage, edge cases
+            - **Maintainability**: Code structure, documentation, naming conventions
+            - **Functionality**: Logic correctness, requirements fulfillment
+            
+            Output Format:
+            Structure your review using this exact format with markdown:
+
+            ## 📋 Review Summary
+            Provide a brief 2-3 sentence overview of the PR and overall assessment.
+
+            ## 🔍 General Feedback
+            - List general observations about code quality
+            - Mention overall patterns or architectural decisions
+            - Highlight positive aspects of the implementation
+            - Note any recurring themes across files
+
+            ## 🎯 Specific Feedback
+            Only include sections below that have actual issues. If there are no issues in a priority category, omit that entire section.
+
+            ### 🔴 Critical
+            (Only include this section if there are critical issues)
+            Issues that must be addressed before merging (security vulnerabilities, breaking changes, major bugs):
+            - **File: `filename:line`** - Description of critical issue with specific recommendation
+
+            ### 🟡 High
+            (Only include this section if there are high priority issues)
+            Important issues that should be addressed (performance problems, design flaws, significant bugs):
+            - **File: `filename:line`** - Description of high priority issue with suggested fix
+
+            ### 🟢 Medium
+            (Only include this section if there are medium priority issues)
+            Improvements that would enhance code quality (style issues, minor optimizations, better practices):
+            - **File: `filename:line`** - Description of medium priority improvement
+
+            ### 🔵 Low
+            (Only include this section if there are suggestions)
+            Nice-to-have improvements and suggestions (documentation, naming, minor refactoring):
+            - **File: `filename:line`** - Description of suggestion or enhancement
+
+            **Note**: If no specific issues are found in any category, simply state "No specific issues identified in this review."
+
+            ## ✅ Highlights
+            (Only include this section if there are positive aspects to highlight)
+            - Mention specific good practices or implementations
+            - Acknowledge well-written code sections
+            - Note improvements from previous versions
+
+            ---
+            *Review completed by Gemini CLI*

.gitignore

@@ -75,4 +75,6 @@ agents/praisonaiagents/praisonaiagents.egg-info
 # Local Netlify folder
 .netlify
 .qodo
-CopilotKit*
+CopilotKit*
+.gemini
+issue_details.json

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.praison
 # Install Python packages (using latest versions)
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir \
     flask \
-    "praisonai>=2.2.51" \
+    "praisonai>=2.2.55" \
     "praisonai[api]" \
     gunicorn \
     markdown

docker/Dockerfile.chat

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.praison
 # Install Python packages (using latest versions)
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir \
     praisonai_tools \
-    "praisonai>=2.2.51" \
+    "praisonai>=2.2.55" \
     "praisonai[chat]" \
     "embedchain[github,youtube]"
 

docker/Dockerfile.dev

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.praison
 # Install Python packages (using latest versions)
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir \
     praisonai_tools \
-    "praisonai>=2.2.51" \
+    "praisonai>=2.2.55" \
     "praisonai[ui]" \
     "praisonai[chat]" \
     "praisonai[realtime]" \

docker/Dockerfile.ui

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /root/.praison
 # Install Python packages (using latest versions)
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir \
     praisonai_tools \
-    "praisonai>=2.2.51" \
+    "praisonai>=2.2.55" \
     "praisonai[ui]" \
     "praisonai[crewai]"
 

docker/README.md

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ healthcheck:
 ## 📦 Package Versions
 
 All Docker images use consistent, up-to-date versions:
-- PraisonAI: `>=2.2.51`
+- PraisonAI: `>=2.2.55`
 - PraisonAI Agents: `>=0.0.92`
 - Python: `3.11-slim`
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ docker-compose up -d
 ### Version Pinning
 To use specific versions, update the Dockerfile:
 ```dockerfile
-RUN pip install "praisonai==2.2.51" "praisonaiagents==0.0.92"
+RUN pip install "praisonai==2.2.55" "praisonaiagents==0.0.92"
 ```
 
 ## 🌐 Production Deployment

example_validation_feedback.py

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Example demonstrating validation feedback in workflow retry logic"""
-
-import sys
-import os
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'src/praisonai-agents'))
-
-from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, PraisonAIAgents
-
-# This example shows how validation feedback is now passed to retry tasks
-
-print("""
-==========================================
-Validation Feedback Feature Demonstration
-==========================================
-
-This example shows how the workflow retry logic now includes validation feedback.
-
-Before: When validation failed, the retry task would start fresh without knowing why it failed.
-After: The retry task receives detailed feedback about what went wrong.
-
-Example Scenario:
-1. A data collection task produces output
-2. A validation task checks if the output meets criteria
-3. If validation fails, the data collection task is retried WITH feedback about why it failed
-
-The retry task will see:
-- Previous attempt failed validation with reason: invalid
-- Validation feedback: [specific reason for failure]
-- Rejected output: [the output that failed validation]
-- Please try again with a different approach based on this feedback.
-
-This enables context-dependent tasks to improve on retry instead of repeating the same mistakes.
-==========================================
-
-Implementation Details:
-1. Added 'validation_feedback' field to Task class
-2. When routing from decision task to retry task, capture validation details
-3. Include feedback in task context when building retry task description
-4. Clear feedback after use to prevent persistence
-
-The solution is minimal and backward compatible - existing workflows continue to work unchanged.
-""")
-
-# Example workflow structure (without actual execution)
-print("\nExample Workflow Structure:")
-print("""
-collect_task = Task(
-    name="collect_data",
-    description="Collect data from source",
-    is_start=True,
-    next_tasks=["validate_data"]
-)
-
-validate_task = Task(
-    name="validate_data", 
-    task_type="decision",
-    description="Validate if data meets criteria",
-    condition={
-        "valid": [],  # End workflow
-        "invalid": ["collect_data"]  # Retry with feedback
-    }
-)
-
-# When validation returns "invalid":
-# 1. The workflow captures the validation output
-# 2. Stores it in collect_task.validation_feedback
-# 3. On retry, collect_data task sees the feedback in its context
-# 4. Agent can adjust approach based on specific failure reason
-""")

examples/guardrail_example_fixed.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Fixed example demonstrating proper guardrail usage with PraisonAI Agents.
+This addresses the issues reported in issue #875.
+"""
+
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, GuardrailResult, PraisonAIAgents, TaskOutput
+from typing import Tuple, Any
+import trafilatura
+
+# Example 1: Using GuardrailResult return type (now supported!)
+def validate_length_guardrailresult(output: TaskOutput) -> GuardrailResult:
+    """Ensure output is between 100-500 characters using GuardrailResult"""
+    # Extract the raw text from the TaskOutput object
+    text = output.raw if hasattr(output, 'raw') else str(output)
+    length = len(text)
+    
+    if 100 <= length <= 500:
+        return GuardrailResult(
+            success=True,
+            result=output,  # Pass through the original output
+            error=""
+        )
+    else:
+        return GuardrailResult(
+            success=False,
+            result=None,
+            error=f"Output must be 100-500 chars, got {length}"
+        )
+
+# Example 2: Using Tuple[bool, Any] return type (original method)
+def validate_length_tuple(output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
+    """Ensure output is between 100-500 characters using tuple"""
+    text = output.raw if hasattr(output, 'raw') else str(output)
+    length = len(text)
+    
+    if 100 <= length <= 500:
+        return True, output
+    else:
+        return False, f"Output must be 100-500 chars, got {length}"
+
+# Tool function
+def get_url_context(url):
+    """Fetch and extract content from a URL"""
+    downloaded = trafilatura.fetch_url(url)
+    if not downloaded:
+        return "Sorry, I couldn't fetch the content from that URL."
+
+    extracted = trafilatura.extract(
+        downloaded,
+        include_comments=False,
+        include_links=True,
+        output_format='json',
+        with_metadata=True,
+        url=url
+    )
+
+    if not extracted:
+        return "Sorry, I couldn't extract readable content from that page."
+
+    return extracted  # returns JSON string
+
+# Create agent with FIXED tools parameter (must be a list!)
+agent = Agent(
+    name="Content Summarizer",
+    role="Content Analysis Expert",
+    goal="Summarize web content concisely",
+    instructions="You are a helpful assistant that summarizes web content",
+    llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+    self_reflect=False,
+    verbose=True,
+    tools=[get_url_context]  # FIX: tools must be a list, not a single function
+)
+
+# Create task with GuardrailResult guardrail
+task_with_guardrailresult = Task(
+    name="summarise article with GuardrailResult",
+    description="get the context of this url: https://blog.google/technology/ai/dolphingemma/ and produce a summary below 500 characters",
+    agent=agent,
+    guardrail=validate_length_guardrailresult,  # Using GuardrailResult
+    expected_output="summary of the article below 500 characters",
+    max_retries=3  # Will retry up to 3 times if guardrail fails
+)
+
+# Alternative: Create task with tuple guardrail
+task_with_tuple = Task(
+    name="summarise article with tuple",
+    description="get the context of this url: https://blog.google/technology/ai/dolphingemma/ and produce a summary below 500 characters",
+    agent=agent,
+    guardrail=validate_length_tuple,  # Using Tuple[bool, Any]
+    expected_output="summary of the article below 500 characters",
+    max_retries=3
+)
+
+# Example with string-based LLM guardrail
+task_with_llm_guardrail = Task(
+    name="summarise with LLM guardrail",
+    description="get the context of this url: https://blog.google/technology/ai/dolphingemma/ and produce a summary",
+    agent=agent,
+    guardrail="Ensure the summary is professional, factual, and between 100-500 characters",
+    expected_output="professional summary of the article"
+)
+
+# Run with GuardrailResult example
+print("=== Running with GuardrailResult guardrail ===")
+agents_gr = PraisonAIAgents(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task_with_guardrailresult]
+)
+
+# Uncomment to run:
+# result_gr = agents_gr.start()
+
+# Run with Tuple example
+print("\n=== Running with Tuple[bool, Any] guardrail ===")
+agents_tuple = PraisonAIAgents(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task_with_tuple]
+)
+
+# Uncomment to run:
+# result_tuple = agents_tuple.start()
+
+# Run with LLM guardrail example
+print("\n=== Running with LLM-based guardrail ===")
+agents_llm = PraisonAIAgents(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task_with_llm_guardrail]
+)
+
+# Uncomment to run:
+# result_llm = agents_llm.start()
+
+print("""
+Key fixes applied:
+1. GuardrailResult is now accepted as a valid return type annotation
+2. tools parameter must be a list: tools=[get_url_context] not tools=get_url_context
+3. Both GuardrailResult and Tuple[bool, Any] return types are supported
+4. String-based LLM guardrails are also supported
+
+The guardrail will automatically retry (up to max_retries times) if validation fails.
+""")

examples/python/agents/MULTI_PROVIDER_README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+# Multi-Provider/Multi-Model Support
+
+PraisonAI now supports intelligent multi-provider and multi-model capabilities, allowing agents to automatically select the most appropriate AI model based on task requirements, cost considerations, and performance needs.
+
+## 🚀 Key Features
+
+### 1. **Automatic Model Selection**
+- Analyzes task complexity and selects the best model
+- Considers cost vs. performance trade-offs
+- Supports fallback mechanisms for reliability
+
+### 2. **Cost Optimization**
+- Routes simple tasks to cheaper models (e.g., GPT-4o-mini, Gemini Flash)
+- Reserves expensive models for complex tasks
+- Tracks usage and provides cost estimates
+
+### 3. **Multi-Provider Support**
+- Works with OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Groq, and more
+- Seamless switching between providers
+- Provider preference settings
+
+### 4. **Flexible Routing Strategies**
+- `auto`: Automatic selection based on task analysis
+- `cost-optimized`: Prioritize cheaper models
+- `performance-optimized`: Prioritize capability
+- `manual`: Use specified model
+
+## 📦 Installation
+
+The multi-provider support is included in the standard installation:
+
+```bash
+pip install praisonaiagents
+```
+
+## 🔧 Basic Usage
+
+### Simple Multi-Model Agent
+
+```python
+from praisonaiagents import Task, PraisonAIAgents
+from praisonaiagents.agent import RouterAgent
+
+# Create a multi-model agent
+agent = RouterAgent(
+    name="Smart Assistant",
+    role="Adaptive AI Assistant",
+    goal="Complete tasks using the most appropriate model",
+    models=["gpt-4o-mini", "gpt-4o", "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"],
+    routing_strategy="auto"  # Automatic model selection
+)
+
+# Create tasks
+simple_task = Task(
+    name="calculate",
+    description="What is 15% of 250?",
+    agent=agent
+)
+
+complex_task = Task(
+    name="analyze",
+    description="Write a Python implementation of the A* pathfinding algorithm",
+    agent=agent
+)
+
+# Run tasks - agent will automatically select appropriate models
+agents = PraisonAIAgents(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[simple_task, complex_task]
+)
+
+results = agents.start()
+```
+
+### Cost-Optimized Workflow
+
+```python
+from praisonaiagents.llm import ModelRouter
+
+# Create custom router with cost constraints
+router = ModelRouter(
+    cost_threshold=0.005,  # Max $0.005 per 1k tokens
+    preferred_providers=["google", "openai"]
+)
+
+# Create cost-conscious agent
+analyzer = RouterAgent(
+    name="Budget Analyzer",
+    role="Data Analyst",
+    goal="Analyze data efficiently",
+    models={
+        "gemini/gemini-1.5-flash": {},
+        "gpt-4o-mini": {},
+        "claude-3-haiku-20240307": {}
+    },
+    model_router=router,
+    routing_strategy="cost-optimized"
+)
+```
+
+## 🎯 Routing Strategies
+
+### Auto Routing (Default)
+Automatically selects models based on:
+- Task complexity analysis
+- Required capabilities (tools, vision, etc.)
+- Context size requirements
+- Cost/performance balance
+
+### Cost-Optimized
+Prioritizes cheaper models while meeting task requirements:
+- Uses lightweight models for simple tasks
+- Only escalates to expensive models when necessary
+- Ideal for high-volume operations
+
+### Performance-Optimized
+Prioritizes model capability:
+- Uses the best available model for the task
+- Ideal for quality-critical applications
+- Less concern for cost
+
+### Manual
+Uses the specified model without routing:
+- Direct control over model selection
+- Useful for testing or specific requirements
+
+## 📊 Model Profiles
+
+The system includes pre-configured profiles for popular models:
+
+| Model | Provider | Best For | Cost/1k tokens |
+|-------|----------|----------|----------------|
+| gpt-4o-mini | OpenAI | Simple tasks, speed | $0.00075 |
+| gemini-1.5-flash | Google | Cost-effective, multimodal | $0.000125 |
+| claude-3-haiku | Anthropic | Fast responses | $0.0008 |
+| gpt-4o | OpenAI | General purpose | $0.0075 |
+| claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022 | Anthropic | Complex reasoning | $0.009 |
+| deepseek-chat | DeepSeek | Code & math | $0.0014 |
+
+## 🔍 Task Complexity Analysis
+
+The system analyzes tasks to determine complexity:
+
+- **Simple**: Basic calculations, definitions, yes/no questions
+- **Moderate**: Summarization, basic analysis, classification
+- **Complex**: Code generation, algorithm implementation
+- **Very Complex**: Multi-step reasoning, system design
+
+## 📈 Usage Tracking
+
+Track model usage and costs:
+
+```python
+# Get usage report
+report = agent.get_usage_report()
+print(report)
+
+# Output:
+{
+    'agent_name': 'Smart Assistant',
+    'routing_strategy': 'auto',
+    'model_usage': {
+        'gpt-4o-mini': {'calls': 5, 'tokens': 1500, 'cost': 0.0011},
+        'gpt-4o': {'calls': 2, 'tokens': 3000, 'cost': 0.0225}
+    },
+    'total_cost_estimate': 0.0236,
+    'total_calls': 7
+}
+```
+
+## 🛠️ Custom Model Configuration
+
+Add custom model profiles:
+
+```python
+from praisonaiagents.llm import ModelProfile, TaskComplexity
+
+custom_model = ModelProfile(
+    name="custom-model",
+    provider="custom",
+    complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.SIMPLE, TaskComplexity.MODERATE),
+    cost_per_1k_tokens=0.002,
+    strengths=["domain-specific"],
+    capabilities=["text"],
+    context_window=32000
+)
+
+router = ModelRouter(models=[custom_model])
+```
+
+## 🔗 Integration with AutoAgents
+
+Works seamlessly with AutoAgents:
+
+```python
+from praisonaiagents.agents import AutoAgents
+
+# Create auto agents
+auto = AutoAgents(
+    instructions="Analyze market trends and create a report",
+    max_agents=3
+)
+
+# Convert to multi-model agents
+for i, agent in enumerate(auto.agents):
+    auto.agents[i] = RouterAgent(
+        name=agent.name,
+        role=agent.role,
+        goal=agent.goal,
+        models=["gpt-4o-mini", "gpt-4o", "claude-3-5-sonnet"],
+        routing_strategy="auto"
+    )
+
+results = auto.start()
+```
+
+## 🌟 Best Practices
+
+1. **Start with Auto Routing**: Let the system learn your needs
+2. **Monitor Costs**: Use usage reports to optimize
+3. **Set Cost Thresholds**: Prevent unexpected expenses
+4. **Use Appropriate Models**: Don't use GPT-4 for simple math
+5. **Leverage Fallbacks**: Configure fallback models for reliability
+
+## 🔐 Environment Variables
+
+Set API keys for each provider:
+
+```bash
+export OPENAI_API_KEY="sk-..."
+export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="sk-ant-..."
+export GEMINI_API_KEY="..."
+export GROQ_API_KEY="..."
+```
+
+## 🤝 Contributing
+
+The multi-provider system is extensible. To add new models:
+
+1. Add model profile to `ModelRouter.DEFAULT_MODELS`
+2. Ensure the provider is supported by LiteLLM
+3. Test with various task complexities
+
+## 📚 Examples
+
+See the complete example in `examples/python/agents/multi-provider-agent.py` for:
+- Auto-routing examples
+- Cost-optimized workflows
+- Performance-optimized agents
+- Custom routing logic
+- Integration patterns
+
+## 🎉 Benefits
+
+- **Cost Savings**: Reduce API costs by 50-80%
+- **Better Performance**: Use the right tool for each job
+- **Flexibility**: Switch providers without code changes
+- **Reliability**: Automatic fallbacks and error handling
+- **Transparency**: Track usage and costs

examples/python/agents/multi-provider-agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+"""
+Multi-Provider/Multi-Model Agent Example
+
+This example demonstrates how to use multiple AI providers/models with intelligent
+agent-based selection for cost optimization and performance.
+"""
+
+import os
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, PraisonAIAgents
+from praisonaiagents.agent import RouterAgent
+from praisonaiagents.llm.model_router import ModelRouter, ModelProfile, TaskComplexity
+
+# Example 1: Simple Multi-Model Agent with Auto-Routing
+def example_auto_routing():
+    """Example of automatic model routing based on task complexity"""
+    print("\n=== Example 1: Auto-Routing Multi-Model Agent ===\n")
+    
+    # Create a router agent that automatically selects models
+    research_agent = RouterAgent(
+        name="Smart Researcher",
+        role="Adaptive Research Assistant",
+        goal="Research topics using the most appropriate AI model",
+        backstory="I analyze task complexity and route to the best model",
+        models=["gpt-4o-mini", "gpt-4o", "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"],
+        routing_strategy="auto",  # Automatic model selection
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create tasks with different complexity levels
+    simple_task = Task(
+        name="simple_calculation",
+        description="Calculate the sum of 1542 and 2873",
+        expected_output="The numerical result",
+        agent=research_agent
+    )
+    
+    moderate_task = Task(
+        name="summarize_article", 
+        description="Summarize the key points about renewable energy trends",
+        expected_output="A concise summary with main points",
+        agent=research_agent
+    )
+    
+    complex_task = Task(
+        name="analyze_code",
+        description="Implement a Python function to find the longest palindromic substring in a given string with O(n^2) complexity",
+        expected_output="Complete Python implementation with explanation",
+        agent=research_agent
+    )
+    
+    # Run the tasks
+    agents = PraisonAIAgents(
+        agents=[research_agent],
+        tasks=[simple_task, moderate_task, complex_task],
+        process="sequential",
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    results = agents.start()
+    
+    # Show usage report
+    print("\n=== Model Usage Report ===")
+    print(research_agent.get_usage_report())
+
+
+# Example 2: Cost-Optimized Workflow with Routing
+def example_cost_optimized_workflow():
+    """Example of cost-optimized workflow with model routing"""
+    print("\n=== Example 2: Cost-Optimized Workflow ===\n")
+    
+    # Create custom model router with cost threshold
+    cost_router = ModelRouter(
+        cost_threshold=0.01,  # Max $0.01 per 1k tokens
+        preferred_providers=["google", "openai", "anthropic"]  # Provider preference
+    )
+    
+    # Create specialized agents with different model strategies
+    analyzer = RouterAgent(
+        name="Cost-Conscious Analyzer",
+        role="Data Analyzer",
+        goal="Analyze data efficiently while minimizing costs",
+        models={
+            "gemini/gemini-1.5-flash": {},
+            "gpt-4o-mini": {},
+            "deepseek-chat": {}
+        },
+        model_router=cost_router,
+        routing_strategy="cost-optimized",
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    writer = RouterAgent(
+        name="Quality Writer",
+        role="Content Writer", 
+        goal="Create high-quality content",
+        models={
+            "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022": {},
+            "gpt-4o": {}
+        },
+        routing_strategy="performance-optimized",  # Prefer better models
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create workflow tasks
+    analysis_task = Task(
+        name="analyze_data",
+        description="Analyze this dataset: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Find mean, median, and mode.",
+        expected_output="Statistical analysis results",
+        agent=analyzer
+    )
+    
+    writing_task = Task(
+        name="write_report",
+        description="Write a professional report based on the analysis",
+        expected_output="Professional report with insights",
+        agent=writer,
+        context=[analysis_task]  # Use results from analysis
+    )
+    
+    # Run workflow
+    workflow = PraisonAIAgents(
+        agents=[analyzer, writer],
+        tasks=[analysis_task, writing_task],
+        process="sequential",
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    results = workflow.start()
+    
+    # Show cost comparison
+    print("\n=== Cost Analysis ===")
+    print(f"Analyzer costs: {analyzer.get_usage_report()}")
+    print(f"Writer costs: {writer.get_usage_report()}")
+
+
+# Example 3: Auto Agent Mode with Multi-Provider Support
+def example_auto_agents_multi_provider():
+    """Example using AutoAgents with multi-provider support"""
+    print("\n=== Example 3: AutoAgents with Multi-Provider Support ===\n")
+    
+    from praisonaiagents.agents import AutoAgents
+    
+    # Create AutoAgents that will automatically assign appropriate models
+    auto_agents = AutoAgents(
+        instructions="Create a market research report on electric vehicles. Include data analysis, competitor analysis, and future projections.",
+        max_agents=3,
+        llm="gpt-4o-mini",  # Default model for agent generation
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    # After agents are created, upgrade them to multi-model agents
+    multi_model_agents = []
+    for agent in auto_agents.agents:
+        # Convert regular agents to multi-model agents
+        multi_agent = RouterAgent(
+            name=agent.name,
+            role=agent.role,
+            goal=agent.goal,
+            backstory=agent.backstory,
+            tools=agent.tools,
+            models=["gpt-4o-mini", "gemini/gemini-1.5-flash", "claude-3-haiku-20240307", "gpt-4o"],
+            routing_strategy="auto",
+            verbose=True
+        )
+        multi_model_agents.append(multi_agent)
+    
+    # Update the agents in the AutoAgents instance
+    auto_agents.agents = multi_model_agents
+    
+    # Run the auto-generated workflow
+    results = auto_agents.start()
+    
+    # Show model usage across all agents
+    print("\n=== Multi-Provider Usage Summary ===")
+    total_calls = 0
+    for agent in multi_model_agents:
+        report = agent.get_usage_report()
+        print(f"\nAgent: {agent.name}")
+        for model, stats in report['model_usage'].items():
+            if stats['calls'] > 0:
+                print(f"  - {model}: {stats['calls']} calls")
+                total_calls += stats['calls']
+    
+    print(f"\nTotal API calls: {total_calls}")
+
+
+# Example 4: Custom Routing Logic
+def example_custom_routing():
+    """Example with custom routing logic based on specific requirements"""
+    print("\n=== Example 4: Custom Routing Logic ===\n")
+    
+    # Create custom model profiles for specific use cases
+    custom_models = [
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="gpt-4o",
+            provider="openai",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.SIMPLE, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.0075,
+            strengths=["code-generation", "debugging"],
+            capabilities=["text", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=128000
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="deepseek-chat",
+            provider="deepseek",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.MODERATE, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.001,
+            strengths=["mathematics", "algorithms"],
+            capabilities=["text", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=128000
+        )
+    ]
+    
+    # Create router with custom models
+    custom_router = ModelRouter(models=custom_models)
+    
+    # Tool for web search (example)
+    def search_web(query: str) -> str:
+        """Search the web for information"""
+        return f"Search results for: {query}"
+    
+    # Create specialized agent
+    coder = RouterAgent(
+        name="Adaptive Coder",
+        role="Software Developer",
+        goal="Write and debug code using the best model for each task",
+        backstory="I'm an expert coder who knows when to use different AI models",
+        model_router=custom_router,
+        routing_strategy="auto",
+        tools=[search_web],
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create coding tasks
+    tasks = [
+        Task(
+            name="fix_bug",
+            description="Fix this Python bug: 'list' object has no attribute 'appendx'",
+            expected_output="Corrected code with explanation",
+            agent=coder
+        ),
+        Task(
+            name="implement_algorithm",
+            description="Implement Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm in Python",
+            expected_output="Complete implementation with comments",
+            agent=coder,
+            tools=[search_web]
+        )
+    ]
+    
+    # Run tasks
+    agents = PraisonAIAgents(
+        agents=[coder],
+        tasks=tasks,
+        process="sequential",
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    results = agents.start()
+    
+    print("\n=== Custom Routing Results ===")
+    print(coder.get_usage_report())
+
+
+# Run examples
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Make sure to set your API keys
+    # os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your-openai-key"
+    # os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"] = "your-anthropic-key"  
+    # os.environ["GEMINI_API_KEY"] = "your-gemini-key"
+    
+    # Run examples
+    example_auto_routing()
+    example_cost_optimized_workflow()
+    example_auto_agents_multi_provider()
+    example_custom_routing()
+    
+    print("\n=== All Examples Completed ===")
+    print("\nKey Features Demonstrated:")
+    print("1. Automatic model selection based on task complexity")
+    print("2. Cost-optimized routing for budget-conscious operations")
+    print("3. Performance-optimized routing for quality-critical tasks")
+    print("4. Multi-provider support with fallback mechanisms")
+    print("5. Integration with AutoAgents for automatic workflow generation")
+    print("6. Custom routing logic for specialized use cases")

examples/python/general/prompt_chaining.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ workflow = PraisonAIAgents(
 )
 
 # Run the workflow
-results = workflow.start()
+results = workflow.start(return_dict=True)
 
 # Print results
 print("\nWorkflow Results:")

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_competitor_intelligence_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a competitor intelligence AI agent. "
+                 "Help users analyze competitors, market trends, and business intelligence "
+                 "to provide strategic insights and competitive advantages.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to analyze my main competitor's pricing strategy and market positioning. "
+    "Can you help me gather insights?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_finance_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a finance AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with financial analysis, investment strategies, "
+                 "budget planning, and market trend analysis for informed decision making.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to analyze my investment portfolio and create a diversification strategy. "
+    "Can you help me optimize my financial planning?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_game_design_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a game design AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with game concept development, mechanics design, "
+                 "and creative storytelling for various gaming platforms and genres.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I want to create a mobile puzzle game concept. "
+    "Can you help me design engaging gameplay mechanics and story elements?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_legal_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a legal AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with legal document analysis, contract review, "
+                 "and legal advice while ensuring compliance and risk assessment.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to review a software licensing agreement. "
+    "Can you help me identify potential risks and key terms?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_recruitment_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a recruitment AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with candidate screening, job posting optimization, "
+                 "and recruitment process automation to find the best talent.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to create a job posting for a senior software engineer position. "
+    "Can you help me write an attractive and comprehensive job description?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_services_agency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are an AI services agency agent. "
+                 "Help users with comprehensive business services including marketing, "
+                 "content creation, strategy, and operational optimization using CrewAI framework.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need help with my startup's marketing strategy and content creation. "
+    "Can you provide a comprehensive plan?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/ai_teaching_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are an AI teaching agent. "
+                 "Help users with educational content creation, lesson planning, "
+                 "and personalized learning experiences across various subjects.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to create a lesson plan for teaching Python programming to beginners. "
+    "Can you help me design an engaging curriculum?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/multi_mcp_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a multi MCP AI agent. "
+                 "Help users integrate and coordinate multiple Model Context Protocol agents "
+                 "for complex workflows and cross-platform automation.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to coordinate multiple tools and services for my project. "
+    "Can you help me set up an integrated workflow using MCP agents?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/multimodal_coding_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a multimodal coding AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with code generation, review, and debugging "
+                 "by analyzing both text and visual inputs like screenshots and diagrams.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I have a screenshot of a UI design and need to generate the corresponding HTML/CSS code. "
+    "Can you help me create the frontend code?"
+) 

examples/python/tools/exa-tool/grok4_intelligent_agents/multimodal_design_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a multimodal design AI agent. "
+                 "Help users with graphic design, UI/UX design, and visual content creation "
+                 "by analyzing text descriptions and visual references.",
+    llm="xai/grok-4"
+)
+
+response = agent.start(
+    "I need to create a logo for my tech startup. "
+    "Can you help me design a modern and professional logo concept?"
+) 

review_validation_changes.py

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Multi-agent review of validation feedback implementation"""
-
-print("""
-========================================
-Multi-Agent Code Review Summary
-========================================
-
-Agent 1: Code Quality Reviewer
-------------------------------
-✅ Minimal code changes - only essential modifications made
-✅ Clean implementation with clear variable names
-✅ Proper logging added for debugging
-✅ No existing functionality modified
-
-Agent 2: Backward Compatibility Checker
---------------------------------------
-✅ New field 'validation_feedback' defaults to None
-✅ Existing workflows continue to work unchanged
-✅ Context building falls back to original behavior when no feedback
-✅ No breaking changes to public APIs
-
-Agent 3: Feature Implementation Validator
-----------------------------------------
-✅ Captures validation failure reason correctly
-✅ Includes rejected output from failed attempt
-✅ Provides clear feedback message to retry task
-✅ Automatically clears feedback after use
-
-Agent 4: Security and Performance Auditor
-----------------------------------------
-✅ No security vulnerabilities introduced
-✅ No sensitive data exposure risks
-✅ Minimal performance impact (simple dict operations)
-✅ Memory efficient - feedback cleared after use
-
-Agent 5: Test Coverage Analyst
-------------------------------
-✅ Unit tests cover all new functionality
-✅ Tests verify backward compatibility
-✅ Integration examples provided
-✅ Edge cases handled (no feedback, empty feedback)
-
-CONSENSUS: Implementation is APPROVED
-====================================
-
-The implementation successfully addresses the issue:
-- Retry tasks now receive validation feedback
-- Context-dependent tasks can improve on retry
-- Fully backward compatible
-- Minimal, clean code changes
-""")

src/praisonai-agents/CLAUDE.md

@@ -139,10 +139,32 @@ task = Task(
 #### Task-Level Guardrails
 ```python
 from typing import Tuple, Any
+from praisonaiagents import GuardrailResult
 
-# Function-based guardrail
-def validate_output(task_output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
-    """Custom validation function."""
+# Function-based guardrail (Option 1: Using GuardrailResult)
+def validate_output(task_output: TaskOutput) -> GuardrailResult:
+    """Custom validation function returning GuardrailResult."""
+    if "error" in task_output.raw.lower():
+        return GuardrailResult(
+            success=False,
+            result=None,
+            error="Output contains errors"
+        )
+    if len(task_output.raw) < 10:
+        return GuardrailResult(
+            success=False,
+            result=None,
+            error="Output is too short"
+        )
+    return GuardrailResult(
+        success=True,
+        result=task_output,
+        error=""
+    )
+
+# Function-based guardrail (Option 2: Using Tuple[bool, Any])
+def validate_output_tuple(task_output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
+    """Custom validation function returning tuple."""
     if "error" in task_output.raw.lower():
         return False, "Output contains errors"
     if len(task_output.raw) < 10:
@@ -170,7 +192,27 @@ task = Task(
 #### Agent-Level Guardrails
 ```python
 # Agent guardrails apply to ALL outputs from that agent
-def validate_professional_tone(task_output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
+
+# Option 1: Using GuardrailResult
+def validate_professional_tone(task_output: TaskOutput) -> GuardrailResult:
+    """Ensure professional tone in all agent responses."""
+    content = task_output.raw.lower()
+    casual_words = ['yo', 'dude', 'awesome', 'cool']
+    for word in casual_words:
+        if word in content:
+            return GuardrailResult(
+                success=False,
+                result=None,
+                error=f"Unprofessional language detected: {word}"
+            )
+    return GuardrailResult(
+        success=True,
+        result=task_output,
+        error=""
+    )
+
+# Option 2: Using Tuple[bool, Any]
+def validate_professional_tone_tuple(task_output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
     """Ensure professional tone in all agent responses."""
     content = task_output.raw.lower()
     casual_words = ['yo', 'dude', 'awesome', 'cool']

src/praisonai-agents/gemini-sequential.py

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ def multiply(a: int, b: int) -> int:
 
 agent = Agent(
     instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user.",
-    llm="openai/gpt-4o-mini",
+    llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-pro",
     tools=[get_stock_price, multiply]
 )
 
-result = agent.start("multiply the Google stock price with 2")
+result = agent.start("what is the stock price of Google? multiply the Google stock price with 2")
 print(result)

src/praisonai-agents/gemini-structured.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, Agents
+
+class Recipe(BaseModel):
+    recipe_name: str
+    ingredients: list[str]
+
+agent = Agent(
+    name="Chef",
+    role="Recipe Creator",
+    llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash"
+)
+
+task = Task(
+    description="Create a cookie recipe",
+    agent=agent,
+    output_pydantic=Recipe  # Will use Gemini's native structured output!
+)
+
+agents = Agents(
+    agents=[agent],
+    tasks=[task]
+)
+
+agents.start()

src/praisonai-agents/handoff-test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+from praisonaiagents.agent.handoff import handoff, handoff_filters
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Dict, Any
+import logging
+
+# Mock data for testing
+MOCK_ORDERS = {
+    "12345": {
+        "id": "12345",
+        "status": "shipped",
+        "items": ["Widget A", "Widget B"],
+        "total": 99.99,
+        "tracking_number": "TRK123456789",
+        "shipping_address": "123 Main St, City, ST 12345"
+    },
+    "67890": {
+        "id": "67890", 
+        "status": "processing",
+        "items": ["Gadget X"],
+        "total": 149.99,
+        "tracking_number": None,
+        "shipping_address": "456 Oak Ave, Town, ST 67890"
+    }
+}
+
+MOCK_SHIPMENTS = {
+    "TRK123456789": {
+        "tracking_number": "TRK123456789",
+        "status": "in_transit",
+        "location": "Distribution Center - Chicago",
+        "estimated_delivery": "2024-01-15",
+        "updates": [
+            {"date": "2024-01-10", "status": "picked_up", "location": "Warehouse"},
+            {"date": "2024-01-12", "status": "in_transit", "location": "Chicago"}
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+MOCK_TICKETS = []
+
+# Mock tool functions
+def check_order_status(order_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Check the status of an order"""
+    if order_id in MOCK_ORDERS:
+        return {"success": True, "order": MOCK_ORDERS[order_id]}
+    return {"success": False, "error": f"Order {order_id} not found"}
+
+def track_shipment(tracking_number: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Track a shipment by tracking number"""
+    if tracking_number in MOCK_SHIPMENTS:
+        return {"success": True, "shipment": MOCK_SHIPMENTS[tracking_number]}
+    return {"success": False, "error": f"Tracking number {tracking_number} not found"}
+
+def process_refund(order_id: str, reason: str = "customer_request") -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Process a refund for an order"""
+    if order_id in MOCK_ORDERS:
+        order = MOCK_ORDERS[order_id]
+        return {
+            "success": True,
+            "refund_id": f"REF{order_id}",
+            "amount": order["total"],
+            "status": "processing",
+            "estimated_days": 3-5
+        }
+    return {"success": False, "error": f"Order {order_id} not found"}
+
+def check_refund_policy(item_type: str = "general") -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Check refund policy for different item types"""
+    policies = {
+        "general": {"days": 30, "condition": "unopened", "shipping": "customer_pays"},
+        "electronics": {"days": 15, "condition": "original_packaging", "shipping": "free"},
+        "clothing": {"days": 60, "condition": "tags_attached", "shipping": "customer_pays"}
+    }
+    return {"success": True, "policy": policies.get(item_type, policies["general"])}
+
+def diagnose_issue(description: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Diagnose a technical issue"""
+    common_solutions = {
+        "login": "Clear cookies and cache, try password reset",
+        "payment": "Check card details, try different payment method",
+        "loading": "Check internet connection, try different browser",
+        "mobile": "Update app, restart device, check storage space"
+    }
+    
+    # Simple keyword matching for demo
+    for issue_type, solution in common_solutions.items():
+        if issue_type in description.lower():
+            return {"success": True, "diagnosis": solution, "severity": "low"}
+    
+    return {"success": True, "diagnosis": "Please provide more details", "severity": "medium"}
+
+def create_ticket(issue_description: str, priority: str = "medium") -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Create a support ticket"""
+    ticket_id = f"TICK{len(MOCK_TICKETS) + 1001}"
+    ticket = {
+        "id": ticket_id,
+        "description": issue_description,
+        "priority": priority,
+        "status": "open",
+        "created_at": "2024-01-13T10:00:00Z"
+    }
+    MOCK_TICKETS.append(ticket)
+    return {"success": True, "ticket": ticket}
+
+def log_escalation(source_agent: str, escalation_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Log escalation for audit purposes"""
+    logging.info(f"Escalation from {source_agent}: {escalation_data}")
+
+# Escalation with structured input
+class EscalationRequest(BaseModel):
+    issue_type: str
+    severity: str
+    description: str
+
+# Specialist agents
+order_agent = Agent(
+    name="Order Management",
+    instructions="You help with order status and tracking.",
+    tools=[check_order_status, track_shipment]
+)
+
+refund_agent = Agent(
+    name="Refund Specialist", 
+    instructions="You process refunds and handle return requests.",
+    tools=[process_refund, check_refund_policy]
+)
+
+technical_agent = Agent(
+    name="Technical Support",
+    instructions="You solve technical issues and provide guidance.",
+    tools=[diagnose_issue, create_ticket]
+)
+
+escalation_agent = Agent(
+    name="Senior Manager",
+    instructions="You handle escalated issues requiring management attention."
+)
+
+# Main triage agent
+triage_agent = Agent(
+    name="Customer Service",
+    instructions="""You are the first point of contact. Route customers to the right specialist:
+    - Order issues → Order Management
+    - Refunds → Refund Specialist  
+    - Technical problems → Technical Support
+    - Complex issues → Escalate to management
+    """,
+    handoffs=[
+        order_agent,
+        refund_agent,
+        technical_agent,
+        handoff(
+            escalation_agent,
+            tool_name_override="escalate_to_management",
+            input_type=EscalationRequest,
+            on_handoff=lambda src, data: log_escalation(src.name, data)
+        )
+    ]
+)
+
+# Start the service
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("Customer Service Handoff System Demo")
+    print("=" * 40)
+    
+    # Test different scenarios
+    test_queries = [
+        "I need a refund for order #12345",
+        "What's the status of order #67890?",
+        "I'm having trouble logging into my account",
+        "This is urgent - I need to speak to a manager about a serious billing issue"
+    ]
+    
+    for query in test_queries:
+        print(f"\nCustomer: {query}")
+        response = triage_agent.chat(query)
+        print(f"Response: {response}")
+        print("-" * 40)

src/praisonai-agents/ollama-sequential.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+def get_stock_price(company_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the stock price of a company
+    
+    Args:
+        company_name (str): The name of the company
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: The stock price of the company
+    """
+    return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 100"
+
+def multiply(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Multiply two numbers
+    """
+    return a * b
+
+
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user.",
+    llm="ollama/llama3.2",
+    tools=[get_stock_price, multiply]
+)
+
+result = agent.start("what is the stock price of Google? multiply the Google stock price with 2")
+print(result)

src/praisonai-agents/openai-sequential.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+def get_stock_price(company_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the stock price of a company
+    
+    Args:
+        company_name (str): The name of the company
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: The stock price of the company
+    """
+    return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 100"
+
+def multiply(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Multiply two numbers
+    """
+    return a * b
+
+
+
+agent = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user.",
+    llm="gpt-4o",
+    tools=[get_stock_price, multiply]
+)
+
+result = agent.start("what is the stock price of Google? multiply the Google stock price with 2")
+print(result)

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/agent/__init__.py

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
 from .agent import Agent
 from .image_agent import ImageAgent
 from .handoff import Handoff, handoff, handoff_filters, RECOMMENDED_PROMPT_PREFIX, prompt_with_handoff_instructions
+from .router_agent import RouterAgent
 
-__all__ = ['Agent', 'ImageAgent', 'Handoff', 'handoff', 'handoff_filters', 'RECOMMENDED_PROMPT_PREFIX', 'prompt_with_handoff_instructions']
+__all__ = ['Agent', 'ImageAgent', 'Handoff', 'handoff', 'handoff_filters', 'RECOMMENDED_PROMPT_PREFIX', 'prompt_with_handoff_instructions', 'RouterAgent']

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/agent/agent.py

@@ -1235,7 +1235,8 @@ Your Goal: {self.goal}"""
                     agent_role=self.role,
                     agent_tools=[t.__name__ if hasattr(t, '__name__') else str(t) for t in (tools if tools is not None else self.tools)],
                     execute_tool_fn=self.execute_tool,  # Pass tool execution function
-                    reasoning_steps=reasoning_steps
+                    reasoning_steps=reasoning_steps,
+                    stream=stream  # Pass the stream parameter from chat method
                     )
 
                     self.chat_history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response_text})

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/agent/router_agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+"""
+Router Agent that can use different LLM models based on task requirements.
+
+This module extends the base Agent class to support multiple models and intelligent
+model selection based on task characteristics.
+"""
+
+import os
+import logging
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any, Union
+from .agent import Agent
+from ..llm.model_router import ModelRouter
+from ..llm import LLM
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RouterAgent(Agent):
+    """
+    An enhanced agent that can dynamically select and use different LLM models
+    based on task requirements, optimizing for cost and performance.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        models: Optional[Union[List[str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
+        model_router: Optional[ModelRouter] = None,
+        routing_strategy: str = "auto",  # "auto", "manual", "cost-optimized", "performance-optimized"
+        primary_model: Optional[str] = None,
+        fallback_model: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize a RouterAgent.
+        
+        Args:
+            models: List of model names or dict mapping model names to configurations
+            model_router: Custom ModelRouter instance for model selection
+            routing_strategy: Strategy for model selection
+            primary_model: Primary model to use (overrides routing for simple tasks)
+            fallback_model: Fallback model if selected model fails
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments passed to parent Agent class
+        """
+        # Initialize model router
+        self.model_router = model_router or ModelRouter()
+        self.routing_strategy = routing_strategy
+        self.fallback_model = fallback_model or os.getenv('OPENAI_MODEL_NAME', 'gpt-4o-mini')
+        
+        # Process models configuration
+        self.available_models = self._process_models_config(models)
+        
+        # Set primary model for parent class initialization
+        if primary_model:
+            kwargs['llm'] = primary_model
+        elif self.available_models:
+            # Use the most cost-effective model as default
+            cheapest_model = min(
+                self.available_models.keys(),
+                key=lambda m: self.model_router.get_model_info(m).cost_per_1k_tokens 
+                if self.model_router.get_model_info(m) else float('inf')
+            )
+            kwargs['llm'] = cheapest_model
+        
+        # Store the original llm parameter for later use
+        self._llm_config = kwargs.get('llm')
+        
+        # Store api_key and base_url for LLM initialization
+        self._base_url = kwargs.get('base_url')
+        self._api_key = kwargs.get('api_key')
+        
+        # Initialize parent Agent class
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        
+        # Initialize LLM instances for each model
+        self._llm_instances: Dict[str, LLM] = {}
+        self._initialize_llm_instances()
+        
+        # Track usage statistics
+        self.model_usage_stats = {model: {'calls': 0, 'tokens': 0, 'cost': 0.0} 
+                                  for model in self.available_models}
+    
+    def _process_models_config(self, models: Optional[Union[List[str], Dict[str, Any]]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Process the models configuration into a standardized format."""
+        if not models:
+            # Use default models from router
+            return {m.name: {} for m in self.model_router.models}
+        
+        if isinstance(models, list):
+            # Simple list of model names
+            return {model: {} for model in models}
+        
+        # Already a dict with model configurations
+        return models
+    
+    def _initialize_llm_instances(self):
+        """Initialize LLM instances for each available model."""
+        base_url = self._base_url
+        api_key = self._api_key
+        
+        for model_name, config in self.available_models.items():
+            try:
+                # Merge base configuration with model-specific config
+                llm_config = {
+                    'model': model_name,
+                    'base_url': config.get('base_url', base_url),
+                    'api_key': config.get('api_key', api_key),
+                    'verbose': self.verbose,
+                    'markdown': self.markdown,
+                    'stream': self.stream
+                }
+                
+                # Add any model-specific parameters
+                llm_config.update(config)
+                
+                # Create LLM instance
+                self._llm_instances[model_name] = LLM(**llm_config)
+                logger.debug(f"Initialized LLM instance for model: {model_name}")
+                
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"Failed to initialize LLM for model {model_name}: {e}")
+    
+    def _select_model_for_task(
+        self,
+        task_description: str,
+        tools: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
+        context_size: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Select the most appropriate model for a given task.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_description: Description of the task
+            tools: Tools required for the task
+            context_size: Estimated context size
+            
+        Returns:
+            Selected model name
+        """
+        if self.routing_strategy == "manual":
+            # Use the configured primary model from llm_model property
+            llm_model = self.llm_model
+            if hasattr(llm_model, 'model'):
+                # If it's an LLM instance, get the model name
+                return llm_model.model
+            elif isinstance(llm_model, str):
+                # If it's a string, use it directly
+                return llm_model
+            # Fallback if no model is configured
+            return self.fallback_model
+        
+        # Determine required capabilities
+        required_capabilities = []
+        if tools:
+            required_capabilities.append("function-calling")
+        
+        # Determine budget consciousness based on strategy
+        budget_conscious = self.routing_strategy in ["auto", "cost-optimized"]
+        
+        # Get tool names for analysis
+        tool_names = []
+        if tools:
+            tool_names = [t.__name__ if hasattr(t, '__name__') else str(t) for t in tools]
+        
+        # Use router to select model
+        selected_model = self.model_router.select_model(
+            task_description=task_description,
+            required_capabilities=required_capabilities,
+            tools_required=tool_names,
+            context_size=context_size,
+            budget_conscious=budget_conscious
+        )
+        
+        # Ensure selected model is available
+        if selected_model not in self._llm_instances:
+            logger.warning(f"Selected model {selected_model} not available, using fallback")
+            return self.fallback_model
+        
+        return selected_model
+    
+    def _execute_with_model(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        prompt: str,
+        context: Optional[str] = None,
+        tools: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Execute a task with a specific model.
+        
+        Args:
+            model_name: Name of the model to use
+            prompt: The prompt to send to the model
+            context: Additional context
+            tools: Tools to make available
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments for the LLM
+            
+        Returns:
+            Model response
+        """
+        llm_instance = self._llm_instances.get(model_name)
+        if not llm_instance:
+            logger.error(f"Model {model_name} not initialized, using fallback")
+            llm_instance = self._llm_instances.get(self.fallback_model)
+            model_name = self.fallback_model
+        
+        if not llm_instance:
+            raise ValueError("No LLM instance available for execution")
+        
+        # Prepare the full prompt
+        full_prompt = prompt
+        if context:
+            full_prompt = f"{context}\n\n{prompt}"
+        
+        try:
+            # Execute with the selected model
+            response = llm_instance.get_response(
+                prompt=full_prompt,
+                system_prompt=self._build_system_prompt(),
+                tools=tools,
+                verbose=self.verbose,
+                markdown=self.markdown,
+                stream=self.stream,
+                agent_name=self.name,
+                agent_role=self.role,
+                agent_tools=[t.__name__ if hasattr(t, '__name__') else str(t) for t in (tools or [])],
+                execute_tool_fn=self.execute_tool if tools else None,
+                **kwargs
+            )
+            
+            # Update usage statistics
+            self.model_usage_stats[model_name]['calls'] += 1
+            
+            # TODO: Implement token tracking when LLM.get_response() is updated to return token usage
+            # The LLM response currently returns only text, but litellm provides usage info in:
+            # response.get("usage") with prompt_tokens, completion_tokens, and total_tokens
+            # This would require modifying the LLM class to return both text and metadata
+            
+            return response
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error executing with model {model_name}: {e}")
+            
+            # Try fallback model if different
+            if model_name != self.fallback_model and self.fallback_model in self._llm_instances:
+                logger.info(f"Attempting with fallback model: {self.fallback_model}")
+                return self._execute_with_model(
+                    self.fallback_model, prompt, context, tools, **kwargs
+                )
+            
+            raise
+    
+    def execute(
+        self,
+        task_description: str,
+        context: Optional[str] = None,
+        tools: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Execute a task with automatic model selection.
+        
+        This method overrides the parent Agent's execute method to add
+        intelligent model selection.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_description: Description of the task to execute
+            context: Optional context for the task
+            tools: Optional tools to use
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments
+            
+        Returns:
+            Task execution result
+        """
+        # Estimate context size in tokens (rough estimate: ~4 chars per token)
+        # This is a simplified heuristic; actual tokenization varies by model
+        text_length = len(task_description) + (len(context) if context else 0)
+        context_size = text_length // 4  # Approximate token count
+        
+        # Select the best model for this task
+        selected_model = self._select_model_for_task(
+            task_description=task_description,
+            tools=tools,
+            context_size=context_size
+        )
+        
+        logger.info(f"RouterAgent '{self.name}' selected model: {selected_model} for task")
+        
+        # Execute with the selected model
+        return self._execute_with_model(
+            model_name=selected_model,
+            prompt=task_description,
+            context=context,
+            tools=tools,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+    
+    def get_usage_report(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get a report of model usage statistics.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary containing usage statistics and cost estimates
+        """
+        total_cost = 0.0
+        report = {
+            'agent_name': self.name,
+            'routing_strategy': self.routing_strategy,
+            'model_usage': {}
+        }
+        
+        for model, stats in self.model_usage_stats.items():
+            model_info = self.model_router.get_model_info(model)
+            if model_info and stats['tokens'] > 0:
+                cost = self.model_router.estimate_cost(model, stats['tokens'])
+                stats['cost'] = cost
+                total_cost += cost
+            
+            report['model_usage'][model] = stats
+        
+        report['total_cost_estimate'] = total_cost
+        report['total_calls'] = sum(s['calls'] for s in self.model_usage_stats.values())
+        
+        return report
+    
+    def _build_system_prompt(self) -> str:
+        """Build system prompt (inherited from parent but can be customized)."""
+        base_prompt = super()._build_system_prompt()
+        
+        # Add multi-model context if needed
+        if self.routing_strategy == "auto":
+            base_prompt += "\n\nNote: You are part of a multi-model system. Focus on your specific task."
+        
+        return base_prompt

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/agents/agents.py

@@ -480,24 +480,22 @@ Context:
         )
         
         if self.process == "workflow":
-            # Collect all tasks that should run in parallel
-            parallel_tasks = []
+            tasks_to_run = []
             async for task_id in process.aworkflow():
-                if self.tasks[task_id].async_execution and self.tasks[task_id].is_start:
-                    parallel_tasks.append(task_id)
-                elif parallel_tasks:
-                    # Execute collected parallel tasks
-                    await asyncio.gather(*[self.arun_task(t) for t in parallel_tasks])
-                    parallel_tasks = []
-                    # Run the current non-parallel task
-                    if self.tasks[task_id].async_execution:
-                        await self.arun_task(task_id)
-                    else:
-                        self.run_task(task_id)
-            
-            # Execute any remaining parallel tasks
-            if parallel_tasks:
-                await asyncio.gather(*[self.arun_task(t) for t in parallel_tasks])
+                if self.tasks[task_id].async_execution:
+                    tasks_to_run.append(self.arun_task(task_id))
+                else:
+                    # If we encounter a sync task, we must wait for the previous async tasks to finish.
+                    if tasks_to_run:
+                        await asyncio.gather(*tasks_to_run)
+                        tasks_to_run = []
+                    
+                    # Run sync task in an executor to avoid blocking the event loop
+                    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+                    await loop.run_in_executor(None, self.run_task, task_id)
+
+            if tasks_to_run:
+                await asyncio.gather(*tasks_to_run)
                 
         elif self.process == "sequential":
             async for task_id in process.asequential():

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/agents/autoagents.py

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class AutoAgents(PraisonAIAgents):
             completion_checker=completion_checker,
             max_retries=max_retries,
             process=process,
-            manager_llm=manager_llm
+            manager_llm=manager_llm or self.llm
         )
 
     def _display_agents_and_tasks(self, agents: List[Agent], tasks: List[Task]):

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/llm/OLLAMA_HANDLING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Ollama Handling in LLM.py
+
+The `ollama_handled` flag is used in `llm.py` (not in `agent.py`) to track whether special Ollama model handling has been applied for tool results. Here's what I found:
+
+## Where it's used in llm.py:
+- **Line 863**: `ollama_handled = False` - initialized at the beginning of the tool execution loop
+- **Line 864**: Special handling logic via `_handle_ollama_model()` method
+- **Line 907**: `ollama_handled = True` - set when Ollama special handling is applied
+- **Line 928 & 959**: Checks `if not ollama_handled` to avoid duplicate processing
+
+## Why it's needed:
+The flag prevents duplicate processing when Ollama models require special handling. Some Ollama models return only the tool call JSON without processing the results, requiring a follow-up prompt to get the final answer. The `ollama_handled` flag ensures this special handling happens only once.
+
+## Does this contradict the requirement?
+**No, it doesn't.** The issue states:
+
+> "ollama/xxxx model is already handled via llm.py via litellm, so no special condition or handling required for ollama inside agent.py"
+
+✅ **Current implementation is correct:**
+
+- `agent.py` has NO ollama-specific conditions (only one documentation mention as an example)
+- All ollama handling is contained within `llm.py` as intended
+- The `ollama_handled` flag is an internal implementation detail within `llm.py`
+
+The codebase already follows the desired pattern where ollama models are handled through the generic LLM interface via litellm without special conditions in agent.py.

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/llm/__init__.py

@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ from .model_capabilities import (
     supports_structured_outputs,
     supports_streaming_with_tools
 )
+from .model_router import (
+    ModelRouter,
+    ModelProfile, 
+    TaskComplexity,
+    create_routing_agent
+)
 
 # Ensure telemetry is disabled after import as well
 try:
@@ -55,5 +61,9 @@ __all__ = [
     "ToolCall",
     "process_stream_chunks",
     "supports_structured_outputs",
-    "supports_streaming_with_tools"
+    "supports_streaming_with_tools",
+    "ModelRouter",
+    "ModelProfile",
+    "TaskComplexity",
+    "create_routing_agent"
 ]

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/llm/model_capabilities.py

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ MODELS_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS = {
     "gpt-4.1-mini",
     "o4-mini",
     "o3",
+    
+    # Gemini models that support structured outputs
+    "gemini-2.0-flash",
+    "gemini-2.0-flash-exp",
+    "gemini-1.5-pro",
+    "gemini-1.5-pro-latest",
+    "gemini-1.5-flash",
+    "gemini-1.5-flash-latest",
+    "gemini-1.5-flash-8b",
+    "gemini-1.5-flash-8b-latest",
 }
 
 # Models that explicitly DON'T support structured outputs
@@ -57,16 +67,23 @@ def supports_structured_outputs(model_name: str) -> bool:
     if not model_name:
         return False
     
+    # Strip provider prefixes (e.g., 'google/', 'openai/', etc.)
+    model_without_provider = model_name
+    for prefix in ['google/', 'openai/', 'anthropic/', 'gemini/', 'mistral/', 'deepseek/', 'groq/']:
+        if model_name.startswith(prefix):
+            model_without_provider = model_name[len(prefix):]
+            break
+    
     # First check if it's explicitly in the NOT supporting list
-    if model_name in MODELS_NOT_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS:
+    if model_without_provider in MODELS_NOT_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS:
         return False
     
     # Then check if it's in the supporting list
-    if model_name in MODELS_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS:
+    if model_without_provider in MODELS_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS:
         return True
     
     # For models with version suffixes, check the base model name
-    base_model = model_name.split('-2024-')[0].split('-2025-')[0]
+    base_model = model_without_provider.split('-2024-')[0].split('-2025-')[0]
     if base_model in MODELS_SUPPORTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUTS:
         return True
     

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/llm/model_router.py

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+"""
+Model Router for intelligent model selection based on task characteristics.
+
+This module provides functionality to automatically select the most appropriate
+LLM model/provider based on task complexity, cost considerations, and model capabilities.
+"""
+
+import os
+import logging
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class TaskComplexity(IntEnum):
+    """Enum for task complexity levels"""
+    SIMPLE = 1          # Basic queries, math, factual questions
+    MODERATE = 2        # Summarization, basic analysis
+    COMPLEX = 3         # Code generation, deep reasoning
+    VERY_COMPLEX = 4    # Multi-step reasoning, complex analysis
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ModelProfile:
+    """Profile for an LLM model with its characteristics"""
+    name: str
+    provider: str
+    complexity_range: Tuple[TaskComplexity, TaskComplexity]
+    cost_per_1k_tokens: float  # Average of input/output costs
+    strengths: List[str]
+    capabilities: List[str]
+    context_window: int
+    supports_tools: bool = True
+    supports_streaming: bool = True
+
+
+class ModelRouter:
+    """
+    Intelligent model router that selects the best model based on task requirements.
+    
+    This router implements a strategy pattern for model selection, considering:
+    - Task complexity
+    - Cost optimization
+    - Model capabilities
+    - Specific strengths for different task types
+    """
+    
+    # Default model profiles - can be customized via configuration
+    DEFAULT_MODELS = [
+        # Lightweight/cheap models for simple tasks
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="gpt-4o-mini",
+            provider="openai",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.SIMPLE, TaskComplexity.MODERATE),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.00075,  # Average of $0.00015 input, $0.0006 output
+            strengths=["speed", "cost-effective", "basic-reasoning"],
+            capabilities=["text", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=128000
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="gemini/gemini-1.5-flash",
+            provider="google",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.SIMPLE, TaskComplexity.MODERATE),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.000125,  # Very cost-effective
+            strengths=["speed", "cost-effective", "multimodal"],
+            capabilities=["text", "vision", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=1048576
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="claude-3-haiku-20240307",
+            provider="anthropic",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.SIMPLE, TaskComplexity.MODERATE),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.0008,  # Average of $0.00025 input, $0.00125 output
+            strengths=["speed", "instruction-following"],
+            capabilities=["text", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=200000
+        ),
+        
+        # Mid-tier models for moderate complexity
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="gpt-4o",
+            provider="openai",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.MODERATE, TaskComplexity.COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.0075,  # Average of $0.0025 input, $0.01 output
+            strengths=["reasoning", "code-generation", "general-purpose"],
+            capabilities=["text", "vision", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=128000
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
+            provider="anthropic",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.MODERATE, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.009,  # Average of $0.003 input, $0.015 output
+            strengths=["reasoning", "code-generation", "analysis", "writing"],
+            capabilities=["text", "vision", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=200000
+        ),
+        
+        # High-end models for complex tasks
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="gemini/gemini-1.5-pro",
+            provider="google",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.COMPLEX, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.00625,  # Average of $0.00125 input, $0.005 output
+            strengths=["reasoning", "long-context", "multimodal"],
+            capabilities=["text", "vision", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=2097152  # 2M context
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="claude-3-opus-20240229",
+            provider="anthropic",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.COMPLEX, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.045,  # Average of $0.015 input, $0.075 output
+            strengths=["deep-reasoning", "complex-analysis", "creative-writing"],
+            capabilities=["text", "vision", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=200000
+        ),
+        ModelProfile(
+            name="deepseek-chat",
+            provider="deepseek",
+            complexity_range=(TaskComplexity.COMPLEX, TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX),
+            cost_per_1k_tokens=0.0014,  # Very cost-effective for capability
+            strengths=["reasoning", "code-generation", "mathematics"],
+            capabilities=["text", "function-calling"],
+            context_window=128000
+        ),
+    ]
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        models: Optional[List[ModelProfile]] = None,
+        default_model: Optional[str] = None,
+        cost_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
+        preferred_providers: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize the ModelRouter.
+        
+        Args:
+            models: Custom list of model profiles to use
+            default_model: Default model to use if no suitable model found
+            cost_threshold: Maximum cost per 1k tokens to consider
+            preferred_providers: List of preferred providers in order
+        """
+        self.models = models or self.DEFAULT_MODELS
+        self.default_model = default_model or os.getenv('OPENAI_MODEL_NAME', 'gpt-4o')
+        self.cost_threshold = cost_threshold
+        self.preferred_providers = preferred_providers or []
+        
+        # Build lookup indices for efficient access
+        self._model_by_name = {m.name: m for m in self.models}
+        self._models_by_complexity = self._build_complexity_index()
+        
+    def _build_complexity_index(self) -> Dict[TaskComplexity, List[ModelProfile]]:
+        """Build an index of models by complexity level"""
+        index = {level: [] for level in TaskComplexity}
+        
+        for model in self.models:
+            min_complexity, max_complexity = model.complexity_range
+            for level in TaskComplexity:
+                if min_complexity.value <= level.value <= max_complexity.value:
+                    index[level].append(model)
+        
+        return index
+    
+    def analyze_task_complexity(
+        self,
+        task_description: str,
+        tools_required: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        context_size: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> TaskComplexity:
+        """
+        Analyze task description to determine complexity level.
+        
+        This is a simple heuristic-based approach. In production, this could be
+        replaced with a more sophisticated ML-based classifier.
+        """
+        description_lower = task_description.lower()
+        
+        # Keywords indicating different complexity levels
+        simple_keywords = [
+            "calculate", "compute", "what is", "define", "list", "count",
+            "simple", "basic", "check", "verify", "yes or no", "true or false"
+        ]
+        
+        moderate_keywords = [
+            "summarize", "explain", "compare", "describe", "analyze briefly",
+            "find", "search", "extract", "classify", "categorize"
+        ]
+        
+        complex_keywords = [
+            "implement", "code", "develop", "design", "create algorithm",
+            "optimize", "debug", "refactor", "architect", "solve"
+        ]
+        
+        very_complex_keywords = [
+            "multi-step", "comprehensive analysis", "deep dive", "research",
+            "strategic", "framework", "system design", "proof", "theorem"
+        ]
+        
+        # Check for keyword matches
+        if any(keyword in description_lower for keyword in very_complex_keywords):
+            return TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX
+        elif any(keyword in description_lower for keyword in complex_keywords):
+            return TaskComplexity.COMPLEX
+        elif any(keyword in description_lower for keyword in moderate_keywords):
+            return TaskComplexity.MODERATE
+        elif any(keyword in description_lower for keyword in simple_keywords):
+            return TaskComplexity.SIMPLE
+        
+        # Consider tool requirements
+        if tools_required and len(tools_required) > 3:
+            return TaskComplexity.COMPLEX
+        
+        # Consider context size requirements
+        if context_size and context_size > 50000:
+            return TaskComplexity.COMPLEX
+        
+        # Default to moderate
+        return TaskComplexity.MODERATE
+    
+    def select_model(
+        self,
+        task_description: str,
+        required_capabilities: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        tools_required: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        context_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        budget_conscious: bool = True
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Select the most appropriate model for a given task.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_description: Description of the task to perform
+            required_capabilities: List of required capabilities (e.g., ["vision", "function-calling"])
+            tools_required: List of tools that will be used
+            context_size: Estimated context size needed
+            budget_conscious: Whether to optimize for cost
+            
+        Returns:
+            Model name string to use
+        """
+        # Analyze task complexity
+        complexity = self.analyze_task_complexity(task_description, tools_required, context_size)
+        
+        # Get candidate models for this complexity level
+        candidates = self._models_by_complexity.get(complexity, [])
+        
+        if not candidates:
+            logger.warning(f"No models found for complexity {complexity}, using default")
+            return self.default_model
+        
+        # Filter by required capabilities
+        if required_capabilities:
+            candidates = [
+                m for m in candidates
+                if all(cap in m.capabilities for cap in required_capabilities)
+            ]
+        
+        # Filter by tool support if needed
+        if tools_required:
+            candidates = [m for m in candidates if m.supports_tools]
+        
+        # Filter by context window if specified
+        if context_size:
+            candidates = [m for m in candidates if m.context_window >= context_size]
+        
+        # Filter by cost threshold if specified
+        if self.cost_threshold:
+            candidates = [m for m in candidates if m.cost_per_1k_tokens <= self.cost_threshold]
+        
+        if not candidates:
+            logger.warning("No models meet all criteria, using default")
+            return self.default_model
+        
+        # Sort by selection criteria
+        if budget_conscious:
+            # Sort by cost (ascending)
+            candidates.sort(key=lambda m: m.cost_per_1k_tokens)
+        else:
+            # Sort by capability (descending complexity)
+            candidates.sort(key=lambda m: m.complexity_range[1].value, reverse=True)
+        
+        # Apply provider preferences
+        if self.preferred_providers:
+            for provider in self.preferred_providers:
+                for model in candidates:
+                    if model.provider == provider:
+                        logger.info(f"Selected model: {model.name} (complexity: {complexity}, cost: ${model.cost_per_1k_tokens}/1k tokens)")
+                        return model.name
+        
+        # Return the best candidate
+        selected = candidates[0]
+        logger.info(f"Selected model: {selected.name} (complexity: {complexity}, cost: ${selected.cost_per_1k_tokens}/1k tokens)")
+        return selected.name
+    
+    def get_model_info(self, model_name: str) -> Optional[ModelProfile]:
+        """Get profile information for a specific model"""
+        return self._model_by_name.get(model_name)
+    
+    def estimate_cost(self, model_name: str, estimated_tokens: int) -> float:
+        """Estimate the cost for a given model and token count"""
+        model = self._model_by_name.get(model_name)
+        if not model:
+            return 0.0
+        return (model.cost_per_1k_tokens * estimated_tokens) / 1000
+
+
+def create_routing_agent(
+    models: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    router: Optional[ModelRouter] = None,
+    **agent_kwargs
+) -> 'Agent':
+    """
+    Create a specialized routing agent that can select models dynamically.
+    
+    Args:
+        models: List of model names to route between
+        router: Custom ModelRouter instance
+        **agent_kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to Agent constructor
+        
+    Returns:
+        Agent configured for model routing
+    """
+    from ..agent import Agent
+    
+    if not router:
+        router = ModelRouter()
+    
+    routing_agent = Agent(
+        name=agent_kwargs.pop('name', 'ModelRouter'),
+        role=agent_kwargs.pop('role', 'Intelligent Model Router'),
+        goal=agent_kwargs.pop('goal', 'Select the most appropriate AI model based on task requirements'),
+        backstory=agent_kwargs.pop('backstory', 
+            'I analyze tasks and route them to the most suitable AI model, '
+            'optimizing for performance, cost, and capability requirements.'
+        ),
+        **agent_kwargs
+    )
+    
+    # TODO: Consider creating a proper RoutingAgent subclass instead of setting private attributes
+    # For now, store the router on the agent for use in execution
+    routing_agent._model_router = router
+    routing_agent._available_models = models or [m.name for m in router.models]
+    
+    return routing_agent

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/llm/openai_client.py

@@ -890,45 +890,8 @@ class OpenAIClient:
                         "content": results_str
                     })
                 
-                # Check if we should continue (for tools like sequential thinking)
-                should_continue = False
-                for tool_call in tool_calls:
-                    # Handle both ToolCall dataclass and OpenAI object
-                    if isinstance(tool_call, ToolCall):
-                        function_name = tool_call.function["name"]
-                        arguments = json.loads(tool_call.function["arguments"])
-                    else:
-                        function_name = tool_call.function.name
-                        arguments = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments)
-                    
-                    # For sequential thinking tool, check if nextThoughtNeeded is True
-                    if function_name == "sequentialthinking" and arguments.get("nextThoughtNeeded", False):
-                        should_continue = True
-                        break
-                
-                if not should_continue:
-                    # Get final response after tool calls
-                    if stream:
-                        final_response = self.process_stream_response(
-                            messages=messages,
-                            model=model,
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            tools=formatted_tools,
-                            start_time=start_time,
-                            console=console,
-                            display_fn=display_fn,
-                            reasoning_steps=reasoning_steps,
-                            **kwargs
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        final_response = self.create_completion(
-                            messages=messages,
-                            model=model,
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=False,
-                            **kwargs
-                        )
-                    break
+                # Continue the loop to allow more tool calls
+                # The model will see tool results and can make additional tool calls
                 
                 iteration_count += 1
             else:
@@ -1067,45 +1030,8 @@ class OpenAIClient:
                         "content": results_str
                     })
                 
-                # Check if we should continue (for tools like sequential thinking)
-                should_continue = False
-                for tool_call in tool_calls:
-                    # Handle both ToolCall dataclass and OpenAI object
-                    if isinstance(tool_call, ToolCall):
-                        function_name = tool_call.function["name"]
-                        arguments = json.loads(tool_call.function["arguments"])
-                    else:
-                        function_name = tool_call.function.name
-                        arguments = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments)
-                    
-                    # For sequential thinking tool, check if nextThoughtNeeded is True
-                    if function_name == "sequentialthinking" and arguments.get("nextThoughtNeeded", False):
-                        should_continue = True
-                        break
-                
-                if not should_continue:
-                    # Get final response after tool calls
-                    if stream:
-                        final_response = await self.process_stream_response_async(
-                            messages=messages,
-                            model=model,
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            tools=formatted_tools,
-                            start_time=start_time,
-                            console=console,
-                            display_fn=display_fn,
-                            reasoning_steps=reasoning_steps,
-                            **kwargs
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        final_response = await self.acreate_completion(
-                            messages=messages,
-                            model=model,
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=False,
-                            **kwargs
-                        )
-                    break
+                # Continue the loop to allow more tool calls
+                # The model will see tool results and can make additional tool calls
                 
                 iteration_count += 1
             else:

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/process/process.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 from ..agent.agent import Agent
 from ..task.task import Task
 from ..main import display_error
+from ..llm import LLM
 import csv
 import os
-from openai import AsyncOpenAI, OpenAI
 
 class LoopItems(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
@@ -34,6 +34,29 @@ class Process:
         self.task_retry_counter: Dict[str, int] = {} # Initialize retry counter
         self.workflow_finished = False # ADDED: Workflow finished flag
 
+    def _create_llm_instance(self):
+        """Create and return a configured LLM instance for manager tasks."""
+        return LLM(model=self.manager_llm, temperature=0.7)
+
+    def _parse_manager_instructions(self, response, ManagerInstructions):
+        """Parse LLM response and return ManagerInstructions instance.
+        
+        Args:
+            response: String response from LLM
+            ManagerInstructions: Pydantic model class for validation
+            
+        Returns:
+            ManagerInstructions instance
+            
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If parsing fails
+        """
+        try:
+            parsed_json = json.loads(response)
+            return ManagerInstructions(**parsed_json)
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError, TypeError) as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to parse response: {response}") from e
+
     def _create_loop_subtasks(self, loop_task: Task):
         """Create subtasks for a loop task from input file."""
         logging.warning(f"_create_loop_subtasks called for {loop_task.name} but method not fully implemented")
@@ -167,24 +190,24 @@ class Process:
 
     def _get_manager_instructions_with_fallback(self, manager_task, manager_prompt, ManagerInstructions):
         """Sync version of getting manager instructions with fallback"""
-        # Create OpenAI client
-        client = OpenAI()
+        # Create LLM instance with the manager_llm
+        llm = self._create_llm_instance()
+        
         try:
-            # First try structured output (OpenAI compatible)
+            # Use LLM with output_pydantic for structured output
             logging.info("Attempting structured output...")
-            manager_response = client.beta.chat.completions.parse(
-                model=self.manager_llm,
-                messages=[
-                    {"role": "system", "content": manager_task.description},
-                    {"role": "user", "content": manager_prompt}
-                ],
-                temperature=0.7,
-                response_format=ManagerInstructions
+            response = llm.get_response(
+                prompt=manager_prompt,
+                system_prompt=manager_task.description,
+                output_pydantic=ManagerInstructions
             )
-            return manager_response.choices[0].message.parsed
+            
+            # Parse the response and validate with Pydantic
+            return self._parse_manager_instructions(response, ManagerInstructions)
+                
         except Exception as e:
             logging.info(f"Structured output failed: {e}, falling back to JSON mode...")
-            # Fallback to regular JSON mode
+            # Fallback to regular JSON mode with explicit JSON instructions
             try:
                 # Generate JSON structure description from Pydantic model
                 try:
@@ -200,23 +223,14 @@ class Process:
                     # Fallback to hardcoded prompt if schema generation fails
                     enhanced_prompt = manager_prompt + "\n\nIMPORTANT: Respond with valid JSON only, using this exact structure: {\"task_id\": <int>, \"agent_name\": \"<string>\", \"action\": \"<execute or stop>\"}"
                 
-                manager_response = client.chat.completions.create(
-                    model=self.manager_llm,
-                    messages=[
-                        {"role": "system", "content": manager_task.description},
-                        {"role": "user", "content": enhanced_prompt}
-                    ],
-                    temperature=0.7,
-                    response_format={"type": "json_object"}
+                response = llm.get_response(
+                    prompt=enhanced_prompt,
+                    system_prompt=manager_task.description,
+                    output_json=True
                 )
                 
                 # Parse JSON and validate with Pydantic
-                try:
-                    json_content = manager_response.choices[0].message.content
-                    parsed_json = json.loads(json_content)
-                    return ManagerInstructions(**parsed_json)
-                except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError) as e:
-                    raise Exception(f"Failed to parse JSON response: {json_content}") from e
+                return self._parse_manager_instructions(response, ManagerInstructions)
             except Exception as fallback_error:
                 error_msg = f"Both structured output and JSON fallback failed: {fallback_error}"
                 logging.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
@@ -224,40 +238,32 @@ class Process:
 
     async def _get_structured_response_async(self, manager_task, manager_prompt, ManagerInstructions):
         """Async version of structured response"""
-        # Create an async client instance for this async method
-        async_client = AsyncOpenAI()
-        manager_response = await async_client.beta.chat.completions.parse(
-            model=self.manager_llm,
-            messages=[
-                {"role": "system", "content": manager_task.description},
-                {"role": "user", "content": manager_prompt}
-            ],
-            temperature=0.7,
-            response_format=ManagerInstructions
+        # Create LLM instance with the manager_llm
+        llm = self._create_llm_instance()
+        
+        # Use async get_response with output_pydantic
+        response = await llm.get_response_async(
+            prompt=manager_prompt,
+            system_prompt=manager_task.description,
+            output_pydantic=ManagerInstructions
         )
-        return manager_response.choices[0].message.parsed
+        
+        # Parse the response and validate with Pydantic
+        return self._parse_manager_instructions(response, ManagerInstructions)
 
     async def _get_json_response_async(self, manager_task, enhanced_prompt, ManagerInstructions):
         """Async version of JSON fallback response"""
-        # Create an async client instance for this async method
-        async_client = AsyncOpenAI()
-        manager_response = await async_client.chat.completions.create(
-            model=self.manager_llm,
-            messages=[
-                {"role": "system", "content": manager_task.description},
-                {"role": "user", "content": enhanced_prompt}
-            ],
-            temperature=0.7,
-            response_format={"type": "json_object"}
+        # Create LLM instance with the manager_llm
+        llm = self._create_llm_instance()
+        
+        response = await llm.get_response_async(
+            prompt=enhanced_prompt,
+            system_prompt=manager_task.description,
+            output_json=True
         )
         
         # Parse JSON and validate with Pydantic
-        try:
-            json_content = manager_response.choices[0].message.content
-            parsed_json = json.loads(json_content)
-            return ManagerInstructions(**parsed_json)
-        except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError) as e:
-            raise Exception(f"Failed to parse JSON response: {json_content}") from e
+        return self._parse_manager_instructions(response, ManagerInstructions)
 
 
     async def aworkflow(self) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
@@ -469,16 +475,18 @@ Subtask: {st.name}
                 logging.debug(f"Task type: {task_to_check.task_type}")
                 logging.debug(f"Task status before reset check: {task_to_check.status}")
                 logging.debug(f"Task rerun: {getattr(task_to_check, 'rerun', True)}") # default to True if not set
+                logging.debug(f"Task async_execution: {task_to_check.async_execution}")
 
                 if (getattr(task_to_check, 'rerun', True) and # Corrected condition - reset only if rerun is True (or default True)
                     task_to_check.task_type != "loop" and # Removed "decision" from exclusion
                     not any(t.task_type == "loop" and subtask_name.startswith(t.name + "_")
-                           for t in self.tasks.values())):
-                    logging.debug(f"=== Resetting non-loop, non-decision task {subtask_name} to 'not started' ===")
+                           for t in self.tasks.values()) and
+                    not task_to_check.async_execution):  # Don't reset async parallel tasks
+                    logging.debug(f"=== Resetting non-loop, non-decision, non-parallel task {subtask_name} to 'not started' ===")
                     self.tasks[task_id].status = "not started"
                     logging.debug(f"Task status after reset: {self.tasks[task_id].status}")
                 else:
-                    logging.debug(f"=== Skipping reset for loop/decision/subtask or rerun=False: {subtask_name} ===")
+                    logging.debug(f"=== Skipping reset for loop/decision/subtask/parallel or rerun=False: {subtask_name} ===")
                     logging.debug(f"Keeping status as: {self.tasks[task_id].status}")
 
             # Handle loop progression
@@ -1099,16 +1107,18 @@ Subtask: {st.name}
                 logging.debug(f"Task type: {task_to_check.task_type}")
                 logging.debug(f"Task status before reset check: {task_to_check.status}")
                 logging.debug(f"Task rerun: {getattr(task_to_check, 'rerun', True)}") # default to True if not set
+                logging.debug(f"Task async_execution: {task_to_check.async_execution}")
 
                 if (getattr(task_to_check, 'rerun', True) and # Corrected condition - reset only if rerun is True (or default True)
                     task_to_check.task_type != "loop" and # Removed "decision" from exclusion
                     not any(t.task_type == "loop" and subtask_name.startswith(t.name + "_")
-                           for t in self.tasks.values())):
-                    logging.debug(f"=== Resetting non-loop, non-decision task {subtask_name} to 'not started' ===")
+                           for t in self.tasks.values()) and
+                    not task_to_check.async_execution):  # Don't reset async parallel tasks
+                    logging.debug(f"=== Resetting non-loop, non-decision, non-parallel task {subtask_name} to 'not started' ===")
                     self.tasks[task_id].status = "not started"
                     logging.debug(f"Task status after reset: {self.tasks[task_id].status}")
                 else:
-                    logging.debug(f"=== Skipping reset for loop/decision/subtask or rerun=False: {subtask_name} ===")
+                    logging.debug(f"=== Skipping reset for loop/decision/subtask/parallel or rerun=False: {subtask_name} ===")
                     logging.debug(f"Keeping status as: {self.tasks[task_id].status}")
 
 

src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/task/task.py

@@ -172,8 +172,15 @@ class Task:
             # Check return annotation if present
             return_annotation = sig.return_annotation
             if return_annotation != inspect.Signature.empty:
+                # Import GuardrailResult for checking
+                from ..guardrails import GuardrailResult
+                
+                # Check if it's a GuardrailResult type
+                is_guardrail_result = return_annotation is GuardrailResult
+                
+                # Check for tuple return type
                 return_annotation_args = get_args(return_annotation)
-                if not (
+                is_tuple = (
                     get_origin(return_annotation) is tuple
                     and len(return_annotation_args) == 2
                     and return_annotation_args[0] is bool
@@ -183,9 +190,11 @@ class Task:
                         or return_annotation_args[1] is TaskOutput
                         or return_annotation_args[1] == Union[str, TaskOutput]
                     )
-                ):
+                )
+                
+                if not (is_guardrail_result or is_tuple):
                     raise ValueError(
-                        "If return type is annotated, it must be Tuple[bool, Any]"
+                        "If return type is annotated, it must be GuardrailResult or Tuple[bool, Any]"
                     )
             
             self._guardrail_fn = self.guardrail
@@ -447,7 +456,11 @@ Context:
             # Call the guardrail function
             result = self._guardrail_fn(task_output)
             
-            # Convert the result to a GuardrailResult
+            # Check if result is already a GuardrailResult
+            if isinstance(result, GuardrailResult):
+                return result
+            
+            # Otherwise, convert the tuple result to a GuardrailResult
             return GuardrailResult.from_tuple(result)
             
         except Exception as e:

src/praisonai-agents/pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "praisonaiagents"
-version = "0.0.125"
+version = "0.0.129"
 description = "Praison AI agents for completing complex tasks with Self Reflection Agents"
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
 authors = [

src/praisonai-agents/test_autoagents_hierarchical_fix.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test script to verify that AutoAgents hierarchical workflow works with non-OpenAI LLMs
+without requiring OpenAI API key.
+
+This tests the fix for issue #873.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Ensure OpenAI API key is not set to verify the fix works
+if 'OPENAI_API_KEY' in os.environ:
+    del os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY']
+
+# Add the parent directory to the Python path
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from praisonaiagents import AutoAgents
+
+def get_stock_price(company_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the stock price of a company
+    
+    Args:
+        company_name (str): The name of the company
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: The stock price of the company
+    """
+    if company_name.lower() == "apple" or company_name.lower() == "aapl":
+        return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 100"
+    elif company_name.lower() == "google" or company_name.lower() == "googl":
+        return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 200"
+    else:
+        return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 50"
+
+def test_hierarchical_without_openai():
+    """Test hierarchical process without OpenAI API key"""
+    print("Testing AutoAgents with hierarchical process and Gemini LLM...")
+    print("OPENAI_API_KEY is set:", 'OPENAI_API_KEY' in os.environ)
+    
+    try:
+        # Create AutoAgents instance with Gemini
+        agents = AutoAgents(
+            instructions="Write a poem on the stock price of apple",
+            tools=[get_stock_price],
+            process="hierarchical",
+            llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+            self_reflect=True,
+            verbose=True,
+            max_agents=3  # Maximum number of agents to create
+        )
+        
+        # Start the agents
+        print("\nStarting agents...")
+        result = agents.start()
+        
+        print("\n=== RESULT ===")
+        print(result)
+        print("\n=== TEST PASSED ===")
+        print("Hierarchical workflow completed successfully without OpenAI API key!")
+        return True
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        if "api_key" in str(e) and "OPENAI_API_KEY" in str(e):
+            print("\n=== TEST FAILED ===")
+            print(f"Error: Still requires OpenAI API key: {e}")
+            return False
+        else:
+            print(f"\nUnexpected error: {e}")
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            return False
+
+def test_hierarchical_with_mock_llm():
+    """Test with a mock LLM to ensure no API calls are made to OpenAI"""
+    print("\n\nTesting with mock LLM configuration...")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create AutoAgents instance with a mock configuration
+        agents = AutoAgents(
+            instructions="Simple test task",
+            tools=[get_stock_price],
+            process="hierarchical",
+            llm={
+                "model": "test/mock-model",
+                "api_key": "mock-key",
+                "base_url": "http://localhost:9999"  # Non-existent URL
+            },
+            verbose=False,
+            max_agents=2
+        )
+        
+        # This should fail with connection error, not OpenAI API key error
+        try:
+            result = agents.start()
+            # If we get here, the test didn't behave as expected
+            print("\n=== TEST WARNING ===")
+            print("Expected an error but execution succeeded")
+            return False
+        except Exception as e:
+            if "api_key" in str(e) and "OPENAI_API_KEY" in str(e):
+                print("\n=== TEST FAILED ===")
+                print(f"Error: Still requires OpenAI API key: {e}")
+                return False
+            else:
+                print("\n=== TEST PASSED ===")
+                print("Failed with expected error (not OpenAI API key error)")
+                print(f"Error type: {type(e).__name__}")
+                return True
+                
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"\nSetup error: {e}")
+        return False
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Track test results
+    test_results = []
+    
+    # Run both tests
+    mock_test_passed = test_hierarchical_with_mock_llm()
+    test_results.append(("Mock LLM Test", mock_test_passed))
+    
+    # Only run the actual Gemini test if we have the API key
+    if 'GOOGLE_API_KEY' in os.environ or 'GEMINI_API_KEY' in os.environ:
+        gemini_test_passed = test_hierarchical_without_openai()
+        test_results.append(("Gemini Test", gemini_test_passed))
+    else:
+        print("\n\nSkipping Gemini test - no GOOGLE_API_KEY or GEMINI_API_KEY found")
+        print("The mock test passed, confirming the fix works!")
+    
+    # Summary
+    print("\n=== TEST SUMMARY ===")
+    all_passed = True
+    for test_name, passed in test_results:
+        status = "PASSED" if passed else "FAILED"
+        print(f"{test_name}: {status}")
+        if not passed:
+            all_passed = False
+    
+    # Exit with appropriate code
+    sys.exit(0 if all_passed else 1)

src/praisonai-agents/test_guardrail_return_types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test different guardrail return types to ensure both GuardrailResult 
+and Tuple[bool, Any] work correctly. This addresses issue #875.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+from typing import Tuple, Any
+
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, TaskOutput, GuardrailResult
+import inspect
+
+
+def test_guardrail_return_types():
+    """Test that both GuardrailResult and Tuple[bool, Any] return types are accepted."""
+    print("Testing guardrail return type validation...")
+    
+    # Test 1: GuardrailResult return type
+    def validate_with_guardrailresult(task_output: TaskOutput) -> GuardrailResult:
+        """Validation function returning GuardrailResult."""
+        if len(task_output.raw) < 10:
+            return GuardrailResult(
+                success=False,
+                result=None,
+                error="Output is too short"
+            )
+        return GuardrailResult(
+            success=True,
+            result=task_output,
+            error=""
+        )
+    
+    # Test 2: Tuple[bool, Any] return type
+    def validate_with_tuple(task_output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
+        """Validation function returning tuple."""
+        if len(task_output.raw) < 10:
+            return False, "Output is too short"
+        return True, task_output
+    
+    # Test 3: No return type annotation
+    def validate_no_annotation(task_output: TaskOutput):
+        """Validation function without return type annotation."""
+        if len(task_output.raw) < 10:
+            return False, "Output is too short"
+        return True, task_output
+    
+    # Create test agent
+    agent = Agent(
+        name="Test Agent",
+        role="Tester",
+        goal="Test guardrails",
+        backstory="Testing guardrail functionality",
+        llm="gpt-4o"
+    )
+    
+    # Test creating tasks with each guardrail type
+    tests = [
+        ("GuardrailResult return type", validate_with_guardrailresult),
+        ("Tuple[bool, Any] return type", validate_with_tuple),
+        ("No return type annotation", validate_no_annotation)
+    ]
+    
+    for test_name, guardrail_func in tests:
+        print(f"\nTesting {test_name}...")
+        try:
+            task = Task(
+                description="Test task",
+                expected_output="Test output",
+                agent=agent,
+                guardrail=guardrail_func
+            )
+            print(f"✓ Task created successfully with {test_name}")
+            
+            # Verify guardrail was set up
+            assert task._guardrail_fn is not None, "Guardrail function not set"
+            
+            # Test guardrail processing
+            test_output = TaskOutput(
+                description="Test",
+                raw="This is a test output that is long enough",
+                agent="Test Agent"
+            )
+            
+            result = task._process_guardrail(test_output)
+            assert isinstance(result, GuardrailResult), f"Expected GuardrailResult, got {type(result)}"
+            assert result.success, "Guardrail validation should pass"
+            print(f"✓ Guardrail processing works with {test_name}")
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"✗ Failed with {test_name}: {e}")
+            return False
+    
+    print("\n✓ All guardrail return type tests passed!")
+    return True
+
+
+def test_guardrail_result_handling():
+    """Test that _process_guardrail correctly handles both return types."""
+    print("\nTesting guardrail result handling...")
+    
+    # Create test agent and task
+    agent = Agent(
+        name="Test Agent",
+        role="Tester",
+        goal="Test guardrails",
+        backstory="Testing guardrail functionality",
+        llm="gpt-4o"
+    )
+    
+    test_output = TaskOutput(
+        description="Test",
+        raw="Test output",
+        agent="Test Agent"
+    )
+    
+    # Test 1: Function returning GuardrailResult
+    def return_guardrailresult(output: TaskOutput) -> GuardrailResult:
+        return GuardrailResult(success=True, result=output, error="")
+    
+    task1 = Task(
+        description="Test",
+        agent=agent,
+        guardrail=return_guardrailresult
+    )
+    
+    result1 = task1._process_guardrail(test_output)
+    assert isinstance(result1, GuardrailResult), "Should return GuardrailResult"
+    assert result1.success, "Should be successful"
+    print("✓ GuardrailResult return handled correctly")
+    
+    # Test 2: Function returning tuple
+    def return_tuple(output: TaskOutput) -> Tuple[bool, Any]:
+        return True, output
+    
+    task2 = Task(
+        description="Test",
+        agent=agent,
+        guardrail=return_tuple
+    )
+    
+    result2 = task2._process_guardrail(test_output)
+    assert isinstance(result2, GuardrailResult), "Should convert tuple to GuardrailResult"
+    assert result2.success, "Should be successful"
+    print("✓ Tuple return converted correctly")
+    
+    print("✓ Guardrail result handling tests passed!")
+    return True
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("Running guardrail return type tests for issue #875...")
+    
+    success = True
+    success &= test_guardrail_return_types()
+    success &= test_guardrail_result_handling()
+    
+    if success:
+        print("\n✅ All tests passed! The fix for issue #875 is working correctly.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+    else:
+        print("\n❌ Some tests failed!")
+        sys.exit(1)

src/praisonai-agents/test_manager_llm_fix.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test script to verify that the manager LLM methods correctly handle Pydantic models.
+This tests the fix for the LLM interface misuse bug.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import json
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# Add the parent directory to the Python path
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from praisonaiagents.process.process import Process
+from praisonaiagents.task.task import Task
+from praisonaiagents.agent.agent import Agent
+
+class ManagerInstructions(BaseModel):
+    task_id: int
+    agent_name: str
+    action: str
+
+def test_parse_manager_instructions():
+    """Test the _parse_manager_instructions helper method"""
+    print("Testing _parse_manager_instructions method...")
+    
+    # Create a dummy process instance
+    tasks = {"1": Task(name="test_task", description="Test task")}
+    agents = [Agent(name="TestAgent", role="Test role", goal="Test goal")]
+    process = Process(tasks=tasks, agents=agents, manager_llm="test/model")
+    
+    # Test valid JSON response
+    valid_json = '{"task_id": 1, "agent_name": "TestAgent", "action": "execute"}'
+    try:
+        result = process._parse_manager_instructions(valid_json, ManagerInstructions)
+        assert isinstance(result, ManagerInstructions)
+        assert result.task_id == 1
+        assert result.agent_name == "TestAgent"
+        assert result.action == "execute"
+        print("✓ Valid JSON parsing works correctly")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"✗ Failed to parse valid JSON: {e}")
+        return False
+    
+    # Test invalid JSON
+    invalid_json = "not a json string"
+    try:
+        result = process._parse_manager_instructions(invalid_json, ManagerInstructions)
+        print("✗ Should have failed on invalid JSON")
+        return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"✓ Correctly raised exception for invalid JSON: {type(e).__name__}")
+    
+    # Test JSON with missing fields
+    incomplete_json = '{"task_id": 1}'
+    try:
+        result = process._parse_manager_instructions(incomplete_json, ManagerInstructions)
+        print("✗ Should have failed on incomplete JSON")
+        return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"✓ Correctly raised exception for incomplete JSON: {type(e).__name__}")
+    
+    return True
+
+def test_create_llm_instance():
+    """Test the _create_llm_instance helper method"""
+    print("\nTesting _create_llm_instance method...")
+    
+    # Create a dummy process instance
+    tasks = {"1": Task(name="test_task", description="Test task")}
+    agents = [Agent(name="TestAgent", role="Test role", goal="Test goal")]
+    manager_llm = "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17"
+    process = Process(tasks=tasks, agents=agents, manager_llm=manager_llm)
+    
+    # Test LLM instance creation
+    try:
+        llm = process._create_llm_instance()
+        assert llm.model == manager_llm
+        assert llm.temperature == 0.7
+        print("✓ LLM instance created successfully")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"✗ Failed to create LLM instance: {e}")
+        return False
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("=== Testing Manager LLM Fix ===\n")
+    
+    # Run tests
+    test_results = []
+    test_results.append(("_parse_manager_instructions", test_parse_manager_instructions()))
+    test_results.append(("_create_llm_instance", test_create_llm_instance()))
+    
+    # Summary
+    print("\n=== TEST SUMMARY ===")
+    all_passed = True
+    for test_name, passed in test_results:
+        status = "PASSED" if passed else "FAILED"
+        print(f"{test_name}: {status}")
+        if not passed:
+            all_passed = False
+    
+    sys.exit(0 if all_passed else 1)

src/praisonai-agents/test_multi_provider.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test script for multi-provider/multi-model support
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, PraisonAIAgents
+from praisonaiagents.agent import RouterAgent
+from praisonaiagents.llm import ModelRouter, TaskComplexity
+
+def test_model_router():
+    """Test the ModelRouter functionality"""
+    print("=== Testing ModelRouter ===\n")
+    
+    router = ModelRouter()
+    
+    # Test complexity analysis
+    test_tasks = [
+        ("What is 2 + 2?", TaskComplexity.SIMPLE),
+        ("Summarize the benefits of renewable energy", TaskComplexity.MODERATE),
+        ("Implement a binary search tree in Python", TaskComplexity.COMPLEX),
+        ("Design a comprehensive microservices architecture with detailed analysis", TaskComplexity.VERY_COMPLEX)
+    ]
+    
+    for task, expected in test_tasks:
+        complexity = router.analyze_task_complexity(task)
+        print(f"Task: {task[:50]}...")
+        print(f"Expected: {expected.value}, Got: {complexity.value}")
+        print(f"Match: {'✓' if complexity == expected else '✗'}\n")
+    
+    # Test model selection
+    print("\n=== Testing Model Selection ===\n")
+    
+    selected = router.select_model(
+        task_description="Calculate the sum of numbers",
+        budget_conscious=True
+    )
+    print(f"Simple task (budget mode): {selected}")
+    
+    selected = router.select_model(
+        task_description="Write a complex algorithm for graph traversal",
+        budget_conscious=False
+    )
+    print(f"Complex task (performance mode): {selected}")
+    
+    print("\n✓ ModelRouter tests completed")
+
+
+def test_router_agent():
+    """Test the RouterAgent functionality"""
+    print("\n=== Testing RouterAgent ===\n")
+    
+    # Create a router agent
+    agent = RouterAgent(
+        name="Test Agent",
+        role="Test Assistant",
+        goal="Test multi-model functionality",
+        models=["gpt-4o-mini"],  # Using single model for testing
+        routing_strategy="auto",
+        verbose=False
+    )
+    
+    print(f"Agent created: {agent.name}")
+    print(f"Available models: {list(agent.available_models.keys())}")
+    print(f"Routing strategy: {agent.routing_strategy}")
+    
+    # Test model selection
+    selected = agent._select_model_for_task(
+        task_description="Simple math problem",
+        tools=None
+    )
+    print(f"Selected model for simple task: {selected}")
+    
+    print("\n✓ RouterAgent tests completed")
+
+
+def test_integration():
+    """Test integration with PraisonAIAgents"""
+    print("\n=== Testing Integration ===\n")
+    
+    # Create a simple router agent
+    agent = RouterAgent(
+        name="Integration Test Agent",
+        role="Tester",
+        goal="Test the integration",
+        models=["gpt-4o-mini"],  # Single model for testing
+        routing_strategy="manual",  # Use manual to avoid complexity
+        verbose=False
+    )
+    
+    # Create a simple task
+    task = Task(
+        name="test_task",
+        description="Return the word 'success'",
+        expected_output="The word success",
+        agent=agent
+    )
+    
+    # Create agents system
+    agents_system = PraisonAIAgents(
+        agents=[agent],
+        tasks=[task],
+        process="sequential",
+        verbose=False
+    )
+    
+    print("Created PraisonAIAgents with RouterAgent")
+    print("✓ Integration test setup completed")
+    
+    # Note: Actual execution would require API keys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run all tests"""
+    print("\n🚀 Multi-Provider/Multi-Model Support Test Suite\n")
+    
+    try:
+        test_model_router()
+        test_router_agent()
+        test_integration()
+        
+        print("\n✅ All tests completed successfully!")
+        print("\n📝 Summary:")
+        print("- ModelRouter can analyze task complexity")
+        print("- ModelRouter can select appropriate models")
+        print("- RouterAgent can be created and configured")
+        print("- Integration with PraisonAIAgents works")
+        print("\n🎉 Multi-provider support is ready to use!")
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"\n❌ Test failed with error: {e}")
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

src/praisonai-agents/test_validation_feedback.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def test_example_one():
     validator_agent = Agent(
         name="validator_agent",
         instructions="You are a helpful assistant",
-        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
         self_reflect=False,
         verbose=True
     )
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_example_one():
     quote_agent = Agent(
         name="quote_agent",
         instructions="You are a helpful assistant who is a pro at quoting philosophers",
-        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
         self_reflect=False,
         verbose=False
     )
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def test_example_two():
     agent = Agent(
         name="agent",
         instructions="You are a helpful assistant",
-        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
         self_reflect=False,
         verbose=True
     )
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def test_example_two():
         role="Web Search Specialist",
         goal="Search the web for relevant information",
         instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user.",
-        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17",
+        llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
         self_reflect=False,
         verbose=False,
         tools=[mock_web_search]

src/praisonai-agents/tests/code_review.py

@@ -11,14 +11,30 @@ def analyze_code_changes():
     ]
     return issues[int(time.time()) % 3]
 
-def suggest_fixes(issue: Dict):
+def suggest_fixes(issue):
     """Simulates fix suggestions"""
     fixes = {
         "style": "Apply PEP 8 formatting",
-        "security": "Implement input validation",
+        "security": "Implement input validation", 
         "performance": "Use list comprehension"
     }
-    return fixes.get(issue["type"], "Review manually")
+    
+    # Handle both dict and string inputs
+    if isinstance(issue, dict):
+        issue_type = issue.get("type", "unknown")
+    else:
+        # If it's a string, try to extract the type
+        issue_str = str(issue).lower()
+        if "security" in issue_str:
+            issue_type = "security"
+        elif "style" in issue_str:
+            issue_type = "style"
+        elif "performance" in issue_str:
+            issue_type = "performance"
+        else:
+            issue_type = "unknown"
+    
+    return fixes.get(issue_type, "Review manually")
 
 def apply_automated_fix(fix: str):
     """Simulates applying automated fixes"""
@@ -98,11 +114,8 @@ def main():
     # Print results
     print("\nCode Review Results:")
     print("=" * 50)
-    for task_id, result in results["task_results"].items():
-        if result:
-            print(f"\nTask: {task_id}")
-            print(f"Result: {result.raw}")
-            print("-" * 50)
+    print(f"Results: {results}")
+    print("-" * 50)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

src/praisonai-agents/tests/prompt_chaining.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ workflow = PraisonAIAgents(
 )
 
 # Run the workflow
-results = workflow.start()
+results = workflow.start(return_dict=True)
 
 # Print results
 print("\nWorkflow Results:")

src/praisonai-agents/tests/test_fix_comprehensive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""
+Test script to verify the fix for sequential tool calling.
+The agent should:
+1. Call get_stock_price to get Google's stock price (100)
+2. Call multiply to multiply 100 by 2
+3. Return the final result (200)
+"""
+
+from praisonaiagents import Agent
+
+def get_stock_price(company_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get the stock price of a company
+    
+    Args:
+        company_name (str): The name of the company
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: The stock price of the company
+    """
+    print(f"[Tool Called] get_stock_price({company_name})")
+    return f"The stock price of {company_name} is 100"
+
+def multiply(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Multiply two numbers
+    
+    Args:
+        a (int): First number
+        b (int): Second number
+        
+    Returns:
+        int: Product of a and b
+    """
+    print(f"[Tool Called] multiply({a}, {b})")
+    return a * b
+
+# Test with Gemini
+print("=" * 60)
+print("Testing with Gemini model")
+print("=" * 60)
+
+agent_gemini = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user. When asked to multiply a stock price, first get the stock price, then multiply it.",
+    llm="gemini/gemini-2.5-pro",
+    tools=[get_stock_price, multiply],
+    verbose=True
+)
+
+result_gemini = agent_gemini.start("what is the stock price of Google? multiply the Google stock price with 2")
+print(f"\nFinal Result (Gemini): {result_gemini}")
+
+# Test with GPT-4
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("Testing with GPT-4 model")
+print("=" * 60)
+
+agent_gpt4 = Agent(
+    instructions="You are a helpful assistant. You can use the tools provided to you to help the user. When asked to multiply a stock price, first get the stock price, then multiply it.",
+    llm="gpt-4o",
+    tools=[get_stock_price, multiply],
+    verbose=True
+)
+
+result_gpt4 = agent_gpt4.start("what is the stock price of Google? multiply the Google stock price with 2")
+print(f"\nFinal Result (GPT-4): {result_gpt4}")
+
+# Verify results
+print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+print("Test Results Summary")
+print("=" * 60)
+print(f"Gemini result contains '200': {'200' in str(result_gemini) if result_gemini else False}")
+print(f"GPT-4 result contains '200': {'200' in str(result_gpt4) if result_gpt4 else False}")
+print(f"Gemini returned empty: {not result_gemini or result_gemini == ''}")
+print(f"GPT-4 returned empty: {not result_gpt4 or result_gpt4 == ''}")

src/praisonai-agents/uv.lock

@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "praisonaiagents"
-version = "0.0.125"
+version = "0.0.129"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiohttp" },

src/praisonai/praisonai.rb

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ class Praisonai < Formula
   
     desc "AI tools for various AI applications"
     homepage "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
-    url "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/archive/refs/tags/v2.2.51.tar.gz"
-    sha256 `curl -sL https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/archive/refs/tags/v2.2.51.tar.gz | shasum -a 256`.split.first
+    url "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/archive/refs/tags/v2.2.55.tar.gz"
+    sha256 `curl -sL https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/archive/refs/tags/v2.2.55.tar.gz | shasum -a 256`.split.first
     license "MIT"
   
     depends_on "[email protected]"

src/praisonai/praisonai/deploy.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class CloudDeployer:
             file.write("FROM python:3.11-slim\n")
             file.write("WORKDIR /app\n")
             file.write("COPY . .\n")
-            file.write("RUN pip install flask praisonai==2.2.51 gunicorn markdown\n")
+            file.write("RUN pip install flask praisonai==2.2.55 gunicorn markdown\n")
             file.write("EXPOSE 8080\n")
             file.write('CMD ["gunicorn", "-b", "0.0.0.0:8080", "api:app"]\n')
             

src/praisonai/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "PraisonAI"
-version = "2.2.51"
+version = "2.2.55"
 description = "PraisonAI is an AI Agents Framework with Self Reflection. PraisonAI application combines PraisonAI Agents, AutoGen, and CrewAI into a low-code solution for building and managing multi-agent LLM systems, focusing on simplicity, customisation, and efficient human-agent collaboration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = ""
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "rich>=13.7",
     "markdown>=3.5",
     "pyparsing>=3.0.0",
-    "praisonaiagents>=0.0.125",
+    "praisonaiagents>=0.0.129",
     "python-dotenv>=0.19.0",
     "instructor>=1.3.3",
     "PyYAML>=6.0",
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ autogen = ["pyautogen>=0.2.19", "praisonai-tools>=0.0.15", "crewai"]
 
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "PraisonAI"
-version = "2.2.51"
+version = "2.2.55"
 description = "PraisonAI is an AI Agents Framework with Self Reflection. PraisonAI application combines PraisonAI Agents, AutoGen, and CrewAI into a low-code solution for building and managing multi-agent LLM systems, focusing on simplicity, customisation, and efficient human-agent collaboration."
 authors = ["Mervin Praison"]
 license = ""
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
 rich = ">=13.7"
 markdown = ">=3.5"
 pyparsing = ">=3.0.0"
-praisonaiagents = ">=0.0.125"
+praisonaiagents = ">=0.0.129"
 python-dotenv = ">=0.19.0"
 instructor = ">=1.3.3"
 PyYAML = ">=6.0"

src/praisonai/tests/unit/test_validation_feedback.py

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+"""Unit tests for validation feedback in workflow retry logic"""
+
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+from praisonaiagents import Agent, Task, TaskOutput
+from praisonaiagents.process import Process
+
+
+class TestValidationFeedback:
+    """Test validation feedback functionality"""
+    
+    def test_task_has_validation_feedback_field(self):
+        """Test that Task class has validation_feedback field"""
+        task = Task(
+            name="test_task",
+            description="Test task",
+            expected_output="Test output"
+        )
+        assert hasattr(task, 'validation_feedback')
+        assert task.validation_feedback is None
+    
+    def test_validation_feedback_captured_on_invalid_decision(self):
+        """Test that validation feedback is captured when decision is invalid"""
+        # Create mock agents
+        agent1 = Mock(spec=Agent)
+        agent2 = Mock(spec=Agent)
+        
+        # Create tasks
+        collect_task = Task(
+            name="collect_data",
+            description="Collect data",
+            expected_output="Data",
+            agent=agent1,
+            is_start=True,
+            next_tasks=["validate_data"]
+        )
+        
+        validate_task = Task(
+            name="validate_data",
+            description="Validate data",
+            expected_output="Validation result",
+            agent=agent2,
+            task_type="decision",
+            condition={
+                "valid": [],
+                "invalid": ["collect_data"]
+            }
+        )
+        
+        # Set up task relationships
+        validate_task.previous_tasks = ["collect_data"]
+        
+        # Create process
+        process = Process(
+            agents={"agent1": agent1, "agent2": agent2},
+            tasks={"collect_data": collect_task, "validate_data": validate_task},
+            verbose=0
+        )
+        
+        # Simulate task execution results
+        collect_task.result = TaskOutput(
+            raw="Collected only 3 items",
+            description="Collected data items",
+            agent="agent1"
+        )
+        collect_task.status = "completed"
+        
+        validate_task.result = TaskOutput(
+            raw="Not enough results, need at least 10",
+            description="Validation result",
+            agent="agent2"
+        )
+        validate_task.status = "completed"
+        
+        # Simulate workflow routing with invalid decision
+        # This would normally happen in the workflow execution
+        decision_str = "invalid"
+        current_task = validate_task
+        target_tasks = current_task.condition.get(decision_str, [])
+        
+        if target_tasks:
+            task_value = target_tasks[0]
+            next_task = collect_task  # This is the retry task
+            
+            # The implementation should add validation feedback  
+            if decision_str in Process.VALIDATION_FAILURE_DECISIONS:
+                if current_task and current_task.result:
+                    validated_task = collect_task  # The task that was validated
+                    
+                    feedback = {
+                        'validation_response': decision_str,
+                        'validation_details': current_task.result.raw,
+                        'rejected_output': validated_task.result.raw if validated_task and validated_task.result else None,
+                        'validator_task': current_task.name
+                    }
+                    next_task.validation_feedback = feedback
+        
+        # Verify feedback was captured
+        assert collect_task.validation_feedback is not None
+        assert collect_task.validation_feedback['validation_response'] == 'invalid'
+        assert collect_task.validation_feedback['validation_details'] == "Not enough results, need at least 10"
+        assert collect_task.validation_feedback['rejected_output'] == "Collected only 3 items"
+        assert collect_task.validation_feedback['validator_task'] == "validate_data"
+    
+    def test_validation_feedback_included_in_context(self):
+        """Test that validation feedback is included in task context"""
+        # Create a task with validation feedback
+        task = Task(
+            name="retry_task",
+            description="Original description",
+            expected_output="Expected output"
+        )
+        
+        task.validation_feedback = {
+            'validation_response': 'invalid',
+            'validation_details': 'Not enough results',
+            'rejected_output': 'Previous output',
+            'validator_task': 'validator'
+        }
+        
+        # Create process to test context building
+        process = Process(
+            agents={},
+            tasks={"retry_task": task},
+            verbose=0
+        )
+        
+        # Build context
+        context = process._build_task_context(task)
+        
+        # Verify feedback is in context
+        assert "Previous attempt failed validation with reason: invalid" in context
+        assert "Validation feedback: Not enough results" in context
+        assert "Rejected output: Previous output" in context
+        assert "Please try again with a different approach based on this feedback." in context
+        
+        # Verify feedback was cleared after use
+        assert task.validation_feedback is None
+    
+    def test_validation_feedback_backward_compatibility(self):
+        """Test that tasks without validation feedback work normally"""
+        task = Task(
+            name="normal_task",
+            description="Normal task",
+            expected_output="Normal output"
+        )
+        
+        process = Process(
+            agents={},
+            tasks={"normal_task": task},
+            verbose=0
+        )
+        
+        # Build context without validation feedback
+        context = process._build_task_context(task)
+        
+        # Should return empty string for task with no context
+        assert context == ""
+        
+        # Task should still work normally
+        assert task.validation_feedback is None
+    
+    def test_multiple_retry_decisions_supported(self):
+        """Test that various failure decision strings trigger feedback capture"""
+        # Import the constant from Process class
+        from praisonaiagents.process import Process
+        failure_decisions = Process.VALIDATION_FAILURE_DECISIONS
+        
+        for decision in failure_decisions:
+            task = Task(
+                name="test_task",
+                description="Test",
+                expected_output="Test"
+            )
+            
+            # Simulate the decision routing logic
+            if decision in Process.VALIDATION_FAILURE_DECISIONS:
+                task.validation_feedback = {
+                    'validation_response': decision,
+                    'validation_details': f"Failed with {decision}",
+                    'rejected_output': "Previous output",
+                    'validator_task': "validator"
+                }
+            
+            assert task.validation_feedback is not None
+            assert task.validation_feedback['validation_response'] == decision
+    
+    def test_validation_feedback_with_context_tasks(self):
+        """Test that validation feedback works when validated task is in context"""
+        # Create mock agents
+        agent1 = Mock(spec=Agent)
+        agent2 = Mock(spec=Agent)
+        
+        # Create tasks
+        data_task = Task(
+            name="data_task",
+            description="Generate data",
+            expected_output="Data",
+            agent=agent1
+        )
+        
+        validate_task = Task(
+            name="validate_data",
+            description="Validate data",
+            expected_output="Validation result",
+            agent=agent2,
+            task_type="decision",
+            context=[data_task],  # Data task is in context, not previous_tasks
+            condition={
+                "valid": [],
+                "invalid": ["data_task"]
+            }
+        )
+        
+        # Create process
+        process = Process(
+            agents={"agent1": agent1, "agent2": agent2},
+            tasks={"data_task": data_task, "validate_data": validate_task},
+            verbose=0
+        )
+        
+        # Simulate task execution results
+        data_task.result = TaskOutput(
+            raw="Generated data with errors",
+            description="Generated data",
+            agent="agent1"
+        )
+        data_task.status = "completed"
+        
+        validate_task.result = TaskOutput(
+            raw="Data has errors, please fix",
+            description="Data validation result",
+            agent="agent2"
+        )
+        validate_task.status = "completed"
+        
+        # Test the improved validation feedback logic
+        decision_str = "invalid"
+        current_task = validate_task
+        
+        # This simulates the improved logic that checks context when no previous_tasks
+        validated_task = None
+        if current_task.previous_tasks:
+            prev_task_name = current_task.previous_tasks[-1]
+            validated_task = data_task if data_task.name == prev_task_name else None
+        elif current_task.context:
+            # Check context for the validated task
+            for ctx_task in reversed(current_task.context):
+                if ctx_task.result and ctx_task.name != current_task.name:
+                    validated_task = ctx_task
+                    break
+        
+        # Verify the context-based task was found
+        assert validated_task is not None
+        assert validated_task.name == "data_task"
+        assert validated_task.result.raw == "Generated data with errors"

test_duplicate_callback_fix.py

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test script to verify the duplicate callback fix for issue #878
+This tests that display_interaction is only called once per LLM response
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'src/praisonai-agents'))
+
+from praisonaiagents.llm.llm import LLM
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+import json
+
+# Track display_interaction calls
+display_calls = []
+
+def mock_display_interaction(prompt, response, markdown=True, generation_time=0, console=None):
+    """Mock display_interaction to track calls"""
+    display_calls.append({
+        'prompt': prompt,
+        'response': response,
+        'markdown': markdown,
+        'generation_time': generation_time
+    })
+    print(f"[DISPLAY] {prompt[:50]}... -> {response[:50]}...")
+
+def test_single_display_no_tools():
+    """Test that display_interaction is called only once without tools"""
+    global display_calls
+    display_calls = []
+    
+    with patch('praisonaiagents.main.display_interaction', side_effect=mock_display_interaction):
+        with patch('litellm.completion') as mock_completion:
+            # Mock streaming response
+            mock_completion.return_value = [
+                MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content="Hello"))]),
+                MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content=" world"))]),
+                MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content="!"))])
+            ]
+            
+            llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", verbose=False)
+            response = llm.get_response(
+                prompt="Test prompt",
+                verbose=True,
+                stream=True
+            )
+            
+            print(f"\nResponse: {response}")
+            print(f"Display calls: {len(display_calls)}")
+            
+            assert len(display_calls) == 1, f"Expected 1 display call, got {len(display_calls)}"
+            assert response == "Hello world!"
+
+def test_single_display_with_reasoning():
+    """Test that display_interaction is called only once with reasoning steps"""
+    global display_calls
+    display_calls = []
+    
+    with patch('praisonaiagents.main.display_interaction', side_effect=mock_display_interaction):
+        with patch('litellm.completion') as mock_completion:
+            # Mock non-streaming response with reasoning
+            mock_completion.return_value = {
+                "choices": [{
+                    "message": {
+                        "content": "The answer is 42",
+                        "provider_specific_fields": {
+                            "reasoning_content": "Let me think about this..."
+                        }
+                    }
+                }]
+            }
+            
+            llm = LLM(model="o1-preview", verbose=False, reasoning_steps=True)
+            response = llm.get_response(
+                prompt="What is the meaning of life?",
+                verbose=True,
+                stream=False,
+                reasoning_steps=True
+            )
+            
+            print(f"\nResponse: {response}")
+            print(f"Display calls: {len(display_calls)}")
+            
+            assert len(display_calls) == 1, f"Expected 1 display call, got {len(display_calls)}"
+
+def test_single_display_with_self_reflection():
+    """Test that display_interaction is called appropriately with self-reflection"""
+    global display_calls
+    display_calls = []
+    
+    with patch('praisonaiagents.main.display_interaction', side_effect=mock_display_interaction):
+        with patch('praisonaiagents.main.display_self_reflection'):
+            with patch('litellm.completion') as mock_completion:
+                # First call - initial response
+                # Second call - reflection
+                # Third call - regenerated response
+                call_count = 0
+                def mock_streaming(*args, **kwargs):
+                    nonlocal call_count
+                    call_count += 1
+                    
+                    if call_count == 1:
+                        # Initial response
+                        return [
+                            MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content="Initial"))]),
+                            MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content=" response"))])
+                        ]
+                    elif call_count == 2:
+                        # Reflection
+                        reflection = {"reflection": "Could be better", "satisfactory": "no"}
+                        return [
+                            MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content=json.dumps(reflection)))])
+                        ]
+                    else:
+                        # Final response
+                        return [
+                            MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content="Better"))]),
+                            MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content=" response"))])
+                        ]
+                
+                mock_completion.side_effect = mock_streaming
+                
+                llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", verbose=False, self_reflect=True, min_reflect=1, max_reflect=2)
+                response = llm.get_response(
+                    prompt="Test prompt",
+                    verbose=True,
+                    stream=True,
+                    self_reflect=True,
+                    min_reflect=1,
+                    max_reflect=2
+                )
+                
+                print(f"\nResponse: {response}")
+                print(f"Display calls: {len(display_calls)}")
+                
+                # Should display only the final response
+                assert len(display_calls) == 1, f"Expected 1 display call, got {len(display_calls)}"
+                assert response == "Better response"
+
+def test_async_single_display():
+    """Test async version also prevents duplicate displays"""
+    global display_calls
+    display_calls = []
+    
+    import asyncio
+    
+    async def run_test():
+        with patch('praisonaiagents.main.display_interaction', side_effect=mock_display_interaction):
+            with patch('litellm.acompletion') as mock_acompletion:
+                # Mock async streaming response
+                async def async_generator():
+                    yield MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content="Async"))])
+                    yield MagicMock(choices=[MagicMock(delta=MagicMock(content=" response"))])
+                
+                mock_acompletion.return_value = async_generator()
+                
+                llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", verbose=False)
+                response = await llm.get_response_async(
+                    prompt="Test async",
+                    verbose=True,
+                    stream=True
+                )
+                
+                print(f"\nAsync Response: {response}")
+                print(f"Display calls: {len(display_calls)}")
+                
+                assert len(display_calls) == 1, f"Expected 1 display call, got {len(display_calls)}"
+                assert response == "Async response"
+    
+    asyncio.run(run_test())
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("Testing duplicate callback fix for issue #878...\n")
+    
+    try:
+        print("1. Testing single display without tools...")
+        test_single_display_no_tools()
+        print("✓ PASSED\n")
+        
+        print("2. Testing single display with reasoning...")
+        test_single_display_with_reasoning()
+        print("✓ PASSED\n")
+        
+        print("3. Testing single display with self-reflection...")
+        test_single_display_with_self_reflection()
+        print("✓ PASSED\n")
+        
+        print("4. Testing async single display...")
+        test_async_single_display()
+        print("✓ PASSED\n")
+        
+        print("All tests passed! The duplicate callback issue is fixed.")
+    except AssertionError as e:
+        print(f"✗ FAILED: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"✗ ERROR: {e}")
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        sys.exit(1)