test(e2e): share dock child session mock

fix(e2e): replace LLM-seeded question tests with route mocking
The question dock e2e tests used seedSessionQuestion which sends a prompt to a real LLM and waits for it to call the question tool. This is inherently flaky due to LLM latency and non-determinism. Add withMockQuestion (mirroring the existing withMockPermission pattern) that intercepts GET /question and POST /question/*/reply at the Playwright route level, making the tests fully deterministic.
2026-08-03 00:36:20 -04:00 · 2026-03-16 12:39:32 -04:00 · 2026-03-16 12:16:16 -04:00
59 changed files with 2776 additions and 3715 deletions
@@ -324,7 +324,6 @@
        "@ai-sdk/xai": "2.0.51",
        "@aws-sdk/credential-providers": "3.993.0",
        "@clack/prompts": "1.0.0-alpha.1",
-        "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.31",
        "@gitlab/gitlab-ai-provider": "3.6.0",
        "@gitlab/opencode-gitlab-auth": "1.3.3",
        "@hono/standard-validator": "0.1.5",
@@ -973,10 +972,6 @@

    "@effect/language-service": ["@effect/language-service@0.79.0", "", { "bin": { "effect-language-service": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-DEmIOsg1GjjP6s9HXH1oJrW+gDmzkhVv9WOZl6to5eNyyCrjz1S2PDqQ7aYrW/HuifhfwI5Bik1pK4pj7Z+lrg=="],

-    "@effect/platform-node": ["@effect/platform-node@4.0.0-beta.31", "", { "dependencies": { "@effect/platform-node-shared": "^4.0.0-beta.31", "mime": "^4.1.0", "undici": "^7.20.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.31", "ioredis": "^5.7.0" } }, "sha512-KmVZwGsQRBMZZYPJwpL2vj6sxjBzfXhyA8RgsH5/cmckDTsZpVTyqODQ/FFzmCnMWuYjZoJGPghTDrVVDn/6ZA=="],
-
-    "@effect/platform-node-shared": ["@effect/platform-node-shared@4.0.0-beta.33", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/ws": "^8.18.1", "ws": "^8.19.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.33" } }, "sha512-jaJnvYz1IiPZyN//fCJsvwnmujJS5KD8noCVVLhb4ZGCWKhQpt0x2iuax6HFzMlPEQSfl04GLU+PVKh0nkzPyA=="],
-
    "@electron/asar": ["@electron/asar@3.4.1", "", { "dependencies": { "commander": "^5.0.0", "glob": "^7.1.6", "minimatch": "^3.0.4" }, "bin": { "asar": "bin/asar.js" } }, "sha512-i4/rNPRS84t0vSRa2HorerGRXWyF4vThfHesw0dmcWHp+cspK743UanA0suA5Q5y8kzY2y6YKrvbIUn69BCAiA=="],

    "@electron/fuses": ["@electron/fuses@1.8.0", "", { "dependencies": { "chalk": "^4.1.1", "fs-extra": "^9.0.1", "minimist": "^1.2.5" }, "bin": { "electron-fuses": "dist/bin.js" } }, "sha512-zx0EIq78WlY/lBb1uXlziZmDZI4ubcCXIMJ4uGjXzZW0nS19TjSPeXPAjzzTmKQlJUZm0SbmZhPKP7tuQ1SsEw=="],
@@ -1173,8 +1168,6 @@

    "@internationalized/number": ["@internationalized/number@3.6.5", "", { "dependencies": { "@swc/helpers": "^0.5.0" } }, "sha512-6hY4Kl4HPBvtfS62asS/R22JzNNy8vi/Ssev7x6EobfCp+9QIB2hKvI2EtbdJ0VSQacxVNtqhE/NmF/NZ0gm6g=="],

-    "@ioredis/commands": ["@ioredis/commands@1.5.1", "", {}, "sha512-JH8ZL/ywcJyR9MmJ5BNqZllXNZQqQbnVZOqpPQqE1vHiFgAw4NHbvE0FOduNU8IX9babitBT46571OnPTT0Zcw=="],
-
    "@isaacs/balanced-match": ["@isaacs/balanced-match@4.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-yzMTt9lEb8Gv7zRioUilSglI0c0smZ9k5D65677DLWLtWJaXIS3CqcGyUFByYKlnUj6TkjLVs54fBl6+TiGQDQ=="],

    "@isaacs/brace-expansion": ["@isaacs/brace-expansion@5.0.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@isaacs/balanced-match": "^4.0.1" } }, "sha512-WMz71T1JS624nWj2n2fnYAuPovhv7EUhk69R6i9dsVyzxt5eM3bjwvgk9L+APE1TRscGysAVMANkB0jh0LQZrQ=="],
@@ -2543,8 +2536,6 @@

    "clsx": ["clsx@2.1.1", "", {}, "sha512-eYm0QWBtUrBWZWG0d386OGAw16Z995PiOVo2B7bjWSbHedGl5e0ZWaq65kOGgUSNesEIDkB9ISbTg/JK9dhCZA=="],

-    "cluster-key-slot": ["cluster-key-slot@1.1.2", "", {}, "sha512-RMr0FhtfXemyinomL4hrWcYJxmX6deFdCxpJzhDttxgO1+bcCnkk+9drydLVDmAMG7NE6aN/fl4F7ucU/90gAA=="],
-
    "collapse-white-space": ["collapse-white-space@2.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-loKTxY1zCOuG4j9f6EPnuyyYkf58RnhhWTvRoZEokgB+WbdXehfjFviyOVYkqzEWz1Q5kRiZdBYS5SwxbQYwzw=="],

    "color": ["color@4.2.3", "", { "dependencies": { "color-convert": "^2.0.1", "color-string": "^1.9.0" } }, "sha512-1rXeuUUiGGrykh+CeBdu5Ie7OJwinCgQY0bc7GCRxy5xVHy+moaqkpL/jqQq0MtQOeYcrqEz4abc5f0KtU7W4A=="],
@@ -3185,8 +3176,6 @@

    "internal-slot": ["internal-slot@1.1.0", "", { "dependencies": { "es-errors": "^1.3.0", "hasown": "^2.0.2", "side-channel": "^1.1.0" } }, "sha512-4gd7VpWNQNB4UKKCFFVcp1AVv+FMOgs9NKzjHKusc8jTMhd5eL1NqQqOpE0KzMds804/yHlglp3uxgluOqAPLw=="],

-    "ioredis": ["ioredis@5.10.0", "", { "dependencies": { "@ioredis/commands": "1.5.1", "cluster-key-slot": "^1.1.0", "debug": "^4.3.4", "denque": "^2.1.0", "lodash.defaults": "^4.2.0", "lodash.isarguments": "^3.1.0", "redis-errors": "^1.2.0", "redis-parser": "^3.0.0", "standard-as-callback": "^2.1.0" } }, "sha512-HVBe9OFuqs+Z6n64q09PQvP1/R4Bm+30PAyyD4wIEqssh3v9L21QjCVk4kRLucMBcDokJTcLjsGeVRlq/nH6DA=="],
-
    "ip-address": ["ip-address@10.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-XXADHxXmvT9+CRxhXg56LJovE+bmWnEWB78LB83VZTprKTmaC5QfruXocxzTZ2Kl0DNwKuBdlIhjL8LeY8Sf8Q=="],

    "ipaddr.js": ["ipaddr.js@1.9.1", "", {}, "sha512-0KI/607xoxSToH7GjN1FfSbLoU0+btTicjsQSWQlh/hZykN8KpmMf7uYwPW3R+akZ6R/w18ZlXSHBYXiYUPO3g=="],
@@ -3419,14 +3408,10 @@

    "lodash": ["lodash@4.17.23", "", {}, "sha512-LgVTMpQtIopCi79SJeDiP0TfWi5CNEc/L/aRdTh3yIvmZXTnheWpKjSZhnvMl8iXbC1tFg9gdHHDMLoV7CnG+w=="],

-    "lodash.defaults": ["lodash.defaults@4.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-qjxPLHd3r5DnsdGacqOMU6pb/avJzdh9tFX2ymgoZE27BmjXrNy/y4LoaiTeAb+O3gL8AfpJGtqfX/ae2leYYQ=="],
-
    "lodash.escaperegexp": ["lodash.escaperegexp@4.1.2", "", {}, "sha512-TM9YBvyC84ZxE3rgfefxUWiQKLilstD6k7PTGt6wfbtXF8ixIJLOL3VYyV/z+ZiPLsVxAsKAFVwWlWeb2Y8Yyw=="],

    "lodash.includes": ["lodash.includes@4.3.0", "", {}, "sha512-W3Bx6mdkRTGtlJISOvVD/lbqjTlPPUDTMnlXZFnVwi9NKJ6tiAk6LVdlhZMm17VZisqhKcgzpO5Wz91PCt5b0w=="],

-    "lodash.isarguments": ["lodash.isarguments@3.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-chi4NHZlZqZD18a0imDHnZPrDeBbTtVN7GXMwuGdRH9qotxAjYs3aVLKc7zNOG9eddR5Ksd8rvFEBc9SsggPpg=="],
-
    "lodash.isboolean": ["lodash.isboolean@3.0.3", "", {}, "sha512-Bz5mupy2SVbPHURB98VAcw+aHh4vRV5IPNhILUCsOzRmsTmSQ17jIuqopAentWoehktxGd9e/hbIXq980/1QJg=="],

    "lodash.isequal": ["lodash.isequal@4.5.0", "", {}, "sha512-pDo3lu8Jhfjqls6GkMgpahsF9kCyayhgykjyLMNFTKWrpVdAQtYyB4muAMWozBB4ig/dtWAmsMxLEI8wuz+DYQ=="],
@@ -3613,7 +3598,7 @@

    "micromatch": ["micromatch@4.0.8", "", { "dependencies": { "braces": "^3.0.3", "picomatch": "^2.3.1" } }, "sha512-PXwfBhYu0hBCPw8Dn0E+WDYb7af3dSLVWKi3HGv84IdF4TyFoC0ysxFd0Goxw7nSv4T/PzEJQxsYsEiFCKo2BA=="],

-    "mime": ["mime@4.1.0", "", { "bin": { "mime": "bin/cli.js" } }, "sha512-X5ju04+cAzsojXKes0B/S4tcYtFAJ6tTMuSPBEn9CPGlrWr8Fiw7qYeLT0XyH80HSoAoqWCaz+MWKh22P7G1cw=="],
+    "mime": ["mime@3.0.0", "", { "bin": { "mime": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-jSCU7/VB1loIWBZe14aEYHU/+1UMEHoaO7qxCOVJOw9GgH72VAWppxNcjU+x9a2k3GSIBXNKxXQFqRvvZ7vr3A=="],

    "mime-db": ["mime-db@1.54.0", "", {}, "sha512-aU5EJuIN2WDemCcAp2vFBfp/m4EAhWJnUNSSw0ixs7/kXbd6Pg64EmwJkNdFhB8aWt1sH2CTXrLxo/iAGV3oPQ=="],

@@ -4037,10 +4022,6 @@

    "redent": ["redent@3.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "indent-string": "^4.0.0", "strip-indent": "^3.0.0" } }, "sha512-6tDA8g98We0zd0GvVeMT9arEOnTw9qM03L9cJXaCjrip1OO764RDBLBfrB4cwzNGDj5OA5ioymC9GkizgWJDUg=="],

-    "redis-errors": ["redis-errors@1.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-1qny3OExCf0UvUV/5wpYKf2YwPcOqXzkwKKSmKHiE6ZMQs5heeE/c8eXK+PNllPvmjgAbfnsbpkGZWy8cBpn9w=="],
-
-    "redis-parser": ["redis-parser@3.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "redis-errors": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-DJnGAeenTdpMEH6uAJRK/uiyEIH9WVsUmoLwzudwGJUwZPp80PDBWPHXSAGNPwNvIXAbe7MSUB1zQFugFml66A=="],
-
    "reflect.getprototypeof": ["reflect.getprototypeof@1.0.10", "", { "dependencies": { "call-bind": "^1.0.8", "define-properties": "^1.2.1", "es-abstract": "^1.23.9", "es-errors": "^1.3.0", "es-object-atoms": "^1.0.0", "get-intrinsic": "^1.2.7", "get-proto": "^1.0.1", "which-builtin-type": "^1.2.1" } }, "sha512-00o4I+DVrefhv+nX0ulyi3biSHCPDe+yLv5o/p6d/UVlirijB8E16FtfwSAi4g3tcqrQ4lRAqQSoFEZJehYEcw=="],

    "regex": ["regex@6.1.0", "", { "dependencies": { "regex-utilities": "^2.3.0" } }, "sha512-6VwtthbV4o/7+OaAF9I5L5V3llLEsoPyq9P1JVXkedTP33c7MfCG0/5NOPcSJn0TzXcG9YUrR0gQSWioew3LDg=="],
@@ -4299,8 +4280,6 @@

    "stage-js": ["stage-js@1.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-cz14aPp/wY0s3bkb/B93BPP5ZAEhgBbRmAT3CCDqert8eCAqIpQ0RB2zpK8Ksxf+Pisl5oTzvPHtL4CVzzeHcw=="],

-    "standard-as-callback": ["standard-as-callback@2.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-qoRRSyROncaz1z0mvYqIE4lCd9p2R90i6GxW3uZv5ucSu8tU7B5HXUP1gG8pVZsYNVaXjk8ClXHPttLyxAL48A=="],
-
    "stat-mode": ["stat-mode@1.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-jH9EhtKIjuXZ2cWxmXS8ZP80XyC3iasQxMDV8jzhNJpfDb7VbQLVW4Wvsxz9QZvzV+G4YoSfBUVKDOyxLzi/sg=="],

    "statuses": ["statuses@2.0.2", "", {}, "sha512-DvEy55V3DB7uknRo+4iOGT5fP1slR8wQohVdknigZPMpMstaKJQWhwiYBACJE3Ul2pTnATihhBYnRhZQHGBiRw=="],
@@ -5007,16 +4986,12 @@

    "@bufbuild/protoplugin/typescript": ["typescript@5.4.5", "", { "bin": { "tsc": "bin/tsc", "tsserver": "bin/tsserver" } }, "sha512-vcI4UpRgg81oIRUFwR0WSIHKt11nJ7SAVlYNIu+QpqeyXP+gpQJy/Z4+F0aGxSE4MqwjyXvW/TzgkLAx2AGHwQ=="],

-    "@cloudflare/kv-asset-handler/mime": ["mime@3.0.0", "", { "bin": { "mime": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-jSCU7/VB1loIWBZe14aEYHU/+1UMEHoaO7qxCOVJOw9GgH72VAWppxNcjU+x9a2k3GSIBXNKxXQFqRvvZ7vr3A=="],
-
    "@cspotcode/source-map-support/@jridgewell/trace-mapping": ["@jridgewell/trace-mapping@0.3.9", "", { "dependencies": { "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.0.3", "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10" } }, "sha512-3Belt6tdc8bPgAtbcmdtNJlirVoTmEb5e2gC94PnkwEW9jI6CAHUeoG85tjWP5WquqfavoMtMwiG4P926ZKKuQ=="],

    "@develar/schema-utils/ajv": ["ajv@6.14.0", "", { "dependencies": { "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.1", "fast-json-stable-stringify": "^2.0.0", "json-schema-traverse": "^0.4.1", "uri-js": "^4.2.2" } }, "sha512-IWrosm/yrn43eiKqkfkHis7QioDleaXQHdDVPKg0FSwwd/DuvyX79TZnFOnYpB7dcsFAMmtFztZuXPDvSePkFw=="],

    "@dot/log/chalk": ["chalk@4.1.2", "", { "dependencies": { "ansi-styles": "^4.1.0", "supports-color": "^7.1.0" } }, "sha512-oKnbhFyRIXpUuez8iBMmyEa4nbj4IOQyuhc/wy9kY7/WVPcwIO9VA668Pu8RkO7+0G76SLROeyw9CpQ061i4mA=="],

-    "@effect/platform-node-shared/ws": ["ws@8.19.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "bufferutil": "^4.0.1", "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["bufferutil", "utf-8-validate"] }, "sha512-blAT2mjOEIi0ZzruJfIhb3nps74PRWTCz1IjglWEEpQl5XS/UNama6u2/rjFkDDouqr4L67ry+1aGIALViWjDg=="],
-
    "@electron/asar/commander": ["commander@5.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-P0CysNDQ7rtVw4QIQtm+MRxV66vKFSvlsQvGYXZWR3qFU0jlMKHZZZgw8e+8DSah4UDKMqnknRDQz+xuQXQ/Zg=="],

    "@electron/asar/glob": ["glob@7.2.3", "", { "dependencies": { "fs.realpath": "^1.0.0", "inflight": "^1.0.4", "inherits": "2", "minimatch": "^3.1.1", "once": "^1.3.0", "path-is-absolute": "^1.0.0" } }, "sha512-nFR0zLpU2YCaRxwoCJvL6UvCH2JFyFVIvwTLsIf21AuHlMskA1hhTdk+LlYJtOlYt9v6dvszD2BGRqBL+iQK9Q=="],
@@ -5057,8 +5032,6 @@

    "@hono/zod-validator/zod": ["zod@3.25.76", "", {}, "sha512-gzUt/qt81nXsFGKIFcC3YnfEAx5NkunCfnDlvuBSSFS02bcXu4Lmea0AFIUwbLWxWPx3d9p8S5QoaujKcNQxcQ=="],

-    "@jimp/core/mime": ["mime@3.0.0", "", { "bin": { "mime": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-jSCU7/VB1loIWBZe14aEYHU/+1UMEHoaO7qxCOVJOw9GgH72VAWppxNcjU+x9a2k3GSIBXNKxXQFqRvvZ7vr3A=="],
-
    "@jimp/plugin-blit/zod": ["zod@3.25.76", "", {}, "sha512-gzUt/qt81nXsFGKIFcC3YnfEAx5NkunCfnDlvuBSSFS02bcXu4Lmea0AFIUwbLWxWPx3d9p8S5QoaujKcNQxcQ=="],

    "@jimp/plugin-circle/zod": ["zod@3.25.76", "", {}, "sha512-gzUt/qt81nXsFGKIFcC3YnfEAx5NkunCfnDlvuBSSFS02bcXu4Lmea0AFIUwbLWxWPx3d9p8S5QoaujKcNQxcQ=="],
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-VF3rXpIz9XbTTfM8YB98DJJOs4Sotaq5cSwIBUfbNDA=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-cIE10+0xhb5u0TQedaDbEu6e40ypHnSBmh8unnhCDZE=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-d/l7g/4angRw/oxoSGpcYL0i9pNphgRChJwhva5Kypo=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-WQyuUKMfHpO1rpWsjhCXuG99iX2jEdSe3AVltxvt+1Y="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-WJgo6UclmtQOEubnKMZybdIEhZ1uRTucF61yojjd+l0=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-QfZ/g7EZFpe6ndR3dG8WvVfMj5Kyd/R/4kkTJfGJxL4=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-ezr/R70XJr9eN5l3mgb7HzLF6QsofNEKUOtuxbfli80=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-MbsBGS415uEU/n1RQ/5H5pqh+udLY3+oimJ+eS5uJVI="
  }
 }
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
  type ComposerProbeState,
  type ComposerWindow,
 } from "../../src/testing/session-composer"
-import { cleanupSession, clearSessionDockSeed, seedSessionQuestion } from "../actions"
+import { cleanupSession } from "../actions"
 import {
  permissionDockSelector,
  promptSelector,
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ import {
  sessionComposerDockSelector,
  sessionTodoToggleButtonSelector,
 } from "../selectors"
+import { createSdk } from "../utils"

-type Sdk = Parameters<typeof clearSessionDockSeed>[0]
+type Sdk = ReturnType<typeof createSdk>
 type PermissionRule = { permission: string; pattern: string; action: "allow" | "deny" | "ask" }
+type Child = { id: string }

 async function withDockSession<T>(
  sdk: Sdk,
@@ -36,14 +38,6 @@ async function withDockSession<T>(

 test.setTimeout(120_000)

-async function withDockSeed<T>(sdk: Sdk, sessionID: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) {
-  try {
-    return await fn()
-  } finally {
-    await clearSessionDockSeed(sdk, sessionID).catch(() => undefined)
-  }
-}
-
 async function clearPermissionDock(page: any, label: RegExp) {
  const dock = page.locator(permissionDockSelector)
  await expect(dock).toBeVisible()
@@ -79,6 +73,91 @@ async function expectPermissionOpen(page: any) {
  await expect(page.locator(promptSelector)).toBeVisible()
 }

+async function withMockSession<T>(page: any, child: Child | undefined, fn: () => Promise<T>) {
+  if (!child) return await fn()
+
+  const list = async (route: any) => {
+    const res = await route.fetch()
+    const json = await res.json()
+    const list = Array.isArray(json) ? json : Array.isArray(json?.data) ? json.data : undefined
+    if (Array.isArray(list) && !list.some((item) => item?.id === child.id)) list.push(child)
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: res.status(),
+      headers: res.headers(),
+      contentType: "application/json",
+      body: JSON.stringify(json),
+    })
+  }
+
+  await page.route("**/session?*", list)
+
+  try {
+    return await fn()
+  } finally {
+    await page.unroute("**/session?*", list)
+  }
+}
+
+async function withMockQuestion<T>(
+  page: any,
+  request: {
+    id: string
+    sessionID: string
+    questions: Array<{
+      header: string
+      question: string
+      options: Array<{ label: string; description: string }>
+      multiple?: boolean
+      custom?: boolean
+    }>
+  },
+  child: Child | undefined,
+  fn: (state: { resolved: () => Promise<void> }) => Promise<T>,
+) {
+  let pending = [
+    {
+      id: request.id,
+      sessionID: request.sessionID,
+      questions: request.questions,
+    },
+  ]
+
+  const list = async (route: any) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: "application/json",
+      body: JSON.stringify(pending),
+    })
+  }
+
+  const reply = async (route: any) => {
+    const url = new URL(route.request().url())
+    const id = url.pathname.split("/").at(-2)
+    pending = pending.filter((item) => item.id !== id)
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: "application/json",
+      body: JSON.stringify(true),
+    })
+  }
+
+  await page.route("**/question", list)
+  await page.route("**/question/*/reply", reply)
+
+  const state = {
+    async resolved() {
+      await expect.poll(() => pending.length, { timeout: 10_000 }).toBe(0)
+    },
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return await withMockSession(page, child, () => fn(state))
+  } finally {
+    await page.unroute("**/question", list)
+    await page.unroute("**/question/*/reply", reply)
+  }
+}
+
 async function todoDock(page: any, sessionID: string) {
  await page.addInitScript(() => {
    const win = window as ComposerWindow
@@ -183,7 +262,7 @@ async function withMockPermission<T>(
    metadata?: Record<string, unknown>
    always?: string[]
  },
-  opts: { child?: any } | undefined,
+  child: Child | undefined,
  fn: (state: { resolved: () => Promise<void> }) => Promise<T>,
 ) {
  let pending = [
@@ -216,23 +295,6 @@ async function withMockPermission<T>(
  await page.route("**/permission", list)
  await page.route("**/session/*/permissions/*", reply)

-  const sessionList = opts?.child
-    ? async (route: any) => {
-        const res = await route.fetch()
-        const json = await res.json()
-        const list = Array.isArray(json) ? json : Array.isArray(json?.data) ? json.data : undefined
-        if (Array.isArray(list) && !list.some((item) => item?.id === opts.child?.id)) list.push(opts.child)
-        await route.fulfill({
-          status: res.status(),
-          headers: res.headers(),
-          contentType: "application/json",
-          body: JSON.stringify(json),
-        })
-      }
-    : undefined
-
-  if (sessionList) await page.route("**/session?*", sessionList)
-
  const state = {
    async resolved() {
      await expect.poll(() => pending.length, { timeout: 10_000 }).toBe(0)
@@ -240,11 +302,10 @@ async function withMockPermission<T>(
  }

  try {
-    return await fn(state)
+    return await withMockSession(page, child, () => fn(state))
  } finally {
    await page.unroute("**/permission", list)
    await page.unroute("**/session/*/permissions/*", reply)
-    if (sessionList) await page.unroute("**/session?*", sessionList)
  }
 }

@@ -275,10 +336,12 @@ test("auto-accept toggle works before first submit", async ({ page, gotoSession

 test("blocked question flow unblocks after submit", async ({ page, sdk, gotoSession }) => {
  await withDockSession(sdk, "e2e composer dock question", async (session) => {
-    await withDockSeed(sdk, session.id, async () => {
-      await gotoSession(session.id)
+    await gotoSession(session.id)

-      await seedSessionQuestion(sdk, {
+    await withMockQuestion(
+      page,
+      {
+        id: "que_e2e_question",
        sessionID: session.id,
        questions: [
          {
@@ -290,16 +353,20 @@ test("blocked question flow unblocks after submit", async ({ page, sdk, gotoSess
            ],
          },
        ],
-      })
+      },
+      undefined,
+      async (state) => {
+        await page.goto(page.url())
+        await expectQuestionBlocked(page)

-      const dock = page.locator(questionDockSelector)
-      await expectQuestionBlocked(page)
-
-      await dock.locator('[data-slot="question-option"]').first().click()
-      await dock.getByRole("button", { name: /submit/i }).click()
-
-      await expectQuestionOpen(page)
-    })
+        const dock = page.locator(questionDockSelector)
+        await dock.locator('[data-slot="question-option"]').first().click()
+        await dock.getByRole("button", { name: /submit/i }).click()
+        await state.resolved()
+        await page.goto(page.url())
+        await expectQuestionOpen(page)
+      },
+    )
  })
 })

@@ -400,8 +467,10 @@ test("child session question request blocks parent dock and unblocks after submi
    if (!child?.id) throw new Error("Child session create did not return an id")

    try {
-      await withDockSeed(sdk, child.id, async () => {
-        await seedSessionQuestion(sdk, {
+      await withMockQuestion(
+        page,
+        {
+          id: "que_e2e_child_question",
          sessionID: child.id,
          questions: [
            {
@@ -413,16 +482,20 @@ test("child session question request blocks parent dock and unblocks after submi
              ],
            },
          ],
-        })
+        },
+        child,
+        async (state) => {
+          await page.goto(page.url())
+          await expectQuestionBlocked(page)

-        const dock = page.locator(questionDockSelector)
-        await expectQuestionBlocked(page)
-
-        await dock.locator('[data-slot="question-option"]').first().click()
-        await dock.getByRole("button", { name: /submit/i }).click()
-
-        await expectQuestionOpen(page)
-      })
+          const dock = page.locator(questionDockSelector)
+          await dock.locator('[data-slot="question-option"]').first().click()
+          await dock.getByRole("button", { name: /submit/i }).click()
+          await state.resolved()
+          await page.goto(page.url())
+          await expectQuestionOpen(page)
+        },
+      )
    } finally {
      await cleanupSession({ sdk, sessionID: child.id })
    }
@@ -456,7 +529,7 @@ test("child session permission request blocks parent dock and supports allow onc
          patterns: ["/tmp/opencode-e2e-perm-child"],
          metadata: { description: "Need child permission" },
        },
-        { child },
+        child,
        async (state) => {
          await page.goto(page.url())
          await expectPermissionBlocked(page)
@@ -506,10 +579,12 @@ test("todo dock transitions and collapse behavior", async ({ page, sdk, gotoSess

 test("keyboard focus stays off prompt while blocked", async ({ page, sdk, gotoSession }) => {
  await withDockSession(sdk, "e2e composer dock keyboard", async (session) => {
-    await withDockSeed(sdk, session.id, async () => {
-      await gotoSession(session.id)
+    await gotoSession(session.id)

-      await seedSessionQuestion(sdk, {
+    await withMockQuestion(
+      page,
+      {
+        id: "que_e2e_keyboard",
        sessionID: session.id,
        questions: [
          {
@@ -518,13 +593,16 @@ test("keyboard focus stays off prompt while blocked", async ({ page, sdk, gotoSe
            options: [{ label: "Continue", description: "Continue now" }],
          },
        ],
-      })
+      },
+      undefined,
+      async () => {
+        await page.goto(page.url())
+        await expectQuestionBlocked(page)

-      await expectQuestionBlocked(page)
-
-      await page.locator("main").click({ position: { x: 5, y: 5 } })
-      await page.keyboard.type("abc")
-      await expect(page.locator(promptSelector)).toHaveCount(0)
-    })
+        await page.locator("main").click({ position: { x: 5, y: 5 } })
+        await page.keyboard.type("abc")
+        await expect(page.locator(promptSelector)).toHaveCount(0)
+      },
+    )
  })
 })
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ Instructions to follow when writing Effect.
 - Use `Effect.gen(function* () { ... })` for composition.
 - Use `Effect.fn("ServiceName.method")` for named/traced effects and `Effect.fnUntraced` for internal helpers.
 - `Effect.fn` / `Effect.fnUntraced` accept pipeable operators as extra arguments, so avoid unnecessary `flow` or outer `.pipe()` wrappers.
- **`Effect.callback`** (not `Effect.async`) for callback-based APIs. The classic `Effect.async` was renamed to `Effect.callback` in effect-smol/v4.

 ## Time

@@ -43,37 +42,3 @@ Instructions to follow when writing Effect.
 ## Errors

 - In `Effect.gen/fn`, prefer `yield* new MyError(...)` over `yield* Effect.fail(new MyError(...))` for direct early-failure branches.
-
-## Instance-scoped Effect services
-
-Services that need per-directory lifecycle (created/destroyed per instance) go through the `Instances` LayerMap:
-
-1. Define a `ServiceMap.Service` with a `static readonly layer` (see `FileWatcherService`, `QuestionService`, `PermissionService`, `ProviderAuthService`).
-2. Add it to `InstanceServices` union and `Layer.mergeAll(...)` in `src/effect/instances.ts`.
-3. Use `InstanceContext` inside the layer to read `directory` and `project` instead of `Instance.*` globals.
-4. Call from legacy code via `runPromiseInstance(MyService.use((s) => s.method()))`.
-
-### Instance.bind — ALS context for native callbacks
-
-`Instance.bind(fn)` captures the current Instance AsyncLocalStorage context and returns a wrapper that restores it synchronously when called.
-
-**Use it** when passing callbacks to native C/C++ addons (`@parcel/watcher`, `node-pty`, native `fs.watch`, etc.) that need to call `Bus.publish`, `Instance.state()`, or anything that reads `Instance.directory`.
-
-**Don't need it** for `setTimeout`, `Promise.then`, `EventEmitter.on`, or Effect fibers — Node.js ALS propagates through those automatically.
-
-```typescript
-// Native addon callback — needs Instance.bind
-const cb = Instance.bind((err, evts) => {
-  Bus.publish(MyEvent, { ... })
-})
-nativeAddon.subscribe(dir, cb)
-```
-
-## Flag → Effect.Config migration
-
-Flags in `src/flag/flag.ts` are being migrated from static `truthy(...)` reads to `Config.boolean(...).pipe(Config.withDefault(false))` as their consumers get effectified.
-
- Effectful flags return `Config<boolean>` and are read with `yield*` inside `Effect.gen`.
- The default `ConfigProvider` reads from `process.env`, so env vars keep working.
- Tests can override via `ConfigProvider.layer(ConfigProvider.fromUnknown({ ... }))`.
- Keep all flags in `flag.ts` as the single registry — just change the implementation from `truthy()` to `Config.boolean()` when the consumer moves to Effect.
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@
    "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "1.5.4",
    "@opentui/core": "0.1.87",
    "@opentui/solid": "0.1.87",
-    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.31",
    "@parcel/watcher": "2.5.1",
    "@pierre/diffs": "catalog:",
    "@solid-primitives/event-bus": "1.1.2",
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ function init() {
  useKeyboard((evt) => {
    if (store.stack.length === 0) return
    if (evt.defaultPrevented) return
-    if ((evt.name === "escape" || (evt.ctrl && evt.name === "c")) && renderer.getSelection()?.getSelectedText()) return
+    if ((evt.name === "escape" || (evt.ctrl && evt.name === "c")) && renderer.getSelection()) return
    if (evt.name === "escape" || (evt.ctrl && evt.name === "c")) {
      const current = store.stack.at(-1)!
      current.onClose?.()
@@ -17,21 +17,17 @@ export namespace Editor {
    await Filesystem.write(filepath, opts.value)
    opts.renderer.suspend()
    opts.renderer.currentRenderBuffer.clear()
-    try {
-      const parts = editor.split(" ")
-      const proc = Process.spawn([...parts, filepath], {
-        stdin: "inherit",
-        stdout: "inherit",
-        stderr: "inherit",
-        shell: process.platform === "win32",
-      })
-      await proc.exited
-      const content = await Filesystem.readText(filepath)
-      return content || undefined
-    } finally {
-      opts.renderer.currentRenderBuffer.clear()
-      opts.renderer.resume()
-      opts.renderer.requestRender()
-    }
+    const parts = editor.split(" ")
+    const proc = Process.spawn([...parts, filepath], {
+      stdin: "inherit",
+      stdout: "inherit",
+      stderr: "inherit",
+    })
+    await proc.exited
+    const content = await Filesystem.readText(filepath)
+    opts.renderer.currentRenderBuffer.clear()
+    opts.renderer.resume()
+    opts.renderer.requestRender()
+    return content || undefined
  }
 }
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import { ServiceMap } from "effect";
-import type { Project } from "@/project/project";
-
-export declare namespace InstanceContext {
-	export interface Shape {
-		readonly directory: string;
-		readonly worktree: string;
-		readonly project: Project.Info;
-	}
-}
-
-export class InstanceContext extends ServiceMap.Service<
-	InstanceContext,
-	InstanceContext.Shape
->()("opencode/InstanceContext") {}
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-const disposers = new Set<(directory: string) => Promise<void>>()
-
-export function registerDisposer(disposer: (directory: string) => Promise<void>) {
-  disposers.add(disposer)
-  return () => {
-    disposers.delete(disposer)
-  }
-}
-
-export async function disposeInstance(directory: string) {
-  await Promise.allSettled([...disposers].map((disposer) => disposer(directory)))
-}
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Layer, LayerMap, ServiceMap } from "effect";
-import { FileService } from "@/file";
-import { FileTimeService } from "@/file/time";
-import { FileWatcherService } from "@/file/watcher";
-import { FormatService } from "@/format";
-import { PermissionService } from "@/permission/service";
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance";
-import { VcsService } from "@/project/vcs";
-import { ProviderAuthService } from "@/provider/auth-service";
-import { QuestionService } from "@/question/service";
-import { SkillService } from "@/skill/skill";
-import { SnapshotService } from "@/snapshot";
-import { InstanceContext } from "./instance-context";
-import { registerDisposer } from "./instance-registry";
-
-export { InstanceContext } from "./instance-context";
-
-export type InstanceServices =
-	| QuestionService
-	| PermissionService
-	| ProviderAuthService
-	| FileWatcherService
-	| VcsService
-	| FileTimeService
-	| FormatService
-	| FileService
-	| SkillService
-	| SnapshotService;
-
-// NOTE: LayerMap only passes the key (directory string) to lookup, but we need
-// the full instance context (directory, worktree, project). We read from the
-// legacy Instance ALS here, which is safe because lookup is only triggered via
-// runPromiseInstance -> Instances.get, which always runs inside Instance.provide.
-// This should go away once the old Instance type is removed and lookup can load
-// the full context directly.
-function lookup(_key: string) {
-	const ctx = Layer.sync(InstanceContext, () =>
-		InstanceContext.of(Instance.current),
-	);
-	return Layer.mergeAll(
-		Layer.fresh(QuestionService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(PermissionService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(ProviderAuthService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(FileWatcherService.layer).pipe(Layer.orDie),
-		Layer.fresh(VcsService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(FileTimeService.layer).pipe(Layer.orDie),
-		Layer.fresh(FormatService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(FileService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(SkillService.layer),
-		Layer.fresh(SnapshotService.layer),
-	).pipe(Layer.provide(ctx));
-}
-
-export class Instances extends ServiceMap.Service<
-	Instances,
-	LayerMap.LayerMap<string, InstanceServices>
->()("opencode/Instances") {
-	static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-		Instances,
-		Effect.gen(function* () {
-			const layerMap = yield* LayerMap.make(lookup, {
-				idleTimeToLive: Infinity,
-			});
-			const unregister = registerDisposer((directory) =>
-				Effect.runPromise(layerMap.invalidate(directory)),
-			);
-			yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unregister));
-			return Instances.of(layerMap);
-		}),
-	);
-
-	static get(
-		directory: string,
-	): Layer.Layer<InstanceServices, never, Instances> {
-		return Layer.unwrap(
-			Instances.use((map) => Effect.succeed(map.get(directory))),
-		);
-	}
-
-	static invalidate(directory: string): Effect.Effect<void, never, Instances> {
-		return Instances.use((map) => map.invalidate(directory));
-	}
-}
@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
-import { Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
+import { Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
 import { AccountService } from "@/account/service"
 import { AuthService } from "@/auth/service"
-import { Instances } from "@/effect/instances"
-import type { InstanceServices } from "@/effect/instances"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { PermissionService } from "@/permission/service"
+import { QuestionService } from "@/question/service"

 export const runtime = ManagedRuntime.make(
-  Layer.mergeAll(AccountService.defaultLayer, Instances.layer).pipe(Layer.provideMerge(AuthService.defaultLayer)),
+  Layer.mergeAll(AccountService.defaultLayer, AuthService.defaultLayer, PermissionService.layer, QuestionService.layer),
 )
-
-export function runPromiseInstance<A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, InstanceServices>) {
-  return runtime.runPromise(effect.pipe(Effect.provide(Instances.get(Instance.directory))))
-}
@@ -1,115 +1,71 @@
+import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
+import { Flag } from "../flag/flag"
 import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap, Semaphore } from "effect"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-import type { SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "file.time" })
-
-export namespace FileTimeService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly read: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly get: (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) => Effect.Effect<Date | undefined>
-    readonly assert: (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly withLock: <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) => Effect.Effect<T>
-  }
-}
-
-type Stamp = {
-  readonly read: Date
-  readonly mtime: number | undefined
-  readonly ctime: number | undefined
-  readonly size: number | undefined
-}
-
-function stamp(file: string): Stamp {
-  const stat = Filesystem.stat(file)
-  const size = typeof stat?.size === "bigint" ? Number(stat.size) : stat?.size
-  return {
-    read: new Date(),
-    mtime: stat?.mtime?.getTime(),
-    ctime: stat?.ctime?.getTime(),
-    size,
-  }
-}
-
-function session(reads: Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>, sessionID: SessionID) {
-  let value = reads.get(sessionID)
-  if (!value) {
-    value = new Map<string, Stamp>()
-    reads.set(sessionID, value)
-  }
-  return value
-}
-
-export class FileTimeService extends ServiceMap.Service<FileTimeService, FileTimeService.Service>()(
-  "@opencode/FileTime",
-) {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    FileTimeService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const disableCheck = yield* Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK
-      const reads = new Map<SessionID, Map<string, Stamp>>()
-      const locks = new Map<string, Semaphore.Semaphore>()
-
-      function getLock(filepath: string) {
-        let lock = locks.get(filepath)
-        if (!lock) {
-          lock = Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1)
-          locks.set(filepath, lock)
-        }
-        return lock
-      }
-
-      return FileTimeService.of({
-        read: Effect.fn("FileTimeService.read")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-          log.info("read", { sessionID, file })
-          session(reads, sessionID).set(file, stamp(file))
-        }),
-
-        get: Effect.fn("FileTimeService.get")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-          return reads.get(sessionID)?.get(file)?.read
-        }),
-
-        assert: Effect.fn("FileTimeService.assert")(function* (sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) {
-          if (disableCheck) return
-
-          const time = reads.get(sessionID)?.get(filepath)
-          if (!time) throw new Error(`You must read file ${filepath} before overwriting it. Use the Read tool first`)
-          const next = stamp(filepath)
-          const changed = next.mtime !== time.mtime || next.ctime !== time.ctime || next.size !== time.size
-
-          if (changed) {
-            throw new Error(
-              `File ${filepath} has been modified since it was last read.\nLast modification: ${new Date(next.mtime ?? next.read.getTime()).toISOString()}\nLast read: ${time.read.toISOString()}\n\nPlease read the file again before modifying it.`,
-            )
-          }
-        }),
-
-        withLock: Effect.fn("FileTimeService.withLock")(function* <T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>) {
-          const lock = getLock(filepath)
-          return yield* Effect.promise(fn).pipe(lock.withPermits(1))
-        }),
-      })
-    }),
-  )
-}

 export namespace FileTime {
-  export function read(sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FileTimeService.use((s) => s.read(sessionID, file)))
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "file.time" })
+  // Per-session read times plus per-file write locks.
+  // All tools that overwrite existing files should run their
+  // assert/read/write/update sequence inside withLock(filepath, ...)
+  // so concurrent writes to the same file are serialized.
+  export const state = Instance.state(() => {
+    const read: {
+      [sessionID: string]: {
+        [path: string]: Date | undefined
+      }
+    } = {}
+    const locks = new Map<string, Promise<void>>()
+    return {
+      read,
+      locks,
+    }
+  })
+
+  export function read(sessionID: string, file: string) {
+    log.info("read", { sessionID, file })
+    const { read } = state()
+    read[sessionID] = read[sessionID] || {}
+    read[sessionID][file] = new Date()
  }

-  export function get(sessionID: SessionID, file: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FileTimeService.use((s) => s.get(sessionID, file)))
-  }
-
-  export async function assert(sessionID: SessionID, filepath: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FileTimeService.use((s) => s.assert(sessionID, filepath)))
+  export function get(sessionID: string, file: string) {
+    return state().read[sessionID]?.[file]
  }

  export async function withLock<T>(filepath: string, fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FileTimeService.use((s) => s.withLock(filepath, fn)))
+    const current = state()
+    const currentLock = current.locks.get(filepath) ?? Promise.resolve()
+    let release: () => void = () => {}
+    const nextLock = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve
+    })
+    const chained = currentLock.then(() => nextLock)
+    current.locks.set(filepath, chained)
+    await currentLock
+    try {
+      return await fn()
+    } finally {
+      release()
+      if (current.locks.get(filepath) === chained) {
+        current.locks.delete(filepath)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  export async function assert(sessionID: string, filepath: string) {
+    if (Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK === true) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const time = get(sessionID, filepath)
+    if (!time) throw new Error(`You must read file ${filepath} before overwriting it. Use the Read tool first`)
+    const mtime = Filesystem.stat(filepath)?.mtime
+    // Allow a 50ms tolerance for Windows NTFS timestamp fuzziness / async flushing
+    if (mtime && mtime.getTime() > time.getTime() + 50) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `File ${filepath} has been modified since it was last read.\nLast modification: ${mtime.toISOString()}\nLast read: ${time.toISOString()}\n\nPlease read the file again before modifying it.`,
+      )
+    }
  }
 }
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
 import z from "zod"
+import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
 import { FileIgnore } from "./ignore"
 import { Config } from "../config/config"
@@ -10,139 +9,118 @@ import path from "path"
 // @ts-ignore
 import { createWrapper } from "@parcel/watcher/wrapper"
 import { lazy } from "@/util/lazy"
+import { withTimeout } from "@/util/timeout"
 import type ParcelWatcher from "@parcel/watcher"
+import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
 import { readdir } from "fs/promises"
 import { git } from "@/util/git"
 import { Protected } from "./protected"
-import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
-import { Cause, Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"

 const SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000

 declare const OPENCODE_LIBC: string | undefined

-const log = Log.create({ service: "file.watcher" })
-
-const event = {
-  Updated: BusEvent.define(
-    "file.watcher.updated",
-    z.object({
-      file: z.string(),
-      event: z.union([z.literal("add"), z.literal("change"), z.literal("unlink")]),
-    }),
-  ),
-}
-
-const watcher = lazy((): typeof import("@parcel/watcher") | undefined => {
-  try {
-    const binding = require(
-      `@parcel/watcher-${process.platform}-${process.arch}${process.platform === "linux" ? `-${OPENCODE_LIBC || "glibc"}` : ""}`,
-    )
-    return createWrapper(binding) as typeof import("@parcel/watcher")
-  } catch (error) {
-    log.error("failed to load watcher binding", { error })
-    return
-  }
-})
-
-function getBackend() {
-  if (process.platform === "win32") return "windows"
-  if (process.platform === "darwin") return "fs-events"
-  if (process.platform === "linux") return "inotify"
-}
-
 export namespace FileWatcher {
-  export const Event = event
-  /** Whether the native @parcel/watcher binding is available on this platform. */
-  export const hasNativeBinding = () => !!watcher()
-}
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "file.watcher" })

-const init = Effect.fn("FileWatcherService.init")(function* () {})
-
-export namespace FileWatcherService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-  }
-}
-
-export class FileWatcherService extends ServiceMap.Service<FileWatcherService, FileWatcherService.Service>()(
-  "@opencode/FileWatcher",
-) {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    FileWatcherService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER) return FileWatcherService.of({ init })
-
-      log.info("init", { directory: instance.directory })
-
-      const backend = getBackend()
-      if (!backend) {
-        log.error("watcher backend not supported", { directory: instance.directory, platform: process.platform })
-        return FileWatcherService.of({ init })
-      }
-
-      const w = watcher()
-      if (!w) return FileWatcherService.of({ init })
-
-      log.info("watcher backend", { directory: instance.directory, platform: process.platform, backend })
-
-      const subs: ParcelWatcher.AsyncSubscription[] = []
-      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.promise(() => Promise.allSettled(subs.map((sub) => sub.unsubscribe()))))
-
-      const cb: ParcelWatcher.SubscribeCallback = Instance.bind((err, evts) => {
-        if (err) return
-        for (const evt of evts) {
-          if (evt.type === "create") Bus.publish(event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "add" })
-          if (evt.type === "update") Bus.publish(event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "change" })
-          if (evt.type === "delete") Bus.publish(event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "unlink" })
-        }
-      })
-
-      const subscribe = (dir: string, ignore: string[]) => {
-        const pending = w.subscribe(dir, cb, { ignore, backend })
-        return Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const sub = yield* Effect.promise(() => pending)
-          subs.push(sub)
-        }).pipe(
-          Effect.timeout(SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS),
-          Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-            log.error("failed to subscribe", { dir, cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-            // Clean up a subscription that resolves after timeout
-            pending.then((s) => s.unsubscribe()).catch(() => {})
-            return Effect.void
-          }),
-        )
-      }
-
-      const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
-      const cfgIgnores = cfg.watcher?.ignore ?? []
-
-      if (yield* Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER) {
-        yield* subscribe(instance.directory, [...FileIgnore.PATTERNS, ...cfgIgnores, ...Protected.paths()])
-      }
-
-      if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-          git(["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], {
-            cwd: instance.project.worktree,
-          }),
-        )
-        const vcsDir = result.exitCode === 0 ? path.resolve(instance.project.worktree, result.text().trim()) : undefined
-        if (vcsDir && !cfgIgnores.includes(".git") && !cfgIgnores.includes(vcsDir)) {
-          const ignore = (yield* Effect.promise(() => readdir(vcsDir).catch(() => []))).filter(
-            (entry) => entry !== "HEAD",
-          )
-          yield* subscribe(vcsDir, ignore)
-        }
-      }
-
-      return FileWatcherService.of({ init })
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-        log.error("failed to init watcher service", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) })
-        return Effect.succeed(FileWatcherService.of({ init }))
+  export const Event = {
+    Updated: BusEvent.define(
+      "file.watcher.updated",
+      z.object({
+        file: z.string(),
+        event: z.union([z.literal("add"), z.literal("change"), z.literal("unlink")]),
      }),
    ),
+  }
+
+  const watcher = lazy((): typeof import("@parcel/watcher") | undefined => {
+    try {
+      const binding = require(
+        `@parcel/watcher-${process.platform}-${process.arch}${process.platform === "linux" ? `-${OPENCODE_LIBC || "glibc"}` : ""}`,
+      )
+      return createWrapper(binding) as typeof import("@parcel/watcher")
+    } catch (error) {
+      log.error("failed to load watcher binding", { error })
+      return
+    }
+  })
+
+  const state = Instance.state(
+    async () => {
+      log.info("init")
+      const cfg = await Config.get()
+      const backend = (() => {
+        if (process.platform === "win32") return "windows"
+        if (process.platform === "darwin") return "fs-events"
+        if (process.platform === "linux") return "inotify"
+      })()
+      if (!backend) {
+        log.error("watcher backend not supported", { platform: process.platform })
+        return {}
+      }
+      log.info("watcher backend", { platform: process.platform, backend })
+
+      const w = watcher()
+      if (!w) return {}
+
+      const subscribe: ParcelWatcher.SubscribeCallback = (err, evts) => {
+        if (err) return
+        for (const evt of evts) {
+          if (evt.type === "create") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "add" })
+          if (evt.type === "update") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "change" })
+          if (evt.type === "delete") Bus.publish(Event.Updated, { file: evt.path, event: "unlink" })
+        }
+      }
+
+      const subs: ParcelWatcher.AsyncSubscription[] = []
+      const cfgIgnores = cfg.watcher?.ignore ?? []
+
+      if (Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER) {
+        const pending = w.subscribe(Instance.directory, subscribe, {
+          ignore: [...FileIgnore.PATTERNS, ...cfgIgnores, ...Protected.paths()],
+          backend,
+        })
+        const sub = await withTimeout(pending, SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS).catch((err) => {
+          log.error("failed to subscribe to Instance.directory", { error: err })
+          pending.then((s) => s.unsubscribe()).catch(() => {})
+          return undefined
+        })
+        if (sub) subs.push(sub)
+      }
+
+      if (Instance.project.vcs === "git") {
+        const result = await git(["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], {
+          cwd: Instance.worktree,
+        })
+        const vcsDir = result.exitCode === 0 ? path.resolve(Instance.worktree, result.text().trim()) : undefined
+        if (vcsDir && !cfgIgnores.includes(".git") && !cfgIgnores.includes(vcsDir)) {
+          const gitDirContents = await readdir(vcsDir).catch(() => [])
+          const ignoreList = gitDirContents.filter((entry) => entry !== "HEAD")
+          const pending = w.subscribe(vcsDir, subscribe, {
+            ignore: ignoreList,
+            backend,
+          })
+          const sub = await withTimeout(pending, SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS).catch((err) => {
+            log.error("failed to subscribe to vcsDir", { error: err })
+            pending.then((s) => s.unsubscribe()).catch(() => {})
+            return undefined
+          })
+          if (sub) subs.push(sub)
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { subs }
+    },
+    async (state) => {
+      if (!state.subs) return
+      await Promise.all(state.subs.map((sub) => sub?.unsubscribe()))
+    },
  )
+
+  export function init() {
+    if (Flag.OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER) {
+      return
+    }
+    state()
+  }
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import { Config } from "effect"
-
 function truthy(key: string) {
  const value = process.env[key]?.toLowerCase()
  return value === "true" || value === "1"
@@ -42,12 +40,8 @@ export namespace Flag {

  // Experimental
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL = truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL")
-  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER = Config.boolean("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER").pipe(
-    Config.withDefault(false),
-  )
-  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER = Config.boolean(
-    "OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER",
-  ).pipe(Config.withDefault(false))
+  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER = truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER")
+  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER = truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_ICON_DISCOVERY =
    OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_ICON_DISCOVERY")

@@ -61,9 +55,7 @@ export namespace Flag {
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_OXFMT = OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_OXFMT")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TY = truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TY")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TOOL = OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_LSP_TOOL")
-  export const OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK = Config.boolean("OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK").pipe(
-    Config.withDefault(false),
-  )
+  export const OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK = truthy("OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_PLAN_MODE = OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_PLAN_MODE")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES = OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL || truthy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_WORKSPACES")
  export const OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_MARKDOWN = !falsy("OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_MARKDOWN")
@@ -9,13 +9,10 @@ import { Config } from "../config/config"
 import { mergeDeep } from "remeda"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
 import { Process } from "../util/process"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "format" })

 export namespace Format {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "format" })
+
  export const Status = z
    .object({
      name: z.string(),
@@ -27,135 +24,117 @@ export namespace Format {
    })
  export type Status = z.infer<typeof Status>

-  export async function init() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FormatService.use((s) => s.init()))
+  const state = Instance.state(async () => {
+    const enabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
+    const cfg = await Config.get()
+
+    const formatters: Record<string, Formatter.Info> = {}
+    if (cfg.formatter === false) {
+      log.info("all formatters are disabled")
+      return {
+        enabled,
+        formatters,
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const item of Object.values(Formatter)) {
+      formatters[item.name] = item
+    }
+    for (const [name, item] of Object.entries(cfg.formatter ?? {})) {
+      if (item.disabled) {
+        delete formatters[name]
+        continue
+      }
+      const result: Formatter.Info = mergeDeep(formatters[name] ?? {}, {
+        command: [],
+        extensions: [],
+        ...item,
+      })
+
+      if (result.command.length === 0) continue
+
+      result.enabled = async () => true
+      result.name = name
+      formatters[name] = result
+    }
+
+    return {
+      enabled,
+      formatters,
+    }
+  })
+
+  async function isEnabled(item: Formatter.Info) {
+    const s = await state()
+    let status = s.enabled[item.name]
+    if (status === undefined) {
+      status = await item.enabled()
+      s.enabled[item.name] = status
+    }
+    return status
+  }
+
+  async function getFormatter(ext: string) {
+    const formatters = await state().then((x) => x.formatters)
+    const result = []
+    for (const item of Object.values(formatters)) {
+      log.info("checking", { name: item.name, ext })
+      if (!item.extensions.includes(ext)) continue
+      if (!(await isEnabled(item))) continue
+      log.info("enabled", { name: item.name, ext })
+      result.push(item)
+    }
+    return result
  }

  export async function status() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(FormatService.use((s) => s.status()))
+    const s = await state()
+    const result: Status[] = []
+    for (const formatter of Object.values(s.formatters)) {
+      const enabled = await isEnabled(formatter)
+      result.push({
+        name: formatter.name,
+        extensions: formatter.extensions,
+        enabled,
+      })
+    }
+    return result
  }
-}

-export namespace FormatService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly status: () => Effect.Effect<Format.Status[]>
-  }
-}
+  export function init() {
+    log.info("init")
+    Bus.subscribe(File.Event.Edited, async (payload) => {
+      const file = payload.properties.file
+      log.info("formatting", { file })
+      const ext = path.extname(file)

-export class FormatService extends ServiceMap.Service<FormatService, FormatService.Service>()("@opencode/Format") {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    FormatService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-
-      const enabled: Record<string, boolean> = {}
-      const formatters: Record<string, Formatter.Info> = {}
-
-      const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get())
-
-      if (cfg.formatter !== false) {
-        for (const item of Object.values(Formatter)) {
-          formatters[item.name] = item
-        }
-        for (const [name, item] of Object.entries(cfg.formatter ?? {})) {
-          if (item.disabled) {
-            delete formatters[name]
-            continue
-          }
-          const result = mergeDeep(formatters[name] ?? {}, {
-            command: [],
-            extensions: [],
-            ...item,
-          }) as Formatter.Info
-
-          if (result.command.length === 0) continue
-
-          result.enabled = async () => true
-          result.name = name
-          formatters[name] = result
-        }
-      } else {
-        log.info("all formatters are disabled")
-      }
-
-      async function isEnabled(item: Formatter.Info) {
-        let status = enabled[item.name]
-        if (status === undefined) {
-          status = await item.enabled()
-          enabled[item.name] = status
-        }
-        return status
-      }
-
-      async function getFormatter(ext: string) {
-        const result = []
-        for (const item of Object.values(formatters)) {
-          log.info("checking", { name: item.name, ext })
-          if (!item.extensions.includes(ext)) continue
-          if (!(await isEnabled(item))) continue
-          log.info("enabled", { name: item.name, ext })
-          result.push(item)
-        }
-        return result
-      }
-
-      const unsubscribe = Bus.subscribe(
-        File.Event.Edited,
-        Instance.bind(async (payload) => {
-          const file = payload.properties.file
-          log.info("formatting", { file })
-          const ext = path.extname(file)
-
-          for (const item of await getFormatter(ext)) {
-            log.info("running", { command: item.command })
-            try {
-              const proc = Process.spawn(
-                item.command.map((x) => x.replace("$FILE", file)),
-                {
-                  cwd: instance.directory,
-                  env: { ...process.env, ...item.environment },
-                  stdout: "ignore",
-                  stderr: "ignore",
-                },
-              )
-              const exit = await proc.exited
-              if (exit !== 0)
-                log.error("failed", {
-                  command: item.command,
-                  ...item.environment,
-                })
-            } catch (error) {
-              log.error("failed to format file", {
-                error,
-                command: item.command,
-                ...item.environment,
-                file,
-              })
-            }
-          }
-        }),
-      )
-
-      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsubscribe))
-      log.info("init")
-
-      const init = Effect.fn("FormatService.init")(function* () {})
-
-      const status = Effect.fn("FormatService.status")(function* () {
-        const result: Format.Status[] = []
-        for (const formatter of Object.values(formatters)) {
-          const isOn = yield* Effect.promise(() => isEnabled(formatter))
-          result.push({
-            name: formatter.name,
-            extensions: formatter.extensions,
-            enabled: isOn,
+      for (const item of await getFormatter(ext)) {
+        log.info("running", { command: item.command })
+        try {
+          const proc = Process.spawn(
+            item.command.map((x) => x.replace("$FILE", file)),
+            {
+              cwd: Instance.directory,
+              env: { ...process.env, ...item.environment },
+              stdout: "ignore",
+              stderr: "ignore",
+            },
+          )
+          const exit = await proc.exited
+          if (exit !== 0)
+            log.error("failed", {
+              command: item.command,
+              ...item.environment,
+            })
+        } catch (error) {
+          log.error("failed to format file", {
+            error,
+            command: item.command,
+            ...item.environment,
+            file,
          })
        }
-        return result
-      })
-
-      return FormatService.of({ init, status })
-    }),
-  )
+      }
+    })
+  }
 }
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
+import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
 import { Config } from "@/config/config"
 import { fn } from "@/util/fn"
 import { Wildcard } from "@/util/wildcard"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import os from "os"
 import * as S from "./service"
+import type {
+  Action as ActionType,
+  PermissionError,
+  Reply as ReplyType,
+  Request as RequestType,
+  Rule as RuleType,
+  Ruleset as RulesetType,
+} from "./service"

 export namespace PermissionNext {
  function expand(pattern: string): string {
@@ -14,16 +23,20 @@ export namespace PermissionNext {
    return pattern
  }

+  function runPromise<A>(f: (service: S.PermissionService.Api) => Effect.Effect<A, PermissionError>) {
+    return runtime.runPromise(S.PermissionService.use(f))
+  }
+
  export const Action = S.Action
-  export type Action = S.Action
+  export type Action = ActionType
  export const Rule = S.Rule
-  export type Rule = S.Rule
+  export type Rule = RuleType
  export const Ruleset = S.Ruleset
-  export type Ruleset = S.Ruleset
+  export type Ruleset = RulesetType
  export const Request = S.Request
-  export type Request = S.Request
+  export type Request = RequestType
  export const Reply = S.Reply
-  export type Reply = S.Reply
+  export type Reply = ReplyType
  export const Approval = S.Approval
  export const Event = S.Event
  export const Service = S.PermissionService
@@ -53,16 +66,12 @@ export namespace PermissionNext {
    return rulesets.flat()
  }

-  export const ask = fn(S.AskInput, async (input) =>
-    runPromiseInstance(S.PermissionService.use((service) => service.ask(input))),
-  )
+  export const ask = fn(S.AskInput, async (input) => runPromise((service) => service.ask(input)))

-  export const reply = fn(S.ReplyInput, async (input) =>
-    runPromiseInstance(S.PermissionService.use((service) => service.reply(input))),
-  )
+  export const reply = fn(S.ReplyInput, async (input) => runPromise((service) => service.reply(input)))

  export async function list() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.PermissionService.use((service) => service.list()))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.list())
  }

  export function evaluate(permission: string, pattern: string, ...rulesets: Ruleset[]): Rule {
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
+import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
 import { ProjectID } from "@/project/schema"
 import { MessageID, SessionID } from "@/session/schema"
 import { PermissionTable } from "@/session/session.sql"
 import { Database, eq } from "@/storage/db"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/util/instance-state"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import { Wildcard } from "@/util/wildcard"
 import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
@@ -103,6 +104,11 @@ interface PendingEntry {
  deferred: Deferred.Deferred<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>
 }

+type State = {
+  pending: Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>
+  approved: Ruleset
+}
+
 export const AskInput = Request.partial({ id: true }).extend({
  ruleset: Ruleset,
 })
@@ -127,19 +133,25 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
    PermissionService,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const { project } = yield* InstanceContext
-      const row = Database.use((db) =>
-        db.select().from(PermissionTable).where(eq(PermissionTable.project_id, project.id)).get(),
+      const instanceState = yield* InstanceState.make<State>(() =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          const row = Database.use((db) =>
+            db.select().from(PermissionTable).where(eq(PermissionTable.project_id, Instance.project.id)).get(),
+          )
+          return {
+            pending: new Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>(),
+            approved: row?.data ?? [],
+          }
+        }),
      )
-      const pending = new Map<PermissionID, PendingEntry>()
-      const approved: Ruleset = row?.data ?? []

      const ask = Effect.fn("PermissionService.ask")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof AskInput>) {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(instanceState)
        const { ruleset, ...request } = input
-        let needsAsk = false
+        let pending = false

        for (const pattern of request.patterns) {
-          const rule = evaluate(request.permission, pattern, ruleset, approved)
+          const rule = evaluate(request.permission, pattern, ruleset, state.approved)
          log.info("evaluated", { permission: request.permission, pattern, action: rule })
          if (rule.action === "deny") {
            return yield* new DeniedError({
@@ -147,10 +159,10 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
            })
          }
          if (rule.action === "allow") continue
-          needsAsk = true
+          pending = true
        }

-        if (!needsAsk) return
+        if (!pending) return

        const id = request.id ?? PermissionID.ascending()
        const info: Request = {
@@ -160,21 +172,22 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
        log.info("asking", { id, permission: info.permission, patterns: info.patterns })

        const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<void, RejectedError | CorrectedError>()
-        pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
+        state.pending.set(id, { info, deferred })
        void Bus.publish(Event.Asked, info)
        return yield* Effect.ensuring(
          Deferred.await(deferred),
          Effect.sync(() => {
-            pending.delete(id)
+            state.pending.delete(id)
          }),
        )
      })

      const reply = Effect.fn("PermissionService.reply")(function* (input: z.infer<typeof ReplyInput>) {
-        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(instanceState)
+        const existing = state.pending.get(input.requestID)
        if (!existing) return

-        pending.delete(input.requestID)
+        state.pending.delete(input.requestID)
        void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
          sessionID: existing.info.sessionID,
          requestID: existing.info.id,
@@ -187,9 +200,9 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
            input.message ? new CorrectedError({ feedback: input.message }) : new RejectedError(),
          )

-          for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
+          for (const [id, item] of state.pending.entries()) {
            if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
-            pending.delete(id)
+            state.pending.delete(id)
            void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
              sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
              requestID: item.info.id,
@@ -204,20 +217,20 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
        if (input.reply === "once") return

        for (const pattern of existing.info.always) {
-          approved.push({
+          state.approved.push({
            permission: existing.info.permission,
            pattern,
            action: "allow",
          })
        }

-        for (const [id, item] of pending.entries()) {
+        for (const [id, item] of state.pending.entries()) {
          if (item.info.sessionID !== existing.info.sessionID) continue
          const ok = item.info.patterns.every(
-            (pattern) => evaluate(item.info.permission, pattern, approved).action === "allow",
+            (pattern) => evaluate(item.info.permission, pattern, state.approved).action === "allow",
          )
          if (!ok) continue
-          pending.delete(id)
+          state.pending.delete(id)
          void Bus.publish(Event.Replied, {
            sessionID: item.info.sessionID,
            requestID: item.info.id,
@@ -233,7 +246,8 @@ export class PermissionService extends ServiceMap.Service<PermissionService, Per
      })

      const list = Effect.fn("PermissionService.list")(function* () {
-        return Array.from(pending.values(), (item) => item.info)
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.get(instanceState)
+        return Array.from(state.pending.values(), (item) => item.info)
      })

      return PermissionService.of({ ask, reply, list })
@@ -185,10 +185,12 @@ export async function CopilotAuthPlugin(input: PluginInput): Promise<Hooks> {
            const deploymentType = inputs.deploymentType || "github.com"

            let domain = "github.com"
+            let actualProvider = "github-copilot"

            if (deploymentType === "enterprise") {
              const enterpriseUrl = inputs.enterpriseUrl
              domain = normalizeDomain(enterpriseUrl!)
+              actualProvider = "github-copilot-enterprise"
            }

            const urls = getUrls(domain)
@@ -260,7 +262,8 @@ export async function CopilotAuthPlugin(input: PluginInput): Promise<Hooks> {
                      expires: 0,
                    }

-                    if (deploymentType === "enterprise") {
+                    if (actualProvider === "github-copilot-enterprise") {
+                      result.provider = "github-copilot-enterprise"
                      result.enterpriseUrl = domain
                    }

@@ -1,28 +1,27 @@
 import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
 import { Format } from "../format"
 import { LSP } from "../lsp"
-import { FileWatcherService } from "../file/watcher"
+import { FileWatcher } from "../file/watcher"
 import { File } from "../file"
 import { Project } from "./project"
 import { Bus } from "../bus"
 import { Command } from "../command"
 import { Instance } from "./instance"
-import { VcsService } from "./vcs"
+import { Vcs } from "./vcs"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import { ShareNext } from "@/share/share-next"
 import { Snapshot } from "../snapshot"
 import { Truncate } from "../tool/truncation"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"

 export async function InstanceBootstrap() {
  Log.Default.info("bootstrapping", { directory: Instance.directory })
  await Plugin.init()
  ShareNext.init()
-  await Format.init()
+  Format.init()
  await LSP.init()
-  await runPromiseInstance(FileWatcherService.use((service) => service.init()))
+  FileWatcher.init()
  File.init()
-  await runPromiseInstance(VcsService.use((s) => s.init()))
+  Vcs.init()
  Snapshot.init()
  Truncate.init()

@@ -1,185 +1,154 @@
-import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global";
-import { disposeInstance } from "@/effect/instance-registry";
-import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem";
-import { iife } from "@/util/iife";
-import { Log } from "@/util/log";
-import { Context } from "../util/context";
-import { Project } from "./project";
-import { State } from "./state";
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { Log } from "@/util/log"
+import { Context } from "../util/context"
+import { Project } from "./project"
+import { State } from "./state"
+import { iife } from "@/util/iife"
+import { GlobalBus } from "@/bus/global"
+import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/util/instance-state"

 interface Context {
-	directory: string;
-	worktree: string;
-	project: Project.Info;
+  directory: string
+  worktree: string
+  project: Project.Info
 }
-const context = Context.create<Context>("instance");
-const cache = new Map<string, Promise<Context>>();
+const context = Context.create<Context>("instance")
+const cache = new Map<string, Promise<Context>>()

 const disposal = {
-	all: undefined as Promise<void> | undefined,
-};
-
-function emit(directory: string) {
-	GlobalBus.emit("event", {
-		directory,
-		payload: {
-			type: "server.instance.disposed",
-			properties: {
-				directory,
-			},
-		},
-	});
+  all: undefined as Promise<void> | undefined,
 }

-function boot(input: {
-	directory: string;
-	init?: () => Promise<any>;
-	project?: Project.Info;
-	worktree?: string;
-}) {
-	return iife(async () => {
-		const ctx =
-			input.project && input.worktree
-				? {
-						directory: input.directory,
-						worktree: input.worktree,
-						project: input.project,
-					}
-				: await Project.fromDirectory(input.directory).then(
-						({ project, sandbox }) => ({
-							directory: input.directory,
-							worktree: sandbox,
-							project,
-						}),
-					);
-		await context.provide(ctx, async () => {
-			await input.init?.();
-		});
-		return ctx;
-	});
+function emit(directory: string) {
+  GlobalBus.emit("event", {
+    directory,
+    payload: {
+      type: "server.instance.disposed",
+      properties: {
+        directory,
+      },
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+function boot(input: { directory: string; init?: () => Promise<any>; project?: Project.Info; worktree?: string }) {
+  return iife(async () => {
+    const ctx =
+      input.project && input.worktree
+        ? {
+            directory: input.directory,
+            worktree: input.worktree,
+            project: input.project,
+          }
+        : await Project.fromDirectory(input.directory).then(({ project, sandbox }) => ({
+            directory: input.directory,
+            worktree: sandbox,
+            project,
+          }))
+    await context.provide(ctx, async () => {
+      await input.init?.()
+    })
+    return ctx
+  })
 }

 function track(directory: string, next: Promise<Context>) {
-	const task = next.catch((error) => {
-		if (cache.get(directory) === task) cache.delete(directory);
-		throw error;
-	});
-	cache.set(directory, task);
-	return task;
+  const task = next.catch((error) => {
+    if (cache.get(directory) === task) cache.delete(directory)
+    throw error
+  })
+  cache.set(directory, task)
+  return task
 }

 export const Instance = {
-	async provide<R>(input: {
-		directory: string;
-		init?: () => Promise<any>;
-		fn: () => R;
-	}): Promise<R> {
-		const directory = Filesystem.resolve(input.directory);
-		let existing = cache.get(directory);
-		if (!existing) {
-			Log.Default.info("creating instance", { directory });
-			existing = track(
-				directory,
-				boot({
-					directory,
-					init: input.init,
-				}),
-			);
-		}
-		const ctx = await existing;
-		return context.provide(ctx, async () => {
-			return input.fn();
-		});
-	},
-	get current() {
-		return context.use();
-	},
-	get directory() {
-		return context.use().directory;
-	},
-	get worktree() {
-		return context.use().worktree;
-	},
-	get project() {
-		return context.use().project;
-	},
-	/**
-	 * Check if a path is within the project boundary.
-	 * Returns true if path is inside Instance.directory OR Instance.worktree.
-	 * Paths within the worktree but outside the working directory should not trigger external_directory permission.
-	 */
-	containsPath(filepath: string) {
-		if (Filesystem.contains(Instance.directory, filepath)) return true;
-		// Non-git projects set worktree to "/" which would match ANY absolute path.
-		// Skip worktree check in this case to preserve external_directory permissions.
-		if (Instance.worktree === "/") return false;
-		return Filesystem.contains(Instance.worktree, filepath);
-	},
-	/**
-	 * Captures the current instance ALS context and returns a wrapper that
-	 * restores it when called. Use this for callbacks that fire outside the
-	 * instance async context (native addons, event emitters, timers, etc.).
-	 */
-	bind<F extends (...args: any[]) => any>(fn: F): F {
-		const ctx = context.use();
-		return ((...args: any[]) => context.provide(ctx, () => fn(...args))) as F;
-	},
-	state<S>(
-		init: () => S,
-		dispose?: (state: Awaited<S>) => Promise<void>,
-	): () => S {
-		return State.create(() => Instance.directory, init, dispose);
-	},
-	async reload(input: {
-		directory: string;
-		init?: () => Promise<any>;
-		project?: Project.Info;
-		worktree?: string;
-	}) {
-		const directory = Filesystem.resolve(input.directory);
-		Log.Default.info("reloading instance", { directory });
-		await Promise.all([State.dispose(directory), disposeInstance(directory)]);
-		cache.delete(directory);
-		const next = track(directory, boot({ ...input, directory }));
-		emit(directory);
-		return await next;
-	},
-	async dispose() {
-		const directory = Instance.directory;
-		Log.Default.info("disposing instance", { directory });
-		await Promise.all([State.dispose(directory), disposeInstance(directory)]);
-		cache.delete(directory);
-		emit(directory);
-	},
-	async disposeAll() {
-		if (disposal.all) return disposal.all;
+  async provide<R>(input: { directory: string; init?: () => Promise<any>; fn: () => R }): Promise<R> {
+    const directory = Filesystem.resolve(input.directory)
+    let existing = cache.get(directory)
+    if (!existing) {
+      Log.Default.info("creating instance", { directory })
+      existing = track(
+        directory,
+        boot({
+          directory,
+          init: input.init,
+        }),
+      )
+    }
+    const ctx = await existing
+    return context.provide(ctx, async () => {
+      return input.fn()
+    })
+  },
+  get directory() {
+    return context.use().directory
+  },
+  get worktree() {
+    return context.use().worktree
+  },
+  get project() {
+    return context.use().project
+  },
+  /**
+   * Check if a path is within the project boundary.
+   * Returns true if path is inside Instance.directory OR Instance.worktree.
+   * Paths within the worktree but outside the working directory should not trigger external_directory permission.
+   */
+  containsPath(filepath: string) {
+    if (Filesystem.contains(Instance.directory, filepath)) return true
+    // Non-git projects set worktree to "/" which would match ANY absolute path.
+    // Skip worktree check in this case to preserve external_directory permissions.
+    if (Instance.worktree === "/") return false
+    return Filesystem.contains(Instance.worktree, filepath)
+  },
+  state<S>(init: () => S, dispose?: (state: Awaited<S>) => Promise<void>): () => S {
+    return State.create(() => Instance.directory, init, dispose)
+  },
+  async reload(input: { directory: string; init?: () => Promise<any>; project?: Project.Info; worktree?: string }) {
+    const directory = Filesystem.resolve(input.directory)
+    Log.Default.info("reloading instance", { directory })
+    await Promise.all([State.dispose(directory), Effect.runPromise(InstanceState.dispose(directory))])
+    cache.delete(directory)
+    const next = track(directory, boot({ ...input, directory }))
+    emit(directory)
+    return await next
+  },
+  async dispose() {
+    Log.Default.info("disposing instance", { directory: Instance.directory })
+    await Promise.all([State.dispose(Instance.directory), Effect.runPromise(InstanceState.dispose(Instance.directory))])
+    cache.delete(Instance.directory)
+    emit(Instance.directory)
+  },
+  async disposeAll() {
+    if (disposal.all) return disposal.all

-		disposal.all = iife(async () => {
-			Log.Default.info("disposing all instances");
-			const entries = [...cache.entries()];
-			for (const [key, value] of entries) {
-				if (cache.get(key) !== value) continue;
+    disposal.all = iife(async () => {
+      Log.Default.info("disposing all instances")
+      const entries = [...cache.entries()]
+      for (const [key, value] of entries) {
+        if (cache.get(key) !== value) continue

-				const ctx = await value.catch((error) => {
-					Log.Default.warn("instance dispose failed", { key, error });
-					return undefined;
-				});
+        const ctx = await value.catch((error) => {
+          Log.Default.warn("instance dispose failed", { key, error })
+          return undefined
+        })

-				if (!ctx) {
-					if (cache.get(key) === value) cache.delete(key);
-					continue;
-				}
+        if (!ctx) {
+          if (cache.get(key) === value) cache.delete(key)
+          continue
+        }

-				if (cache.get(key) !== value) continue;
+        if (cache.get(key) !== value) continue

-				await context.provide(ctx, async () => {
-					await Instance.dispose();
-				});
-			}
-		}).finally(() => {
-			disposal.all = undefined;
-		});
+        await context.provide(ctx, async () => {
+          await Instance.dispose()
+        })
+      }
+    }).finally(() => {
+      disposal.all = undefined
+    })

-		return disposal.all;
-	},
-};
+    return disposal.all
+  },
+}
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
+import path from "path"
 import z from "zod"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import { Instance } from "./instance"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
 import { FileWatcher } from "@/file/watcher"
 import { git } from "@/util/git"
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"

 const log = Log.create({ service: "vcs" })

@@ -28,57 +27,50 @@ export namespace Vcs {
      ref: "VcsInfo",
    })
  export type Info = z.infer<typeof Info>
-}

-export namespace VcsService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly branch: () => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>
+  async function currentBranch() {
+    const result = await git(["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], {
+      cwd: Instance.worktree,
+    })
+    if (result.exitCode !== 0) return
+    const text = result.text().trim()
+    if (!text) return
+    return text
+  }
+
+  const state = Instance.state(
+    async () => {
+      if (Instance.project.vcs !== "git") {
+        return { branch: async () => undefined, unsubscribe: undefined }
+      }
+      let current = await currentBranch()
+      log.info("initialized", { branch: current })
+
+      const unsubscribe = Bus.subscribe(FileWatcher.Event.Updated, async (evt) => {
+        if (!evt.properties.file.endsWith("HEAD")) return
+        const next = await currentBranch()
+        if (next !== current) {
+          log.info("branch changed", { from: current, to: next })
+          current = next
+          Bus.publish(Event.BranchUpdated, { branch: next })
+        }
+      })
+
+      return {
+        branch: async () => current,
+        unsubscribe,
+      }
+    },
+    async (state) => {
+      state.unsubscribe?.()
+    },
+  )
+
+  export async function init() {
+    return state()
+  }
+
+  export async function branch() {
+    return await state().then((s) => s.branch())
  }
 }
-
-export class VcsService extends ServiceMap.Service<VcsService, VcsService.Service>()("@opencode/Vcs") {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    VcsService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      let current: string | undefined
-
-      if (instance.project.vcs === "git") {
-        const currentBranch = async () => {
-          const result = await git(["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], {
-            cwd: instance.project.worktree,
-          })
-          if (result.exitCode !== 0) return undefined
-          const text = result.text().trim()
-          return text || undefined
-        }
-
-        current = yield* Effect.promise(() => currentBranch())
-        log.info("initialized", { branch: current })
-
-        const unsubscribe = Bus.subscribe(
-          FileWatcher.Event.Updated,
-          Instance.bind(async (evt) => {
-            if (!evt.properties.file.endsWith("HEAD")) return
-            const next = await currentBranch()
-            if (next !== current) {
-              log.info("branch changed", { from: current, to: next })
-              current = next
-              Bus.publish(Vcs.Event.BranchUpdated, { branch: next })
-            }
-          }),
-        )
-
-        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(unsubscribe))
-      }
-
-      return VcsService.of({
-        init: Effect.fn("VcsService.init")(function* () {}),
-        branch: Effect.fn("VcsService.branch")(function* () {
-          return current
-        }),
-      })
-    }),
-  )
-}
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+import { Effect, Layer, Record, ServiceMap, Struct } from "effect"
+import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
+import { filter, fromEntries, map, pipe } from "remeda"
 import type { AuthOuathResult } from "@opencode-ai/plugin"
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/util/error"
 import * as Auth from "@/auth/service"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/util/instance-state"
 import { ProviderID } from "./schema"
-import { Effect, Layer, Record, ServiceMap, Struct } from "effect"
-import { filter, fromEntries, map, pipe } from "remeda"
 import z from "zod"

 export const Method = z
@@ -51,13 +54,21 @@ export type ProviderAuthError =

 export namespace ProviderAuthService {
  export interface Service {
+    /** Get available auth methods for each provider (e.g. OAuth, API key). */
    readonly methods: () => Effect.Effect<Record<string, Method[]>>
+
+    /** Start an OAuth authorization flow for a provider. Returns the URL to redirect to. */
    readonly authorize: (input: { providerID: ProviderID; method: number }) => Effect.Effect<Authorization | undefined>
+
+    /** Complete an OAuth flow after the user has authorized. Exchanges the code/callback for credentials. */
    readonly callback: (input: {
      providerID: ProviderID
      method: number
      code?: string
    }) => Effect.Effect<void, ProviderAuthError>
+
+    /** Set an API key directly for a provider (no OAuth flow). */
+    readonly api: (input: { providerID: ProviderID; key: string }) => Effect.Effect<void, Auth.AuthServiceError>
  }
 }

@@ -68,29 +79,32 @@ export class ProviderAuthService extends ServiceMap.Service<ProviderAuthService,
    ProviderAuthService,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
      const auth = yield* Auth.AuthService
-      const hooks = yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
-        const mod = await import("../plugin")
-        return pipe(
-          await mod.Plugin.list(),
-          filter((x) => x.auth?.provider !== undefined),
-          map((x) => [x.auth!.provider, x.auth!] as const),
-          fromEntries(),
-        )
-      })
-      const pending = new Map<ProviderID, AuthOuathResult>()
+      const state = yield* InstanceState.make(() =>
+        Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const methods = pipe(
+            await Plugin.list(),
+            filter((x) => x.auth?.provider !== undefined),
+            map((x) => [x.auth!.provider, x.auth!] as const),
+            fromEntries(),
+          )
+          return { methods, pending: new Map<ProviderID, AuthOuathResult>() }
+        }),
+      )

      const methods = Effect.fn("ProviderAuthService.methods")(function* () {
-        return Record.map(hooks, (item) => item.methods.map((method): Method => Struct.pick(method, ["type", "label"])))
+        const x = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        return Record.map(x.methods, (y) => y.methods.map((z): Method => Struct.pick(z, ["type", "label"])))
      })

      const authorize = Effect.fn("ProviderAuthService.authorize")(function* (input: {
        providerID: ProviderID
        method: number
      }) {
-        const method = hooks[input.providerID].methods[input.method]
+        const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const method = s.methods[input.providerID].methods[input.method]
        if (method.type !== "oauth") return
        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() => method.authorize())
-        pending.set(input.providerID, result)
+        s.pending.set(input.providerID, result)
        return {
          url: result.url,
          method: result.method,
@@ -103,14 +117,17 @@ export class ProviderAuthService extends ServiceMap.Service<ProviderAuthService,
        method: number
        code?: string
      }) {
-        const match = pending.get(input.providerID)
+        const s = yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        const match = s.pending.get(input.providerID)
        if (!match) return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))
+
        if (match.method === "code" && !input.code)
          return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCodeMissing({ providerID: input.providerID }))

        const result = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
          match.method === "code" ? match.callback(input.code!) : match.callback(),
        )
+
        if (!result || result.type !== "success") return yield* Effect.fail(new OauthCallbackFailed({}))

        if ("key" in result) {
@@ -131,10 +148,18 @@ export class ProviderAuthService extends ServiceMap.Service<ProviderAuthService,
        }
      })

+      const api = Effect.fn("ProviderAuthService.api")(function* (input: { providerID: ProviderID; key: string }) {
+        yield* auth.set(input.providerID, {
+          type: "api",
+          key: input.key,
+        })
+      })
+
      return ProviderAuthService.of({
        methods,
        authorize,
        callback,
+        api,
      })
    }),
  )
@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
+import { Effect, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
 import z from "zod"

-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
 import { fn } from "@/util/fn"
 import * as S from "./auth-service"
 import { ProviderID } from "./schema"

+// Separate runtime: ProviderAuthService can't join the shared runtime because
+// runtime.ts → auth-service.ts → provider/auth.ts creates a circular import.
+// AuthService is stateless file I/O so the duplicate instance is harmless.
+const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(S.ProviderAuthService.defaultLayer)
+
+function runPromise<A>(f: (service: S.ProviderAuthService.Service) => Effect.Effect<A, S.ProviderAuthError>) {
+  return rt.runPromise(S.ProviderAuthService.use(f))
+}
+
 export namespace ProviderAuth {
  export const Method = S.Method
  export type Method = S.Method

  export async function methods() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.ProviderAuthService.use((service) => service.methods()))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.methods())
  }

  export const Authorization = S.Authorization
@@ -21,8 +30,7 @@ export namespace ProviderAuth {
      providerID: ProviderID.zod,
      method: z.number(),
    }),
-    async (input): Promise<Authorization | undefined> =>
-      runPromiseInstance(S.ProviderAuthService.use((service) => service.authorize(input))),
+    async (input): Promise<Authorization | undefined> => runPromise((service) => service.authorize(input)),
  )

  export const callback = fn(
@@ -31,7 +39,15 @@ export namespace ProviderAuth {
      method: z.number(),
      code: z.string().optional(),
    }),
-    async (input) => runPromiseInstance(S.ProviderAuthService.use((service) => service.callback(input))),
+    async (input) => runPromise((service) => service.callback(input)),
+  )
+
+  export const api = fn(
+    z.object({
+      providerID: ProviderID.zod,
+      key: z.string(),
+    }),
+    async (input) => runPromise((service) => service.api(input)),
  )

  export import OauthMissing = S.OauthMissing
@@ -167,8 +167,7 @@ export namespace ProviderError {

  export function parseAPICallError(input: { providerID: ProviderID; error: APICallError }): ParsedAPICallError {
    const m = message(input.providerID, input.error)
-    const body = json(input.error.responseBody)
-    if (isOverflow(m) || input.error.statusCode === 413 || body?.error?.code === "context_length_exceeded") {
+    if (isOverflow(m) || input.error.statusCode === 413) {
      return {
        type: "context_overflow",
        message: m,
@@ -197,6 +197,16 @@ export namespace Provider {
        options: {},
      }
    },
+    "github-copilot-enterprise": async () => {
+      return {
+        autoload: false,
+        async getModel(sdk: any, modelID: string, _options?: Record<string, any>) {
+          if (useLanguageModel(sdk)) return sdk.languageModel(modelID)
+          return shouldUseCopilotResponsesApi(modelID) ? sdk.responses(modelID) : sdk.chat(modelID)
+        },
+        options: {},
+      }
+    },
    azure: async (provider) => {
      const resource = iife(() => {
        const name = provider.options?.resourceName
@@ -853,6 +863,20 @@ export namespace Provider {

    const configProviders = Object.entries(config.provider ?? {})

+    // Add GitHub Copilot Enterprise provider that inherits from GitHub Copilot
+    if (database["github-copilot"]) {
+      const githubCopilot = database["github-copilot"]
+      database["github-copilot-enterprise"] = {
+        ...githubCopilot,
+        id: ProviderID.githubCopilotEnterprise,
+        name: "GitHub Copilot Enterprise",
+        models: mapValues(githubCopilot.models, (model) => ({
+          ...model,
+          providerID: ProviderID.githubCopilotEnterprise,
+        })),
+      }
+    }
+
    function mergeProvider(providerID: ProviderID, provider: Partial<Info>) {
      const existing = providers[providerID]
      if (existing) {
@@ -979,16 +1003,46 @@ export namespace Provider {
      const providerID = ProviderID.make(plugin.auth.provider)
      if (disabled.has(providerID)) continue

+      // For github-copilot plugin, check if auth exists for either github-copilot or github-copilot-enterprise
+      let hasAuth = false
      const auth = await Auth.get(providerID)
-      if (!auth) continue
+      if (auth) hasAuth = true
+
+      // Special handling for github-copilot: also check for enterprise auth
+      if (providerID === ProviderID.githubCopilot && !hasAuth) {
+        const enterpriseAuth = await Auth.get("github-copilot-enterprise")
+        if (enterpriseAuth) hasAuth = true
+      }
+
+      if (!hasAuth) continue
      if (!plugin.auth.loader) continue

+      // Load for the main provider if auth exists
      if (auth) {
        const options = await plugin.auth.loader(() => Auth.get(providerID) as any, database[plugin.auth.provider])
        const opts = options ?? {}
        const patch: Partial<Info> = providers[providerID] ? { options: opts } : { source: "custom", options: opts }
        mergeProvider(providerID, patch)
      }
+
+      // If this is github-copilot plugin, also register for github-copilot-enterprise if auth exists
+      if (providerID === ProviderID.githubCopilot) {
+        const enterpriseProviderID = ProviderID.githubCopilotEnterprise
+        if (!disabled.has(enterpriseProviderID)) {
+          const enterpriseAuth = await Auth.get(enterpriseProviderID)
+          if (enterpriseAuth) {
+            const enterpriseOptions = await plugin.auth.loader(
+              () => Auth.get(enterpriseProviderID) as any,
+              database[enterpriseProviderID],
+            )
+            const opts = enterpriseOptions ?? {}
+            const patch: Partial<Info> = providers[enterpriseProviderID]
+              ? { options: opts }
+              : { source: "custom", options: opts }
+            mergeProvider(enterpriseProviderID, patch)
+          }
+        }
+      }
    }

    for (const [id, fn] of Object.entries(CUSTOM_LOADERS)) {
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export const ProviderID = providerIdSchema.pipe(
    google: schema.makeUnsafe("google"),
    googleVertex: schema.makeUnsafe("google-vertex"),
    githubCopilot: schema.makeUnsafe("github-copilot"),
+    githubCopilotEnterprise: schema.makeUnsafe("github-copilot-enterprise"),
    amazonBedrock: schema.makeUnsafe("amazon-bedrock"),
    azure: schema.makeUnsafe("azure"),
    openrouter: schema.makeUnsafe("openrouter"),
@@ -167,44 +167,40 @@ export namespace Pty {
      subscribers: new Map(),
    }
    state().set(id, session)
-    ptyProcess.onData(
-      Instance.bind((chunk) => {
-        session.cursor += chunk.length
+    ptyProcess.onData((chunk) => {
+      session.cursor += chunk.length

-        for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
-          if (ws.readyState !== 1) {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-            continue
-          }
-
-          if (ws.data !== key) {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-            continue
-          }
-
-          try {
-            ws.send(chunk)
-          } catch {
-            session.subscribers.delete(key)
-          }
+      for (const [key, ws] of session.subscribers.entries()) {
+        if (ws.readyState !== 1) {
+          session.subscribers.delete(key)
+          continue
        }

-        session.buffer += chunk
-        if (session.buffer.length <= BUFFER_LIMIT) return
-        const excess = session.buffer.length - BUFFER_LIMIT
-        session.buffer = session.buffer.slice(excess)
-        session.bufferCursor += excess
-      }),
-    )
-    ptyProcess.onExit(
-      Instance.bind(({ exitCode }) => {
-        if (session.info.status === "exited") return
-        log.info("session exited", { id, exitCode })
-        session.info.status = "exited"
-        Bus.publish(Event.Exited, { id, exitCode })
-        remove(id)
-      }),
-    )
+        if (ws.data !== key) {
+          session.subscribers.delete(key)
+          continue
+        }
+
+        try {
+          ws.send(chunk)
+        } catch {
+          session.subscribers.delete(key)
+        }
+      }
+
+      session.buffer += chunk
+      if (session.buffer.length <= BUFFER_LIMIT) return
+      const excess = session.buffer.length - BUFFER_LIMIT
+      session.buffer = session.buffer.slice(excess)
+      session.bufferCursor += excess
+    })
+    ptyProcess.onExit(({ exitCode }) => {
+      if (session.info.status === "exited") return
+      log.info("session exited", { id, exitCode })
+      session.info.status = "exited"
+      Bus.publish(Event.Exited, { id, exitCode })
+      remove(id)
+    })
    Bus.publish(Event.Created, { info })
    return info
  }
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { runtime } from "@/effect/runtime"
 import * as S from "./service"
 import type { QuestionID } from "./schema"
 import type { SessionID, MessageID } from "@/session/schema"

+function runPromise<A, E>(f: (service: S.QuestionService.Service) => Effect.Effect<A, E>) {
+  return runtime.runPromise(S.QuestionService.use(f))
+}
+
 export namespace Question {
  export const Option = S.Option
  export type Option = S.Option
@@ -22,18 +27,18 @@ export namespace Question {
    questions: Info[]
    tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
  }): Promise<Answer[]> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.QuestionService.use((service) => service.ask(input)))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.ask(input))
  }

  export async function reply(input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }): Promise<void> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.QuestionService.use((service) => service.reply(input)))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.reply(input))
  }

  export async function reject(requestID: QuestionID): Promise<void> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.QuestionService.use((service) => service.reject(requestID)))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.reject(requestID))
  }

  export async function list(): Promise<Request[]> {
-    return runPromiseInstance(S.QuestionService.use((service) => service.list()))
+    return runPromise((service) => service.list())
  }
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Deferred, Effect, Layer, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
 import { BusEvent } from "@/bus/bus-event"
 import { SessionID, MessageID } from "@/session/schema"
+import { InstanceState } from "@/util/instance-state"
 import { Log } from "@/util/log"
 import z from "zod"
 import { QuestionID } from "./schema"
@@ -103,13 +104,18 @@ export class QuestionService extends ServiceMap.Service<QuestionService, Questio
  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
    QuestionService,
    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const pending = new Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>()
+      const instanceState = yield* InstanceState.make<Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>>(() =>
+        Effect.succeed(new Map<QuestionID, PendingEntry>()),
+      )
+
+      const getPending = InstanceState.get(instanceState)

      const ask = Effect.fn("QuestionService.ask")(function* (input: {
        sessionID: SessionID
        questions: Info[]
        tool?: { messageID: MessageID; callID: string }
      }) {
+        const pending = yield* getPending
        const id = QuestionID.ascending()
        log.info("asking", { id, questions: input.questions.length })

@@ -132,6 +138,7 @@ export class QuestionService extends ServiceMap.Service<QuestionService, Questio
      })

      const reply = Effect.fn("QuestionService.reply")(function* (input: { requestID: QuestionID; answers: Answer[] }) {
+        const pending = yield* getPending
        const existing = pending.get(input.requestID)
        if (!existing) {
          log.warn("reply for unknown request", { requestID: input.requestID })
@@ -148,6 +155,7 @@ export class QuestionService extends ServiceMap.Service<QuestionService, Questio
      })

      const reject = Effect.fn("QuestionService.reject")(function* (requestID: QuestionID) {
+        const pending = yield* getPending
        const existing = pending.get(requestID)
        if (!existing) {
          log.warn("reject for unknown request", { requestID })
@@ -163,6 +171,7 @@ export class QuestionService extends ServiceMap.Service<QuestionService, Questio
      })

      const list = Effect.fn("QuestionService.list")(function* () {
+        const pending = yield* getPending
        return Array.from(pending.values(), (x) => x.info)
      })

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ import { LSP } from "../lsp"
 import { Format } from "../format"
 import { TuiRoutes } from "./routes/tui"
 import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
-import { Vcs, VcsService } from "../project/vcs"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
+import { Vcs } from "../project/vcs"
 import { Agent } from "../agent/agent"
 import { Skill } from "../skill/skill"
 import { Auth } from "../auth"
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ export namespace Server {
          },
        }),
        async (c) => {
-          const branch = await runPromiseInstance(VcsService.use((s) => s.branch()))
+          const branch = await Vcs.branch()
          return c.json({
            branch,
          })
@@ -200,8 +200,6 @@ When constructing the summary, try to stick to this template:
 ---`

    const promptText = compacting.prompt ?? [defaultPrompt, ...compacting.context].join("\n\n")
-    const msgs = structuredClone(messages)
-    await Plugin.trigger("experimental.chat.messages.transform", {}, { messages: msgs })
    const result = await processor.process({
      user: userMessage,
      agent,
@@ -210,7 +208,7 @@ When constructing the summary, try to stick to this template:
      tools: {},
      system: [],
      messages: [
-        ...MessageV2.toModelMessages(msgs, model, { stripMedia: true }),
+        ...MessageV2.toModelMessages(messages, model, { stripMedia: true }),
        {
          role: "user",
          content: [
@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ export namespace SessionPrompt {
                ]
              }

-              await FileTime.read(input.sessionID, filepath)
+              FileTime.read(input.sessionID, filepath)
              return [
                {
                  messageID: info.id,
@@ -1,118 +1,98 @@
-import { NodeFileSystem, NodePath } from "@effect/platform-node"
-import { Effect, FileSystem, Layer, Path, Schema, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
-import { Global } from "../global"
+import path from "path"
+import { mkdir } from "fs/promises"
 import { Log } from "../util/log"
-import { withTransientReadRetry } from "@/util/effect-http-client"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"

-class IndexSkill extends Schema.Class<IndexSkill>("IndexSkill")({
-  name: Schema.String,
-  files: Schema.Array(Schema.String),
-}) {}
+export namespace Discovery {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "skill-discovery" })

-class Index extends Schema.Class<Index>("Index")({
-  skills: Schema.Array(IndexSkill),
-}) {}
+  type Index = {
+    skills: Array<{
+      name: string
+      description: string
+      files: string[]
+    }>
+  }

-const skillConcurrency = 4
-const fileConcurrency = 8
+  export function dir() {
+    return path.join(Global.Path.cache, "skills")
+  }

-export namespace DiscoveryService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly pull: (url: string) => Effect.Effect<string[]>
+  async function get(url: string, dest: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (await Filesystem.exists(dest)) return true
+    return fetch(url)
+      .then(async (response) => {
+        if (!response.ok) {
+          log.error("failed to download", { url, status: response.status })
+          return false
+        }
+        if (response.body) await Filesystem.writeStream(dest, response.body)
+        return true
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        log.error("failed to download", { url, err })
+        return false
+      })
+  }
+
+  export async function pull(url: string): Promise<string[]> {
+    const result: string[] = []
+    const base = url.endsWith("/") ? url : `${url}/`
+    const index = new URL("index.json", base).href
+    const cache = dir()
+    const host = base.slice(0, -1)
+
+    log.info("fetching index", { url: index })
+    const data = await fetch(index)
+      .then(async (response) => {
+        if (!response.ok) {
+          log.error("failed to fetch index", { url: index, status: response.status })
+          return undefined
+        }
+        return response
+          .json()
+          .then((json) => json as Index)
+          .catch((err) => {
+            log.error("failed to parse index", { url: index, err })
+            return undefined
+          })
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        log.error("failed to fetch index", { url: index, err })
+        return undefined
+      })
+
+    if (!data?.skills || !Array.isArray(data.skills)) {
+      log.warn("invalid index format", { url: index })
+      return result
+    }
+
+    const list = data.skills.filter((skill) => {
+      if (!skill?.name || !Array.isArray(skill.files)) {
+        log.warn("invalid skill entry", { url: index, skill })
+        return false
+      }
+      return true
+    })
+
+    await Promise.all(
+      list.map(async (skill) => {
+        const root = path.join(cache, skill.name)
+        await Promise.all(
+          skill.files.map(async (file) => {
+            const link = new URL(file, `${host}/${skill.name}/`).href
+            const dest = path.join(root, file)
+            await mkdir(path.dirname(dest), { recursive: true })
+            await get(link, dest)
+          }),
+        )
+
+        const md = path.join(root, "SKILL.md")
+        if (await Filesystem.exists(md)) result.push(root)
+      }),
+    )
+
+    return result
  }
 }
-
-export class DiscoveryService extends ServiceMap.Service<DiscoveryService, DiscoveryService.Service>()(
-  "@opencode/SkillDiscovery",
-) {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    DiscoveryService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const log = Log.create({ service: "skill-discovery" })
-      const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
-      const path = yield* Path.Path
-      const http = HttpClient.filterStatusOk(withTransientReadRetry(yield* HttpClient.HttpClient))
-      const cache = path.join(Global.Path.cache, "skills")
-
-      const download = Effect.fn("DiscoveryService.download")(function* (url: string, dest: string) {
-        if (yield* fs.exists(dest).pipe(Effect.orDie)) return true
-
-        return yield* HttpClientRequest.get(url).pipe(
-          http.execute,
-          Effect.flatMap((res) => res.arrayBuffer),
-          Effect.flatMap((body) =>
-            fs
-              .makeDirectory(path.dirname(dest), { recursive: true })
-              .pipe(Effect.flatMap(() => fs.writeFile(dest, new Uint8Array(body)))),
-          ),
-          Effect.as(true),
-          Effect.catch((err) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              log.error("failed to download", { url, err })
-              return false
-            }),
-          ),
-        )
-      })
-
-      const pull: DiscoveryService.Service["pull"] = Effect.fn("DiscoveryService.pull")(function* (url: string) {
-        const base = url.endsWith("/") ? url : `${url}/`
-        const index = new URL("index.json", base).href
-        const host = base.slice(0, -1)
-
-        log.info("fetching index", { url: index })
-
-        const data = yield* HttpClientRequest.get(index).pipe(
-          HttpClientRequest.acceptJson,
-          http.execute,
-          Effect.flatMap(HttpClientResponse.schemaBodyJson(Index)),
-          Effect.catch((err) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              log.error("failed to fetch index", { url: index, err })
-              return null
-            }),
-          ),
-        )
-
-        if (!data) return []
-
-        const list = data.skills.filter((skill) => {
-          if (!skill.files.includes("SKILL.md")) {
-            log.warn("skill entry missing SKILL.md", { url: index, skill: skill.name })
-            return false
-          }
-          return true
-        })
-
-        const dirs = yield* Effect.forEach(
-          list,
-          (skill) =>
-            Effect.gen(function* () {
-              const root = path.join(cache, skill.name)
-
-              yield* Effect.forEach(
-                skill.files,
-                (file) => download(new URL(file, `${host}/${skill.name}/`).href, path.join(root, file)),
-                { concurrency: fileConcurrency },
-              )
-
-              const md = path.join(root, "SKILL.md")
-              return (yield* fs.exists(md).pipe(Effect.orDie)) ? root : null
-            }),
-          { concurrency: skillConcurrency },
-        )
-
-        return dirs.filter((dir): dir is string => dir !== null)
-      })
-
-      return DiscoveryService.of({ pull })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  static readonly defaultLayer = DiscoveryService.layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(FetchHttpClient.layer),
-    Layer.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer),
-    Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),
-  )
-}
@@ -10,25 +10,15 @@ import { Global } from "@/global"
 import { Filesystem } from "@/util/filesystem"
 import { Flag } from "@/flag/flag"
 import { Bus } from "@/bus"
-import { DiscoveryService } from "./discovery"
+import { Session } from "@/session"
+import { Discovery } from "./discovery"
 import { Glob } from "../util/glob"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
 import type { Agent } from "@/agent/agent"
 import { PermissionNext } from "@/permission/next"
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context"
-import { Effect, Layer, ServiceMap } from "effect"
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime"
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "skill" })
-
-// External skill directories to search for (project-level and global)
-// These follow the directory layout used by Claude Code and other agents.
-const EXTERNAL_DIRS = [".claude", ".agents"]
-const EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN = "skills/**/SKILL.md"
-const OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN = "{skill,skills}/**/SKILL.md"
-const SKILL_PATTERN = "**/SKILL.md"

 export namespace Skill {
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "skill" })
  export const Info = z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    description: z.string(),
@@ -55,20 +45,155 @@ export namespace Skill {
    }),
  )

+  // External skill directories to search for (project-level and global)
+  // These follow the directory layout used by Claude Code and other agents.
+  const EXTERNAL_DIRS = [".claude", ".agents"]
+  const EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN = "skills/**/SKILL.md"
+  const OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN = "{skill,skills}/**/SKILL.md"
+  const SKILL_PATTERN = "**/SKILL.md"
+
+  export const state = Instance.state(async () => {
+    const skills: Record<string, Info> = {}
+    const dirs = new Set<string>()
+
+    const addSkill = async (match: string) => {
+      const md = await ConfigMarkdown.parse(match).catch((err) => {
+        const message = ConfigMarkdown.FrontmatterError.isInstance(err)
+          ? err.data.message
+          : `Failed to parse skill ${match}`
+        Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, { error: new NamedError.Unknown({ message }).toObject() })
+        log.error("failed to load skill", { skill: match, err })
+        return undefined
+      })
+
+      if (!md) return
+
+      const parsed = Info.pick({ name: true, description: true }).safeParse(md.data)
+      if (!parsed.success) return
+
+      // Warn on duplicate skill names
+      if (skills[parsed.data.name]) {
+        log.warn("duplicate skill name", {
+          name: parsed.data.name,
+          existing: skills[parsed.data.name].location,
+          duplicate: match,
+        })
+      }
+
+      dirs.add(path.dirname(match))
+
+      skills[parsed.data.name] = {
+        name: parsed.data.name,
+        description: parsed.data.description,
+        location: match,
+        content: md.content,
+      }
+    }
+
+    const scanExternal = async (root: string, scope: "global" | "project") => {
+      return Glob.scan(EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, {
+        cwd: root,
+        absolute: true,
+        include: "file",
+        dot: true,
+        symlink: true,
+      })
+        .then((matches) => Promise.all(matches.map(addSkill)))
+        .catch((error) => {
+          log.error(`failed to scan ${scope} skills`, { dir: root, error })
+        })
+    }
+
+    // Scan external skill directories (.claude/skills/, .agents/skills/, etc.)
+    // Load global (home) first, then project-level (so project-level overwrites)
+    if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_SKILLS) {
+      for (const dir of EXTERNAL_DIRS) {
+        const root = path.join(Global.Path.home, dir)
+        if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(root))) continue
+        await scanExternal(root, "global")
+      }
+
+      for await (const root of Filesystem.up({
+        targets: EXTERNAL_DIRS,
+        start: Instance.directory,
+        stop: Instance.worktree,
+      })) {
+        await scanExternal(root, "project")
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Scan .opencode/skill/ directories
+    for (const dir of await Config.directories()) {
+      const matches = await Glob.scan(OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN, {
+        cwd: dir,
+        absolute: true,
+        include: "file",
+        symlink: true,
+      })
+      for (const match of matches) {
+        await addSkill(match)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Scan additional skill paths from config
+    const config = await Config.get()
+    for (const skillPath of config.skills?.paths ?? []) {
+      const expanded = skillPath.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(os.homedir(), skillPath.slice(2)) : skillPath
+      const resolved = path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(Instance.directory, expanded)
+      if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(resolved))) {
+        log.warn("skill path not found", { path: resolved })
+        continue
+      }
+      const matches = await Glob.scan(SKILL_PATTERN, {
+        cwd: resolved,
+        absolute: true,
+        include: "file",
+        symlink: true,
+      })
+      for (const match of matches) {
+        await addSkill(match)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Download and load skills from URLs
+    for (const url of config.skills?.urls ?? []) {
+      const list = await Discovery.pull(url)
+      for (const dir of list) {
+        dirs.add(dir)
+        const matches = await Glob.scan(SKILL_PATTERN, {
+          cwd: dir,
+          absolute: true,
+          include: "file",
+          symlink: true,
+        })
+        for (const match of matches) {
+          await addSkill(match)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      skills,
+      dirs: Array.from(dirs),
+    }
+  })
+
  export async function get(name: string) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(SkillService.use((s) => s.get(name)))
+    return state().then((x) => x.skills[name])
  }

  export async function all() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(SkillService.use((s) => s.all()))
+    return state().then((x) => Object.values(x.skills))
  }

  export async function dirs() {
-    return runPromiseInstance(SkillService.use((s) => s.dirs()))
+    return state().then((x) => x.dirs)
  }

  export async function available(agent?: Agent.Info) {
-    return runPromiseInstance(SkillService.use((s) => s.available(agent)))
+    const list = await all()
+    if (!agent) return list
+    return list.filter((skill) => PermissionNext.evaluate("skill", skill.name, agent.permission).action !== "deny")
  }

  export function fmt(list: Info[], opts: { verbose: boolean }) {
@@ -91,177 +216,3 @@ export namespace Skill {
    return ["## Available Skills", ...list.flatMap((skill) => `- **${skill.name}**: ${skill.description}`)].join("\n")
  }
 }
-
-export namespace SkillService {
-  export interface Service {
-    readonly get: (name: string) => Effect.Effect<Skill.Info | undefined>
-    readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Skill.Info[]>
-    readonly dirs: () => Effect.Effect<string[]>
-    readonly available: (agent?: Agent.Info) => Effect.Effect<Skill.Info[]>
-  }
-}
-
-export class SkillService extends ServiceMap.Service<SkillService, SkillService.Service>()("@opencode/Skill") {
-  static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-    SkillService,
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const instance = yield* InstanceContext
-      const discovery = yield* DiscoveryService
-
-      const skills: Record<string, Skill.Info> = {}
-      const skillDirs = new Set<string>()
-      let task: Promise<void> | undefined
-
-      const addSkill = async (match: string) => {
-        const md = await ConfigMarkdown.parse(match).catch(async (err) => {
-          const message = ConfigMarkdown.FrontmatterError.isInstance(err)
-            ? err.data.message
-            : `Failed to parse skill ${match}`
-          const { Session } = await import("@/session")
-          Bus.publish(Session.Event.Error, { error: new NamedError.Unknown({ message }).toObject() })
-          log.error("failed to load skill", { skill: match, err })
-          return undefined
-        })
-
-        if (!md) return
-
-        const parsed = Skill.Info.pick({ name: true, description: true }).safeParse(md.data)
-        if (!parsed.success) return
-
-        // Warn on duplicate skill names
-        if (skills[parsed.data.name]) {
-          log.warn("duplicate skill name", {
-            name: parsed.data.name,
-            existing: skills[parsed.data.name].location,
-            duplicate: match,
-          })
-        }
-
-        skillDirs.add(path.dirname(match))
-
-        skills[parsed.data.name] = {
-          name: parsed.data.name,
-          description: parsed.data.description,
-          location: match,
-          content: md.content,
-        }
-      }
-
-      const scanExternal = async (root: string, scope: "global" | "project") => {
-        return Glob.scan(EXTERNAL_SKILL_PATTERN, {
-          cwd: root,
-          absolute: true,
-          include: "file",
-          dot: true,
-          symlink: true,
-        })
-          .then((matches) => Promise.all(matches.map(addSkill)))
-          .catch((error) => {
-            log.error(`failed to scan ${scope} skills`, { dir: root, error })
-          })
-      }
-
-      function ensureScanned() {
-        if (task) return task
-        task = (async () => {
-          // Scan external skill directories (.claude/skills/, .agents/skills/, etc.)
-          // Load global (home) first, then project-level (so project-level overwrites)
-          if (!Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_EXTERNAL_SKILLS) {
-            for (const dir of EXTERNAL_DIRS) {
-              const root = path.join(Global.Path.home, dir)
-              if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(root))) continue
-              await scanExternal(root, "global")
-            }
-
-            for await (const root of Filesystem.up({
-              targets: EXTERNAL_DIRS,
-              start: instance.directory,
-              stop: instance.project.worktree,
-            })) {
-              await scanExternal(root, "project")
-            }
-          }
-
-          // Scan .opencode/skill/ directories
-          for (const dir of await Config.directories()) {
-            const matches = await Glob.scan(OPENCODE_SKILL_PATTERN, {
-              cwd: dir,
-              absolute: true,
-              include: "file",
-              symlink: true,
-            })
-            for (const match of matches) {
-              await addSkill(match)
-            }
-          }
-
-          // Scan additional skill paths from config
-          const config = await Config.get()
-          for (const skillPath of config.skills?.paths ?? []) {
-            const expanded = skillPath.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(os.homedir(), skillPath.slice(2)) : skillPath
-            const resolved = path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(instance.directory, expanded)
-            if (!(await Filesystem.isDir(resolved))) {
-              log.warn("skill path not found", { path: resolved })
-              continue
-            }
-            const matches = await Glob.scan(SKILL_PATTERN, {
-              cwd: resolved,
-              absolute: true,
-              include: "file",
-              symlink: true,
-            })
-            for (const match of matches) {
-              await addSkill(match)
-            }
-          }
-
-          // Download and load skills from URLs
-          for (const url of config.skills?.urls ?? []) {
-            const list = await Effect.runPromise(discovery.pull(url))
-            for (const dir of list) {
-              skillDirs.add(dir)
-              const matches = await Glob.scan(SKILL_PATTERN, {
-                cwd: dir,
-                absolute: true,
-                include: "file",
-                symlink: true,
-              })
-              for (const match of matches) {
-                await addSkill(match)
-              }
-            }
-          }
-
-          log.info("init", { count: Object.keys(skills).length })
-        })().catch((err) => {
-          task = undefined
-          throw err
-        })
-        return task
-      }
-
-      return SkillService.of({
-        get: Effect.fn("SkillService.get")(function* (name: string) {
-          yield* Effect.promise(() => ensureScanned())
-          return skills[name]
-        }),
-        all: Effect.fn("SkillService.all")(function* () {
-          yield* Effect.promise(() => ensureScanned())
-          return Object.values(skills)
-        }),
-        dirs: Effect.fn("SkillService.dirs")(function* () {
-          yield* Effect.promise(() => ensureScanned())
-          return Array.from(skillDirs)
-        }),
-        available: Effect.fn("SkillService.available")(function* (agent?: Agent.Info) {
-          yield* Effect.promise(() => ensureScanned())
-          const list = Object.values(skills)
-          if (!agent) return list
-          return list.filter(
-            (skill) => PermissionNext.evaluate("skill", skill.name, agent.permission).action !== "deny",
-          )
-        }),
-      })
-    }),
-  ).pipe(Layer.provide(DiscoveryService.defaultLayer))
-}
@@ -1,516 +1,416 @@
-import {
-	NodeChildProcessSpawner,
-	NodeFileSystem,
-	NodePath,
-} from "@effect/platform-node";
-import {
-	Cause,
-	Duration,
-	Effect,
-	FileSystem,
-	Layer,
-	Schedule,
-	ServiceMap,
-	Stream,
-} from "effect";
-import { ChildProcess, ChildProcessSpawner } from "effect/unstable/process";
-import path from "path";
-import z from "zod";
-import { InstanceContext } from "@/effect/instance-context";
-import { runPromiseInstance } from "@/effect/runtime";
-import { Config } from "../config/config";
-import { Global } from "../global";
-import { Log } from "../util/log";
-
-const log = Log.create({ service: "snapshot" });
-const PRUNE = "7.days";
-
-// Common git config flags shared across snapshot operations
-const GIT_CORE = ["-c", "core.longpaths=true", "-c", "core.symlinks=true"];
-const GIT_CFG = ["-c", "core.autocrlf=false", ...GIT_CORE];
-const GIT_CFG_QUOTE = [...GIT_CFG, "-c", "core.quotepath=false"];
-
-interface GitResult {
-	readonly code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode;
-	readonly text: string;
-	readonly stderr: string;
-}
+import path from "path"
+import fs from "fs/promises"
+import { Filesystem } from "../util/filesystem"
+import { Log } from "../util/log"
+import { Flag } from "../flag/flag"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import z from "zod"
+import { Config } from "../config/config"
+import { Instance } from "../project/instance"
+import { Scheduler } from "../scheduler"
+import { Process } from "@/util/process"

 export namespace Snapshot {
-	export const Patch = z.object({
-		hash: z.string(),
-		files: z.string().array(),
-	});
-	export type Patch = z.infer<typeof Patch>;
+  const log = Log.create({ service: "snapshot" })
+  const hour = 60 * 60 * 1000
+  const prune = "7.days"

-	export const FileDiff = z
-		.object({
-			file: z.string(),
-			before: z.string(),
-			after: z.string(),
-			additions: z.number(),
-			deletions: z.number(),
-			status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]).optional(),
-		})
-		.meta({
-			ref: "FileDiff",
-		});
-	export type FileDiff = z.infer<typeof FileDiff>;
+  function args(git: string, cmd: string[]) {
+    return ["--git-dir", git, "--work-tree", Instance.worktree, ...cmd]
+  }

-	// Promise facade — existing callers use these
-	export function init() {
-		void runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.init()));
-	}
+  export function init() {
+    Scheduler.register({
+      id: "snapshot.cleanup",
+      interval: hour,
+      run: cleanup,
+      scope: "instance",
+    })
+  }

-	export async function cleanup() {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.cleanup()));
-	}
+  export async function cleanup() {
+    if (Instance.project.vcs !== "git") return
+    const cfg = await Config.get()
+    if (cfg.snapshot === false) return
+    const git = gitdir()
+    const exists = await fs
+      .stat(git)
+      .then(() => true)
+      .catch(() => false)
+    if (!exists) return
+    const result = await Process.run(["git", ...args(git, ["gc", `--prune=${prune}`])], {
+      cwd: Instance.directory,
+      nothrow: true,
+    })
+    if (result.code !== 0) {
+      log.warn("cleanup failed", {
+        exitCode: result.code,
+        stderr: result.stderr.toString(),
+        stdout: result.stdout.toString(),
+      })
+      return
+    }
+    log.info("cleanup", { prune })
+  }

-	export async function track() {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.track()));
-	}
+  export async function track() {
+    if (Instance.project.vcs !== "git") return
+    const cfg = await Config.get()
+    if (cfg.snapshot === false) return
+    const git = gitdir()
+    if (await fs.mkdir(git, { recursive: true })) {
+      await Process.run(["git", "init"], {
+        env: {
+          ...process.env,
+          GIT_DIR: git,
+          GIT_WORK_TREE: Instance.worktree,
+        },
+        nothrow: true,
+      })

-	export async function patch(hash: string) {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.patch(hash)));
-	}
+      // Configure git to not convert line endings on Windows
+      await Process.run(["git", "--git-dir", git, "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"], { nothrow: true })
+      await Process.run(["git", "--git-dir", git, "config", "core.longpaths", "true"], { nothrow: true })
+      await Process.run(["git", "--git-dir", git, "config", "core.symlinks", "true"], { nothrow: true })
+      await Process.run(["git", "--git-dir", git, "config", "core.fsmonitor", "false"], { nothrow: true })
+      log.info("initialized")
+    }
+    await add(git)
+    const hash = await Process.text(["git", ...args(git, ["write-tree"])], {
+      cwd: Instance.directory,
+      nothrow: true,
+    }).then((x) => x.text)
+    log.info("tracking", { hash, cwd: Instance.directory, git })
+    return hash.trim()
+  }

-	export async function restore(snapshot: string) {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.restore(snapshot)));
-	}
+  export const Patch = z.object({
+    hash: z.string(),
+    files: z.string().array(),
+  })
+  export type Patch = z.infer<typeof Patch>

-	export async function revert(patches: Patch[]) {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.revert(patches)));
-	}
+  export async function patch(hash: string): Promise<Patch> {
+    const git = gitdir()
+    await add(git)
+    const result = await Process.text(
+      [
+        "git",
+        "-c",
+        "core.autocrlf=false",
+        "-c",
+        "core.longpaths=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.symlinks=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.quotepath=false",
+        ...args(git, ["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-only", hash, "--", "."]),
+      ],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.directory,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    )

-	export async function diff(hash: string) {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.diff(hash)));
-	}
+    // If git diff fails, return empty patch
+    if (result.code !== 0) {
+      log.warn("failed to get diff", { hash, exitCode: result.code })
+      return { hash, files: [] }
+    }

-	export async function diffFull(from: string, to: string) {
-		return runPromiseInstance(SnapshotService.use((s) => s.diffFull(from, to)));
-	}
-}
-
-export namespace SnapshotService {
-	export interface Service {
-		readonly init: () => Effect.Effect<void>;
-		readonly cleanup: () => Effect.Effect<void>;
-		readonly track: () => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>;
-		readonly patch: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.Patch>;
-		readonly restore: (snapshot: string) => Effect.Effect<void>;
-		readonly revert: (patches: Snapshot.Patch[]) => Effect.Effect<void>;
-		readonly diff: (hash: string) => Effect.Effect<string>;
-		readonly diffFull: (
-			from: string,
-			to: string,
-		) => Effect.Effect<Snapshot.FileDiff[]>;
-	}
-}
-
-export class SnapshotService extends ServiceMap.Service<
-	SnapshotService,
-	SnapshotService.Service
->()("@opencode/Snapshot") {
-	static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
-		SnapshotService,
-		Effect.gen(function* () {
-			const ctx = yield* InstanceContext;
-			const fileSystem = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem;
-			const spawner = yield* ChildProcessSpawner.ChildProcessSpawner;
-			const { directory, worktree, project } = ctx;
-			const isGit = project.vcs === "git";
-			const snapshotGit = path.join(Global.Path.data, "snapshot", project.id);
-
-			const gitArgs = (cmd: string[]) => [
-				"--git-dir",
-				snapshotGit,
-				"--work-tree",
-				worktree,
-				...cmd,
-			];
-
-			// Run git with nothrow semantics — always returns a result, never fails
-			const git = (
-				args: string[],
-				opts?: { cwd?: string; env?: Record<string, string> },
-			): Effect.Effect<GitResult> =>
-				Effect.gen(function* () {
-					const command = ChildProcess.make("git", args, {
-						cwd: opts?.cwd,
-						env: opts?.env,
-						extendEnv: true,
-					});
-					const handle = yield* spawner.spawn(command);
-					const [text, stderr] = yield* Effect.all(
-						[
-							Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stdout)),
-							Stream.mkString(Stream.decodeText(handle.stderr)),
-						],
-						{ concurrency: 2 },
-					);
-					const code = yield* handle.exitCode;
-					return { code, text, stderr };
-				}).pipe(
-					Effect.scoped,
-					Effect.catch((err) =>
-						Effect.succeed({
-							code: ChildProcessSpawner.ExitCode(1),
-							text: "",
-							stderr: String(err),
-						}),
-					),
-				);
-
-			// FileSystem helpers — orDie converts PlatformError to defects
-			const exists = (p: string) => fileSystem.exists(p).pipe(Effect.orDie);
-			const mkdir = (p: string) =>
-				fileSystem.makeDirectory(p, { recursive: true }).pipe(Effect.orDie);
-			const writeFile = (p: string, content: string) =>
-				fileSystem.writeFileString(p, content).pipe(Effect.orDie);
-			const readFile = (p: string) =>
-				fileSystem
-					.readFileString(p)
-					.pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed("")));
-			const removeFile = (p: string) =>
-				fileSystem.remove(p).pipe(Effect.catch(() => Effect.void));
-
-			// --- internal Effect helpers ---
-
-			const isEnabled = Effect.gen(function* () {
-				if (!isGit) return false;
-				const cfg = yield* Effect.promise(() => Config.get());
-				return cfg.snapshot !== false;
-			});
-
-			const excludesPath = Effect.gen(function* () {
-				const result = yield* git(
-					["rev-parse", "--path-format=absolute", "--git-path", "info/exclude"],
-					{
-						cwd: worktree,
-					},
-				);
-				const file = result.text.trim();
-				if (!file) return undefined;
-				if (!(yield* exists(file))) return undefined;
-				return file;
-			});
-
-			const syncExclude = Effect.gen(function* () {
-				const file = yield* excludesPath;
-				const target = path.join(snapshotGit, "info", "exclude");
-				yield* mkdir(path.join(snapshotGit, "info"));
-				if (!file) {
-					yield* writeFile(target, "");
-					return;
-				}
-				const text = yield* readFile(file);
-				yield* writeFile(target, text);
-			});
-
-			const add = Effect.gen(function* () {
-				yield* syncExclude;
-				yield* git([...GIT_CFG, ...gitArgs(["add", "."])], { cwd: directory });
-			});
-
-			// --- service methods ---
-
-			const cleanup = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.cleanup")(function* () {
-				if (!(yield* isEnabled)) return;
-				if (!(yield* exists(snapshotGit))) return;
-				const result = yield* git(gitArgs(["gc", `--prune=${PRUNE}`]), {
-					cwd: directory,
-				});
-				if (result.code !== 0) {
-					log.warn("cleanup failed", {
-						exitCode: result.code,
-						stderr: result.stderr,
-					});
-					return;
-				}
-				log.info("cleanup", { prune: PRUNE });
-			});
-
-			const track = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.track")(function* () {
-				if (!(yield* isEnabled)) return undefined;
-				const existed = yield* exists(snapshotGit);
-				yield* mkdir(snapshotGit);
-				if (!existed) {
-					yield* git(["init"], {
-						env: { GIT_DIR: snapshotGit, GIT_WORK_TREE: worktree },
-					});
-					yield* git([
-						"--git-dir",
-						snapshotGit,
-						"config",
-						"core.autocrlf",
-						"false",
-					]);
-					yield* git([
-						"--git-dir",
-						snapshotGit,
-						"config",
-						"core.longpaths",
-						"true",
-					]);
-					yield* git([
-						"--git-dir",
-						snapshotGit,
-						"config",
-						"core.symlinks",
-						"true",
-					]);
-					yield* git([
-						"--git-dir",
-						snapshotGit,
-						"config",
-						"core.fsmonitor",
-						"false",
-					]);
-					log.info("initialized");
-				}
-				yield* add;
-				const result = yield* git(gitArgs(["write-tree"]), { cwd: directory });
-				const hash = result.text.trim();
-				log.info("tracking", { hash, cwd: directory, git: snapshotGit });
-				return hash;
-			});
-
-			const patch = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.patch")(function* (
-				hash: string,
-			) {
-				yield* add;
-				const result = yield* git(
-					[
-						...GIT_CFG_QUOTE,
-						...gitArgs([
-							"diff",
-							"--no-ext-diff",
-							"--name-only",
-							hash,
-							"--",
-							".",
-						]),
-					],
-					{ cwd: directory },
-				);
-
-				if (result.code !== 0) {
-					log.warn("failed to get diff", { hash, exitCode: result.code });
-					return { hash, files: [] } as Snapshot.Patch;
-				}
-
-				return {
-					hash,
-					files: result.text
-						.trim()
-						.split("\n")
-						.map((x: string) => x.trim())
-						.filter(Boolean)
-						.map((x: string) => path.join(worktree, x).replaceAll("\\", "/")),
-				} as Snapshot.Patch;
-			});
-
-			const restore = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.restore")(function* (
-				snapshot: string,
-			) {
-				log.info("restore", { commit: snapshot });
-				const result = yield* git(
-					[...GIT_CORE, ...gitArgs(["read-tree", snapshot])],
-					{ cwd: worktree },
-				);
-				if (result.code === 0) {
-					const checkout = yield* git(
-						[...GIT_CORE, ...gitArgs(["checkout-index", "-a", "-f"])],
-						{ cwd: worktree },
-					);
-					if (checkout.code === 0) return;
-					log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
-						snapshot,
-						exitCode: checkout.code,
-						stderr: checkout.stderr,
-					});
-					return;
-				}
-				log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
-					snapshot,
-					exitCode: result.code,
-					stderr: result.stderr,
-				});
-			});
-
-			const revert = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.revert")(function* (
-				patches: Snapshot.Patch[],
-			) {
-				const seen = new Set<string>();
-				for (const item of patches) {
-					for (const file of item.files) {
-						if (seen.has(file)) continue;
-						log.info("reverting", { file, hash: item.hash });
-						const result = yield* git(
-							[...GIT_CORE, ...gitArgs(["checkout", item.hash, "--", file])],
-							{
-								cwd: worktree,
-							},
-						);
-						if (result.code !== 0) {
-							const relativePath = path.relative(worktree, file);
-							const checkTree = yield* git(
-								[
-									...GIT_CORE,
-									...gitArgs(["ls-tree", item.hash, "--", relativePath]),
-								],
-								{
-									cwd: worktree,
-								},
-							);
-							if (checkTree.code === 0 && checkTree.text.trim()) {
-								log.info(
-									"file existed in snapshot but checkout failed, keeping",
-									{ file },
-								);
-							} else {
-								log.info("file did not exist in snapshot, deleting", { file });
-								yield* removeFile(file);
-							}
-						}
-						seen.add(file);
-					}
-				}
-			});
-
-			const diff = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.diff")(function* (hash: string) {
-				yield* add;
-				const result = yield* git(
-					[
-						...GIT_CFG_QUOTE,
-						...gitArgs(["diff", "--no-ext-diff", hash, "--", "."]),
-					],
-					{
-						cwd: worktree,
-					},
-				);
-
-				if (result.code !== 0) {
-					log.warn("failed to get diff", {
-						hash,
-						exitCode: result.code,
-						stderr: result.stderr,
-					});
-					return "";
-				}
-
-				return result.text.trim();
-			});
-
-			const diffFull = Effect.fn("SnapshotService.diffFull")(function* (
-				from: string,
-				to: string,
-			) {
-				const result: Snapshot.FileDiff[] = [];
-				const status = new Map<string, "added" | "deleted" | "modified">();
-
-				const statuses = yield* git(
-					[
-						...GIT_CFG_QUOTE,
-						...gitArgs([
-							"diff",
-							"--no-ext-diff",
-							"--name-status",
-							"--no-renames",
-							from,
-							to,
-							"--",
-							".",
-						]),
-					],
-					{ cwd: directory },
-				);
-
-				for (const line of statuses.text.trim().split("\n")) {
-					if (!line) continue;
-					const [code, file] = line.split("\t");
-					if (!code || !file) continue;
-					const kind = code.startsWith("A")
-						? "added"
-						: code.startsWith("D")
-							? "deleted"
-							: "modified";
-					status.set(file, kind);
-				}
-
-				const numstat = yield* git(
-					[
-						...GIT_CFG_QUOTE,
-						...gitArgs([
-							"diff",
-							"--no-ext-diff",
-							"--no-renames",
-							"--numstat",
-							from,
-							to,
-							"--",
-							".",
-						]),
-					],
-					{ cwd: directory },
-				);
-
-				for (const line of numstat.text.trim().split("\n")) {
-					if (!line) continue;
-					const [additions, deletions, file] = line.split("\t");
-					const isBinaryFile = additions === "-" && deletions === "-";
-					const [before, after] = isBinaryFile
-						? ["", ""]
-						: yield* Effect.all(
-								[
-									git([
-										...GIT_CFG,
-										...gitArgs(["show", `${from}:${file}`]),
-									]).pipe(Effect.map((r) => r.text)),
-									git([...GIT_CFG, ...gitArgs(["show", `${to}:${file}`])]).pipe(
-										Effect.map((r) => r.text),
-									),
-								],
-								{ concurrency: 2 },
-							);
-					const added = isBinaryFile ? 0 : parseInt(additions!);
-					const deleted = isBinaryFile ? 0 : parseInt(deletions!);
-					result.push({
-						file: file!,
-						before,
-						after,
-						additions: Number.isFinite(added) ? added : 0,
-						deletions: Number.isFinite(deleted) ? deleted : 0,
-						status: status.get(file!) ?? "modified",
-					});
-				}
-				return result;
-			});
-
-			// Start hourly cleanup fiber — scoped to instance lifetime
-			yield* cleanup().pipe(
-				Effect.catchCause((cause) => {
-					log.error("cleanup loop failed", { cause: Cause.pretty(cause) });
-					return Effect.void;
-				}),
-				Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced(Duration.hours(1))),
-				Effect.forkScoped,
-			);
-
-			return SnapshotService.of({
-				init: Effect.fn("SnapshotService.init")(function* () {}),
-				cleanup,
-				track,
-				patch,
-				restore,
-				revert,
-				diff,
-				diffFull,
-			});
-		}),
-	).pipe(
-		Layer.provide(NodeChildProcessSpawner.layer),
-		Layer.provide(NodeFileSystem.layer),
-		Layer.provide(NodePath.layer),
-	);
+    const files = result.text
+    return {
+      hash,
+      files: files
+        .trim()
+        .split("\n")
+        .map((x) => x.trim())
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .map((x) => path.join(Instance.worktree, x).replaceAll("\\", "/")),
+    }
+  }
+
+  export async function restore(snapshot: string) {
+    log.info("restore", { commit: snapshot })
+    const git = gitdir()
+    const result = await Process.run(
+      ["git", "-c", "core.longpaths=true", "-c", "core.symlinks=true", ...args(git, ["read-tree", snapshot])],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.worktree,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    )
+    if (result.code === 0) {
+      const checkout = await Process.run(
+        ["git", "-c", "core.longpaths=true", "-c", "core.symlinks=true", ...args(git, ["checkout-index", "-a", "-f"])],
+        {
+          cwd: Instance.worktree,
+          nothrow: true,
+        },
+      )
+      if (checkout.code === 0) return
+      log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
+        snapshot,
+        exitCode: checkout.code,
+        stderr: checkout.stderr.toString(),
+        stdout: checkout.stdout.toString(),
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    log.error("failed to restore snapshot", {
+      snapshot,
+      exitCode: result.code,
+      stderr: result.stderr.toString(),
+      stdout: result.stdout.toString(),
+    })
+  }
+
+  export async function revert(patches: Patch[]) {
+    const files = new Set<string>()
+    const git = gitdir()
+    for (const item of patches) {
+      for (const file of item.files) {
+        if (files.has(file)) continue
+        log.info("reverting", { file, hash: item.hash })
+        const result = await Process.run(
+          [
+            "git",
+            "-c",
+            "core.longpaths=true",
+            "-c",
+            "core.symlinks=true",
+            ...args(git, ["checkout", item.hash, "--", file]),
+          ],
+          {
+            cwd: Instance.worktree,
+            nothrow: true,
+          },
+        )
+        if (result.code !== 0) {
+          const relativePath = path.relative(Instance.worktree, file)
+          const checkTree = await Process.text(
+            [
+              "git",
+              "-c",
+              "core.longpaths=true",
+              "-c",
+              "core.symlinks=true",
+              ...args(git, ["ls-tree", item.hash, "--", relativePath]),
+            ],
+            {
+              cwd: Instance.worktree,
+              nothrow: true,
+            },
+          )
+          if (checkTree.code === 0 && checkTree.text.trim()) {
+            log.info("file existed in snapshot but checkout failed, keeping", {
+              file,
+            })
+          } else {
+            log.info("file did not exist in snapshot, deleting", { file })
+            await fs.unlink(file).catch(() => {})
+          }
+        }
+        files.add(file)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  export async function diff(hash: string) {
+    const git = gitdir()
+    await add(git)
+    const result = await Process.text(
+      [
+        "git",
+        "-c",
+        "core.autocrlf=false",
+        "-c",
+        "core.longpaths=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.symlinks=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.quotepath=false",
+        ...args(git, ["diff", "--no-ext-diff", hash, "--", "."]),
+      ],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.worktree,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    )
+
+    if (result.code !== 0) {
+      log.warn("failed to get diff", {
+        hash,
+        exitCode: result.code,
+        stderr: result.stderr.toString(),
+        stdout: result.stdout.toString(),
+      })
+      return ""
+    }
+
+    return result.text.trim()
+  }
+
+  export const FileDiff = z
+    .object({
+      file: z.string(),
+      before: z.string(),
+      after: z.string(),
+      additions: z.number(),
+      deletions: z.number(),
+      status: z.enum(["added", "deleted", "modified"]).optional(),
+    })
+    .meta({
+      ref: "FileDiff",
+    })
+  export type FileDiff = z.infer<typeof FileDiff>
+  export async function diffFull(from: string, to: string): Promise<FileDiff[]> {
+    const git = gitdir()
+    const result: FileDiff[] = []
+    const status = new Map<string, "added" | "deleted" | "modified">()
+
+    const statuses = await Process.text(
+      [
+        "git",
+        "-c",
+        "core.autocrlf=false",
+        "-c",
+        "core.longpaths=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.symlinks=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.quotepath=false",
+        ...args(git, ["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--name-status", "--no-renames", from, to, "--", "."]),
+      ],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.directory,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    ).then((x) => x.text)
+
+    for (const line of statuses.trim().split("\n")) {
+      if (!line) continue
+      const [code, file] = line.split("\t")
+      if (!code || !file) continue
+      const kind = code.startsWith("A") ? "added" : code.startsWith("D") ? "deleted" : "modified"
+      status.set(file, kind)
+    }
+
+    for (const line of await Process.lines(
+      [
+        "git",
+        "-c",
+        "core.autocrlf=false",
+        "-c",
+        "core.longpaths=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.symlinks=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.quotepath=false",
+        ...args(git, ["diff", "--no-ext-diff", "--no-renames", "--numstat", from, to, "--", "."]),
+      ],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.directory,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    )) {
+      if (!line) continue
+      const [additions, deletions, file] = line.split("\t")
+      const isBinaryFile = additions === "-" && deletions === "-"
+      const before = isBinaryFile
+        ? ""
+        : await Process.text(
+            [
+              "git",
+              "-c",
+              "core.autocrlf=false",
+              "-c",
+              "core.longpaths=true",
+              "-c",
+              "core.symlinks=true",
+              ...args(git, ["show", `${from}:${file}`]),
+            ],
+            { nothrow: true },
+          ).then((x) => x.text)
+      const after = isBinaryFile
+        ? ""
+        : await Process.text(
+            [
+              "git",
+              "-c",
+              "core.autocrlf=false",
+              "-c",
+              "core.longpaths=true",
+              "-c",
+              "core.symlinks=true",
+              ...args(git, ["show", `${to}:${file}`]),
+            ],
+            { nothrow: true },
+          ).then((x) => x.text)
+      const added = isBinaryFile ? 0 : parseInt(additions)
+      const deleted = isBinaryFile ? 0 : parseInt(deletions)
+      result.push({
+        file,
+        before,
+        after,
+        additions: Number.isFinite(added) ? added : 0,
+        deletions: Number.isFinite(deleted) ? deleted : 0,
+        status: status.get(file) ?? "modified",
+      })
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+
+  function gitdir() {
+    const project = Instance.project
+    return path.join(Global.Path.data, "snapshot", project.id)
+  }
+
+  async function add(git: string) {
+    await syncExclude(git)
+    await Process.run(
+      [
+        "git",
+        "-c",
+        "core.autocrlf=false",
+        "-c",
+        "core.longpaths=true",
+        "-c",
+        "core.symlinks=true",
+        ...args(git, ["add", "."]),
+      ],
+      {
+        cwd: Instance.directory,
+        nothrow: true,
+      },
+    )
+  }
+
+  async function syncExclude(git: string) {
+    const file = await excludes()
+    const target = path.join(git, "info", "exclude")
+    await fs.mkdir(path.join(git, "info"), { recursive: true })
+    if (!file) {
+      await Filesystem.write(target, "")
+      return
+    }
+    const text = await Filesystem.readText(file).catch(() => "")
+
+    await Filesystem.write(target, text)
+  }
+
+  async function excludes() {
+    const file = await Process.text(["git", "rev-parse", "--path-format=absolute", "--git-path", "info/exclude"], {
+      cwd: Instance.worktree,
+      nothrow: true,
+    }).then((x) => x.text)
+    if (!file.trim()) return
+    const exists = await fs
+      .stat(file.trim())
+      .then(() => true)
+      .catch(() => false)
+    if (!exists) return
+    return file.trim()
+  }
 }
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export const EditTool = Tool.define("edit", {
          file: filePath,
          event: existed ? "change" : "add",
        })
-        await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
+        FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
        return
      }

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export const EditTool = Tool.define("edit", {
      diff = trimDiff(
        createTwoFilesPatch(filePath, filePath, normalizeLineEndings(contentOld), normalizeLineEndings(contentNew)),
      )
-      await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
+      FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
    })

    const filediff: Snapshot.FileDiff = {
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ export const ReadTool = Tool.define("read", {

    // just warms the lsp client
    LSP.touchFile(filepath, false)
-    await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+    FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

    if (instructions.length > 0) {
      output += `\n\n<system-reminder>\n${instructions.map((i) => i.content).join("\n\n")}\n</system-reminder>`
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const WriteTool = Tool.define("write", {
      file: filepath,
      event: exists ? "change" : "add",
    })
-    await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+    FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

    let output = "Wrote file successfully."
    await LSP.touchFile(filepath, true)
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { Effect, ScopedCache, Scope } from "effect"
+
+import { Instance } from "@/project/instance"
+
+type Disposer = (directory: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+const disposers = new Set<Disposer>()
+
+const TypeId = "~opencode/InstanceState"
+
+/**
+ * Effect version of `Instance.state` — lazily-initialized, per-directory
+ * cached state for Effect services.
+ *
+ * Values are created on first access for a given directory and cached for
+ * subsequent reads. Concurrent access shares a single initialization —
+ * no duplicate work or races. Use `Effect.acquireRelease` in `init` if
+ * the value needs cleanup on disposal.
+ */
+export interface InstanceState<A, E = never, R = never> {
+  readonly [TypeId]: typeof TypeId
+  readonly cache: ScopedCache.ScopedCache<string, A, E, R>
+}
+
+export namespace InstanceState {
+  /** Create a new InstanceState with the given initializer. */
+  export const make = <A, E = never, R = never>(
+    init: (directory: string) => Effect.Effect<A, E, R | Scope.Scope>,
+  ): Effect.Effect<InstanceState<A, E, Exclude<R, Scope.Scope>>, never, R | Scope.Scope> =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const cache = yield* ScopedCache.make<string, A, E, R>({
+        capacity: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        lookup: init,
+      })
+
+      const disposer: Disposer = (directory) => ScopedCache.invalidate(cache, directory)
+      disposers.add(disposer)
+      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Effect.sync(() => void disposers.delete(disposer)))
+
+      return {
+        [TypeId]: TypeId,
+        cache,
+      }
+    })
+
+  /** Get the cached value for the current directory, initializing it if needed. */
+  export const get = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.get(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+
+  /** Check whether a value exists for the current directory. */
+  export const has = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.has(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+
+  /** Invalidate the cached value for the current directory. */
+  export const invalidate = <A, E, R>(self: InstanceState<A, E, R>) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => ScopedCache.invalidate(self.cache, Instance.directory))
+
+  /** Invalidate the given directory across all InstanceState caches. */
+  export const dispose = (directory: string) =>
+    Effect.all(
+      [...disposers].map((disposer) => disposer(directory)),
+      { concurrency: "unbounded" },
+    )
+}
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { buffer } from "node:stream/consumers"

 export namespace Process {
  export type Stdio = "inherit" | "pipe" | "ignore"
-  export type Shell = boolean | string

  export interface Options {
    cwd?: string
@@ -11,7 +10,6 @@ export namespace Process {
    stdin?: Stdio
    stdout?: Stdio
    stderr?: Stdio
-    shell?: Shell
    abort?: AbortSignal
    kill?: NodeJS.Signals | number
    timeout?: number
@@ -62,7 +60,6 @@ export namespace Process {
      cwd: opts.cwd,
      env: opts.env === null ? {} : opts.env ? { ...process.env, ...opts.env } : undefined,
      stdio: [opts.stdin ?? "ignore", opts.stdout ?? "ignore", opts.stderr ?? "ignore"],
-      shell: opts.shell,
      windowsHide: process.platform === "win32",
    })

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { describe, test, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { $ } from "bun"
 import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { File } from "../../src/file"
@@ -392,461 +391,4 @@ describe("file/index Filesystem patterns", () => {
      })
    })
  })
-
-  describe("File.status()", () => {
-    test("detects modified file", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "original\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified\nextra line\n", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          const entry = result.find((f) => f.path === "file.txt")
-          expect(entry).toBeDefined()
-          expect(entry!.status).toBe("modified")
-          expect(entry!.added).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-          expect(entry!.removed).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("detects untracked file as added", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "new.txt"), "line1\nline2\nline3\n", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          const entry = result.find((f) => f.path === "new.txt")
-          expect(entry).toBeDefined()
-          expect(entry!.status).toBe("added")
-          expect(entry!.added).toBe(4) // 3 lines + trailing newline splits to 4
-          expect(entry!.removed).toBe(0)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("detects deleted file", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "gone.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await fs.rm(filepath)
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          // Deleted files appear in both numstat (as "modified") and diff-filter=D (as "deleted")
-          const entries = result.filter((f) => f.path === "gone.txt")
-          expect(entries.some((e) => e.status === "deleted")).toBe(true)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("detects mixed changes", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "keep.txt"), "keep\n", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "remove.txt"), "remove\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "initial"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-      // Modify one, delete one, add one
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "keep.txt"), "changed\n", "utf-8")
-      await fs.rm(path.join(tmp.path, "remove.txt"))
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "brand-new.txt"), "hello\n", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          expect(result.some((f) => f.path === "keep.txt" && f.status === "modified")).toBe(true)
-          expect(result.some((f) => f.path === "remove.txt" && f.status === "deleted")).toBe(true)
-          expect(result.some((f) => f.path === "brand-new.txt" && f.status === "added")).toBe(true)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("returns empty for non-git project", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          expect(result).toEqual([])
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("returns empty for clean repo", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          expect(result).toEqual([])
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("parses binary numstat as 0", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "data.bin")
-      // Write content with null bytes so git treats it as binary
-      const binaryData = Buffer.alloc(256)
-      for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) binaryData[i] = i
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, binaryData)
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add binary"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      // Modify the binary
-      const modified = Buffer.alloc(512)
-      for (let i = 0; i < 512; i++) modified[i] = i % 256
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, modified)
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.status()
-          const entry = result.find((f) => f.path === "data.bin")
-          expect(entry).toBeDefined()
-          expect(entry!.status).toBe("modified")
-          expect(entry!.added).toBe(0)
-          expect(entry!.removed).toBe(0)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe("File.list()", () => {
-    test("returns files and directories with correct shape", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "subdir"))
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt"), "content", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "subdir", "nested.txt"), "nested", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list()
-          expect(nodes.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2)
-          for (const node of nodes) {
-            expect(node).toHaveProperty("name")
-            expect(node).toHaveProperty("path")
-            expect(node).toHaveProperty("absolute")
-            expect(node).toHaveProperty("type")
-            expect(node).toHaveProperty("ignored")
-            expect(["file", "directory"]).toContain(node.type)
-          }
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("sorts directories before files, alphabetical within each", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "beta"))
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "alpha"))
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "zz.txt"), "", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "aa.txt"), "", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list()
-          const dirs = nodes.filter((n) => n.type === "directory")
-          const files = nodes.filter((n) => n.type === "file")
-          // Dirs come first
-          const firstFile = nodes.findIndex((n) => n.type === "file")
-          const lastDir = nodes.findLastIndex((n) => n.type === "directory")
-          if (lastDir >= 0 && firstFile >= 0) {
-            expect(lastDir).toBeLessThan(firstFile)
-          }
-          // Alphabetical within dirs
-          expect(dirs.map((d) => d.name)).toEqual(dirs.map((d) => d.name).toSorted())
-          // Alphabetical within files
-          expect(files.map((f) => f.name)).toEqual(files.map((f) => f.name).toSorted())
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("excludes .git and .DS_Store", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, ".DS_Store"), "", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "visible.txt"), "", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list()
-          const names = nodes.map((n) => n.name)
-          expect(names).not.toContain(".git")
-          expect(names).not.toContain(".DS_Store")
-          expect(names).toContain("visible.txt")
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("marks gitignored files as ignored", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, ".gitignore"), "*.log\nbuild/\n", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "app.log"), "log data", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "main.ts"), "code", "utf-8")
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "build"))
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list()
-          const logNode = nodes.find((n) => n.name === "app.log")
-          const tsNode = nodes.find((n) => n.name === "main.ts")
-          const buildNode = nodes.find((n) => n.name === "build")
-          expect(logNode?.ignored).toBe(true)
-          expect(tsNode?.ignored).toBe(false)
-          expect(buildNode?.ignored).toBe(true)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("lists subdirectory contents", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "sub"))
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "sub", "a.txt"), "", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "sub", "b.txt"), "", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list("sub")
-          expect(nodes.length).toBe(2)
-          expect(nodes.map((n) => n.name).sort()).toEqual(["a.txt", "b.txt"])
-          // Paths should be relative to project root (normalize for Windows)
-          expect(nodes[0].path.replaceAll("\\", "/").startsWith("sub/")).toBe(true)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("throws for paths outside project directory", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await expect(File.list("../outside")).rejects.toThrow("Access denied")
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("works without git", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt"), "hi", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const nodes = await File.list()
-          expect(nodes.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
-          // Without git, ignored should be false for all
-          for (const node of nodes) {
-            expect(node.ignored).toBe(false)
-          }
-        },
-      })
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe("File.search()", () => {
-    async function setupSearchableRepo() {
-      const tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "index.ts"), "code", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "utils.ts"), "utils", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "readme.md"), "readme", "utf-8")
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, "src"))
-      await fs.mkdir(path.join(tmp.path, ".hidden"))
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, "src", "main.ts"), "main", "utf-8")
-      await fs.writeFile(path.join(tmp.path, ".hidden", "secret.ts"), "secret", "utf-8")
-      return tmp
-    }
-
-    test("empty query returns files", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "", type: "file" })
-          expect(result.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("empty query returns dirs sorted with hidden last", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "", type: "directory" })
-          expect(result.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-          // Find first hidden dir index
-          const firstHidden = result.findIndex((d) => d.split("/").some((p) => p.startsWith(".") && p.length > 1))
-          const lastVisible = result.findLastIndex((d) => !d.split("/").some((p) => p.startsWith(".") && p.length > 1))
-          if (firstHidden >= 0 && lastVisible >= 0) {
-            expect(firstHidden).toBeGreaterThan(lastVisible)
-          }
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("fuzzy matches file names", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "main", type: "file" })
-          expect(result.some((f) => f.includes("main"))).toBe(true)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("type filter returns only files", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "", type: "file" })
-          // Files don't end with /
-          for (const f of result) {
-            expect(f.endsWith("/")).toBe(false)
-          }
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("type filter returns only directories", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "", type: "directory" })
-          // Directories end with /
-          for (const d of result) {
-            expect(d.endsWith("/")).toBe(true)
-          }
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("respects limit", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: "", type: "file", limit: 2 })
-          expect(result.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("query starting with dot prefers hidden files", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await setupSearchableRepo()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          await File.init()
-
-          const result = await File.search({ query: ".hidden", type: "directory" })
-          expect(result.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-          expect(result[0]).toContain(".hidden")
-        },
-      })
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe("File.read() - diff/patch", () => {
-    test("returns diff and patch for modified tracked file", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "original content\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified content\n", "utf-8")
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.read("file.txt")
-          expect(result.type).toBe("text")
-          expect(result.content).toBe("modified content")
-          expect(result.diff).toBeDefined()
-          expect(result.diff).toContain("original content")
-          expect(result.diff).toContain("modified content")
-          expect(result.patch).toBeDefined()
-          expect(result.patch!.hunks.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("returns diff for staged changes", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "staged.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "before\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "after\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.read("staged.txt")
-          expect(result.diff).toBeDefined()
-          expect(result.patch).toBeDefined()
-        },
-      })
-    })
-
-    test("returns no diff for unmodified file", async () => {
-      await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "clean.txt")
-      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "unchanged\n", "utf-8")
-      await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-      await $`git commit --no-gpg-sign -m "add file"`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-      await Instance.provide({
-        directory: tmp.path,
-        fn: async () => {
-          const result = await File.read("clean.txt")
-          expect(result.type).toBe("text")
-          expect(result.content).toBe("unchanged")
-          expect(result.diff).toBeUndefined()
-          expect(result.patch).toBeUndefined()
-        },
-      })
-    })
-  })
 })
@@ -1,29 +1,13 @@
-import { describe, test, expect, afterEach } from "bun:test"
+import { describe, test, expect, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
 import path from "path"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import { FileTime } from "../../src/file/time"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"
 import { Filesystem } from "../../src/util/filesystem"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"

-afterEach(() => Instance.disposeAll())
-
-async function touch(file: string, time: number) {
-  const date = new Date(time)
-  await fs.utimes(file, date, date)
-}
-
-function gate() {
-  let open!: () => void
-  const wait = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    open = resolve
-  })
-  return { open, wait }
-}
-
 describe("file/time", () => {
-  const sessionID = SessionID.make("ses_00000000000000000000000001")
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"

  describe("read() and get()", () => {
    test("stores read timestamp", async () => {
@@ -34,12 +18,12 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          const before = await FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
+          const before = FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
          expect(before).toBeUndefined()

-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)

-          const after = await FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
+          const after = FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
          expect(after).toBeInstanceOf(Date)
          expect(after!.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(0)
        },
@@ -54,11 +38,11 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(SessionID.make("ses_00000000000000000000000002"), filepath)
-          await FileTime.read(SessionID.make("ses_00000000000000000000000003"), filepath)
+          FileTime.read("session1", filepath)
+          FileTime.read("session2", filepath)

-          const time1 = await FileTime.get(SessionID.make("ses_00000000000000000000000002"), filepath)
-          const time2 = await FileTime.get(SessionID.make("ses_00000000000000000000000003"), filepath)
+          const time1 = FileTime.get("session1", filepath)
+          const time2 = FileTime.get("session2", filepath)

          expect(time1).toBeDefined()
          expect(time2).toBeDefined()
@@ -74,13 +58,15 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
-          const first = await FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          const first = FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)!

-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
-          const second = await FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10))

-          expect(second!.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(first!.getTime())
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          const second = FileTime.get(sessionID, filepath)!
+
+          expect(second.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(first.getTime())
        },
      })
    })
@@ -91,12 +77,13 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+
+          // Should not throw
          await FileTime.assert(sessionID, filepath)
        },
      })
@@ -119,14 +106,18 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+
+          // Wait to ensure different timestamps
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+
+          // Modify file after reading
          await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified content", "utf-8")
-          await touch(filepath, 2_000)
+
          await expect(FileTime.assert(sessionID, filepath)).rejects.toThrow("modified since it was last read")
        },
      })
@@ -136,14 +127,13 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
          await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified", "utf-8")
-          await touch(filepath, 2_000)

          let error: Error | undefined
          try {
@@ -157,6 +147,28 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
        },
      })
    })
+
+    test("skips check when OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK is true", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
+      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content", "utf-8")
+
+      await Instance.provide({
+        directory: tmp.path,
+        fn: async () => {
+          const { Flag } = await import("../../src/flag/flag")
+          const original = Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK
+          ;(Flag as { OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK: boolean }).OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK = true
+
+          try {
+            // Should not throw even though file wasn't read
+            await FileTime.assert(sessionID, filepath)
+          } finally {
+            ;(Flag as { OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK: boolean }).OPENCODE_DISABLE_FILETIME_CHECK = original
+          }
+        },
+      })
+    })
  })

  describe("withLock()", () => {
@@ -200,27 +212,25 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
          const order: number[] = []
-          const hold = gate()
-          const ready = gate()

          const op1 = FileTime.withLock(filepath, async () => {
            order.push(1)
-            ready.open()
-            await hold.wait
+            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10))
            order.push(2)
          })

-          await ready.wait
-
          const op2 = FileTime.withLock(filepath, async () => {
            order.push(3)
            order.push(4)
          })

-          hold.open()
-
          await Promise.all([op1, op2])
-          expect(order).toEqual([1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+          // Operations should be serialized
+          expect(order).toContain(1)
+          expect(order).toContain(2)
+          expect(order).toContain(3)
+          expect(order).toContain(4)
        },
      })
    })
@@ -235,24 +245,19 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
        fn: async () => {
          let started1 = false
          let started2 = false
-          const hold = gate()
-          const ready = gate()

          const op1 = FileTime.withLock(filepath1, async () => {
            started1 = true
-            ready.open()
-            await hold.wait
-            expect(started2).toBe(true)
+            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50))
+            expect(started2).toBe(true) // op2 should have started while op1 is running
          })

-          await ready.wait
-
          const op2 = FileTime.withLock(filepath2, async () => {
            started2 = true
-            hold.open()
          })

          await Promise.all([op1, op2])
+
          expect(started1).toBe(true)
          expect(started2).toBe(true)
        },
@@ -272,6 +277,7 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
            }),
          ).rejects.toThrow("Test error")

+          // Lock should be released, subsequent operations should work
          let executed = false
          await FileTime.withLock(filepath, async () => {
            executed = true
@@ -280,6 +286,31 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
        },
      })
    })
+
+    test("deadlocks on nested locks (expected behavior)", async () => {
+      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
+
+      await Instance.provide({
+        directory: tmp.path,
+        fn: async () => {
+          // Nested locks on same file cause deadlock - this is expected
+          // The outer lock waits for inner to complete, but inner waits for outer to release
+          const timeout = new Promise<never>((_, reject) =>
+            setTimeout(() => reject(new Error("Deadlock detected")), 100),
+          )
+
+          const nestedLock = FileTime.withLock(filepath, async () => {
+            return FileTime.withLock(filepath, async () => {
+              return "inner"
+            })
+          })
+
+          // Should timeout due to deadlock
+          await expect(Promise.race([nestedLock, timeout])).rejects.toThrow("Deadlock detected")
+        },
+      })
+    })
  })

  describe("stat() Filesystem.stat pattern", () => {
@@ -287,17 +318,17 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "content", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)

          const stats = Filesystem.stat(filepath)
          expect(stats?.mtime).toBeInstanceOf(Date)
          expect(stats!.mtime.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(0)

+          // FileTime.assert uses this stat internally
          await FileTime.assert(sessionID, filepath)
        },
      })
@@ -307,17 +338,17 @@ describe("file/time", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "original", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(sessionID, filepath)

          const originalStat = Filesystem.stat(filepath)

+          // Wait and modify
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
          await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified", "utf-8")
-          await touch(filepath, 2_000)

          const newStat = Filesystem.stat(filepath)
          expect(newStat!.mtime.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(originalStat!.mtime.getTime())
@@ -1,236 +0,0 @@
-import { $ } from "bun"
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import fs from "fs/promises"
-import path from "path"
-import { Deferred, Effect, Fiber, Option } from "effect"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { watcherConfigLayer, withServices } from "../fixture/instance"
-import { FileWatcher, FileWatcherService } from "../../src/file/watcher"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { GlobalBus } from "../../src/bus/global"
-
-// Native @parcel/watcher bindings aren't reliably available in CI (missing on Linux, flaky on Windows)
-const describeWatcher = FileWatcher.hasNativeBinding() && !process.env.CI ? describe : describe.skip
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-type BusUpdate = { directory?: string; payload: { type: string; properties: WatcherEvent } }
-type WatcherEvent = { file: string; event: "add" | "change" | "unlink" }
-
-/** Run `body` with a live FileWatcherService. */
-function withWatcher<E>(directory: string, body: Effect.Effect<void, E>) {
-  return withServices(
-    directory,
-    FileWatcherService.layer,
-    async (rt) => {
-      await rt.runPromise(FileWatcherService.use((s) => s.init()))
-      await Effect.runPromise(ready(directory))
-      await Effect.runPromise(body)
-    },
-    { provide: [watcherConfigLayer] },
-  )
-}
-
-function listen(directory: string, check: (evt: WatcherEvent) => boolean, hit: (evt: WatcherEvent) => void) {
-  let done = false
-
-  function on(evt: BusUpdate) {
-    if (done) return
-    if (evt.directory !== directory) return
-    if (evt.payload.type !== FileWatcher.Event.Updated.type) return
-    if (!check(evt.payload.properties)) return
-    hit(evt.payload.properties)
-  }
-
-  function cleanup() {
-    if (done) return
-    done = true
-    GlobalBus.off("event", on)
-  }
-
-  GlobalBus.on("event", on)
-  return cleanup
-}
-
-function wait(directory: string, check: (evt: WatcherEvent) => boolean) {
-  return Effect.callback<WatcherEvent>((resume) => {
-    const cleanup = listen(directory, check, (evt) => {
-      cleanup()
-      resume(Effect.succeed(evt))
-    })
-    return Effect.sync(cleanup)
-  }).pipe(Effect.timeout("5 seconds"))
-}
-
-function nextUpdate<E>(directory: string, check: (evt: WatcherEvent) => boolean, trigger: Effect.Effect<void, E>) {
-  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
-    wait(directory, check).pipe(Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true })),
-    (fiber) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        yield* trigger
-        return yield* Fiber.join(fiber)
-      }),
-    Fiber.interrupt,
-  )
-}
-
-/** Effect that asserts no matching event arrives within `ms`. */
-function noUpdate<E>(
-  directory: string,
-  check: (evt: WatcherEvent) => boolean,
-  trigger: Effect.Effect<void, E>,
-  ms = 500,
-) {
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const deferred = yield* Deferred.make<WatcherEvent>()
-
-    yield* Effect.acquireUseRelease(
-      Effect.sync(() =>
-        listen(directory, check, (evt) => {
-          Effect.runSync(Deferred.succeed(deferred, evt))
-        }),
-      ),
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* trigger
-          expect(yield* Deferred.await(deferred).pipe(Effect.timeoutOption(`${ms} millis`))).toEqual(Option.none())
-        }),
-      (cleanup) => Effect.sync(cleanup),
-    )
-  })
-}
-
-function ready(directory: string) {
-  const file = path.join(directory, `.watcher-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`)
-  const head = path.join(directory, ".git", "HEAD")
-
-  return Effect.gen(function* () {
-    yield* nextUpdate(
-      directory,
-      (evt) => evt.file === file && evt.event === "add",
-      Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(file, "ready")),
-    ).pipe(Effect.ensuring(Effect.promise(() => fs.rm(file, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined))), Effect.asVoid)
-
-    const git = yield* Effect.promise(() =>
-      fs
-        .stat(head)
-        .then(() => true)
-        .catch(() => false),
-    )
-    if (!git) return
-
-    const branch = `watch-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`
-    const hash = yield* Effect.promise(() => $`git rev-parse HEAD`.cwd(directory).quiet().text())
-    yield* nextUpdate(
-      directory,
-      (evt) => evt.file === head && evt.event !== "unlink",
-      Effect.promise(async () => {
-        await fs.writeFile(path.join(directory, ".git", "refs", "heads", branch), hash.trim() + "\n")
-        await fs.writeFile(head, `ref: refs/heads/${branch}\n`)
-      }),
-    ).pipe(Effect.asVoid)
-  })
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Tests
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-describeWatcher("FileWatcherService", () => {
-  afterEach(() => Instance.disposeAll())
-
-  test("publishes root create, update, and delete events", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const file = path.join(tmp.path, "watch.txt")
-    const dir = tmp.path
-    const cases = [
-      { event: "add" as const, trigger: Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(file, "a")) },
-      { event: "change" as const, trigger: Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(file, "b")) },
-      { event: "unlink" as const, trigger: Effect.promise(() => fs.unlink(file)) },
-    ]
-
-    await withWatcher(
-      dir,
-      Effect.forEach(cases, ({ event, trigger }) =>
-        nextUpdate(dir, (evt) => evt.file === file && evt.event === event, trigger).pipe(
-          Effect.tap((evt) => Effect.sync(() => expect(evt).toEqual({ file, event }))),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-  })
-
-  test("watches non-git roots", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-    const file = path.join(tmp.path, "plain.txt")
-    const dir = tmp.path
-
-    await withWatcher(
-      dir,
-      nextUpdate(
-        dir,
-        (e) => e.file === file && e.event === "add",
-        Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(file, "plain")),
-      ).pipe(Effect.tap((evt) => Effect.sync(() => expect(evt).toEqual({ file, event: "add" })))),
-    )
-  })
-
-  test("cleanup stops publishing events", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const file = path.join(tmp.path, "after-dispose.txt")
-
-    // Start and immediately stop the watcher (withWatcher disposes on exit)
-    await withWatcher(tmp.path, Effect.void)
-
-    // Now write a file — no watcher should be listening
-    await Effect.runPromise(
-      noUpdate(
-        tmp.path,
-        (e) => e.file === file,
-        Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(file, "gone")),
-      ),
-    )
-  })
-
-  test("ignores .git/index changes", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const gitIndex = path.join(tmp.path, ".git", "index")
-    const edit = path.join(tmp.path, "tracked.txt")
-
-    await withWatcher(
-      tmp.path,
-      noUpdate(
-        tmp.path,
-        (e) => e.file === gitIndex,
-        Effect.promise(async () => {
-          await fs.writeFile(edit, "a")
-          await $`git add .`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet().nothrow()
-        }),
-      ),
-    )
-  })
-
-  test("publishes .git/HEAD events", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const head = path.join(tmp.path, ".git", "HEAD")
-    const branch = `watch-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`
-    await $`git branch ${branch}`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-    await withWatcher(
-      tmp.path,
-      nextUpdate(
-        tmp.path,
-        (evt) => evt.file === head && evt.event !== "unlink",
-        Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(head, `ref: refs/heads/${branch}\n`)),
-      ).pipe(
-        Effect.tap((evt) =>
-          Effect.sync(() => {
-            expect(evt.file).toBe(head)
-            expect(["add", "change"]).toContain(evt.event)
-          }),
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
-  })
-})
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-import { ConfigProvider, Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect";
-import { InstanceContext } from "../../src/effect/instance-context";
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance";
-
-/** ConfigProvider that enables the experimental file watcher. */
-export const watcherConfigLayer = ConfigProvider.layer(
-	ConfigProvider.fromUnknown({
-		OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILEWATCHER: "true",
-		OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER: "false",
-	}),
-);
-
-/**
- * Boot an Instance with the given service layers and run `body` with
- * the ManagedRuntime. Cleanup is automatic — the runtime is disposed
- * and Instance context is torn down when `body` completes.
- *
- * Layers may depend on InstanceContext (provided automatically).
- * Pass extra layers via `options.provide` (e.g. ConfigProvider.layer).
- */
-export function withServices<S>(
-	directory: string,
-	layer: Layer.Layer<S, any, InstanceContext>,
-	body: (rt: ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime<S, never>) => Promise<void>,
-	options?: { provide?: Layer.Layer<never>[] },
-) {
-	return Instance.provide({
-		directory,
-		fn: async () => {
-			const ctx = Layer.sync(InstanceContext, () =>
-				InstanceContext.of({
-					directory: Instance.directory,
-					worktree: Instance.worktree,
-					project: Instance.project,
-				}),
-			);
-			let resolved: Layer.Layer<S> = Layer.fresh(layer).pipe(
-				Layer.provide(ctx),
-			) as any;
-			if (options?.provide) {
-				for (const l of options.provide) {
-					resolved = resolved.pipe(Layer.provide(l)) as any;
-				}
-			}
-			const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(resolved);
-			try {
-				await body(rt);
-			} finally {
-				await rt.dispose();
-			}
-		},
-	});
-}
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { withServices } from "../fixture/instance"
-import { FormatService } from "../../src/format"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-
-describe("FormatService", () => {
-  afterEach(() => Instance.disposeAll())
-
-  test("status() returns built-in formatters when no config overrides", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-    await withServices(tmp.path, FormatService.layer, async (rt) => {
-      const statuses = await rt.runPromise(FormatService.use((s) => s.status()))
-      expect(Array.isArray(statuses)).toBe(true)
-      expect(statuses.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
-
-      for (const s of statuses) {
-        expect(typeof s.name).toBe("string")
-        expect(Array.isArray(s.extensions)).toBe(true)
-        expect(typeof s.enabled).toBe("boolean")
-      }
-
-      const gofmt = statuses.find((s) => s.name === "gofmt")
-      expect(gofmt).toBeDefined()
-      expect(gofmt!.extensions).toContain(".go")
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("status() returns empty list when formatter is disabled", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      config: { formatter: false },
-    })
-
-    await withServices(tmp.path, FormatService.layer, async (rt) => {
-      const statuses = await rt.runPromise(FormatService.use((s) => s.status()))
-      expect(statuses).toEqual([])
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("status() excludes formatters marked as disabled in config", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({
-      config: {
-        formatter: {
-          gofmt: { disabled: true },
-        },
-      },
-    })
-
-    await withServices(tmp.path, FormatService.layer, async (rt) => {
-      const statuses = await rt.runPromise(FormatService.use((s) => s.status()))
-      const gofmt = statuses.find((s) => s.name === "gofmt")
-      expect(gofmt).toBeUndefined()
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("init() completes without error", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-    await withServices(tmp.path, FormatService.layer, async (rt) => {
-      await rt.runPromise(FormatService.use((s) => s.init()))
-    })
-  })
-})
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import { afterEach, test, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { test, expect } from "bun:test"
 import os from "os"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
 import { runtime } from "../../src/effect/runtime"
-import { Instances } from "../../src/effect/instances"
 import { PermissionNext } from "../../src/permission/next"
 import * as S from "../../src/permission/service"
 import { PermissionID } from "../../src/permission/schema"
@@ -11,10 +9,6 @@ import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { MessageID, SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"

-afterEach(async () => {
-  await Instance.disposeAll()
-})
-
 async function rejectAll(message?: string) {
  for (const req of await PermissionNext.list()) {
    await PermissionNext.reply({
@@ -977,7 +971,7 @@ test("ask - should deny even when an earlier pattern is ask", async () => {
  await Instance.provide({
    directory: tmp.path,
    fn: async () => {
-      const err = await PermissionNext.ask({
+      const ask = PermissionNext.ask({
        sessionID: SessionID.make("session_test"),
        permission: "bash",
        patterns: ["echo hello", "rm -rf /"],
@@ -987,12 +981,24 @@ test("ask - should deny even when an earlier pattern is ask", async () => {
          { permission: "bash", pattern: "echo *", action: "ask" },
          { permission: "bash", pattern: "rm *", action: "deny" },
        ],
-      }).then(
-        () => undefined,
-        (err) => err,
-      )
+      })

-      expect(err).toBeInstanceOf(PermissionNext.DeniedError)
+      const out = await Promise.race([
+        ask.then(
+          () => ({ ok: true as const, err: undefined }),
+          (err) => ({ ok: false as const, err }),
+        ),
+        Bun.sleep(100).then(() => "timeout" as const),
+      ])
+
+      if (out === "timeout") {
+        await rejectAll()
+        await ask.catch(() => {})
+        throw new Error("ask timed out instead of denying immediately")
+      }
+
+      expect(out.ok).toBe(false)
+      expect(out.err).toBeInstanceOf(PermissionNext.DeniedError)
      expect(await PermissionNext.list()).toHaveLength(0)
    },
  })
@@ -1014,7 +1020,7 @@ test("ask - abort should clear pending request", async () => {
            always: [],
            ruleset: [{ permission: "bash", pattern: "*", action: "ask" }],
          }),
-        ).pipe(Effect.provide(Instances.get(Instance.directory))),
+        ),
        { signal: ctl.signal },
      )

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ process.env["OPENCODE_TEST_HOME"] = testHome
 // Set test managed config directory to isolate tests from system managed settings
 const testManagedConfigDir = path.join(dir, "managed")
 process.env["OPENCODE_TEST_MANAGED_CONFIG_DIR"] = testManagedConfigDir
-process.env["OPENCODE_DISABLE_DEFAULT_PLUGINS"] = "true"

 // Write the cache version file to prevent global/index.ts from clearing the cache
 const cacheDir = path.join(dir, "cache", "opencode")
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-import { $ } from "bun"
-import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import fs from "fs/promises"
-import path from "path"
-import { Layer, ManagedRuntime } from "effect"
-import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { watcherConfigLayer, withServices } from "../fixture/instance"
-import { FileWatcher, FileWatcherService } from "../../src/file/watcher"
-import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
-import { GlobalBus } from "../../src/bus/global"
-import { Vcs, VcsService } from "../../src/project/vcs"
-
-// Skip in CI — native @parcel/watcher binding needed
-const describeVcs = FileWatcher.hasNativeBinding() && !process.env.CI ? describe : describe.skip
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function withVcs(
-  directory: string,
-  body: (rt: ManagedRuntime.ManagedRuntime<FileWatcherService | VcsService, never>) => Promise<void>,
-) {
-  return withServices(
-    directory,
-    Layer.merge(FileWatcherService.layer, VcsService.layer),
-    async (rt) => {
-      await rt.runPromise(FileWatcherService.use((s) => s.init()))
-      await rt.runPromise(VcsService.use((s) => s.init()))
-      await Bun.sleep(200)
-      await body(rt)
-    },
-    { provide: [watcherConfigLayer] },
-  )
-}
-
-type BranchEvent = { directory?: string; payload: { type: string; properties: { branch?: string } } }
-
-/** Wait for a Vcs.Event.BranchUpdated event on GlobalBus */
-function nextBranchUpdate(directory: string, timeout = 5000) {
-  return new Promise<string | undefined>((resolve, reject) => {
-    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
-      GlobalBus.off("event", on)
-      reject(new Error("timed out waiting for BranchUpdated event"))
-    }, timeout)
-
-    function on(evt: BranchEvent) {
-      if (evt.directory !== directory) return
-      if (evt.payload.type !== Vcs.Event.BranchUpdated.type) return
-      clearTimeout(timer)
-      GlobalBus.off("event", on)
-      resolve(evt.payload.properties.branch)
-    }
-
-    GlobalBus.on("event", on)
-  })
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Tests
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-describeVcs("Vcs", () => {
-  afterEach(() => Instance.disposeAll())
-
-  test("branch() returns current branch name", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-
-    await withVcs(tmp.path, async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(VcsService.use((s) => s.branch()))
-      expect(branch).toBeDefined()
-      expect(typeof branch).toBe("string")
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("branch() returns undefined for non-git directories", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir()
-
-    await withVcs(tmp.path, async (rt) => {
-      const branch = await rt.runPromise(VcsService.use((s) => s.branch()))
-      expect(branch).toBeUndefined()
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("publishes BranchUpdated when .git/HEAD changes", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const branch = `test-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`
-    await $`git branch ${branch}`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-    await withVcs(tmp.path, async () => {
-      const pending = nextBranchUpdate(tmp.path)
-
-      const head = path.join(tmp.path, ".git", "HEAD")
-      await fs.writeFile(head, `ref: refs/heads/${branch}\n`)
-
-      const updated = await pending
-      expect(updated).toBe(branch)
-    })
-  })
-
-  test("branch() reflects the new branch after HEAD change", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const branch = `test-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`
-    await $`git branch ${branch}`.cwd(tmp.path).quiet()
-
-    await withVcs(tmp.path, async (rt) => {
-      const pending = nextBranchUpdate(tmp.path)
-
-      const head = path.join(tmp.path, ".git", "HEAD")
-      await fs.writeFile(head, `ref: refs/heads/${branch}\n`)
-
-      await pending
-      const current = await rt.runPromise(VcsService.use((s) => s.branch()))
-      expect(current).toBe(branch)
-    })
-  })
-})
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { afterEach, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Auth } from "../../src/auth"
+import { ProviderAuth } from "../../src/provider/auth"
+import { ProviderID } from "../../src/provider/schema"
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await Auth.remove("test-provider-auth")
+})
+
+test("ProviderAuth.api persists auth via AuthService", async () => {
+  await ProviderAuth.api({
+    providerID: ProviderID.make("test-provider-auth"),
+    key: "sk-test",
+  })
+
+  expect(await Auth.get("test-provider-auth")).toEqual({
+    type: "api",
+    key: "sk-test",
+  })
+})
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type { PtyID } from "../../src/pty/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { setTimeout as sleep } from "node:timers/promises"

-const wait = async (fn: () => boolean, ms = 5000) => {
+const wait = async (fn: () => boolean, ms = 2000) => {
  const end = Date.now() + ms
  while (Date.now() < end) {
    if (fn()) return
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const pick = (log: Array<{ type: "created" | "exited" | "deleted"; id: PtyID }>,
 }

 describe("pty", () => {
-  test("publishes created, exited, deleted in order for a short-lived process", async () => {
+  test("publishes created, exited, deleted in order for /bin/ls + remove", async () => {
    if (process.platform === "win32") return

    await using dir = await tmpdir({ git: true })
@@ -37,11 +37,7 @@ describe("pty", () => {

        let id: PtyID | undefined
        try {
-          const info = await Pty.create({
-            command: "/usr/bin/env",
-            args: ["sh", "-c", "sleep 0.1"],
-            title: "sleep",
-          })
+          const info = await Pty.create({ command: "/bin/ls", title: "ls" })
          id = info.id

          await wait(() => pick(log, id!).includes("exited"))
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-import { afterEach, test, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { test, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Question } from "../../src/question"
 import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
 import { QuestionID } from "../../src/question/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"

-afterEach(async () => {
-  await Instance.disposeAll()
-})
-
 /** Reject all pending questions so dangling Deferred fibers don't hang the test. */
 async function rejectAll() {
  const pending = await Question.list()
@@ -869,26 +869,6 @@ describe("session.message-v2.fromError", () => {
    })
  })

-  test("detects context overflow from context_length_exceeded code in response body", () => {
-    const error = new APICallError({
-      message: "Request failed",
-      url: "https://example.com",
-      requestBodyValues: {},
-      statusCode: 422,
-      responseHeaders: { "content-type": "application/json" },
-      responseBody: JSON.stringify({
-        error: {
-          message: "Some message",
-          type: "invalid_request_error",
-          code: "context_length_exceeded",
-        },
-      }),
-      isRetryable: false,
-    })
-    const result = MessageV2.fromError(error, { providerID })
-    expect(MessageV2.ContextOverflowError.isInstance(result)).toBe(true)
-  })
-
  test("does not classify 429 no body as context overflow", () => {
    const result = MessageV2.fromError(
      new APICallError({
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { DiscoveryService } from "../../src/skill/discovery"
-import { Global } from "../../src/global"
+import { Discovery } from "../../src/skill/discovery"
 import { Filesystem } from "../../src/util/filesystem"
 import { rm } from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
@@ -11,10 +9,9 @@ let server: ReturnType<typeof Bun.serve>
 let downloadCount = 0

 const fixturePath = path.join(import.meta.dir, "../fixture/skills")
-const cacheDir = path.join(Global.Path.cache, "skills")

 beforeAll(async () => {
-  await rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  await rm(Discovery.dir(), { recursive: true, force: true })

  server = Bun.serve({
    port: 0,
@@ -43,25 +40,22 @@ beforeAll(async () => {

 afterAll(async () => {
  server?.stop()
-  await rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  await rm(Discovery.dir(), { recursive: true, force: true })
 })

 describe("Discovery.pull", () => {
-  const pull = (url: string) =>
-    Effect.runPromise(DiscoveryService.use((s) => s.pull(url)).pipe(Effect.provide(DiscoveryService.defaultLayer)))
-
  test("downloads skills from cloudflare url", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+    const dirs = await Discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
    expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
    for (const dir of dirs) {
-      expect(dir).toStartWith(cacheDir)
+      expect(dir).toStartWith(Discovery.dir())
      const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
      expect(await Filesystem.exists(md)).toBe(true)
    }
  })

  test("url without trailing slash works", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL.replace(/\/$/, ""))
+    const dirs = await Discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL.replace(/\/$/, ""))
    expect(dirs.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
    for (const dir of dirs) {
      const md = path.join(dir, "SKILL.md")
@@ -70,18 +64,18 @@ describe("Discovery.pull", () => {
  })

  test("returns empty array for invalid url", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/invalid-url/`)
+    const dirs = await Discovery.pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/invalid-url/`)
    expect(dirs).toEqual([])
  })

  test("returns empty array for non-json response", async () => {
    // any url not explicitly handled in server returns 404 text "Not Found"
-    const dirs = await pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/some-other-path/`)
+    const dirs = await Discovery.pull(`http://localhost:${server.port}/some-other-path/`)
    expect(dirs).toEqual([])
  })

  test("downloads reference files alongside SKILL.md", async () => {
-    const dirs = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+    const dirs = await Discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
    // find a skill dir that should have reference files (e.g. agents-sdk)
    const agentsSdk = dirs.find((d) => d.endsWith(path.sep + "agents-sdk"))
    expect(agentsSdk).toBeDefined()
@@ -96,17 +90,17 @@ describe("Discovery.pull", () => {

  test("caches downloaded files on second pull", async () => {
    // clear dir and downloadCount
-    await rm(cacheDir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+    await rm(Discovery.dir(), { recursive: true, force: true })
    downloadCount = 0

    // first pull to populate cache
-    const first = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+    const first = await Discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
    expect(first.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
    const firstCount = downloadCount
    expect(firstCount).toBeGreaterThan(0)

    // second pull should return same results from cache
-    const second = await pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
+    const second = await Discovery.pull(CLOUDFLARE_SKILLS_URL)
    expect(second.length).toBe(first.length)
    expect(second.sort()).toEqual(first.sort())

@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@ const ctx = {
  ask: async () => {},
 }

-async function touch(file: string, time: number) {
-  const date = new Date(time)
-  await fs.utimes(file, date, date)
-}
-
 describe("tool.edit", () => {
  describe("creating new files", () => {
    test("creates new file when oldString is empty", async () => {
@@ -116,7 +111,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          const result = await edit.execute(
@@ -143,7 +138,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await expect(
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await expect(
@@ -235,17 +230,18 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await using tmp = await tmpdir()
      const filepath = path.join(tmp.path, "file.txt")
      await fs.writeFile(filepath, "original content", "utf-8")
-      await touch(filepath, 1_000)

      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
          // Read first
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+
+          // Wait a bit to ensure different timestamps
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))

          // Simulate external modification
          await fs.writeFile(filepath, "modified externally", "utf-8")
-          await touch(filepath, 2_000)

          // Try to edit with the new content
          const edit = await EditTool.init()
@@ -271,7 +267,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await edit.execute(
@@ -298,7 +294,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const { Bus } = await import("../../src/bus")
          const { File } = await import("../../src/file")
@@ -336,7 +332,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await edit.execute(
@@ -362,7 +358,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await edit.execute(
@@ -411,7 +407,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, dirpath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, dirpath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          await expect(
@@ -436,7 +432,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          const result = await edit.execute(
@@ -507,7 +503,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
        fn: async () => {
          const edit = await EditTool.init()
          const filePath = path.join(tmp.path, "test.txt")
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filePath)
          await edit.execute(
            {
              filePath,
@@ -648,7 +644,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
      await Instance.provide({
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const edit = await EditTool.init()

@@ -663,7 +659,7 @@ describe("tool.edit", () => {
          )

          // Need to read again since FileTime tracks per-session
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const promise2 = edit.execute(
            {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe("tool.write", () => {
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
          const { FileTime } = await import("../../src/file/time")
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const write = await WriteTool.init()
          const result = await write.execute(
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe("tool.write", () => {
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
          const { FileTime } = await import("../../src/file/time")
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, filepath)

          const write = await WriteTool.init()
          const result = await write.execute(
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ describe("tool.write", () => {
        directory: tmp.path,
        fn: async () => {
          const { FileTime } = await import("../../src/file/time")
-          await FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, readonlyPath)
+          FileTime.read(ctx.sessionID, readonlyPath)

          const write = await WriteTool.init()
          await expect(
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+import { afterEach, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Duration, Effect, Layer, ManagedRuntime, ServiceMap } from "effect"
+
+import { Instance } from "../../src/project/instance"
+import { InstanceState } from "../../src/util/instance-state"
+import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+
+async function access<A, E>(state: InstanceState<A, E>, dir: string) {
+  return Instance.provide({
+    directory: dir,
+    fn: () => Effect.runPromise(InstanceState.get(state)),
+  })
+}
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await Instance.disposeAll()
+})
+
+test("InstanceState caches values for the same instance", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+  let n = 0
+
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make(() => Effect.sync(() => ({ n: ++n })))
+
+        const a = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, tmp.path))
+        const b = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, tmp.path))
+
+        expect(a).toBe(b)
+        expect(n).toBe(1)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+})
+
+test("InstanceState isolates values by directory", async () => {
+  await using a = await tmpdir()
+  await using b = await tmpdir()
+  let n = 0
+
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make((dir) => Effect.sync(() => ({ dir, n: ++n })))
+
+        const x = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, a.path))
+        const y = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, b.path))
+        const z = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, a.path))
+
+        expect(x).toBe(z)
+        expect(x).not.toBe(y)
+        expect(n).toBe(2)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+})
+
+test("InstanceState is disposed on instance reload", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+  const seen: string[] = []
+  let n = 0
+
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make(() =>
+          Effect.acquireRelease(
+            Effect.sync(() => ({ n: ++n })),
+            (value) =>
+              Effect.sync(() => {
+                seen.push(String(value.n))
+              }),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        const a = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, tmp.path))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Instance.reload({ directory: tmp.path }))
+        const b = yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, tmp.path))
+
+        expect(a).not.toBe(b)
+        expect(seen).toEqual(["1"])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+})
+
+test("InstanceState is disposed on disposeAll", async () => {
+  await using a = await tmpdir()
+  await using b = await tmpdir()
+  const seen: string[] = []
+
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make((dir) =>
+          Effect.acquireRelease(
+            Effect.sync(() => ({ dir })),
+            (value) =>
+              Effect.sync(() => {
+                seen.push(value.dir)
+              }),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, a.path))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => access(state, b.path))
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Instance.disposeAll())
+
+        expect(seen.sort()).toEqual([a.path, b.path].sort())
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+})
+
+test("InstanceState.get reads correct directory per-evaluation (not captured once)", async () => {
+  await using a = await tmpdir()
+  await using b = await tmpdir()
+
+  // Regression: InstanceState.get must be lazy (Effect.suspend) so the
+  // directory is read per-evaluation, not captured once at the call site.
+  // Without this, a service built inside a ManagedRuntime Layer would
+  // freeze to whichever directory triggered the first layer build.
+
+  interface TestApi {
+    readonly getDir: () => Effect.Effect<string>
+  }
+
+  class TestService extends ServiceMap.Service<TestService, TestApi>()("@test/ALS-lazy") {
+    static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
+      TestService,
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make((dir) => Effect.sync(() => dir))
+        // `get` is created once during layer build — must be lazy
+        const get = InstanceState.get(state)
+
+        const getDir = Effect.fn("TestService.getDir")(function* () {
+          return yield* get
+        })
+
+        return TestService.of({ getDir })
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+
+  const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(TestService.layer)
+
+  try {
+    const resultA = await Instance.provide({
+      directory: a.path,
+      fn: () => rt.runPromise(TestService.use((s) => s.getDir())),
+    })
+    expect(resultA).toBe(a.path)
+
+    // Second call with different directory must NOT return A's directory
+    const resultB = await Instance.provide({
+      directory: b.path,
+      fn: () => rt.runPromise(TestService.use((s) => s.getDir())),
+    })
+    expect(resultB).toBe(b.path)
+  } finally {
+    await rt.dispose()
+  }
+})
+
+test("InstanceState.get isolates concurrent fibers across real delays, yields, and timer callbacks", async () => {
+  await using a = await tmpdir()
+  await using b = await tmpdir()
+  await using c = await tmpdir()
+
+  // Adversarial: concurrent fibers with real timer delays (macrotask
+  // boundaries via setTimeout/Bun.sleep), explicit scheduler yields,
+  // and many async steps. If ALS context leaks or gets lost at any
+  // point, a fiber will see the wrong directory.
+
+  interface TestApi {
+    readonly getDir: () => Effect.Effect<string>
+  }
+
+  class TestService extends ServiceMap.Service<TestService, TestApi>()("@test/ALS-adversarial") {
+    static readonly layer = Layer.effect(
+      TestService,
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make((dir) => Effect.sync(() => dir))
+
+        const getDir = Effect.fn("TestService.getDir")(function* () {
+          // Mix of async boundary types to maximise interleaving:
+          // 1. Real timer delay (macrotask — setTimeout under the hood)
+          yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.sleep(1))
+          // 2. Effect.sleep (Effect's own timer, uses its internal scheduler)
+          yield* Effect.sleep(Duration.millis(1))
+          // 3. Explicit scheduler yields
+          for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            yield* Effect.yieldNow
+          }
+          // 4. Microtask boundaries
+          for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            yield* Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve())
+          }
+          // 5. Another Effect.sleep
+          yield* Effect.sleep(Duration.millis(2))
+          // 6. Another real timer to force a second macrotask hop
+          yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.sleep(1))
+          // NOW read the directory — ALS must still be correct
+          return yield* InstanceState.get(state)
+        })
+
+        return TestService.of({ getDir })
+      }),
+    )
+  }
+
+  const rt = ManagedRuntime.make(TestService.layer)
+
+  try {
+    const [resultA, resultB, resultC] = await Promise.all([
+      Instance.provide({
+        directory: a.path,
+        fn: () => rt.runPromise(TestService.use((s) => s.getDir())),
+      }),
+      Instance.provide({
+        directory: b.path,
+        fn: () => rt.runPromise(TestService.use((s) => s.getDir())),
+      }),
+      Instance.provide({
+        directory: c.path,
+        fn: () => rt.runPromise(TestService.use((s) => s.getDir())),
+      }),
+    ])
+
+    expect(resultA).toBe(a.path)
+    expect(resultB).toBe(b.path)
+    expect(resultC).toBe(c.path)
+  } finally {
+    await rt.dispose()
+  }
+})
+
+test("InstanceState dedupes concurrent lookups for the same directory", async () => {
+  await using tmp = await tmpdir()
+  let n = 0
+
+  await Effect.runPromise(
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const state = yield* InstanceState.make(() =>
+          Effect.promise(async () => {
+            n += 1
+            await Bun.sleep(10)
+            return { n }
+          }),
+        )
+
+        const [a, b] = yield* Effect.promise(() => Promise.all([access(state, tmp.path), access(state, tmp.path)]))
+        expect(a).toBe(b)
+        expect(n).toBe(1)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+})
@@ -54,6 +54,35 @@ export type EventServerInstanceDisposed = {
  }
 }

+export type PermissionRequest = {
+  id: string
+  sessionID: string
+  permission: string
+  patterns: Array<string>
+  metadata: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  always: Array<string>
+  tool?: {
+    messageID: string
+    callID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type EventPermissionAsked = {
+  type: "permission.asked"
+  properties: PermissionRequest
+}
+
+export type EventPermissionReplied = {
+  type: "permission.replied"
+  properties: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+    reply: "once" | "always" | "reject"
+  }
+}
+
 export type QuestionOption = {
  /**
   * Display text (1-5 words, concise)
@@ -125,57 +154,6 @@ export type EventQuestionRejected = {
  }
 }

-export type PermissionRequest = {
-  id: string
-  sessionID: string
-  permission: string
-  patterns: Array<string>
-  metadata: {
-    [key: string]: unknown
-  }
-  always: Array<string>
-  tool?: {
-    messageID: string
-    callID: string
-  }
-}
-
-export type EventPermissionAsked = {
-  type: "permission.asked"
-  properties: PermissionRequest
-}
-
-export type EventPermissionReplied = {
-  type: "permission.replied"
-  properties: {
-    sessionID: string
-    requestID: string
-    reply: "once" | "always" | "reject"
-  }
-}
-
-export type EventFileWatcherUpdated = {
-  type: "file.watcher.updated"
-  properties: {
-    file: string
-    event: "add" | "change" | "unlink"
-  }
-}
-
-export type EventVcsBranchUpdated = {
-  type: "vcs.branch.updated"
-  properties: {
-    branch?: string
-  }
-}
-
-export type EventFileEdited = {
-  type: "file.edited"
-  properties: {
-    file: string
-  }
-}
-
 export type EventServerConnected = {
  type: "server.connected"
  properties: {
@@ -205,6 +183,13 @@ export type EventLspUpdated = {
  }
 }

+export type EventFileEdited = {
+  type: "file.edited"
+  properties: {
+    file: string
+  }
+}
+
 export type OutputFormatText = {
  type: "text"
 }
@@ -700,6 +685,14 @@ export type EventSessionCompacted = {
  }
 }

+export type EventFileWatcherUpdated = {
+  type: "file.watcher.updated"
+  properties: {
+    file: string
+    event: "add" | "change" | "unlink"
+  }
+}
+
 export type Todo = {
  /**
   * Brief description of the task
@@ -889,6 +882,13 @@ export type EventSessionError = {
  }
 }

+export type EventVcsBranchUpdated = {
+  type: "vcs.branch.updated"
+  properties: {
+    branch?: string
+  }
+}
+
 export type EventWorkspaceReady = {
  type: "workspace.ready"
  properties: {
@@ -962,18 +962,16 @@ export type Event =
  | EventInstallationUpdateAvailable
  | EventProjectUpdated
  | EventServerInstanceDisposed
+  | EventPermissionAsked
+  | EventPermissionReplied
  | EventQuestionAsked
  | EventQuestionReplied
  | EventQuestionRejected
-  | EventPermissionAsked
-  | EventPermissionReplied
-  | EventFileWatcherUpdated
-  | EventVcsBranchUpdated
-  | EventFileEdited
  | EventServerConnected
  | EventGlobalDisposed
  | EventLspClientDiagnostics
  | EventLspUpdated
+  | EventFileEdited
  | EventMessageUpdated
  | EventMessageRemoved
  | EventMessagePartUpdated
@@ -982,6 +980,7 @@ export type Event =
  | EventSessionStatus
  | EventSessionIdle
  | EventSessionCompacted
+  | EventFileWatcherUpdated
  | EventTodoUpdated
  | EventTuiPromptAppend
  | EventTuiCommandExecute
@@ -995,6 +994,7 @@ export type Event =
  | EventSessionDeleted
  | EventSessionDiff
  | EventSessionError
+  | EventVcsBranchUpdated
  | EventWorkspaceReady
  | EventWorkspaceFailed
  | EventPtyCreated
@@ -7062,6 +7062,96 @@
        },
        "required": ["type", "properties"]
      },
+      "PermissionRequest": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^per.*"
+          },
+          "sessionID": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^ses.*"
+          },
+          "permission": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "patterns": {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "propertyNames": {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "additionalProperties": {}
+          },
+          "always": {
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string"
+            }
+          },
+          "tool": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg.*"
+              },
+              "callID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["messageID", "callID"]
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "sessionID", "permission", "patterns", "metadata", "always"]
+      },
+      "Event.permission.asked": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "const": "permission.asked"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/PermissionRequest"
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["type", "properties"]
+      },
+      "Event.permission.replied": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "const": "permission.replied"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses.*"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^per.*"
+              },
+              "reply": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["once", "always", "reject"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "reply"]
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["type", "properties"]
+      },
      "QuestionOption": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
@@ -7212,168 +7302,6 @@
        },
        "required": ["type", "properties"]
      },
-      "PermissionRequest": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^per.*"
-          },
-          "sessionID": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^ses.*"
-          },
-          "permission": {
-            "type": "string"
-          },
-          "patterns": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          },
-          "metadata": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "propertyNames": {
-              "type": "string"
-            },
-            "additionalProperties": {}
-          },
-          "always": {
-            "type": "array",
-            "items": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          },
-          "tool": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "messageID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^msg.*"
-              },
-              "callID": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["messageID", "callID"]
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["id", "sessionID", "permission", "patterns", "metadata", "always"]
-      },
-      "Event.permission.asked": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "const": "permission.asked"
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/PermissionRequest"
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "properties"]
-      },
-      "Event.permission.replied": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "const": "permission.replied"
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "sessionID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^ses.*"
-              },
-              "requestID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^per.*"
-              },
-              "reply": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "enum": ["once", "always", "reject"]
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "reply"]
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "properties"]
-      },
-      "Event.file.watcher.updated": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "const": "file.watcher.updated"
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "file": {
-                "type": "string"
-              },
-              "event": {
-                "anyOf": [
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "const": "add"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "const": "change"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "const": "unlink"
-                  }
-                ]
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["file", "event"]
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "properties"]
-      },
-      "Event.vcs.branch.updated": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "const": "vcs.branch.updated"
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "branch": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "properties"]
-      },
-      "Event.file.edited": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "const": "file.edited"
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "file": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["file"]
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "properties"]
-      },
      "Event.server.connected": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
@@ -7438,6 +7366,25 @@
        },
        "required": ["type", "properties"]
      },
+      "Event.file.edited": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "const": "file.edited"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "file": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["file"]
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["type", "properties"]
+      },
      "OutputFormatText": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
@@ -8919,6 +8866,41 @@
        },
        "required": ["type", "properties"]
      },
+      "Event.file.watcher.updated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "const": "file.watcher.updated"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "file": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "event": {
+                "anyOf": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "const": "add"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "const": "change"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "const": "unlink"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["file", "event"]
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["type", "properties"]
+      },
      "Todo": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
@@ -9405,6 +9387,24 @@
        },
        "required": ["type", "properties"]
      },
+      "Event.vcs.branch.updated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "const": "vcs.branch.updated"
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "branch": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["type", "properties"]
+      },
      "Event.workspace.ready": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
@@ -9611,6 +9611,12 @@
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.server.instance.disposed"
          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.permission.asked"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.permission.replied"
+          },
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.question.asked"
          },
@@ -9620,21 +9626,6 @@
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.question.rejected"
          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.permission.asked"
-          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.permission.replied"
-          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.file.watcher.updated"
-          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.vcs.branch.updated"
-          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.file.edited"
-          },
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.server.connected"
          },
@@ -9647,6 +9638,9 @@
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.lsp.updated"
          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.file.edited"
+          },
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.message.updated"
          },
@@ -9671,6 +9665,9 @@
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.session.compacted"
          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.file.watcher.updated"
+          },
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.todo.updated"
          },
@@ -9710,6 +9707,9 @@
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.session.error"
          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.vcs.branch.updated"
+          },
          {
            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Event.workspace.ready"
          },