test(providers): prove the Concentrate default check runs on the live list

The regression test passed whenever the default model was in the result, and the curated fallback also contains it. Assert that the mock served /v1/models and that the result includes claude-fable-5, a model only the live response lists, so a silent fall back to the curated catalog fails.
feat(providers): add Concentrate provider preset
2026-11-08 09:49:34 -10:00 · 2026-10-15 21:06:16 +08:00 · 2026-10-15 16:43:08 +08:00 · 2026-10-15 15:40:43 +08:00 · 2026-10-15 15:34:28 +08:00 · 2026-10-15 15:33:32 +08:00
247 changed files with 20203 additions and 1267 deletions
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
  - name: Questions and setup help
-    url: https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/q-a
+    url: https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/q-a
    about: Ask in Discussions Q&A. Include zero --version, your OS, provider/model, and zero doctor output for setup problems.
  - name: Feature ideas
-    url: https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas
+    url: https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas
    about: Propose and discuss ideas in Discussions before opening a PR (Zero is in controlled development, see CONTRIBUTING.md).
  - name: Security vulnerability
-    url: https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/security/advisories/new
+    url: https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/security/advisories/new
    about: Report security issues privately via GitHub Security Advisories (see SECURITY.md). Do not file a public issue.
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ body:
  - type: markdown
    attributes:
      value: |
-        New feature ideas start in [Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
+        New feature ideas start in [Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
        not here. This form is for the step after that: an idea that gained traction in Discussions,
        or one a maintainer asked to have tracked as an issue. Please link the discussion below.
        Do not begin implementation until the issue has been reviewed and marked with the
@@ -100,19 +100,21 @@ jobs:
          gh release create "$tag" --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --title "$tag" --generate-notes 2>/dev/null || true
          gh release upload "$tag" dist/release/* --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --clobber

-  # Publishes @gitlawb/zero to npm: first the five platform payloads (versions
-  # of the SAME package at suffixed versions like X.Y.Z-linux-x64, carrying the
-  # native binary + vendored helpers), then the wrapper at X.Y.Z whose
-  # optionalDependencies alias those platform versions. Platform versions MUST
-  # publish first — the wrapper pins them exactly, so the reverse order would
-  # open a window where installs resolve aliases that 404. See
-  # docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md for the full contract.
+  # Publishes the npm package named in package.json (@twigpine/zero): first
+  # the five platform payloads (versions of the SAME package at suffixed
+  # versions like X.Y.Z-linux-x64, carrying the native binary + vendored
+  # helpers), then the wrapper at X.Y.Z whose optionalDependencies alias those
+  # platform versions. Platform versions MUST publish first — the wrapper pins
+  # them exactly, so the reverse order would open a window where installs
+  # resolve aliases that 404. See docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md for the full contract.
  #
  # Auth is npm OIDC trusted publishing: no NPM_TOKEN secret. The package's
-  # npmjs.com settings must list this repo + workflow file as a trusted
-  # publisher, and provenance is then generated automatically. Note npm only
-  # allows configuring a trusted publisher on an EXISTING package, so the very
-  # first @gitlawb/zero publish is a one-time manual `npm publish` bootstrap.
+  # npmjs.com settings must list this repo + workflow file + the npm-publish
+  # environment as a trusted publisher, and provenance is then generated
+  # automatically. npm checks provenance against package.json `repository`,
+  # so that must name this repository. Note npm only allows configuring a
+  # trusted publisher on an EXISTING package, so a new package name starts
+  # with a one-time manual `npm publish` of an empty 0.0.0 placeholder.
  # Because the platform payloads are versions of the same package, they reuse
  # that single trusted-publisher configuration.
  publish-npm:
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
    # maintainer approves it in the Actions UI before anything reaches npm.
    environment:
      name: npm-publish
-      url: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@gitlawb/zero
+      url: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@twigpine/zero
    permissions:
      contents: read
      id-token: write # OIDC token exchange for npm trusted publishing + provenance
@@ -201,47 +203,13 @@ jobs:
      - name: Assemble npm packages
        run: node scripts/npm/build-platform-packages.mjs --artifacts-dir dist/artifacts --out-dir dist/npm

-      # Platform versions are semver PRERELEASES of the wrapper version
-      # (X.Y.Z-linux-x64), so they must never publish under the default
-      # `latest` dist-tag — that would make `npm install @gitlawb/zero`
-      # deliver a platform payload as the CLI. Publish them under a dedicated
-      # tag and assert `latest` survived before the wrapper goes out.
-      - name: Publish platform packages to npm
+      # Platform payloads first under the `platform` dist-tag, then the wrapper,
+      # with the `latest` dist-tag checked before and after (platform versions
+      # are semver PRERELEASES of the wrapper version and must never become
+      # `latest`). npm applies publishes asynchronously, so the script waits
+      # until npm shows every platform version before the wrapper goes out,
+      # and until `latest` moves after it. Versions already on the registry
+      # are skipped, so "Re-run failed jobs" is safe after a partial publish.
+      - name: Publish npm packages
        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          version="$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")"
-          for dir in dist/npm/platforms/*/; do
-            echo "publishing ${dir}"
-            (cd "$dir" && npm publish --access public --tag platform)
-          done
-          # Tolerate a failed lookup (registry lag, or no latest tag yet on a
-          # bootstrap publish): under set -e a bare failure here would abort
-          # AFTER the platform payloads went out, leaving no wrapper and a
-          # re-run that fails on republishing existing versions. An empty
-          # value falls through the guard below.
-          latest="$(npm view @gitlawb/zero dist-tags.latest || true)"
-          case "$latest" in
-            "${version}-"*)
-              echo "::error::dist-tag latest points at platform version ${latest} — a platform publish clobbered it. Fix the dist-tag before the wrapper publish." >&2
-              exit 1
-              ;;
-          esac
-          echo "dist-tag latest is ${latest} (unchanged by platform publishes)."
-
-      - name: Publish wrapper to npm
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          version="$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")"
-          (cd dist/npm/wrapper && npm publish --access public)
-          # Confirm the wrapper owns `latest` (retry: registry metadata can lag
-          # a publish by a few seconds).
-          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
-            latest="$(npm view @gitlawb/zero dist-tags.latest || true)"
-            if [ "$latest" = "$version" ]; then
-              echo "dist-tag latest is ${version}."
-              exit 0
-            fi
-            sleep 5
-          done
-          echo "::error::dist-tag latest is ${latest}, expected ${version} after the wrapper publish." >&2
-          exit 1
+        run: scripts/npm/publish-packages.sh dist/npm
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{".":"0.9.0"}
+{".":"0.10.0"}
@@ -6,6 +6,50 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 aims to follow [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html) once the first release is
 tagged. Until then, source builds report the version `dev`.

+## [0.10.0](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/compare/v0.9.0...v0.10.0) (2026-10-15)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* **notify:** make permission-prompt alerts on by default and discoverable ([#1001](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1001)) ([7f8e5f0](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/7f8e5f08bb83371ce16cc54c97ab032a010026cf))
+* **npm:** publish as @twigpine/zero ([#1142](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1142)) ([530563a](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/530563a0bb58d3cbadceb97b3ee234ef763124df))
+* **providers:** add GMI Cloud provider preset and partner listing ([#1127](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1127)) ([1335ca6](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/1335ca6671023ecda81a3cfaae7e9f2ff5d6e0de))
+* **providers:** opt-in ZERO_RESPONSE_HEADER_TIMEOUT override for slow first-byte deployments ([#1106](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1106)) ([ddc45f2](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/ddc45f2c8152fdd04b45dc11ed20d246fe7740a5))
+* **runtime:** add process-local per-model RPM admission limits ([#1116](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1116)) ([eebb384](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/eebb384676fb567acc1f5a20dcbb17df8a03dc42))
+* **sessions:** add zero sessions prune, which never removes a session another process has open ([#1089](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1089)) ([23c27e0](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/23c27e0778e3af54c04b8749d1eda846d3253f4e))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **acp:** persist the session permission mode across restarts ([#1134](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1134)) ([bb96206](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/bb96206c2781e846fd13437113eec5790afe9c81)), closes [#1125](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1125)
+* **acp:** persist token usage events for ACP sessions ([#1137](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1137)) ([300cf62](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/300cf6275f8c94f06da3f00197d21cb8771842d9)), closes [#1118](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1118)
+* **acp:** publish sub-run sessions loaded over ACP as view-only ([#1078](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1078)) ([7f11491](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/7f11491078662b2d389c278f3ce5d41d956670c4))
+* **agent:** retry mid-stream transport aborts before tool dispatch ([#1076](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1076)) ([b9ef1d2](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/b9ef1d271aa6ebc6d9adad2ef4ff0d695bb40da5))
+* **config:** sync atomic config replacements ([#1093](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1093)) ([4d2e9f0](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/4d2e9f0d08472f7304652ef7896df587e1cc6c21))
+* **cron:** bound run history and read recent records from the tail ([#1094](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1094)) ([42eb6ab](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/42eb6ab5fbe4ae9037f1f4cd42a00243c456a22e))
+* **cron:** preserve newer claims when overlapping runs complete ([#1090](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1090)) ([2eb9d94](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/2eb9d94fac56d91d749ea4f96edcf1c87f79b48c))
+* **daemon:** bound pending sessions and prune on completion ([#1091](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1091)) ([8a68660](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/8a68660161b04ce9668363faa14ff72c9fbad223))
+* **daemon:** do not retry workers that finished with a final exit code ([#1112](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1112)) ([eefa978](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/eefa978f6183332b7416c70c25242bcdfba1a75c)), closes [#1100](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1100)
+* **daemon:** stop worker process groups by their launch-time identity ([#1088](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1088)) ([ab018b3](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/ab018b3098b5cb103cf8f90b8698d32a6687bdf7)), closes [#861](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/861)
+* **deps:** refresh the lockfile to patched hono and @hono/node-server ([#1080](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1080)) ([aa52040](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/aa52040498e012c41d5e8f6027a91c18eff861d4))
+* **deps:** refresh the lockfile to patched shell-quote ([#1131](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1131)) ([c56a4c4](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/c56a4c4e6e598504ab417e8cc4f5ab8d69f1b42f))
+* **execution:** reserve process capacity before launching ([#1092](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1092)) ([bb3346a](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/bb3346a82883c19ed8815fe1e874f54950711d69))
+* **mcp:** forward image tool results on the existing image channel ([#1077](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1077)) ([0324c1d](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/0324c1d4103328eb90cb24a0b582dba335255b5c))
+* **mcp:** refresh OAuth tokens for discovered endpoints and registered clients ([#1113](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1113)) ([571af70](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/571af701bd3d8dfaf40f87b5b112b25e7def5b29)), closes [#1101](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1101)
+* **oauth:** give every loopback callback server the bounded shutdown ([#1079](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1079)) ([5473301](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/547330197b20ece591e077e876a4b8ffd015cb6e))
+* **providers:** send stable session headers to OpenCode ([#1060](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1060)) ([99721c7](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/99721c762f37cd43ac511007a5f51d1846df959e))
+* **redaction:** redact adjacent AWS keys glued end to end ([#1095](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1095)) ([df67ede](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/df67edec13345b73a85327adc003cacc7bdd8009))
+* **redaction:** redact credentials split by an invisible character ([#1067](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1067)) ([e20b762](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/e20b7624261cef8336a8eb0fbdd44d536ad77fc2))
+* **sandbox:** say when a session's sandbox enforcement is degraded ([#1082](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1082)) ([6b5852d](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/6b5852dc18bb256af1f25745697c2f2e3ea6f112))
+* **search:** redact every text field of session metadata, not ten of thirty ([#1073](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1073)) ([9520f2b](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/9520f2bad7e09ce4a8d0d42be7ce77d2ae928ddd))
+* **security:** harden shell flag parsing, write roots, and formatters ([#1066](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1066)) ([ac5fe0d](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/ac5fe0d21849b0f74af428dd3ca12e3b80a8b7aa))
+* **sessions:** keep a session lease for the life of the process, not of the Store ([#1144](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1144)) ([883e5be](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/883e5bec24dac791d1d60618c7f4927f4659b687))
+* **tools:** hint when Windows resolves POSIX paths under root ([#1063](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1063)) ([0c6f179](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/0c6f179a8443d4dfdfbbefe5cc6caf11c2a525f0))
+* **tui:** bound live dictation regions ([#985](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/985)) ([feb9927](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/feb992757c582c68f0397e070e206d4bf07071e1))
+* **tui:** show provider ownership in Recent and Favorites ([#1083](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1083)) ([1697b7a](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/1697b7a5ce948e781877cdbe9223adac62c3fde6))
+* **tui:** stop held peer message Allow/Deny from deadlocking Update ([#1111](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1111)) ([a195e88](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/a195e8848cec1a27b4fe1789ecc572b943c32186)), closes [#1099](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1099)
+* unbreak main CI (cron claim tests, Go 1.26.9) ([#1124](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/1124)) ([2c418fc](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/commit/2c418fc8ff6763de16703128f372fe526fddd331))
+
 ## [0.9.0](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/compare/v0.8.0...v0.9.0) (2026-09-15)


@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ reports, feature requests, reproduction details, logs, and discussion on existin
 issues.

 Questions and setup help belong in
-[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions) (see
+[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions) (see
 [SUPPORT.md](SUPPORT.md)), not in the issue tracker. Feature ideas start in the
-[Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) category;
+[Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) category;
 an idea that gains traction there is the path to an approved issue and,
 eventually, an accepted PR.

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ There are three primary ways to contribute:

 1. Open a bug report with clear reproduction steps.
 2. Propose a feature in
-   [Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
+   [Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
   describing the problem, use case, and expected behavior. A feature-request
   issue is filed only after the idea gains traction there or a maintainer asks
   for one.
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Clear bug reports are the most useful way to help the project during this phase.
 ## Submitting a Feature Request

 Feature requests start as a thread in
-[Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
+[Discussions Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas),
 not as an issue. The feature-request issue form exists for the step AFTER that:
 when an idea has gained traction in Discussions or a maintainer has asked for an
 issue to track it. Whether in the discussion or the eventual issue, please
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ contribution phase.

 General questions, setup help, and "is this a bug or my config" uncertainty all
 go to
-[Discussions Q&A](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/q-a).
+[Discussions Q&A](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/q-a).
 If you are unsure whether a proposed code change is appropriate, raise it in
 Discussions Ideas or on the relevant issue first and ask. Please keep discussion
 focused, specific, and respectful of maintainer time.
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@

 <p align="center"><strong>A terminal coding agent you own.</strong></p>

+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=trendshift-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-trendshift-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/trendshift/repositories/70679/daily?language=Go" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=trendshift-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-trendshift-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/trendshift/repositories/70679/weekly?language=Go" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=repository-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-repository-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/70679" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+</p>
+
 <p align="center">
  <a href="LICENSE"><img alt="license" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue"></a>
-  <img alt="Go 1.26.6+" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.26.6+-00ADD8?logo=go&logoColor=white">
+  <img alt="Go 1.26.9+" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.26.9+-00ADD8?logo=go&logoColor=white">
  <img alt="25+ providers" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/providers-25+-34E2EA">
  <a href="https://discord.gg/CaQDS6wdFn"><img alt="Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-join-5865F2?logo=discord&logoColor=white"></a>
  <br>
@@ -23,6 +29,70 @@ zero exec "fix the failing test in ./pkg"
 zero exec --output-format stream-json < turns.jsonl
 ```

+## Partners
+
+<table align="center">
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://twigpine.com">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://twigpine.com/logo-dark.png">
+          <img src="https://twigpine.com/logo.png" alt="Twigpine logo" width="72">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://mimo.mi.com">
+        <img src="https://mimo.xiaomi.com/mimo-v2-pro/assets/logo.svg" alt="Xiaomi MiMo logo" width="136">
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://novita.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/novita-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/novita-logo.svg" alt="Novita AI logo" width="136">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://concentrate.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/concentrate-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/concentrate-logo.svg" alt="Concentrate logo" width="64">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://exa.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/exa-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/exa-logo.svg" alt="Exa logo" width="110">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twigpine.com"><strong>Twigpine</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://mimo.mi.com"><strong>Xiaomi MiMo</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://novita.ai/"><strong>Novita AI</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://concentrate.ai/"><strong>Concentrate</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://exa.ai/"><strong>Exa</strong></a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://www.gmicloud.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/gmi-cloud-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/gmi-cloud-logo.svg" alt="GMI Cloud logo" width="120">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.gmicloud.ai/"><strong>GMI Cloud</strong></a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
 ## Why Zero

 - **Use the model you want.** Bring OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Groq, OpenRouter,
@@ -46,7 +116,7 @@ zero exec --output-format stream-json < turns.jsonl
 ### npm

 ```bash
-npm install -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
 zero
 ```

@@ -60,26 +130,38 @@ matching GitHub Release whenever it is missing. Windows on ARM runs the x64
 build under emulation. See [docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md](docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md) for
 how the package is put together.

+Installed Zero as `@gitlawb/zero`? The package moved to `@twigpine/zero` in
+0.10.0 and the old name gets no further releases. Both packages provide the
+`zero` command, so quit any running `zero`, then remove the old package first:
+
+```bash
+npm uninstall -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
+```
+
+Your config, sessions, and logins are kept; they live outside the package. For
+Bun, pnpm, and yarn, see [docs/INSTALL.md](docs/INSTALL.md#moving-from-gitlawbzero).
+
 ### Install scripts

 Linux/macOS:

 ```bash
-curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
 ```

 Windows PowerShell:

 ```powershell
-irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
+irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
 ```

 ### From source

-Source builds require Go 1.26.6+.
+Source builds require Go 1.26.9+.

 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero.git
+git clone https://github.com/Twigpine/zero.git
 cd zero
 go run ./cmd/zero
 ```
@@ -133,6 +215,8 @@ export GEMINI_API_KEY=...
 export AIMLAPI_API_KEY=...
 export LONGCAT_API_KEY=...
 export FIREWORKS_API_KEY=...
+export GMI_API_KEY=...
+export CONCENTRATE_API_KEY=...
 export MINIMAX_API_KEY=...
 export MINIMAXI_API_KEY=...
 ```
@@ -155,6 +239,18 @@ To configure Fireworks AI directly, run:
 zero providers setup fireworks --set-active
 ```

+To configure GMI Cloud directly, run:
+
+```bash
+zero providers setup gmicloud --set-active
+```
+
+To configure Concentrate directly, run:
+
+```bash
+zero providers setup concentrate --set-active
+```
+
 MiniMax presets use the Anthropic-compatible endpoints for the global and China
 regions:

@@ -313,7 +409,7 @@ zero context          context-budget report
 zero repo-map         deterministic repository map
 zero repo-info        local repository summary
 zero search | find    search local session history
-zero sessions         inspect, resume, fork, and rewind sessions
+zero sessions         inspect, resume, fork, rewind, and prune sessions
 zero spec             manage spec-mode drafts
 zero specialist       manage specialist subagents
 zero skills           manage markdown instruction skills
@@ -331,6 +427,13 @@ zero update --check   check for newer releases
 zero upgrade          download, verify, and install the latest release
 ```

+Cron keeps the newest 1,000 run outcomes per job in `runs.jsonl`. Each new run
+atomically replaces the history with the retained tail; existing larger histories
+are trimmed on their next run. Archive the file before that run if you need older
+outcomes. This retention does not delete session directories or reset fire counts.
+Malformed records and legacy lines of 1 MiB or more are skipped when reading or
+compacting history; new records of that size are rejected.
+
 ## Extending Zero

 ### Project and personal instructions
@@ -442,19 +545,19 @@ go run ./cmd/zero-release build --goos windows --goarch amd64 --output dist/zero
 Real-time chat happens on the [Discord server](https://discord.gg/CaQDS6wdFn).

 Questions, setup help, ideas, and sharing all live in
-[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions):
+[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions):

 | Category | Use it for |
 |---|---|
-| [Q&A](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/q-a) | Setup help, provider/model configuration, "how do I" questions |
-| [Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) | Feature proposals and design discussion before any PR |
-| [Show and tell](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/show-and-tell) | Your skills, plugins, MCP setups, themes, and workflows |
-| [Announcements](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/announcements) | Releases and project news from the maintainers |
+| [Q&A](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/q-a) | Setup help, provider/model configuration, "how do I" questions |
+| [Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) | Feature proposals and design discussion before any PR |
+| [Show and tell](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/show-and-tell) | Your skills, plugins, MCP setups, themes, and workflows |
+| [Announcements](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/announcements) | Releases and project news from the maintainers |

 For a good Q&A answer fast, include `zero --version`, your OS and install
 method, the provider/model in use, and `zero doctor` output. See
 [SUPPORT.md](SUPPORT.md). Bugs belong in
-[issues](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/issues/new/choose); security reports
+[issues](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/issues/new/choose); security reports
 follow [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md), never a public thread.

 ## Contributing
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@

 <p align="center"><strong>一个独属于你的终端编码智能体。</strong></p>

+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=trendshift-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-trendshift-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/trendshift/repositories/70679/daily?language=Go" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=trendshift-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-trendshift-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/trendshift/repositories/70679/weekly?language=Go" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+  <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/70679?utm_source=repository-badge&amp;utm_medium=badge&amp;utm_campaign=badge-repository-70679" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/70679" alt="Twigpine/zero | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+</p>
+
 <p align="center">
  <a href="LICENSE"><img alt="license" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue"></a>
-  <img alt="Go 1.26.6+" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.26.6+-00ADD8?logo=go&logoColor=white">
+  <img alt="Go 1.26.9+" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.26.9+-00ADD8?logo=go&logoColor=white">
  <img alt="25+ providers" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/providers-25+-34E2EA">
  <a href="https://discord.gg/CaQDS6wdFn"><img alt="Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-join-5865F2?logo=discord&logoColor=white"></a>
  <br>
@@ -21,6 +27,70 @@ zero exec "修复 ./pkg 中失败的测试"
 zero exec --output-format stream-json < turns.jsonl
 ```

+## 合作伙伴
+
+<table align="center">
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://twigpine.com">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://twigpine.com/logo-dark.png">
+          <img src="https://twigpine.com/logo.png" alt="Twigpine logo" width="72">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://mimo.mi.com">
+        <img src="https://mimo.xiaomi.com/mimo-v2-pro/assets/logo.svg" alt="Xiaomi MiMo logo" width="136">
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://novita.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/novita-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/novita-logo.svg" alt="Novita AI logo" width="136">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://concentrate.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/concentrate-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/concentrate-logo.svg" alt="Concentrate logo" width="64">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://exa.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/exa-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/exa-logo.svg" alt="Exa logo" width="110">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twigpine.com"><strong>Twigpine</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://mimo.mi.com"><strong>Xiaomi MiMo</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://novita.ai/"><strong>Novita AI</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://concentrate.ai/"><strong>Concentrate</strong></a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://exa.ai/"><strong>Exa</strong></a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center" width="150" height="80">
+      <a href="https://www.gmicloud.ai/">
+        <picture>
+          <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/assets/gmi-cloud-logo-dark.svg">
+          <img src="docs/assets/gmi-cloud-logo.svg" alt="GMI Cloud logo" width="120">
+        </picture>
+      </a>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.gmicloud.ai/"><strong>GMI Cloud</strong></a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
 ## 为什么选择 Zero

 - **使用你想要的模型。** 支持 OpenAI、Anthropic、Gemini、Groq、OpenRouter、DeepSeek、Mistral、xAI、Qwen、Kimi、GitHub Models、Ollama、LM Studio、Atomic Chat，或任何 OpenAI/Anthropic 兼容端点。
@@ -35,32 +105,41 @@ zero exec --output-format stream-json < turns.jsonl
 ### npm

 ```bash
-npm install -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
 zero
 ```

 npm 包是一个小型包装器，其平台构建（Linux 和 macOS 的 x64/arm64、Windows 的 x64，包含浏览器/终端控制辅助工具）作为可选依赖直接从 npm registry 安装——没有安装脚本，也不会从 npm 之外下载任何内容。Bun、pnpm 和 yarn 的行为完全一致，无需任何信任或批准步骤。跳过可选依赖的安装（`--omit=optional`）也能工作：只要二进制文件缺失，包装器就会从对应的 GitHub Release 下载。Windows on ARM 通过模拟运行 x64 构建。详见 [docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md](docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md)。

+之前通过 `@gitlawb/zero` 安装过 Zero？从 0.10.0 起，npm 包已迁移到 `@twigpine/zero`，旧包名不再发布新版本。两个包都提供 `zero` 命令，所以请先退出正在运行的 `zero`，再卸载旧包：
+
+```bash
+npm uninstall -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
+```
+
+配置、会话和登录信息都会保留，它们存放在包之外。Bun、pnpm 和 yarn 的命令见 [docs/INSTALL.md](docs/INSTALL.md#moving-from-gitlawbzero)。
+
 ### 安装脚本

 Linux/macOS：

 ```bash
-curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
 ```

 Windows PowerShell：

 ```powershell
-irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
+irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
 ```

 ### 从源码构建

-源码构建需要 Go 1.26.6+。
+源码构建需要 Go 1.26.9+。

 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero.git
+git clone https://github.com/Twigpine/zero.git
 cd zero
 go run ./cmd/zero
 ```
@@ -106,6 +185,8 @@ export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
 export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=...
 export GEMINI_API_KEY=...
 export LONGCAT_API_KEY=...
+export GMI_API_KEY=...
+export CONCENTRATE_API_KEY=...
 ```

 要直接配置美团 LongCat（LongCat-2.0），运行：
@@ -114,6 +195,18 @@ export LONGCAT_API_KEY=...
 zero providers setup longcat --set-active
 ```

+要直接配置 GMI Cloud，运行：
+
+```bash
+zero providers setup gmicloud --set-active
+```
+
+要直接配置 Concentrate，运行：
+
+```bash
+zero providers setup concentrate --set-active
+```
+
 对于本地模型，运行 Ollama、LM Studio 或 [Atomic Chat](https://atomic.chat) 桌面应用，
 然后使用 `zero setup` 或 `zero providers detect`。使用 Atomic Chat 时，请先加载模型并启用
 本地 OpenAI 兼容 API（默认地址为 `http://127.0.0.1:1337/v1`），再选择 `atomic-chat-local`。
@@ -218,7 +311,7 @@ zero context          上下文预算报告
 zero repo-map         确定性仓库映射
 zero repo-info        本地仓库摘要
 zero search | find    搜索本地会话历史
-zero sessions         检查、恢复、分叉和回滚会话
+zero sessions         检查、恢复、分叉、回滚和清理会话
 zero spec             管理规范模式草稿
 zero specialist       管理专业子智能体
 zero skills           管理 Markdown 指令技能
@@ -281,14 +374,14 @@ go run ./cmd/zero-release build --goos windows --goarch amd64 --output dist/zero
 实时交流在 [Discord 服务器](https://discord.gg/CaQDS6wdFn) 进行。

 提问、安装帮助、想法和分享都在
-[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions)：
+[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions)：

 | 分类 | 用途 |
 |---|---|
-| [Q&A](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/q-a) | 安装帮助、提供商/模型配置、"如何做"类问题 |
-| [Ideas](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) | 功能提议和 PR 之前的设计讨论 |
-| [Show and tell](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/show-and-tell) | 你的技能、插件、MCP 配置、主题和工作流 |
-| [Announcements](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/discussions/categories/announcements) | 维护者发布的版本和项目动态 |
+| [Q&A](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/q-a) | 安装帮助、提供商/模型配置、"如何做"类问题 |
+| [Ideas](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/ideas) | 功能提议和 PR 之前的设计讨论 |
+| [Show and tell](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/show-and-tell) | 你的技能、插件、MCP 配置、主题和工作流 |
+| [Announcements](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/discussions/categories/announcements) | 维护者发布的版本和项目动态 |

 ## 贡献

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: ZERO
 description: >-
  Run the ZERO coding agent headlessly in a GitHub workflow. ZERO is
  model- and provider-agnostic: you supply the provider and API key as inputs.
-author: Gitlawb
+author: Twigpine

 branding:
  icon: terminal
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ inputs:
  zero-repo:
    description: Repository to install the ZERO release from (owner/repo).
    required: false
-    default: Gitlawb/zero
+    default: Twigpine/zero

 outputs:
  exit-code:
@@ -1,11 +1,63 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node

 import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
-import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { existsSync, readFileSync, writeSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';

+const packageRoot = dirname(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)));
+
+const CURRENT_PACKAGE_NAME = '@twigpine/zero';
+// The npm package moved from @gitlawb/zero to @twigpine/zero in 0.10.0. That
+// release was also published once under the old name, so 0.9.0's `zero
+// upgrade` and anyone still installing the old name land on a working build
+// that says where the package went (docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md). Nothing is
+// published under the old name after that.
+const LEGACY_PACKAGE_NAME = '@gitlawb/zero';
+
+// The npm name this wrapper was published under, read from its own
+// package.json so the name lives in one place. The platform payload alias and
+// every reinstall hint below derive from it.
+function readPackageName(root) {
+  try {
+    const { name } = JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(root, 'package.json'), 'utf8'));
+    if (typeof name === 'string' && name !== '') return name;
+  } catch {
+    // An unreadable manifest must not stop the CLI from launching.
+  }
+  return CURRENT_PACKAGE_NAME;
+}
+
+const packageName = readPackageName(packageRoot);
+
+// Same note as legacyPackageSwitchMessage in internal/update/installmethod.go.
+// Uninstalling first is the only safe order: both packages own the `zero` bin,
+// so npm refuses to install the new one over the old (EEXIST), and forcing it
+// lets a later uninstall of the old package delete the shared bin.
+function legacyPackageNotice() {
+  return (
+    `[zero] Zero has moved to ${CURRENT_PACKAGE_NAME} on npm, and ${LEGACY_PACKAGE_NAME} gets no further releases.\n` +
+    'To keep getting updates, quit zero and run:\n' +
+    `  npm uninstall -g ${LEGACY_PACKAGE_NAME}\n` +
+    `  npm install -g ${CURRENT_PACKAGE_NAME}\n` +
+    'Uninstall first: both packages provide the `zero` command. With bun, pnpm or yarn, use its global remove and add commands instead.\n'
+  );
+}
+
+// Printed when the wrapper exits rather than before zero starts, because the
+// TUI takes over the screen and would hide anything printed first. Only on a
+// terminal, so scripts that capture stderr see nothing new. `zero update` and
+// `zero upgrade` print the same note themselves.
+if (packageName === LEGACY_PACKAGE_NAME && !['update', 'upgrade'].includes(process.argv[2])) {
+  process.on('exit', () => {
+    if (process.stderr.isTTY || process.env.ZERO_WRAPPER_SIMULATE_TTY === '1') {
+      // Synchronous: an exit handler cannot wait for an asynchronous write.
+      writeSync(2, legacyPackageNotice());
+    }
+  });
+}
+
 function zeroBinaryName(platform = process.platform) {
  return platform === 'win32' ? 'zero.exe' : 'zero';
 }
@@ -81,10 +133,10 @@ function bunRecoveryParagraph() {
  return (
    'You installed with Bun, which does not run dependency lifecycle scripts\n' +
    'by default. Trust the package to run the blocked postinstall:\n' +
-    '  bun pm trust @gitlawb/zero       (project install)\n' +
-    '  bun pm -g trust @gitlawb/zero    (global install)\n' +
+    `  bun pm trust ${packageName}       (project install)\n` +
+    `  bun pm -g trust ${packageName}    (global install)\n` +
    'On Bun versions without `bun pm trust`, add\n' +
-    '  "trustedDependencies": ["@gitlawb/zero"]\n' +
+    `  "trustedDependencies": ["${packageName}"]\n` +
    'to your project package.json and reinstall.\n' +
    '\n'
  );
@@ -93,14 +145,14 @@ function bunRecoveryParagraph() {
 function buildFromSourceParagraph() {
  return (
    'If this platform has no prebuilt binary, build from source:\n' +
-    'https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero (go run ./cmd/zero, requires Go 1.26+).'
+    'https://github.com/Twigpine/zero (go run ./cmd/zero, requires Go 1.26+).'
  );
 }

 function missingBinaryContextParagraph() {
  return (
-    'Normally npm installs it as an optional dependency of @gitlawb/zero\n' +
-    `(@gitlawb/zero-${process.platform}-${process.arch}), and the wrapper can\n` +
+    `Normally npm installs it as an optional dependency of ${packageName}\n` +
+    `(${packageName}-${process.platform}-${process.arch}), and the wrapper can\n` +
    'also download it from the GitHub Release when it is missing.'
  );
 }
@@ -113,7 +165,7 @@ function missingNativeRecoveryParagraphs(postinstallScript) {
    '\n' +
    'Things to try:\n' +
    '  - reinstall without omitting optional dependencies:\n' +
-    '      npm install -g @gitlawb/zero\n' +
+    `      npm install -g ${packageName}\n` +
    '  - run the downloader manually (needs write access to the package dir):\n' +
    `      node "${postinstallScript}"\n` +
    '\n' +
@@ -182,12 +234,12 @@ function missingNativeDoctorTextReport(postinstallScript) {
  );
 }

-// The platform payload is a version of @gitlawb/zero itself, installed under
-// an npm: alias (see docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md). The alias name is derived from
+// The platform payload is a version of this same package, installed under an
+// npm: alias (see docs/NPM_PACKAGING.md). The alias name is derived from
 // process.platform/process.arch, so an unsupported platform simply fails to
 // resolve and we fall through to the downloader.
 function platformPackageBinary() {
-  const aliasedName = `@gitlawb/zero-${process.platform}-${process.arch}`;
+  const aliasedName = `${packageName}-${process.platform}-${process.arch}`;
  let manifestPath;
  try {
    manifestPath = createRequire(import.meta.url).resolve(`${aliasedName}/package.json`);
@@ -227,8 +279,6 @@ function downloadMissingBinary(packageRoot) {
  });
 }

-const packageRoot = dirname(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)));
-
 function resolveNativeBinary() {
  const fromPlatformPackage = platformPackageBinary();
  if (fromPlatformPackage) return fromPlatformPackage;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: Gitlawb/zero@v1
+      - uses: Twigpine/zero@v1
        with:
          prompt: ${{ inputs.task }}
          provider: openai
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
 | `github-token` | no | `${{ github.token }}` | Token used to post a PR comment. Requires `pull-requests: write`. |
 | `working-directory` | no | `${{ github.workspace }}` | Directory to run ZERO in. |
 | `zero-version` | no | (action ref → `latest`) | ZERO release version/tag to install, e.g. `v1.2.3` or `latest`. |
-| `zero-repo` | no | `Gitlawb/zero` | Repository to install the ZERO release from. |
+| `zero-repo` | no | `Twigpine/zero` | Repository to install the ZERO release from. |

 ## Outputs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: Gitlawb/zero@v1
+      - uses: Twigpine/zero@v1
        with:
          prompt: |
            Investigate this issue and propose a fix.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: Gitlawb/zero@v1
+      - uses: Twigpine/zero@v1
        id: zero
        with:
          prompt-file: .github/zero/upgrade-deps.md
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ jobs:
 - **Least-privilege tokens.** Grant only the permissions the workflow needs
  (`contents: write` to edit files, `pull-requests: write` to comment). The
  default `GITHUB_TOKEN` is scoped to the repository.
- **Pin the action.** Reference a tag (`Gitlawb/zero@v1`) or a commit SHA so a
+- **Pin the action.** Reference a tag (`Twigpine/zero@v1`) or a commit SHA so a
  workflow run uses a known ZERO version. `zero-version` lets you pin the
  installed binary independently of the action ref.
 - **Linux and macOS runners** are supported; Windows runners are rejected with a
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ blessed one.

 | Method | Command | Self-update |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| Install script (Linux, macOS) | `curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.sh \| bash` | `zero upgrade` |
-| Install script (Windows) | `irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 \| iex` | `zero upgrade` |
-| npm | `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero` | `zero upgrade` (runs npm) |
-| Release archive | download from [Releases](https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero/releases) | `zero upgrade` |
-| mise | `mise use -g ubi:Gitlawb/zero` | `mise upgrade` |
+| Install script (Linux, macOS) | `curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.sh \| bash` | `zero upgrade` |
+| Install script (Windows) | `irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 \| iex` | `zero upgrade` |
+| npm | `npm install -g @twigpine/zero` | `zero upgrade` (runs npm) |
+| Release archive | download from [Releases](https://github.com/Twigpine/zero/releases) | `zero upgrade` |
+| mise | `mise use -g ubi:Twigpine/zero` | `mise upgrade` |
 | `go install` | `go install github.com/Gitlawb/zero/cmd/zero@latest` | rerun the command |
 | Source | `go build -o zero ./cmd/zero` | rebuild |

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Release and verify its checksum.
 ## npm

 ```bash
-npm install -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
 zero
 ```

@@ -56,15 +56,47 @@ cannot write to keeps failing — rerun the install or the command below with
 sufficient permissions). To trigger the fetch manually:

 ```bash
-node "$(npm root -g)/@gitlawb/zero/scripts/postinstall.mjs"
+node "$(npm root -g)/@twigpine/zero/scripts/postinstall.mjs"
 ```

+### Moving from @gitlawb/zero
+
+Zero was published as `@gitlawb/zero` up to 0.9.0. From 0.10.0 it is
+`@twigpine/zero`, and the old name gets no further releases.
+
+Both packages provide the `zero` command, so npm refuses to install the new
+one while the old one is installed (`EEXIST`). Forcing it is worse: a later
+uninstall of the old package removes the shared `zero` command. Quit any
+running `zero` (on Windows a running `zero.exe` cannot be removed), then
+uninstall the old package before installing the new one:
+
+```bash
+npm uninstall -g @gitlawb/zero
+npm install -g @twigpine/zero
+```
+
+With another package manager, the same two steps:
+
+```bash
+bun remove -g @gitlawb/zero && bun add -g @twigpine/zero
+pnpm remove -g @gitlawb/zero && pnpm add -g @twigpine/zero
+yarn global remove @gitlawb/zero && yarn global add @twigpine/zero
+```
+
+Config, sessions, logins, and plugins live in your user config and home
+directories, not in the package, so they carry over unchanged.
+
+0.10.0 was also published once as `@gitlawb/zero`, so an old install that
+updates lands on a working build. That build prints these steps when `zero`
+exits in a terminal, and `zero upgrade` and `zero update --check` print them
+too.
+
 ## Linux And macOS Script

 Install the latest release:

 ```bash
-curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.sh | bash
 ```

 From a checkout:
@@ -89,7 +121,7 @@ scripts/install.sh --install-dir "$HOME/bin"

 Defaults:

- Repository: `Gitlawb/zero`
+- Repository: `Twigpine/zero`
 - Version: latest GitHub release
 - Install path: `~/.local/bin/zero`

@@ -100,7 +132,7 @@ Requirements: Bash, `curl` or `wget`, `tar`, and `shasum` or `sha256sum`.
 Install the latest release:

 ```powershell
-irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gitlawb/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
+irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Twigpine/zero/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex
 ```

 From a checkout:
@@ -123,7 +155,7 @@ powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File scripts/install.ps1 -InstallDir "$env:U

 Defaults:

- Repository: `Gitlawb/zero`
+- Repository: `Twigpine/zero`
 - Version: latest GitHub release
 - Install path: `%LOCALAPPDATA%\zero\bin\zero.exe`

@@ -134,13 +166,13 @@ archives through its `ubi` backend, so there is nothing extra to publish and no
 registry in the middle:

 ```bash
-mise use -g ubi:Gitlawb/zero
+mise use -g ubi:Twigpine/zero
 ```

 Pin a version the same way you would any other tool:

 ```bash
-mise use -g ubi:Gitlawb/[email protected]
+mise use -g ubi:Twigpine/[email protected]
 ```

 Updates come from `mise upgrade`. `zero upgrade` also works, because a
@@ -153,7 +185,7 @@ describe a version that is no longer on disk. Prefer `mise upgrade`.
 go install github.com/Gitlawb/zero/cmd/zero@latest
 ```

-This builds from source, so it needs Go 1.26.6+ and it does not go through the
+This builds from source, so it needs Go 1.26.9+ and it does not go through the
 release archives. Two consequences worth knowing before you pick it:

 - On Linux you also need the sandbox helper, which is a separate binary and is
@@ -169,7 +201,7 @@ macOS and Windows need no extra helper.
 ## From Source

 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero.git
+git clone https://github.com/Twigpine/zero.git
 cd zero
 go run ./cmd/zero
 ```
@@ -180,7 +212,7 @@ Build a local binary:
 go build -o zero ./cmd/zero
 ```

-Source builds require Go 1.26.6+.
+Source builds require Go 1.26.9+.

 ### Sandbox Helpers For Source Builds

@@ -213,7 +245,7 @@ seccomp filter on Android:
 pkg install golang

 # Build Zero for Android
-git clone https://github.com/Gitlawb/zero.git
+git clone https://github.com/Twigpine/zero.git
 cd zero
 CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=android GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o zero ./cmd/zero

@@ -302,7 +334,10 @@ See the [update guide](UPDATE.md) for update modes, flags, and platform details.
 overwriting a binary a package manager owns leaves that manager describing a
 version that is no longer there:

- **npm**: runs `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero@latest` for you.
+- **npm**: runs `npm install -g @twigpine/zero@latest` for you. An install of
+  the old `@gitlawb/zero` package refuses instead and prints the steps in
+  [Moving from @gitlawb/zero](#moving-from-gitlawbzero): that name gets no
+  further releases, so npm would only reinstall the same version.
 - **Homebrew**: refuses, and tells you to run `brew upgrade zero`. Replacing the
  keg binary directly would be reverted by the next `brew upgrade` or
  `brew reinstall`.
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Local per-model completion limits
+
+Add `modelRPM` to the existing Zero config file:
+
+```json
+{"modelRPM": {"gpt-4.1": 30, "claude-sonnet-4.5": 15}}
+```
+
+Keys resolve through the model registry; custom IDs match exactly after trimming
+whitespace. Missing keys and zero mean unlimited. Negative limits and conflicting
+aliases are configuration errors. Project config may add or tighten a user cap,
+but cannot relax it. Changes take effect on the next Zero process start.
+
+For `zero exec` and interactive agent turns, admission happens immediately before
+the wrapped turn session's `Stream`. N admissions fit in any sliding 60-second
+window; N+1 returns a local rate-limit error before entering that method. The
+error reports when a slot expires. Exec uses its existing provider-error exit
+code plus a local-limit hint. There is no sleep or hidden retry. Failed admitted
+requests still consume a slot.
+
+Sessions and model switches share a limiter in one process. Separate processes
+have independent windows; restarting clears them. This is not an account-wide
+cap. It counts Stream admissions, not all HTTP requests: setup/prewarm,
+compaction, provider-internal retries, discovery and direct calls outside that
+boundary are not counted. No TPM, cost budgets, persistence, cross-process
+coordination or new runtime/Python dependency is introduced.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # npm packaging

-How `@gitlawb/zero` is put together on npm, why it is shaped this way, and the
+How `@twigpine/zero` is put together on npm, why it is shaped this way, and the
 rules the release pipeline must follow. Read this before touching
 `package.json`, `bin/zero.js`, `scripts/postinstall.mjs`,
 `scripts/npm/build-platform-packages.mjs`, or the npm-publish steps of
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ rules the release pipeline must follow. Read this before touching

 ## Goals

-A `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero` must be **silent and self-contained**:
+A `npm install -g @twigpine/zero` must be **silent and self-contained**:

 - No `EBADENGINE` warnings — ours or from any package in the dependency tree.
 - No install scripts anywhere in the tree, so npm's `allow-scripts` gating,
@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ The model is the one used by Codex, esbuild, and Biome: a tiny wrapper package
 plus per-platform payloads carrying the native binaries.

 ```
-@gitlawb/zero                    <- wrapper: bin/zero.js + optionalDependencies
-├─ @gitlawb/zero-darwin-arm64 -> npm:@gitlawb/zero@{version}-darwin-arm64
-├─ @gitlawb/zero-darwin-x64   -> npm:@gitlawb/zero@{version}-darwin-x64
-├─ @gitlawb/zero-linux-arm64  -> npm:@gitlawb/zero@{version}-linux-arm64
-├─ @gitlawb/zero-linux-x64    -> npm:@gitlawb/zero@{version}-linux-x64
-└─ @gitlawb/zero-win32-x64    -> npm:@gitlawb/zero@{version}-win32-x64
+@twigpine/zero                    <- wrapper: bin/zero.js + optionalDependencies
+├─ @twigpine/zero-darwin-arm64 -> npm:@twigpine/zero@{version}-darwin-arm64
+├─ @twigpine/zero-darwin-x64   -> npm:@twigpine/zero@{version}-darwin-x64
+├─ @twigpine/zero-linux-arm64  -> npm:@twigpine/zero@{version}-linux-arm64
+├─ @twigpine/zero-linux-x64    -> npm:@twigpine/zero@{version}-linux-x64
+└─ @twigpine/zero-win32-x64    -> npm:@twigpine/zero@{version}-win32-x64
 ```

- The platform "packages" are **versions of the same `@gitlawb/zero` package**,
+- The platform "packages" are **versions of the same `@twigpine/zero` package**,
  published at suffixed versions (`0.4.0-linux-x64`) and referenced through
  `npm:` aliases in `optionalDependencies`. One package name means one npm
  trusted-publisher configuration — no new publish credentials per platform.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ plus per-platform payloads carrying the native binaries.

 ### Binary resolution in `bin/zero.js`

-1. Resolve `@gitlawb/zero-<platform>-<arch>` and exec the `zero` binary from
+1. Resolve `@twigpine/zero-<platform>-<arch>` and exec the `zero` binary from
   it. This wins over any previously downloaded copy — the platform version is
   pinned to the wrapper release.
 2. Fall back to a binary previously downloaded next to the wrapper.
@@ -103,10 +103,22 @@ dependencies of the wrapper:
  platform binary (plus the musl variant on linux, which its launcher detects
  at runtime) — about 65 MB saved per platform package.

+### One package name
+
+The npm name lives in `package.json` and nothing else repeats it:
+`scripts/npm/build-platform-packages.mjs` names the wrapper, the platform
+versions, the alias names, and the alias targets from it, and `bin/zero.js`
+reads its own `package.json` to derive the alias it resolves. The Go side
+needs the name as a constant (`npmPackageName` in
+`internal/update/installmethod.go`), and a test holds it equal to
+`package.json`.
+
 ## Publishing rules (release pipeline)

 These are the invariants `release-artifacts.yml` must hold. Breaking the first
-one is user-visible immediately.
+one is user-visible immediately. `scripts/npm/publish-packages.sh` implements
+them, and `internal/npmwrapper/publish_test.go` runs it against a fake
+registry.

 1. **Platform versions must never become `latest`.** `0.4.0-linux-x64` is a
   semver *prerelease* of `0.4.0`; publishing it without an explicit
@@ -118,20 +130,67 @@ one is user-visible immediately.
   bootstrap publish) — a missing value must not abort the job between the
   platform and wrapper publishes, which would strand a half-published
   release.
-2. **Platform versions publish before the wrapper.** The wrapper's
-   `optionalDependencies` pin exact suffixed versions; publishing the wrapper
-   first would create a window where installs resolve aliases that 404.
+2. **Platform versions are on the registry before the wrapper.** The
+   wrapper's `optionalDependencies` pin exact suffixed versions; publishing
+   the wrapper first would create a window where installs resolve aliases
+   that 404. Ordering the uploads is not enough: npm applies a publish
+   asynchronously, and in 0.10.0 a platform version appeared ten minutes
+   after its upload returned, after the wrapper. The publish script waits
+   until npm shows every platform version before it publishes the wrapper,
+   and waits the same way for `latest` afterwards (up to 30 minutes in all).
 3. **Exact-version pinning.** The wrapper at `X.Y.Z` references platform
   versions `X.Y.Z-<platform>-<arch>` exactly — never ranges — so a wrapper
-   and its binaries can never skew.
+   and its binaries can never skew. The publish script refuses to start when
+   the wrapper's aliases do not match the platform payloads beside it.
 4. All publishes go through the existing npm OIDC trusted-publishing flow and
   the `npm-publish` environment gate; no tokens. Because the platform
   payloads are versions of the same package, they reuse the single
-   trusted-publisher configuration.
+   trusted-publisher configuration. npm checks provenance against
+   `package.json` `repository`, so it must name the repository the workflow
+   runs in.
+5. **Re-runs are safe.** A version already on the registry is skipped rather
+   than republished, so re-running a job that failed between the platform and
+   wrapper publishes finishes the release. Only npm's E404 counts as "not
+   published"; a lookup that fails any other way is retried and then stops the
+   job before anything is published.

 `zero update` keeps working unchanged: it detects an npm install by finding a
-`package.json` named `@gitlawb/zero` next to the running binary — true inside
-a platform payload too — and updates via `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero@latest`.
+`package.json` named `@twigpine/zero` next to the running binary — true inside
+a platform payload too — and updates via `npm install -g @twigpine/zero@latest`.
+
+## The move from `@gitlawb/zero`
+
+Zero was published as `@gitlawb/zero` up to 0.9.0 and as `@twigpine/zero`
+from 0.10.0. There is no in-place migration: both packages own the `zero`
+bin, so npm refuses to install one over the other (`EEXIST`), and forcing it
+lets a later uninstall of the old package delete the shared bin. The user
+has to uninstall the old package and install the new one, in that order.
+
+Deprecating the old package alone would not have reached existing users.
+0.9.0's `zero upgrade` runs `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero@latest`; with
+nothing newer under that name, npm reinstalls nothing, prints no deprecation
+warning (it only warns when it installs something), and Zero reports the
+update as done. So 0.10.0 was published once more under the old name, as a
+bridge:
+
+- The release job assembled the same verified artifacts a second time with
+  `build-platform-packages.mjs --package-name @gitlawb/zero` and published
+  them with the same script, after the `@twigpine/zero` publish. The steps
+  that did this ran once and have been removed from `release-artifacts.yml`.
+- The bridge build knows its name from the `package.json` beside it. The Go
+  binary reports it as `InstallMethodNpmLegacy`: `zero upgrade` refuses
+  with the switch steps instead of reinstalling it, and `zero update --check`
+  adds them. `bin/zero.js` prints the same steps after `zero` exits, on a
+  terminal only. This handling stays in the code, since only a build
+  installed under the old name ever triggers it.
+- Updating from 0.9.0 installs that bridge build, so npm also shows the
+  deprecation message.
+
+`@gitlawb/zero` is deprecated on every version and no longer has a trusted
+publisher, so this release workflow cannot publish it again; another version
+would take a maintainer publishing by hand. Its versions stay on the
+registry: existing installs resolve their platform payload through them, so
+they must never be unpublished.

 ## Runbook: bumping the vendored helpers

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@

 Run this checklist when a PR changes npm distribution files such as
 `package.json`, `bin/zero.js`, `scripts/npm/build-platform-packages.mjs`,
-Go build or release tooling, or the npm `bin` wrapper.
+`scripts/npm/publish-packages.sh`, Go build or release tooling, or the npm
+`bin` wrapper.

 ## Required Checks

@@ -37,24 +38,24 @@ path:

 ```bash
 # platform-package path
-mkdir -p /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb
-cp -R dist/npm/wrapper /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb/zero
+mkdir -p /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine
+cp -R dist/npm/wrapper /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine/zero
 cp -R dist/npm/platforms/zero-<platform>-<arch> \
-  "/tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb/zero-<platform>-<arch>"
-node /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb/zero/bin/zero.js --version
+  "/tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine/zero-<platform>-<arch>"
+node /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine/zero/bin/zero.js --version

 # first-run download fallback (delete the platform package first)
-rm -rf "/tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb/zero-<platform>-<arch>"
-node /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@gitlawb/zero/bin/zero.js --version
+rm -rf "/tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine/zero-<platform>-<arch>"
+node /tmp/zero-sim/node_modules/@twigpine/zero/bin/zero.js --version
 ```

 ## Checklist

- `package.json` has the expected package name (`@gitlawb/zero`), version,
+- `package.json` has the expected package name (`@twigpine/zero`), version,
  `bin.zero` entry, and NO `scripts` entries — the published package must be
  free of lifecycle scripts (see NPM_PACKAGING.md).
 - `scripts/npm/build-platform-packages.mjs` emits platform payloads whose
-  `package.json` is `@gitlawb/zero@<version>-<platform>-<arch>` with matching
+  `package.json` is `@twigpine/zero@<version>-<platform>-<arch>` with matching
  `os`/`cpu`, contains the executable binary and the vendored `helpers/` tree
  with regular-file (non-symlink) `.bin` shims, and a wrapper payload with no
  scripts, no dependencies, and the full five-alias `optionalDependencies`
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Zero.
 ## User Docs

 - [Install](INSTALL.md)
+- [Local per-model completion limits](MODEL_RPM.md)
 - [Update flow](UPDATE.md)
 - [OAuth logins and subscription-backed providers](oauth-subscriptions.md)

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ downloads, verifies, and installs it.
 ```bash
 zero update --check
 zero update --check --json
-zero update --check --repo Gitlawb/zero
+zero update --check --repo Twigpine/zero
 zero update --check --target windows-x64

 zero upgrade
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ them explicitly; `zero upgrade` is `zero update` with `--apply` implied.

 `--apply` installs the update in place:

- npm installs delegate to `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero@latest`.
+- npm installs delegate to `npm install -g @twigpine/zero@latest`. An install
+  of the old `@gitlawb/zero` package refuses, without a release check, and
+  prints the steps to switch to `@twigpine/zero` (see
+  [INSTALL.md](INSTALL.md#moving-from-gitlawbzero)); `--check` prints them
+  too.
 - Standalone installs download the release archive, verify its checksum,
  extract it, and atomically replace the running binary plus any installed
  optional sandbox helpers.
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ them explicitly; `zero upgrade` is `zero update` with `--apply` implied.
 - `--target` cannot be combined with `--apply`; it only applies to `--check`,
  since applying always installs onto the current machine.
 - `--repo` and `--endpoint` are ignored when applying to an npm-managed
-  install: that path delegates to `npm install -g @gitlawb/zero@latest` and
+  install: that path delegates to `npm install -g @twigpine/zero@latest` and
  takes its release from the npm registry, not from GitHub. They still apply to
  `--check` there.
 - `--json` serializes Zero's final result. For npm-managed installs, npm may
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ Endpoint resolution order:
 1. `--endpoint`
 2. `ZERO_UPDATE_RELEASE_URL`
 3. `--repo`
-4. `https://api.github.com/repos/Gitlawb/zero/releases/latest`
+4. `https://api.github.com/repos/Twigpine/zero/releases/latest`

 Installer scripts download the matching release asset for the local platform and
 verify its `.sha256` file. If Zero is already installed, run `zero upgrade`
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 80 80" width="80" height="80">
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+</g>
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+</svg>
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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+</defs>
+</svg>
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/Gitlawb/zero

-go 1.26.6
+go 1.26.9

 require (
 	charm.land/bubbles/v2 v2.1.1
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/agent"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/modelregistry"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/providercatalog"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/providermodelcatalog"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/providermodeldiscovery"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sandbox"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sessions"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tools"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/usage"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
 )

@@ -106,6 +108,14 @@ type acpSession struct {
 	restrictModels bool
 	cancel         context.CancelFunc
 	history        []turnRecord
+
+	// readOnly marks a session published by session/load for a kind that is
+	// not resumable (a child, side or spec sub-run). Load still replays its
+	// transcript, which is the render-only use a client needs, but a prompt
+	// would continue the sub-run as a standalone conversation, which every
+	// other resume path refuses (sessions.IsResumableKind). Set once when the
+	// session is first registered and never changed, so it is read without mu.
+	readOnly bool
 }

 // NewAgent builds the ACP server and registers its method handlers on conn.
@@ -204,7 +214,7 @@ func (a *Agent) handleSessionNew(ctx context.Context, params json.RawMessage) (a
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, RPCError(codeInternalError, "create session: "+err.Error())
 	}
-	sess, _ := a.registerSession(meta.SessionID, root, nil, model, models, restrictModels)
+	sess, _ := a.registerSession(meta.SessionID, root, nil, model, models, restrictModels, false, agent.PermissionModeAuto)
 	return NewSessionResult{
 		SessionID:     sess.id,
 		ConfigOptions: a.configOptions(sess),
@@ -301,6 +311,12 @@ func (a *Agent) activatePersistedSession(ctx context.Context, p LoadSessionParam
 	if operation == persistedSessionResume && historyErr != nil {
 		return nil, RPCError(codeInternalError, "restore session history: "+historyErr.Error())
 	}
+	// Load stays best effort about a history it cannot read, but not about one
+	// prune holds: publishing it would leave the client using a session prune may
+	// be removing, one this process could not hold open.
+	if errors.Is(historyErr, sessions.ErrPruning) {
+		return nil, RPCError(codeInternalError, historyErr.Error())
+	}
 	model, models, restrictModels, err := a.resolveModelChoices(ctx, root)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, RPCError(codeInternalError, "config: "+err.Error())
@@ -311,7 +327,10 @@ func (a *Agent) activatePersistedSession(ctx context.Context, p LoadSessionParam
 			models = append(models, SessionConfigOptionValue{Value: persistedModel, Name: persistedModel})
 		}
 	}
-	sess, existed := a.registerSession(meta.SessionID, root, history, model, models, restrictModels)
+	// Resume has already refused a non-resumable kind above, so only load can
+	// reach here with one, and it publishes that session for viewing only.
+	readOnly := !sessions.IsResumableKind(meta.SessionKind)
+	sess, existed := a.registerSession(meta.SessionID, root, history, model, models, restrictModels, readOnly, restoredPermissionMode(meta.PermissionMode))
 	if existed {
 		_, messages, historyWarning, historyErr = a.refreshSessionHistory(sess, requireHistoryLog)
 		if operation == persistedSessionResume && historyErr != nil {
@@ -433,6 +452,9 @@ func (a *Agent) handleSessionPrompt(ctx context.Context, params json.RawMessage)
 	if sess == nil {
 		return nil, RPCError(codeInvalidParams, "unknown session: "+p.SessionID)
 	}
+	if sess.readOnly {
+		return nil, RPCError(codeInvalidParams, "session is not resumable, so it was loaded for viewing only and cannot be prompted: "+p.SessionID)
+	}

 	// Serialize turns for this session so two prompts can't interleave history or
 	// fight over the single cancel slot. session/cancel still works concurrently
@@ -508,6 +530,30 @@ func (a *Agent) runTurn(ctx context.Context, sess *acpSession, userText string,
 	}
 	queue(messageEvent("user", userText))

+	visionCache := make(map[string]bool)
+	var visionCacheMu sync.Mutex
+	supportsVision := func(modelID string) bool {
+		modelID = strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
+		if modelID == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		visionCacheMu.Lock()
+		defer visionCacheMu.Unlock()
+		if cached, ok := visionCache[modelID]; ok {
+			return cached
+		}
+		supported := a.modelSupportsVision(ctx, resolved.Provider, modelID)
+		visionCache[modelID] = supported
+		return supported
+	}
+	effectivePrompt := userText
+	if len(images) > 0 && !supportsVision(resolved.Provider.Model) {
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("Model %s does not support image input; ignoring %d prompt image(s).", resolved.Provider.Model, len(images))
+		note.text("[zero] " + msg + "\n\n")
+		effectivePrompt = fmt.Sprintf("[Note: %s]\n\n%s", msg, userText)
+		images = nil
+	}
+
 	opts := agent.Options{
 		Cwd:            sess.cwd,
 		SessionID:      sess.id,
@@ -519,8 +565,15 @@ func (a *Agent) runTurn(ctx context.Context, sess *acpSession, userText string,
 		DeferThreshold: workspace.DeferThreshold,
 		MaxTurns:       resolved.MaxTurns,
 		Images:         images,
+		SupportsVision: supportsVision,
 		OnText:         note.text,
 		OnReasoning:    note.thought,
+		// Persist token usage the same way `zero exec` does, so `zero usage report`
+		// sees ACP sessions too. It joins the turn's buffered batch: a hard run
+		// failure that aborts the turn drops its usage together with its history.
+		OnUsage: func(u agent.Usage) {
+			queue(usageEvent(u))
+		},
 		OnToolCall: func(call agent.ToolCall) {
 			queue(toolCallEvent(call))
 			note.toolCall(call)
@@ -537,7 +590,7 @@ func (a *Agent) runTurn(ctx context.Context, sess *acpSession, userText string,
 		},
 	}

-	agentPrompt := buildPrompt(sess.snapshotHistory(), userText)
+	agentPrompt := buildPrompt(sess.snapshotHistory(), effectivePrompt)
 	result, runErr := a.deps.RunAgent(ctx, agentPrompt, provider, opts)
 	if result.FinalAnswer != "" {
 		queue(messageEvent("assistant", result.FinalAnswer))
@@ -649,7 +702,9 @@ func (a *Agent) handleSetMode(_ context.Context, params json.RawMessage) (any, e
 	mode := agent.PermissionMode(p.ModeID)
 	switch mode {
 	case agent.PermissionModeAuto, agent.PermissionModeAsk, agent.PermissionModePlan:
-		sess.setMode(mode)
+		if err := a.updateMode(sess, mode); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		(&notifier{conn: a.conn, sessionID: sess.id}).currentMode(string(mode))
 		return SetSessionModeResult{}, nil
 	case agent.PermissionModeUnsafe:
@@ -685,7 +740,9 @@ func (a *Agent) handleSetConfigOption(_ context.Context, params json.RawMessage)
 		mode := agent.PermissionMode(p.Value)
 		switch mode {
 		case agent.PermissionModeAuto, agent.PermissionModeAsk, agent.PermissionModePlan:
-			sess.setMode(mode)
+			if err := a.updateMode(sess, mode); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 			(&notifier{conn: a.conn, sessionID: sess.id}).currentMode(string(mode))
 		case agent.PermissionModeUnsafe:
 			return nil, RPCError(codeInvalidParams, "mode not permitted over ACP: "+p.Value)
@@ -727,6 +784,35 @@ func (a *Agent) updateModel(sess *acpSession, model string, restrictModels bool)
 	return nil
 }

+// updateMode persists the mode BEFORE applying it, so a failed write fails the
+// request instead of leaving disk behind memory; the same order updateModel
+// uses. The caller holds sess.turnMu (both mode doors take it and it is not
+// reentrant, so this must not lock it again); the write under turnMu briefly
+// blocks that session's prompts, which is what makes the store authoritative.
+func (a *Agent) updateMode(sess *acpSession, mode agent.PermissionMode) error {
+	if _, err := a.deps.Store.UpdateMode(sess.id, string(mode)); err != nil {
+		return RPCError(codeInternalError, "save mode selection: "+err.Error())
+	}
+	sess.setMode(mode)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// restoredPermissionMode maps a persisted mode onto the modes ACP offers. A
+// session written before modes were persisted has none and keeps the historical
+// auto default. A stored value outside the three is never allowed to come back
+// weaker than ask, and unsafe can never be reached because ACP refuses to set
+// it in the first place.
+func restoredPermissionMode(saved string) agent.PermissionMode {
+	switch mode := agent.PermissionMode(strings.TrimSpace(saved)); mode {
+	case agent.PermissionModeAuto, agent.PermissionModeAsk, agent.PermissionModePlan:
+		return mode
+	case "":
+		return agent.PermissionModeAuto
+	default:
+		return agent.PermissionModeAsk
+	}
+}
+
 func (a *Agent) handleCancel(_ context.Context, params json.RawMessage) {
 	var p CancelParams
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(params, &p); err != nil {
@@ -851,6 +937,15 @@ func messageEvent(role, content string) sessions.AppendEventInput {
 	}
 }

+// usageEvent records one provider usage report in the same persisted shape the
+// exec runtime writes (usage.EventUsagePayload is the single writer).
+func usageEvent(u agent.Usage) sessions.AppendEventInput {
+	return sessions.AppendEventInput{
+		Type:    sessions.EventUsage,
+		Payload: usage.EventUsagePayload(u),
+	}
+}
+
 func toolCallEvent(call agent.ToolCall) sessions.AppendEventInput {
 	return sessions.AppendEventInput{
 		Type: sessions.EventToolCall,
@@ -908,9 +1003,20 @@ func (a *Agent) loadHistory(sessionID string, requireHistoryLog bool) ([]turnRec
 	// enough: rehydration substitutes the compaction event in place of the events
 	// it replaced, so a loop that skips everything but EventMessage would drop the
 	// summary exactly as before. It is projected below. Reported by @jatmn.
+	//
+	// The session was picked from its metadata a moment ago. Make sure it is
+	// still there, and held, before restoring it: see sessions.HoldToContinue.
+	if err := a.deps.Store.HoldToContinue(sessionID); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
 	events, eventLogPresent, err := a.deps.Store.ReadRehydratedEventsWithPresence(sessionID)
 	var rehydrateWarning error
 	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, sessions.ErrPruning) {
+			// Not a rehydration failure: the raw read would continue the session
+			// without holding it while zero sessions prune may be removing it.
+			return nil, nil, nil, err
+		}
 		rehydrateWarning = err
 		events, eventLogPresent, err = a.deps.Store.ReadEventsWithPresence(sessionID)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1153,14 +1259,15 @@ func promptImages(blocks []ContentBlock) []zeroruntime.ImageBlock {
 // session is returned rather than orphaning its turn or resetting its mode/model.
 // The bool reports that case so persisted activation can re-read and apply disk
 // history under turnMu. history is set BEFORE first publication so no concurrent
-// prompt can read a half-initialized session.
-func (a *Agent) registerSession(id, cwd string, history []turnRecord, model string, models []SessionConfigOptionValue, restrictModels bool) (*acpSession, bool) {
+// prompt can read a half-initialized session. mode is the session's initial
+// permission mode: auto for a new session, the restored value for load/resume.
+func (a *Agent) registerSession(id, cwd string, history []turnRecord, model string, models []SessionConfigOptionValue, restrictModels bool, readOnly bool, mode agent.PermissionMode) (*acpSession, bool) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	defer a.mu.Unlock()
 	if existing := a.sessions[id]; existing != nil {
 		return existing, true
 	}
-	sess := &acpSession{id: id, cwd: cwd, mode: agent.PermissionModeAuto, model: model, models: models, restrictModels: restrictModels, history: history}
+	sess := &acpSession{id: id, cwd: cwd, mode: mode, model: model, models: models, restrictModels: restrictModels, history: history, readOnly: readOnly}
 	a.sessions[id] = sess
 	return sess, false
 }
@@ -1305,3 +1412,32 @@ func sameWorkspace(left, right string) bool {
 	}
 	return os.SameFile(leftInfo, rightInfo)
 }
+
+func (a *Agent) modelSupportsVision(ctx context.Context, profile config.ProviderProfile, modelID string) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if a.deps.DiscoverModels != nil {
+		if discovered, err := a.deps.DiscoverModels(ctx, profile); err == nil {
+			for _, dm := range discovered {
+				if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(dm.ID), trimmed) {
+					if len(dm.InputModalities) > 0 {
+						for _, mod := range dm.InputModalities {
+							if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(mod), "image") {
+								return true
+							}
+						}
+						return false
+					}
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	reg, _ := modelregistry.DefaultRegistry()
+	if entry, known := reg.Resolve(trimmed); known {
+		return entry.Supports(modelregistry.ModelCapabilityVision)
+	}
+	return modelregistry.SupportsVision(reg, trimmed)
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package acp

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -847,6 +849,48 @@ func TestACPRunTurnClosesWorkspaceAfterSuccessAndFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestACPWiresSupportsVision(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	var captured agent.Options
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		captured = opts
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "done"}, nil
+	}
+	deps.DiscoverModels = func(_ context.Context, _ config.ProviderProfile) ([]providermodeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+		return []providermodeldiscovery.Model{
+			{ID: "custom-vision", InputModalities: []string{"text", "image"}},
+			{ID: "custom-text", InputModalities: []string{"text"}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var newRes NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir(), McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &newRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/new: %v", err)
+	}
+	var promptRes PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: newRes.SessionID,
+		Prompt: []ContentBlock{
+			{Type: "text", Text: "hello"},
+		},
+	}, &promptRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	if captured.SupportsVision == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SupportsVision was not wired into agent.Options")
+	}
+	if !captured.SupportsVision("custom-vision") {
+		t.Fatal("SupportsVision(custom-vision) = false, want true")
+	}
+	if captured.SupportsVision("custom-text") {
+		t.Fatal("SupportsVision(custom-text) = true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
 // TestACPRejectsInvalidCwd confirms session/new fails when the workspace root
 // resolver rejects the client cwd (e.g. filesystem root).
 func TestACPRejectsInvalidCwd(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1251,6 +1295,85 @@ func TestACPResumeAppliesStandaloneSessionKindPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 			}, &LoadSessionResult{}); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("session/load should retain render-only access: %v", err)
 			}
+			// The check above only showed the refused resume never registered the
+			// session. Load does register it, so the prompt that matters is the one
+			// AFTER the load: render-only means the transcript can be read and the
+			// sub-run cannot be continued.
+			err = h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+				SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("must stay closed after load")},
+			}, &PromptResult{})
+			if !errors.As(err, &rpcErr) || rpcErr.Code != codeInvalidParams {
+				t.Fatalf("session/prompt after load of a %s session = %v, want invalid params", tc.name, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// LOAD PUBLISHES A SUB-RUN FOR VIEWING, NOT FOR CONTINUING. Every other resume
+// path (the TUI, exec sessions, the exec CLI, and ACP's own session/resume)
+// refuses a kind sessions.IsResumableKind rejects. session/load has a real
+// render-only use, a client rebuilding a transcript it can scroll, so it keeps
+// loading those sessions; what it must not do is publish one that accepts a
+// prompt, because the prompt would carry on a child, side or spec sub-run as a
+// standalone conversation. Checked in both directions, so a gate that refused
+// everything would fail on the resumable kinds.
+func TestACPLoadPublishesSubRunsReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		kind     sessions.SessionKind
+		readOnly bool
+	}{
+		{name: "regular", kind: ""},
+		{name: "fork", kind: sessions.SessionKindFork},
+		{name: "child", kind: sessions.SessionKindChild, readOnly: true},
+		{name: "side", kind: sessions.SessionKindSide, readOnly: true},
+		{name: "spec draft", kind: sessions.SessionKindSpecDraft, readOnly: true},
+		{name: "spec impl", kind: sessions.SessionKindSpecImpl, readOnly: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := !sessions.IsResumableKind(tc.kind); got != tc.readOnly {
+				t.Fatalf("SETUP INVALID: IsResumableKind(%q) disagrees with this table (readOnly=%v), so the cases no longer mean what they say", tc.kind, tc.readOnly)
+			}
+			deps := testDeps(t)
+			workspace := t.TempDir()
+			created, err := deps.Store.Create(sessions.CreateInput{
+				SessionID: "load-" + strings.ReplaceAll(tc.name, " ", "-"), Cwd: workspace, SessionKind: tc.kind,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			h := newHarness(t, deps)
+			defer h.stop()
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{
+				SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace,
+			}, &LoadSessionResult{}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("session/load of a %s session: %v", tc.name, err)
+			}
+			err = h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+				SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("continue")},
+			}, &PromptResult{})
+			// A resumable session has to be genuinely promptable, not merely "not
+			// refused as view-only": any other failure would hide a broken
+			// writable path behind a passing test.
+			if !tc.readOnly {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("session/prompt after load of a %s session = %v, want success", tc.name, err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			// The decision is the RPC code; the message only distinguishes the
+			// view-only refusal from other invalid-params errors such as an
+			// unknown session id.
+			var rpcErr *rpcError
+			if !errors.As(err, &rpcErr) || rpcErr.Code != codeInvalidParams {
+				t.Fatalf("session/prompt after load of a %s session = %v, want invalid params", tc.name, err)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(rpcErr.Message, "loaded for viewing only") {
+				t.Fatalf("session/prompt after load of a %s session was refused for another reason: %v", tc.name, err)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -2418,3 +2541,265 @@ func payloadString(payload any, key string) string {
 	value, _ := decoded[key].(string)
 	return value
 }
+
+// Load is best effort about a history it cannot read, but a session that zero
+// sessions prune holds is refused by load and resume alike, and not published:
+// this process could not hold it open while prune may be removing it.
+func TestACPLoadAndResumeAreRefusedWhilePruneHoldsTheSession(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	meta, err := deps.Store.Create(sessions.CreateInput{Title: "ACP session", Cwd: cwd})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create session: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Created by an earlier process, which has since exited.
+	deps.Store.Release(meta.SessionID)
+
+	release, locked, err := sessions.NewStore(sessions.StoreOptions{RootDir: deps.Store.RootDir}).HoldExclusive(meta.SessionID)
+	if err != nil || !locked {
+		t.Fatalf("take the lease the way prune does: locked=%v, %v", locked, err)
+	}
+	defer release()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{SessionID: meta.SessionID, Cwd: cwd, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &LoadSessionResult{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "locked by zero sessions prune") {
+		t.Errorf("session/load while prune holds the session: err = %v, want it refused", err)
+	}
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionResume, ResumeSessionParams{SessionID: meta.SessionID, Cwd: cwd, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &ResumeSessionResult{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "locked by zero sessions prune") {
+		t.Errorf("session/resume while prune holds the session: err = %v, want it refused", err)
+	}
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: meta.SessionID,
+		Prompt:    []ContentBlock{TextBlock("carry on")},
+	}, &PromptResult{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a session refused while prune held it was still promptable")
+	}
+}
+
+// Activation reads the session's metadata before it restores the history. A
+// session prune removes in between is refused as removed, which activation then
+// refuses to publish for load as well as resume, instead of restoring it as an
+// empty conversation.
+func TestACPLoadHistoryRefusesASessionRemovedAfterItWasPicked(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	meta, err := deps.Store.Create(sessions.CreateInput{Title: "ACP session", Cwd: t.TempDir()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create session: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps.Store.Release(meta.SessionID)
+	dir := filepath.Join(deps.Store.RootDir, meta.SessionID)
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(dir, sessions.MetadataFile)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	a := &Agent{deps: deps}
+	if _, _, _, err := a.loadHistory(meta.SessionID, false); !errors.Is(err, sessions.ErrPruning) {
+		t.Errorf("load history of a session prune is removing: err = %v, want it refused", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, _, _, err := a.loadHistory(meta.SessionID, false); !errors.Is(err, sessions.ErrPruning) {
+		t.Errorf("load history of a session prune removed: err = %v, want it refused", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACPPromptUnsupportedModelDropsImagesAndNotifies(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.DiscoverModels = func(ctx context.Context, p config.ProviderProfile) ([]providermodeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+		return []providermodeldiscovery.Model{
+			{ID: "fake-model", InputModalities: []string{"text"}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	var capturedOpts agent.Options
+	var capturedPrompt string
+	deps.RunAgent = func(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		capturedPrompt = prompt
+		capturedOpts = opts
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "Answered without images"}, nil
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var initRes InitializeResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodInitialize, InitializeParams{ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion}, &initRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("initialize: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var newRes NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir(), McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &newRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/new: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	rawPng := "\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nfake-image-bytes"
+	b64Png := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(rawPng))
+	var promptRes PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: newRes.SessionID,
+		Prompt: []ContentBlock{
+			TextBlock("look at this image"),
+			ImageBlock(b64Png, "image/png"),
+		},
+	}, &promptRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	if promptRes.StopReason != StopEndTurn {
+		t.Fatalf("stopReason = %q, want %q", promptRes.StopReason, StopEndTurn)
+	}
+
+	got := drainTextUntil(t, h.updates, func(text string) bool {
+		return strings.Contains(text, "does not support image input")
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "Model fake-model does not support image input; ignoring 1 prompt image(s).") {
+		t.Fatalf("streamed text = %q, want drop notice", got)
+	}
+	if len(capturedOpts.Images) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("captured %d images, want 0 (images should be withheld)", len(capturedOpts.Images))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(capturedPrompt, "[Note: Model fake-model does not support image input; ignoring 1 prompt image(s).]") {
+		t.Fatalf("captured prompt = %q, want prompt note", capturedPrompt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACPSessionPrompt_SupportsVisionMemoizedPerRun(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	var discoverCount int
+	var discoverMu sync.Mutex
+	deps.DiscoverModels = func(ctx context.Context, p config.ProviderProfile) ([]providermodeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+		discoverMu.Lock()
+		discoverCount++
+		discoverMu.Unlock()
+		return []providermodeldiscovery.Model{
+			{ID: "fake-model", InputModalities: []string{"text", "image"}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	deps.RunAgent = func(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			if !opts.SupportsVision(opts.Model) {
+				t.Error("expected SupportsVision to report true")
+			}
+		}
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "Done"}, nil
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var initRes InitializeResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodInitialize, InitializeParams{ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion}, &initRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("initialize: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var newRes NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir(), McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &newRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/new: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	discoverMu.Lock()
+	discoverCount = 0
+	discoverMu.Unlock()
+
+	rawPng := "\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nfake-image-bytes"
+	b64Png := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(rawPng))
+	var promptRes PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: newRes.SessionID,
+		Prompt: []ContentBlock{
+			TextBlock("look at this"),
+			ImageBlock(b64Png, "image/png"),
+		},
+	}, &promptRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	if promptRes.StopReason != StopEndTurn {
+		t.Fatalf("stopReason = %q, want %q", promptRes.StopReason, StopEndTurn)
+	}
+
+	discoverMu.Lock()
+	count := discoverCount
+	discoverMu.Unlock()
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("DiscoverModels was called %d times, want exactly 1 call (memoized per run)", count)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACPEndToEndImagePromptSupportedModel(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.DiscoverModels = func(ctx context.Context, p config.ProviderProfile) ([]providermodeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+		return []providermodeldiscovery.Model{
+			{ID: "discovered-vision-model", InputModalities: []string{"text", "image"}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	deps.ResolveConfig = func(_ string, o config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		model := "discovered-vision-model"
+		if o.Provider.Model != "" {
+			model = o.Provider.Model
+		}
+		return config.ResolvedConfig{
+			Provider: config.ProviderProfile{Name: "fake", Model: model},
+			MaxTurns: 4,
+		}, nil
+	}
+	var capturedOpts agent.Options
+	var capturedPrompt string
+	deps.RunAgent = func(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		capturedPrompt = prompt
+		capturedOpts = opts
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "I can see the image!"}, nil
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var initRes InitializeResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodInitialize, InitializeParams{ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion}, &initRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("initialize: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var newRes NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir(), McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &newRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/new: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	rawPng := []byte("\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nreal-png-bytes")
+	b64Png := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(rawPng)
+	var promptRes PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: newRes.SessionID,
+		Prompt: []ContentBlock{
+			TextBlock("analyze this image"),
+			ImageBlock(b64Png, "image/png"),
+		},
+	}, &promptRes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	if promptRes.StopReason != StopEndTurn {
+		t.Fatalf("stopReason = %q, want %q", promptRes.StopReason, StopEndTurn)
+	}
+
+	if len(capturedOpts.Images) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("captured %d images, want 1", len(capturedOpts.Images))
+	}
+	if capturedOpts.Images[0].MediaType != "image/png" {
+		t.Fatalf("mediaType = %q, want image/png", capturedOpts.Images[0].MediaType)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(capturedOpts.Images[0].Data, rawPng) {
+		t.Fatalf("image bytes mismatch: got %v, want %v", capturedOpts.Images[0].Data, rawPng)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(capturedPrompt, "does not support image input") {
+		t.Fatalf("prompt unexpectedly contains refusal note: %q", capturedPrompt)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package acp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/agent"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sessions"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
+)
+
+// captureAgentOptions makes every turn record the agent.Options it was built
+// with, so a test can assert the permission mode the next prompt actually runs
+// with rather than only what the wire reports.
+func captureAgentOptions(deps *Deps) *agent.Options {
+	var captured agent.Options
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		captured = opts
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "ok"}, nil
+	}
+	return &captured
+}
+
+func newHarnessT(t *testing.T, deps Deps) *clientHarness {
+	t.Helper()
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	t.Cleanup(h.stop)
+	return h
+}
+
+func mustCall(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, h *clientHarness, method string, params any, result any) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, method, params, result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: %v", method, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// restartHarness replaces the live agent with a fresh one over the same store,
+// which is the process restart the persisted mode has to survive.
+func restartHarness(t *testing.T, h *clientHarness, deps Deps) *clientHarness {
+	t.Helper()
+	h.stop()
+	return newHarnessT(t, deps)
+}
+
+func modeOptionValue(t *testing.T, options []SessionConfigOption) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, option := range options {
+		if option.ID == configIDMode {
+			return option.CurrentValue
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("no mode config option in %+v", options)
+	return ""
+}
+
+func assertModeReported(t *testing.T, result LoadSessionResult, want agent.PermissionMode) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if result.Modes == nil || result.Modes.CurrentModeID != string(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("modes = %+v, want currentModeId %q", result.Modes, want)
+	}
+	if got := modeOptionValue(t, result.ConfigOptions); got != string(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("mode config option = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACPModePersistsAcrossRestartLoadAndResume(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	captured := captureAgentOptions(&deps)
+	h := newHarnessT(t, deps)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	workspace := t.TempDir()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &created)
+
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionSetMode, SetSessionModeParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, ModeID: string(agent.PermissionModePlan)}, &SetSessionModeResult{})
+	meta, err := deps.Store.Get(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil || meta == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("store.Get: %v", err)
+	}
+	if meta.PermissionMode != string(agent.PermissionModePlan) {
+		t.Fatalf("stored mode = %q, want plan", meta.PermissionMode)
+	}
+
+	// LOAD after a restart: the response must report the stored mode, and the
+	// next prompt must actually run with it.
+	h = restartHarness(t, h, deps)
+	var loaded LoadSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &loaded)
+	assertModeReported(t, loaded, agent.PermissionModePlan)
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("continue")}}, &PromptResult{})
+	if captured.PermissionMode != agent.PermissionModePlan {
+		t.Fatalf("after load, agent.Options.PermissionMode = %q, want plan", captured.PermissionMode)
+	}
+
+	// RESUME after another restart reports the same.
+	h = restartHarness(t, h, deps)
+	var resumed ResumeSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionResume, ResumeSessionParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &resumed)
+	assertModeReported(t, resumed, agent.PermissionModePlan)
+}
+
+func TestACPModePersistsViaSetConfigOption(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	h := newHarnessT(t, deps)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	workspace := t.TempDir()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &created)
+
+	var configured SetSessionConfigOptionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionSetConfigOption, SetSessionConfigOptionParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, ConfigID: configIDMode, Value: string(agent.PermissionModeAsk),
+	}, &configured)
+	if got := modeOptionValue(t, configured.ConfigOptions); got != string(agent.PermissionModeAsk) {
+		t.Fatalf("configured mode = %q, want ask", got)
+	}
+	meta, err := deps.Store.Get(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil || meta == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("store.Get: %v", err)
+	}
+	if meta.PermissionMode != string(agent.PermissionModeAsk) {
+		t.Fatalf("stored mode = %q, want ask", meta.PermissionMode)
+	}
+
+	h = restartHarness(t, h, deps)
+	var loaded LoadSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &loaded)
+	assertModeReported(t, loaded, agent.PermissionModeAsk)
+}
+
+// TestACPModeRestoreFallback pins the restore boundary: no stored value keeps
+// the historical auto default, and a stored value outside the three offered
+// modes must never come back weaker than ask (and never unsafe).
+func TestACPModeRestoreFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		seed string // "" means metadata written before modes were persisted
+		want agent.PermissionMode
+	}{
+		{name: "unset keeps auto", want: agent.PermissionModeAuto},
+		{name: "ask preserved", seed: string(agent.PermissionModeAsk), want: agent.PermissionModeAsk},
+		{name: "unknown falls back to ask", seed: "bogus", want: agent.PermissionModeAsk},
+		{name: "unsafe never restored", seed: string(agent.PermissionModeUnsafe), want: agent.PermissionModeAsk},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			deps := testDeps(t)
+			captured := captureAgentOptions(&deps)
+			h := newHarnessT(t, deps)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			workspace := t.TempDir()
+			var created NewSessionResult
+			mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &created)
+			if tc.seed != "" {
+				if _, err := deps.Store.UpdateMode(created.SessionID, tc.seed); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("seed mode: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			h = restartHarness(t, h, deps)
+			var loaded LoadSessionResult
+			mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &loaded)
+			assertModeReported(t, loaded, tc.want)
+
+			mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("go")}}, &PromptResult{})
+			if captured.PermissionMode != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("next prompt PermissionMode = %q, want %q", captured.PermissionMode, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestACPSetModeWriteFailureKeepsLiveMode pins the store-first order: when the
+// mode cannot be saved the request fails and the live session is untouched.
+func TestACPSetModeWriteFailureKeepsLiveMode(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	captured := captureAgentOptions(&deps)
+	h := newHarnessT(t, deps)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir(), McpServers: []McpServer{}}, &created)
+
+	// Remove the metadata file so UpdateMode fails but the live session stays
+	// promptable (turn persistence only warns when the file is gone).
+	metadataPath := filepath.Join(deps.Store.RootDir, created.SessionID, sessions.MetadataFile)
+	if err := os.Remove(metadataPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("remove metadata: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionSetMode, SetSessionModeParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, ModeID: string(agent.PermissionModePlan)}, &SetSessionModeResult{})
+	var rpcErr *rpcError
+	if !errors.As(err, &rpcErr) || rpcErr.Code != codeInternalError {
+		t.Fatalf("set_mode with an unsavable mode = %v, want internal error", err)
+	}
+
+	mustCall(t, ctx, h, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("still auto")}}, &PromptResult{})
+	if captured.PermissionMode != agent.PermissionModeAuto {
+		t.Fatalf("failed set_mode changed the live mode: PermissionMode = %q, want auto", captured.PermissionMode)
+	}
+}
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func browserToolTitle(command, rawArgs string) string {
 }

 // browserTitleTextSafe validates text after URL parsing has decoded escaped
-// UTF-8 in the host. Valid UTF-8 alone is not presentation-safe: control,
+// UTF-8 in the host. Valid UTF-8 alone is not presentation-safe: whitespace, control,
 // format/bidi, and line/paragraph separator runes can reorder or split the
 // permission label shown to a user. The execution URL remains unchanged.
 func browserTitleTextSafe(text string) bool {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func browserTitleTextSafe(text string) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, r := range text {
-		if unicode.IsControl(r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Cf, r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Zl, r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Zp, r) {
+		if unicode.IsSpace(r) || unicode.IsControl(r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Cf, r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Zl, r) || unicode.Is(unicode.Zp, r) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
@@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ func TestBrowserPermissionTitlesMirrorSafeToolArguments(t *testing.T) {

 func TestBrowserOpenTitlesRejectDecodedUnicodePresentationControls(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, rawURL := range []string{
+		"https://safe.example%C2%A0evil.test/path",
+		"https://safe.example%E2%80%83evil.test/path",
+		"https://safe.example%E3%80%80evil.test/path",
 		"https://safe.example%E2%80%AEevil.test/path",
 		"https://safe.example%E2%81%A6evil.test/path",
 		"https://safe.example%C2%85evil.test/path",
@@ -243,6 +246,9 @@ func TestBrowserOpenTitlesRejectDecodedUnicodePresentationControls(t *testing.T)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
+			if title := browserToolTitle("open", string(args)); title != "browser open" {
+				t.Errorf("unsafe origin accepted before permission translation: %q", title)
+			}
 			updates := []ToolCallUpdate{
 				toolCallStart(agent.ToolCall{ID: "start", Name: "browser_open", Arguments: string(args)}),
 				permissionToolCall(agent.PermissionRequest{ToolCallID: "permission", ToolName: "browser_open", Args: map[string]any{"url": rawURL}}),
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+package acp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/agent"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sessions"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
+)
+
+// `zero exec` persists every provider usage report as a session usage event, so
+// `zero usage report --session <id>` can total a run. The ACP agent did not set
+// OnUsage, which dropped the token counts of every ACP session. A turn with two
+// provider requests (a tool round trip) must leave two usage events, in the shape
+// the usage report reads, next to the turn's messages.
+func TestACPPromptPersistsProviderUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		if opts.OnUsage == nil {
+			t.Errorf("agent.Options.OnUsage is not wired: the ACP agent drops provider token usage")
+			return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "done"}, nil
+		}
+		opts.OnUsage(agent.Usage{InputTokens: 1200, OutputTokens: 34})
+		opts.OnUsage(agent.Usage{InputTokens: 1300, OutputTokens: 21, CachedInputTokens: 900})
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "done"}, nil
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir()}, &created); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var result PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("count my tokens")},
+	}, &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	events, err := deps.Store.ReadEvents(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	type usagePayload struct {
+		PromptTokens      int `json:"promptTokens"`
+		CompletionTokens  int `json:"completionTokens"`
+		TotalTokens       int `json:"totalTokens"`
+		CachedInputTokens int `json:"cachedInputTokens"`
+	}
+	var got []usagePayload
+	messages := 0
+	for _, event := range events {
+		switch event.Type {
+		case sessions.EventUsage:
+			var payload usagePayload
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(event.Payload, &payload); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("usage payload %s: %v", event.Payload, err)
+			}
+			assertUsagePayloadIsTokenCountsOnly(t, event.Payload)
+			got = append(got, payload)
+		case sessions.EventMessage:
+			messages++
+		}
+	}
+	want := []usagePayload{
+		{PromptTokens: 1200, CompletionTokens: 34, TotalTokens: 1234},
+		{PromptTokens: 1300, CompletionTokens: 21, TotalTokens: 1321, CachedInputTokens: 900},
+	}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("usage events = %+v, want %+v", got, want)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("usage event %d = %+v, want %+v", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if messages != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("message events = %d, want the user and assistant messages of the turn", messages)
+	}
+}
+
+// Usage joins the turn's buffered batch, so a hard run failure that aborts the
+// turn leaves nothing durable, exactly as it does for the turn's messages.
+func TestACPHardTurnFailureDropsItsUsageWithTheTurn(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		if opts.OnUsage == nil {
+			t.Errorf("agent.Options.OnUsage is not wired: the ACP agent drops provider token usage")
+			return agent.Result{}, errors.New("injected hard run failure")
+		}
+		opts.OnUsage(agent.Usage{InputTokens: 500, OutputTokens: 5})
+		return agent.Result{}, errors.New("injected hard run failure")
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir()}, &created); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("failing turn")},
+	}, &PromptResult{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("hard RunAgent failure was reported as a successful turn")
+	}
+	events, err := deps.Store.ReadEvents(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(events) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("aborted turn left durable events: %+v", events)
+	}
+}
+
+// StopCancelled is a successful ACP outcome: the turn commits. Tokens the
+// provider already reported were spent, so they stay in the session log even
+// though the client cancelled. A hard error (the test above) is the path that
+// drops them.
+func TestACPCancelledTurnKeepsReportedUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		if opts.OnUsage == nil {
+			t.Errorf("agent.Options.OnUsage is not wired: the ACP agent drops provider token usage")
+			return agent.Result{}, context.Canceled
+		}
+		opts.OnUsage(agent.Usage{InputTokens: 80, OutputTokens: 3})
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "partial"}, context.Canceled
+	}
+
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer h.stop()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: t.TempDir()}, &created); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var result PromptResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("cancelled turn")},
+	}, &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cancelled turn returned an RPC error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.StopReason != StopCancelled {
+		t.Fatalf("stop reason = %q, want %q", result.StopReason, StopCancelled)
+	}
+	events, err := deps.Store.ReadEvents(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	usageEvents := 0
+	for _, event := range events {
+		if event.Type != sessions.EventUsage {
+			continue
+		}
+		usageEvents++
+		assertUsagePayloadIsTokenCountsOnly(t, event.Payload)
+		var payload struct {
+			PromptTokens     int `json:"promptTokens"`
+			CompletionTokens int `json:"completionTokens"`
+			TotalTokens      int `json:"totalTokens"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(event.Payload, &payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if payload.PromptTokens != 80 || payload.CompletionTokens != 3 || payload.TotalTokens != 83 {
+			t.Fatalf("cancelled-turn usage = %+v, want 80/3/83", payload)
+		}
+	}
+	if usageEvents != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("usage events = %d, want the one report from the cancelled turn", usageEvents)
+	}
+}
+
+// Usage events sit in the same log session/load and session/resume read, but
+// history reconstruction skips them. The wire replay stays the conversation,
+// and the next turn's prompt stays the conversation: token counts never become
+// context and never cross the ACP wire.
+func TestACPLoadAndResumeIgnoreUsageEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	const userLine = "unique-acp-user-line"
+	const answer = "unique-acp-answer"
+	deps := testDeps(t)
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, opts agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		if opts.OnUsage == nil {
+			t.Errorf("agent.Options.OnUsage is not wired: the ACP agent drops provider token usage")
+			return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: answer}, nil
+		}
+		opts.OnUsage(agent.Usage{InputTokens: 1200, OutputTokens: 34})
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: answer}, nil
+	}
+
+	workspace := t.TempDir()
+	h := newHarness(t, deps)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var created NewSessionResult
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionNew, NewSessionParams{Cwd: workspace}, &created); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := h.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock(userLine)},
+	}, &PromptResult{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	h.stop()
+
+	events, err := deps.Store.ReadEvents(created.SessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	sawUsage := false
+	for _, event := range events {
+		if event.Type == sessions.EventUsage {
+			sawUsage = true
+			assertUsagePayloadIsTokenCountsOnly(t, event.Payload)
+		}
+	}
+	if !sawUsage {
+		t.Fatal("session log has no usage event to ignore")
+	}
+
+	loader := newHarness(t, deps)
+	if err := loader.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionLoad, LoadSessionParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{},
+	}, &LoadSessionResult{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/load: %v", err)
+	}
+	var replayed []string
+	for {
+		select {
+		case update := <-loader.notifications:
+			replayed = append(replayed, update.Content.Text)
+		case <-time.After(150 * time.Millisecond):
+			goto drained
+		}
+	}
+drained:
+	loader.stop()
+	if len(replayed) != 2 || replayed[0] != userLine || replayed[1] != answer {
+		t.Fatalf("session/load replay = %#v, want the user line and the answer only", replayed)
+	}
+	for _, text := range replayed {
+		if strings.Contains(text, "promptTokens") || strings.Contains(text, "1200") {
+			t.Fatalf("session/load replayed usage onto the wire: %q", text)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var gotPrompt string
+	deps.RunAgent = func(_ context.Context, prompt string, _ zeroruntime.Provider, _ agent.Options) (agent.Result, error) {
+		gotPrompt = prompt
+		return agent.Result{FinalAnswer: "continued"}, nil
+	}
+	resumer := newHarness(t, deps)
+	defer resumer.stop()
+	if err := resumer.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionResume, ResumeSessionParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Cwd: workspace, McpServers: []McpServer{},
+	}, &ResumeSessionResult{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("session/resume: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := resumer.client.Call(ctx, MethodSessionPrompt, PromptParams{
+		SessionID: created.SessionID, Prompt: []ContentBlock{TextBlock("carry on")},
+	}, &PromptResult{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resumed session/prompt: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(gotPrompt, userLine) || !strings.Contains(gotPrompt, answer) {
+		t.Fatalf("resumed prompt = %q, want the prior conversation", gotPrompt)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(gotPrompt, "promptTokens") || strings.Contains(gotPrompt, "1200") {
+		t.Fatalf("resumed prompt contains persisted usage: %q", gotPrompt)
+	}
+}
+
+// usagePayloadAllowedKeys is the non-escalating EventUsagePayload shape. ACP
+// has no model escalation, and the writer must not grow a prompt, tool
+// argument, or other raw field.
+var usagePayloadAllowedKeys = map[string]bool{
+	"promptTokens":      true,
+	"completionTokens":  true,
+	"totalTokens":       true,
+	"cachedInputTokens": true,
+	"cacheWriteTokens":  true,
+	"reasoningTokens":   true,
+}
+
+func assertUsagePayloadIsTokenCountsOnly(t *testing.T, payload json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var raw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &raw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("usage payload %s: %v", payload, err)
+	}
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("usage payload is empty: %s", payload)
+	}
+	for key := range raw {
+		if !usagePayloadAllowedKeys[key] {
+			t.Fatalf("usage payload key %q is not a token count: %s", key, payload)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/execution"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/hooks"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/modelregistry"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/redaction"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sandbox"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/streamjson"
@@ -25,14 +26,18 @@ const maxTurnsAnswer = "Agent reached maximum number of turns without a final an
 const maxTurnsFinalAnswerPrompt = "You have reached the tool-turn limit. Do not call tools. Give a concise final answer now: summarize what you completed, what you found, and any remaining blockers."

 // maxStreamStallRetries bounds how many times a turn that timed out (idle/stall)
-// WITH NO OUTPUT yet is re-issued on a fresh connection before giving up. Only
-// the no-output case is retried (a partial turn would duplicate), so this is a
-// safe recovery for a stalled/dead pooled connection.
+// OR hit a mid-stream transport abort (#973) with no answer text yet is re-issued
+// on a fresh connection before giving up. Incomplete tool-call previews are
+// allowed through the gate (they are never dispatched before the error return).
+// The safety claim is only that visible answer prose is not duplicated on retry —
+// not that every partial stream shape is excluded. Covers a stalled/dead pooled
+// connection or a socket abort before tool dispatch.
 //
 // Set to 1 (not 2): each attempt can itself idle for the full stream timeout
 // (~5min) before the stall is even detected, so 2 retries left an interactive
 // session frozen for ~15min. One retry keeps the common single-hiccup recovery
-// while bounding the worst case to ~2× the idle timeout.
+// while bounding the worst case to ~2× the idle timeout. Mid-stream transport
+// aborts share this bound (do not raise it for #973).
 const maxStreamStallRetries = 1

 const (
@@ -374,7 +379,11 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 					rec.StampFirstToken()
 				}
 				if onText != nil {
-					forwardedVisibleText = true
+					// Zero-length chunks are not committed answer prose; counting
+					// them would block an eligible mid-stream abort retry.
+					if s != "" {
+						forwardedVisibleText = true
+					}
 					onText(s)
 				}
 			}
@@ -450,9 +459,14 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 			result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
 			return result, ctx.Err()
 		}
-		// A stream idle/stall timeout is safely re-issued when the turn committed NO
-		// answer text — no forwarded visible prose (forwardedVisibleText) and no
-		// collected final text (collected.Text). This covers two cases:
+		// A stream idle/stall timeout OR mid-stream transport abort (#973 — wsarecv /
+		// connection reset / unexpected EOF / connection closed / broken pipe) is
+		// safely re-issued when the turn committed NO answer text — no forwarded
+		// visible prose (forwardedVisibleText) and no collected final text
+		// (collected.Text). The abort gate matches midStreamAbortNeedles only, not
+		// the full shouldReconnect list: connect-phase timeouts and connection
+		// refused are NOT retried here (a slow healthy server must not cost a
+		// second prefill). This covers three cases:
 		//   1. Nothing streamed at all before the connection died (the original
 		//      macOS stale-pooled-connection hang past the response-header timeout).
 		//   2. The model streamed transient reasoning and began a tool call (e.g. a
@@ -463,13 +477,27 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 		//      re-render is transient previews, not duplicated answer text. This is
 		//      why the gate no longer excludes collected.ToolCalls: an incomplete
 		//      tool call from a timed-out stream is discard-and-retry, not output.
+		//   3. Mid-stream socket abort after connect succeeded (Windows WSAECONNABORTED /
+		//      wsarecv, connection reset by peer). Same no-tool-executed safety: the
+		//      error returns before tool dispatch, so a bounded retry is safe.
 		// A turn that forwarded real prose is NOT retried (it would duplicate visible
 		// answer text) and falls through to the error return below. Capped +
 		// exponential backoff, with a user-visible notice per attempt.
 		for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxStreamStallRetries &&
-			isStreamTimeoutError(collected.Error) && !forwardedVisibleText &&
+			(isStreamTimeoutError(collected.Error) || isMidStreamTransportAbort(collected.Error)) &&
+			!forwardedVisibleText &&
 			collected.Text == ""; attempt++ {
-			if notify := stallRetryNoticeFor(options); notify != nil {
+			var notify reconnectNotifier
+			if isStreamTimeoutError(collected.Error) {
+				notify = stallRetryNoticeFor(options)
+			} else {
+				notify = reconnectNoticeFor(options)
+				// Count this post-connect reissue even when the replacement
+				// connect succeeds immediately. streamWithReconnect only
+				// increments reconnect_count after a failed connect attempt.
+				options.Trace.Counter(trace.CounterReconnectCount, 1)
+			}
+			if notify != nil {
 				notify(attempt, maxStreamStallRetries)
 			}
 			if err := sleepWithContext(ctx, backoffFor(attempt)); err != nil {
@@ -482,12 +510,22 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 			retryStream, retryErr := streamWithReconnect(ctx, provider, retryRequest, reconnectNoticeFor(options))
 			if retryErr != nil {
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result, ctx.Err()
+				}
 				return result, retryErr
 			}
 			stallGenSpan := options.Trace.Span(trace.SpanGeneration)
 			collected = zeroruntime.CollectStreamWithOptions(ctx, retryStream, forwardingOpts)
 			stallGenSpan.End()
 		}
+		// Recheck ctx after a retried CollectStream: helpers.go stores
+		// ctx.Err().Error() in collected.Error, and errors.New of that string
+		// drops the context.Canceled sentinel ACP branches on.
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
+			return result, ctx.Err()
+		}
 		if collected.Error != "" {
 			// Route a reissued stream's non-stall error through the SAME recovery as
 			// the initial stream (image-rejection wrapping / context-limit compaction)
@@ -498,6 +536,10 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
 				return result, stop
 			}
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
+				return result, ctx.Err()
+			}
 			if collected.Error != "" {
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
 				return result, errors.New(collected.Error)
@@ -646,9 +688,25 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 		// recorded. They travel as user messages, and a user message between two
 		// tool_results breaks strict provider replay — Anthropic coalesces them
 		// into one user block list and requires the tool_result blocks first, so
-		// interleaving yields [tool_result, text, image, tool_result] and a 400.
-		// Same reason the self-correction feedback below is deferred.
-		var toolImageMessages []zeroruntime.Message
+		// Images ride a following USER message rather than the tool result
+		// above. Every provider drops images on a tool-role message —
+		// Anthropic's tool_result content is a string, Gemini's is a
+		// functionResponse, and OpenAI guards its image parts to the user role
+		// — so attaching them there would silently deliver nothing. A separate
+		// message also keeps the one-tool-result-per-tool-call pairing intact,
+		// which the providers validate. Vision-gate evaluation is deferred until
+		// after any model switch this turn resolves, so images can reach an
+		// escalated vision-capable model.
+		var toolResultsWithImages []ToolResult
+		buildToolImageMessages := func() []zeroruntime.Message {
+			var out []zeroruntime.Message
+			for _, tr := range toolResultsWithImages {
+				if imageMessage, ok := toolResultImageMessage(tr, options); ok {
+					out = append(out, imageMessage)
+				}
+			}
+			return out
+		}
 		// Parallel read-ahead state: results for calls[precomputedStart:precomputedEnd]
 		// executed concurrently, consumed strictly in order below.
 		var precomputed []precomputedToolResult
@@ -705,15 +763,8 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 				IsError:            toolResult.Status == tools.StatusError,
 				ChangedFiles:       append([]string(nil), toolResult.ChangedFiles...),
 			})
-			// Images ride a following USER message rather than the tool result
-			// above. Every provider drops images on a tool-role message —
-			// Anthropic's tool_result content is a string, Gemini's is a
-			// functionResponse, and OpenAI guards its image parts to the user role
-			// — so attaching them there would silently deliver nothing. A separate
-			// message also keeps the one-tool-result-per-tool-call pairing intact,
-			// which the providers validate.
-			if imageMessage, ok := toolResultImageMessage(toolResult); ok {
-				toolImageMessages = append(toolImageMessages, imageMessage)
+			if len(toolResult.Images) > 0 {
+				toolResultsWithImages = append(toolResultsWithImages, toolResult)
 			}

 			// A tool may demand the run ABORT — a canceled/timed-out ask_user prompt
@@ -725,13 +776,13 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 			}
 			if abortErr != nil {
 				messages = appendAbortedToolResults(messages, collected.ToolCalls[index+1:])
-				messages = append(messages, toolImageMessages...)
+				messages = append(messages, buildToolImageMessages()...)
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
 				return result, abortErr
 			}
 			if stopReason := stopReasonFromToolResult(toolResult); stopReason != "" {
 				messages = appendAbortedToolResults(messages, collected.ToolCalls[index+1:])
-				messages = append(messages, toolImageMessages...)
+				messages = append(messages, buildToolImageMessages()...)
 				result.FinalAnswer = toolResult.ModelOutput()
 				result.StopReason = stopReason
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
@@ -755,7 +806,7 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 				// messages stay valid for a strict provider replay (Anthropic
 				// rejects a tool_use with no answering tool_result).
 				messages = appendAbortedToolResults(messages, collected.ToolCalls[index+1:])
-				messages = append(messages, toolImageMessages...)
+				messages = append(messages, buildToolImageMessages()...)
 				result.FinalAnswer = toolFailureStopAnswer(call.Name, outcome.Count)
 				result.Messages = copyMessages(messages)
 				return result, nil
@@ -774,10 +825,6 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 				postEditDiagnostics.enqueue(ctx, toolResult.ChangedFiles)
 			}
 		}
-		// Every tool_result for this turn is now recorded, including aborted
-		// placeholders, so the images can follow without splitting them.
-		messages = append(messages, toolImageMessages...)
-		toolImageMessages = nil

 		// Run post-edit self-correction once over the union of files this turn
 		// changed, then append any feedback after every tool_result is recorded so
@@ -865,6 +912,12 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, prompt string, provider Provider, options Options)
 			}
 		}

+		// Every tool_result, self-correct notice, and model-switch update for this
+		// turn is now in place; evaluate and append image messages against the
+		// effective (potentially escalated) model.
+		messages = append(messages, buildToolImageMessages()...)
+		toolResultsWithImages = nil
+
 		// A turn can mix valid tool calls with a dropped (nameless) one. The valid
 		// calls executed above; surface the dropped call too so it is never
 		// silently ignored just because the turn also did real work. This is
@@ -3464,8 +3517,10 @@ func copyMessages(messages []Message) []Message {
 //
 // The text names the tool so the model can tell which call an image came from
 // when several ran in one turn — the images arrive detached from their tool
-// result, so nothing else associates them.
-func toolResultImageMessage(result ToolResult) (zeroruntime.Message, bool) {
+// result, so nothing else associates them. If the effective model cannot
+// accept images, the tool's text result is left unchanged and this follow-up
+// is a notice with no image parts, matching the CLI/TUI vision gate.
+func toolResultImageMessage(result ToolResult, options Options) (zeroruntime.Message, bool) {
 	images := make([]zeroruntime.ImageBlock, 0, len(result.Images))
 	for _, image := range result.Images {
 		if len(image.Data) == 0 {
@@ -3486,9 +3541,26 @@ func toolResultImageMessage(result ToolResult) (zeroruntime.Message, bool) {
 	if label == "" {
 		label = "tool"
 	}
+	if !modelAcceptsToolImages(options) {
+		return zeroruntime.Message{
+			Role:    zeroruntime.MessageRoleUser,
+			Content: "Image output from " + label + " was not sent because the current model does not support image input. Switch to a vision-capable model before retrying image delivery, including any images skipped by the tool's image budget.",
+		}, true
+	}
 	return zeroruntime.Message{
 		Role:    zeroruntime.MessageRoleUser,
 		Content: "Image output from " + label + ":",
 		Images:  images,
 	}, true
 }
+
+func modelAcceptsToolImages(options Options) bool {
+	if options.SupportsVision != nil {
+		return options.SupportsVision(options.Model)
+	}
+	registry, err := modelregistry.DefaultRegistry()
+	if err != nil {
+		return modelregistry.VisionCapableByName(options.Model)
+	}
+	return modelregistry.SupportsVision(registry, options.Model)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tools"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/trace"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
+)
+
+// midStreamAbortProvider connects successfully but emits a transport-abort
+// StreamEventError on the first abortBefore calls, then succeeds with "done".
+// hangOnCall, if > 0, makes that 1-based call block until ctx is done so a
+// cancel during the retried CollectStream can be reproduced.
+// connectFailFrom, if > 0, makes that 1-based call and later return a
+// reconnectable connect error so streamWithReconnect enters its backoff.
+type midStreamAbortProvider struct {
+	calls           int32
+	abortBefore     int32
+	abortError      string
+	partialText     string
+	emptyTextEvent  bool
+	partialToolCall string
+	hangOnCall      int32
+	connectFailFrom int32
+	connectErr      string
+	started         chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (p *midStreamAbortProvider) StreamCompletion(ctx context.Context, _ zeroruntime.CompletionRequest) (<-chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent, error) {
+	n := atomic.AddInt32(&p.calls, 1)
+	if p.connectFailFrom > 0 && n >= p.connectFailFrom {
+		if p.started != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-p.started:
+			default:
+				close(p.started)
+			}
+		}
+		errMsg := p.connectErr
+		if errMsg == "" {
+			errMsg = "connection reset by peer"
+		}
+		return nil, errors.New(errMsg)
+	}
+	if p.hangOnCall > 0 && n == p.hangOnCall {
+		if p.started != nil {
+			close(p.started)
+		}
+		ch := make(chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent)
+		go func() {
+			<-ctx.Done()
+			close(ch)
+		}()
+		return ch, nil
+	}
+	ch := make(chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent, 5)
+	if n <= p.abortBefore {
+		if p.emptyTextEvent {
+			ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: ""}
+		}
+		if p.partialText != "" {
+			ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: p.partialText}
+		}
+		if p.partialToolCall != "" {
+			ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallStart, ToolCallID: "tc_1", ToolName: p.partialToolCall}
+			ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallDelta, ToolCallID: "tc_1", ArgumentsFragment: `{"path":"x.html","content":"<!doctype`}
+		}
+		errMsg := p.abortError
+		if errMsg == "" {
+			errMsg = "provider stream error: read: connection reset by peer"
+		}
+		ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{
+			Type:  zeroruntime.StreamEventError,
+			Error: errMsg,
+		}
+		close(ch)
+		return ch, nil
+	}
+	ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "done"}
+	ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone}
+	close(ch)
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamConnectionReset(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a mid-stream connection reset should retry to success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamWindowsAbort(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider stream error: read: wsarecv: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine",
+	}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a Windows mid-stream abort should retry to success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// wsarecv alone (no "connection was aborted" substring) must still retry, so
+// deleting the wsarecv needle cannot go green.
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamWsarecvNeedle(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider stream error: read: wsarecv: 10053",
+	}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wsarecv without 'connection was aborted' should retry to success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDoesNotRetryMidStreamAbortAfterPartialOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	sawText := 0
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1, partialText: "partial"}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{
+		Registry: tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnText:   func(string) { sawText++ },
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a mid-stream abort after partial output must NOT be retried; want an error")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("partial-then-abort must not retry, got %d calls", got)
+	}
+	if sawText == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("OnText must have fired so forwardedVisibleText is the named guard")
+	}
+}
+
+// A zero-length OnText chunk is not committed answer prose, so an eligible
+// transport abort still retries.
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamAbortAfterEmptyTextEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1, emptyTextEvent: true}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{
+		Registry: tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnText:   func(string) {},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty OnText must not block mid-stream abort retry, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamAbortAfterIncompleteToolCall(t *testing.T) {
+	starts := 0
+	dispatched := 0
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1, partialToolCall: "write_file"}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{
+		Registry:        tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnToolCallStart: func(string, string) { starts++ },
+		OnToolCallDelta: func(string, string) {},
+		OnToolCall:      func(ToolCall) { dispatched++ },
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a mid-stream abort mid-incomplete-tool-call should retry to success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+	if starts != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the incomplete tool call should have been forwarded once before the abort, got %d starts", starts)
+	}
+	if dispatched != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("OnToolCall must never fire for an incomplete aborted tool call (no dispatch), got %d", dispatched)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunGivesUpAfterMaxMidStreamAbortRetries(t *testing.T) {
+	if maxStreamStallRetries != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("maxStreamStallRetries = %d, want 1 (#973 must not raise this bound)", maxStreamStallRetries)
+	}
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = time.Millisecond
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 99}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a persistent mid-stream abort must surface an error after exhausting retries")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry); pin the bound at 1, got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunMidStreamAbortUsesReconnectNotice(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = time.Millisecond
+	var notices string
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{
+		Registry:    tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnReasoning: func(s string) { notices += s },
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("retry should succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	lower := strings.ToLower(notices)
+	if !strings.Contains(lower, "connection lost") || !strings.Contains(lower, "reconnecting") {
+		t.Fatalf("transport abort must use reconnect wording, notices = %q", notices)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(lower, "model stalled") {
+		t.Fatalf("transport abort must not use stall wording, notices = %q", notices)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunCancelDuringMidStreamRetryPreservesContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = time.Millisecond
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1, hangOnCall: 2, started: started}
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := Run(ctx, "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for retried stream")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	err := <-errCh
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("want context.Canceled after cancel during retried stream")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("cancel during retried stream must keep the sentinel, got %q (errors.Is Canceled = false)", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunCancelDuringReplacementConnectBackoffPreservesContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = 200 * time.Millisecond
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1, connectFailFrom: 2, started: started}
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := Run(ctx, "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for replacement connect failure")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	err := <-errCh
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("want context.Canceled after cancel during replacement connect backoff")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("cancel during replacement connect backoff must keep the sentinel, got %q (errors.Is Canceled = false)", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunMidStreamAbortRecordsReconnectCountOnImmediateReplacement(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = time.Millisecond
+	rec := trace.NewRecorder("midstream-abort", "run-1", "test")
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{abortBefore: 1}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{
+		Registry: tools.NewRegistry(),
+		Trace:    rec,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("retry should succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 immediate replacement), got %d", got)
+	}
+	gotTrace := rec.Finish()
+	if got := gotTrace.Counter(trace.CounterReconnectCount); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reconnect_count = %d, want 1 for a successful replacement connection", got)
+	}
+	if got := gotTrace.Counter(trace.CounterModelRequests); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("model_requests = %d, want 2 (initial + replacement)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDoesNotRetryResponseHeaderTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 99,
+		abortError:  "net/http: timeout awaiting response headers",
+	}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, Options{Registry: tools.NewRegistry()})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a response-header timeout must not be retried as a mid-stream abort")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("header timeout must not retry, got %d calls", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsMidStreamTransportAbort(t *testing.T) {
+	aborts := []string{
+		"provider stream error: read: connection reset by peer",
+		"provider stream error: unexpected EOF",
+		"provider stream error: read: wsarecv: 10053",
+		"provider stream error: read: wsarecv: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine",
+		"An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host",
+		"provider stream error: read: connection closed",
+		"write: broken pipe",
+		"provider stream error: server closed the connection",
+		"provider stream error: software caused connection abort",
+	}
+	for _, m := range aborts {
+		if !isMidStreamTransportAbort(m) {
+			t.Fatalf("want mid-stream transport abort: %q", m)
+		}
+	}
+	notAborts := []string{
+		"",
+		"context length exceeded",
+		"rate limit error: slow down",
+		"model not found",
+		"net/http: timeout awaiting response headers",
+		"dial tcp 10.0.0.1:443: connect: connection refused",
+		"i/o timeout",
+		"500 Internal Server Error",
+		"502 Bad Gateway",
+		"503 Service Unavailable",
+		"504 Gateway Timeout",
+		"provider request error: request does not satisfy oneOf schema",
+		"provider request error: connection closed is not a supported finish reason",
+		"provider error: connection closed is not a supported finish reason",
+		"provider error: upstream connection reset by peer",
+		"provider error: unexpected EOF while reading upstream response",
+		"provider error: 502 Bad Gateway",
+		"auth error: connection reset by peer",
+		"rate limit error: server closed",
+		"schema error: property oneOf is invalid",
+	}
+	for _, m := range notAborts {
+		if isMidStreamTransportAbort(m) {
+			t.Fatalf("must NOT classify as mid-stream transport abort: %q", m)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDoesNotRetryClassifiedProviderErrorWithSocketPhrase(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider request error: connection closed is not a supported finish reason",
+	}
+	var notices string
+	opts := Options{
+		Registry:    tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnReasoning: func(s string) { notices += s },
+	}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, opts)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected application error, got nil")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("classified provider error with 'connection closed' must not retry (got %d calls, want 1)", got)
+	}
+	if notices != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no reconnect notices, got %q", notices)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "connection closed") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original error preserved, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDoesNotRetryProviderErrorWithSocketPhrase(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider error: unexpected EOF while reading upstream response",
+	}
+	var notices string
+	opts := Options{
+		Registry:    tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnReasoning: func(s string) { notices += s },
+	}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, opts)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected application error, got nil")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("provider error with 'unexpected EOF' must not retry (got %d calls, want 1)", got)
+	}
+	if notices != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no reconnect notices, got %q", notices)
+	}
+	if got := err.Error(); got != p.abortError {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %q, want original provider error %q", got, p.abortError)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDoesNotRetryApplicationErrorContainingEOFSubstring(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider request error: request does not satisfy oneOf schema",
+	}
+	var notices string
+	opts := Options{
+		Registry:    tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnReasoning: func(s string) { notices += s },
+	}
+	_, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, opts)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected application error, got nil")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("application error with 'oneOf' must not retry (got %d calls, want 1)", got)
+	}
+	if notices != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no reconnect notices, got %q", notices)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "oneOf") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original error preserved, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunRetriesMidStreamUnexpectedEOF(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func(orig time.Duration) { streamReconnectBase = orig }(streamReconnectBase)
+	streamReconnectBase = time.Millisecond
+	p := &midStreamAbortProvider{
+		abortBefore: 1,
+		abortError:  "provider stream error: unexpected EOF",
+	}
+	var notices string
+	opts := Options{
+		Registry:    tools.NewRegistry(),
+		OnReasoning: func(s string) { notices += s },
+	}
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "go", p, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected EOF should retry to success, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.FinalAnswer != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("final answer = %q, want %q", result.FinalAnswer, "done")
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&p.calls); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("want 2 calls (1 abort + 1 retry), got %d", got)
+	}
+	lower := strings.ToLower(notices)
+	if !strings.Contains(lower, "connection lost") || !strings.Contains(lower, "reconnecting") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected reconnect notice, got %q", notices)
+	}
+}
@@ -144,6 +144,15 @@ func shouldReconnect(ctx context.Context, err error) bool {
 		"i/o timeout",
 		"server closed",
 		"unexpected end",
+		// Windows mid-stream aborts (WSAECONNABORTED / wsarecv) — host or AV
+		// forcibly closes an established socket during CollectStream.
+		// "software caused connection abort" is the Unix/macOS ECONNABORTED
+		// text; it also appears in midStreamAbortNeedles, which must stay a
+		// subset of this list.
+		"wsarecv",
+		"connection was aborted",
+		"software caused connection abort",
+		"forcibly closed",
 	} {
 		if strings.Contains(msg, needle) {
 			return true
@@ -152,6 +161,86 @@ func shouldReconnect(ctx context.Context, err error) bool {
 	return false
 }

+// midStreamAbortNeedles are the transport-abort classes retried AFTER connect
+// succeeded and the stream body has started. This is a subset of shouldReconnect:
+// connect-phase signals (timeout, connection refused, "temporarily unavailable")
+// stay on the connect retry path, because matching them here would re-prefill a
+// healthy-but-slow server (ollama cloud header timeouts) and tell the user the
+// connection was lost. Issue #973 names WSAECONNABORTED / connection reset /
+// unexpected stream EOF.
+var midStreamAbortNeedles = []string{
+	"unexpected end",
+	"connection reset",
+	"broken pipe",
+	"connection closed",
+	"server closed",
+	"wsarecv",
+	"connection was aborted",
+	"software caused connection abort",
+	"forcibly closed",
+}
+
+var classifiedNonTransportPrefixes = []string{
+	"provider request error:",
+	"provider error:",
+	"auth error:",
+	"rate limit error:",
+}
+
+// isMidStreamTransportAbort reports whether a collected stream error string is a
+// retryable mid-stream transport abort. It does NOT delegate to shouldReconnect:
+// that list is a connect-phase argument ("no response was received"). The stream
+// body has already started here, so only abort/reset/EOF/close classes retry.
+//
+// Used for failures DURING the stream body AFTER a successful connect and BEFORE
+// tool dispatch — the incomplete turn committed no answer text and executed no
+// tools, so a bounded re-issue is safe (same safety rules as the stall path).
+func isMidStreamTransportAbort(message string) bool {
+	lowered := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(message))
+	if lowered == "" || isContextLimitError(lowered) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range classifiedNonTransportPrefixes {
+		if strings.Contains(lowered, prefix) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if errhint.HasStatusCode(lowered, "500", "502", "503", "504") {
+		return false
+	}
+	if containsWordBoundary(lowered, "eof") {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, needle := range midStreamAbortNeedles {
+		if strings.Contains(lowered, needle) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func containsWordBoundary(text, word string) bool {
+	start := 0
+	for {
+		idx := strings.Index(text[start:], word)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		pos := start + idx
+		endPos := pos + len(word)
+		leftBoundary := pos == 0 || !isAlphaNumByte(text[pos-1])
+		rightBoundary := endPos == len(text) || !isAlphaNumByte(text[endPos])
+		if leftBoundary && rightBoundary {
+			return true
+		}
+		start = pos + 1
+	}
+}
+
+func isAlphaNumByte(c byte) bool {
+	return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '_'
+}
+
 // backoffFor is the deterministic exponential base delay for a 1-based attempt,
 // capped at streamReconnectMax. Jitter is layered on separately (jitteredBackoff).
 func backoffFor(attempt int) time.Duration {
@@ -92,6 +92,12 @@ func TestShouldReconnectClassification(t *testing.T) {
 	disconnects := []string{
 		"unexpected EOF", "connection reset by peer", "broken pipe",
 		"i/o timeout", "server closed the connection", "connection refused",
+		// Windows socket aborts also remain reconnectable at connect time.
+		"wsarecv: An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine",
+		"read: connection was aborted",
+		// Unix/macOS ECONNABORTED text.
+		"read: software caused connection abort",
+		"An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host",
 	}
 	for _, m := range disconnects {
 		if !shouldReconnect(ctx, errors.New(m)) {
@@ -10,6 +10,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
 )

+func TestNonVisionImageNoticeQualifiesBudgetRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	result := ToolResult{
+		Name:   "mcp_screenshot",
+		Output: "One image exceeded this result's remaining image budget. Retrying with fewer images can recover this payload.",
+		Images: []zeroruntime.ImageBlock{{MediaType: "image/png", Data: []byte("image")}},
+	}
+	notice, ok := toolResultImageMessage(result, Options{
+		SupportsVision: func(string) bool { return false },
+	})
+	if !ok || len(notice.Images) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("non-vision delivery must produce a text-only notice")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(notice.Content, "Switch to a vision-capable model before retrying") ||
+		!strings.Contains(notice.Content, "budget") {
+		t.Fatalf("notice does not qualify budget recovery: %s", notice.Content)
+	}
+}
+
 // imageTool returns a tool result carrying an image, the way a screenshot tool
 // should be able to.
 type imageTool struct {
@@ -62,6 +80,7 @@ func TestRunDeliversToolResultImagesToTheModel(t *testing.T) {
 	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "screenshot please", provider, Options{
 		Registry: registry,
 		MaxTurns: 2,
+		Model:    "gpt-4o",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
@@ -86,11 +105,16 @@ func TestRunDeliversToolResultImagesToTheModel(t *testing.T) {

 	// The tool-result pairing must be untouched: one tool result per tool call.
 	toolResults := 0
+	var toolText string
 	for _, message := range result.Messages {
 		if message.Role == zeroruntime.MessageRoleTool {
 			toolResults++
+			toolText = message.Content
 		}
 	}
+	if toolText != "Captured a screenshot." {
+		t.Fatalf("tool text = %q, want preserved", toolText)
+	}
 	if toolResults != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("got %d tool-result messages for 1 tool call", toolResults)
 	}
@@ -136,7 +160,7 @@ func TestRunKeepsToolResultsContiguousWhenAToolReturnsAnImage(t *testing.T) {
 		{{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "done"}, {Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone}},
 	}}

-	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "two calls", provider, Options{Registry: registry, MaxTurns: 2})
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "two calls", provider, Options{Registry: registry, MaxTurns: 2, Model: "gpt-4o"})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -205,3 +229,176 @@ func messageShape(messages []zeroruntime.Message) string {
 	}
 	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, " ") + "]"
 }
+
+func TestRunDropsToolResultImagesForANonVisionModel(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := tools.NewRegistry()
+	registry.Register(imageTool{media: "image/png", data: []byte("\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nfake")})
+	provider := &mockProvider{turns: [][]zeroruntime.StreamEvent{
+		{
+			{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallStart, ToolCallID: "call_1", ToolName: "capture"},
+			{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallDelta, ToolCallID: "call_1", ArgumentsFragment: `{}`},
+			{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallEnd, ToolCallID: "call_1"},
+			{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone},
+		},
+		{{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "ok"}, {Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone}},
+	}}
+
+	result, err := Run(context.Background(), "screenshot please", provider, Options{
+		Registry: registry,
+		MaxTurns: 2,
+		Model:    "totally-made-up-model",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+	}
+	var toolText string
+	var noticed bool
+	for _, message := range result.Messages {
+		if message.Role == zeroruntime.MessageRoleTool {
+			toolText = message.Content
+		}
+		if len(message.Images) > 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("non-vision model received image bytes on %q: %s", message.Role, messageShape(result.Messages))
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(message.Content, "does not support image input") {
+			noticed = true
+		}
+	}
+	if toolText != "Captured a screenshot." {
+		t.Fatalf("tool text = %q, want preserved on the non-vision path", toolText)
+	}
+	if !noticed {
+		t.Fatalf("non-vision model was not told the image was dropped; recorded %s", messageShape(result.Messages))
+	}
+}
+
+type switchAndCaptureTool struct {
+	targetModel string
+}
+
+func (switchAndCaptureTool) Name() string        { return "switch_and_capture" }
+func (switchAndCaptureTool) Description() string { return "Switches model and captures image" }
+func (switchAndCaptureTool) Parameters() tools.Schema {
+	return tools.Schema{Type: "object", Properties: map[string]tools.PropertySchema{}}
+}
+func (switchAndCaptureTool) Safety() tools.Safety {
+	return tools.Safety{Permission: tools.PermissionAllow}
+}
+func (t switchAndCaptureTool) Run(context.Context, map[string]any) tools.Result {
+	return tools.Result{
+		Status: tools.StatusOK,
+		Output: "[image returned by tool]",
+		Images: []zeroruntime.ImageBlock{{MediaType: "image/png", Data: []byte("\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nfake")}},
+		Meta:   map[string]string{"escalate_to_model": t.targetModel},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunToolImagesRespectsModelSwitch(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Non-vision to vision model escalation forwards images", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := tools.NewRegistry()
+		registry.Register(switchAndCaptureTool{targetModel: "gpt-4o"})
+
+		provider := &mockProvider{turns: [][]zeroruntime.StreamEvent{
+			{
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallStart, ToolCallID: "call_1", ToolName: "switch_and_capture"},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallDelta, ToolCallID: "call_1", ArgumentsFragment: `{}`},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallEnd, ToolCallID: "call_1"},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone},
+			},
+			{
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "I see it on gpt-4o."},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone},
+			},
+		}}
+
+		switched := false
+		switcher := func(_ context.Context, modelID string) (Provider, error) {
+			switched = true
+			return provider, nil
+		}
+
+		result, err := Run(context.Background(), "test", provider, Options{
+			Registry:      registry,
+			MaxTurns:      2,
+			Model:         "non-vision-initial",
+			ModelSwitcher: switcher,
+			SupportsVision: func(modelID string) bool {
+				return modelID == "gpt-4o"
+			},
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !switched {
+			t.Fatal("expected model switch to occur")
+		}
+
+		var carrier *zeroruntime.Message
+		for index := range result.Messages {
+			if len(result.Messages[index].Images) > 0 {
+				carrier = &result.Messages[index]
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(result.Messages[index].Content, "does not support image input") {
+				t.Fatalf("images were unexpectedly dropped after switch to vision model: %v", result.Messages[index])
+			}
+		}
+		if carrier == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected image carrier message after escalation to vision model")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Vision to non-vision model switch drops images with notice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		registry := tools.NewRegistry()
+		registry.Register(switchAndCaptureTool{targetModel: "text-only-dest"})
+
+		provider := &mockProvider{turns: [][]zeroruntime.StreamEvent{
+			{
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallStart, ToolCallID: "call_1", ToolName: "switch_and_capture"},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallDelta, ToolCallID: "call_1", ArgumentsFragment: `{}`},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallEnd, ToolCallID: "call_1"},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone},
+			},
+			{
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "ok."},
+				{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone},
+			},
+		}}
+
+		switcher := func(_ context.Context, modelID string) (Provider, error) {
+			return provider, nil
+		}
+
+		result, err := Run(context.Background(), "test", provider, Options{
+			Registry:      registry,
+			MaxTurns:      2,
+			Model:         "gpt-4o",
+			ModelSwitcher: switcher,
+			SupportsVision: func(modelID string) bool {
+				return modelID == "gpt-4o"
+			},
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		var noticed bool
+		var toolOutputSeen bool
+		for _, m := range result.Messages {
+			if len(m.Images) > 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("image delivered to non-vision destination model: %v", m)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(m.Content, "does not support image input") {
+				noticed = true
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(m.Content, "[image returned by tool]") {
+				toolOutputSeen = true
+			}
+		}
+		if !noticed {
+			t.Fatal("expected drop notice when switching to non-vision model")
+		}
+		if !toolOutputSeen {
+			t.Fatal("expected tool output preserved in message history")
+		}
+	})
+}
@@ -341,6 +341,11 @@ type Options struct {
 	// nil for text-only runs (the seeded message then carries no images, exactly
 	// as before).
 	Images []zeroruntime.ImageBlock
+	// SupportsVision, when set, reports whether the effective model accepts
+	// image input. Tool-produced images are dropped at the shared delivery
+	// boundary when this is false. nil uses the curated catalog plus the
+	// name heuristic via modelregistry.SupportsVision.
+	SupportsVision func(modelID string) bool
 	// ContextWindow is the model's maximum input token budget. When > 0 the agent
 	// loop compacts long conversations once the estimated size crosses a fraction
 	// of this window. 0 DISABLES compaction entirely (every existing caller/test
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package background

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"

 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/execution"
@@ -46,7 +47,13 @@ func terminateOwnedProcess(cmd *exec.Cmd) (bool, error) {
 		terminateErr = terminateProcessForTest(cmd.Process.Pid)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("pin process %d for termination: %w", cmd.Process.Pid, err)
+		// WithHandle refuses only a process that has already been waited or
+		// released, so it has finished. Say so in the form exec.Cmd understands:
+		// a Cancel error wrapping os.ErrProcessDone is "nothing to cancel", where
+		// the unexported "already released" error it would otherwise carry made
+		// Wait report a spurious cancel failure. A dead root has no tree left to
+		// find either way.
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("pin process %d for termination: %w: %w", cmd.Process.Pid, os.ErrProcessDone, err)
 	}
 	return alreadyExited, terminateErr
 }
@@ -73,6 +73,29 @@ func TerminateCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// TerminateCommandGroup stops a started command's process group on POSIX, or its
+// process tree on Windows, WITHOUT reaping it.
+//
+// It is TerminateCommand without the Wait, for a caller whose Wait already runs
+// somewhere else: a worker pool waiting on the command in its own goroutine, or
+// the command's own Cancel hook, which exec.Cmd invokes while its Wait is in
+// progress. TerminateCommand would be a second Wait there. Both used to pass
+// cmd.Process.Pid to TerminateProcess, which rediscovers the group at signal time
+// with Getpgid, and once the leader has exited that lookup fails, so only the dead
+// leader was signalled and its descendants kept running. When cmd was configured
+// by ConfigureChildProcessGroup the group now comes from that launch-time
+// configuration instead. On Windows it is the tree kill TerminateProcess performs,
+// with the process handle pinned while it runs so the PID cannot be recycled
+// underneath it; once the command has been waited that pin fails with an error
+// wrapping os.ErrProcessDone.
+func TerminateCommandGroup(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := terminateOwnedProcess(cmd)
+	return err
+}
+
 // classifyWaitError treats a non-zero exit status as success: a process being
 // terminated is expected to report one (or a signal), so the only interesting
 // failure is Wait itself not working.
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package background
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TerminateCommandGroup LEAVES THE WAIT TO ITS CALLER. Its callers already have a
+// Wait running or about to run: the daemon pool waits on its workers, and
+// exec.Cmd calls the Cancel hook from inside Wait. Reaping here, the way
+// TerminateCommand does, would make their Wait fail with "Wait was already
+// called" instead of reporting how the command ended.
+func TestTerminateCommandGroupLeavesTheWaitToTheCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("sleep", "30")
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		cmd = exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", "Start-Sleep -Seconds 30")
+	}
+	ConfigureChildProcessGroup(cmd)
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := TerminateCommandGroup(cmd); err != nil {
+		_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		_ = cmd.Wait()
+		t.Fatalf("TerminateCommandGroup: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	waited := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { waited <- cmd.Wait() }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-waited:
+		var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+		if err != nil && !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("the caller's own Wait failed after TerminateCommandGroup: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		t.Fatal("the command was still running 10s after TerminateCommandGroup")
+	}
+}
+
+// A command that was never started, or a nil one, is nothing to stop.
+func TestTerminateCommandGroupWithNoProcessIsANoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := TerminateCommandGroup(nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil command: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := TerminateCommandGroup(exec.Command("sleep", "1")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unstarted command: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// After the caller has waited, Windows cannot pin the process any more. The error
+// must still read as "already finished", which is what exec.Cmd's Cancel contract
+// and the pool both treat as nothing wrong.
+func TestTerminateCommandGroupAfterWaitReportsProcessDone(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("POSIX signals the group, which is simply gone after the wait")
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("cmd.exe", "/c", "exit", "0")
+	ConfigureChildProcessGroup(cmd)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("run: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := TerminateCommandGroup(cmd); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrProcessDone) {
+		t.Fatalf("after Wait the error is %v, want nil or one wrapping os.ErrProcessDone", err)
+	}
+}
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ func runInteractiveTUIWithSetup(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, permissionMode a
 	// Refresh the models.dev pricing/limits cache in the background when stale;
 	// the overlay is read at registry construction from the cache file, so this
 	// benefits the next run and never blocks or fails this one.
-	go func() { _ = modelregistry.RefreshModelsDevCache(context.Background()) }()
+	modelregistry.StartModelsDevRefresh()

 	workspaceRoot, err := deps.getwd()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -727,7 +727,13 @@ func runInteractiveTUIWithSetup(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, permissionMode a
 			resolved.Provider = usable
 			resolved.ActiveProvider = usable.Name
 		} else {
-			resolved = config.ResolvedConfig{}
+			// Fresh-onboarding reset, but the user's notification preference is
+			// NOT config-to-redo: clearing it here would surface as an empty
+			// Options.Notify, and the TUI's unconfigured default (both/unfocused)
+			// would then resurrect alerts a user explicitly turned off while the
+			// setup wizard runs (maintainer review, PR #1001). Carry the stored
+			// block through; other wizard-visible state starts clean as before.
+			resolved = config.ResolvedConfig{Notify: resolved.Notify}
 			forceSetup = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -959,7 +965,12 @@ func runInteractiveTUIWithSetup(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, permissionMode a
 	// notice when project hooks/plugins were dropped for an untrusted workspace.
 	hookDispatcher, hookSkip := newHookDispatcherWithExtra(workspaceRoot, pluginActivation.hooks, trustRoot, executionRunner)
 	emitTrustNotice(stderr, hookSkip, pluginActivation.trustSkip, mcpSkip)
+	// From the engine the session's commands run through, so the notice
+	// describes the sandbox they actually get.
+	startupNotices := []string{sandboxEngine.DegradedNotice()}
+	modelRPM := zeroruntime.NewModelRPMLimiter(resolved.ModelRPM)
 	return deps.runTUI(context.Background(), tui.Options{
+		ModelRPM:             modelRPM,
 		Cwd:                  workspaceRoot,
 		Version:              version,
 		Theme:                theme,
@@ -982,7 +993,7 @@ func runInteractiveTUIWithSetup(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, permissionMode a
 			if provider == nil {
 				return nil
 			}
-			if optimized, ok := providers.OptimizedTurnSessions(profile, provider, providers.Options{}); ok {
+			if optimized, ok := providers.ConfiguredTurnSessions(profile, provider, providers.Options{ModelRPM: modelRPM}); ok {
 				return optimized
 			}
 			return providers.DefaultTurnSessions(profile, provider, providers.Options{})
@@ -1046,6 +1057,7 @@ func runInteractiveTUIWithSetup(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, permissionMode a
 		PermissionMode:            permissionMode,
 		Notify:                    resolved.Notify,
 		KeyBindings:               resolved.KeyBindings,
+		StartupNotices:            startupNotices,
 		STT:                       resolved.STT,
 		BuildDictationTranscriber: newDictationTranscriberFactory(resolved, userConfigPath, sttServerManager),
 		ShutdownDictationServer:   sttServerManager.Shutdown,
@@ -343,8 +343,10 @@ func TestRunNoArgsFallsBackToUsableProviderWhenNoneMarkedActive(t *testing.T) {
 			// config.json has providers configured but none marked active (e.g. a
 			// blank/stale activeProvider field) — Resolve returns the successfully
 			// normalized providers list alongside ErrNoActiveProvider.
-			return config.ResolvedConfig{Providers: []config.ProviderProfile{usable}},
-				fmt.Errorf("%w: active provider %q not found", config.ErrNoActiveProvider, "")
+			return config.ResolvedConfig{
+				Providers: []config.ProviderProfile{usable},
+				ModelRPM:  map[string]int{"gpt-test": 1},
+			}, fmt.Errorf("%w: active provider %q not found", config.ErrNoActiveProvider, "")
 		},
 		newProvider: func(profile config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) {
 			providerProfile = profile
@@ -374,6 +376,77 @@ func TestRunNoArgsFallsBackToUsableProviderWhenNoneMarkedActive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if providerProfile.Name != "work" {
 		t.Fatalf("provider used = %q, want fallback to the usable saved provider %q", providerProfile.Name, "work")
+
+	}
+	if launchedOptions.ModelRPM == nil {
+		t.Fatal("ModelRPM = nil, want limiter preserved through provider fallback")
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): a stored explicit notify opt-out must
+// survive the provider-recovery startup path. With a stale activeProvider and
+// another usable saved provider, Resolve returns the partial config alongside
+// ErrNoActiveProvider and the recovery branch forwards it — dropping the
+// notify policy there would surface an empty Options.Notify, and the TUI's
+// unconfigured default (both) would resurrect alerts the user explicitly
+// turned off. The same recovery branch that clears the resolved config for
+// the setup wizard carries the stored notify block through.
+func TestRunNoArgsPreservesNotifyOptOutThroughProviderRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	setCLIUserConfigRoot(t)
+	userConfigPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero", "config.json")
+	var launchedOptions tui.Options
+	launched := false
+
+	usable := config.ProviderProfile{
+		Name:         "work",
+		ProviderKind: config.ProviderKindOpenAI,
+		BaseURL:      config.OpenAIBaseURL,
+		APIKey:       "sk-test",
+		Model:        "gpt-test",
+	}
+
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{}, &stdout, &stderr, appDeps{
+		getwd: func() (string, error) {
+			return cwd, nil
+		},
+		resolveConfig: func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+			// Stale activeProvider + usable saved provider, and the user's
+			// config.json explicitly opts out of notifications. The fixed
+			// resolver carries the parsed notify block through the error path.
+			return config.ResolvedConfig{
+				Providers: []config.ProviderProfile{usable},
+				Notify:    config.NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "always"},
+			}, fmt.Errorf("%w: active provider %q not found", config.ErrNoActiveProvider, "ghost")
+		},
+		newProvider: func(profile config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) {
+			return &cliFakeProvider{}, nil
+		},
+		userConfigPath: func() (string, error) {
+			return userConfigPath, nil
+		},
+		registerMCPTools: func(context.Context, *tools.Registry, config.MCPConfig, mcp.RegisterOptions) (mcpToolRuntime, error) {
+			return noopMCPRuntime{}, nil
+		},
+		runTUI: func(ctx context.Context, options tui.Options) int {
+			launched = true
+			launchedOptions = options
+			return 0
+		},
+	})
+
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want 0, stderr=%q", exitCode, stderr.String())
+	}
+	if !launched {
+		t.Fatal("TUI was not launched")
+	}
+	// The explicit opt-out reaches the TUI intact — NOT the both/unfocused
+	// unconfigured default.
+	if launchedOptions.Notify.Mode != "off" || launchedOptions.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Fatalf("Options.Notify = %+v, want the stored off/always opt-out preserved through recovery", launchedOptions.Notify)
 	}
 }

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package cli

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sort"
@@ -26,6 +27,30 @@ type modelSummary = zerocommands.ModelSnapshot
 type providerCatalogSummary = zerocommands.ProviderCatalogSnapshot

 func runConfig(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) int {
+	// The first non-flag argument is a subcommand. With no positional argument
+	// (or only flag arguments), the read-only summary path runs — this keeps
+	// `zero config` and `zero config --json` working unchanged.
+	command := "summary"
+	rest := args
+	if len(args) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(args[0], "-") {
+		command = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(args[0]))
+		rest = args[1:]
+	}
+	switch command {
+	case "summary":
+		return runConfigSummary(rest, stdout, stderr, deps)
+	case "notify":
+		return runConfigNotify(rest, stdout, stderr, deps)
+	case "help":
+		if err := writeConfigHelp(stdout); err != nil {
+			return exitCrash
+		}
+		return exitSuccess
+	}
+	return writeExecUsageError(stderr, fmt.Sprintf("unknown config command %q", command))
+}
+
+func runConfigSummary(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) int {
 	options, help, err := parseCommandCenterArgs(args, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return writeExecUsageError(stderr, err.Error())
@@ -120,7 +145,7 @@ func runProviders(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDep
 		return exitSuccess
 	}

-	resolved, exitCode := resolveCommandCenterConfig(stderr, deps)
+	resolved, exitCode := resolveProviderManagementConfig(stderr, deps)
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		return exitCode
 	}
@@ -193,12 +218,45 @@ func runModels(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer) int {
 }

 func resolveCommandCenterConfig(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) (config.ResolvedConfig, int) {
+	return resolveCommandCenterConfigFor(stderr, deps, false)
+}
+
+// resolveProviderManagementConfig resolves for the `providers` subcommands that
+// only need the provider LIST (`list`, `current`, `use`, `remove`, `rename`).
+// Those keep working when nothing is selected (issue #1130). It is deliberately
+// NOT shared with the commands that REPORT the configuration — `zero config`
+// above all: per the resolver's headless contract, `zero config` / `zero exec`
+// still fail with the actionable resolve error, and only the interactive TUI
+// recovers from a missing active provider.
+func resolveProviderManagementConfig(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) (config.ResolvedConfig, int) {
+	return resolveCommandCenterConfigFor(stderr, deps, true)
+}
+
+func resolveCommandCenterConfigFor(stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, allowMissingActiveProvider bool) (config.ResolvedConfig, int) {
 	workspaceRoot, err := resolveWorkspaceRoot("", deps)
 	if err != nil {
 		return config.ResolvedConfig{}, writeExecUsageError(stderr, err.Error())
 	}
 	resolved, err := deps.resolveConfig(workspaceRoot, config.Overrides{})
 	if err != nil {
+		// A missing active provider must not stop the `providers` subcommands
+		// that answer for profiles coming from the environment (OPENAI_API_KEY,
+		// GEMINI_API_KEY, ...), where an env-derived profile is never marked
+		// active in config.json. The resolver elects an active provider by
+		// itself only when there is exactly one, so two env providers (or one
+		// key plus one base URL) made every subcommand exit with `no active
+		// provider configured: active provider "" not found` (issue #1130). It
+		// still returns the successfully normalized list alongside the error,
+		// so hand that partial config back WITHOUT electing an active provider:
+		// these commands report what is configured, not what a run would use.
+		// Adopting firstUsableProvider here made `providers current`/`list`
+		// present a provider that `zero exec` would still refuse to run with,
+		// and made a base-URL-only profile (no API key) fail `providers list`
+		// because the election demands a credential. Electing a provider to RUN
+		// with stays in the interactive TUI's recovery path (app.go).
+		if allowMissingActiveProvider && errors.Is(err, config.ErrNoActiveProvider) {
+			return resolved, exitSuccess
+		}
 		return config.ResolvedConfig{}, writeAppError(stderr, err.Error(), exitProvider)
 	}
 	return resolved, exitSuccess
@@ -466,8 +524,12 @@ func formatProviderCatalogValue(value string, fallback string) string {
 func writeConfigHelp(w io.Writer) error {
 	_, err := fmt.Fprint(w, `Usage:
  zero config [flags]
+  zero config notify [flags]

-Inspects resolved Go configuration without printing secrets.
+Inspects resolved Go configuration without printing secrets. The notify
+subcommand reads or updates the stored global notification preference,
+which controls both the completion and needs-input alerts —
+run "zero config notify --help" for details.

 Flags:
      --json      Print JSON summary
@@ -880,6 +880,40 @@ func providerSetupDeps(configPath string) appDeps {
 	}
 }

+// providerEnvSetupDeps is providerSetupDeps plus a REAL resolver pinned to a
+// temporary user config and a fixed environment. providerSetupDeps only
+// redirects WRITES, so without this the `providers` subcommands resolve against
+// the developer's own config.json and ambient provider variables: a test that
+// exports OPENAI_API_KEY passes on a machine whose real config has an active
+// provider and fails on one that also has GEMINI_API_KEY exported (issue
+// #1130). Passing Env makes resolution fully hermetic — config.envValue prefers
+// the map over os.Getenv whenever it is non-nil.
+func providerEnvSetupDeps(t *testing.T, configPath string, env map[string]string) appDeps {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	deps := providerSetupDeps(configPath)
+	deps.getwd = func() (string, error) { return cwd, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{
+			UserConfigPath: configPath,
+			Env:            env,
+			Overrides:      overrides,
+		})
+	}
+	// summarizeConfig reads OAuth LOGIN state through the default store, which
+	// resolves the developer's own ZERO_OAUTH_TOKENS_PATH (or XDG keyring root)
+	// — a machine with a stored ChatGPT login would make `providers list`
+	// assertions flip. Pin the file and the backend per the coding guideline
+	// that no test may read the developer's real config, cache or state dirs:
+	// forcing "file" also prevents an ambient ZERO_OAUTH_STORAGE=keyring from
+	// pulling the OS keychain into these tests.
+	tokensPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "oauth-tokens.json")
+	t.Setenv("ZERO_OAUTH_TOKENS_PATH", tokensPath)
+	t.Setenv("ZERO_OAUTH_STORAGE", "file")
+	return deps
+}
+
 func readFileConfig(t *testing.T, path string) config.FileConfig {
 	t.Helper()

@@ -40,7 +40,11 @@ var completionRoot = completionNode{
 		},
 		{names: []string{"daemon"}, children: leafNodes("start", "stop", "status", "run", "attach", "serve-remote", "link")},
 		{names: []string{"setup"}},
-		{names: []string{"config"}},
+		{names: []string{"config"}, flags: []string{"-h", "--help", "--json"}, children: []completionNode{
+			{names: []string{"notify"}, flags: []string{
+				"-h", "--help", "--mode", "--focus", "--reset", "--json",
+			}},
+		}},
 		{names: []string{"models"}, children: []completionNode{{names: []string{"list", "ls"}}}},
 		{names: []string{"providers"}, children: []completionNode{
 			{names: []string{"current"}}, {names: []string{"list"}}, {names: []string{"catalog"}},
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@ func TestCompletionTreeCoversAliasesNestingAndCommonFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	assertCandidates(t, byPath["completions"], "bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell", "elvish")
 	assertCandidates(t, byPath["plugins"], "list", "add", "info", "remove", "rm")
 	assertCandidates(t, byPath["plugin"], "list", "add", "info", "remove", "rm")
+	// `config` gained the notify subcommand; the completion tree must expose
+	// it (and its flags) so shell completion cannot go stale for new CLI
+	// surfaces (maintainer review, PR #1001).
+	assertCandidates(t, byPath["config"], "notify", "--json", "--help")
+	assertCandidates(t, byPath["config notify"], "--mode", "--focus", "--reset", "--json", "--help")
 }

 func assertCandidates(t *testing.T, got []string, wants ...string) {
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+)
+
+// runConfigNotify implements `zero config notify`: with no flags it prints the
+// stored mode/focusMode; --mode/--focus update them via the same
+// config.UpdateNotify writer the TUI /notify command uses, so all surfaces stay
+// in lockstep; --reset blanks both fields so the TUI's effective default
+// applies again (an unconfigured headless run stays silent).
+//
+// The command manages a user preference, so it talks ONLY to the user's own
+// config file (config.UserNotify / config.UpdateNotify) and never runs the full
+// config resolution: resolving providers would fail with ErrNoActiveProvider
+// for a brand-new user, locking them out of setting notifications before they
+// have even configured a provider (CodeRabbit review, PR #1001). The display
+// therefore reports the USER'S stored values — a project config that
+// overrides notify for one repo is not shown here, by the same logic the
+// maintainer applied to the write path.
+func runConfigNotify(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) int {
+	options, help, err := parseConfigNotifyArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return writeExecUsageError(stderr, err.Error())
+	}
+	if help {
+		if err := writeConfigNotifyHelp(stdout); err != nil {
+			return exitCrash
+		}
+		return exitSuccess
+	}
+
+	configPath, err := deps.userConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return writeAppError(stderr, err.Error(), exitCrash)
+	}
+
+	if options.mode != "" || options.focus != "" || options.reset {
+		// One serialized read-merge-write transaction: the lock covers
+		// reading the stored block, applying only the explicit fields, and
+		// replacing the file, so two concurrent partial updates (e.g.
+		// --mode off and --focus always from two terminals) cannot lose
+		// each other's change (maintainer review, PR #1001). Omitted
+		// fields preserve the values stored in the user's OWN file — blank
+		// stays blank; --reset is the only path that clears both fields.
+		_, err := config.UpdateNotify(configPath, func(current config.NotifyConfig) config.NotifyConfig {
+			if options.reset {
+				return config.NotifyConfig{}
+			}
+			if options.mode != "" {
+				current.Mode = options.mode
+			}
+			if options.focus != "" {
+				current.FocusMode = options.focus
+			}
+			return current
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return writeAppError(stderr, err.Error(), exitUsage)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Report the stored values (blank renders as "(default)").
+	current, err := config.UserNotify(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return writeAppError(stderr, err.Error(), exitUsage)
+	}
+	if options.json {
+		if err := writePrettyJSON(stdout, map[string]any{
+			"mode":      current.Mode,
+			"focusMode": current.FocusMode,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return exitCrash
+		}
+		return exitSuccess
+	}
+	lines := []string{
+		"Notify",
+		"mode:      " + displayCLIValue(current.Mode, "(default)"),
+		"focusMode: " + displayCLIValue(current.FocusMode, "(default)"),
+	}
+	if _, err := fmt.Fprintln(stdout, strings.Join(lines, "\n")); err != nil {
+		return exitCrash
+	}
+	return exitSuccess
+}
+
+type configNotifyOptions struct {
+	mode  string
+	focus string
+	reset bool
+	json  bool
+}
+
+func parseConfigNotifyArgs(args []string) (configNotifyOptions, bool, error) {
+	options := configNotifyOptions{}
+	for index := 0; index < len(args); index++ {
+		arg := args[index]
+		switch {
+		case arg == "-h" || arg == "--help" || arg == "help":
+			return options, true, nil
+		case arg == "--json":
+			options.json = true
+		case arg == "--reset":
+			options.reset = true
+		case arg == "--mode":
+			value, next, err := nextFlagValue(args, index, arg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return options, false, err
+			}
+			options.mode = value
+			index = next
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--mode="):
+			value, err := requiredInlineFlagValue(arg, "--mode")
+			if err != nil {
+				return options, false, err
+			}
+			options.mode = value
+		case arg == "--focus":
+			value, next, err := nextFlagValue(args, index, arg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return options, false, err
+			}
+			options.focus = value
+			index = next
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--focus="):
+			value, err := requiredInlineFlagValue(arg, "--focus")
+			if err != nil {
+				return options, false, err
+			}
+			options.focus = value
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-"):
+			return options, false, execUsageError{fmt.Sprintf("unknown flag %q", arg)}
+		default:
+			return options, false, execUsageError{fmt.Sprintf("unexpected argument %q", arg)}
+		}
+	}
+	return options, false, nil
+}
+
+func writeConfigNotifyHelp(w io.Writer) error {
+	_, err := fmt.Fprint(w, "Usage:\n"+
+		"  zero config notify [flags]\n"+
+		"\n"+
+		"Print or update the stored global notification preference.\n"+
+		"\n"+
+		"The preference controls BOTH notification kinds: the turn-completion\n"+
+		"(\"Zero: ready\") alert and the needs-input alert. mode off silences both;\n"+
+		"the focus mode (unfocused, always, focused) applies to both.\n"+
+		"\n"+
+		"When run with no flag, prints the stored mode and focusMode; a field you\n"+
+		"never set shows as (default) — the TUI alerts with bell + notification,\n"+
+		"firing only when the terminal is unfocused, while an unconfigured\n"+
+		"headless run stays silent. Omitted flags preserve the values stored in\n"+
+		"YOUR config file; --reset clears both so the TUI's effective default\n"+
+		"applies again. If --reset is combined with --mode/--focus, --reset wins\n"+
+		"and the explicit values are ignored.\n"+
+		"\n"+
+		"Examples:\n"+
+		"  zero config notify\n"+
+		"  zero config notify --json\n"+
+		"  zero config notify --mode both --focus unfocused\n"+
+		"  zero config notify --mode off\n"+
+		"  zero config notify --reset         # clear the stored preference\n"+
+		"\n"+
+		"Flags:\n"+
+		"      --mode <off|bell|notify|both>       Notification mechanism (both kinds)\n"+
+		"      --focus <unfocused|always|focused>  When the alert fires\n"+
+		"      --reset                             Clear the stored preference so the TUI effective default applies\n"+
+		"      --json                              Machine-readable output\n"+
+		"  -h, --help                              Show this help\n")
+	return err
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+)
+
+// `zero config notify` with no flag and a fresh config: nothing is configured,
+// the resolver leaves the fields blank (defaults deliberately live in the TUI,
+// not the resolver — maintainer review, PR #1001), and the command reports
+// "(default)" for both.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyPrintsUnconfiguredAsDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	// A valid openai profile so the resolver does not error with
+	// ErrNoActiveProvider. The notify defaults are applied independently of
+	// the provider resolution path.
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}]
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "mode:      (default)") {
+		t.Errorf("stdout should show unconfigured mode as (default), got: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "focusMode: (default)") {
+		t.Errorf("stdout should show unconfigured focus as (default), got: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// `zero config notify --json` emits a machine-readable payload. A configured
+// pair round-trips; unconfigured fields are empty strings (never defaults
+// filled in), so scripts can distinguish "user chose" from "default".
+func TestRunConfigNotifyPrintsJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}],
+		"notify": {"mode": "bell", "focusMode": "always"}
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	var payload map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if payload["mode"] != "bell" {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %v, want bell", payload["mode"])
+	}
+	if payload["focusMode"] != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("focusMode = %v, want always", payload["focusMode"])
+	}
+}
+
+// The unconfigured JSON shape: fields are empty strings, never defaults
+// filled in, so scripts can tell "user chose" from "default".
+func TestRunConfigNotifyPrintsJSONUnconfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}]
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	var payload map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if payload["mode"] != "" {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %v, want empty (unconfigured)", payload["mode"])
+	}
+	if payload["focusMode"] != "" {
+		t.Errorf("focusMode = %v, want empty (unconfigured)", payload["focusMode"])
+	}
+}
+
+// `zero config notify --mode off` writes the new value to disk and prints
+// confirmation. The user can read it back by running the command again.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyWritesModeChange(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}],
+		"notify": {"mode": "both", "focusMode": "always"}
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--mode", "off"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "off" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.Mode = %q, want off", cfg.Notify.Mode)
+	}
+	// A mode-only update must preserve the configured focusMode, not wipe it.
+	if cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.FocusMode = %q, want preserved %q", cfg.Notify.FocusMode, "always")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "mode:      off") {
+		t.Errorf("stdout should confirm the change, got: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// A focus-only update preserves the configured mode.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyFocusOnlyPreservesMode(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}],
+		"notify": {"mode": "bell", "focusMode": "unfocused"}
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--focus", "always"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "bell" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.Mode = %q, want preserved %q", cfg.Notify.Mode, "bell")
+	}
+	if cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.FocusMode = %q, want always", cfg.Notify.FocusMode)
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): a partial update must seed from the USER'S
+// OWN file, never from the resolved view. A project .zero/config.json setting
+// mode=off resolves into the session, but `--focus always` inside that repo
+// must NOT copy the project's off into the user's global config.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyDoesNotCopyProjectNotifyIntoUserConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "user.json")
+	projectPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "project.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"activeProvider": "openai"}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(projectPath, []byte(`{"notify": {"mode": "off"}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	// Resolve EXACTLY the way production does: user config + project config
+	// merged, so resolved.Notify.Mode is the project's "off".
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{
+			UserConfigPath:    configPath,
+			ProjectConfigPath: projectPath,
+			Env:               map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"},
+		})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--focus", "always"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	// The user's file must keep an unspecified mode unspecified — the
+	// project's "off" stays in the project file where it belongs.
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "" {
+		t.Errorf("user Notify.Mode = %q, want blank (project's off must not leak into the user file)", cfg.Notify.Mode)
+	}
+	if cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.FocusMode = %q, want always", cfg.Notify.FocusMode)
+	}
+	// The project file is untouched.
+	project := readFileConfig(t, projectPath)
+	if project.Notify.Mode != "off" {
+		t.Errorf("project Notify.Mode = %q, want untouched off", project.Notify.Mode)
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): with a clean config, `--mode off` must not
+// also pin focusMode as an explicit choice — blank means "use the built-in
+// default", and a partial update keeps it that way.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyDoesNotPinDefaultsAsExplicitChoices(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"activeProvider": "openai"}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--mode", "off"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "off" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.Mode = %q, want off", cfg.Notify.Mode)
+	}
+	if cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.FocusMode = %q, want blank (unspecified stays unspecified; the default must not be pinned)", cfg.Notify.FocusMode)
+	}
+}
+
+// `--mode` and `--focus` together update both fields in one call.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyWritesModeAndFocus(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}]
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--mode", "both", "--focus", "unfocused"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "both" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "unfocused" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify = %+v, want mode=both focusMode=unfocused", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+}
+
+// `--mode loud` is a usage error. The config must not be mutated.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyRejectsInvalidMode(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}],
+		"notify": {"mode": "off"}
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--mode", "loud"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode == exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("expected failure for invalid mode, got success; stdout=%s", stdout.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "off" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify.Mode = %q, want off (unchanged after failed write)", cfg.Notify.Mode)
+	}
+}
+
+// `--reset` blanks both fields so the TUI's effective default applies again
+// (an unconfigured headless run stays silent). Useful for "go back to the
+// recommended setup" after a custom value.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyResetClearsStoredValues(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	seed := `{
+		"activeProvider": "openai",
+		"providers": [{
+			"name": "openai",
+			"providerKind": "openai",
+			"baseUrl": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+			"model": "gpt-4.1",
+			"apiKeyEnv": "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+		}],
+		"notify": {"mode": "off", "focusMode": "always"}
+	}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed config: %v", err)
+	}
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-test"}})
+	}
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--reset"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Notify after reset = %+v, want empty (defaults apply)", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+}
+
+// CodeRabbit regression (PR #1001): the command manages a user preference and
+// must not require provider resolution. A brand-new user with NO provider
+// configured (the resolver would return ErrNoActiveProvider) can still read,
+// set, and reset their notification preference.
+func TestRunConfigNotifyWorksWithoutAnyProviderConfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// resolveConfig fails the way the real resolver does for a fresh user —
+	// the command must never call it, so a panic-free stub is enough to prove
+	// the point; use the failing resolver to catch any regression to the
+	// resolve-first shape.
+	deps := commandCenterDeps(t)
+	deps.userConfigPath = func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil }
+	deps.resolveConfig = func(workspaceRoot string, overrides config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		return config.Resolve(config.ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: configPath, Env: map[string]string{}})
+	}
+
+	// Read works and shows defaults.
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("read: exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "mode:      (default)") {
+		t.Errorf("read should show (default), got: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+
+	// Write works.
+	stdout.Reset()
+	exitCode = runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--mode", "bell", "--focus", "always"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("write: exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg := readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "bell" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Fatalf("write: Notify = %+v, want bell/always", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+
+	// JSON read reflects the stored pair.
+	stdout.Reset()
+	exitCode = runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("json: exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	var payload map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("json output invalid: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	if payload["mode"] != "bell" || payload["focusMode"] != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("json = mode %v focus %v, want bell/always", payload["mode"], payload["focusMode"])
+	}
+
+	// Reset works.
+	stdout.Reset()
+	exitCode = runWithDeps([]string{"config", "notify", "--reset"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("reset: exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	cfg = readFileConfig(t, configPath)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Errorf("reset: Notify = %+v, want empty", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+}
+
+// `zero config` (no subcommand) still works after the dispatch change.
+func TestRunConfigSummaryStillWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config"}, &stdout, &stderr, commandCenterDeps(t))
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "Config") {
+		t.Errorf("stdout should show the config summary, got: %s", stdout.String())
+	}
+}
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ package cli

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -39,3 +43,115 @@ func TestFireJobClaimPreventsDoubleFire(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("NextRunAt must advance past now, got %s", d.NextRunAt)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFireJobOverlappingAdjacentSlots(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, olderFirst := range []bool{false, true} {
+		name := "newer completes first"
+		if olderFirst {
+			name = "older completes first"
+		}
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			root := t.TempDir()
+			stores := []*cron.Store{
+				cron.NewStore(cron.StoreOptions{RootDir: root}),
+				cron.NewStore(cron.StoreOptions{RootDir: root}),
+			}
+			now := time.Date(2026, 6, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+			job, err := stores[0].Add(cron.Job{Expr: "* * * * *", Prompt: "fire me", NextRunAt: now, FireCount: 7})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			var release, done [2]chan struct{}
+			for i := range stores {
+				release[i], done[i] = make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+				// Always release blocked runners, including on assertion failures.
+				defer func() {
+					select {
+					case <-release[i]:
+					default:
+						close(release[i])
+					}
+					<-done[i]
+				}()
+				started := make(chan struct{})
+				go func() {
+					defer close(done[i])
+					fireJob(stores[i], func() time.Time { return now.Add(time.Duration(i) * time.Minute) }, job, io.Discard, io.Discard,
+						func(_ []string, _, _ io.Writer) int {
+							close(started)
+							<-release[i]
+							return i // Include a failed execution in the accounting.
+						})
+				}()
+				select {
+				case <-started:
+				case <-done[i]:
+					t.Fatal("runner did not claim its slot")
+				}
+			}
+			order := []int{1, 0}
+			if olderFirst {
+				order = []int{0, 1}
+			}
+			for n, i := range order {
+				close(release[i])
+				<-done[i]
+				current, err := stores[0].Get(job.ID)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if current.FireCount != 8+n || !current.NextRunAt.Equal(now.Add(2*time.Minute)) {
+					t.Fatalf("after completion %d: FireCount=%d NextRunAt=%s; want count %d and next %s", n+1, current.FireCount, current.NextRunAt, 8+n, now.Add(2*time.Minute))
+				}
+				claimed, err := claimFire(stores[1], now.Add(time.Minute), job.ID)
+				if err != nil || claimed {
+					t.Fatalf("already claimed slot became available: claimed=%v err=%v", claimed, err)
+				}
+			}
+			runs, err := stores[0].Runs(job.ID, 0)
+			if err != nil || len(runs) != 2 {
+				t.Fatalf("runs=%v err=%v", runs, err)
+			}
+			for n, i := range order {
+				if !runs[n].At.Equal(now.Add(time.Duration(i)*time.Minute)) || runs[n].ExitCode != i {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected run record: %+v", runs[n])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFireJobCompletionReadErrorDoesNotOverwriteState(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	store := cron.NewStore(cron.StoreOptions{RootDir: root})
+	now := time.Date(2026, 6, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	job, err := store.Add(cron.Job{Expr: "* * * * *", Prompt: "fire me", NextRunAt: now})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	metadata := filepath.Join(root, job.ID, "metadata.json")
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	fireJob(store, func() time.Time { return now }, job, &stdout, &stderr,
+		func(_ []string, _, _ io.Writer) int {
+			// A corrupt read must not cause completion to replace unknown newer state
+			// with the stale pre-execution job. This works without permission tricks.
+			if err := os.WriteFile(metadata, []byte("unreadable job"), 0o600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			return 0
+		})
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(metadata)
+	if err != nil || string(data) != "unreadable job" {
+		t.Fatalf("completion overwrote unreadable state: %q, err=%v", data, err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "failed to persist job state") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing persistence warning: %s", stderr.String())
+	}
+	if want := "fired " + job.ID + " -> exit 0 (next: unknown)\n"; stdout.String() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("completion summary = %q; want %q", stdout.String(), want)
+	}
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 0)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 1 || runs[0].ExitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("execution should still be recorded: runs=%v err=%v", runs, err)
+	}
+}
@@ -129,17 +129,15 @@ func reconcileOverdue(store *cron.Store, now func() time.Time, ids []string, std
 	}
 }

-// fireJob runs one job via the exec runner, records the outcome, advances the
-// schedule, and persists. The foreground loop is single-goroutine, so the
-// previous fire has already returned before the next tick — no overlap.
+// fireJob claims one job, runs it via the exec runner, and records the outcome.
+// Separate scheduler processes can have adjacent slots executing concurrently.
 func fireJob(store *cron.Store, now func() time.Time, job cron.Job, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, exec execRunner) {
 	fired := now()
 	// Atomically claim this fire before running it so concurrent schedulers (or
 	// --once overlapping the forever loop) can't both execute the same due job: the
 	// winner advances NextRunAt under the per-job lock, and a loser sees the
-	// advanced time and skips. The post-exec advance recomputes the same
-	// NextRunAt (sched.Next(fired) is deterministic), so the claim serializes the
-	// fire decision without changing any persisted schedule state (M9).
+	// advanced time and skips. Only the claim writes schedule state; completion
+	// must not overwrite a later slot's claim with this run's stale job copy.
 	claimed, claimErr := claimFire(store, fired, job.ID)
 	if claimErr != nil {
 		if errors.Is(claimErr, cron.ErrJobNotFound) {
@@ -178,44 +176,25 @@ func fireJob(store *cron.Store, now func() time.Time, job cron.Job, stdout io.Wr
 		rec.Error = cronTruncate(detail, 500)
 	}

-	job.FireCount++
-	// Advance the schedule. If the expression can no longer produce a future run
-	// (became invalid, or is an impossible spec whose Next is zero), pause the job
-	// so it cannot re-fire on every tick.
+	// Explain schedules that claimFire paused because they cannot advance.
 	if sched, perr := cron.Parse(job.Expr); perr != nil {
-		job.Status = cron.StatusPaused
 		if rec.Error == "" {
 			rec.Error = "invalid schedule; job paused: " + perr.Error()
 		}
 	} else if nxt := sched.Next(fired.Truncate(time.Minute)); nxt.IsZero() {
-		job.Status = cron.StatusPaused
 		if rec.Error == "" {
 			rec.Error = "schedule no longer fires; job paused"
 		}
-	} else {
-		// Minute-aligned input keeps this advance identical to claimFire's and lets
-		// the DST fall-back collapse guard engage (AUDIT-M4).
-		job.NextRunAt = nxt
 	}
-	// Re-read and persist the advanced state ATOMICALLY under the per-job lock. The
-	// job may have been paused or removed while it executed, and this in-memory copy
-	// is stale from tick start. Mutate closes the read-modify-write window a single
-	// scheduler alone could only narrow (Store.Mutate took a cross-process lock): a
-	// concurrent scheduler or an external pause/remove landing here can no longer be
-	// clobbered.
+	// Count this completion against current state under the cross-process lock.
+	// The claim already advanced or paused the schedule. Leave that state alone:
+	// another scheduler may have claimed a later slot or a user may have edited it.
 	persisted, err := store.Mutate(job.ID, func(current cron.Job, readErr error) (cron.Job, error) {
 		if readErr != nil {
-			// A transient read failure (IO/permission) is NOT removal — persist the
-			// computed next state anyway so the schedule advances and the job does not
-			// re-fire next tick.
-			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "warning: could not re-read job %s before persist: %v\n", job.ID, readErr)
-			return job, nil
-		}
-		current.FireCount = job.FireCount
-		current.NextRunAt = job.NextRunAt
-		if current.Status != cron.StatusPaused {
-			current.Status = job.Status
+			// Never replace unknown newer state with the pre-execution snapshot.
+			return current, readErr
 		}
+		current.FireCount++
 		return current, nil
 	})
 	if errors.Is(err, cron.ErrJobNotFound) {
@@ -229,19 +208,21 @@ func fireJob(store *cron.Store, now func() time.Time, job cron.Job, stdout io.Wr
 	if aerr := store.AppendRun(job.ID, rec); aerr != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "warning: failed to record run for %s: %v\n", job.ID, aerr)
 	}
+	next := "unknown"
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "warning: failed to persist job state for %s: %v\n", job.ID, err)
-		persisted = job
+	} else {
+		next = formatCronTime(persisted.NextRunAt)
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "fired %s -> exit %d (next: %s)\n", job.ID, code, formatCronTime(persisted.NextRunAt))
+	fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "fired %s -> exit %d (next: %s)\n", job.ID, code, next)
 }

 // claimFire atomically claims a due job's fire under the per-job lock and reports
 // whether THIS caller should run it. It returns false only when the job was paused
 // externally or another scheduler already advanced NextRunAt past `fired` (so a
 // valid recurring job never double-fires). A valid due job has its NextRunAt
-// advanced here to claim the slot; an invalid or exhausted schedule is left for the
-// caller to fire-once and pause (preserving existing single-scheduler behavior).
+// advanced here to claim the slot; an invalid or exhausted schedule is paused
+// here and the caller still fires once (preserving single-scheduler behavior).
 func claimFire(store *cron.Store, fired time.Time, id string) (bool, error) {
 	claimed := true
 	_, err := store.Mutate(id, func(current cron.Job, readErr error) (cron.Job, error) {
@@ -268,8 +249,8 @@ func claimFire(store *cron.Store, fired time.Time, id string) (bool, error) {
 		}
 		// Unparseable or unadvanceable schedule (an impossible spec whose Next is
 		// zero): pause the job inside this same locked claim so a concurrent scheduler
-		// sees a non-active job and does NOT also fire it. The winner still fires once
-		// and fireJob's post-exec keeps it paused. Without this, both callers leave
+		// sees a non-active job and does NOT also fire it. The winner still fires once.
+		// Without this, both callers leave
 		// NextRunAt unchanged, both see the job due, and both fire the same slot
 		// (AUDIT-M5).
 		current.Status = cron.StatusPaused
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestCronRunOnceFiresDueJobs(t *testing.T) {
 	if d.FireCount != 1 || !d.NextRunAt.After(now) {
 		t.Fatalf("due job not advanced: %+v", d)
 	}
-	runs, _ := store.Runs(due.ID)
+	runs, _ := store.Runs(due.ID, 0)
 	if len(runs) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 1 run record, got %d", len(runs))
 	}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func TestCronRunPausesUnadvanceableJob(t *testing.T) {
 	if d.Status != cron.StatusPaused {
 		t.Fatalf("unadvanceable job must be paused, got status=%q", d.Status)
 	}
-	runs, _ := store.Runs(job.ID)
+	runs, _ := store.Runs(job.ID, 0)
 	if len(runs) != 1 || runs[0].Error == "" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected one run record with an error, got %+v", runs)
 	}
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func runExec(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) in
 	// Refresh the models.dev pricing/limits cache in the background when stale;
 	// the overlay is read at registry construction from the cache file, so this
 	// benefits the next run and never blocks or fails this one.
-	go func() { _ = modelregistry.RefreshModelsDevCache(context.Background()) }()
+	modelregistry.StartModelsDevRefresh()

 	// A mode seeds model/effort/max-turns/tool filters as a preset. Expand it up
 	// front — before tool-filter validation and the --list-tools branch — so a
@@ -347,6 +347,17 @@ func runExec(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) in
 	} else if notice != "" {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "[zero] "+notice)
 	}
+	// Before any tool runs, and before the MCP servers and plugins below start
+	// through the same sandbox, so a run that goes ahead with reduced isolation
+	// says so where its output starts, not only when someone runs `zero doctor`.
+	// A notice that cannot be written stops the run, as the image and effort
+	// notices further down do: going ahead would mean reduced isolation and no
+	// warning delivered.
+	if notice := sandboxEngine.DegradedNotice(); notice != "" {
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "[zero] "+notice); err != nil {
+			return exitCrash
+		}
+	}
 	executionRunner.SetPreparer(sandboxEngine)
 	if permissionMode != agent.PermissionModePlan {
 		mcpRuntime, mcpSkip, err = registerMCPToolsForWorkspace(context.Background(), workspaceRoot, registry, deps, execMCPAutonomy(options), trustRoot, executionRunner)
@@ -452,20 +463,20 @@ func runExec(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) in
 	// escalation so post-switch turns are attributed to the escalated model.
 	currentModel := resolved.Provider.Model
 	// Optimized OpenAI turn sessions (ZERO_OPENAI_TURN_SESSION, default off). nil
-	// when gated off or the profile is ineligible: agent.Run then wraps the
-	// provider in its default adapter. This is the run's STARTING session provider
-	// and is used whether or not escalation is enabled.
-	turnSessions, _ := providers.OptimizedTurnSessions(resolved.Provider, provider, providers.Options{})
+	// when gated off or ineligible, unless a configured RPM limiter needs to
+	// wrap the default adapter. The limiter is shared across model switches.
+	sessionOptions := providers.Options{ModelRPM: zeroruntime.NewModelRPMLimiter(resolved.ModelRPM)}
+	turnSessions, _ := providers.ConfiguredTurnSessions(resolved.Provider, provider, sessionOptions)
 	// Both switchers come from one shared builder so exec and the interactive TUI
 	// cannot drift on the nil contracts the agent loop depends on. The session
-	// switcher is nil unless this run STARTED optimized, which is what keeps a
-	// default-adapter run on the default adapter.
+	// switcher preserves the starting transport and shares the RPM limiter.
 	var modelSwitcher func(context.Context, string) (agent.Provider, error)
 	var modelSessionSwitcher func(context.Context, string) (zeroruntime.TurnSessionProvider, error)
 	if options.allowEscalation {
 		modelSwitcher, modelSessionSwitcher = providers.EscalationSwitchers(
 			resolved.Provider, provider, deps.newProvider,
 			func(modelID string) { currentModel = modelID },
+			sessionOptions,
 		)
 	}

@@ -660,6 +671,9 @@ func runExec(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) in
 		ContextWindowFor: func(modelID string) int {
 			return modelregistry.AgentContextWindow(modelContextWindow(modelRegistry, modelID))
 		},
+		SupportsVision: func(modelID string) bool {
+			return modelregistry.SupportsVision(modelRegistry, modelID)
+		},
 		ReasoningEffort: forwardEffort,
 		Trace:           traceRecorder,
 		Cwd:             workspaceRoot,
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func TestRunExecListsFilteredToolsWithoutPromptOrProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d: %s", exitSuccess, exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 	if providerBuilt {
 		t.Fatal("provider should not be constructed for --list-tools")
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ func TestRunExecListsToolsAsStreamJSONWhenRequested(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d: %s", exitSuccess, exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 	if providerBuilt {
 		t.Fatal("provider should not be constructed for --list-tools")
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ func TestRunExecListsMCPToolsWithoutProviderConstruction(t *testing.T) {
 	if !closed {
 		t.Fatal("MCP runtime was not closed after --list-tools")
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "mcp_docs_lookup") || !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "Lookup documentation") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected MCP tool in list output, got %q", stdout.String())
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ func TestRunExecStreamJSONOutputsRunEndAndRecordsSession(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d: %s", exitSuccess, exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}

 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout.String())
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ func TestRunExecStreamJSONEmitsAndRecordsPermissionEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d: %s", exitSuccess, exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}

 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout.String())
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ func TestRunExecStreamJSONEmitsAndRecordsPermissionEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("approved exec exit = %d, stderr = %q", exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.String() != "" {
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
 		t.Fatalf("approved exec wrote stderr = %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 	approvedEvents := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout.String())
@@ -118,12 +118,15 @@ func runExecSpecDraft(run execSpecDraftRun) int {
 	hookDispatcher, hookSkip := newHookDispatcher(run.workspaceRoot, run.trustRoot, execution.NewRunner(run.sandboxEngine))
 	emitTrustNotice(run.stderr, hookSkip, run.mcpSkip)
 	result, err := agent.Run(runCtx, run.prompt, run.provider, agent.Options{
-		MaxTurns:        run.resolved.MaxTurns,
-		ContextWindow:   resolveAgentContextWindow(runCtx, run.modelRegistry, run.resolved.Provider),
-		SessionID:       draftSession.SessionID,
-		SessionTitle:    run.sessionTitle,
-		ProviderName:    run.resolved.Provider.Name,
-		Model:           run.resolved.Provider.Model,
+		MaxTurns:      run.resolved.MaxTurns,
+		ContextWindow: resolveAgentContextWindow(runCtx, run.modelRegistry, run.resolved.Provider),
+		SessionID:     draftSession.SessionID,
+		SessionTitle:  run.sessionTitle,
+		ProviderName:  run.resolved.Provider.Name,
+		Model:         run.resolved.Provider.Model,
+		SupportsVision: func(modelID string) bool {
+			return modelregistry.SupportsVision(run.modelRegistry, modelID)
+		},
 		ReasoningEffort: run.reasoningEffort,
 		Profile:         run.profilePolicy,
 		Cwd:             run.workspaceRoot,
@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@ func TestRunExecAcceptsLegacyModelProfileFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout, "hello") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected prompt output, got %q", stdout)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}
 }

@@ -696,8 +696,8 @@ func TestRunExecAssemblesInlineAndFilePromptRelativeToCwd(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout, "inline prompt\n\nfile prompt") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected inline and file prompt joined by blank line, got %q", stdout)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}
 }

@@ -715,8 +715,8 @@ func TestRunExecAcceptsFileOnlyPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(stdout, "file only prompt") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected file prompt output, got %q", stdout)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}
 }

@@ -798,8 +798,8 @@ func TestRunExecJSONOutputsNDJSONEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code 0, got %d: %s", exitCode, stderr)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}

 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout)
@@ -833,8 +833,8 @@ func TestRunExecResolvesCanonicalModelAlias(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code 0, got %d: %s", exitCode, stderr)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr for active model, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice for active model, got %q", stderr)
 	}
 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout)
 	if got := events[0]["model"]; got != "gpt-4.1" {
@@ -926,8 +926,8 @@ func TestRunExecJSONUnsafeOutputsWarningEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code 0, got %d: %s", exitCode, stderr)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}

 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout)
@@ -970,10 +970,10 @@ func TestRunExecUsesProjectConfigAndOpenAICompatibleProvider(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "local",
 			"provider_kind": "openai-compatible",
 			"base_url": "` + server.URL + `",
-			"api_key": "sk-local",
-			"model": "local-model"
-		}]
-	}`
+		"api_key": "sk-local",
+		"model": "local-model"
+	}]
+}`
 	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(configDir, "config.json"), []byte(writeConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -988,8 +988,8 @@ func TestRunExecUsesProjectConfigAndOpenAICompatibleProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()) != "provider ok" {
 		t.Fatalf("stdout = %q, want provider response", stdout.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr.String())
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr.String())
 	}
 	if gotAuth != "Bearer sk-local" {
 		t.Fatalf("Authorization = %q, want project config token", gotAuth)
@@ -1204,8 +1204,8 @@ func TestRunExecAutoHighEmitsUnsafeWarning(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("expected exit code %d, got %d: %s", exitSuccess, exitCode, stderr)
 	}
-	if stderr != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected empty stderr, got %q", stderr)
+	if stderr != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no stderr beyond this host's sandbox notice, got %q", stderr)
 	}

 	events := decodeJSONLines(t, stdout)
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestRunExecListToolsHonorsDisabledLocalControlConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("exitCode = %d stdout=%s stderr=%s", exitCode, stdout.String(), stderr.String())
 	}
-	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
+	if stderr.String() != hostSandboxNotice(t) {
 		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q, want empty", stderr.String())
 	}
 	var payload struct {
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/mcp"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tools"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tui"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type rpmExecProvider struct{ calls int }
+
+func (p *rpmExecProvider) StreamCompletion(context.Context, zeroruntime.CompletionRequest) (<-chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent, error) {
+	p.calls++
+	ch := make(chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent, 4)
+	if p.calls == 1 {
+		ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallStart, ToolCallID: "fixture", ToolName: "read_file"}
+		ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallDelta, ToolCallID: "fixture", ArgumentsFragment: `{"path":"missing-fixture.txt"}`}
+		ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventToolCallEnd, ToolCallID: "fixture"}
+	} else {
+		ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventText, Content: "unexpected second completion"}
+	}
+	ch <- zeroruntime.StreamEvent{Type: zeroruntime.StreamEventDone}
+	close(ch)
+	return ch, nil
+}
+func rpmTestDeps(t *testing.T, p *rpmExecProvider) appDeps {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	for _, k := range []string{"HOME", "USERPROFILE", "APPDATA", "LOCALAPPDATA", "XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "XDG_CACHE_HOME", "XDG_DATA_HOME", "XDG_STATE_HOME"} {
+		t.Setenv(k, root)
+	}
+	return appDeps{getwd: func() (string, error) { return root, nil }, resolveConfig: func(string, config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+		c := execResolvedConfig()
+		c.ModelRPM = map[string]int{c.Provider.Model: 1}
+		return c, nil
+	}, newProvider: func(config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) { return p, nil }, registerMCPTools: func(context.Context, *tools.Registry, config.MCPConfig, mcp.RegisterOptions) (mcpToolRuntime, error) {
+		return noopMCPRuntime{}, nil
+	}}
+}
+func TestRunExecRPMRefusesSecondCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &rpmExecProvider{}
+	deps := rpmTestDeps(t, p)
+	var out, err bytes.Buffer
+	code := runWithDeps([]string{"exec", "fixture"}, &out, &err, deps)
+	if code != exitProvider || p.calls != 1 || !strings.Contains(err.String(), "Local modelRPM cap reached") {
+		t.Fatalf("exit=%d calls=%d stdout=%s stderr=%s", code, p.calls, out.String(), err.String())
+	}
+}
+func TestInteractiveRPMFactorySharesWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &rpmExecProvider{}
+	deps := rpmTestDeps(t, p)
+	launched := false
+	deps.runTUI = func(ctx context.Context, o tui.Options) int {
+		launched = true
+		if o.ModelRPM == nil {
+			t.Fatal("TUI escalation lacks limiter")
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+			ss := o.NewTurnSessionProvider(o.ProviderProfile, p)
+			s, e := ss.OpenTurnSession(ctx)
+			if e != nil {
+				t.Fatal(e)
+			}
+			_, e = s.Stream(ctx, zeroruntime.CompletionRequest{})
+			var hit *zeroruntime.RPMLimitError
+			if (i == 0 && e != nil) || (i == 1 && !errors.As(e, &hit)) {
+				t.Fatalf("run=%d err=%v", i, e)
+			}
+		}
+		return exitSuccess
+	}
+	var out, err bytes.Buffer
+	code := runWithDeps(nil, &out, &err, deps)
+	if !launched || code != exitSuccess || p.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("launched=%v exit=%d calls=%d stderr=%s", launched, code, p.calls, err.String())
+	}
+}
@@ -49,8 +49,15 @@ func TestLocalAdoptionSavesAndReloadsEligibleModel(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}))
 	defer server.Close()
+	// A test-sized probe deadline. DetectLocalRuntimes defaults to 400ms and
+	// treats a timeout as "runtime not running", so under -race on a busy runner
+	// one slow loopback round trip can silently drop the candidate. Timeout
+	// enforcement is covered separately in provideronboarding:
+	// TestDetectLocalRuntimesAppliesDefaultTimeout pins it with an explicit
+	// 20ms deadline.
 	detected := provideronboarding.DetectLocalRuntimes(context.Background(), provideronboarding.LocalDetectOptions{
 		HTTPClient: server.Client(),
+		Timeout:    5 * time.Second,
 		Candidates: []provideronboarding.LocalRuntime{{CatalogID: "atomic-chat-local", Name: "Atomic Chat Local", DefaultModel: "local-model", BaseURL: server.URL + "/v1"}},
 	})
 	if len(detected) != 1 {
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ func TestProviderCatalogRuntimeProvidersShowOnboardingSetupHints(t *testing.T) {
 		{id: "groq", name: "Groq", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "llama-3.3-70b-versatile"},
 		{id: "longcat", name: "LongCat", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "LongCat-2.0"},
 		{id: "fireworks", name: "Fireworks AI", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "accounts/fireworks/models/kimi-k2p7-code"},
+		{id: "gmicloud", name: "GMI Cloud", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "Qwen/Qwen3.8-Max"},
+		{id: "concentrate", name: "Concentrate", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "deepseek-v4-flash-0731"},
 		{id: "ollama-cloud", name: "Ollama Cloud", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "qwen3-coder:480b"},
 		{id: "ollama", name: "Ollama Local", transport: "openai-compatible", defaultModel: "llama3.1"},
 	}
@@ -542,9 +542,9 @@ func providerResolvedByName(providers []config.ProviderProfile, name string) boo
 // reports the situation plainly instead of that confusing error (issue
 // #707).
 func reportUnpersistedProviderUse(stdout, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, options providerUseOptions, configPath string) (int, bool) {
-	resolved, exitCode := resolveCommandCenterConfig(stderr, deps)
+	resolved, exitCode := resolveProviderManagementConfig(stderr, deps)
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
-		// resolveCommandCenterConfig already wrote its own error to stderr;
+		// resolveProviderManagementConfig already wrote its own error to stderr;
 		// stop here instead of letting the caller try SetActiveProvider too.
 		return exitCode, true
 	}
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ func reportUnpersistedProviderUse(stdout, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, option
 // name isn't resolvable at all, it returns handled=false so the caller falls
 // through to RemoveProvider's real "not found" error.
 func reportUnpersistedProviderRemove(stdout, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, name string, jsonOutput bool, configPath string) (int, bool) {
-	resolved, exitCode := resolveCommandCenterConfig(stderr, deps)
+	resolved, exitCode := resolveProviderManagementConfig(stderr, deps)
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		return exitCode, true
 	}
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ func reportUnpersistedProviderRemove(stdout, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, nam
 }

 func reportUnpersistedProviderRename(stdout, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps, name string, jsonOutput bool, configPath string) (int, bool) {
-	resolved, exitCode := resolveCommandCenterConfig(stderr, deps)
+	resolved, exitCode := resolveProviderManagementConfig(stderr, deps)
 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		return exitCode, true
 	}
@@ -189,12 +189,11 @@ func TestRunProvidersUseSurfacesMalformedConfig(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunProvidersUseEnvDerivedJSONIncludesConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "sk-env")
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})

-	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "use", "openai", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerSetupDeps(configPath))
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "use", "openai", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env"}))

 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
@@ -212,12 +211,11 @@ func TestRunProvidersUseEnvDerivedJSONIncludesConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunProvidersRemoveEnvDerivedJSONKeepsSchema(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "sk-env")
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})

-	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "remove", "openai", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerSetupDeps(configPath))
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "remove", "openai", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env"}))

 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
@@ -237,12 +235,11 @@ func TestRunProvidersRemoveEnvDerivedJSONKeepsSchema(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunProvidersRenameEnvDerivedExplainsNoSavedProfile(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "sk-env")
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})

-	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "rename", "openai", "renamed"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerSetupDeps(configPath))
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "rename", "openai", "renamed"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env"}))

 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
@@ -253,12 +250,11 @@ func TestRunProvidersRenameEnvDerivedExplainsNoSavedProfile(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunProvidersRenameEnvDerivedJSONKeepsSchema(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "sk-env")
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})

-	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "rename", "openai", "renamed", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerSetupDeps(configPath))
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "rename", "openai", "renamed", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, map[string]string{"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env"}))

 	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
 		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
@@ -276,6 +272,229 @@ func TestRunProvidersRenameEnvDerivedJSONKeepsSchema(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// Two env-derived providers and no saved active provider is the case issue
+// #1130 reports: the resolver only elects an active provider by itself when
+// there is exactly one, so `providers list/use/remove/rename` used to exit 3
+// with `active provider "" not found` before doing anything.
+func TestRunProvidersSubcommandsWithMultipleEnvDerivedProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env",
+		"GEMINI_API_KEY": "gem-env",
+	}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "list", args: []string{"providers", "list"}, want: "openai"},
+		{name: "list json", args: []string{"providers", "list", "--json"}, want: `"name": "openai"`},
+		{name: "use", args: []string{"providers", "use", "openai"}, want: "is not saved in config.json"},
+		{name: "remove", args: []string{"providers", "remove", "openai"}, want: "nothing to remove there"},
+		{name: "rename", args: []string{"providers", "rename", "openai", "renamed"}, want: "no saved profile to rename"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+			writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})
+			var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+			exitCode := runWithDeps(tt.args, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, env))
+
+			if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+				t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("stdout = %q, want it to contain %q", stdout.String(), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunProvidersListShowsEveryEnvDerivedProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env",
+		"GEMINI_API_KEY": "gem-env",
+	}
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "list", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, env))
+
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	var payload struct {
+		Providers []struct {
+			Name string `json:"name"`
+		} `json:"providers"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	names := make(map[string]bool, len(payload.Providers))
+	for _, provider := range payload.Providers {
+		names[provider.Name] = true
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"openai", "google"} {
+		if !names[want] {
+			t.Fatalf("providers = %v, want %q listed", names, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The provider-management commands report what is CONFIGURED, not what a run
+// would use: with env-derived providers and no saved active provider they must
+// not present any provider as selected. Electing firstUsableProvider in
+// resolveCommandCenterConfig made `providers current` claim `openai` while
+// `zero exec` in the same environment still exited 3 with `no active provider
+// configured` — and it read the OAuth store on this path (maintainer review of
+// this PR).
+func TestRunProvidersSubcommandsElectNoActiveProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env",
+		"GEMINI_API_KEY": "gem-env",
+	}
+	deps := func(t *testing.T) appDeps {
+		configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+		writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})
+		return providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, env)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("current shows nothing selected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+		exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "current"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps(t))
+
+		if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+			t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "(none)") {
+			t.Fatalf("stdout = %q, want an empty selection", stdout.String())
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(stdout.String(), "openai") {
+			t.Fatalf("stdout = %q, want no provider elected as current", stdout.String())
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("list marks nothing active", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+		exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "list", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps(t))
+
+		if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+			t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+		}
+		var payload struct {
+			Providers []struct {
+				Name   string `json:"name"`
+				Active bool   `json:"active"`
+			} `json:"providers"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+		}
+		if len(payload.Providers) < 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("providers = %+v, want both env-derived profiles listed", payload.Providers)
+		}
+		for _, provider := range payload.Providers {
+			if provider.Active {
+				t.Fatalf("provider %q marked active, want nothing active", provider.Name)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("use json leaves activeProvider empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+		exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "use", "openai", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, deps(t))
+
+		if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+			t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+		}
+		var payload struct {
+			ActiveProvider string `json:"activeProvider"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+		}
+		if payload.ActiveProvider != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("activeProvider = %q, want it empty for an unpersisted selection", payload.ActiveProvider)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// A base-URL-only environment (OPENAI_BASE_URL / GEMINI_BASE_URL set, no API
+// keys) is the other half of issue #1130: electing firstUsableProvider made
+// `providers list` exit 3 because the election demands a credential. The list
+// must succeed and still mark nothing active. The resolver itself keeps only
+// the keyless openai-compatible profile here (a google profile without a
+// credential is dropped during normalization), so `openai` is the expected
+// entry — pinning that as-is keeps this test about the COMMAND, not the
+// resolver.
+func TestRunProvidersListWithBaseURLOnlyProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"OPENAI_BASE_URL": "https://openai.proxy.example.com/v1",
+		"GEMINI_BASE_URL": "https://gemini.proxy.example.com",
+	}
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"providers", "list", "--json"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, env))
+
+	if exitCode != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d: %s", exitCode, exitSuccess, stderr.String())
+	}
+	var payload struct {
+		Providers []struct {
+			Name   string `json:"name"`
+			Active bool   `json:"active"`
+		} `json:"providers"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode JSON: %v\n%s", err, stdout.String())
+	}
+	names := make(map[string]bool, len(payload.Providers))
+	for _, provider := range payload.Providers {
+		if provider.Active {
+			t.Fatalf("provider %q marked active, want nothing active", provider.Name)
+		}
+		names[provider.Name] = true
+	}
+	if !names["openai"] {
+		t.Fatalf("providers = %v, want the base-URL-only openai profile listed", names)
+	}
+}
+
+// `zero config` is NOT one of the provider-management commands: it reports the
+// resolved configuration, so a missing active provider has to stay actionable
+// (the headless contract the resolver documents for `zero config` / `zero
+// exec`). Only the interactive TUI recovers from that state.
+func TestRunConfigSummaryStillFailsWithNoActiveProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"OPENAI_API_KEY": "sk-env",
+		"GEMINI_API_KEY": "gem-env",
+	}
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	writeProviderOnboardingConfig(t, configPath, config.FileConfig{})
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"config"}, &stdout, &stderr, providerEnvSetupDeps(t, configPath, env))
+
+	if exitCode == exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want the actionable resolve error: %s", exitCode, stdout.String())
+	}
+	message := stderr.String()
+	if message == "" {
+		message = stdout.String()
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(message, "no active provider configured") {
+		t.Fatalf("output = %q / %q, want the actionable resolve error", stdout.String(), stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRunProvidersUseRejectsUsageErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/mcp"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sandbox"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tools"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/tui"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/zeroruntime"
+)
+
+// hostSandboxNotice is the degraded-sandbox line exec prints on THIS machine for
+// a run under the default sandbox policy, or "" where the sandbox is not
+// degraded. Exec tests that expect a quiet stderr compare against it rather than
+// against "": unless a test pins a backend, the run gets the host's own, and a
+// Linux runner without the sandbox helper is degraded where macOS and Windows
+// are not.
+func hostSandboxNotice(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	engine := sandbox.NewEngine(sandbox.EngineOptions{
+		WorkspaceRoot: t.TempDir(),
+		Policy:        sandbox.DefaultPolicy(),
+		Backend:       sandbox.SelectBackend(sandbox.BackendOptions{}),
+	})
+	notice := engine.DegradedNotice()
+	if notice == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "[zero] " + notice + "\n"
+}
+
+// clearSandboxNestingMarkers keeps a test that pins the notice from inheriting
+// the nesting markers when the suite itself runs inside a Zero sandbox.
+func clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv(sandbox.EnvSandboxed, "")
+	t.Setenv(sandbox.EnvSandboxBackend, "")
+}
+
+// unavailableTestSandbox is the backend a Linux box without the helper gets,
+// pinned so a test sees the degraded case on every platform.
+func unavailableTestSandbox(sandbox.BackendOptions) sandbox.Backend {
+	return sandbox.Backend{Name: sandbox.BackendUnavailable, Platform: "linux", Fallback: true, Message: "Linux sandbox helper is not available"}
+}
+
+const unavailableTestSandboxNotice = "[zero] Sandbox enforcement is degraded: Linux sandbox helper is not available. See `zero sandbox policy --effective`.\n"
+
+func runExecWithSandbox(t *testing.T, args []string, backend func(sandbox.BackendOptions) sandbox.Backend, sandboxConfig config.SandboxConfig) (int, string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	isolateCLIUserState(t)
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	exitCode := runWithDeps(args, &stdout, &stderr, appDeps{
+		getwd: func() (string, error) { return cwd, nil },
+		resolveConfig: func(string, config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+			return config.ResolvedConfig{
+				ActiveProvider: "echo",
+				Provider: config.ProviderProfile{
+					Name:         "echo",
+					ProviderKind: config.ProviderKindOpenAICompatible,
+					BaseURL:      "http://127.0.0.1/v1",
+					Model:        "echo-model",
+				},
+				MaxTurns: 3,
+				Sandbox:  sandboxConfig,
+			}, nil
+		},
+		newProvider: func(config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) {
+			return echoExecProvider{}, nil
+		},
+		selectSandboxBackend: backend,
+	})
+	return exitCode, stdout.String(), stderr.String()
+}
+
+// A RUN THAT GOES AHEAD WITH REDUCED ISOLATION SAYS SO. Before this only `zero
+// doctor` and `zero sandbox policy` did, so `zero exec` ran every tool with the
+// native sandbox effectively off and printed nothing about it. #1041.
+func TestExecSaysOnStderrWhenTheSandboxIsDegraded(t *testing.T) {
+	clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t)
+	exitCode, _, stderr := runExecWithSandbox(t, []string{"exec", "hello"}, unavailableTestSandbox, config.SandboxConfig{})
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, stderr %q", exitCode, stderr)
+	}
+	if stderr != unavailableTestSandboxNotice {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q, want exactly the degraded notice %q", stderr, unavailableTestSandboxNotice)
+	}
+}
+
+// The notice goes to stderr in the JSON modes as well, so stdout stays one JSON
+// object per line for whatever reads it.
+func TestExecKeepsTheDegradedNoticeOffStdoutInJSONMode(t *testing.T) {
+	clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t)
+	exitCode, stdout, stderr := runExecWithSandbox(t, []string{"exec", "--output-format", "json", "hello"}, unavailableTestSandbox, config.SandboxConfig{})
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, stderr %q", exitCode, stderr)
+	}
+	if stderr != unavailableTestSandboxNotice {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q, want exactly the degraded notice", stderr)
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(stdout), "\n") {
+		var event map[string]any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &event); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("stdout carries a line that is not JSON: %q (%v)", line, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A sandbox the user turned off is their choice, not a degradation.
+func TestExecSaysNothingWhenTheSandboxIsTurnedOff(t *testing.T) {
+	clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t)
+	off := false
+	exitCode, _, stderr := runExecWithSandbox(t, []string{"exec", "hello"}, unavailableTestSandbox, config.SandboxConfig{Enabled: &off})
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, stderr %q", exitCode, stderr)
+	}
+	if stderr != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("stderr = %q, want nothing for a disabled sandbox", stderr)
+	}
+}
+
+// countingExecProvider is echoExecProvider, counting the completions it streams.
+type countingExecProvider struct {
+	echoExecProvider
+	streamed *int
+}
+
+func (provider countingExecProvider) StreamCompletion(ctx context.Context, request zeroruntime.CompletionRequest) (<-chan zeroruntime.StreamEvent, error) {
+	*provider.streamed++
+	return provider.echoExecProvider.StreamCompletion(ctx, request)
+}
+
+// A degraded notice that cannot be written stops the run before the model is
+// asked for anything, as the image and effort notices do, instead of going ahead
+// with reduced isolation and no warning delivered.
+func TestExecStopsWhenTheDegradedNoticeCannotBeWritten(t *testing.T) {
+	clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t)
+	isolateCLIUserState(t)
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	streamed := 0
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{"exec", "hello"}, &stdout, failingWriter{}, appDeps{
+		getwd: func() (string, error) { return cwd, nil },
+		resolveConfig: func(string, config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+			return config.ResolvedConfig{
+				ActiveProvider: "echo",
+				Provider: config.ProviderProfile{
+					Name:         "echo",
+					ProviderKind: config.ProviderKindOpenAICompatible,
+					BaseURL:      "http://127.0.0.1/v1",
+					Model:        "echo-model",
+				},
+				MaxTurns: 3,
+			}, nil
+		},
+		newProvider: func(config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) {
+			return countingExecProvider{streamed: &streamed}, nil
+		},
+		selectSandboxBackend: unavailableTestSandbox,
+	})
+	if exitCode != exitCrash {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, want %d when the degraded notice cannot be written", exitCode, exitCrash)
+	}
+	if streamed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("the model was asked %d times: the run went ahead without its warning", streamed)
+	}
+}
+
+// launchTUIWithSandbox runs the root command the way a bare `zero` does, with
+// the sandbox backend pinned to the unavailable one, and returns the options the
+// TUI would have started with.
+func launchTUIWithSandbox(t *testing.T, sandboxConfig config.SandboxConfig) tui.Options {
+	t.Helper()
+	isolateCLIUserState(t)
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cwd := t.TempDir()
+	var launched tui.Options
+	exitCode := runWithDeps([]string{}, &stdout, &stderr, appDeps{
+		getwd: func() (string, error) { return cwd, nil },
+		resolveConfig: func(string, config.Overrides) (config.ResolvedConfig, error) {
+			return config.ResolvedConfig{MaxTurns: 12, Sandbox: sandboxConfig}, nil
+		},
+		newProvider: func(config.ProviderProfile) (zeroruntime.Provider, error) {
+			t.Fatal("newProvider should not be called without a resolved provider")
+			return nil, nil
+		},
+		registerMCPTools: func(context.Context, *tools.Registry, config.MCPConfig, mcp.RegisterOptions) (mcpToolRuntime, error) {
+			return noopMCPRuntime{}, nil
+		},
+		selectSandboxBackend: unavailableTestSandbox,
+		runTUI: func(_ context.Context, options tui.Options) int {
+			launched = options
+			return 0
+		},
+	})
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("exit code = %d, stderr %q", exitCode, stderr.String())
+	}
+	return launched
+}
+
+// The TUI shows the same notice when the session opens, taken from the engine
+// its commands run through.
+func TestTUILaunchCarriesTheDegradedNotice(t *testing.T) {
+	clearSandboxNestingMarkers(t)
+	for _, testCase := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		sandbox config.SandboxConfig
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{name: "degraded", want: true},
+		{name: "turned off", sandbox: config.SandboxConfig{Enabled: func() *bool { off := false; return &off }()}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			launched := launchTUIWithSandbox(t, testCase.sandbox)
+			var notices []string
+			for _, notice := range launched.StartupNotices {
+				if strings.TrimSpace(notice) != "" {
+					notices = append(notices, notice)
+				}
+			}
+			want := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(unavailableTestSandboxNotice, "[zero] "), "\n")
+			if testCase.want && (len(notices) != 1 || notices[0] != want) {
+				t.Fatalf("StartupNotices = %q, want exactly %q", notices, want)
+			}
+			if !testCase.want && len(notices) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("StartupNotices = %q, want none", notices)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -485,6 +485,88 @@ func TestTUISandboxSetupCommandGatedToWindowsNativeBackend(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRunSandboxPolicyJSONGoldenIncludesManagerBaselineFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// Pin before any t.TempDir so an ambient temp dir cannot reach the snapshot.
+	// Unix reads TMPDIR (and always considers /tmp). Windows reads TEMP and TMP.
+	// XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not a temp write-root candidate.
+	pinSandboxPolicyGoldenTempEnv(t)
+	assertSandboxPolicyJSONGolden(t, "")
+}
+
+// TestRunSandboxPolicyJSONGoldenNestedTempDir stages the temp-dir shape from
+// #1121 and then pins over it. On Unix that shape is a TMPDIR inside /tmp; on
+// Windows it is TMP inside TEMP. NewScope drops the inner root, the policy
+// JSON still lists it, and the golden normalizer leaves it behind. The pin
+// replaces those variables before the snapshot, so the golden matches and the
+// nested path does not survive. The directories come from t.TempDir, never
+// from the package working directory, so a checkout under /tmp is not special.
+func TestRunSandboxPolicyJSONGoldenNestedTempDir(t *testing.T) {
+	nested := stageNestedSandboxTempEnv(t)
+	pinSandboxPolicyGoldenTempEnv(t)
+	normalized := assertSandboxPolicyJSONGolden(t, "")
+	if strings.Contains(normalized, nested) || strings.Contains(normalized, filepath.ToSlash(nested)) {
+		t.Fatalf("normalized policy leaked nested temp root %q:\n%s", nested, normalized)
+	}
+}
+
+// stageNestedSandboxTempEnv installs the leaking temp-dir shape and returns
+// the inner path. The caller pins afterward. Skip, rather than fail, when
+// that shape cannot be built.
+func stageNestedSandboxTempEnv(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		outer := t.TempDir()
+		inner := filepath.Join(outer, "inner")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(inner, 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Skipf("create nested TEMP/TMP: %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Setenv("TEMP", outer)
+		t.Setenv("TMP", inner)
+		return inner
+	}
+	resolvedTmp, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks("/tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("resolve /tmp: %v", err)
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(resolvedTmp)
+	if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+		t.Skip("/tmp is not a directory; cannot stage a nested TMPDIR")
+	}
+	// t.TempDir is a child of os.TempDir(). A further child is the ambient
+	// case: TMPDIR inside the hard-coded /tmp candidate.
+	nested := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(nested, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("create nested TMPDIR: %v", err)
+	}
+	resolvedNested, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(nested)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("resolve nested TMPDIR: %v", err)
+	}
+	rel, err := filepath.Rel(resolvedTmp, resolvedNested)
+	if err != nil || rel == "." || rel == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) || filepath.IsAbs(rel) {
+		t.Skipf("temp dir %q is not inside /tmp; cannot stage the nested TMPDIR case", resolvedNested)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("TMPDIR", resolvedNested)
+	return resolvedNested
+}
+
+// pinSandboxPolicyGoldenTempEnv fixes the temp variables
+// defaultTempWriteRootCandidatesForGOOS reads so the golden does not depend on
+// the process environment. An empty TMPDIR leaves the Unix hard-coded /tmp as
+// the only candidate. TEMP and TMP name one directory so neither is nested in
+// the other.
+func pinSandboxPolicyGoldenTempEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("TEMP", dir)
+		t.Setenv("TMP", dir)
+		return
+	}
+	t.Setenv("TMPDIR", "")
+}
+
+func assertSandboxPolicyJSONGolden(t *testing.T, mustList string) string {
+	t.Helper()
 	// Point all user-config roots at an empty directory so the platform-specific
 	// credential deny baseline can be asserted without leaking host paths into
 	// the platform-neutral golden comparison.
@@ -526,8 +608,8 @@ func TestRunSandboxPolicyJSONGoldenIncludesManagerBaselineFields(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("policy exit = %d, stderr %q", exitCode, stderr.String())
 	}

-	got := stdout.String()
-	got = replacePathToken(got, workspace, "$WORKSPACE")
+	raw := stdout.String()
+	got := replacePathToken(raw, workspace, "$WORKSPACE")
 	got = replacePathToken(got, store.FilePath(), "$GRANTS")
 	gotBytes := normalizeSandboxPolicyGoldenTempRoots(t, []byte(got), workspace, emptyHome)
 	wantBytes, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", "sandbox_policy_windows_unavailable.golden.json"))
@@ -537,6 +619,10 @@ func TestRunSandboxPolicyJSONGoldenIncludesManagerBaselineFields(t *testing.T) {
 	if !jsonValuesEqual(t, wantBytes, gotBytes) {
 		t.Fatalf("policy JSON golden mismatch\nwant:\n%s\ngot:\n%s", string(wantBytes), string(gotBytes))
 	}
+	if mustList != "" && !strings.Contains(raw, mustList) {
+		t.Fatalf("policy JSON did not list pinned temp root %q\n%s", mustList, raw)
+	}
+	return string(gotBytes)
 }

 func normalizeSandboxPolicyGoldenTempRoots(t *testing.T, gotBytes []byte, workspace string, emptyHome string) []byte {
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/gitsafe"
 )

 type scratchFileBaseline map[string]bool
@@ -78,7 +80,13 @@ func gitUntrackedFiles(workspaceRoot string) ([]string, bool) {

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-	output, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", "-C", workspaceRoot, "status", "--porcelain", "-z", "--untracked-files=all").Output()
+	// gitsafe keeps the workspace's own git config from running a program, and
+	// --ignore-submodules=dirty keeps git out of submodule work trees.
+	command, err := gitsafe.Command(ctx, workspaceRoot, "status", "--porcelain", "-z", "--untracked-files=all", "--ignore-submodules=dirty")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	output, err := command.Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		// Not a git repo (or git failed for some other reason) — nothing
 		// reliable to report against, so stay silent rather than guess.
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ type sessionCommandOptions struct {
 	excludeTarget  bool
 	preserveLast   int
 	maxPromptChars int
+	olderThan      string
+	dryRun         bool
 }

 func runSessions(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) int {
@@ -72,6 +74,11 @@ func runSessions(args []string, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps
 			return writeExecUsageError(stderr, "sessions compact-plan requires a session id")
 		}
 		return runSessionsCompactPlan(store, remaining[0], options, stdout, stderr)
+	case "prune":
+		if len(remaining) != 0 {
+			return writeExecUsageError(stderr, "sessions prune does not accept positional arguments")
+		}
+		return runSessionsPrune(store, options, stdout, stderr, deps)
 	default:
 		return writeExecUsageError(stderr, fmt.Sprintf("unknown sessions command %q", command))
 	}
@@ -91,6 +98,8 @@ func parseSessionsArgs(args []string) (string, []string, sessionCommandOptions,
 			options.json = true
 		case "--exclude-target":
 			options.excludeTarget = true
+		case "--dry-run":
+			options.dryRun = true
 		case "--kind":
 			value, next, err := nextFlagValue(args, index, arg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -168,6 +177,21 @@ func parseSessionsArgs(args []string) (string, []string, sessionCommandOptions,
 				}
 				options.preserveLast = preserveLast
 				continue
+			case arg == "--older-than":
+				value, next, err := nextFlagValue(args, index, arg)
+				if err != nil {
+					return command, remaining, options, false, err
+				}
+				options.olderThan = value
+				index = next
+				continue
+			case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--older-than="):
+				value, err := parseNonEmptySessionsFlag("--older-than", strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "--older-than="))
+				if err != nil {
+					return command, remaining, options, false, err
+				}
+				options.olderThan = value
+				continue
 			case arg == "--max-prompt-chars":
 				value, next, err := nextFlagValue(args, index, arg)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -225,7 +249,7 @@ func parseSessionKindFlag(value string) (sessions.SessionKind, error) {

 func isSessionsCommand(command string) bool {
 	switch command {
-	case "list", "children", "lineage", "tree", "rewind-plan", "rewind", "compact-plan":
+	case "list", "children", "lineage", "tree", "rewind-plan", "rewind", "compact-plan", "prune":
 		return true
 	default:
 		return false
@@ -244,6 +268,9 @@ func validateSessionCommandFlags(command string, options sessionCommandOptions)
 	if hasCompactionFlag && command != "compact-plan" {
 		return execUsageError{"--preserve-last and --max-prompt-chars are only valid for sessions compact-plan"}
 	}
+	if (options.olderThan != "" || options.dryRun) && command != "prune" {
+		return execUsageError{"--older-than and --dry-run are only valid for sessions prune"}
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -532,6 +559,7 @@ Commands:
  rewind-plan <id>      Preview events kept and dropped by a rewind
  rewind <id>           Restore workspace files and truncate the log to a checkpoint
  compact-plan <id>     Preview events compacted and preserved by compaction
+  prune                 Remove sessions last updated before a cutoff

 Flags:
      --json            Print JSON output
@@ -541,7 +569,13 @@ Flags:
      --exclude-target  Drop the target event (rewind-plan, rewind)
      --preserve-last <n> Keep recent events in compact-plan
      --max-prompt-chars <n> Limit compact-plan summary prompt
+      --older-than <age>  Prune cutoff, as days (30d) or a duration (720h); at least 1d.
+                        Without it, prune uses sessions.retentionDays from your user config.
+      --dry-run         List what prune would remove, and why it keeps the rest
  -h, --help            Show this help
+
+prune only runs when you run it. It never removes a session another Zero process
+has open, or an ancestor of a session it keeps, and --dry-run shows why.
 `)
 	return err
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/redaction"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sessions"
+)
+
+// maxPruneDays keeps a day count from overflowing time.Duration.
+const maxPruneDays = 36500
+
+// runSessionsPrune removes sessions last updated before a cutoff, or with
+// --dry-run lists what would go and why. It runs only when asked (#971).
+func runSessionsPrune(store *sessions.Store, options sessionCommandOptions, stdout io.Writer, stderr io.Writer, deps appDeps) int {
+	olderThan, err := pruneCutoff(options, deps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return writeExecUsageError(stderr, err.Error())
+	}
+	report, err := store.Prune(sessions.PruneOptions{OlderThan: olderThan, DryRun: options.dryRun})
+	if err != nil {
+		return writeSessionCommandError(stderr, err)
+	}
+	if options.json {
+		if err := writePrettyJSON(stdout, redaction.RedactValue(report, redaction.Options{})); err != nil {
+			return exitCrash
+		}
+	} else if _, err := fmt.Fprint(stdout, formatPruneReport(report)); err != nil {
+		return exitCrash
+	}
+	if len(report.Failed) > 0 {
+		return exitCrash
+	}
+	return exitSuccess
+}
+
+// pruneCutoff is --older-than, or else sessions.retentionDays from the user's
+// own config, and never below sessions.MinimumPruneAge. Project config has no
+// say in it: see config.SessionsConfig.
+func pruneCutoff(options sessionCommandOptions, deps appDeps) (time.Duration, error) {
+	var age time.Duration
+	if options.olderThan != "" {
+		parsed, err := parsePruneAge(options.olderThan)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		age = parsed
+	} else {
+		days := 0
+		if deps.userConfigPath != nil {
+			path, err := deps.userConfigPath()
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("sessions prune could not find your config: %w", err)
+			}
+			settings, err := config.ReadSessionsConfig(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, fmt.Errorf("sessions prune could not read sessions.retentionDays: %w", err)
+			}
+			days = settings.RetentionDays
+		}
+		if days == 0 {
+			return 0, execUsageError{"sessions prune needs a cutoff: pass --older-than (for example --older-than 30d) or set sessions.retentionDays in your user config"}
+		}
+		if days > maxPruneDays {
+			return 0, execUsageError{fmt.Sprintf("sessions.retentionDays %d is more than %d", days, maxPruneDays)}
+		}
+		age = time.Duration(days) * 24 * time.Hour
+	}
+	if age < sessions.MinimumPruneAge {
+		return 0, execUsageError{fmt.Sprintf("sessions prune does not remove anything updated in the last %d hours; use --older-than 1d or more", int(sessions.MinimumPruneAge.Hours()))}
+	}
+	return age, nil
+}
+
+// parsePruneAge accepts a whole number of days ("30d") or a Go duration
+// ("720h").
+func parsePruneAge(value string) (time.Duration, error) {
+	invalid := execUsageError{fmt.Sprintf("invalid --older-than %q: expected days like 30d or a duration like 720h", value)}
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if days, ok := strings.CutSuffix(trimmed, "d"); ok {
+		count, err := strconv.Atoi(days)
+		if err != nil || count <= 0 || count > maxPruneDays {
+			return 0, invalid
+		}
+		return time.Duration(count) * 24 * time.Hour, nil
+	}
+	age, err := time.ParseDuration(trimmed)
+	if err != nil || age <= 0 {
+		return 0, invalid
+	}
+	return age, nil
+}
+
+func formatPruneReport(report sessions.PruneReport) string {
+	var out strings.Builder
+	verb := "Removed"
+	if report.DryRun {
+		verb = "Would remove"
+	}
+	if len(report.Removed) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&out, "No sessions to remove: nothing last updated before %s can go.\n", report.Cutoff)
+	} else {
+		var total int64
+		for _, entry := range report.Removed {
+			total += entry.Bytes
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(&out, "%s %d %s last updated before %s (%s):\n", verb, len(report.Removed), plural(len(report.Removed), "session", "sessions"), report.Cutoff, formatPruneBytes(total))
+		for _, entry := range report.Removed {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&out, "  %s\n", formatPruneEntry(entry, redact(entry.Title)))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(report.Kept) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&out, "Kept %d old enough to remove:\n", len(report.Kept))
+		for _, entry := range report.Kept {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&out, "  %s\n", formatPruneEntry(entry, entry.Reason))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(report.Failed) > 0 {
+		failed := "Could not remove"
+		if report.DryRun {
+			failed = "Could not check"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(&out, "%s %d:\n", failed, len(report.Failed))
+		for _, entry := range report.Failed {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&out, "  %s\n", formatPruneEntry(entry, redact(entry.Reason)))
+		}
+	}
+	if report.DryRun {
+		out.WriteString("Dry run: nothing was removed.\n")
+	}
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func formatPruneEntry(entry sessions.PruneEntry, note string) string {
+	updated := entry.UpdatedAt
+	if len(updated) >= len("2006-01-02") {
+		updated = updated[:len("2006-01-02")]
+	}
+	line := redact(entry.SessionID) + "  " + updated
+	if note = strings.TrimSpace(note); note != "" {
+		line += "  " + note
+	}
+	return line
+}
+
+func formatPruneBytes(bytes int64) string {
+	const unit = 1024
+	if bytes < unit {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", bytes)
+	}
+	value, suffix := float64(bytes)/unit, "KB"
+	for _, next := range []string{"MB", "GB", "TB"} {
+		if value < unit {
+			break
+		}
+		value, suffix = value/unit, next
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %s", value, suffix)
+}
+
+func plural(count int, one, many string) string {
+	if count == 1 {
+		return one
+	}
+	return many
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/sessions"
+)
+
+// pruneCLIFixture is a session root holding one session last written in 2020
+// and one written now, neither held open, plus deps whose user config path is
+// the returned file (which does not exist until a test writes it).
+func pruneCLIFixture(t *testing.T) (string, string, appDeps) {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	for _, session := range []struct {
+		id string
+		at func() time.Time
+	}{
+		{"old-session", func() time.Time { return time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC) }},
+		{"recent-session", time.Now},
+	} {
+		store := sessions.NewStore(sessions.StoreOptions{RootDir: root, Now: session.at})
+		if _, err := store.Create(sessions.CreateInput{SessionID: session.id, Title: "title of " + session.id}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create %s: %v", session.id, err)
+		}
+		store.Release(session.id)
+	}
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	deps := appDeps{
+		newSessionStore: func() *sessions.Store { return sessions.NewStore(sessions.StoreOptions{RootDir: root}) },
+		userConfigPath:  func() (string, error) { return configPath, nil },
+	}
+	return root, configPath, deps
+}
+
+func runPruneCLI(t *testing.T, deps appDeps, args ...string) (int, string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	code := runWithDeps(append([]string{"sessions"}, args...), &stdout, &stderr, deps)
+	return code, stdout.String(), stderr.String()
+}
+
+func pruneSessionExists(t *testing.T, root, id string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(root, id))
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneDryRunListsWithoutRemoving(t *testing.T) {
+	root, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	code, stdout, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune", "--older-than", "30d", "--dry-run")
+	if code != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q", code, stderr)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"Would remove 1 session", "old-session", "Dry run: nothing was removed."} {
+		if !strings.Contains(stdout, want) {
+			t.Errorf("output does not contain %q:\n%s", want, stdout)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(stdout, "recent-session") {
+		t.Errorf("the recent session was listed:\n%s", stdout)
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("a dry run removed the session")
+	}
+}
+
+// A dry run removes nothing, so a session it could not check is not reported
+// as one it could not remove.
+func TestSessionsPruneDryRunReportsFailuresAsUnchecked(t *testing.T) {
+	failed := []sessions.PruneEntry{{SessionID: "old-session", UpdatedAt: "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z", Reason: "the session disappeared while pruning"}}
+	dryRun := formatPruneReport(sessions.PruneReport{Cutoff: "2026-08-27T00:00:00Z", DryRun: true, Failed: failed})
+	if !strings.Contains(dryRun, "Could not check 1:") || strings.Contains(dryRun, "Could not remove") {
+		t.Errorf("dry run report:\n%s", dryRun)
+	}
+	run := formatPruneReport(sessions.PruneReport{Cutoff: "2026-08-27T00:00:00Z", Failed: failed})
+	if !strings.Contains(run, "Could not remove 1:") {
+		t.Errorf("report:\n%s", run)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneRemovesOnlyOldSessions(t *testing.T) {
+	root, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	code, stdout, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune", "--older-than=30d")
+	if code != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q", code, stderr)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout, "Removed 1 session") || !strings.Contains(stdout, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatalf("output does not report the removal:\n%s", stdout)
+	}
+	if pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("the old session is still there")
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "recent-session") {
+		t.Fatal("the recent session was removed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneReportsJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	code, stdout, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune", "--older-than", "720h", "--json")
+	if code != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q", code, stderr)
+	}
+	var report sessions.PruneReport
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(stdout), &report); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("output is not a prune report: %v\n%s", err, stdout)
+	}
+	if len(report.Removed) != 1 || report.Removed[0].SessionID != "old-session" || report.DryRun {
+		t.Fatalf("report = %+v", report)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneRefusesABadOrShortCutoff(t *testing.T) {
+	root, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		value string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"12h", "last 24 hours"},
+		{"0d", "invalid --older-than"},
+		{"soon", "invalid --older-than"},
+		{"-5d", "invalid --older-than"},
+	} {
+		code, _, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune", "--older-than="+tc.value)
+		if code != exitUsage || !strings.Contains(stderr, tc.want) {
+			t.Errorf("--older-than %s: exit %d, stderr %q, want a usage error naming %q", tc.value, code, stderr, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("a refused prune removed a session")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneNeedsACutoff(t *testing.T) {
+	root, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	code, _, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune")
+	if code != exitUsage || !strings.Contains(stderr, "needs a cutoff") {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q, want a usage error asking for a cutoff", code, stderr)
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("prune without a cutoff removed a session")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneUsesTheUserRetentionSetting(t *testing.T) {
+	root, configPath, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":30}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	code, stdout, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune")
+	if code != exitSuccess {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q", code, stderr)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stdout, "Removed 1 session") || pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatalf("the user retention setting was not applied:\n%s", stdout)
+	}
+}
+
+// A REPOSITORY CANNOT CHOOSE WHAT PRUNE DELETES. Sessions are the user's, not
+// the project's, so sessions.retentionDays in a workspace's .zero/config.json
+// is not a cutoff, even when prune runs from inside that workspace.
+func TestSessionsPruneIgnoresRetentionInProjectConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	root, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	workspace := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(workspace, ".zero"), 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workspace, ".zero", "config.json"), []byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":1}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deps.getwd = func() (string, error) { return workspace, nil }
+	t.Chdir(workspace)
+
+	code, _, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, "prune")
+	if code != exitUsage || !strings.Contains(stderr, "needs a cutoff") {
+		t.Fatalf("exit %d, stderr %q: the project's retention setting was used", code, stderr)
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("a project config setting removed a session")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsPruneFlagsBelongToPrune(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	for _, args := range [][]string{{"list", "--dry-run"}, {"list", "--older-than", "30d"}} {
+		code, _, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, args...)
+		if code != exitUsage || !strings.Contains(stderr, "only valid for sessions prune") {
+			t.Errorf("%v: exit %d, stderr %q", args, code, stderr)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// An empty cutoff is a usage error, never a fall back to sessions.retentionDays.
+func TestSessionsPruneRejectsAnEmptyCutoff(t *testing.T) {
+	root, configPath, deps := pruneCLIFixture(t)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":1}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{"prune", "--older-than", ""},
+		{"prune", "--older-than", "   "},
+		{"prune", "--older-than="},
+		{"list", "--older-than", ""},
+	} {
+		code, _, stderr := runPruneCLI(t, deps, args...)
+		if code != exitUsage || !strings.Contains(stderr, "--older-than requires a value") {
+			t.Errorf("%q: exit %d, stderr %q, want a usage error", args, code, stderr)
+		}
+	}
+	if !pruneSessionExists(t, root, "old-session") {
+		t.Fatal("an empty cutoff fell back to the retention setting and removed a session")
+	}
+}
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ func TestCLILaunchHelpersLeaveUserStateAlone(t *testing.T) {
 		{"execAdvertisesEscalateModel", func(t *testing.T) {
 			_ = execAdvertisesEscalateModel(t, []string{"--allow-escalation", "exec", "say hi"})
 		}},
+		{"runExecWithSandbox", func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, _, _ = runExecWithSandbox(t, []string{"exec", "hello"}, unavailableTestSandbox, config.SandboxConfig{})
+		}},
+		{"launchTUIWithSandbox", func(t *testing.T) { _ = launchTUIWithSandbox(t, config.SandboxConfig{}) }},
 	} {
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			seedRoot, configPath, seeded, before := seedEmulatedUserConfig(t)
@@ -244,6 +244,86 @@ func petJSONObject(encodedPet []byte) []byte {
 	return append(result, '}')
 }

+// setNotifyJSONObject replaces only the notify member's value, keeping the
+// original bytes of every unrelated member so a notification save cannot
+// reorder, reformat, or drop the user's other settings — including values whose
+// EXPLICIT presence matters (tools.deferThreshold: 0, mcp servers'
+// disabled: false) and keys the typed FileConfig does not model at all. The
+// typed serializer cannot round-trip explicit zeros (omitempty drops them), so
+// notification writes go through this byte-preserving editor instead
+// (maintainer review, PR #1001). An empty notify block removes the member
+// entirely so a reset leaves no `"notify": {}` husk behind.
+//
+// A hand-edited file may contain DUPLICATE notify members. Go's decoder
+// MERGES the fields of duplicate object members into the same struct, so an
+// earlier duplicate's field survives a replacement that omits it — e.g.
+// {"notify":{"mode":"off"},"notify":{"focusMode":"focused"}} + a
+// replacement {"focusMode":"always"} would leave mode "off" effective.
+// The nonempty path therefore removes EVERY duplicate and inserts the
+// replacement fresh (full-replace semantics: nothing inherited), and the
+// reset path removes every member the same way. UpdateNotify's partial
+// merge is unaffected: it seeds omitted fields from the stored value BEFORE
+// calling this editor, so the value it passes is already complete.
+// Mirrors setPetPreferenceJSON's duplicate handling.
+func setNotifyJSONObject(data []byte, notify NotifyConfig) ([]byte, error) {
+	encoded, err := json.Marshal(notify)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("encode notify preference: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rootStart := skipJSONSpace(data, 0)
+	root, err := parseJSONObject(data, rootStart)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	notifyIndex := lastJSONMember(root.members, "notify")
+	// Count duplicates: the ordinary file has exactly one notify member, and
+	// for it a positional replace keeps the key where the user put it and
+	// preserves their formatting (byte-preserving contract). The
+	// remove-all-and-reinsert path below is ONLY for files that actually
+	// contain duplicates, where Go's field-merging decode would otherwise let
+	// an earlier block's fields leak into the replacement.
+	duplicates := 0
+	for _, member := range root.members {
+		if member.key == "notify" {
+			duplicates++
+		}
+	}
+	if string(encoded) == "{}" {
+		for notifyIndex >= 0 {
+			data = removeJSONMember(data, root, notifyIndex)
+			rootStart = skipJSONSpace(data, 0)
+			root, err = parseJSONObject(data, rootStart)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			notifyIndex = lastJSONMember(root.members, "notify")
+		}
+		return data, nil
+	}
+	if duplicates <= 1 {
+		if notifyIndex < 0 {
+			return insertJSONMember(data, root, "notify", encoded), nil
+		}
+		// Single member: replace its value in place — no key movement, no
+		// reformatting of the surrounding bytes.
+		return replaceJSONRange(data, root.members[notifyIndex].valueStart, root.members[notifyIndex].valueEnd, encoded), nil
+	}
+	// Multiple duplicates: Go merges their fields at decode time, so the
+	// replacement must not inherit anything — remove every duplicate and
+	// insert the complete value fresh.
+	for notifyIndex >= 0 {
+		data = removeJSONMember(data, root, notifyIndex)
+		rootStart = skipJSONSpace(data, 0)
+		root, err = parseJSONObject(data, rootStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		notifyIndex = lastJSONMember(root.members, "notify")
+	}
+	return insertJSONMember(data, root, "notify", encoded), nil
+}
+
 func replaceJSONRange(data []byte, start, end int, replacement []byte) []byte {
 	result := make([]byte, 0, len(data)-(end-start)+len(replacement))
 	result = append(result, data[:start]...)
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package config
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"

@@ -72,10 +71,12 @@ var lockConfigFileFn = lockConfigFile

 func lockConfigFile(path string) (func() error, error) {
 	lockPath := path + ".lock"
-	if dir := filepath.Dir(lockPath); dir != "." && dir != "" {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create config directory %s: %w", dir, err)
-		}
+	// Every mutator locks before it writes, so this is where the config
+	// directory is normally created. ensureConfigDir also syncs each new entry
+	// into its parent before the lock file exists; writeConfigData would find
+	// nothing missing by then and could not run that barrier itself.
+	if err := ensureConfigDir(filepath.Dir(lockPath)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(configLockTimeout)
 	for {
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/modelregistry"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func normalizeModelRPM(limits map[string]int) (map[string]int, error) {
+	if len(limits) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	registry, err := modelregistry.DefaultRegistry()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]int, len(limits))
+	for key, n := range limits {
+		model := strings.TrimSpace(key)
+		if model == "" || n < 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid modelRPM entry %q: model must be non-empty and limit >= 0", key)
+		}
+		if id, ok := registry.ResolveID(model); ok {
+			model = id
+		}
+		if old, exists := out[model]; exists && old != n {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("conflicting modelRPM entries resolve to %q", model)
+		}
+		out[model] = n
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Project config can tighten a user cap but cannot relax it.
+func mergeModelRPM(dst *map[string]int, src map[string]int, tighten bool) {
+	if len(src) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if *dst == nil {
+		*dst = make(map[string]int)
+	}
+	for model, n := range src {
+		old := (*dst)[model]
+		if !tighten || old == 0 || (n > 0 && n < old) {
+			(*dst)[model] = n
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestModelRPMRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	var c FileConfig
+	if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"modelRPM":{" OPENAI:GPT-4.1 ":2,"custom":0},"future":true}`), &c); e != nil {
+		t.Fatal(e)
+	}
+	want := map[string]int{"gpt-4.1": 2, "custom": 0}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(c.ModelRPM, want) {
+		t.Fatal(c.ModelRPM)
+	}
+	b, e := json.Marshal(c)
+	if e != nil {
+		t.Fatal(e)
+	}
+	var d FileConfig
+	if e = json.Unmarshal(b, &d); e != nil {
+		t.Fatal(e)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(d.ModelRPM, want) || string(d.Extra["future"]) != "true" {
+		t.Fatalf("round trip=%s", b)
+	}
+}
+func TestModelRPMInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, s := range []string{`{"modelRPM":{"":1}}`, `{"modelRPM":{"a":-1}}`, `{"modelRPM":{"a":1.5}}`, `{"modelRPM":{"a":"2"}}`, `{"modelRPM":{"gpt-4.1":1,"openai:gpt-4.1":2}}`} {
+		var c FileConfig
+		if e := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &c); e == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("accepted %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+}
+func TestModelRPMProjectCanOnlyTighten(t *testing.T) {
+	user := writeConfig(t, `{"modelRPM":{"gpt-4.1":2},"activeProvider":"test","providers":[{"name":"test","provider":"openai","model":"gpt-4.1"}]}`)
+	for _, n := range []string{"0", "1", "5"} {
+		project := writeConfig(t, `{"modelRPM":{"openai:gpt-4.1":`+n+`}}`)
+		c, e := Resolve(ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: user, ProjectConfigPath: project, Env: map[string]string{}})
+		if e != nil {
+			t.Fatal(e)
+		}
+		want := 2
+		if n == "1" {
+			want = 1
+		}
+		if c.ModelRPM["gpt-4.1"] != want {
+			t.Fatal(c.ModelRPM)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ func Resolve(options ResolveOptions) (ResolvedConfig, error) {
 		// trusted global-config merge, which must keep honouring the setting.
 		commandConfig.Sandbox.Enabled = nil
 		commandConfig.CrossSessionInbound = ""
+		// External provider commands cannot relax the user cap.
+		mergeModelRPM(&cfg.ModelRPM, commandConfig.ModelRPM, true)
+		commandConfig.ModelRPM = nil
 		mergeConfig(&cfg, commandConfig)
 	}

@@ -157,11 +160,31 @@ func Resolve(options ResolveOptions) (ResolvedConfig, error) {
 		// On ErrNoActiveProvider, providers may still hold the successfully
 		// normalized (but active-less) profile list — keep it so a caller can fall
 		// back to an already-configured usable provider instead of treating this
-		// like a config with nothing set up at all.
-		return ResolvedConfig{Providers: providers}, err
+		// like a config with nothing set up at all. The non-provider fields parsed
+		// before the failure (notify, sandbox, tools, preferences, ...) are kept
+		// too: the TUI's provider-recovery path forwards this partial config, and
+		// dropping them would let the TUI's unconfigured notify default overwrite
+		// a stored explicit opt-out on startup (maintainer review, PR #1001).
+		partial := ResolvedConfig{
+			ModelRPM:            cfg.ModelRPM,
+			Providers:           providers,
+			MaxTurns:            cfg.MaxTurns,
+			MCP:                 cfg.MCP,
+			Sandbox:             cfg.Sandbox,
+			Notify:              cfg.Notify,
+			Tools:               cfg.Tools,
+			Swarm:               cfg.Swarm,
+			Preferences:         cfg.Preferences,
+			KeyBindings:         cfg.KeyBindings,
+			LocalControl:        cfg.LocalControl,
+			STT:                 cfg.STT,
+			CrossSessionInbound: cfg.CrossSessionInbound,
+		}
+		return partial, err
 	}

 	return ResolvedConfig{
+		ModelRPM:            cfg.ModelRPM,
 		ActiveProvider:      active.Name,
 		Providers:           providers,
 		Provider:            active,
@@ -230,6 +253,7 @@ func loadConfigFile(path string) (FileConfig, error) {
 }

 func mergeConfig(dst *FileConfig, src FileConfig) {
+	mergeModelRPM(&dst.ModelRPM, src.ModelRPM, false)
 	if activeProvider := strings.TrimSpace(src.ActiveProvider); activeProvider != "" {
 		dst.ActiveProvider = activeProvider
 	}
@@ -291,6 +315,7 @@ func mergeConfig(dst *FileConfig, src FileConfig) {
 }

 func mergeProjectConfig(dst *FileConfig, src FileConfig) error {
+	mergeModelRPM(&dst.ModelRPM, src.ModelRPM, true)
 	if activeProvider := strings.TrimSpace(src.ActiveProvider); activeProvider != "" {
 		dst.ActiveProvider = activeProvider
 	}
@@ -1109,6 +1109,34 @@ func TestResolveProviderCommandOverridesEnvProviderFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestResolveProviderCommandCannotRelaxUserModelRPM(t *testing.T) {
+	userPath := writeConfig(t, `{
+		"modelRPM": {
+			"gpt-command": 5
+		}
+	}`)
+
+	command := writeCommand(t, commandScript{
+		Stdout: `{"activeProvider":"cmd","providers":[{"name":"cmd","provider":"openai","apiKey":"sk-command","model":"gpt-command"}],"modelRPM":{"gpt-command":10}}`,
+	})
+
+	resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{
+		UserConfigPath:  userPath,
+		ProviderCommand: command,
+		Env:             map[string]string{},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Resolve() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := resolved.ModelRPM["gpt-command"]; got != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"ModelRPM[gpt-command] = %d, want user cap 5 preserved against provider-command relaxation",
+			got,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveAllowsNoConfiguredProviders(t *testing.T) {
 	resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{Env: map[string]string{}})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1151,8 +1179,13 @@ func TestResolveRejectsActiveProviderWithoutConfiguredProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 	if HasProviderProfile(resolved.Provider) {
 		t.Fatalf("Provider = %#v, want zero value", resolved.Provider)
 	}
-	if resolved.MaxTurns != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("MaxTurns = %d, want zero on failed resolve", resolved.MaxTurns)
+	// The error path now carries the parsed non-provider fields through
+	// (maintainer review, PR #1001): the TUI's provider-recovery startup
+	// forwards this partial config, and a zero MaxTurns there would silently
+	// discard the user's turn budget. Matches the no-providers SUCCESS path,
+	// which has always defaulted MaxTurns.
+	if resolved.MaxTurns != defaultMaxTurns {
+		t.Fatalf("MaxTurns = %d, want default %d carried through the partial resolve", resolved.MaxTurns, defaultMaxTurns)
 	}
 }

@@ -1161,10 +1194,13 @@ func TestResolveKeepsNormalizedProvidersWhenNoneMarkedActive(t *testing.T) {
 	// activeProvider is blank/stale — a caller like the interactive TUI still
 	// needs the normalized list to fall back to an already-usable provider
 	// instead of forcing a full re-onboarding wizard.
-	path := writeConfig(t, `{"providers":[
-		{"name":"work","provider_kind":"openai","apiKey":"sk-test","model":"gpt-test"},
-		{"name":"other","provider_kind":"openai","apiKey":"sk-other","model":"gpt-test"}
-	]}`)
+	path := writeConfig(t, `{
+    "modelRPM":{"gpt-test":1},
+    "providers":[
+        {"name":"work","provider_kind":"openai","apiKey":"sk-test","model":"gpt-test"},
+        {"name":"other","provider_kind":"openai","apiKey":"sk-other","model":"gpt-test"}
+    ]
+}`)

 	resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{ProjectConfigPath: path, Env: map[string]string{}})
 	if !errors.Is(err, ErrNoActiveProvider) {
@@ -1173,6 +1209,9 @@ func TestResolveKeepsNormalizedProvidersWhenNoneMarkedActive(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(resolved.Providers) != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("Providers = %#v, want the 2 normalized profiles preserved despite the error", resolved.Providers)
 	}
+	if got := resolved.ModelRPM["gpt-test"]; got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ModelRPM[gpt-test] = %d, want 1 preserved despite ErrNoActiveProvider", got)
+	}
 }

 func TestResolveTrimsProviderProfileAliasesBeforeFallback(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1864,14 +1903,43 @@ func TestResolveNotifyInvalidFocusMode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestResolveNotifyDefaultEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	path := writeConfig(t, `{}`)
-	resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: path, Env: map[string]string{}})
+// An unconfigured notify block must resolve EMPTY. Defaults live in the TUI
+// (effectiveTUINotifyMode) and in `zero config notify`'s display, not in the
+// resolver: a filled-in default here leaks into headless `zero exec` (BEL +
+// OSC-9 bytes on stderr under -o json) and into the CLI/TUI preserve paths,
+// which must treat "user never chose" differently from "user chose both"
+// (maintainer review, PR #1001).
+func TestResolveNotifyUnconfiguredStaysEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// No config file at all.
+	resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{Env: map[string]string{}})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Resolve: %v", err)
 	}
 	if resolved.Notify.Mode != "" || resolved.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("unset notify should be empty, got %+v", resolved.Notify)
+		t.Fatalf("no config file: notify = %+v, want empty (resolver must not default)", resolved.Notify)
+	}
+
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"empty config": `{}`,
+		"empty block":  `{"notify":{}}`,
+		"mode only":    `{"notify":{"mode":"off"}}`,
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolved, err := Resolve(ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: writeConfig(t, body), Env: map[string]string{}})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Resolve: %v", err)
+			}
+			if name == "mode only" {
+				if resolved.Notify.Mode != "off" {
+					t.Errorf("notify.mode = %q, want preserved off", resolved.Notify.Mode)
+				}
+			} else if resolved.Notify.Mode != "" {
+				t.Errorf("notify.mode = %q, want empty (resolver must not default)", resolved.Notify.Mode)
+			}
+			if resolved.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
+				t.Errorf("notify.focusMode = %q, want empty (resolver must not default)", resolved.Notify.FocusMode)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }

@@ -2254,6 +2322,19 @@ func TestResolveRejectsInvalidCrossSessionInbound(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestResolveReportsExplicitMaxTurns(t *testing.T) {
+	// A nil ResolveOptions.Env means "read the real process environment" (see
+	// envValue), so a case that leaves it nil inherits whatever the developer
+	// happens to export. ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL alone is enough: applyProviderEnv
+	// synthesizes a second, keyless "anthropic" profile from a base URL on its
+	// own, the single-provider shortcut in normalizeProviders stops applying,
+	// and Resolve fails with `active provider "" not found` before this test
+	// reaches its assertion. Every variable the resolver reads does it, so the
+	// cases below state an EMPTY environment rather than no environment, and
+	// these three are set to a hostile value so the test proves it.
+	t.Setenv("ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL", "https://proxy.example/v1")
+	t.Setenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "from-the-developer-shell")
+	t.Setenv(MaxTurnsEnv, "7")
+
 	const providerJSON = `{
 		"activeProvider": "p",
 		"providers": [{"name": "p", "provider_kind": "openai-compatible", "base_url": "https://x.example/v1", "apiKey": "k", "model": "m"}]
@@ -2266,10 +2347,15 @@ func TestResolveReportsExplicitMaxTurns(t *testing.T) {
 		set  bool
 	}{
 		{"built-in default only", ResolveOptions{
+			Env:       map[string]string{},
 			Overrides: Overrides{Provider: ProviderProfile{Name: "p", ProviderKind: "openai-compatible", BaseURL: "https://x.example/v1", APIKey: "k", Model: "m"}},
 		}, false},
-		{"user config", ResolveOptions{UserConfigPath: writeConfig(t, providerWithTurns)}, true},
+		{"user config", ResolveOptions{
+			Env:            map[string]string{},
+			UserConfigPath: writeConfig(t, providerWithTurns),
+		}, true},
 		{"project config", ResolveOptions{
+			Env:               map[string]string{},
 			UserConfigPath:    writeConfig(t, providerJSON),
 			ProjectConfigPath: writeConfig(t, `{"maxTurns": 40}`),
 		}, true},
@@ -2278,6 +2364,7 @@ func TestResolveReportsExplicitMaxTurns(t *testing.T) {
 			Overrides: Overrides{Provider: ProviderProfile{Name: "p", ProviderKind: "openai-compatible", BaseURL: "https://x.example/v1", APIKey: "k", Model: "m"}},
 		}, true},
 		{"cli override", ResolveOptions{
+			Env: map[string]string{},
 			Overrides: Overrides{
 				MaxTurns: 42,
 				Provider: ProviderProfile{Name: "p", ProviderKind: "openai-compatible", BaseURL: "https://x.example/v1", APIKey: "k", Model: "m"},
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// ReadSessionsConfig reads the sessions settings from the config file at path,
+// which callers pass as the user config. A missing file is an empty config. See
+// SessionsConfig for why nothing else supplies these settings.
+func ReadSessionsConfig(path string) (SessionsConfig, error) {
+	cfg, err := loadConfigFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return SessionsConfig{}, nil
+		}
+		return SessionsConfig{}, err
+	}
+	return cfg.Sessions, nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSessionsConfigRoundTripsAsAKnownKey(t *testing.T) {
+	var cfg FileConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":14}}`), &cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Sessions.RetentionDays != 14 {
+		t.Fatalf("retentionDays = %d, want 14", cfg.Sessions.RetentionDays)
+	}
+	if _, stray := cfg.Extra["sessions"]; stray {
+		t.Fatal("sessions was kept as an unknown key as well as parsed")
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), `"sessions":{"retentionDays":14}`) {
+		t.Fatalf("marshalled config lost the setting: %s", data)
+	}
+	empty, err := json.Marshal(FileConfig{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(string(empty), "sessions") {
+		t.Fatalf("an unset sessions block was written out: %s", empty)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsConfigRejectsANegativeRetention(t *testing.T) {
+	var cfg FileConfig
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":-1}}`), &cfg)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "retentionDays") {
+		t.Fatalf("a negative retention was accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A write that changes something else must not drop the setting.
+func TestSessionsConfigSurvivesAnUnrelatedWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"sessions":{"retentionDays":21}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := SetTheme(path, "dark"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SetTheme: %v", err)
+	}
+	settings, err := ReadSessionsConfig(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadSessionsConfig: %v", err)
+	}
+	if settings.RetentionDays != 21 {
+		t.Fatalf("after an unrelated write retentionDays = %d, want 21", settings.RetentionDays)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSessionsConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if settings, err := ReadSessionsConfig(filepath.Join(dir, "missing.json")); err != nil || settings != (SessionsConfig{}) {
+		t.Fatalf("a missing config = %+v, %v; want empty and no error", settings, err)
+	}
+	broken := filepath.Join(dir, "broken.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(broken, []byte(`{"sessions":`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := ReadSessionsConfig(broken); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a config that does not parse was read as empty")
+	}
+}
@@ -177,6 +177,19 @@ const (
 	STTProviderDeepgram STTProviderKind = "deepgram"
 )

+// SessionsConfig holds settings for Zero's saved sessions.
+//
+// READ FROM THE USER'S OWN CONFIG ONLY. It decides what `zero sessions prune`
+// deletes, and sessions belong to the user rather than to a repository, so a
+// project's .zero/config.json has no say: the resolver does not merge it, and
+// the prune command reads it straight from the user config file.
+type SessionsConfig struct {
+	// RetentionDays is the cutoff `zero sessions prune` uses when it is given no
+	// --older-than. Unset (0) means prune needs an explicit cutoff; nothing is
+	// ever removed without one being asked for.
+	RetentionDays int `json:"retentionDays,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // STTConfig configures speech-to-text dictation. All fields are optional; empty
 // values take the documented defaults. Booleans that need a real tri-state
 // (distinguishing "unset" from "false") use *bool, matching PreferencesConfig.Recaps.
@@ -351,6 +364,7 @@ func (cfg *ToolsConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 }

 type FileConfig struct {
+	ModelRPM            map[string]int     `json:"modelRPM,omitempty"`
 	ActiveProvider      string             `json:"activeProvider,omitempty"`
 	Providers           []ProviderProfile  `json:"providers,omitempty"`
 	MaxTurns            int                `json:"maxTurns,omitempty"`
@@ -364,6 +378,7 @@ type FileConfig struct {
 	LocalControl        LocalControlConfig `json:"localControl,omitempty"`
 	STT                 STTConfig          `json:"stt,omitempty"`
 	CrossSessionInbound string             `json:"crossSessionInbound,omitempty"`
+	Sessions            SessionsConfig     `json:"sessions,omitempty"`
 	// maxTurnsSet records that some merge source supplied a positive maxTurns —
 	// i.e. the value is configured, not the built-in default. Unexported like
 	// Tools.deferThresholdSet: merge bookkeeping, not a config key.
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ type FileConfig struct {

 func (cfg FileConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type rawConfig struct {
+		ModelRPM            map[string]int      `json:"modelRPM,omitempty"`
 		ActiveProvider      string              `json:"activeProvider,omitempty"`
 		Providers           []ProviderProfile   `json:"providers,omitempty"`
 		MaxTurns            int                 `json:"maxTurns,omitempty"`
@@ -388,8 +404,10 @@ func (cfg FileConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		LocalControl        *LocalControlConfig `json:"localControl,omitempty"`
 		STT                 *STTConfig          `json:"stt,omitempty"`
 		CrossSessionInbound string              `json:"crossSessionInbound,omitempty"`
+		Sessions            *SessionsConfig     `json:"sessions,omitempty"`
 	}
 	raw := rawConfig{
+		ModelRPM:            cfg.ModelRPM,
 		ActiveProvider:      cfg.ActiveProvider,
 		Providers:           cfg.Providers,
 		MaxTurns:            cfg.MaxTurns,
@@ -408,6 +426,9 @@ func (cfg FileConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	if !cfg.STT.Empty() {
 		raw.STT = &cfg.STT
 	}
+	if cfg.Sessions != (SessionsConfig{}) {
+		raw.Sessions = &cfg.Sessions
+	}
 	known, err := json.Marshal(raw)
 	if err != nil || len(cfg.Extra) == 0 {
 		return known, err
@@ -465,6 +486,7 @@ type Overrides struct {
 }

 type ResolvedConfig struct {
+	ModelRPM       map[string]int
 	ActiveProvider string
 	Providers      []ProviderProfile
 	Provider       ProviderProfile
@@ -533,6 +555,7 @@ type MCPOAuthConfig struct {

 func (cfg *FileConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	type rawConfig struct {
+		ModelRPM            map[string]int             `json:"modelRPM"`
 		ActiveProvider      string                     `json:"activeProvider"`
 		Providers           []ProviderProfile          `json:"providers"`
 		MaxTurns            int                        `json:"maxTurns"`
@@ -546,6 +569,7 @@ func (cfg *FileConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		LocalControl        LocalControlConfig         `json:"localControl"`
 		STT                 STTConfig                  `json:"stt"`
 		CrossSessionInbound string                     `json:"crossSessionInbound"`
+		Sessions            SessionsConfig             `json:"sessions"`
 		MCPServers          map[string]MCPServerConfig `json:"mcpServers"`
 		MCPServersSnake     map[string]MCPServerConfig `json:"mcp_servers"`
 	}
@@ -567,6 +591,11 @@ func (cfg *FileConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		extra = nil
 	}
 	cfg.ActiveProvider = raw.ActiveProvider
+	limits, err := normalizeModelRPM(raw.ModelRPM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfg.ModelRPM = limits
 	cfg.Providers = raw.Providers
 	// A negative maxTurns is unambiguously invalid; without this it would be
 	// silently dropped by the `MaxTurns > 0` merge gates and fall back to the
@@ -587,6 +616,10 @@ func (cfg *FileConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	cfg.LocalControl = raw.LocalControl
 	cfg.STT = raw.STT
 	cfg.CrossSessionInbound = raw.CrossSessionInbound
+	if raw.Sessions.RetentionDays < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid sessions.retentionDays %d: must be >= 0", raw.Sessions.RetentionDays)
+	}
+	cfg.Sessions = raw.Sessions
 	cfg.Extra = extra
 	if cfg.MCP.Servers == nil && (len(raw.MCPServers) > 0 || len(raw.MCPServersSnake) > 0) {
 		cfg.MCP.Servers = map[string]MCPServerConfig{}
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/notify"
 	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/providercatalog"
 )

@@ -756,6 +758,128 @@ func SetTheme(path string, theme string) (result FileConfig, err error) {
 	return cfg, nil
 }

+// UserNotify returns the notify block stored in the user's own config file at
+// path, trimmed. A missing file or missing/empty block returns the zero value:
+// callers that need to preserve "whatever the user already chose" on a partial
+// update must seed from THIS value, not from the resolved view — the resolver
+// merges project config and the TUI applies its own defaults, so seeding from
+// resolved copies choices the user never made into their global file (a
+// project's mode: off, or a pinned default) and across every other project.
+func UserNotify(path string) (NotifyConfig, error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, nil
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return NotifyConfig{}, nil
+		}
+		return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("read config %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	var cfg FileConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid config JSON %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	cfg.Notify.Mode = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Notify.Mode)
+	cfg.Notify.FocusMode = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Notify.FocusMode)
+	return cfg.Notify, nil
+}
+
+// validateNotify trims both fields and checks them against the accepted vocab
+// (mode in {off,bell,notify,both}; focusMode in {unfocused,always,focused}) so
+// a bad caller cannot write a value the resolver would later reject at
+// startup. An empty Mode or FocusMode is stored as-is — blank means "use the
+// built-in defaults" (the TUI's effectiveTUINotifyMode maps an empty mode to
+// both; the notify package treats an empty focusMode as unfocused), not "off".
+func validateNotify(value NotifyConfig) (NotifyConfig, error) {
+	value.Mode = strings.TrimSpace(value.Mode)
+	value.FocusMode = strings.TrimSpace(value.FocusMode)
+	if mode := value.Mode; mode != "" {
+		switch notify.Mode(mode) {
+		case notify.ModeOff, notify.ModeBell, notify.ModeNotify, notify.ModeBoth:
+		default:
+			return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid notify.mode %q: expected off, bell, notify, or both", mode)
+		}
+	}
+	if focus := value.FocusMode; focus != "" {
+		switch notify.FocusMode(focus) {
+		case notify.FocusUnfocused, notify.FocusAlways, notify.FocusFocused:
+		default:
+			return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid notify.focusMode %q: expected unfocused, always, or focused", focus)
+		}
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateNotify runs one SERIALIZED read-modify-write transaction on the user's
+// notify block. merge receives the currently stored block and returns the
+// block to store; it must preserve any field the caller is not explicitly
+// changing. The lock covers reading the stored block, applying merge, and
+// replacing the file, so two concurrent partial updates (for example
+// `--mode off` and `--focus always` from two terminals) cannot interleave
+// their reads and writes and silently undo each other's explicit change
+// (maintainer review, PR #1001 reproduced a 50/50 lost-update without it).
+//
+// The write replaces ONLY the notify member's bytes (setNotifyJSONObject),
+// preserving every unrelated value and its explicit presence — including
+// explicit zeros/falses like tools.deferThreshold: 0 or an MCP server's
+// disabled: false, which the typed serializer's omitempty cannot round-trip —
+// through the existing temp-file-and-rename atomic publish. Locking only the
+// final write would leave the stale-field merge outside the transaction, so
+// the whole sequence runs under one lock — the SAME lockConfigFileFn authority
+// every other config mutator uses (provider/theme/credential/MCP writes), not
+// a private lock: two authorities over the same file would not contend
+// (maintainer review, PR #1001). The release error is joined into the
+// result like every other writer: a failed unlock would leave the advisory
+// lock held and later updates blocked while the caller is told success.
+func UpdateNotify(path string, merge func(current NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig) (result NotifyConfig, err error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("config path is required")
+	}
+	if merge == nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("merge function is required")
+	}
+	release, err := lockConfigFileFn(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, err
+	}
+	// Joined, not chosen between: a release failure annotates the result
+	// instead of masking the mutation error that actually explains what went
+	// wrong. Reporting success after a failed release would claim a state the
+	// next update cannot reproduce.
+	defer func() { err = errors.Join(err, release()) }()
+
+	current, err := UserNotify(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, err
+	}
+	next, err := validateNotify(merge(current))
+	if err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Read the raw file and edit only the notify member. A missing file starts
+	// from an empty object so a first-time write does not need a pre-seeded
+	// config.
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("read config %s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		data = []byte("{}")
+	}
+	updated, err := setNotifyJSONObject(data, next)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid config JSON %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if err := writeConfigData(path, updated); err != nil {
+		return NotifyConfig{}, err
+	}
+	return next, nil
+}
+
 // SetPet persists only the terminal-pet preference while preserving every
 // unrelated user setting through the config writer's atomic replace path.
 func SetPet(path string, pet string) (result FileConfig, err error) {
@@ -973,12 +1097,116 @@ func writeConfigFile(path string, cfg FileConfig) error {
 	return writeConfigData(path, data)
 }

+// Sync seams allow tests to inject persistence failures at each barrier.
+var syncConfigFileFn = (*os.File).Sync
+var syncConfigDirFn = syncConfigDir
+
+// Windows cannot sync directory handles, so rename durability is best effort
+// there, matching the sessions store. Elsewhere a directory the user can write
+// but not read cannot be opened for syncing either; that is also best effort,
+// because the write it follows has already succeeded. Every other failure to
+// open, sync, or close the directory is reported: the barrier was requested and
+// not reached, so the caller must not acknowledge the save.
+func syncConfigDir(dir string) error {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	d, err := os.Open(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return errors.Join(d.Sync(), d.Close())
+}
+
+// ensureConfigDir is the ONE path that creates the config directory, shared by
+// lockConfigFile and writeConfigData. Every exported mutator locks before it
+// writes, and the lock file is a sibling of the config, so in practice the lock
+// path is what first creates the directory; a barrier that lived only in
+// writeConfigData would find nothing missing by then and never run.
+//
+// Each missing component is created with os.Mkdir rather than os.MkdirAll so
+// the call knows exactly which entries it created, then each new entry is
+// synced into its parent (deepest first) so a crash cannot lose the directory,
+// and with it the config, after a successful write. A component that appeared
+// between the lookup and the Mkdir belongs to another writer: it is not rolled
+// back, but its parent is still synced, because this write depends on the
+// entry being durable whoever created it.
+//
+// If a barrier fails, the directories this call created are removed again.
+// Leaving them would let a retry find nothing missing, skip the barrier, and
+// report a durability it never established. Only what this call created is
+// removed, with os.Remove so a directory another process has since populated
+// stays; a failed rollback is joined into the error, never swallowed.
+func ensureConfigDir(dir string) error {
+	if dir == "." || dir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	missing := missingConfigDirs(dir)
+	if len(missing) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var created []string
+	for i := len(missing) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		d := missing[i]
+		err := os.Mkdir(d, 0o700)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("create config directory %s: %w", d, err), removeConfigDirs(created))
+		}
+		created = append(created, d)
+	}
+	for _, d := range missing {
+		parent := filepath.Dir(d)
+		if err := syncConfigDirFn(parent); err != nil {
+			return errors.Join(fmt.Errorf("sync config directory %s: %w", parent, err), removeConfigDirs(created))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// removeConfigDirs rolls back directories ensureConfigDir created in this
+// call, deepest first. os.Remove refuses a non-empty directory, so an entry
+// another process already populated survives and its error is reported.
+func removeConfigDirs(created []string) error {
+	var errs []error
+	for i := len(created) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if err := os.Remove(created[i]); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("roll back config directory %s: %w", created[i], err))
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// missingConfigDirs lists dir and each ancestor that does not exist yet,
+// deepest first, so ensureConfigDir can create them shallowest first and sync
+// each new entry into its parent deepest first.
+func missingConfigDirs(dir string) []string {
+	var missing []string
+	for d := dir; ; {
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(d); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return missing
+		}
+		missing = append(missing, d)
+		parent := filepath.Dir(d)
+		if parent == d {
+			return missing
+		}
+		d = parent
+	}
+}
+
 func writeConfigData(path string, data []byte) error {
 	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-	if dir != "." && dir != "" {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create config directory %s: %w", dir, err)
-		}
+	// Usually a no-op: the lock path has already created and synced the
+	// directory. It still matters for the rare unlocked caller and for a
+	// directory removed between the lock and the write.
+	if err := ensureConfigDir(dir); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	if len(data) == 0 || data[len(data)-1] != '\n' {
 		data = append(data, '\n')
@@ -999,11 +1227,19 @@ func writeConfigData(path string, data []byte) error {
 		_ = tmp.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("write config %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
+	// Persist the complete contents before making the replacement visible.
+	if err := syncConfigFileFn(tmp); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sync config %s: %w", path, errors.Join(err, tmp.Close()))
+	}
 	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write config %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
 	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, path); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write config %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
+	// The replacement is already visible if this fails; do not roll it back.
+	if err := syncConfigDirFn(dir); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sync config directory %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package config
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -10,9 +12,299 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 )

+func TestWriteConfigDataSync(t *testing.T) {
+	failure := errors.New("injected sync failure")
+	for _, stage := range []string{"success", "file", "directory"} {
+		t.Run(stage, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			path := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+			oldData, newData := "{\"old\":true}\n", "{\"new\":true}\n"
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(oldData), 0o600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			checkData := func(path, want string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				got, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+				if err != nil || string(got) != want {
+					t.Fatalf("read %s = %q, %v; want %q", path, got, err, want)
+				}
+			}
+			fileSync, dirSync := syncConfigFileFn, syncConfigDirFn
+			t.Cleanup(func() { syncConfigFileFn, syncConfigDirFn = fileSync, dirSync })
+			var tmp *os.File
+			var calls []string
+			syncConfigFileFn = func(f *os.File) error {
+				tmp = f
+				calls = append(calls, "file")
+				checkData(f.Name(), newData)
+				checkData(path, oldData)
+				if stage == "file" {
+					return failure
+				}
+				return fileSync(f)
+			}
+			syncConfigDirFn = func(got string) error {
+				calls = append(calls, "directory")
+				if got != dir || tmp == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("directory sync = %q, temp = %v", got, tmp)
+				}
+				if _, err := tmp.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+					t.Fatalf("temp must be closed before directory sync: %v", err)
+				}
+				checkData(path, newData)
+				if stage == "directory" {
+					return failure
+				}
+				return dirSync(got)
+			}
+			err := writeConfigData(path, []byte(strings.TrimSuffix(newData, "\n")))
+			if stage == "success" {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			} else if !errors.Is(err, failure) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %v, want injected sync failure", err)
+			}
+			wantCalls := []string{"file", "directory"}
+			wantData := newData
+			if stage == "file" {
+				wantCalls, wantData = []string{"file"}, oldData
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, wantCalls) {
+				t.Fatalf("sync calls = %v, want %v", calls, wantCalls)
+			}
+			checkData(path, wantData)
+			if _, err := tmp.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+				t.Fatalf("temp must be closed on return: %v", err)
+			}
+			entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+			if err != nil || len(entries) != 1 || entries[0].Name() != "config.json" {
+				t.Fatalf("temporary file not cleaned up: %v, %v", entries, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteConfigDataSyncsCreatedDirectories(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	outer := filepath.Join(root, "a")
+	dir := filepath.Join(outer, "b")
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	failure := errors.New("injected sync failure")
+	dirSync := syncConfigDirFn
+	t.Cleanup(func() { syncConfigDirFn = dirSync })
+
+	for _, fail := range []bool{false, true} {
+		var calls []string
+		syncConfigDirFn = func(got string) error {
+			calls = append(calls, got)
+			if fail && got == root {
+				return failure
+			}
+			return dirSync(got)
+		}
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(outer); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		err := writeConfigData(path, []byte(`{}`))
+		if fail {
+			if !errors.Is(err, failure) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %v, want injected sync failure", err)
+			}
+			if want := []string{outer, root}; !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("sync calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+			}
+			if _, err := os.Stat(path); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				t.Fatalf("config must not be written after a failed directory sync: %v", err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// Each new directory's entry is synced into its parent, then the
+		// config's own directory after the rename.
+		if want := []string{outer, root, dir}; !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("sync calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLockingMutatorSyncsCreatedDirectories(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	outer := filepath.Join(root, "a")
+	dir := filepath.Join(outer, "b")
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	failure := errors.New("injected sync failure")
+	dirSync := syncConfigDirFn
+	t.Cleanup(func() { syncConfigDirFn = dirSync })
+
+	exists := func(p string) bool {
+		t.Helper()
+		_, err := os.Lstat(p)
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return err == nil
+	}
+
+	// Every exported mutator acquires the config lock before it writes, and
+	// the lock file is a sibling of the config, so the lock path is what first
+	// creates the config directory. The barrier for those new entries has to
+	// run there, before the lock file exists: by the time writeConfigData
+	// looks, nothing is missing any more.
+	for _, fail := range []bool{true, false} {
+		var calls []string
+		syncConfigDirFn = func(got string) error {
+			calls = append(calls, got)
+			if got == outer || got == root {
+				if exists(path+".lock") || exists(path) {
+					t.Fatalf("parent sync of %s ran after the lock file or config was created", got)
+				}
+			}
+			if fail && got == root {
+				return failure
+			}
+			return dirSync(got)
+		}
+		_, err := UpdateNotify(path, func(NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig {
+			return NotifyConfig{Mode: "off"}
+		})
+		if fail {
+			if !errors.Is(err, failure) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %v, want injected sync failure", err)
+			}
+			if want := []string{outer, root}; !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("sync calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+			}
+			// The directories this attempt created are gone again, so the
+			// retry below re-creates them and re-runs the barrier instead of
+			// finding them present and reporting a durability it never had.
+			if exists(outer) {
+				t.Fatalf("%s must be rolled back after a failed parent sync", outer)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if want := []string{outer, root, dir}; !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("sync calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+		}
+		got, err := UserNotify(path)
+		if err != nil || got.Mode != "off" {
+			t.Fatalf("UserNotify = %+v, %v; want mode off", got, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteConfigDataRollsBackOnlyCreatedDirectories(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	existing := filepath.Join(root, "existing")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(existing, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	keep := filepath.Join(existing, "keep")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(keep, []byte("keep\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	outer := filepath.Join(existing, "a")
+	dir := filepath.Join(outer, "b")
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	failure := errors.New("injected sync failure")
+	dirSync := syncConfigDirFn
+	t.Cleanup(func() { syncConfigDirFn = dirSync })
+	stat := func(p string) error {
+		_, err := os.Lstat(p)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// The barrier for "a" fails: both directories this call created go, the
+	// pre-existing directory and its file stay.
+	syncConfigDirFn = func(got string) error {
+		if got == existing {
+			return failure
+		}
+		return dirSync(got)
+	}
+	if err := writeConfigData(path, []byte(`{}`)); !errors.Is(err, failure) {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want injected sync failure", err)
+	}
+	for _, p := range []string{dir, outer} {
+		if err := stat(p); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			t.Fatalf("%s must be removed after a failed parent sync: %v", p, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range []string{existing, keep} {
+		if err := stat(p); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("pre-existing %s must survive the rollback: %v", p, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A directory another process populated in the meantime is not ours to
+	// remove: it stays, the failed rollback is reported with the barrier
+	// failure, and the write still does not acknowledge the save.
+	intruder := filepath.Join(dir, "other.lock")
+	syncConfigDirFn = func(got string) error {
+		if got == existing {
+			if err := os.WriteFile(intruder, nil, 0o600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			return failure
+		}
+		return dirSync(got)
+	}
+	err := writeConfigData(path, []byte(`{}`))
+	if !errors.Is(err, failure) {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want injected sync failure", err)
+	}
+	if err := stat(intruder); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a populated directory must not be removed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "roll back config directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("error must report the failed rollback: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := stat(path); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		t.Fatalf("config must not be written after a failed directory sync: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSyncConfigDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := syncConfigDir(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := syncConfigDir(filepath.Join(dir, "missing"))
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// Directory handles cannot be synced on Windows, so every call is a
+		// no-op there, including one for a directory that does not exist.
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("syncConfigDir must be a no-op on windows: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	// A directory that is gone means the persistence barrier was never
+	// reached, so the caller must not acknowledge the save.
+	if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		t.Fatalf("missing directory: error = %v, want %v", err, os.ErrNotExist)
+	}
+	// A directory the user can write but not read cannot be opened for
+	// syncing; that is best effort, as in the sessions store, because the
+	// write it follows has already succeeded.
+	unreadable := filepath.Join(dir, "unreadable")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(unreadable, 0o300); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Chmod(unreadable, 0o700) })
+	if err := syncConfigDir(unreadable); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write-only directory must be best effort: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSetActiveProviderSwitchesConfiguredProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
 	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{
@@ -426,6 +718,286 @@ func TestSetThemePreservesUnknownTopLevelFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// setNotify replaces the stored notify block with value through UpdateNotify
+// and returns the re-read config, so the tests below can assert on a
+// FileConfig-shaped result. Every product surface uses UpdateNotify's merge
+// form directly; this replace form exists only for these tests.
+func setNotify(path string, value NotifyConfig) (FileConfig, error) {
+	next, err := UpdateNotify(path, func(NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig { return value })
+	if err != nil {
+		return FileConfig{}, err
+	}
+	cfg, err := loadConfigFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return FileConfig{}, err
+	}
+	cfg.Notify = next
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func TestSetNotifyPersistsValidValues(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{
+		ActiveProvider: "openai",
+		Providers: []ProviderProfile{
+			{Name: "openai", ProviderKind: ProviderKindOpenAI, Model: "gpt-4.1"},
+		},
+	}, 0o600)
+
+	cfg, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "  both  ", FocusMode: "  unfocused  "})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "both" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "unfocused" {
+		t.Fatalf("Notify = %+v, want mode=both focusMode=unfocused (trimmed)", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+	persisted := readConfigFixture(t, path)
+	if persisted.Notify.Mode != "both" || persisted.Notify.FocusMode != "unfocused" {
+		t.Fatalf("persisted Notify = %+v, want mode=both focusMode=unfocused", persisted.Notify)
+	}
+	if persisted.ActiveProvider != "openai" || len(persisted.Providers) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("provider config was not preserved by setNotify: %#v", persisted)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetNotifyRejectsInvalidMode(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{ActiveProvider: "openai"}, 0o600)
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "loud", FocusMode: "unfocused"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid notify.mode")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetNotifyRejectsInvalidFocusMode(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{ActiveProvider: "openai"}, 0o600)
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "sideways"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid notify.focusMode")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetNotifyRejectsEmptyConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := setNotify("", NotifyConfig{Mode: "off"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for empty config path")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetNotifyBlankValuesPreservedAsDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	// An empty mode/focusMode stored on disk is a valid "use the built-in
+	// defaults" signal — setNotify must not reject blanks, and they must round
+	// trip unchanged.
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{ActiveProvider: "openai"}, 0o600)
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify({}) should accept blank values, got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	persisted := readConfigFixture(t, path)
+	if persisted.Notify.Mode != "" || persisted.Notify.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("blank notify values should round-trip, got %+v", persisted.Notify)
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): a notification save must preserve unrelated
+// values whose EXPLICIT presence matters. The typed serializer's omitempty
+// cannot round-trip tools.deferThreshold: 0 (explicit "never defer" vs unset
+// "use default 3") or an MCP server's disabled: false (explicitly enabled), so
+// UpdateNotify edits only the notify member's bytes instead. The
+// assertions run against the RAW file, because reading through FileConfig
+// would hide exactly the presence loss being tested.
+func TestSetNotifyPreservesExplicitUnrelatedValues(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"explicit zero deferThreshold": `{
+	"tools": {"deferThreshold": 0},
+	"mcp": {"servers": {"firecrawl": {"command": "npx", "disabled": false}}}
+}`,
+		"unknown keys stay untouched": `{
+	"activeProvider": "openai",
+	"customTopLevel": {"nested": [1, 2, 3]},
+	"notify": {"mode": "both"}
+}`,
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := filepath.Join(dir, name+".json")
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0o600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "always"}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("setNotify: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			var obj map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &obj); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(name, "explicit zero") {
+				tools, ok := obj["tools"]
+				if !ok || !strings.Contains(string(tools), `"deferThreshold": 0`) {
+					t.Errorf("tools.deferThreshold: 0 lost through a notify write; tools = %s", string(tools))
+				}
+				mcp, ok := obj["mcp"]
+				if !ok || !strings.Contains(string(mcp), `"disabled": false`) {
+					t.Errorf("mcp disabled: false lost through a notify write; mcp = %s", string(mcp))
+				}
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(name, "unknown keys") {
+				if _, ok := obj["customTopLevel"]; !ok {
+					t.Error("unknown top-level key lost through a notify write")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001, CodeRabbit follow-up): a hand-edited config
+// may contain DUPLICATE notify members (JSON decoders tolerate them and the
+// last occurrence wins). A reset must remove EVERY notify member — removing
+// only the last leaves the earlier block as the new effective preference, so
+// `zero config notify --reset` would report success while the old value still
+// applies.
+func TestSetNotifyResetRemovesEveryDuplicateNotifyMember(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	duplicated := `{"notify":{"mode":"off"},"activeProvider":"openai","notify":{"mode":"bell"}}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(duplicated), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify({}) reset: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var obj map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &obj); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, still := obj["notify"]; still {
+		t.Fatalf("reset left a notify member behind: %s", string(raw))
+	}
+	if obj["activeProvider"] == nil || string(obj["activeProvider"]) != `"openai"` {
+		t.Errorf("unrelated member lost through the reset: %s", string(raw))
+	}
+
+	// A reset on a file with NO notify member is a no-op, and a partial update
+	// against duplicates replaces the LAST member (the effective one under
+	// last-occurrence-wins decoding).
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(duplicated), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "always"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify replace: %v", err)
+	}
+	raw, err = os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stored, err := UserNotify(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UserNotify: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stored.Mode != "off" || stored.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Fatalf("after replace, effective notify = %+v, want off/always (last member replaced)", stored)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"activeProvider"`) {
+		t.Errorf("unrelated member lost through the replace: %s", string(raw))
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): concurrent partial updates must not lose
+// each other's explicit change. Two `zero config notify` calls (--mode off and
+// --focus always) racing from both/unfocused previously interleaved their
+// read-merge-write and one write silently undid the other (reproduced 50/50
+// without the lock). UpdateNotify serializes the whole transaction.
+func TestUpdateNotifyConcurrentPartialUpdatesLoseNoField(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"notify":{"mode":"both","focusMode":"unfocused"}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errs := make(chan error, 2)
+	wg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		if _, err := UpdateNotify(path, func(current NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig {
+			current.Mode = "off"
+			return current
+		}); err != nil {
+			errs <- fmt.Errorf("mode update: %w", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		if _, err := UpdateNotify(path, func(current NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig {
+			current.FocusMode = "always"
+			return current
+		}); err != nil {
+			errs <- fmt.Errorf("focus update: %w", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		t.Fatalf("concurrent update failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	stored, err := UserNotify(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read stored: %v", err)
+	}
+	// BOTH explicit changes must survive: mode from writer 1, focus from
+	// writer 2. The old race let the second writer's stale focus
+	// ("unfocused") or stale mode ("both") win.
+	if stored.Mode != "off" {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %q, want off (concurrent focus update must not clobber it)", stored.Mode)
+	}
+	if stored.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("focusMode = %q, want always (concurrent mode update must not clobber it)", stored.FocusMode)
+	}
+}
+
+// UserNotify reads the notify block from the user's own file. Partial updates
+// seed from this value so they preserve what the USER chose (blank included)
+// instead of copying a project config's setting or a pinned default into the
+// global file (maintainer review, PR #1001).
+func TestUserNotify(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Missing file: zero value, no error.
+	got, err := UserNotify(filepath.Join(dir, "missing.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing file should not error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Mode != "" || got.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("missing file = %+v, want zero value", got)
+	}
+
+	// Present block: trimmed values returned.
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "zero.json")
+	writeConfigFixture(t, path, FileConfig{Notify: NotifyConfig{Mode: "  bell  ", FocusMode: " always "}}, 0o600)
+	got, err = UserNotify(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UserNotify: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Mode != "bell" || got.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Fatalf("UserNotify = %+v, want bell/always (trimmed)", got)
+	}
+
+	// Blank path: zero value, no error.
+	if got, err = UserNotify(""); err != nil || got.Mode != "" || got.FocusMode != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("blank path = %+v err=%v, want zero value", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRecapsPreferenceRoundTrips(t *testing.T) {
 	// Default (unset) is ON.
 	if !(PreferencesConfig{}).RecapsEnabled() {
@@ -1078,3 +1650,109 @@ func TestEditProviderRejectsCollisionAndUnknown(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("config was rewritten by a rejected edit")
 	}
 }
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001): notify writes must contend with EXISTING
+// config mutators, not only each other. UpdateNotify originally took a private
+// lock (acquireConfigLock); on Windows its LockFileEx range did not overlap
+// lockutil's, so `zero config notify --mode off` could race a theme (or
+// provider/credential/MCP) write and silently discard it — the later rename
+// wins and the other acknowledged change is gone. UpdateNotify now uses the
+// same lockConfigFileFn authority as every other mutator; this race holds it
+// against SetTheme and requires BOTH acknowledged edits to survive.
+func TestUpdateNotifyRacesExistingConfigMutatorWithoutLoss(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"notify":{"mode":"both","focusMode":"unfocused"}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errs := make(chan error, 2)
+	wg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		if _, err := UpdateNotify(path, func(NotifyConfig) NotifyConfig {
+			return NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "always"}
+		}); err != nil {
+			errs <- fmt.Errorf("notify write: %w", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		if _, err := SetTheme(path, "dracula"); err != nil {
+			errs <- fmt.Errorf("theme write: %w", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := readConfigFixture(t, path)
+	if cfg.Notify.Mode != "off" || cfg.Notify.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Errorf("notify lost the race: %+v, want off/always — the two writers did not contend on one lock", cfg.Notify)
+	}
+	if cfg.Preferences.Theme != "dracula" {
+		t.Errorf("theme lost the race: %q, want dracula — the two writers did not contend on one lock", cfg.Preferences.Theme)
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001, jatmn review): Go's decoder MERGES the
+// fields of duplicate JSON members into one struct, so a full replacement that
+// omits a field could inherit it from an earlier duplicate —
+// {"notify":{"mode":"off"},"notify":{"focusMode":"focused"}} +
+// setNotify({FocusMode:"always"}) must yield blank/always, not off/always.
+// The editor removes every duplicate and inserts the replacement fresh.
+func TestSetNotifyReplacementInheritsNoFieldFromEarlierDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	duplicated := `{"notify":{"mode":"off"},"notify":{"focusMode":"focused"},"activeProvider":"openai"}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(duplicated), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{FocusMode: "always"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify: %v", err)
+	}
+	stored, err := UserNotify(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if stored.Mode != "" || stored.FocusMode != "always" {
+		t.Fatalf("replacement inherited a field from an earlier duplicate: %+v, want blank/always", stored)
+	}
+
+	// Unrelated bytes still survive the rewrite.
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"activeProvider":"openai"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("unrelated member lost through the replace: %s", string(raw))
+	}
+}
+
+// Maintainer regression (PR #1001, Vasanthdev2004 review): the duplicate-key
+// fix must not reach the ORDINARY single-member file. Removing and re-inserting
+// the notify member there moved the key to the end of the object and collapsed
+// its formatting, so every /notify toggle reordered the user's config — JSON
+// member order carries no meaning, but a byte-preserving write should not
+// reformat anything it does not have to. A single notify member is replaced
+// in place: key position and surrounding formatting unchanged.
+func TestSetNotifySingleMemberReplacedInPlace(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "zero.json")
+	original := "{\n  \"activeProvider\": \"openai\",\n  \"notify\": {\"mode\": \"both\", \"focusMode\": \"unfocused\"},\n  \"preferences\": {\"theme\": \"dracula\"}\n}\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(original), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := setNotify(path, NotifyConfig{Mode: "off", FocusMode: "always"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setNotify: %v", err)
+	}
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := "{\n  \"activeProvider\": \"openai\",\n  \"notify\": {\"mode\":\"off\",\"focusMode\":\"always\"},\n  \"preferences\": {\"theme\": \"dracula\"}\n}\n"
+	if string(raw) != want {
+		t.Fatalf("single-member replace moved or reformatted unrelated bytes:\n got: %q\nwant: %q", string(raw), want)
+	}
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,61 @@
 package cron

 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/fsutil"
 )

+func TestAppendRunRetainsNewestThousand(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Expr: "* * * * *", Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Seed an oversized legacy log, then cross the boundary again after compaction.
+	var history bytes.Buffer
+	for i := 0; i < 1207; i++ {
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&history).Encode(RunRecord{ExitCode: i}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, history.Bytes(), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, next := range []int{1207, 1208} {
+		if err := store.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: next}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		lines := bytes.Split(bytes.TrimSpace(data), []byte("\n"))
+		if len(lines) != 1000 {
+			t.Fatalf("retained %d records, want 1000", len(lines))
+		}
+		for i, line := range lines {
+			var rec RunRecord
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &rec); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if rec.ExitCode != next-999+i {
+				t.Fatalf("record %d = %d, want %d", i, rec.ExitCode, next-999+i)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // AppendRun on a job removed mid-run must NOT resurrect its directory (which the
 // old unconditional MkdirAll did, leaving an orphaned runs.jsonl with no
 // metadata.json).
@@ -24,7 +75,7 @@ func TestAppendRunDoesNotResurrectRemovedJob(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(store.jobDir(job.ID)); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		t.Fatalf("AppendRun resurrected the removed job directory (stat err = %v)", err)
 	}
-	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID)
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Runs: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -32,3 +83,256 @@ func TestAppendRunDoesNotResurrectRemovedJob(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected no runs for a removed job, got %d", len(runs))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRunsTail(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var history bytes.Buffer
+	// A forward scan would fail on this old oversized line. A recent-window
+	// reader must stop before reaching it, rather than merely cap its output.
+	history.WriteString(strings.Repeat("x", 1024*1024+1) + "\n")
+	for i := 0; i < 1103; i++ {
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&history).Encode(RunRecord{ExitCode: i, SessionTitle: strings.Repeat("界", 1500)}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	history.WriteString("bad json\n\n{\"exitCode\":1103}") // no final newline
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, history.Bytes(), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, limit := range []int{1, 7, 999, 1000, 1001, 0, -1} {
+		runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, limit)
+		want := limit
+		if want <= 0 || want > 1000 {
+			want = 1000
+		}
+		if err != nil || len(runs) != want {
+			t.Fatalf("limit %d: got %d records, err %v", limit, len(runs), err)
+		}
+		for i, run := range runs {
+			if run.ExitCode != 1104-want+i {
+				t.Fatalf("limit %d, record %d = %d", limit, i, run.ExitCode)
+			}
+			if run.ExitCode != 1103 && run.SessionTitle != strings.Repeat("界", 1500) {
+				t.Fatal("record spanning read blocks was corrupted")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendRunFailurePreservesHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	for _, data := range []string{"{\"exitCode\":7}\n", strings.Repeat("x", 1024*1024)} {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		rec := RunRecord{ExitCode: 8, Error: strings.Repeat("x", 1024*1024)}
+		if err := store.AppendRun(job.ID, rec); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected oversized new record error")
+		}
+		got, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil || string(got) != data {
+			t.Fatalf("failed append changed history: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendRunWithOversizedHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	// An oversized unterminated legacy record must not block future outcomes.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(strings.Repeat("x", maxRunBytes)), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := store.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: 42}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 1)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 1 || runs[0].ExitCode != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("new outcome lost: %+v, %v", runs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunsSkipOversizedLines(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	for _, size := range []int{maxRunBytes - 1, maxRunBytes, maxRunBytes + 4096} {
+		// Valid JSON plus trailing whitespace catches accidental decoding of a
+		// prefix after dropping only the oversized suffix. The exact boundary
+		// also distinguishes an oversized line from the largest allowed line.
+		line := `{"exitCode":99}`
+		line += strings.Repeat(" ", size-len(line))
+		data := line + "\n{\"exitCode\":7}\n" + line + "\n{\"exitCode\":42}\n" + line
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 10)
+		want := []int{7, 42}
+		if size < maxRunBytes {
+			want = []int{99, 7, 99, 42, 99}
+		}
+		if err != nil || len(runs) != len(want) {
+			t.Fatalf("size %d: got %+v, err %v; want %v", size, runs, err, want)
+		}
+		for i, rec := range runs {
+			if rec.ExitCode != want[i] {
+				t.Fatalf("size %d: record %d = %d, want %d", size, i, rec.ExitCode, want[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// An outside reader holding runs.jsonl open makes the Windows replace fail;
+// the outcome must still be recorded rather than dropped.
+func TestAppendRunWhileHistoryHeldOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("{\"exitCode\":7}\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	held, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer held.Close()
+	if err := store.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: 42}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("AppendRun with history held open: %v", err)
+	}
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 10)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 2 || runs[0].ExitCode != 7 || runs[1].ExitCode != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome lost while history held open: %+v, %v", runs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Only a sharing or lock violation falls back to appending. Any other replace
+// failure, including a persistent access denial, and a committed replacement
+// whose backup cleanup failed must leave the log untouched, so history can
+// neither grow past retention nor record an outcome twice.
+func TestAppendRunFallbackOnlyForSharingViolation(t *testing.T) {
+	const seed = "{\"exitCode\":7}\n"
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		err    error
+		append bool
+	}{
+		{"sharing violation", syscall.Errno(32), runtime.GOOS == "windows"},
+		{"access denied", os.ErrPermission, false},
+		{"other", errors.New("boom"), false},
+		{"committed", &fsutil.CommittedReplacementCleanupError{Cause: syscall.Errno(32)}, false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			store := newTestStore(t)
+			job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(seed), 0o600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			store.replace = func(string, string) error { return tc.err }
+			err = store.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: 42})
+			data, readErr := os.ReadFile(path)
+			if readErr != nil {
+				t.Fatal(readErr)
+			}
+			if tc.append {
+				if err != nil || !strings.HasPrefix(string(data), seed) || !strings.Contains(string(data), "\"exitCode\":42") {
+					t.Fatalf("sharing violation dropped the outcome: err %v, log %q", err, data)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if !errors.Is(err, tc.err) {
+				t.Fatalf("AppendRun error = %v, want %v", err, tc.err)
+			}
+			if string(data) != seed {
+				t.Fatalf("non-transient replace failure changed the log: %q", data)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The fallback append must start a fresh line even when the log ends in an
+// unterminated record, so neither record is corrupted.
+func TestAppendRunLineAfterUnterminatedTail(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("{\"exitCode\":7}"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := appendRunLine(path, []byte("{\"exitCode\":42}")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 10)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 2 || runs[0].ExitCode != 7 || runs[1].ExitCode != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback append corrupted history: %+v, %v", runs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHistoryConcurrentStores(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var history bytes.Buffer
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&history).Encode(RunRecord{ExitCode: -1}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl"), history.Bytes(), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 12; i++ {
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			other := NewStore(StoreOptions{RootDir: store.root})
+			if err := other.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: i}); err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+				return
+			}
+			runs, err := other.Runs(job.ID, 1000)
+			if err != nil || len(runs) != 1000 {
+				t.Errorf("inconsistent history: %d records, err %v", len(runs), err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 12)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 12 {
+		t.Fatalf("final tail: %d records, err %v", len(runs), err)
+	}
+	seen := make(map[int]bool)
+	for _, run := range runs {
+		if run.ExitCode < 0 || run.ExitCode >= 12 || seen[run.ExitCode] {
+			t.Fatalf("lost or duplicate concurrent append: %+v", runs)
+		}
+		seen[run.ExitCode] = true
+	}
+}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -16,6 +17,10 @@ import (
 const (
 	StatusActive = "active"
 	StatusPaused = "paused"
+
+	// MaxRunHistory is the number of recent outcomes retained per job.
+	MaxRunHistory = 1000
+	maxRunBytes   = 1024 * 1024
 )

 // ErrJobNotFound is returned (wrapped) by Get when a job's metadata file is
@@ -56,6 +61,9 @@ type StoreOptions struct {
 type Store struct {
 	root string
 	now  func() time.Time
+	// replace overrides the run-history replacement primitive in tests; nil
+	// uses the platform default.
+	replace func(src, dst string) error
 }

 func NewStore(opts StoreOptions) *Store {
@@ -228,8 +236,7 @@ func (s *Store) Update(job Job) error {
 // Remove). It re-reads the CURRENT on-disk job and passes it to mutate along with
 // any read error; mutate returns the job to persist. A removed job aborts with
 // ErrJobNotFound (no recreate). A transient read error (not removal) is surfaced
-// via readErr so the caller can still persist a best-effort state — the fire path
-// advances the schedule regardless, to avoid a re-fire.
+// via readErr; the callback can return it to abort without overwriting state.
 func (s *Store) Mutate(id string, mutate func(current Job, readErr error) (Job, error)) (Job, error) {
 	if !validID(id) {
 		return Job{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid cron job id %q", id)
@@ -309,10 +316,8 @@ func (s *Store) AppendRun(id string, rec RunRecord) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer unlock()
-	// Bail if the job was removed (e.g. mid-run) — otherwise the MkdirAll below
-	// would resurrect a deleted job's directory with an orphaned runs.jsonl and no
-	// metadata.json (which Runs would then still return). Under the per-job lock
-	// this stat-then-write is race-free against a concurrent Remove.
+	// Do not resurrect a job removed mid-run. The lock serializes this check
+	// and publication against Remove and other history writers/readers.
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(s.jobDir(id), "metadata.json")); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			return nil
@@ -320,30 +325,98 @@ func (s *Store) AppendRun(id string, rec RunRecord) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	dir := s.jobDir(id)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(dir, "runs.jsonl"), os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	line, err := json.Marshal(rec)
 	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(line) >= maxRunBytes {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cron run record exceeds %d bytes", maxRunBytes-1)
+	}
+	runs, err := s.readRuns(id, MaxRunHistory-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Publish a complete snapshot even below the retention boundary so readers
+	// never see a partial append. Legacy oversized logs compact on their next run.
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "runs-*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
+	w := bufio.NewWriter(f)
+	for _, run := range runs {
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(run); err != nil {
+			_ = f.Close()
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := w.Write(append(line, '\n')); err != nil {
 		_ = f.Close()
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := f.Write(append(line, '\n')); err != nil {
+	if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
 		_ = f.Close()
 		return err
 	}
 	// Surface a buffered-write failure that only materializes on Close.
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "runs.jsonl")
+	// ReplaceWithRetry keeps a DACL applied to runs.jsonl itself; a rename would
+	// publish the temporary file's inherited directory DACL instead.
+	err = fsutil.ReplaceWithRetry(f.Name(), path, s.replace)
+	var committed *fsutil.CommittedReplacementCleanupError
+	if err == nil || errors.As(err, &committed) || !fsutil.IsSharingOrLockViolation(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Windows refuses to replace a log another process holds open. Append the
+	// record instead so the outcome survives; compaction resumes on a later run.
+	// Other failures are returned so a log that can never be replaced cannot
+	// grow past the retention limit. The leading newline ends any unterminated
+	// tail, and readRuns skips the blank line it may leave. Zero's own readers
+	// hold the job lock.
+	if appendErr := appendRunLine(path, line); appendErr != nil {
+		return errors.Join(err, appendErr)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func appendRunLine(path string, line []byte) error {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	record := append(append([]byte{'\n'}, line...), '\n')
+	if _, err := f.Write(record); err != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		return err
+	}
 	return f.Close()
 }

-func (s *Store) Runs(id string) ([]RunRecord, error) {
+// Runs returns the newest limit valid records in append order (oldest first).
+// Non-positive limits and limits above MaxRunHistory use MaxRunHistory. It reads
+// backwards from the tail, including for legacy logs not yet compacted.
+func (s *Store) Runs(id string, limit int) ([]RunRecord, error) {
 	if !validID(id) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid cron job id %q", id)
 	}
+	if limit <= 0 || limit > MaxRunHistory {
+		limit = MaxRunHistory
+	}
+	unlock, err := s.lockJob(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer unlock()
+	return s.readRuns(id, limit)
+}
+
+// readRuns requires the job lock. Memory is bounded by limit records plus one
+// line. Malformed and oversized legacy lines are skipped so they cannot prevent
+// recording new outcomes during compaction.
+func (s *Store) readRuns(id string, limit int) ([]RunRecord, error) {
 	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(s.jobDir(id), "runs.jsonl"))
 	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -352,14 +425,48 @@ func (s *Store) Runs(id string) ([]RunRecord, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	var runs []RunRecord
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
-	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 1024*1024)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
+	var line []byte
+	oversized := false
+	decode := func() {
+		slices.Reverse(line)
 		var rec RunRecord
-		if json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &rec) == nil {
+		if json.Unmarshal(line, &rec) == nil {
 			runs = append(runs, rec)
 		}
+		line = line[:0]
 	}
-	return runs, scanner.Err()
+	var block [4096]byte
+	for end := info.Size(); end > 0 && len(runs) < limit; {
+		start := max(int64(0), end-int64(len(block)))
+		n, err := f.ReadAt(block[:end-start], start)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for i := n - 1; i >= 0 && len(runs) < limit; i-- {
+			if block[i] == '\n' {
+				if !oversized {
+					decode()
+				}
+				oversized = false
+			} else if !oversized {
+				if len(line) >= maxRunBytes-1 {
+					line = line[:0]
+					oversized = true
+					continue
+				}
+				line = append(line, block[i])
+			}
+		}
+		end = start
+	}
+	if len(runs) < limit && len(line) > 0 {
+		decode()
+	}
+	slices.Reverse(runs)
+	return runs, nil
 }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func TestStoreAppendRun(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("AppendRun: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	runs, err := s.Runs(job.ID)
+	runs, err := s.Runs(job.ID, 0)
 	if err != nil || len(runs) != 3 || runs[2].ExitCode != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("Runs=%v err=%v", runs, err)
 	}
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestStoreRejectsUnsafeID(t *testing.T) {
 		if _, err := s.Get(id); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Get(%q) must be rejected", id)
 		}
-		if _, err := s.Runs(id); err == nil {
+		if _, err := s.Runs(id, 0); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Runs(%q) must be rejected", id)
 		}
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// Compacting runs.jsonl publishes a temporary file carrying the job directory's
+// inherited DACL. A rename would replace a restrictive DACL applied to the log
+// itself, so AppendRun must keep the log's own descriptor.
+func TestAppendRunPreservesHistoryDACL(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newTestStore(t)
+	job, err := store.Add(Job{Prompt: "x"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(store.jobDir(job.ID), "runs.jsonl")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("{\"exitCode\":7}\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A protected DACL granting only the owner: distinct from whatever the
+	// temporary file inherits from the directory.
+	restricted, err := windows.SecurityDescriptorFromString("D:P(A;;FA;;;OW)")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot build a test security descriptor: %v", err)
+	}
+	dacl, _, err := restricted.DACL()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot read the test DACL: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := windows.SetNamedSecurityInfo(
+		path,
+		windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT,
+		windows.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION|windows.PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+		nil, nil, dacl, nil,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot apply a restrictive DACL on this filesystem: %v", err)
+	}
+	want := describeDACL(t, path)
+	if inherited := describeDACL(t, store.jobDir(job.ID)); strings.Contains(inherited, want) {
+		t.Skip("the job directory already carries the same DACL; this filesystem cannot show the difference")
+	}
+
+	if err := store.AppendRun(job.ID, RunRecord{ExitCode: 42}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := describeDACL(t, path); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("DACL after AppendRun = %q, want the log's own %q", got, want)
+	}
+	runs, err := store.Runs(job.ID, 10)
+	if err != nil || len(runs) != 2 || runs[1].ExitCode != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome not published by replacement: %+v, %v", runs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func describeDACL(t *testing.T, path string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	sd, err := windows.GetNamedSecurityInfo(path, windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT, windows.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot read the security descriptor of %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	text := sd.String()
+	if index := strings.Index(text, "D:"); index >= 0 {
+		return text[index:]
+	}
+	return text
+}
@@ -72,9 +72,10 @@ func (w *execWorker) Kill() error {
 	if w.cmd.Process == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	// background.TerminateProcess is the cross-platform terminate (kills the
-	// process group on POSIX, taskkill /T on Windows).
-	return background.TerminateProcess(w.cmd.Process.Pid)
+	// The group the worker was launched into, not one rediscovered from its PID:
+	// the pool may call this after the worker has exited and been waited, and its
+	// children can still be running. See background.TerminateCommandGroup.
+	return background.TerminateCommandGroup(w.cmd)
 }

 // readerLines adapts a bufio.Reader to the Lines interface. Unlike a capped
@@ -154,13 +155,11 @@ func NewExecLauncher(cfg ExecLauncherConfig) (Launcher, error) {
 		background.ConfigureChildProcessGroup(cmd)
 		// CommandContext's default cancel sends os.Process.Kill to the LEADER only,
 		// orphaning the process group we just configured (a stuck worker's children
-		// would survive ctx cancellation). Terminate the whole group instead — the
-		// same cross-platform group terminate Kill() uses (D11).
+		// would survive ctx cancellation). Terminate the whole group instead, the
+		// same launch-time group terminate Kill() uses (D11). Cancel runs while Wait
+		// is in progress, so it must not reap.
 		cmd.Cancel = func() error {
-			if cmd.Process == nil {
-				return nil
-			}
-			return background.TerminateProcess(cmd.Process.Pid)
+			return background.TerminateCommandGroup(cmd)
 		}

 		stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package daemon
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// A WORKER'S CHILDREN ARE STOPPED THROUGH THE GROUP IT WAS LAUNCHED INTO.
+//
+// Kill and the Cancel hook used to hand the worker's PID to
+// background.TerminateProcess, which looks the group up again with Getpgid when it
+// signals. Once the worker has exited and been waited, that lookup fails, only the
+// dead PID is signalled, and whatever the worker left running survives; on Darwin
+// the lookup already fails while the exited worker is still a zombie. The worker
+// here is a shell that backgrounds a sleep, prints its PID and exits, so after the
+// wait the sleep is the only process left in the worker's group. Reported in #861.
+func TestExecWorkerStopsWhatItLeftRunningAfterItExits(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, stop := range []struct {
+		name string
+		run  func(*execWorker) error
+	}{
+		{"Kill", func(worker *execWorker) error { return worker.Kill() }},
+		{"Cancel hook", func(worker *execWorker) error { return worker.cmd.Cancel() }},
+	} {
+		t.Run(stop.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			launcher, err := NewExecLauncher(ExecLauncherConfig{
+				Executable: "/bin/sh",
+				BaseArgs:   []string{"-c", "sleep 300 >/dev/null 2>&1 & echo $!"},
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("NewExecLauncher: %v", err)
+			}
+			handle, err := launcher(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("launch: %v", err)
+			}
+			worker, ok := handle.(*execWorker)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("SETUP INVALID: the launcher returned %T, not the exec worker under test", handle)
+			}
+			line, ok, err := worker.Stdout().Next()
+			if err != nil || !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("read the child's pid: ok=%v err=%v", ok, err)
+			}
+			childPID, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(line))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parse the child's pid %q: %v", line, err)
+			}
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = syscall.Kill(childPID, syscall.SIGKILL) })
+
+			if _, err := worker.Wait(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("wait for the worker: %v", err)
+			}
+			if childStopped(childPID) {
+				t.Fatalf("SETUP INVALID: the worker's child %d is not running, so there is nothing left to stop", childPID)
+			}
+
+			// The pool ignores what Kill returns; the outcome is what matters.
+			_ = stop.run(worker)
+
+			deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+			for !childStopped(childPID) {
+				if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+					t.Fatalf("the worker's child %d survived %s after the worker was reaped", childPID, stop.name)
+				}
+				time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// childStopped reports whether pid is gone or only waiting to be reaped.
+func childStopped(pid int) bool {
+	if errors.Is(syscall.Kill(pid, syscall.Signal(0)), syscall.ESRCH) {
+		return true
+	}
+	state, err := exec.Command("ps", "-o", "stat=", "-p", strconv.Itoa(pid)).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Is(syscall.Kill(pid, syscall.Signal(0)), syscall.ESRCH)
+	}
+	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(state)), "Z")
+}
@@ -17,6 +17,28 @@ const (
 	ExitPermanent = 76
 )

+// Exit codes `zero exec` (internal/cli/exec.go) uses to report a run that
+// finished, or was stopped on purpose, rather than crashed. They are duplicated
+// here because the daemon cannot import the CLI package; keep them in sync.
+const (
+	exitUsage       = 2   // bad flags or arguments: a retry fails the same way
+	exitProvider    = 3   // provider failure the run already surfaced
+	exitIncomplete  = 4   // the agent ran (edits, commands) and stopped unfinished
+	exitInterrupted = 130 // SIGINT: someone stopped it on purpose
+)
+
+// isFinalExit reports whether a worker exit code means the run is over and must
+// not be retried. Retrying would repeat the agent's side effects and re-bill the
+// provider, and append a second run to the same session stream. Only crash-type
+// exits (1, signals) and launch/read errors are worth another attempt.
+func isFinalExit(code int) bool {
+	switch code {
+	case exitUsage, exitProvider, exitIncomplete, exitInterrupted:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // defaultPoolSize, defaultMaxAttempts and defaultKillTimeout are used when a
 // PoolOptions field is left zero.
 const (
@@ -176,7 +198,8 @@ type Sink interface {
 // Run leases a worker slot and dispatches spec to a worker, streaming its
 // stream-json lines to sink. It is at-least-once with bounded retries: a worker
 // that crashes (non-zero, non-permanent) is retried on a fresh worker after a
-// backoff; ExitPermanent or exhausting MaxAttempts returns ErrPermanent. Run
+// backoff; ExitPermanent, a final `zero exec` exit (usage, provider, incomplete,
+// interrupted) or exhausting MaxAttempts returns ErrPermanent. Run
 // queues when all slots are busy. The returned int is the final worker exit code.
 func (p *Pool) Run(ctx context.Context, spec WorkerSpec, sink Sink) (int, error) {
 	if err := p.acquire(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -209,6 +232,9 @@ func (p *Pool) Run(ctx context.Context, spec WorkerSpec, sink Sink) (int, error)
 		case code == ExitPermanent:
 			p.logf("worker %d exited permanently (code=%d) — not retrying", stat.id, code)
 			return code, ErrPermanent
+		case isFinalExit(code):
+			p.logf("worker %d finished with exit code %d — not retrying", stat.id, code)
+			return code, fmt.Errorf("%w: worker %d exited code=%d", ErrPermanent, stat.id, code)
 		case code == ExitTempfail:
 			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("worker %d tempfail (code=%d)", stat.id, code)
 			p.logf("worker %d tempfail — retry after %s", stat.id, p.opts.TempfailDelay)
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package daemon
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -148,6 +149,35 @@ func TestPoolRunPermanentStopsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// A `zero exec` run that ended with usage (2), provider (3), incomplete (4) or
+// interrupted (130) is over: retrying would repeat its side effects and merge a
+// second run into the same session stream.
+func TestPoolRunFinalExitCodesDoNotRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, code := range []int{2, 3, 4, 130} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("exit_%d", code), func(t *testing.T) {
+			launcher, calls := seqLauncher(
+				&fakeWorker{pid: 1, exitCode: code, out: []string{"first run"}},
+				&fakeWorker{pid: 2, exitCode: 0, out: []string{"second run"}},
+			)
+			pool, _ := NewPool(PoolOptions{Size: 1, Launcher: launcher, MaxAttempts: 5, Backoff: func(int) time.Duration { return 0 }})
+			sink := &collectSink{}
+			got, err := pool.Run(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "s"}, sink)
+			if !errors.Is(err, ErrPermanent) {
+				t.Fatalf("Run err = %v, want ErrPermanent", err)
+			}
+			if got != code {
+				t.Fatalf("Run code = %d, want the worker's exit code %d", got, code)
+			}
+			if *calls != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("launcher calls = %d, want 1 (no retry)", *calls)
+			}
+			if len(sink.lines) != 1 || sink.lines[0] != "first run" {
+				t.Fatalf("sink lines = %v, want only the first run's output", sink.lines)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestPoolRunCapExhausted(t *testing.T) {
 	launcher, calls := seqLauncher(
 		&fakeWorker{pid: 1, exitCode: 1},
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ const (
 // ErrSessionExists is returned when starting a session ID already in use.
 var ErrSessionExists = errors.New("daemon: session already exists")

+// ErrSessionOverloaded means the manager's unfinished-session limit is reached.
+var ErrSessionOverloaded = errors.New("daemon: pending session limit reached")
+
 // ErrSessionNotFound is returned by Get/Attach for an unknown session ID.
 var ErrSessionNotFound = errors.New("daemon: session not found")

@@ -219,6 +222,9 @@ func (s *Session) isFinished() bool {
 // daemon does not accumulate finished sessions without limit.
 const defaultMaxSessions = 256

+// defaultMaxPending bounds queued and running sessions independently of history.
+const defaultMaxPending = 256
+
 // SessionManager owns the live session registry and routes each session to a
 // pool worker. Mirrors session-manager.js + roster.js. Finished sessions are
 // retained (so a late `attach` sees history) up to MaxSessions, past which the
@@ -227,8 +233,10 @@ type SessionManager struct {
 	pool        *Pool
 	maxBuffer   int
 	maxSessions int
+	maxPending  int

 	mu       sync.Mutex
+	pending  int // queued + running; protected by mu
 	sessions map[string]*Session
 	order    []string // creation order, for FIFO eviction of finished sessions
 }
@@ -240,6 +248,9 @@ type SessionManagerOptions struct {
 	// MaxSessions caps the retained session registry; 0 => default. The oldest
 	// FINISHED sessions are evicted once the cap is exceeded.
 	MaxSessions int
+	// MaxPending caps unfinished sessions (queued plus running), independently
+	// of retained history. Non-positive values use the default of 256.
+	MaxPending int
 }

 // NewSessionManager builds a manager over pool.
@@ -251,10 +262,15 @@ func NewSessionManager(opts SessionManagerOptions) (*SessionManager, error) {
 	if maxSessions <= 0 {
 		maxSessions = defaultMaxSessions
 	}
+	maxPending := opts.MaxPending
+	if maxPending <= 0 {
+		maxPending = defaultMaxPending
+	}
 	return &SessionManager{
 		pool:        opts.Pool,
 		maxBuffer:   opts.MaxBuffer,
 		maxSessions: maxSessions,
+		maxPending:  maxPending,
 		sessions:    map[string]*Session{},
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -262,13 +278,23 @@ func NewSessionManager(opts SessionManagerOptions) (*SessionManager, error) {
 // Start creates a session for spec and dispatches it to the pool. It returns the
 // Session immediately (non-blocking); the run proceeds in the background and the
 // session transitions queued -> running -> done/failed. A duplicate ID is
-// rejected with ErrSessionExists.
+// rejected with ErrSessionExists; a full admission limit returns
+// ErrSessionOverloaded without creating a session or background goroutine.
 func (m *SessionManager) Start(ctx context.Context, spec WorkerSpec) (*Session, error) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	if _, exists := m.sessions[spec.Session]; exists {
 		m.mu.Unlock()
 		return nil, ErrSessionExists
 	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		m.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if m.pending >= m.maxPending {
+		m.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, ErrSessionOverloaded
+	}
+	m.pending++
 	sess := newSession(spec.Session, spec.Cwd, m.maxBuffer)
 	m.sessions[spec.Session] = sess
 	m.order = append(m.order, spec.Session)
@@ -277,7 +303,11 @@ func (m *SessionManager) Start(ctx context.Context, spec WorkerSpec) (*Session,

 	go func() {
 		code, err := m.pool.Run(ctx, spec, sess)
+		m.mu.Lock()
 		sess.finish(code, err)
+		m.pending--
+		m.pruneLocked()
+		m.mu.Unlock()
 	}()
 	return sess, nil
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package daemon
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -208,6 +210,130 @@ func TestSessionManagerKeepsRunningOverCap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestSessionManagerAdmissionBound(t *testing.T) {
+	block := make(chan struct{})
+	launcher, _ := seqLauncher(&fakeWorker{pid: 1, waitCh: block})
+	pool, _ := NewPool(PoolOptions{Size: 1, Launcher: launcher})
+	mgr, _ := NewSessionManager(SessionManagerOptions{Pool: pool, MaxSessions: 2})
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer func() {
+		cancel()
+		close(block)
+		testutil.WaitFor(t, "all admitted sessions finished", func() bool {
+			mgr.mu.Lock()
+			defer mgr.mu.Unlock()
+			return mgr.pending == 0
+		})
+	}()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var accepted atomic.Int32
+	for i := 0; i < 300; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if _, err := mgr.Start(ctx, WorkerSpec{Session: fmt.Sprintf("s%d", i)}); err == nil {
+				accepted.Add(1)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if got := accepted.Load(); got != 256 {
+		t.Fatalf("accepted %d unfinished sessions, want default bound 256", got)
+	}
+	if got := len(mgr.Statuses()); got != 256 {
+		t.Fatalf("registered %d sessions, want 256", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionManagerCancellationReleasesAdmission(t *testing.T) {
+	block := make(chan struct{})
+	var release sync.Once
+	defer release.Do(func() { close(block) })
+	launcher, _ := seqLauncher(&fakeWorker{pid: 1, waitCh: block}, &fakeWorker{pid: 2, exitCode: ExitPermanent}, &fakeWorker{pid: 3})
+	pool, _ := NewPool(PoolOptions{Size: 1, Launcher: launcher})
+	mgr, _ := NewSessionManager(SessionManagerOptions{Pool: pool, MaxPending: 2, MaxSessions: 10})
+	first, err := mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "running"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testutil.WaitFor(t, "first running", func() bool { return first.State() == SessionRunning })
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	queued, err := mgr.Start(ctx, WorkerSpec{Session: "queued"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if s, err := mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "retry"}); s != nil || !errors.Is(err, ErrSessionOverloaded) {
+		t.Fatalf("overloaded Start = (%v, %v)", s, err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := mgr.Get("retry"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("rejected session was registered")
+	}
+	if _, err := mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "running"}); !errors.Is(err, ErrSessionExists) {
+		t.Fatalf("duplicate at capacity: %v", err)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	testutil.WaitFor(t, "queued cancellation", func() bool { return queued.State() == SessionFailed })
+	if !errors.Is(queued.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("queued error = %v", queued.Err())
+	}
+	if s, err := mgr.Start(ctx, WorkerSpec{Session: "canceled"}); s != nil || !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("canceled Start = (%v, %v)", s, err)
+	}
+	retry, err := mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "retry"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("capacity not released after cancellation: %v", err)
+	}
+	release.Do(func() { close(block) })
+	testutil.WaitFor(t, "first completed", func() bool { return first.State() == SessionDone })
+	testutil.WaitFor(t, "retry failed", func() bool { return retry.State() == SessionFailed })
+	if !errors.Is(retry.Err(), ErrPermanent) {
+		t.Fatalf("retry error = %v", retry.Err())
+	}
+	last, err := mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: "last"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testutil.WaitFor(t, "last completed", func() bool { return last.State() == SessionDone })
+	mgr.mu.Lock()
+	defer mgr.mu.Unlock()
+	if mgr.pending != 0 || len(mgr.sessions) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("pending=%d retained=%d, want 0 and 4", mgr.pending, len(mgr.sessions))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionManagerPrunesOnCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	block := make(chan struct{})
+	var release sync.Once
+	defer release.Do(func() { close(block) })
+	launcher, _ := seqLauncher(
+		&fakeWorker{pid: 1, waitCh: block},
+		&fakeWorker{pid: 2},
+		&fakeWorker{pid: 3, exitCode: ExitPermanent},
+	)
+	pool, _ := NewPool(PoolOptions{Size: 1, Launcher: launcher})
+	mgr, _ := NewSessionManager(SessionManagerOptions{Pool: pool, MaxSessions: 2})
+	sessions := make([]*Session, 3)
+	for i := range sessions {
+		var err error
+		sessions[i], err = mgr.Start(context.Background(), WorkerSpec{Session: fmt.Sprintf("s%d", i)})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	release.Do(func() { close(block) })
+	for _, s := range sessions {
+		select {
+		case <-s.Done():
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("session did not finish")
+		}
+	}
+	if got := len(mgr.Statuses()); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("retained %d completed sessions without another Start, want 2", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSessionStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 	launcher, _ := seqLauncher(&fakeWorker{pid: 1, out: []string{"l"}, exitCode: 0})
 	pool, _ := NewPool(PoolOptions{Size: 1, Launcher: launcher})
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const (
 	Connectivity
 	ModelNotFound
 	ContextOverflow
+	LocalRPM
 )

 // providerMarkers are the prefixes the provider layer attaches to every
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ func Classify(err error) Category {
 		return Unknown
 	}
 	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(m, "rate limit error: local rpm limit for"):
+		return LocalRPM
 	case containsAny(m, "auth error:", "unauthorized", "api key", "api_key", "invalid_api_key",
 		"authentication", "permission denied", "forbidden") || containsStatusCode(m, "401", "403"):
 		return Auth
@@ -89,6 +92,8 @@ func TUIHint(err error) string {
 		return "API key rejected — run /provider to re-check your credentials"
 	case RateLimit:
 		return "Rate limited — wait a moment, or switch model with /model"
+	case LocalRPM:
+		return "Local modelRPM cap reached — wait for the window to expire, or switch model with /model"
 	case Connectivity:
 		return "Can't reach the provider — run /doctor --connectivity"
 	case ModelNotFound:
@@ -109,6 +114,8 @@ func CLIHint(err error) string {
 		return "API key rejected — run `zero setup`, `zero auth openrouter` for OpenRouter, or set the provider's API key"
 	case RateLimit:
 		return "Rate limited — wait a moment, or switch model with --model"
+	case LocalRPM:
+		return "Local modelRPM cap reached — wait for the window to expire, or switch model with --model"
 	case Connectivity:
 		return "Can't reach the provider — run `zero doctor`"
 	case ModelNotFound:
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ func TestClassify(t *testing.T) {
 		{"raw 401", "provider request error: 401 Unauthorized", Auth},
 		{"invalid api key", "provider request error: invalid_api_key: incorrect key provided", Auth},
 		{"rate limit prefix", "rate limit error: 429 too many requests", RateLimit},
+		{"local RPM", `rate limit error: local RPM limit for "gpt-4.1" (2 requests/60s); retry in 12s`, LocalRPM},
 		{"overloaded", "provider error: model is overloaded, please retry", RateLimit},
 		{"resource exhausted gemini", "provider stream error: rpc error: code = ResourceExhausted desc = quota exceeded", RateLimit},
 		{"context length openai", "provider request error: this model's maximum context length is 128000 tokens", ContextOverflow},
@@ -24,11 +24,15 @@ const (
 var (
 	ErrProcessNotFound      = errors.New("execution process not found")
 	ErrProcessStdinDisabled = errors.New("execution process does not accept stdin")
+	ErrProcessCapacity      = errors.New("execution process capacity reached; stop a running process before starting another")
 )

 type ProcessManagerOptions struct {
 	CompletedRetention time.Duration
-	MaxProcesses       int
+	// MaxProcesses bounds retained processes and in-flight launches. Completed
+	// history is pruned before rejecting a start; live processes are never evicted.
+	// Zero uses the default limit; a negative value disables the limit.
+	MaxProcesses int
 }

 // ProcessManager owns retained interactive-process identity, transport,
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ type ProcessManager struct {
 	mu                 sync.Mutex
 	nextID             int
 	processes          map[int]*managedProcess
+	starting           int
 	completedRetention time.Duration
 	maxProcesses       int
 	startTransport     processTransportStarter
@@ -120,12 +125,21 @@ func (manager *ProcessManager) Start(ctx context.Context, input ProcessStart, wa
 	if input.Prepared.Command == nil {
 		return ProcessResult{}, errors.New("prepared execution has no command")
 	}
+	if err := manager.reserve(); err != nil {
+		if input.Prepared.Cleanup != nil {
+			input.Prepared.Cleanup()
+		}
+		return ProcessResult{}, err
+	}
 	command := input.Prepared.Command
 	buffer := newProcessOutputBuffer()
 	request := input.Request
 	observer := NewChangeObserver(request.WorkspaceRoots[0])
 	stdin, tty, transportCleanup, err := manager.startTransport(command, buffer, input.TTY)
 	if err != nil {
+		manager.mu.Lock()
+		manager.starting--
+		manager.mu.Unlock()
 		if input.Prepared.Cleanup != nil {
 			input.Prepared.Cleanup()
 		}
@@ -331,9 +345,13 @@ func (manager *ProcessManager) StopAll() []int {
 	return ids
 }

+// Remove forgets completed history only. A live process must remain tracked
+// until completion, even if a termination attempt fails.
 func (manager *ProcessManager) Remove(id int) {
 	manager.mu.Lock()
-	delete(manager.processes, id)
+	if process, ok := manager.processes[id]; ok && process.doneClosed() {
+		delete(manager.processes, id)
+	}
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
 }

@@ -358,22 +376,25 @@ func (manager *ProcessManager) get(id int) (*managedProcess, bool) {
 	return process, ok
 }

+func (manager *ProcessManager) reserve() error {
+	manager.mu.Lock()
+	defer manager.mu.Unlock()
+	if manager.maxProcesses > 0 && len(manager.processes)+manager.starting >= manager.maxProcesses {
+		completed := manager.processToPruneLocked()
+		if completed == nil {
+			return ErrProcessCapacity
+		}
+		delete(manager.processes, completed.id)
+	}
+	manager.starting++
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (manager *ProcessManager) store(process *managedProcess) {
 	manager.mu.Lock()
-	var evicted *managedProcess
-	if manager.maxProcesses > 0 && len(manager.processes) >= manager.maxProcesses {
-		evicted = manager.processToPruneLocked()
-		if evicted != nil && evicted.doneClosed() {
-			delete(manager.processes, evicted.id)
-			evicted = nil
-		}
-	}
+	manager.starting--
 	manager.processes[process.id] = process
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
-	if evicted != nil {
-		_, _ = evicted.output.Write([]byte("[zero] session evicted: too many background terminals\n"))
-		evicted.terminate()
-	}
 }

 func (manager *ProcessManager) processToPruneLocked() *managedProcess {
@@ -387,9 +408,6 @@ func (manager *ProcessManager) processToPruneLocked() *managedProcess {
 			return process
 		}
 	}
-	if len(processes) > 8 {
-		return processes[0]
-	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package execution
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -23,6 +24,145 @@ func processManagerRequest(root string, command *exec.Cmd) Request {
 	}
 }

+func TestProcessManagerReservesCapacityBeforeTransport(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	manager := NewProcessManager(ProcessManagerOptions{MaxProcesses: 1})
+	entered := make(chan struct{}, 20)
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	launchErr := errors.New("transport failed")
+	manager.startTransport = func(*exec.Cmd, io.Writer, bool) (io.WriteCloser, bool, func(), error) {
+		entered <- struct{}{}
+		<-release
+		return nil, false, nil, launchErr
+	}
+	start := func() error {
+		command := exec.Command(os.Args[0])
+		cleaned := false
+		_, err := manager.Start(context.Background(), ProcessStart{
+			Prepared: PreparedCommand{Command: command, Cleanup: func() { cleaned = true }},
+			Request:  processManagerRequest(root, command),
+		}, 0)
+		if !cleaned {
+			t.Error("failed admission or launch did not clean prepared resources")
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	first := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { first <- start() }()
+	<-entered
+	results := make(chan error, 16)
+	for range 16 {
+		go func() { results <- start() }()
+	}
+	// Release blocked transports even when testing the unfixed implementation.
+	select {
+	case <-entered:
+		close(release)
+		<-first
+		for range 16 {
+			<-results
+		}
+		t.Fatal("additional transport launched while the only slot was reserved")
+	case err := <-results:
+		if err == nil || errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+			t.Errorf("full manager returned %v, want capacity error", err)
+		}
+	}
+	for range 15 {
+		if err := <-results; err == nil || errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+			t.Errorf("full manager returned %v, want capacity error", err)
+		}
+	}
+	close(release)
+	if err := <-first; !errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("first launch = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := start(); !errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("failed launch did not release reservation: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessManagerCapacityDoesNotEvictLiveProcesses(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, limit := range []int{1, 9} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(limit), func(t *testing.T) {
+			root := t.TempDir()
+			manager := NewProcessManager(ProcessManagerOptions{MaxProcesses: limit})
+			kills := 0
+			for id := range limit {
+				manager.processes[id] = &managedProcess{
+					id: id, command: &exec.Cmd{Process: &os.Process{Pid: 123}},
+					done: make(chan struct{}), output: newProcessOutputBuffer(),
+					kill: func(int) error { kills++; return errors.New("kill failed") },
+				}
+			}
+			manager.Stop(0)   // A failed kill must not free capacity.
+			manager.Remove(0) // Nor may removing a live identity bypass the limit.
+			launches := 0
+			launchErr := errors.New("unexpected launch")
+			manager.startTransport = func(*exec.Cmd, io.Writer, bool) (io.WriteCloser, bool, func(), error) {
+				launches++
+				return nil, false, nil, launchErr
+			}
+			command := exec.Command(os.Args[0])
+			input := ProcessStart{Prepared: PreparedCommand{Command: command}, Request: processManagerRequest(root, command)}
+			if _, err := manager.Start(context.Background(), input, 0); err == nil || errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("full manager returned %v, want capacity error before launch", err)
+			}
+			if launches != 0 || kills != 1 || manager.Len() != limit {
+				t.Fatalf("launches=%d kills=%d retained=%d", launches, kills, manager.Len())
+			}
+			manager.processes[0].markDone(nil, 0, AdapterReport{}, nil, nil)
+			if _, err := manager.Start(context.Background(), input, 0); !errors.Is(err, launchErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("completed history did not free capacity: %v", err)
+			}
+			if launches != 1 || manager.Len() != limit-1 {
+				t.Fatalf("launches=%d retained=%d after completion", launches, manager.Len())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessManagerCapacityHelper(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("ZERO_PROCESS_CAPACITY_HELPER") != "1" {
+		return
+	}
+	time.Sleep(time.Minute)
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+func TestProcessManagerCapacityWithRunningProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	manager := NewProcessManager(ProcessManagerOptions{MaxProcesses: 1})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { manager.StopAll() })
+	start := func() (ProcessResult, *exec.Cmd, error) {
+		command := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=^TestProcessManagerCapacityHelper$")
+		command.Env = append(os.Environ(), "ZERO_PROCESS_CAPACITY_HELPER=1")
+		result, err := manager.Start(context.Background(), ProcessStart{
+			Prepared: PreparedCommand{Command: command}, Request: processManagerRequest(root, command),
+		}, 0)
+		return result, command, err
+	}
+	first, _, err := start()
+	if err != nil || first.Exited {
+		t.Fatalf("first start = %+v, %v", first, err)
+	}
+	if _, command, err := start(); err == nil || command.Process != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second start = %v, process=%v; want rejection before OS launch", err, command.Process)
+	}
+	if got := len(manager.List()); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("live processes = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	stopped, err := manager.Continue(context.Background(), ProcessContinue{
+		ProcessID: first.ProcessID, Interrupt: true, Wait: 10 * time.Second,
+	})
+	if err != nil || !stopped.Exited {
+		t.Fatalf("stop = %+v, %v", stopped, err)
+	}
+	if next, _, err := start(); err != nil || next.Exited {
+		t.Fatalf("start after completion = %+v, %v", next, err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestProcessManagerRetainsAndContinuesWithStableIdentity(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("test command uses a POSIX shell")
@@ -75,6 +75,14 @@ func RenameWithRetry(src, dst string, rename func(src, dst string) error) error
 	return err
 }

+// IsSharingOrLockViolation reports whether err is a Windows sharing or lock
+// violation: another open handle on the file denies the requested access. It
+// is always false on other platforms, where the same errno values mean
+// unrelated errors.
+func IsSharingOrLockViolation(err error) bool {
+	return runtime.GOOS == "windows" && isWindowsSharingOrLockViolation(err)
+}
+
 func isWindowsSharingOrLockViolation(err error) bool {
 	var errno syscall.Errno
 	if errors.As(err, &errno) {
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package fsutil

 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
@@ -45,3 +46,22 @@ func TestRenameWithRetryNonRetryableError(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected only 1 attempt for non-retryable error, got %d", attempts)
 	}
 }
+
+// Errno 32 and 33 are EPIPE and EDOM on Unix, so only Windows may classify them.
+func TestIsSharingOrLockViolation(t *testing.T) {
+	onWindows := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{syscall.Errno(32), onWindows},
+		{fmt.Errorf("wrapped: %w", syscall.Errno(33)), onWindows},
+		{syscall.Errno(5), false}, // ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
+		{errors.New("other"), false},
+		{nil, false},
+	} {
+		if got := IsSharingOrLockViolation(tc.err); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("IsSharingOrLockViolation(%v) = %v, want %v", tc.err, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package gitsafe
+
+import (
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The packages whose git calls Zero makes on its own. The CLI runs git for the
+// scratch-file warning and the TUI for its files sweep and pull request
+// diffstat; each call has to come through Command.
+var automaticGitPackages = []string{
+	filepath.Join("..", "cli"),
+	filepath.Join("..", "tui"),
+}
+
+// parsePackage parses the non-test Go files in dir.
+func parsePackage(t *testing.T, dir string) (*token.FileSet, []*ast.File) {
+	t.Helper()
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read %s: %v", dir, err)
+	}
+	fset := token.NewFileSet()
+	var files []*ast.File
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		name := entry.Name()
+		if entry.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".go") || strings.HasSuffix(name, "_test.go") {
+			continue
+		}
+		file, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, filepath.Join(dir, name), nil, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("parse %s: %v", name, err)
+		}
+		files = append(files, file)
+	}
+	if len(files) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no Go files in %s", dir)
+	}
+	return fset, files
+}
+
+// importName is the name file uses for the package at path, or "" when the
+// file does not import it.
+func importName(file *ast.File, path string) string {
+	for _, spec := range file.Imports {
+		if value, err := strconv.Unquote(spec.Path.Value); err != nil || value != path {
+			continue
+		}
+		if spec.Name != nil {
+			return spec.Name.Name
+		}
+		return filepath.Base(path)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// directGitExecs lists the exec.Command and exec.CommandContext calls in files
+// whose program is the literal "git".
+func directGitExecs(fset *token.FileSet, files []*ast.File) []string {
+	var found []string
+	for _, file := range files {
+		execName := importName(file, "os/exec")
+		if execName == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		ast.Inspect(file, func(node ast.Node) bool {
+			call, ok := node.(*ast.CallExpr)
+			if !ok {
+				return true
+			}
+			selector, ok := call.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr)
+			if !ok {
+				return true
+			}
+			if pkg, ok := selector.X.(*ast.Ident); !ok || pkg.Name != execName {
+				return true
+			}
+			program := 0
+			switch selector.Sel.Name {
+			case "Command":
+			case "CommandContext":
+				program = 1
+			default:
+				return true
+			}
+			if len(call.Args) <= program {
+				return true
+			}
+			if literal, ok := call.Args[program].(*ast.BasicLit); ok && literal.Kind == token.STRING {
+				if value, err := strconv.Unquote(literal.Value); err == nil && value == "git" {
+					found = append(found, fset.Position(call.Pos()).String())
+				}
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+	}
+	return found
+}
+
+func TestAutomaticGitCallsDoNotExecGitDirectly(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, dir := range automaticGitPackages {
+		fset, files := parsePackage(t, dir)
+		for _, position := range directGitExecs(fset, files) {
+			t.Errorf("%s runs git directly; go through gitsafe.Command so the repository's config cannot make it run a program", position)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// gitArguments returns the git arguments of call when it is gitsafe.Command or a
+// runner called with the program "git" (the TUI's runner(ctx, cwd, "git", ...)),
+// as far as they are string literals.
+func gitArguments(call *ast.CallExpr, gitsafeName string) ([]string, bool) {
+	start := -1
+	if selector, ok := call.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr); ok && gitsafeName != "" && selector.Sel.Name == "Command" {
+		if pkg, ok := selector.X.(*ast.Ident); ok && pkg.Name == gitsafeName {
+			start = 2
+		}
+	}
+	if start < 0 {
+		for index, argument := range call.Args {
+			if literal, ok := argument.(*ast.BasicLit); ok && literal.Kind == token.STRING && literal.Value == `"git"` {
+				start = index + 1
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if start < 0 || start > len(call.Args) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	var arguments []string
+	for _, argument := range call.Args[start:] {
+		if literal, ok := argument.(*ast.BasicLit); ok && literal.Kind == token.STRING {
+			if value, err := strconv.Unquote(literal.Value); err == nil {
+				arguments = append(arguments, value)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		arguments = append(arguments, "")
+	}
+	return arguments, true
+}
+
+// A submodule has its own config, which Command does not check, so the
+// automatic status and diff calls stay out of submodule work trees.
+func TestAutomaticStatusAndDiffSkipSubmoduleWorkTrees(t *testing.T) {
+	checked := 0
+	for _, dir := range automaticGitPackages {
+		fset, files := parsePackage(t, dir)
+		for _, file := range files {
+			gitsafeName := importName(file, "github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/gitsafe")
+			ast.Inspect(file, func(node ast.Node) bool {
+				call, ok := node.(*ast.CallExpr)
+				if !ok {
+					return true
+				}
+				arguments, ok := gitArguments(call, gitsafeName)
+				if !ok || len(arguments) == 0 || (arguments[0] != "status" && arguments[0] != "diff") {
+					return true
+				}
+				checked++
+				for _, argument := range arguments {
+					if argument == "--ignore-submodules=dirty" {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				t.Errorf("%s runs git %s without --ignore-submodules=dirty", fset.Position(call.Pos()), arguments[0])
+				return true
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	// The scratch-file status, the files sweep's status and diff, and the pull
+	// request diffstat.
+	if checked != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("checked %d automatic status or diff calls, want 4; update this test when they change", checked)
+	}
+}
+
+// The TUI runs every git command through one runner, whose program name is a
+// parameter, so the check above cannot see it. The runner has to hand git to
+// Command itself.
+func TestTUICommandRunnerSendsGitThroughCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	_, files := parsePackage(t, filepath.Join("..", "tui"))
+	var runner *ast.FuncDecl
+	var runnerFile *ast.File
+	for _, file := range files {
+		for _, declaration := range file.Decls {
+			if function, ok := declaration.(*ast.FuncDecl); ok && function.Recv == nil && function.Name.Name == "defaultPRCommandRunner" {
+				runner, runnerFile = function, file
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if runner == nil {
+		t.Fatal("defaultPRCommandRunner not found in internal/tui")
+	}
+	gitsafeName := importName(runnerFile, "github.com/Gitlawb/zero/internal/gitsafe")
+	calls := false
+	if gitsafeName != "" {
+		ast.Inspect(runner.Body, func(node ast.Node) bool {
+			if call, ok := node.(*ast.CallExpr); ok {
+				if selector, ok := call.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr); ok && selector.Sel.Name == "Command" {
+					if pkg, ok := selector.X.(*ast.Ident); ok && pkg.Name == gitsafeName {
+						calls = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return !calls
+		})
+	}
+	if !calls {
+		t.Fatal("defaultPRCommandRunner does not call gitsafe.Command, so the TUI's git calls skip it")
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Package gitsafe builds the read-only git commands Zero runs on its own, as
+// opposed to a git command the user or the model asked for: the status and diff
+// calls behind the TUI's changed-files sweep, its pull request diffstat and the
+// scratch-file warning, which run without anyone asking for git.
+//
+// A REPOSITORY CAN MAKE THOSE COMMANDS RUN A PROGRAM. git status and git diff read
+// the repository's own .git/config, and several keys there name programs git then
+// runs: core.fsmonitor on every status, a clean filter or diff driver assigned
+// through .gitattributes whenever a file's content has to be read, and hooks such
+// as post-index-change when the index is rewritten. A repository unpacked from an
+// archive or handed over as a directory carries that config, and Zero would run it
+// on the first turn, although it refuses the same workspace's project hooks and
+// plugins until the user trusts it.
+//
+// The single-key cases are switched off on the command line. Filter and diff
+// driver commands are named per driver, so they cannot be switched off without
+// knowing the names; a repository whose own config defines any is skipped instead.
+// Commands defined in the user's own global config, such as git-lfs, are the
+// user's choice and are not affected.
+package gitsafe
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands is returned for a repository whose own config
+// defines a filter or diff driver command. The caller goes without the git
+// information rather than run it.
+var ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands = errors.New("the repository's own git config defines a filter or diff command, so Zero does not run git there on its own")
+
+// commandKeys matches the config keys whose value is a program git can run while
+// computing status or a diff, and which are named per driver. Git prints section
+// and variable names in lower case, so the patterns do not need to fold case.
+const commandKeys = `filter\..+\.(clean|smudge|process)|diff\..+\.(command|textconv)|diff\.external`
+
+// worktreeConfigKey makes git also read per-worktree config (config.worktree),
+// which a --local read leaves out. Without it git ignores that file.
+const worktreeConfigKey = "extensions.worktreeconfig"
+
+const (
+	localConfigPattern    = `^(` + commandKeys + `|extensions\.worktreeconfig)$`
+	worktreeConfigPattern = `^(` + commandKeys + `)$`
+)
+
+// Command returns git with args, run in dir, with the programs a repository can
+// configure turned off. It fails with ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands when the
+// repository's own config defines a filter or diff driver command, and with git's
+// own error when dir is not inside a repository.
+//
+// Callers that inspect a work tree that may contain submodules should also pass
+// --ignore-submodules=dirty: a submodule has its own config, which this does not
+// read, and git only runs commands there when it looks inside the submodule.
+func Command(ctx context.Context, dir string, args ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
+	env := environment()
+	defines, err := repositoryDefinesCommands(ctx, dir, env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if defines {
+		return nil, ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands
+	}
+	command := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", append(disabledPrograms(), args...)...)
+	command.Dir = dir
+	// No opportunistic index refresh: a read-only call never rewrites the index,
+	// so it never triggers the hooks that run when the index is written. Git
+	// before 2.15 does not know the variable and ignores it.
+	command.Env = append(env, "GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS=0")
+	return command, nil
+}
+
+// disabledPrograms turns off the single-key ways a repository runs a program
+// during status or diff. Git ignores a key it does not know, so an older git
+// without hooksPath (2.9) or fsmonitor (2.16) accepts these unchanged.
+func disabledPrograms() []string {
+	return []string{"-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "-c", "core.hooksPath=" + os.DevNull}
+}
+
+// repositoryLocationVariables make git use a given repository, work tree or
+// index instead of discovering them from the working directory. Git exports
+// them to hooks, so a Zero started from a hook inherits the hook's repository.
+var repositoryLocationVariables = []string{
+	"GIT_DIR", "GIT_WORK_TREE", "GIT_INDEX_FILE", "GIT_COMMON_DIR",
+	"GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY", "GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES", "GIT_NAMESPACE", "GIT_PREFIX",
+}
+
+// environment is Zero's environment without the repository-location variables,
+// so git finds the repository from dir. The config check and the command share
+// it: checking one repository's config and then running git in another would
+// let the second one's commands through.
+func environment() []string {
+	parent := os.Environ()
+	env := make([]string, 0, len(parent)+1)
+	for _, entry := range parent {
+		name, _, _ := strings.Cut(entry, "=")
+		if !isRepositoryLocationVariable(name) {
+			env = append(env, entry)
+		}
+	}
+	return env
+}
+
+func isRepositoryLocationVariable(name string) bool {
+	for _, variable := range repositoryLocationVariables {
+		// Windows environment names are case-insensitive.
+		if name == variable || (runtime.GOOS == "windows" && strings.EqualFold(name, variable)) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// repositoryDefinesCommands reports whether the repository's own config, with
+// includes followed, defines a filter or diff driver command. The local config is
+// read once, together with the key that turns on per-worktree config, and that
+// file is read only when it is on, so most repositories cost one git process.
+// Reading config runs nothing.
+func repositoryDefinesCommands(ctx context.Context, dir string, env []string) (bool, error) {
+	entries, err := readConfig(ctx, dir, env, "--local", localConfigPattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	worktreeConfig := false
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.key != worktreeConfigKey {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+		worktreeConfig = !configFalse(entry.value)
+	}
+	if !worktreeConfig {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	// The extension needs git 2.20, which also has --worktree, so a failure here
+	// is real and the caller goes without git.
+	entries, err = readConfig(ctx, dir, env, "--worktree", worktreeConfigPattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return len(entries) > 0, nil
+}
+
+// configFalse reports whether a config value is one of git's spellings of false.
+// Anything else, including a key with no value, counts as on, so an unexpected
+// spelling costs one more read rather than skipping the file.
+func configFalse(value string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value)) {
+	case "false", "no", "off", "0":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type configEntry struct {
+	key   string
+	value string
+}
+
+// readConfig returns the entries in one config scope whose key matches pattern.
+// It is a variable so tests can answer for git.
+var readConfig = func(ctx context.Context, dir string, env []string, scope string, pattern string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+	command := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", "config", "-z", scope, "--includes", "--get-regexp", pattern)
+	command.Dir = dir
+	command.Env = env
+	output, err := command.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		var exit *exec.ExitError
+		if errors.As(err, &exit) && exit.ExitCode() == 1 {
+			return nil, nil // no key matched
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseConfigEntries(output), nil
+}
+
+// parseConfigEntries splits git config -z output: each entry ends with a NUL,
+// and a newline separates the key from its value when there is one.
+func parseConfigEntries(output []byte) []configEntry {
+	var entries []configEntry
+	for _, record := range bytes.Split(output, []byte{0}) {
+		if len(record) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		key, value, _ := bytes.Cut(record, []byte{'\n'})
+		entries = append(entries, configEntry{key: string(key), value: string(value)})
+	}
+	return entries
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+package gitsafe
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type configCall struct {
+	scope string
+	env   []string
+}
+
+// answerConfig stands in for git's config read and records each call.
+func answerConfig(t *testing.T, answer func(scope string) ([]configEntry, error)) *[]configCall {
+	t.Helper()
+	var calls []configCall
+	previous := readConfig
+	readConfig = func(_ context.Context, _ string, env []string, scope string, _ string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+		calls = append(calls, configCall{scope: scope, env: env})
+		return answer(scope)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { readConfig = previous })
+	return &calls
+}
+
+func noEntries(string) ([]configEntry, error) { return nil, nil }
+
+func scopes(calls *[]configCall) []string {
+	var read []string
+	for _, call := range *calls {
+		read = append(read, call.scope)
+	}
+	return read
+}
+
+// effectiveEnv returns the value a child process gets for name: os/exec keeps
+// the last entry for a name, compared without case on Windows.
+func effectiveEnv(env []string, name string) (string, bool) {
+	value, found := "", false
+	for _, entry := range env {
+		key, rest, ok := strings.Cut(entry, "=")
+		if ok && (key == name || (runtime.GOOS == "windows" && strings.EqualFold(key, name))) {
+			value, found = rest, true
+		}
+	}
+	return value, found
+}
+
+func TestCommandTurnsOffRepositoryPrograms(t *testing.T) {
+	answerConfig(t, noEntries)
+	t.Setenv("GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS", "1")
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	command, err := Command(context.Background(), dir, "status", "--porcelain")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Command: %v", err)
+	}
+	want := []string{"git", "-c", "core.fsmonitor=false", "-c", "core.hooksPath=" + os.DevNull, "status", "--porcelain"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(command.Args, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("args = %q, want %q", command.Args, want)
+	}
+	if command.Dir != dir {
+		t.Fatalf("dir = %q, want %q", command.Dir, dir)
+	}
+	// An inherited GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS must not turn the index refresh back on.
+	if value, _ := effectiveEnv(command.Env, "GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS"); value != "0" {
+		t.Fatalf("effective GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS = %q, want 0", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCommandDropsRepositoryLocationVariables(t *testing.T) {
+	// Turn per-worktree config on so both reads happen and both are checked.
+	calls := answerConfig(t, func(scope string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+		if scope == "--local" {
+			return []configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "true"}}, nil
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	})
+	elsewhere := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "elsewhere")
+	for _, name := range repositoryLocationVariables {
+		t.Setenv(name, elsewhere)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("ZERO_GITSAFE_TEST_KEPT", "kept")
+
+	command, err := Command(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "status")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Command: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, name := range repositoryLocationVariables {
+		if value, found := effectiveEnv(command.Env, name); found {
+			t.Fatalf("%s=%q reached git", name, value)
+		}
+	}
+	if value, _ := effectiveEnv(command.Env, "ZERO_GITSAFE_TEST_KEPT"); value != "kept" {
+		t.Fatalf("an unrelated variable was dropped: %q", value)
+	}
+	// The config check has to look at the repository the command runs in, so it
+	// gets the same environment, minus only the lock variable added afterwards.
+	if got := scopes(calls); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"--local", "--worktree"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("config reads = %q, want --local then --worktree", got)
+	}
+	for _, call := range *calls {
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(call.env, command.Env[:len(command.Env)-1]) {
+			t.Fatalf("the %s config read ran with a different environment than the command", call.scope)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLocationVariableNamesFoldCaseOnlyOnWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	if !isRepositoryLocationVariable("GIT_DIR") {
+		t.Fatal("GIT_DIR not recognised")
+	}
+	if got, want := isRepositoryLocationVariable("Git_Dir"), runtime.GOOS == "windows"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("Git_Dir recognised = %v, want %v on %s", got, want, runtime.GOOS)
+	}
+	for _, name := range []string{"GIT_DIRECTORY", "MY_GIT_DIR", "GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL", ""} {
+		if isRepositoryLocationVariable(name) {
+			t.Fatalf("%q treated as a repository-location variable", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCommandRefusesRepositoryThatDefinesCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	enabled := configEntry{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "true"}
+	command := configEntry{key: "filter.x.clean", value: "x"}
+	cases := map[string]map[string][]configEntry{
+		"local":                     {"--local": {command}},
+		"local after the extension": {"--local": {enabled, command}},
+		"per-worktree":              {"--local": {enabled}, "--worktree": {{key: "diff.x.textconv", value: "x"}}},
+	}
+	for name, answers := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			answerConfig(t, func(scope string) ([]configEntry, error) { return answers[scope], nil })
+			got, err := Command(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "status")
+			if !errors.Is(err, ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands) {
+				t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrRepositoryDefinesCommands", err)
+			}
+			if got != nil {
+				t.Fatal("a command came back for a repository that defines commands")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCommandReadsPerWorktreeConfigOnlyWhenItIsOn(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		local []configEntry
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		"no extension":            {nil, []string{"--local"}},
+		"extension off":           {[]configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "false"}}, []string{"--local"}},
+		"extension off as no":     {[]configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "No"}}, []string{"--local"}},
+		"extension on":            {[]configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "true"}}, []string{"--local", "--worktree"}},
+		"extension with no value": {[]configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey}}, []string{"--local", "--worktree"}},
+		"turned off again":        {[]configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "true"}, {key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "off"}}, []string{"--local"}},
+	}
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			calls := answerConfig(t, func(scope string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+				if scope == "--local" {
+					return tc.local, nil
+				}
+				return nil, nil
+			})
+			if _, err := Command(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "status"); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Command: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got := scopes(calls); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("config reads = %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCommandFailsWhenConfigCannotBeRead(t *testing.T) {
+	unreadable := errors.New("not a git repository")
+	for _, failing := range []string{"--local", "--worktree"} {
+		t.Run(failing, func(t *testing.T) {
+			answerConfig(t, func(scope string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+				if scope == failing {
+					return nil, unreadable
+				}
+				return []configEntry{{key: worktreeConfigKey, value: "true"}}, nil
+			})
+			if _, err := Command(context.Background(), t.TempDir(), "status"); !errors.Is(err, unreadable) {
+				t.Fatalf("err = %v, want the config read error", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Go's regexp stands in for git's extended regex here; the patterns use nothing
+// the two treat differently.
+func TestConfigPatterns(t *testing.T) {
+	local := regexp.MustCompile(localConfigPattern)
+	worktree := regexp.MustCompile(worktreeConfigPattern)
+	for _, key := range []string{
+		"filter.lfs.clean", "filter.lfs.smudge", "filter.lfs.process", "filter.a.b.clean",
+		"diff.word.textconv", "diff.tool.command", "diff.external",
+	} {
+		if !local.MatchString(key) || !worktree.MatchString(key) {
+			t.Errorf("%s is not matched in both scopes", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if !local.MatchString(worktreeConfigKey) || worktree.MatchString(worktreeConfigKey) {
+		t.Errorf("%s belongs to the local read only", worktreeConfigKey)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{
+		"filter.lfs.required", "diff.word.cachetextconv", "diff.word.binary",
+		"core.fsmonitor", "diff.external.x", "diff.renames", "extensions.worktreeconfigx",
+	} {
+		if local.MatchString(key) || worktree.MatchString(key) {
+			t.Errorf("%s is matched", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseConfigEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	got := parseConfigEntries([]byte("filter.x.clean\nrun this\nand that\x00extensions.worktreeconfig\x00"))
+	want := []configEntry{
+		{key: "filter.x.clean", value: "run this\nand that"},
+		{key: "extensions.worktreeconfig"},
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("entries = %+v, want %+v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// Real git: a fresh repository with nothing configured, the same repository with
+// per-worktree config turned on, and a directory that is not a repository. This
+// pins the output format and exit codes readConfig relies on; the command keys
+// themselves are covered above.
+func TestCommandAgainstRealGit(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("git"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("git not available")
+	}
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", filepath.Join(home, ".config"))
+	t.Setenv("GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL", os.DevNull)
+	t.Setenv("GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM", "1")
+	repo := t.TempDir()
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	// Both share a parent; stop git from finding an enclosing repository there.
+	t.Setenv("GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES", filepath.Dir(repo))
+	// Run as if from a hook in another repository. The setup below has to reach
+	// repo, as Command does, and never the repository these name.
+	decoy := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("GIT_DIR", filepath.Join(decoy, ".git"))
+	t.Setenv("GIT_WORK_TREE", decoy)
+	decoyUntouched := func(step string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(decoy, ".git")); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			t.Fatalf("%s reached the repository GIT_DIR names instead of repo: %v", step, err)
+		}
+	}
+	git := func(args ...string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		command := exec.Command("git", append([]string{"-C", repo}, args...)...)
+		command.Env = environment()
+		if output, err := command.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("git %v: %v: %s", args, err, output)
+		}
+	}
+	git("init", "-q")
+	decoyUntouched("git init")
+	gitRead := readConfig
+	var read []string
+	readConfig = func(ctx context.Context, dir string, env []string, scope string, pattern string) ([]configEntry, error) {
+		read = append(read, scope)
+		return gitRead(ctx, dir, env, scope, pattern)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { readConfig = gitRead })
+
+	command, err := Command(context.Background(), repo, "status", "--porcelain")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Command in a plain repository: %v", err)
+	}
+	if output, err := command.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("git status: %v: %s", err, output)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(read, []string{"--local"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("config reads in a plain repository = %q, want --local only", read)
+	}
+
+	if !gitAtLeast(t, 2, 20) {
+		t.Log("skipping the per-worktree case: it needs git 2.20 for extensions.worktreeConfig")
+	} else {
+		git("config", "extensions.worktreeConfig", "true")
+		decoyUntouched("git config")
+		read = nil
+		if _, err := Command(context.Background(), repo, "status"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Command with per-worktree config on: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(read, []string{"--local", "--worktree"}) {
+			t.Fatalf("config reads with per-worktree config on = %q, want --local then --worktree", read)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := Command(context.Background(), outside, "status"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Command outside a repository succeeded")
+	}
+}
+
+// gitAtLeast reports whether the git on PATH is at least major.minor.
+func gitAtLeast(t *testing.T, major, minor int) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	output, err := exec.Command("git", "version").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("git version: %v", err)
+	}
+	var gotMajor, gotMinor int
+	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(output)), "git version "), "%d.%d", &gotMajor, &gotMinor); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse %q: %v", output, err)
+	}
+	return gotMajor > major || (gotMajor == major && gotMinor >= minor)
+}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestUnixInstallerScriptMatchesReleaseContracts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	containsAll(t, script, []string{
 		"set -euo pipefail",
-		`ZERO_REPO="${ZERO_REPO:-Gitlawb/zero}"`,
+		`ZERO_REPO="${ZERO_REPO:-Twigpine/zero}"`,
 		`ZERO_INSTALL_DIR="${ZERO_INSTALL_DIR:-$HOME/.local/bin}"`,
 		`archive_name="zero-v${version}-${platform}-${arch}.tar.gz"`,
 		`checksum_name="${archive_name}.sha256"`,
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func runUnixInstaller(t *testing.T, fixture unixInstallFixture) (string, string,
 	command.Env = append(os.Environ(),
 		"PATH="+fixture.mockBin+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"),
 		"ZERO_GITHUB_BASE_URL=https://example.test",
-		"ZERO_REPO=Gitlawb/zero",
+		"ZERO_REPO=Twigpine/zero",
 	)
 	var stdout bytes.Buffer
 	var stderr bytes.Buffer