[worker] Apply log masking to uploaded Xcode build logs

Pass the job's log masks to the Xcode build log upload and mask the file
line by line while streaming it, including values written in the escaped
form Xcode uses for build settings.

.changeset/android-launch-arg-early-validation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+'@expo/eas-build-job': minor
+'@expo/build-tools': patch
+---
+
+Export `validateAndroidLaunchOptions` and `quoteAndroidShellCommand` from `@expo/eas-build-job`, so Android launch arguments can be checked for NUL characters and length before a simulator session starts, and check them before the emulator boots in agent-device sessions.

.changeset/simulator-get-job-run-errors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'eas-cli': patch
+---
+
+Show why a simulator session failed in `eas simulator:get`, and add an `errors` array to its `--json` output. For an unknown error, `simulator:start` and `simulator:get` now show the failed step's error from the session logs.

.changeset/simulator-start-job-run-errors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'eas-cli': patch
+---
+
+Show why a simulator session failed in `eas simulator:start`, such as an unknown `--device` name, instead of only the session status.

.changeset/worker-mask-logged-errors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@expo/worker': patch
+---
+
+Mask secrets in every field of uploaded job log records, such as logged errors, not only in log messages.

.changeset/worker-mask-xcode-build-logs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@expo/worker': patch
+---
+
+Apply the job log's secret masking to uploaded Xcode build logs.

.github/workflows/test-graphql.yml

@@ -22,4 +22,3 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-mise
       - run: yarn install --immutable
       - run: yarn verify-graphql-code
-        working-directory: packages/eas-cli

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,42 @@
 
 This is the log of notable changes to EAS CLI and related packages.
 
+## [25.3.0](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/releases/tag/v25.3.0) - 2026-10-20
+
+### 🎉 New features
+
+- [eas-cli] Add a Free plan build limit checkout experiment to `eas build` that offers to open the Starter plan checkout. ([#4633](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4633) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- [build-tools] Let serve-sim boot, install and launch Argent iOS sessions. ([#4602](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4602) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- [build-tools] Let serve-sim boot, install and launch Appium iOS sessions. ([#4603](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4603) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- [build-tools] Upload the screen recording session manifest as a JSON artifact alongside each video. ([#4689](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4689) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- [eas-cli] Add a `--system-image` flag to `eas simulator:start` to select the Android SDK system image for the emulator. ([#4500](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4500) by [@krystofwoldrich](https://github.com/krystofwoldrich))
+
+### 🐛 Bug fixes
+
+- [build-tools] Quote Android launch arguments and URLs for the device shell in simulator sessions, so values with spaces or shell characters reach `am start` as one argument; pass raw values and remove any shell quoting added as a workaround. ([#4695](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4695) by [@brentvatne](https://github.com/brentvatne))
+- [build-tools] Wait up to five minutes for Google Play to finish processing an uploaded bundle before giving up on the edit commit. ([#4700](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4700) by [@hSATAC](https://github.com/hSATAC))
+- [build-tools] Reset the device run session idle timer on iOS Simulator preview input. ([#4691](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4691) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- [build-tools] Forward captured Simulator traffic through the local egress proxy. ([#4598](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4598) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+## [25.2.0](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/releases/tag/v25.2.0) - 2026-10-17
+
+### 🎉 New features
+
+- [eas-cli] Add experimentation client. ([#4558](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4558) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- [eas-cli] Add a Free plan build limit guidance experiment for coding agents to `eas build`. ([#4631](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4631) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- [build-tools] Let serve-sim boot, install and launch agent-device iOS sessions with the local-egress guard. ([#4544](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4544) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- [eas-cli] Add `eas simulator:control` to run serve-sim actions, with file upload and download, on a remote iOS simulator session. ([#4641](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4641) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+### 🧹 Chores
+
+- [eas-cli] Prepare authenticated simulator action transport and file transfers. ([#4642](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4642) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+## [25.1.1](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/releases/tag/v25.1.1) - 2026-10-16
+
+### 🐛 Bug fixes
+
+- [build-tools] Call www only through the device run session worker API in device run session jobs, and remove their GraphQL fallbacks. ([#4638](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4638) by [@szdziedzic](https://github.com/szdziedzic))
+
 ## [25.1.0](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/releases/tag/v25.1.0) - 2026-10-16
 
 ### 🎉 New features

cli-versions.json

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "STAGING": "25.0.0",
-  "PRODUCTION": "25.0.0"
+  "STAGING": "25.3.0",
+  "PRODUCTION": "25.3.0"
 }

lerna.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
   "npmClient": "yarn",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "$schema": "node_modules/lerna/schemas/lerna-schema.json"
 }

package.json

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
   "scripts": {
     "build": "lerna run build",
     "typecheck": "lerna run typecheck",
+    "verify-graphql-code": "lerna run verify-graphql-code --concurrency 1",
     "start": "lerna run watch --stream --parallel",
     "start-allow-unused": "lerna run watch-allow-unused --stream --parallel",
     "watch": "yarn start",

packages/build-tools/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,32 @@
 # @expo/build-tools
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Let serve-sim boot, install and launch Argent iOS sessions. ([#4602](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4602) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- Let serve-sim boot, install and launch Appium iOS sessions. ([#4603](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4603) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- Upload the screen recording session manifest as a JSON artifact alongside each video. ([#4689](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4689) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Quote Android launch arguments and URLs for the device shell in simulator sessions, so values with spaces or shell characters reach `am start` as one argument; pass raw values and remove any shell quoting added as a workaround. ([#4695](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4695) by [@brentvatne](https://github.com/brentvatne))
+- Wait up to five minutes for Google Play to finish processing an uploaded bundle before giving up on the edit commit. ([#4700](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4700) by [@hSATAC](https://github.com/hSATAC))
+- Reset the device run session idle timer on iOS Simulator preview input. ([#4691](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4691) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+- Forward captured Simulator traffic through the local egress proxy. ([#4598](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4598) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Let serve-sim boot, install and launch agent-device iOS sessions with the local-egress guard. ([#4544](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4544) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Call www only through the device run session worker API in device run session jobs, and remove their GraphQL fallbacks. ([#4638](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4638) by [@szdziedzic](https://github.com/szdziedzic))
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 ### Minor Changes

packages/build-tools/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@expo/build-tools",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/issues",
   "license": "BUSL-1.1",
   "author": "Expo <[email protected]>",
@@ -36,22 +36,23 @@
     "clean": "rimraf node_modules dist coverage \"*.tsbuildinfo\"",
     "gql": "gql.tada generate-schema ${API_SERVER_URL:-https://api.expo.dev}/graphql --output ./schema.graphql && gql.tada generate-output",
     "gql:local": "API_SERVER_URL=http://api.expo.test yarn gql",
+    "verify-graphql-code": "./scripts/verify-graphql.sh",
     "test": "yarn jest-unit"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@expo/config": "55.0.10",
     "@expo/config-plugins": "55.0.7",
-    "@expo/downloader": "25.1.0",
-    "@expo/eas-build-job": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/downloader": "25.3.0",
+    "@expo/eas-build-job": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/env": "^0.4.0",
-    "@expo/logger": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/logger": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/package-manager": "1.9.10",
     "@expo/plist": "^0.3.5",
     "@expo/results": "^1.0.0",
     "@expo/spawn-async": "1.7.2",
-    "@expo/steps": "25.1.0",
-    "@expo/template-file": "25.1.0",
-    "@expo/turtle-spawn": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/steps": "25.3.0",
+    "@expo/template-file": "25.3.0",
+    "@expo/turtle-spawn": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/xcpretty": "^4.3.1",
     "@ngrok/ngrok": "1.7.0",
     "@sentry/node": "7.77.0",

packages/build-tools/scripts/verify-graphql.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -eox pipefail
+
+# Generated GraphQL files are untracked, so always regenerate and check compatibility.
+yarn gql
+yarn run -T lerna run build --scope @expo/build-tools --include-dependencies

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/deviceSessionHost-orchestration.test.ts

@@ -79,9 +79,11 @@ beforeEach(() => {
     apiUrl: 'https://preview.example.test',
     closeAsync: closePreview,
   });
-  jest
-    .mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync)
-    .mockResolvedValue({ openPreviewAsync: openPreview, finishAsync: finishHost });
+  jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+    openPreviewAsync: openPreview,
+    getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
+    finishAsync: finishHost,
+  });
   jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mockReturnValue({
     pid: undefined,
     getOutput: () => '',

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/launchApplication.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform } from '@expo/steps';
 import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
 
 import { createGlobalContextMock } from '../../../__tests__/utils/context';
 import { createMockLogger } from '../../../__tests__/utils/logger';
@@ -201,6 +202,263 @@ describe(launchApplicationAsync, () => {
     expect(mockedSpawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('quotes Android launch arguments and URLs for the device shell', async () => {
+    const logger = createMockLogger();
+
+    await launchApplicationAsync({
+      applicationIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+      activityName: 'dev.example.app.MainActivity',
+      launchArgs: ['-d', 'euxy://tempo', '--es', 'probe', 'hello world', '--es', 'quote', "it's"],
+      openUrl: 'exp://example.test/path?a=1&b=2',
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+      env: {},
+      logger,
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      'adb',
+      [
+        'shell',
+        'am',
+        'start',
+        '-d',
+        'euxy://tempo',
+        '--es',
+        'probe',
+        "'hello world'",
+        '--es',
+        'quote',
+        "'it'\\''s'",
+        '-n',
+        'dev.example.app/dev.example.app.MainActivity',
+      ],
+      { env: {}, logger }
+    );
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      'adb',
+      [
+        'shell',
+        'am',
+        'start',
+        '-a',
+        'android.intent.action.VIEW',
+        '-d',
+        "'exp://example.test/path?a=1&b=2'",
+      ],
+      { env: {}, logger }
+    );
+    expect(logger.info).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      `Launching dev.example.app with arguments ${JSON.stringify(['-d', 'euxy://tempo', '--es', 'probe', 'hello world', '--es', 'quote', "it's"])}.`
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('passes iOS launch arguments with spaces unquoted', async () => {
+    await launchApplicationAsync({
+      applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+      launchArgs: ['-name', 'hello world'],
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+      env: {},
+      logger: createMockLogger(),
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'xcrun',
+      ['simctl', 'launch', 'booted', 'com.example.app', '-name', 'hello world'],
+      expect.any(Object)
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips quoted Android arguments through a POSIX shell', async () => {
+    const component = 'dev.example.app/dev.example.app.MainActivity$Inner';
+    const launchArgs = [
+      '--es',
+      'text',
+      'hello world',
+      '--es',
+      'json',
+      '{"a":1,"b":2}',
+      '--es',
+      'shell',
+      '$(printf injected) `printf injected` $HOME ; & | < >',
+      '--es',
+      'glob',
+      '*',
+      '--es',
+      'home',
+      '~',
+      '--esa',
+      'list',
+      'a\\,b,c',
+      '--es',
+      'whitespace',
+      'one\ntwo\tthree',
+      '--es',
+      'unicode',
+      'héllo 🌍',
+      '--es',
+      'empty',
+      '',
+    ];
+    const openUrl = 'exp://example.test/path?a=1&b=2#fragment';
+
+    await launchApplicationAsync({
+      applicationIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+      activityName: 'dev.example.app.MainActivity$Inner',
+      launchArgs,
+      openUrl,
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+      env: {},
+      logger: createMockLogger(),
+    });
+
+    // adb joins the words after `shell` with spaces and the device shell parses the result.
+    const parsedCommands = mockedSpawn.mock.calls.map(([, args]) => {
+      const { stdout } = spawnSync(
+        '/bin/sh',
+        ['-c', `am() { printf '%s\\0' "$@"; }; ${(args as string[]).slice(1).join(' ')}`],
+        { encoding: 'utf8' }
+      );
+      return stdout.split('\0').slice(0, -1);
+    });
+    expect(parsedCommands).toEqual([
+      ['start', ...launchArgs, '-n', component],
+      ['start', '-a', 'android.intent.action.VIEW', '-d', openUrl],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([[['--es', 'key', '']], [['-e', 'key', '']], [['-d', '']]])(
+    'passes empty Android option values as empty arguments (%j)',
+    async launchArgs => {
+      await launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        launchArgs,
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      });
+
+      expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'adb',
+        [
+          'shell',
+          'am',
+          'start',
+          ...launchArgs.map(argument => (argument === '' ? "''" : argument)),
+          '-n',
+          'com.example.app/com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        ],
+        expect.any(Object)
+      );
+    }
+  );
+
+  it('explains an Android launch failure when a launch argument is empty', async () => {
+    const launchError = new Error('adb shell am start exited with non-zero code: 1');
+    mockedSpawn.mockRejectedValueOnce(launchError);
+
+    await expect(
+      launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        launchArgs: ['--ez', 'isTest', 'true', ''],
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      })
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_FAILED',
+      message: expect.stringContaining('empty argument at position 4'),
+      cause: launchError,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('rethrows an Android launch failure unchanged when no launch argument is empty', async () => {
+    const launchError = new Error('adb shell am start exited with non-zero code: 1');
+    mockedSpawn.mockRejectedValueOnce(launchError);
+
+    await expect(
+      launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        launchArgs: ['--ez', 'isTest', 'true'],
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      })
+    ).rejects.toBe(launchError);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    { launchArgs: ['--es', 'key', 'a\0b'] },
+    { launchArgs: [], openUrl: 'exp://example.test/a\0b' },
+  ])('rejects NUL characters on Android (%j)', async ({ launchArgs, openUrl }) => {
+    await expect(
+      launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        launchArgs,
+        openUrl,
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      })
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' });
+    expect(mockedSpawn).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'adb',
+      expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringContaining('\0')]),
+      expect.any(Object)
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('accepts an Android launch command of exactly 65,000 bytes', async () => {
+    const fixedLength = 'am start --es key  -n com.example.app/com.example.app.MainActivity'.length;
+
+    await launchApplicationAsync({
+      applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+      activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+      launchArgs: ['--es', 'key', 'a'.repeat(65_000 - fixedLength)],
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+      env: {},
+      logger: createMockLogger(),
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects an Android URL command of 65,001 bytes', async () => {
+    const fixedLength = 'am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d exp://example.test/'.length;
+
+    await expect(
+      launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        openUrl: `exp://example.test/${'a'.repeat(65_001 - fixedLength)}`,
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      })
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' });
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects an Android launch command that is too long after quoting', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      launchApplicationAsync({
+        applicationIdentifier: 'com.example.app',
+        activityName: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+        launchArgs: ['--es', 'quotes', "'".repeat(20_000)],
+        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+        env: {},
+        logger: createMockLogger(),
+      })
+    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' });
+    expect(mockedSpawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('launches using application metadata passed to the build step', async () => {
     const launchApplication = createLaunchApplicationFunction();
     const buildStep = launchApplication.createBuildStepFromFunctionCall(
@@ -237,6 +495,36 @@ describe(launchApplicationAsync, () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('quotes Android launch arguments passed to the build step', async () => {
+    const launchApplication = createLaunchApplicationFunction();
+    const buildStep = launchApplication.createBuildStepFromFunctionCall(
+      createGlobalContextMock({ runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX }),
+      {
+        callInputs: {
+          application_identifier: 'com.example.app',
+          activity_name: 'com.example.app.MainActivity',
+          launch_args: ['--es', 'probe', 'hello world'],
+        },
+      }
+    );
+    await buildStep.executeAsync();
+
+    expect(mockedSpawn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'adb',
+      [
+        'shell',
+        'am',
+        'start',
+        '--es',
+        'probe',
+        "'hello world'",
+        '-n',
+        'com.example.app/com.example.app.MainActivity',
+      ],
+      expect.any(Object)
+    );
+  });
+
   it.each([{}, ['valid', 42]])('rejects invalid launch arguments (%j)', async launchArgs => {
     const launchApplication = createLaunchApplicationFunction();
     const buildStep = launchApplication.createBuildStepFromFunctionCall(

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/remoteSessionLocalEgress.test.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ import {
   registerLocalEgressResources,
   stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync,
 } from '../../utils/localEgress';
+import {
+  reportLocalEgressGuardCoverageAsync,
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync,
+  startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync,
+  verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync,
+} from '../../utils/localEgressGuard';
 import {
   uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync,
   waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync,
@@ -51,6 +57,13 @@ jest.mock('../../utils/localEgress', () => ({
   readLocalEgressHandoffAsync: jest.fn(),
   monitorLocalEgressAsync: jest.fn(),
 }));
+jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressGuard', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/localEgressGuard'),
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync: jest.fn(),
+  startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync: jest.fn(),
+  reportLocalEgressGuardCoverageAsync: jest.fn(),
+  verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
 jest.mock('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession'),
   getDeviceRunSessionIdOrThrow: () => 'session-id',
@@ -126,9 +139,20 @@ describe.each(controllers)('%s local egress', (_name, createFunction, controller
     jest.mocked(isProcessDescendantOfAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
     jest
       .mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync)
-      .mockResolvedValue([{ udid: 'sim' }] as never);
+      .mockResolvedValue([{ udid: 'sim', name: 'iPhone 17' }] as never);
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).mockResolvedValue('sim' as never);
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValue({ ok: true } as never);
     jest.mocked(readLocalEgressHandoffAsync).mockResolvedValue(handoff);
+    jest
+      .mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync)
+      .mockImplementation(async () =>
+        (await readLocalEgressHandoffAsync())
+          ? { SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/test/egress-guard.dylib' }
+          : null
+      );
+    jest.mocked(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(reportLocalEgressGuardCoverageAsync).mockResolvedValue(null);
+    jest.mocked(verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     jest.mocked(monitorLocalEgressAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     openPreview.mockResolvedValue({
       previewPageUrl: 'https://expo.dev/simulator-preview/preview-id',
@@ -138,6 +162,7 @@ describe.each(controllers)('%s local egress', (_name, createFunction, controller
     });
     jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockResolvedValue({
       openPreviewAsync: openPreview,
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: stopPreview,
     });
     jest.mocked(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/startAgentDeviceRemoteSession-orchestration.test.ts

@@ -70,13 +70,14 @@ const mockEventCollectionStopAsync = jest.fn();
 type CaptureInputs = Parameters<typeof runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync>[1]['capture'];
 const NO_CAPTURE: CaptureInputs = { networkCapture: false, networkCaptureFields: [] };
 
-/** Runs the session for a device that is already booted, with the app (if any) launched. */
+/** Runs an Android session that is ready, or an iOS session with no application preparation. */
 async function runAsync(
   logger: { info: jest.Mock; warn: jest.Mock; child: jest.Mock },
   runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform,
   capture: CaptureInputs = NO_CAPTURE,
   disableShare = false,
-  privatePreviewUrl?: string
+  privatePreviewUrl?: string,
+  maxIdleTimeMinutes?: number
 ): Promise<void> {
   await runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(ctx, {
     env: {},
@@ -88,13 +89,16 @@ async function runAsync(
       ngrokAuthtoken: 'ngrok-token',
     },
     packageVersion: undefined,
-    maxIdleTimeMinutes: undefined,
+    maxIdleTimeMinutes,
     maxDurationSeconds: undefined,
     capture,
     disableShare,
     privatePreviewUrl,
     tasks: createStartupTasks(logger as never),
-    device: { booted: Promise.resolve(), ready: Promise.resolve() },
+    device:
+      runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN
+        ? { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: Promise.resolve() }
+        : { booted: Promise.resolve(), ready: Promise.resolve() },
   });
 }
 
@@ -124,13 +128,24 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       subdomainId: 'agent-device-abc',
       stopAsync: mockTunnelStopAsync,
     });
-    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+    const host = {
       openPreviewAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
         previewPageUrl: 'https://expo.dev/simulator-preview/preview-id',
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.tunnel.example.com',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: mockPreviewStopAsync,
+    };
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementation(async (_ctx, options) => {
+      try {
+        await options.application;
+        options.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+      } catch (error) {
+        await mockPreviewStopAsync();
+        throw error;
+      }
+      return host;
     });
     jest.mocked(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     jest.mocked(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
@@ -150,7 +165,7 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
 
     expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       ctx,
-      expect.objectContaining({ runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX })
+      expect.objectContaining({ runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, timeoutMs: 60_000 })
     );
     expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
@@ -189,6 +204,21 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
     expect(JSON.stringify(logger.info.mock.calls)).not.toContain(encodeURIComponent(token));
   });
 
+  it('resets the idle timer on preview input from the session host', async () => {
+    const previewInputAt = new Date('2026-10-19T12:00:00Z');
+    const logger = { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn(), child: jest.fn().mockReturnThis() };
+    const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(ctx, {
+      application: Promise.resolve(),
+    } as never);
+    jest.mocked(host.getLastPreviewActivityAt).mockReturnValue(previewInputAt);
+
+    await runAsync(logger, BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, NO_CAPTURE, false, undefined, 5);
+
+    const { idleTimeout } = jest.mocked(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(idleTimeout?.maxIdleTimeMinutes).toBe(5);
+    expect(idleTimeout?.getLastPreviewActivityAt?.()).toBe(previewInputAt);
+  });
+
   it('hands network capture to serve-sim', async () => {
     const logger = { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn(), child: jest.fn().mockReturnThis() };
 
@@ -289,14 +319,14 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
   });
 
   describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync with a device that is still starting', () => {
-    function deferred(): {
-      promise: Promise<void>;
-      resolve: () => void;
+    function deferred<T = void>(): {
+      promise: Promise<T>;
+      resolve: (value: T) => void;
       reject: (e: Error) => void;
     } {
-      let resolve!: () => void;
+      let resolve!: (value: T) => void;
       let reject!: (e: Error) => void;
-      const promise = new Promise<void>((res, rej) => {
+      const promise = new Promise<T>((res, rej) => {
         resolve = res;
         reject = rej;
       });
@@ -304,18 +334,26 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       return { promise, resolve, reject };
     }
 
-    type Device = { booted: Promise<unknown>; ready: Promise<unknown> };
-    function startSession(device: Device | ((tasks: StartupTasks) => Device)) {
+    type Device = Parameters<typeof runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync>[1]['device'];
+    function startSession(
+      device: Device | ((tasks: StartupTasks) => Device),
+      signal?: AbortSignal
+    ) {
       const logger = {
         info: jest.fn(),
         warn: jest.fn(),
         child: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
       } as never;
-      const tasks = createStartupTasks(logger);
+      const tasks = createStartupTasks(logger, signal);
+      const sessionDevice = typeof device === 'function' ? device(tasks) : device;
       return runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(ctx, {
         env: {},
         logger,
-        runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+        signal,
+        runtimePlatform:
+          'iosSimulatorUdid' in sessionDevice
+            ? BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN
+            : BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
         sessionEnv: {
           deviceRunSessionId: 'device-run-session-id',
           ngrokTunnelDomain: 'tunnel.example.com',
@@ -326,7 +364,7 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
         maxDurationSeconds: undefined,
         capture: NO_CAPTURE,
         tasks,
-        device: typeof device === 'function' ? device(tasks) : device,
+        device: sessionDevice,
       });
     }
 
@@ -336,7 +374,31 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       }
     }
 
-    it('starts the daemon during the boot and the session host after it', async () => {
+    it('aborts parallel startup before host failure cleanup finishes', async () => {
+      const failure = new Error('guard refused startup');
+      const cleanup = deferred();
+      const notified = deferred();
+      let startupTasks!: StartupTasks;
+      jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementation(async (_ctx, options) => {
+        options.onStartupError?.(failure);
+        notified.resolve();
+        await cleanup.promise;
+        throw failure;
+      });
+      const session = startSession(tasks => {
+        startupTasks = tasks;
+        return { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid' };
+      });
+      const rejected = expect(session).rejects.toBe(failure);
+      await notified.promise;
+      expect(startupTasks.signal.aborted).toBe(true);
+      expect(startupTasks.signal.reason).toBe(failure);
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      cleanup.resolve();
+      await rejected;
+    });
+
+    it('starts the daemon during the Android boot and the session host after it', async () => {
       const booted = deferred();
       const session = startSession({ booted: booted.promise, ready: booted.promise });
       await flushAsync();
@@ -348,10 +410,237 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       booted.resolve();
       await session;
       expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        ctx,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+          timeoutMs: 60_000,
+          iosSimulatorUdid: undefined,
+        })
+      );
       expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
-    it('reports the session as ready only after the app is launched', async () => {
+    it('preserves a failed download when aborting daemon installation rejects first', async () => {
+      const failure = new Error('download failed: build not found');
+      const installStarted = deferred();
+      jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation((async (_command, _args, options) => {
+        return await new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          options!.signal!.addEventListener(
+            'abort',
+            () => {
+              const error = new Error('The operation was aborted');
+              error.name = 'AbortError';
+              reject(error);
+            },
+            { once: true }
+          );
+          installStarted.resolve();
+        });
+      }) as typeof spawn);
+      jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementation(async (_ctx, { signal }) => {
+        return await new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          signal!.addEventListener(
+            'abort',
+            () => {
+              setTimeout(() => reject(signal!.reason), 20);
+            },
+            { once: true }
+          );
+        });
+      });
+      const applicationReady = Promise.resolve();
+      const session = startSession(tasks => {
+        void tasks.run('build download', async () => {
+          await installStarted.promise;
+          throw failure;
+        });
+        return { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: applicationReady };
+      });
+      await expect(session).rejects.toBe(failure);
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('boots the host during download and releases startup only after preparation', async () => {
+      const hostReady = deferred();
+      const application = deferred<{
+        installAppPath: string;
+        launchAppIdentifier: string;
+        launchArgs: string[];
+        openUrl: string;
+      }>();
+      const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+        ctx,
+        {} as never
+      );
+      const release = jest.fn();
+      jest
+        .mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync)
+        .mockClear()
+        .mockImplementation(async (_ctx, options) => {
+          release(await options.application);
+          await hostReady.promise;
+          return host;
+        });
+      const applicationReady = application.promise;
+      const session = startSession({
+        iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid',
+        application: applicationReady,
+      });
+      await flushAsync();
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(release).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      const startup = {
+        installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+        launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+        launchArgs: ['--flag'],
+        openUrl: 'example://screen',
+      };
+      application.resolve(startup);
+      await flushAsync();
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        ctx,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          application: applicationReady,
+          iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid',
+          timeoutMs: 60_000,
+          signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+        })
+      );
+      expect(release).toHaveBeenCalledWith(startup);
+      expect(host.openPreviewAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      hostReady.resolve();
+      await session;
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('passes the guard boot environment with the startup installation and launch', async () => {
+      const startup = {
+        installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+        launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+        launchArgs: ['--flag'],
+        openUrl: 'example://screen',
+      };
+      const bootEnv = {
+        SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+        SIMCTL_CHILD_EAS_EGRESS_GUARD_MODE: 'block',
+        SIMCTL_CHILD_EAS_EGRESS_GUARD_LOG: '/tmp/egress-guard.log',
+        SIMCTL_CHILD_HTTP_PROXY: 'http://127.0.0.1:8899',
+      };
+      await startSession({
+        iosSimulatorUdid: 'guarded-udid',
+        bootEnv,
+        application: Promise.resolve(startup),
+      });
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        ctx,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          application: expect.any(Promise),
+          bootEnv,
+          iosSimulatorUdid: 'guarded-udid',
+        })
+      );
+      const hostOptions = jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1];
+      expect(hostOptions.bootEnv).toBe(bootEnv);
+      expect(hostOptions.bootEnv).not.toHaveProperty('DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES');
+      expect(hostOptions.bootEnv).not.toHaveProperty('SIMCTL_CHILD_DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES');
+    });
+
+    it('cleans up a host returned after cancellation without configuring the device', async () => {
+      const hostReady = deferred();
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+        ctx,
+        {} as never
+      );
+      jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementation(async () => {
+        await hostReady.promise;
+        return host;
+      });
+      const applicationReady = Promise.resolve();
+      const session = startSession(
+        { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: applicationReady },
+        controller.signal
+      );
+      const failure = expect(session).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+      await flushAsync();
+      controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+      hostReady.resolve();
+
+      await failure;
+      expect(host.openPreviewAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockDaemonStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockTunnelStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('drains in-flight application preparation and stops the waiting host after cancellation', async () => {
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      const appReady = deferred();
+      const session = startSession(
+        { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: appReady.promise },
+        controller.signal
+      );
+      const failure = expect(session).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+      await flushAsync();
+      controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+      await flushAsync();
+      expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+      appReady.resolve();
+      await failure;
+      expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('does not report readiness when cancellation arrives during preview startup', async () => {
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      const previewReady = deferred();
+      const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+        ctx,
+        {} as never
+      );
+      const preview = await host.openPreviewAsync({
+        baseDomain: 'tunnel.example.com',
+        authtoken: 'ngrok-token',
+      });
+      jest.mocked(host.openPreviewAsync).mockImplementation(async () => {
+        await previewReady.promise;
+        return preview;
+      });
+      const session = startSession(
+        { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: Promise.resolve() },
+        controller.signal
+      );
+      const failure = expect(session).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+      await flushAsync();
+      controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+      previewReady.resolve();
+
+      await failure;
+      expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('does not start resources for an already cancelled session', async () => {
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+      const applicationReady = Promise.resolve();
+
+      await expect(
+        startSession(
+          { iosSimulatorUdid: 'selected-udid', application: applicationReady },
+          controller.signal
+        )
+      ).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+      expect(spawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('starts the Android host before application readiness and waits before reporting ready', async () => {
       const ready = deferred();
       const session = startSession({ booted: Promise.resolve(), ready: ready.promise });
       await flushAsync();
@@ -361,10 +650,11 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
 
       ready.resolve();
       await session;
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
-    it('stops waiting for the boot when the daemon fails', async () => {
+    it('stops waiting for the Android boot when the daemon fails', async () => {
       jest.mocked(waitForFileAsync).mockRejectedValue(new Error('no daemon credentials'));
       const neverBooted = new Promise<void>(() => {});
 
@@ -378,7 +668,7 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('stops the session host when the app fails while the daemon install hangs', async () => {
+    it('cancels daemon installation and stops the Android host when the download fails', async () => {
       jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation(((
         command: string,
         args: string[],
@@ -394,21 +684,22 @@ describe('runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync orchestration', () => {
       await flushAsync();
       expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 
-      ready.reject(new Error('simctl install failed'));
+      ready.reject(new Error('download failed'));
 
-      await expect(session).rejects.toThrow('simctl install failed');
+      await expect(session).rejects.toThrow('download failed');
       expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(spawnDetached).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('stops everything it started when the app install fails', async () => {
+    it('stops the Android host, daemon and tunnel when the download fails', async () => {
       const ready = deferred();
       const session = startSession({ booted: Promise.resolve(), ready: ready.promise });
       await flushAsync();
-      ready.reject(new Error('simctl install failed'));
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      ready.reject(new Error('download failed'));
 
-      await expect(session).rejects.toThrow('simctl install failed');
+      await expect(session).rejects.toThrow('download failed');
       expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       expect(mockDaemonStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
       expect(mockTunnelStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/startAgentDeviceSession.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform, type BuildStepContext } from '@expo/steps';
+import { UserError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 
 import { createGlobalContextMock } from '../../../__tests__/utils/context';
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import { DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from '../../utils/deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
+import { IosSimulatorUtils } from '../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
+import { stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync } from '../../utils/localEgress';
+import {
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync,
+  startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync,
+} from '../../utils/localEgressGuard';
 import { selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync } from '../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession';
 import { downloadBuildAsync } from '../downloadBuild';
 import { installBuildAsync } from '../installBuild';
+import { readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync } from '../../utils/iosAppArtifact';
 import { launchApplicationAsync } from '../launchApplication';
 import {
   getAgentDeviceRemoteSessionEnvOrThrow,
@@ -15,17 +24,30 @@ import { createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction } from '../startAgentDeviceS
 import { startAndroidEmulatorAsync } from '../startAndroidEmulator';
 import { bootIosSimulatorAsync } from '../startIosSimulator';
 
-jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressSession', () => ({
-  withLocalEgressSession: (fn: unknown) => fn,
+jest.mock('../../utils/localEgress', () => ({
+  stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
 }));
+jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressGuard', () => ({
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync: jest.fn(),
+  startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
+jest.mock('@expo/turtle-spawn');
+jest.mock('../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils');
 jest.mock('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession'),
   selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync: jest.fn(),
 }));
-jest.mock('../startIosSimulator', () => ({ bootIosSimulatorAsync: jest.fn() }));
+jest.mock('../startIosSimulator', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../startIosSimulator'),
+  bootIosSimulatorAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
 jest.mock('../startAndroidEmulator', () => ({ startAndroidEmulatorAsync: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../downloadBuild', () => ({ downloadBuildAsync: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../installBuild', () => ({ installBuildAsync: jest.fn() }));
+jest.mock('../../utils/iosAppArtifact', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/iosAppArtifact'),
+  readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
 jest.mock('../launchApplication', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../launchApplication'),
   launchApplicationAsync: jest.fn(),
@@ -43,7 +65,17 @@ const sessionEnv = {
   ngrokAuthtoken: 'ngrok-token',
 };
 
-type Device = { booted: Promise<unknown>; ready: Promise<unknown> };
+type Device = Parameters<typeof runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync>[1]['device'];
+let deviceLaunch: unknown;
+
+function runDevicePreparationAsync(device: Device): Promise<unknown> {
+  return (
+    'iosSimulatorUdid' in device ? (device.application ?? Promise.resolve()) : device.ready
+  ).then(async launch => {
+    deviceLaunch = launch;
+    return launch;
+  });
+}
 
 function deferred<T = void>(): {
   promise: Promise<T>;
@@ -69,6 +101,7 @@ async function flushAsync(): Promise<void> {
 function runStep(
   runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform,
   inputValues: Record<string, unknown> = {},
+  signal?: AbortSignal,
   stepCtx: CustomBuildContext = ctx
 ): Promise<void> {
   const buildFunction = createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction(stepCtx);
@@ -103,22 +136,32 @@ function runStep(
         staticContext: { job: { secrets: { robotAccessToken: 'robot-token' } } },
       },
     } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
-    { inputs, outputs: {}, env: {}, signal: undefined } as never
+    { inputs, outputs: {}, env: {}, signal } as never
   ) as Promise<void>;
 }
 
-/** The `device` promises handed to the shared agent-device session code. */
 function sessionDevice(): Device {
   return jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mock.calls[0][1].device;
 }
 
 describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
+    deviceLaunch = undefined;
     jest.clearAllMocks();
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue(null);
+    jest.mocked(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).mockResolvedValue({ state: 'Shutdown' } as never);
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockResolvedValue({ stdout: '' } as never);
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).mockResolvedValue('selected-udid' as never);
+    jest
+      .mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync)
+      .mockResolvedValue([{ name: 'iPhone 17', udid: 'SELECTED-UDID' }] as never);
     jest.mocked(getAgentDeviceRemoteSessionEnvOrThrow).mockReturnValue(sessionEnv);
-    jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mockImplementation(async (_ctx, { device }) => {
-      await device.ready;
-    });
+    jest
+      .mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync)
+      .mockImplementation(async (_ctx, { device, tasks }) => {
+        await tasks.untilAborted(runDevicePreparationAsync(device));
+      });
     jest.mocked(bootIosSimulatorAsync).mockResolvedValue({
       deviceIdentifier: 'iPhone 17' as never,
       udid: 'udid' as never,
@@ -134,22 +177,31 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
       .mocked(installBuildAsync)
       .mockResolvedValue({ applicationIdentifier: 'dev.example.app', activityName: '.Main' });
     jest.mocked(launchApplicationAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).mockResolvedValue('dev.example.app');
   });
 
-  it('downloads the build and starts the session while the iOS Simulator boots', async () => {
-    const boot = deferred<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof bootIosSimulatorAsync>>>();
-    jest.mocked(bootIosSimulatorAsync).mockReturnValue(boot.promise);
-
-    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+  it('hands guarded iOS boot to serve-sim and starts reporting before host startup', async () => {
+    const bootEnv = {
+      SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+      SIMCTL_CHILD_EAS_EGRESS_GUARD_MODE: 'block',
+      SIMCTL_CHILD_http_proxy: 'http://127.0.0.1:8899',
+    };
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue(bootEnv);
+    await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
       build_id: 'build-id',
       launch_args: ['-flag'],
       open_url: 'exp://example.test',
     });
-    await flushAsync();
-
     expect(
       jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
-    ).toBeLessThan(jest.mocked(bootIosSimulatorAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]);
+    ).toBeLessThan(
+      jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    );
+    expect(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(jest.mocked(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]).toBeLessThan(
+      jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    );
+    expect(bootIosSimulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(downloadBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
         buildId: 'build-id',
@@ -159,28 +211,45 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
       })
     );
     expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    // The install needs the booted Simulator.
-    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    boot.resolve({
-      deviceIdentifier: 'iPhone 17' as never,
-      udid: 'udid' as never,
-      displayName: '',
+    const device = sessionDevice();
+    expect(device).toEqual({
+      iosSimulatorUdid: 'SELECTED-UDID',
+      bootEnv,
+      application: expect.any(Promise),
     });
-    await step;
+    expect(spawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      artifactPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+      env: {},
+    });
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(deviceLaunch).toEqual({
+      installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+      launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+      launchArgs: ['-flag'],
+      openUrl: 'exp://example.test',
+    });
+  });
 
-    expect(installBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.objectContaining({ artifactPath: '/tmp/App.app' })
-    );
-    expect(launchApplicationAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.objectContaining({
-        applicationIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
-        launchArgs: ['-flag'],
-        openUrl: 'exp://example.test',
-      })
-    );
-    expect(jest.mocked(installBuildAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]).toBeLessThan(
-      jest.mocked(launchApplicationAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+  it('shuts down only the selected guarded Booted device before host startup', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+    });
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).mockResolvedValue({ state: 'Booted' } as never);
+    await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN);
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      udid: 'SELECTED-UDID',
+      env: {},
+    });
+    expect(spawn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(spawn).toHaveBeenCalledWith('xcrun', ['simctl', 'shutdown', 'SELECTED-UDID'], {
+      env: {},
+      logger: expect.any(Object),
+      signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+    });
+    expect(jest.mocked(spawn).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]).toBeLessThan(
+      jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
     );
   });
 
@@ -191,7 +260,7 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
       expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
     } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 
-    await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, { build_id: 'build-id' }, sessionCtx);
+    await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, { build_id: 'build-id' }, undefined, sessionCtx);
 
     expect(downloadBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
@@ -215,6 +284,7 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     await runStep(
       BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
       { application_archive_url: 'https://example.test/app.tar.gz' },
+      undefined,
       sessionCtx
     );
     expect(downloadBuildAsync).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
@@ -225,7 +295,96 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('waits for the download when the Simulator boots first', async () => {
+  it('fails before download or host startup when guarded device shutdown fails', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+    });
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).mockResolvedValue({ state: 'Booted' } as never);
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockRejectedValue(new Error('shutdown failed'));
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'shutdown failed'
+    );
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('provides Simulator preparation and downloaded startup options to the remote session', async () => {
+    const hostReady = deferred();
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+    });
+    jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mockImplementation(async (_ctx, { device }) => {
+      expect('iosSimulatorUdid' in device).toBe(true);
+      if (!('iosSimulatorUdid' in device)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      await hostReady.promise;
+      deviceLaunch = await device.application;
+    });
+    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+      device_identifier: 'iPhone 17',
+      build_id: 'build-id',
+      launch_args: ['-flag'],
+      open_url: 'exp://example.test',
+    });
+    await flushAsync();
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      deviceIdentifier: 'iPhone 17',
+      env: {},
+    });
+    expect(bootIosSimulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      artifactPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+      env: {},
+    });
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(deviceLaunch).toBeUndefined();
+    hostReady.resolve();
+    await step;
+    expect(deviceLaunch).toEqual({
+      installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+      launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+      launchArgs: ['-flag'],
+      openUrl: 'exp://example.test',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('fails a guarded session before download or host startup if its boot files are missing', async () => {
+    jest
+      .mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync)
+      .mockRejectedValue(new Error('missing bin/egress-guard-check'));
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'missing bin/egress-guard-check'
+    );
+    expect(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(bootIosSimulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(spawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('releases guard reporting and egress resources when host startup fails', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      SERVE_SIM_ADDITIONAL_DYLIBS: '/w/bin/egress-guard.dylib',
+    });
+    jest
+      .mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('guard check failed'));
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'guard check failed'
+    );
+    expect(startLocalEgressGuardRelayAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(stopLocalEgressResourcesAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('waits for the download before handing the app to the host', async () => {
     const download = deferred<{ artifactPath: string }>();
     jest.mocked(downloadBuildAsync).mockReturnValue(download.promise);
 
@@ -237,16 +396,21 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
 
     download.resolve({ artifactPath: '/tmp/App.app' });
     await step;
-    expect(installBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('makes the session ready when the device boots if there is no app', async () => {
+  it('passes the selected Simulator to the host even when there is no app', async () => {
     await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN);
 
     expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    await expect(sessionDevice().ready).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(sessionDevice()).toEqual({
+      iosSimulatorUdid: 'SELECTED-UDID',
+      bootEnv: undefined,
+      application: undefined,
+    });
   });
 
   it('boots the Android Emulator with the device inputs', async () => {
@@ -278,23 +442,10 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
   });
 
   it('fails the session when the download fails, without an unhandled rejection', async () => {
-    const boot = deferred<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof bootIosSimulatorAsync>>>();
-    jest.mocked(bootIosSimulatorAsync).mockReturnValue(boot.promise);
     jest.mocked(downloadBuildAsync).mockRejectedValue(new Error('download failed'));
-
-    const stepFailure = expect(
-      runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })
-    ).rejects.toThrow('download failed');
-    // The download fails while the boot still runs. Nothing inside the step may leave
-    // that rejection unhandled; Jest fails the test if it does.
-    await flushAsync();
-    boot.resolve({
-      deviceIdentifier: 'iPhone 17' as never,
-      udid: 'udid' as never,
-      displayName: '',
-    });
-
-    await stepFailure;
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'download failed'
+    );
     expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -323,23 +474,24 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     jest
       .mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync)
       .mockImplementation(async (_ctx, { tasks, device }) => {
+        const ready = runDevicePreparationAsync(device);
         await beforeFailure?.();
         const daemon = tasks.run('agent-device daemon', async () => {
           throw new Error('daemon failed');
         });
         try {
-          await Promise.all([daemon, device.ready]);
+          await Promise.all([daemon, ready]);
         } finally {
-          await Promise.allSettled([daemon, device.ready]);
+          await Promise.allSettled([daemon, ready]);
         }
       });
   }
 
-  it('stops the download and waits for it when the boot fails', async () => {
+  it('stops the download and waits for it when Android boot fails', async () => {
     const download = mockStalledDownload();
-    jest.mocked(bootIosSimulatorAsync).mockRejectedValue(new Error('boot failed'));
+    jest.mocked(startAndroidEmulatorAsync).mockRejectedValue(new Error('boot failed'));
 
-    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
       'boot failed'
     );
 
@@ -363,25 +515,79 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('does not launch the app when startup fails during the install', async () => {
-    const install = deferred<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof installBuildAsync>>>();
-    const installStarted = deferred();
-    jest.mocked(installBuildAsync).mockImplementation(() => {
-      installStarted.resolve();
-      return install.promise;
+  it('drains the download when host startup fails before app preparation', async () => {
+    const download = mockStalledDownload();
+    jest.mocked(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).mockRejectedValue(new Error('host failed'));
+
+    await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'host failed'
+    );
+    expect(download.aborted()).toBe(true);
+    expect(download.settled()).toBe(true);
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not start work for an already cancelled step', async () => {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+
+    await expect(
+      runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' }, controller.signal)
+    ).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+    expect(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('cancels and drains a pending download through the external signal', async () => {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const download = mockStalledDownload();
+    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' }, controller.signal);
+    const failure = expect(step).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+    await flushAsync();
+    controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+
+    await failure;
+    expect(download.aborted()).toBe(true);
+    expect(download.settled()).toBe(true);
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does not start device or download work after cancellation during Xcode selection', async () => {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const selected = deferred();
+    jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mockReturnValue(selected.promise);
+    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' }, controller.signal);
+    const failure = expect(step).rejects.toThrow('cancelled');
+    await flushAsync();
+    controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+    selected.resolve();
+
+    await failure;
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(bootIosSimulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('drains app preparation when the daemon fails', async () => {
+    const metadata = deferred<string>();
+    const metadataStarted = deferred();
+    jest.mocked(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).mockImplementation(() => {
+      metadataStarted.resolve();
+      return metadata.promise;
     });
     mockSessionWithFailingDaemon(async () => {
-      await installStarted.promise;
-      // The install finishes only after the daemon failed.
-      setImmediate(() => install.resolve({ applicationIdentifier: 'dev.example.app' }));
+      await metadataStarted.promise;
+      setImmediate(() => metadata.resolve('dev.example.app'));
     });
-
     await expect(runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id' })).rejects.toThrow(
       'daemon failed'
     );
-
-    expect(installBuildAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(installBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(launchApplicationAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(deviceLaunch).toBeUndefined();
   });
 
   it('rejects conflicting application inputs before it boots anything', async () => {
@@ -464,6 +670,43 @@ describe(createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it.each([
+    ['argument count', { launch_args: Array(257).fill('a') }],
+    ['argument length', { launch_args: ['a'.repeat(9000)] }],
+    ['NUL argument', { launch_args: ['a\u0000b'] }],
+    ['total UTF-8 bytes', { launch_args: Array(8).fill('😃'.repeat(4096)) }],
+    ['NUL URL', { open_url: 'example:\u0000screen' }],
+    ['URL length', { open_url: `example://${'a'.repeat(8192)}` }],
+  ])('rejects iOS launch %s before startup work', async (_name, inputs) => {
+    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { build_id: 'build-id', ...inputs });
+    await expect(step).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(UserError);
+    expect(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(bootIosSimulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['NUL argument', { launch_args: ['a\u0000b'] }],
+    ['command length', { launch_args: ['--es', 'quotes', "'".repeat(20_000)] }],
+    ['NUL URL', { open_url: 'example:\u0000screen' }],
+  ])('rejects Android launch %s before startup work', async (_name, inputs) => {
+    const step = runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, { build_id: 'build-id', ...inputs });
+    await expect(step).rejects.toMatchObject({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' });
+    expect(startAndroidEmulatorAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(downloadBuildAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('keeps Android launch inputs on its existing direct path', async () => {
+    const launchArgs = ['a'.repeat(9000)];
+    await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, { build_id: 'build-id', launch_args: launchArgs });
+    expect(launchApplicationAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX, launchArgs })
+    );
+  });
+
   it('passes network capture to the session', async () => {
     await runStep(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
       network_capture: true,

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/startAppiumRemoteSession.test.ts

@@ -6,14 +6,18 @@ import { createGlobalContextMock } from '../../../__tests__/utils/context';
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import { AndroidEmulatorUtils } from '../../../utils/AndroidEmulatorUtils';
 import { IosSimulatorUtils } from '../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
+import * as processes from '../../../utils/processes';
 import { sleepAsync } from '../../../utils/retry';
 import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { startAppiumEventCollectionAsync } from '../../utils/appiumEvents';
 import { startDeviceSessionHostAsync } from '../../utils/deviceSessionHost';
+import { preparePreinstalledWdaAsync } from '../../utils/preinstalledWda';
 import {
+  ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync,
   selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync,
   spawnDetached,
   startNgrokTunnelAsync,
+  waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync,
 } from '../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession';
 
 import {
@@ -27,11 +31,16 @@ jest.mock('../../../utils/AndroidEmulatorUtils', () => ({
   AndroidEmulatorUtils: { getAttachedDevicesAsync: jest.fn() },
 }));
 jest.mock('../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils', () => ({
-  IosSimulatorUtils: { getAvailableDevicesAsync: jest.fn() },
+  IosSimulatorUtils: {
+    getAvailableDevicesAsync: jest.fn(),
+    getDeviceAsync: jest.fn(),
+    resolveUdidAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('chosen-ios-udid'),
+  },
 }));
 jest.mock('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession'),
   selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync: jest.fn(),
+  ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync: jest.fn(),
   spawnDetached: jest.fn(),
   startNgrokTunnelAsync: jest.fn(),
   waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync: jest.fn(),
@@ -48,6 +57,15 @@ jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch', () => ({
 }));
 jest.mock('../../utils/appiumEvents', () => ({ startAppiumEventCollectionAsync: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../../utils/deviceSessionHost');
+jest.mock('../../utils/preinstalledWda', () => ({ preparePreinstalledWdaAsync: jest.fn() }));
+jest.mock('../../utils/iosAppArtifact', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/iosAppArtifact'),
+  readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('dev.example.app'),
+}));
+jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressGuard', () => ({
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+}));
+
 jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressSession', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/localEgressSession'),
   uploadRemoteSessionConfigWithLocalEgressAsync: jest.fn(),
@@ -88,7 +106,6 @@ describe(resolveAppiumDeviceAsync, () => {
       resolveAppiumDeviceAsync({
         runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
         env: {},
-        logger,
       })
     ).resolves.toEqual({
       platformName: 'iOS',
@@ -97,7 +114,6 @@ describe(resolveAppiumDeviceAsync, () => {
       udid: 'ios-simulator-id',
       runtimeIdentifier: 'com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-5',
     });
-    expect(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ env: {}, logger });
     expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       env: {},
       filter: 'booted',
@@ -113,7 +129,6 @@ describe(resolveAppiumDeviceAsync, () => {
       resolveAppiumDeviceAsync({
         runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
         env: {},
-        logger,
       })
     ).resolves.toEqual({
       platformName: 'Android',
@@ -212,6 +227,13 @@ describe('createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction session lifecycle', () =>
   const stopEventCollection = jest.fn();
 
   beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.mocked(ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).mockResolvedValue({});
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      udid: 'CHOSEN-IOS-UDID',
+      runtime: 'com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-5',
+      state: 'Shutdown',
+    } as never);
     jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation((async (_command: string, args: string[]) => ({
       stdout: args.includes('--json') ? '{}' : '',
     })) as never);
@@ -242,6 +264,7 @@ describe('createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction session lifecycle', () =>
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.tunnel.example.com',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: jest.fn(),
     });
   });
@@ -250,16 +273,22 @@ describe('createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction session lifecycle', () =>
     jest.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
-  async function runSessionAsync(logger: { info: jest.Mock; warn: jest.Mock }): Promise<void> {
+  async function runSessionAsync(
+    logger: { info: jest.Mock; warn: jest.Mock },
+    maxIdleTimeMinutes?: number,
+    runtimePlatform = BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX,
+    startupInputs: Record<string, { value: unknown }> = {}
+  ): Promise<void> {
     await createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext).fn!(
       {
         logger,
-        global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX },
+        global: { runtimePlatform },
       } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
       {
         inputs: {
           package_version: { value: undefined },
-          max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+          max_idle_time_minutes: { value: maxIdleTimeMinutes },
+          ...startupInputs,
         },
         outputs: {},
         env: {
@@ -280,6 +309,345 @@ describe('createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction session lifecycle', () =>
     );
   }
 
+  it.each([false, true])(
+    'preserves preview settings with Simulator startup %s',
+    async bootSimulator => {
+      stopAppium.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      jest
+        .mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync)
+        .mockResolvedValue([{ udid: 'chosen-ios-udid' } as never]);
+      await runSessionAsync(logger, undefined, BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+        ...(bootSimulator
+          ? { boot_simulator: { value: true }, device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' } }
+          : {}),
+        public_preview: { value: false },
+        private_preview_url: { value: 'https://expo.dev/private-preview' },
+        frame_ancestors: { value: ['https://preview.example.com'] },
+        cors_origins: { value: ['https://api.example.com'] },
+      });
+      expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.anything(),
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          disableShare: true,
+          privatePreviewUrl: 'https://expo.dev/private-preview',
+          frameAncestors: ['https://preview.example.com'],
+          corsOrigins: ['https://api.example.com'],
+        })
+      );
+    }
+  );
+
+  it('selects Xcode only once for an already-prepared iOS session', async () => {
+    stopAppium.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mockClear();
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync).mockResolvedValue([
+      {
+        udid: 'chosen-ios-udid',
+        runtime: 'com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-4',
+      } as never,
+    ]);
+    jest.mocked(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      'appium:usePreinstalledWDA': true,
+      'appium:prebuiltWDAPath': '/tmp/legacy-wda.app',
+    });
+    await runSessionAsync(
+      { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+      undefined,
+      BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN
+    );
+    expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ runtimeIdentifier: 'com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-4' })
+    );
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(JSON.parse(jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].args.at(-1)!)).toEqual({
+      'appium:eventTimings': true,
+      'appium:usePreinstalledWDA': true,
+      'appium:prebuiltWDAPath': '/tmp/legacy-wda.app',
+    });
+    expect(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(
+      jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    ).toBeLessThan(
+      jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('starts serve-sim on the selected iOS device while Appium installation is pending', async () => {
+    stopAppium.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mockClear();
+    jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync).mockClear();
+    jest.mocked(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+      'appium:usePreinstalledWDA': true,
+      'appium:prebuiltWDAPath': '/tmp/selected-wda.app',
+    });
+    let releaseInstall!: (value: unknown) => void;
+    let enteredInstall!: () => void;
+    const installEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      enteredInstall = resolve;
+    });
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      enteredInstall();
+      return new Promise(resolve => {
+        releaseInstall = resolve;
+      }) as never;
+    });
+    const running = createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext).fn!(
+      {
+        logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+        global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN },
+      } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+      {
+        inputs: {
+          package_version: { value: undefined },
+          max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+          device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+          install_app_path: { value: '/tmp/App.app' },
+          launch_args: { value: ['--literal'] },
+          open_url: { value: 'example://home' },
+        },
+        outputs: {},
+        env: {
+          DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_ID: 'device-run-session-id',
+          EAS_SIMULATOR_NGROK_TUNNEL_DOMAIN: 'tunnel.example.com',
+          NGROK_AUTHTOKEN: 'ngrok-token',
+        },
+      } as never
+    );
+    await installEntered;
+    expect(
+      jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    ).toBeLessThan(jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]);
+    expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        iosSimulatorUdid: 'CHOSEN-IOS-UDID',
+        installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+        launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+        launchArgs: ['--literal'],
+        openUrl: 'example://home',
+      })
+    );
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const readyHost = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.results[0].value;
+    expect(readyHost.finishAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1].signal?.aborted).toBe(false);
+    releaseInstall({ stdout: '' });
+    await running;
+    expect(readyHost.finishAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      udid: 'CHOSEN-IOS-UDID',
+      env: expect.objectContaining({ DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_ID: 'device-run-session-id' }),
+    });
+    expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        runtimeIdentifier: 'com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-26-5',
+        appiumHome: jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].env.APPIUM_HOME,
+      })
+    );
+    expect(JSON.parse(jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].args.at(-1)!)).toEqual({
+      'appium:eventTimings': true,
+      'appium:usePreinstalledWDA': true,
+      'appium:prebuiltWDAPath': '/tmp/selected-wda.app',
+    });
+    expect(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(stopAppium).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('drains a failed Simulator startup installer before removing its Appium home', async () => {
+    const hostError = new Error('Simulator boot failed');
+    let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        failHost = reject;
+      })
+    );
+    let enteredInstall!: () => void;
+    const installEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      enteredInstall = resolve;
+    });
+    let closeInstaller!: (error: Error) => void;
+    const child = { pid: 12345, kill: jest.fn() };
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      enteredInstall();
+      return Object.assign(
+        new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          closeInstaller = reject;
+        }),
+        { child }
+      ) as never;
+    });
+    const killGroup = jest.spyOn(processes, 'killProcessGroup').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    const running = runSessionAsync(logger, undefined, BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+      boot_simulator: { value: true },
+      device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+    });
+    const settled = jest.fn();
+    const observed = running.then(settled, settled);
+    try {
+      await installEntered;
+      const home = jest.mocked(spawn).mock.calls[0][2]?.cwd as string;
+      const hostOptions = jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1];
+      hostOptions.onStartupError?.(hostError);
+      failHost(hostError);
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      expect(killGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(child, 'SIGKILL');
+      expect(settled).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(fs.existsSync(home)).toBe(true);
+      closeInstaller(new Error('installer interrupted'));
+      await expect(running).rejects.toBe(hostError);
+      expect(fs.existsSync(home)).toBe(false);
+      expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      closeInstaller?.(new Error('test cleanup'));
+      await observed;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('removes a completed Appium install when Simulator failure interrupts FFmpeg setup', async () => {
+    const hostError = new Error('Simulator startup failed');
+    let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        failHost = reject;
+      })
+    );
+    jest
+      .mocked(ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync)
+      .mockImplementationOnce(
+        ({ signal }) =>
+          new Promise(resolve => signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => resolve(), { once: true }))
+      );
+    let installed!: () => void;
+    const installationFinished = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      installed = resolve;
+    });
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation((async (_command: string, args: string[]) => {
+      if (args[0] === 'driver' && args[1] === 'install') {
+        installed();
+      }
+      return { stdout: args.includes('--json') ? '{}' : '' };
+    }) as never);
+    const running = runSessionAsync(logger, undefined, BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+      boot_simulator: { value: true },
+      device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+    });
+    await installationFinished;
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1].onStartupError?.(hostError);
+    failHost(hostError);
+    await expect(running).rejects.toBe(hostError);
+    const home = jest.mocked(spawn).mock.calls[0][2]?.cwd as string;
+    expect(fs.existsSync(home)).toBe(false);
+    expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('preserves an installer failure before a later host failure during home cleanup', async () => {
+    const installError = new Error('npm install failed');
+    const hostError = new Error('later Simulator failure');
+    let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        failHost = reject;
+      })
+    );
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockRejectedValueOnce(installError);
+    const remove = fs.promises.rm.bind(fs.promises);
+    let enteredCleanup!: () => void;
+    const cleanupEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      enteredCleanup = resolve;
+    });
+    let releaseCleanup!: () => void;
+    const cleanupGate = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      releaseCleanup = resolve;
+    });
+    jest.spyOn(fs.promises, 'rm').mockImplementationOnce(async (directory, options) => {
+      enteredCleanup();
+      await cleanupGate;
+      await remove(directory, options);
+    });
+    const running = runSessionAsync(logger, undefined, BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+      boot_simulator: { value: true },
+      device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+    });
+    const observed = running.catch(() => {});
+    try {
+      await cleanupEntered;
+      const options = jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1];
+      expect(options.signal?.reason).toBe(installError);
+      options.onStartupError?.(hostError);
+      failHost(hostError);
+      releaseCleanup();
+      await expect(running).rejects.toBe(installError);
+      expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      failHost(hostError);
+      releaseCleanup();
+      await observed;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it.each(['WDA download', 'Appium readiness'])(
+    'keeps the Simulator error when it interrupts %s',
+    async stage => {
+      stopAppium.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      const hostError = new Error('Simulator launch failed');
+      const laterError = new Error(`${stage} interrupted`);
+      let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+      jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockReturnValueOnce(
+        new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          failHost = reject;
+        })
+      );
+      let enteredStage!: () => void;
+      const stageEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        enteredStage = resolve;
+      });
+      let rejectStage!: (error: Error) => void;
+      let setupSignal: AbortSignal | undefined;
+      const waitForStage = (signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<never> => {
+        setupSignal = signal;
+        enteredStage();
+        return new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          rejectStage = reject;
+          signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(laterError), { once: true });
+        });
+      };
+      if (stage === 'WDA download') {
+        jest
+          .mocked(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync)
+          .mockImplementationOnce(({ signal }) => waitForStage(signal));
+      } else {
+        jest
+          .mocked(turtleFetch)
+          .mockImplementationOnce((_url, _method, options) =>
+            waitForStage(options?.signal ?? undefined)
+          );
+      }
+      const running = runSessionAsync(logger, undefined, BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, {
+        boot_simulator: { value: true },
+        device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+      });
+      const observed = running.catch(() => {});
+      try {
+        await stageEntered;
+        jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1].onStartupError?.(hostError);
+        failHost(hostError);
+        await Promise.resolve();
+        expect(setupSignal?.aborted).toBe(true);
+        await expect(running).rejects.toBe(hostError);
+        const home = jest.mocked(spawn).mock.calls[0][2]?.cwd as string;
+        expect(fs.existsSync(home)).toBe(false);
+        expect(startAppiumEventCollectionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      } finally {
+        rejectStage?.(laterError);
+        await observed;
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
   it('keeps the readiness error when Appium cannot be stopped', async () => {
     let now = Date.now();
     jest.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockImplementation(() => now);
@@ -307,10 +675,32 @@ describe('createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction session lifecycle', () =>
     expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('resets the idle timer on preview input from the session host', async () => {
+    const previewInputAt = new Date('2026-10-19T12:00:00Z');
+    const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+      {} as never,
+      {} as never
+    );
+    jest.mocked(host.getLastPreviewActivityAt).mockReturnValue(previewInputAt);
+
+    await expect(runSessionAsync({ info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() }, 5)).rejects.toBe(stopError);
+
+    const { idleTimeout } = jest.mocked(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(idleTimeout?.maxIdleTimeMinutes).toBe(5);
+    expect(idleTimeout?.getLastPreviewActivityAt?.()).toBe(previewInputAt);
+  });
+
   it('fails a finished session when Appium cannot be stopped', async () => {
     const logger = { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() };
 
     await expect(runSessionAsync(logger)).rejects.toBe(stopError);
+    expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ runtimeIdentifier: undefined })
+    );
+    expect(IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(JSON.parse(jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].args.at(-1)!)).toEqual({
+      'appium:eventTimings': true,
+    });
     expectAppiumStoppedAndHomeRemoved(logger);
     expect(stopEventCollection.mock.invocationCallOrder[0]).toBeLessThan(
       stopAppium.mock.invocationCallOrder[0]

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/startArgentRemoteSession-orchestration.test.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import path from 'node:path';
 import { createGlobalContextMock } from '../../../__tests__/utils/context';
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
+import { IosSimulatorUtils } from '../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
 import { startDeviceSessionHostAsync } from '../../utils/deviceSessionHost';
-import { isProcessDescendantOfAsync } from '../../../utils/processes';
+import { isProcessDescendantOfAsync, killProcessGroup } from '../../../utils/processes';
 import { pollArgentArtifactsForUploadAsync } from '../../utils/argentArtifacts';
 import { startArgentEventCollectionAsync } from '../../utils/argentEvents';
 import { createProcessOutput } from '../../utils/processOutput';
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import {
   waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync,
 } from '../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession';
 import { createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction } from '../startArgentRemoteSession';
+import { readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync } from '../../utils/iosAppArtifact';
 
 // Redirect ~/.argent (where the tool-server writes its state file and event log) to a temp
 // home so waitForArgentToolServerStateAsync — which lives in the module under test and cannot
@@ -38,13 +40,32 @@ jest.mock('node:os', () => {
 });
 jest.mock('@expo/turtle-spawn', () => ({ __esModule: true, default: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
-jest.mock('../../../utils/processes', () => ({ isProcessDescendantOfAsync: jest.fn() }));
+jest.mock('../../../utils/processes', () => ({
+  isProcessDescendantOfAsync: jest.fn(),
+  killProcessGroup: jest.fn(),
+}));
 jest.mock('../../utils/argentArtifacts', () => ({ pollArgentArtifactsForUploadAsync: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../../utils/argentEvents', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/argentEvents'),
   startArgentEventCollectionAsync: jest.fn(),
 }));
 jest.mock('../../utils/deviceSessionHost');
+jest.mock('../../utils/iosAppArtifact', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/iosAppArtifact'),
+  readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('dev.example.app'),
+}));
+jest.mock('../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils', () => ({
+  IosSimulatorUtils: {
+    resolveUdidAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('selected-ios-udid'),
+    getAvailableDevicesAsync: jest
+      .fn()
+      .mockResolvedValue([{ name: 'iPhone 17', udid: 'selected-ios-udid' }]),
+  },
+}));
+jest.mock('../../utils/localEgressGuard', () => ({
+  resolveLocalEgressServeSimBootEnvironmentAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+}));
+
 jest.mock('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession'),
   ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync: jest.fn(),
@@ -104,6 +125,7 @@ describe('createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction orchestration', () => {
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.tunnel.example.com',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: mockPreviewStopAsync,
     });
     jest.mocked(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
@@ -217,6 +239,7 @@ describe('createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction orchestration', () => {
       if (phase === 'preview') {
         jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockResolvedValueOnce({
           openPreviewAsync: jest.fn().mockRejectedValue(error),
+          getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
           finishAsync: mockPreviewStopAsync,
         });
       } else if (phase === 'config') {
@@ -507,6 +530,35 @@ describe('createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction orchestration', () => {
     expect(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it('resets the idle timer on preview input from the session host', async () => {
+    const previewInputAt = new Date('2026-10-19T12:00:00Z');
+    const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+      {} as never,
+      {} as never
+    );
+    jest.mocked(host.getLastPreviewActivityAt).mockReturnValue(previewInputAt);
+    const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+
+    await buildFunction.fn!(
+      {
+        logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+        global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX },
+      } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+      {
+        inputs: {
+          package_version: { value: undefined },
+          max_idle_time_minutes: { value: 5 },
+        },
+        outputs: {},
+        env: {},
+      } as never
+    );
+
+    const { idleTimeout } = jest.mocked(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(idleTimeout?.maxIdleTimeMinutes).toBe(5);
+    expect(idleTimeout?.getLastPreviewActivityAt?.()).toBe(previewInputAt);
+  });
+
   it('redacts startup credentials and registers the state token for later output', async () => {
     const token = 'tool/server "secret"';
     await fs.promises.writeFile(
@@ -592,6 +644,280 @@ describe('createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction orchestration', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('boots and prepares the downloaded app while Argent installation is pending, and closes the host if installation fails', async () => {
+    let rejectInstall!: (error: Error) => void;
+    let enteredInstall!: () => void;
+    const installEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      enteredInstall = resolve;
+    });
+    jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      enteredInstall();
+      return new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        rejectInstall = reject;
+      }) as never;
+    });
+    const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+    const running = buildFunction.fn!(
+      {
+        logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+        global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN },
+      } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+      {
+        inputs: {
+          package_version: { value: undefined },
+          max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+          device_identifier: { value: 'chosen-device' },
+          install_app_path: { value: '/tmp/App.app' },
+          launch_args: { value: ['--literal'] },
+        },
+        outputs: {},
+        env: {},
+      } as never
+    );
+    await installEntered;
+    expect(
+      jest.mocked(selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    ).toBeLessThan(jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.resolveUdidAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]);
+    expect(readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      artifactPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+      env: {},
+    });
+    expect(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        iosSimulatorUdid: 'SELECTED-IOS-UDID',
+        installAppPath: '/tmp/App.app',
+        launchAppIdentifier: 'dev.example.app',
+        launchArgs: ['--literal'],
+      })
+    );
+    const error = new Error('Argent install failed');
+    rejectInstall(error);
+    await expect(running).rejects.toBe(error);
+    expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each(['artifacts-list-endpoint', 'tool-server-event-log', 'video-watermark'])(
+    'stops and drains the pending %s command when the concurrent host fails',
+    async flag => {
+      const hostError = new Error('serve-sim startup failed');
+      const commandError = new Error('Argent command exited after cancellation');
+      let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+      let finishHostCleanup!: () => void;
+      jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementationOnce(
+        async (_ctx, options) =>
+          await new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+            failHost = error => {
+              options.onStartupError?.(error);
+              finishHostCleanup = () => reject(error);
+            };
+          })
+      );
+      let failCommand!: (error: Error) => void;
+      let commandStarted!: () => void;
+      const commandEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        commandStarted = resolve;
+      });
+      const child = { pid: 4242, kill: jest.fn() };
+      jest.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation((_command, args) => {
+        if (!args.includes(flag)) {
+          return Promise.resolve(undefined) as never;
+        }
+        const pending = new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          failCommand = reject;
+        });
+        commandStarted();
+        return Object.assign(pending, { child }) as never;
+      });
+      const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+      const running = Promise.resolve(
+        buildFunction.fn!(
+          {
+            logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+            global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN },
+          } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+          {
+            inputs: {
+              package_version: { value: undefined },
+              max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+              boot_simulator: { value: true },
+            },
+            outputs: {},
+            env: {},
+          } as never
+        )
+      );
+      let settled = false;
+      void running
+        .finally(() => {
+          settled = true;
+        })
+        .catch(() => {});
+      try {
+        await commandEntered;
+        failHost(hostError);
+        await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+        expect(killProcessGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(child, 'SIGKILL');
+        expect(settled).toBe(false);
+        expect(spawnDetached).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        failCommand(commandError);
+        await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+        expect(settled).toBe(false);
+        finishHostCleanup();
+        await expect(running).rejects.toBe(hostError);
+        expect(spawnDetached).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      } finally {
+        failCommand?.(commandError);
+        finishHostCleanup?.();
+        await running.catch(() => {});
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
+  it('interrupts tool-server state polling and retains the original host error', async () => {
+    await fs.promises.rm(path.join(ARGENT_STATE_DIR, 'tool-server-orchestration.json'));
+    const hostError = new Error('serve-sim startup failed');
+    let failHost!: (error: Error) => void;
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockImplementationOnce(
+      async () =>
+        await new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          failHost = reject;
+        })
+    );
+    let pollingStarted!: () => void;
+    const pollingEntered = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      pollingStarted = resolve;
+    });
+    const getExitError = jest.fn<Error | undefined, []>(() => {
+      pollingStarted();
+      return undefined;
+    });
+    const stopServer = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mockReturnValueOnce({
+      pid: 4242,
+      getOutput: () => 'later controller diagnostic',
+      getExitError,
+      stopAsync: stopServer,
+    });
+    const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+    const running = Promise.resolve(
+      buildFunction.fn!(
+        {
+          logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+          global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN },
+        } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+        {
+          inputs: {
+            package_version: { value: undefined },
+            max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+            boot_simulator: { value: true },
+          },
+          outputs: {},
+          env: {},
+        } as never
+      )
+    );
+    void running.catch(() => {});
+    try {
+      await pollingEntered;
+      failHost(hostError);
+      await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+      const options = jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mock.calls[0][1];
+      expect(options.signal?.aborted).toBe(true);
+      getExitError.mockReturnValue(new Error('later Argent exit'));
+      await expect(running).rejects.toBe(hostError);
+      expect(stopServer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(startArgentEventCollectionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      getExitError.mockReturnValue(new Error('stop pending state poll'));
+      await running.catch(() => {});
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('keeps Argent setup concurrent but waits for the iOS host before opening tools', async () => {
+    const host = await jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).getMockImplementation()!(
+      {} as CustomBuildContext,
+      {} as never
+    );
+    let releaseHost!: () => void;
+    jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise(resolve => {
+        releaseHost = () => resolve(host);
+      })
+    );
+    let stateReady!: () => void;
+    const stateRead = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      stateReady = resolve;
+    });
+    jest.mocked(isProcessDescendantOfAsync).mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
+      stateReady();
+      return true;
+    });
+    const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+    const running = Promise.resolve(
+      buildFunction.fn!(
+        {
+          logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+          global: { runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN },
+        } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+        {
+          inputs: {
+            package_version: { value: undefined },
+            max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+            boot_simulator: { value: true },
+          },
+          outputs: {},
+          env: {},
+        } as never
+      )
+    );
+    try {
+      await stateRead;
+      await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+      expect(spawnDetached).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(startArgentEventCollectionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(startNgrokTunnelAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      releaseHost();
+      await running;
+    }
+    expect(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockPreviewStopAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each([BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, BuildRuntimePlatform.LINUX])(
+    'keeps %s prepared setup commands outside the new cancellation path',
+    async runtimePlatform => {
+      const buildFunction = createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction({} as CustomBuildContext);
+      await buildFunction.fn!(
+        {
+          logger: { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() },
+          global: { runtimePlatform },
+        } as unknown as BuildStepContext,
+        {
+          inputs: {
+            package_version: { value: undefined },
+            max_idle_time_minutes: { value: undefined },
+          },
+          outputs: {},
+          env: {},
+        } as never
+      );
+      expect(spawn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+      for (const [, , options] of jest.mocked(spawn).mock.calls) {
+        expect(options).not.toHaveProperty('detached');
+        expect(options).not.toHaveProperty('signal');
+      }
+      expect(killProcessGroup).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    }
+  );
+
   it('fails before starting anything when a launch is asked for on Android', async () => {
     const ctx = {} as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
     const logger = { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() };

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/startWebPreviewRemoteSession.test.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ describe(createStartWebPreviewRemoteSessionBuildFunction, () => {
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.example.test',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: stopAsync,
     });
     jest.mocked(uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ describe(createStartWebPreviewRemoteSessionBuildFunction, () => {
         previewToken: 'tok-1',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: stopAsync,
     });
 
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ describe(createStartWebPreviewRemoteSessionBuildFunction, () => {
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.example.test',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: stopAsync,
     });
 
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ describe(createStartWebPreviewRemoteSessionBuildFunction, () => {
         apiUrl: 'https://web-preview.example.test',
         closeAsync: jest.fn(),
       }),
+      getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
       finishAsync: stopAsync,
     });
     await runAsync(BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN, { public_preview: { value: false } });
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@ describe(createStartWebPreviewRemoteSessionBuildFunction, () => {
     if (phase === 'preview') {
       jest.mocked(startDeviceSessionHostAsync).mockResolvedValueOnce({
         openPreviewAsync: jest.fn().mockRejectedValue(error),
+        getLastPreviewActivityAt: jest.fn(),
         finishAsync: stopAsync,
       });
     } else if (phase === 'config') {

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/__tests__/uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordings.test.ts

@@ -140,9 +140,12 @@ describe(createUploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsBuildFunction, () => {
 
       await buildStep.executeAsync();
 
-      const names = jest
+      const uploads = jest
         .mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync)
-        .mock.calls.map(([, options]) => options.name);
+        .mock.calls.map(([, options]) => options);
+      const names = uploads
+        .filter(options => options.kind === 'screen-recording')
+        .map(options => options.name);
       expect(names).toEqual(
         expect.arrayContaining([
           'iPhone 16 screen recording (01234567-…, started at Jul 10, 2026, 10:00:00.000 UTC)',
@@ -151,6 +154,12 @@ describe(createUploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsBuildFunction, () => {
         ])
       );
       expect(new Set(names).size).toBe(3);
+      const metadata = uploads.filter(options => options.kind === 'screen-recording-metadata');
+      expect(metadata.map(options => options.name)).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining(names.map(name => `${name} metadata`))
+      );
+      expect(metadata).toHaveLength(3);
+      expect(uploads).toHaveLength(6);
     } finally {
       await Promise.all(
         recordingDirectories.map(directory => fs.rm(directory, { recursive: true, force: true }))

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/launchApplication.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { UserError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+import { UserError, quoteAndroidShellCommand } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import {
   BuildFunction,
@@ -106,24 +106,40 @@ export async function launchApplicationAsync({
   logApplicationLaunch(logger, applicationIdentifier, launchArgs);
   // Android does not support process arguments like iOS. Pass raw `am start` Intent
   // arguments instead, such as `--es key value` or `--ez key true`.
-  await spawn(
-    'adb',
-    ['shell', 'am', 'start', ...launchArgs, '-n', `${applicationIdentifier}/${activityName}`],
-    {
-      env,
-      logger,
+  try {
+    await spawnAndroidShellCommandAsync(
+      ['am', 'start', ...launchArgs, '-n', `${applicationIdentifier}/${activityName}`],
+      { env, logger }
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    // An empty argument that is not an option value reaches `am start` as an empty package, and
+    // `am start` then fails to resolve the Intent without saying why.
+    const emptyArgumentIndex = launchArgs.indexOf('');
+    if (emptyArgumentIndex === -1 || err instanceof UserError) {
+      throw err;
     }
-  );
+    throw new UserError(
+      'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_FAILED',
+      `Launching ${applicationIdentifier} failed. Input "launch_args" has an empty argument at position ${emptyArgumentIndex + 1}, which Android passes to "am start" as an empty argument. Remove it unless it is an option value, such as "--es", "key", "".`,
+      { cause: err }
+    );
+  }
   if (openUrl) {
     logger.info(`Opening ${openUrl} in ${applicationIdentifier}.`);
-    await spawn(
-      'adb',
-      ['shell', 'am', 'start', '-a', 'android.intent.action.VIEW', '-d', openUrl],
+    await spawnAndroidShellCommandAsync(
+      ['am', 'start', '-a', 'android.intent.action.VIEW', '-d', openUrl],
       { env, logger }
     );
   }
 }
 
+async function spawnAndroidShellCommandAsync(
+  command: string[],
+  { env, logger }: { env: BuildStepEnv; logger: bunyan }
+): Promise<void> {
+  await spawn('adb', ['shell', ...quoteAndroidShellCommand(command)], { env, logger });
+}
+
 async function preapproveIosUrlSchemeAsync({
   applicationIdentifier,
   openUrl,

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/startAgentDeviceRemoteSession.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
-import { type BuildRuntimePlatform, type BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
+import { BuildRuntimePlatform, type BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
 import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
 import { pollAgentDeviceArtifactsForUploadAsync } from '../utils/agentDeviceArtifacts';
 import { type parseNetworkCaptureInputs } from '../utils/networkCaptureFields';
 import { startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync } from '../utils/agentDeviceEvents';
+import { type ServeSimApplicationOptions } from '../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession';
 import { type StartupTasks } from '../utils/startupTasks';
 import {
   type DetachedProcessHandle,
@@ -76,13 +77,9 @@ export function getAgentDeviceRemoteSessionEnvOrThrow(
  * Starts the agent-device daemon, its tunnel, the session host and the web preview,
  * reports the session as ready, and keeps it alive until it stops.
  *
- * The daemon does not need the device, so it starts at once. The session host starts
- * when `device.booted` resolves. The session is reported as ready only when both are
- * up and `device.ready` (the app is installed and launched) resolved too.
- *
- * The first failure aborts `tasks.signal`: each part stops before its next stage, and
- * the teardown then stops whatever was started. `device.ready` must settle soon after
- * an abort, because the teardown waits for it.
+ * Serve-sim boots while the iOS download runs. After device preparation verifies
+ * any egress guard, its control API installs and launches the app.
+ * Startup failures abort the other tasks; teardown drains them before stopping acquired resources.
  */
 export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
   ctx: CustomBuildContext,
@@ -117,9 +114,21 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
     frameAncestors?: string[];
     corsOrigins?: string[];
     tasks: StartupTasks;
-    device: { booted: Promise<unknown>; ready: Promise<unknown> };
+    device:
+      | {
+          booted: Promise<unknown>;
+          ready: Promise<unknown>;
+        }
+      | {
+          iosSimulatorUdid: string;
+          bootEnv?: Record<string, string>;
+          application?: Promise<ServeSimApplicationOptions | void>;
+        };
   }
 ): Promise<void> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
+  tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+
   logger.info(
     `Starting agent-device remote session (version: ${packageVersion ?? 'latest'}, runtime: ${runtimePlatform}).`
   );
@@ -130,6 +139,8 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
   let eventCollection: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync>> | undefined;
   let sessionFailed = false;
   const daemonSecrets = [ngrokAuthtoken];
+  const hostBootedDevice = 'iosSimulatorUdid' in device ? device : undefined;
+  const externallyBootedDevice = 'booted' in device ? device : undefined;
 
   // Each task stores what it started, so the teardown below can stop it even when
   // another task failed first.
@@ -158,12 +169,14 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
       authtoken: ngrokAuthtoken,
       logger: taskLogger,
     });
+    tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     taskLogger.info(`Tunnel is ready at ${agentDeviceTunnel.url}.`);
     return { ...daemonInfo, remoteSessionUrl: agentDeviceTunnel.url };
   });
   const sessionHostStartup = tasks.run('session host', async taskLogger => {
-    // A boot cannot be cancelled, so stop waiting for it when startup is aborted.
-    await tasks.untilAborted(device.booted);
+    if (externallyBootedDevice) {
+      await tasks.untilAborted(externallyBootedDevice.booted);
+    }
     tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     sessionHost = await startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
       separateLogPhase: true,
@@ -175,14 +188,20 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
       privatePreviewUrl,
       frameAncestors,
       corsOrigins,
+      signal: tasks.signal,
+      onStartupError: tasks.abort,
       networkCapture: capture.networkCapture,
       networkCaptureFields: capture.networkCaptureFields,
+      iosSimulatorUdid: hostBootedDevice?.iosSimulatorUdid,
+      bootEnv: hostBootedDevice?.bootEnv,
+      application: hostBootedDevice?.application,
     });
     tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     const webPreview = await sessionHost.openPreviewAsync({
       baseDomain: ngrokTunnelDomain,
       authtoken: ngrokAuthtoken,
     });
+    tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     taskLogger.info(
       webPreview.sharePageUrl
         ? `Web preview URL: ${webPreview.sharePageUrl} (server: ${webPreview.apiUrl}).`
@@ -190,18 +209,20 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
     );
     return webPreview;
   });
+  const deviceReady = externallyBootedDevice?.ready;
 
   try {
     const [
       { port: daemonPort, token: daemonToken, remoteSessionUrl: agentDeviceRemoteSessionUrl },
       webPreview,
-    ] = await Promise.all([agentDeviceStartup, sessionHostStartup, device.ready]).catch(
+    ] = await Promise.all([agentDeviceStartup, sessionHostStartup, deviceReady]).catch(
       (err: unknown) => {
         // Also aborts for a `device.ready` that does not come from `tasks.run`.
         tasks.abort(err);
-        throw err;
+        throw tasks.signal.reason;
       }
     );
+    tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     logger.info(tasks.summary());
 
     await uploadRemoteSessionConfigWithLocalEgressAsync({
@@ -218,6 +239,7 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
       },
       logger,
     });
+    tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
     void pollAgentDeviceArtifactsForUploadAsync(ctx, {
       deviceRunSessionId,
       daemonUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:${daemonPort}`,
@@ -243,6 +265,7 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
           ? {
               maxIdleTimeMinutes,
               getLastEventObservedAt: eventCollection.getLastEventObservedAt,
+              getLastPreviewActivityAt: () => sessionHost?.getLastPreviewActivityAt(),
             }
           : undefined,
     });
@@ -253,7 +276,7 @@ export async function runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(
     // Promise.all rejects on the first failure while other tasks can still be starting.
     // They stop at their next abort check. Wait for all of them, so the teardown sees
     // everything that was started.
-    await Promise.allSettled([agentDeviceStartup, sessionHostStartup, device.ready]);
+    await Promise.allSettled([agentDeviceStartup, sessionHostStartup, deviceReady]);
     const startedDaemon = daemonProcess;
     await finishRemoteSessionAsync({
       logger,
@@ -297,6 +320,7 @@ export async function startAgentDeviceDaemonAsync({
   signal?: AbortSignal;
   secrets?: string[];
 }): Promise<DetachedProcessHandle> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   const packageSpec = createAgentDevicePackageSpec(packageVersion);
   const packageManager = resolveConfiguredPackageManager(env, PackageManager.BUN);
   const installDir = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'eas-agent-device-'));
@@ -306,6 +330,7 @@ export async function startAgentDeviceDaemonAsync({
   );
 
   try {
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     const add = resolvePackageAdd(packageManager, packageSpec);
     logger.info(`Installing ${packageSpec} with ${add.command}.`);
     await spawn(add.command, add.args, { cwd: installDir, env, logger, signal });

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/startAgentDeviceSession.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { UserError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+import { UserError, validateAndroidLaunchOptions } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import {
   BuildFunction,
   BuildRuntimePlatform,
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import {
   AndroidEmulatorUtils,
   AndroidVirtualDeviceName,
 } from '../../utils/AndroidEmulatorUtils';
-import { IosSimulatorName, IosSimulatorUuid } from '../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
 import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from '../utils/deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 import { withLocalEgressSession } from '../utils/localEgressSession';
 import {
@@ -33,6 +32,10 @@ import {
   parseNetworkCaptureInputs,
 } from '../utils/networkCaptureFields';
 import { createStartupTasks } from '../utils/startupTasks';
+import {
+  type ServeSimApplicationOptions,
+  validateServeSimLaunchOptions,
+} from '../utils/remoteDeviceRunSession';
 
 import { downloadBuildAsync } from './downloadBuild';
 import { installBuildAsync } from './installBuild';
@@ -46,26 +49,15 @@ import {
   runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync,
 } from './startAgentDeviceRemoteSession';
 import { startAndroidEmulatorAsync } from './startAndroidEmulator';
-import { bootIosSimulatorAsync } from './startIosSimulator';
+import { resolveIosSessionStartupAsync } from '../utils/iosSimulatorSession';
+import { readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync } from '../utils/iosAppArtifact';
 
 const ANDROID_DEVICE_NAME = 'EasAndroidDevice01' as AndroidVirtualDeviceName;
 
 /**
- * One step for a whole agent-device session: boot the device, download, install and
- * launch the app, and start the agent-device daemon and the web preview.
- *
- * It does the work of eas/start_ios_simulator or eas/start_android_emulator,
- * eas/download_build, eas/install_build and eas/launch_application, plus the agent-device
- * session, so the parts that do not depend on each other can run at the same time:
- *
- *   boot ─────────────┬─► install ─► launch ─┐
- *   download ─────────┘                      │
- *   boot ─► session host ─► web preview ─────┼─► ready
- *   agent-device daemon ─► tunnel ───────────┘
- *
- * The first failure aborts the rest: the download stops, and nothing installs, launches
- * or starts after it. A boot cannot be cancelled, so it can still run when a failed
- * step returns.
+ * Starts a device session, downloading the app alongside daemon startup.
+ * On iOS, serve-sim boots the selected Simulator, then installs and launches
+ * the downloaded app. Build-tools verifies any egress guard before install and launch.
  */
 export function createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction(ctx: CustomBuildContext): BuildFunction {
   return new BuildFunction({
@@ -170,6 +162,11 @@ export function createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction(ctx: CustomBuildConte
           'launch_args and open_url need an application: pass build_id or application_archive_url.'
         );
       }
+      if (isIos) {
+        validateServeSimLaunchOptions({ launchArgs, openUrl });
+      } else {
+        validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ launchArgs, openUrl });
+      }
       const deviceIdentifier = inputs.device_identifier.value as string | undefined;
       const capture = parseNetworkCaptureInputs(
         {
@@ -179,109 +176,137 @@ export function createStartAgentDeviceSessionBuildFunction(ctx: CustomBuildConte
         { runtimePlatform }
       );
 
-      if (isIos) {
-        // Before the boot, so every Xcode tool below uses the same developer directory.
-        await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
-      }
+      const tasks = createStartupTasks(logger, signal);
+      let downloaded: Promise<string> | undefined;
+      let applicationReady: Promise<ServeSimApplicationOptions | void> | undefined;
 
-      const tasks = createStartupTasks(logger);
-
-      const booted = tasks.run(
-        isIos ? 'iOS Simulator boot' : 'Android Emulator boot',
-        async taskLogger => {
-          if (isIos) {
-            await bootIosSimulatorAsync({
-              deviceIdentifier: deviceIdentifier as IosSimulatorUuid | IosSimulatorName | undefined,
-              env,
-              logger: taskLogger,
-            });
-            return;
-          }
-          await startAndroidEmulatorAsync({
-            deviceName: ANDROID_DEVICE_NAME,
-            systemImagePackage: `${inputs.system_image_package.value}`,
-            deviceIdentifier: deviceIdentifier as AndroidDeviceName | undefined,
-            lcdWidth: inputs.lcd_width.value as number | undefined,
-            lcdHeight: inputs.lcd_height.value as number | undefined,
-            lcdDensity: inputs.lcd_density.value as number | undefined,
-            logcatDirectory: await fs.promises.mkdtemp(
-              path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'eas-android-emulator-logcat-')
-            ),
-            env,
-            logger: taskLogger,
-          });
+      try {
+        if (isIos) {
+          // Select Xcode before serve-sim boots the device or any Simulator tools run.
+          await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
         }
-      );
-
-      const downloaded = hasApplication
-        ? tasks.run('build download', async taskLogger => {
-            const { artifactPath } = await downloadBuildAsync({
-              logger: taskLogger,
-              ...(buildId ? { buildId } : { applicationArchiveUrl: applicationArchiveUrl! }),
-              graphqlClient: ctx.graphqlClient,
-              deviceRunSessionWorkerApi: buildId ? getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx) : null,
-              robotAccessToken: global.staticContext.job.secrets?.robotAccessToken ?? null,
-              extensions: isIos ? ['app'] : ['apk'],
+        tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+        const { iosStartup } = isIos
+          ? await resolveIosSessionStartupAsync({
+              runtimePlatform,
+              bootSimulator: true,
+              deviceIdentifier,
+              env,
+              logger,
               signal: tasks.signal,
-            });
-            return artifactPath;
-          })
-        : undefined;
+            })
+          : {};
+        const iosSimulatorUdid = iosStartup?.iosSimulatorUdid;
+        if (iosSimulatorUdid) {
+          logger.info(`Selected iOS Simulator: ${iosSimulatorUdid}.`);
+        }
 
-      // `ready` settles only after everything it started has settled, so the session
-      // teardown, which waits for it, never leaves a download running. It must also settle
-      // soon after an abort: it stops waiting for the boot then, and the download stops.
-      const ready = downloaded
-        ? tasks.run('app install and launch', async taskLogger => {
-            const [download, boot] = await Promise.allSettled([
-              downloaded,
-              tasks.untilAborted(booted),
-            ]);
-            // After a failure elsewhere, report that failure, not the abort it caused here.
-            tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
-            if (download.status === 'rejected') {
-              throw download.reason;
-            }
-            if (boot.status === 'rejected') {
-              throw boot.reason;
-            }
-            const { applicationIdentifier, activityName } = await installBuildAsync({
-              artifactPath: download.value,
-              runtimePlatform,
-              env,
-              logger: taskLogger,
+        const booted = iosSimulatorUdid
+          ? undefined
+          : tasks.run('Android Emulator boot', async taskLogger => {
+              const logcatDirectory = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(
+                path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'eas-android-emulator-logcat-')
+              );
+              tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+              await startAndroidEmulatorAsync({
+                deviceName: ANDROID_DEVICE_NAME,
+                systemImagePackage: `${inputs.system_image_package.value}`,
+                deviceIdentifier: deviceIdentifier as AndroidDeviceName | undefined,
+                lcdWidth: inputs.lcd_width.value as number | undefined,
+                lcdHeight: inputs.lcd_height.value as number | undefined,
+                lcdDensity: inputs.lcd_density.value as number | undefined,
+                logcatDirectory,
+                env,
+                logger: taskLogger,
+              });
             });
-            tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
-            await launchApplicationAsync({
-              applicationIdentifier,
-              activityName,
-              launchArgs,
-              openUrl,
-              runtimePlatform,
-              env,
-              logger: taskLogger,
-            });
-          })
-        : tasks.untilAborted(booted);
 
-      await runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(ctx, {
-        env,
-        logger,
-        signal,
-        runtimePlatform,
-        sessionEnv,
-        packageVersion: inputs.package_version.value as string | undefined,
-        // A missing or non-positive value disables the idle timeout (opt-in feature).
-        maxIdleTimeMinutes: inputs.max_idle_time_minutes.value as number | undefined,
-        maxDurationSeconds: inputs.max_duration_seconds.value as number | undefined,
-        capture,
-        disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
-        privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
-        frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
-        corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
-        tasks,
-        device: { booted, ready },
-      });
+        downloaded = hasApplication
+          ? tasks.run('build download', async taskLogger => {
+              const { artifactPath } = await downloadBuildAsync({
+                logger: taskLogger,
+                ...(buildId ? { buildId } : { applicationArchiveUrl: applicationArchiveUrl! }),
+                graphqlClient: ctx.graphqlClient,
+                deviceRunSessionWorkerApi: buildId ? getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx) : null,
+                robotAccessToken: global.staticContext.job.secrets?.robotAccessToken ?? null,
+                extensions: isIos ? ['app'] : ['apk'],
+                signal: tasks.signal,
+              });
+              return artifactPath;
+            })
+          : undefined;
+
+        const download = downloaded;
+        applicationReady = download
+          ? tasks.run(isIos ? 'app preparation' : 'app install and launch', async taskLogger => {
+              if (booted) {
+                await tasks.untilAborted(booted);
+              }
+              const artifactPath = await download;
+              tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+              if (isIos) {
+                const applicationIdentifier = await readIosApplicationIdentifierAsync({
+                  artifactPath,
+                  env,
+                });
+                tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                return {
+                  installAppPath: artifactPath,
+                  launchAppIdentifier: applicationIdentifier,
+                  launchArgs,
+                  openUrl,
+                };
+              }
+              const { applicationIdentifier, activityName } = await installBuildAsync({
+                artifactPath,
+                runtimePlatform,
+                env,
+                logger: taskLogger,
+              });
+              tasks.signal.throwIfAborted();
+              await launchApplicationAsync({
+                applicationIdentifier,
+                activityName,
+                launchArgs,
+                openUrl,
+                runtimePlatform,
+                env,
+                logger: taskLogger,
+              });
+            })
+          : undefined;
+
+        await runAgentDeviceRemoteSessionAsync(ctx, {
+          env,
+          logger,
+          signal,
+          runtimePlatform,
+          sessionEnv,
+          packageVersion: inputs.package_version.value as string | undefined,
+          // A missing or non-positive value disables the idle timeout (opt-in feature).
+          maxIdleTimeMinutes: inputs.max_idle_time_minutes.value as number | undefined,
+          maxDurationSeconds: inputs.max_duration_seconds.value as number | undefined,
+          capture,
+          disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
+          privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
+          frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
+          corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
+          tasks,
+          device: iosSimulatorUdid
+            ? {
+                ...iosStartup,
+                iosSimulatorUdid,
+                application: applicationReady,
+              }
+            : {
+                booted: booted!,
+                ready: applicationReady ?? tasks.untilAborted(booted!),
+              },
+        });
+      } finally {
+        tasks.abort(new Error('Agent-device session ended.'));
+        await Promise.allSettled([downloaded, applicationReady]);
+      }
     }),
   });
 }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/startAppiumRemoteSession.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
-import { asyncResult } from '@expo/results';
+import { type Result, asyncResult } from '@expo/results';
 import {
   BuildFunction,
   BuildRuntimePlatform,
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ import {
   BuildStepInput,
   BuildStepInputValueTypeName,
 } from '@expo/steps';
-import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
+import spawn, { type SpawnOptions, type SpawnResult } from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
+import { setTimeout as setTimeoutAsync } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import semver from 'semver';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -21,17 +22,19 @@ import {
   withLocalEgressSession,
 } from '../utils/localEgressSession';
 import { type DeviceSessionHost, startDeviceSessionHostAsync } from '../utils/deviceSessionHost';
+import { resolveIosSessionStartupAsync } from '../utils/iosSimulatorSession';
 import {
   createNetworkCaptureInputProviders,
   parseNetworkCaptureInputs,
 } from '../utils/networkCaptureFields';
 import { AndroidEmulatorUtils } from '../../utils/AndroidEmulatorUtils';
-import { IosSimulatorUtils } from '../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
+import { IosSimulatorUtils, type IosSimulatorUuid } from '../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
 import {
   PackageManager,
   resolveConfiguredPackageManager,
   resolvePackageAdd,
 } from '../../utils/packageManager';
+import { killProcessGroup } from '../../utils/processes';
 import { sleepAsync } from '../../utils/retry';
 import { turtleFetch } from '../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { startAppiumEventCollectionAsync } from '../utils/appiumEvents';
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ import { preparePreinstalledWdaAsync } from '../utils/preinstalledWda';
 import {
   createCorsOriginsInputProvider,
   createFrameAncestorsInputProvider,
+  createIosSessionStartupInputProviders,
   createPrivatePreviewUrlInputProvider,
   createPublicPreviewInputProvider,
   createServeSimLaunchInputProviders,
@@ -51,7 +55,6 @@ import {
   omitNgrokAuthtoken,
   parseCorsOriginsInput,
   parseFrameAncestorsInput,
-  parseServeSimLaunchInputs,
   selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync,
   spawnDetached,
   startNgrokTunnelAsync,
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
     __metricsId: 'eas/start_appium_remote_session',
     inputProviders: [
       ...createServeSimLaunchInputProviders(),
+      ...createIosSessionStartupInputProviders(),
       ...createNetworkCaptureInputProviders(),
       createPublicPreviewInputProvider(),
       createPrivatePreviewUrlInputProvider(),
@@ -102,14 +106,21 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
       const packageVersion = inputs.package_version.value as string | undefined;
       const maxIdleTimeMinutes = inputs.max_idle_time_minutes.value as number | undefined;
       const { runtimePlatform } = global;
-      const launch = parseServeSimLaunchInputs(
-        {
-          launchAppIdentifier: inputs.launch_app_identifier?.value,
-          launchArgs: inputs.launch_args?.value,
-          openUrl: inputs.open_url?.value,
-        },
-        { runtimePlatform }
-      );
+      if (runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN) {
+        await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
+      }
+      const { launch, iosStartup } = await resolveIosSessionStartupAsync({
+        runtimePlatform,
+        bootSimulator: inputs.boot_simulator?.value as boolean | undefined,
+        deviceIdentifier: inputs.device_identifier?.value as string | undefined,
+        installAppPath: inputs.install_app_path?.value as string | undefined,
+        launchAppIdentifier: inputs.launch_app_identifier?.value,
+        launchArgs: inputs.launch_args?.value,
+        openUrl: inputs.open_url?.value,
+        env,
+        logger,
+        signal,
+      });
       const { networkCapture, networkCaptureFields } = parseNetworkCaptureInputs(
         {
           networkCapture: inputs.network_capture?.value,
@@ -122,54 +133,125 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
       logger.info(
         `Starting Appium remote session (version: ${versionSpec}, runtime: ${runtimePlatform}).`
       );
-      const device = await resolveAppiumDeviceAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger });
-      // Appium's startRecordingScreen runs ffmpeg on this host: XCUITest encodes the
-      // simulator stream with it, and UiAutomator2 merges long recordings with it. The
-      // macOS session image does not ship ffmpeg, so install it concurrently with Appium.
-      // Both installs settle before the step continues or fails, so no install outlives it.
-      const [appiumInstall] = await Promise.all([
-        asyncResult(
-          installAppiumAsync({ versionSpec, driverName: device.driverName, env, logger })
-        ),
-        ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger }),
-      ]);
-      const { appiumHome, appiumBinPath, appiumEnv } = appiumInstall.enforceValue();
-      const wdaCapabilities = await preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({
-        runtimeIdentifier: device.runtimeIdentifier,
-        appiumHome,
-        appiumBinPath,
-        appiumEnv,
-        logger,
-      });
-
-      const appiumProcess = spawnDetached({
-        command: appiumBinPath,
-        args: [
-          '--address',
-          APPIUM_HOST,
-          '--port',
-          String(APPIUM_PORT),
-          '--base-path',
-          '/',
-          '--log-level',
-          'error',
-          // Appium 3 gates session listing (GET /appium/sessions) behind the
-          // session_discovery insecure feature. We rely on it to poll for
-          // Appium Event Timings, so enable it for all drivers.
-          '--allow-insecure',
-          '*:session_discovery',
-          '--default-capabilities',
-          JSON.stringify({ 'appium:eventTimings': true, ...wdaCapabilities }),
-        ],
-        env: appiumEnv,
-        logger,
-      });
+      const device: AppiumDevice = iosStartup
+        ? {
+            platformName: 'iOS',
+            automationName: 'XCUITest',
+            driverName: 'xcuitest',
+            udid: iosStartup.iosSimulatorUdid,
+          }
+        : await resolveAppiumDeviceAsync({ runtimePlatform, env });
+      const startupAbortController = new AbortController();
+      const startupSignal = signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, startupAbortController.signal])
+        : startupAbortController.signal;
+      const setupSignal = iosStartup ? startupSignal : undefined;
+      let hostStartup: Promise<Result<DeviceSessionHost>> | undefined;
+      let sessionHost: DeviceSessionHost | undefined;
+      let appiumProcess: ReturnType<typeof spawnDetached> | undefined;
+      let appiumHome: string | undefined;
       let eventCollection: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startAppiumEventCollectionAsync>> | undefined;
       let appiumTunnel: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startNgrokTunnelAsync>> | undefined;
-      let sessionHost: DeviceSessionHost | undefined;
       let sessionFailed = false;
+      const startHost = () =>
+        startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
+          ...iosStartup,
+          separateLogPhase: true,
+          runtimePlatform,
+          env,
+          logger,
+          timeoutMs: APPIUM_STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS,
+          disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
+          privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
+          frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
+          corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
+          signal: startupSignal,
+          onStartupError: iosStartup ? error => startupAbortController.abort(error) : undefined,
+          ...launch,
+          networkCapture,
+          networkCaptureFields,
+        }).catch(error => {
+          if (iosStartup) {
+            startupAbortController.abort(error);
+          }
+          throw error;
+        });
       try {
-        await waitForAppiumReadyAsync({ appiumProcess, logger });
+        if (iosStartup) {
+          hostStartup = asyncResult(startHost());
+        }
+        // Appium's startRecordingScreen runs ffmpeg on this host: XCUITest encodes the
+        // simulator stream with it, and UiAutomator2 merges long recordings with it. The
+        // macOS session image does not ship ffmpeg, so install it concurrently with Appium.
+        // Both owned installs settle before proceeding; a shared FFmpeg install keeps its owner.
+        const [appiumInstall] = await Promise.all([
+          asyncResult(
+            installAppiumAsync({
+              versionSpec,
+              driverName: device.driverName,
+              env,
+              logger,
+              signal: setupSignal,
+              onError: iosStartup ? error => startupAbortController.abort(error) : undefined,
+            }).catch(error => {
+              if (iosStartup) {
+                startupAbortController.abort(error);
+              }
+              throw error;
+            })
+          ),
+          asyncResult(
+            ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger, signal: setupSignal })
+          ),
+        ]);
+        const installation = appiumInstall.enforceValue();
+        appiumHome = installation.appiumHome;
+        setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const { appiumBinPath, appiumEnv } = installation;
+        const wdaCapabilities = await preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({
+          runtimeIdentifier: iosStartup
+            ? (
+                await IosSimulatorUtils.getDeviceAsync({
+                  udid: iosStartup.iosSimulatorUdid as IosSimulatorUuid,
+                  env,
+                })
+              )?.runtime
+            : device.runtimeIdentifier,
+          appiumHome,
+          appiumBinPath,
+          appiumEnv,
+          logger,
+          signal: setupSignal,
+        });
+
+        setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
+        appiumProcess = spawnDetached({
+          command: appiumBinPath,
+          args: [
+            '--address',
+            APPIUM_HOST,
+            '--port',
+            String(APPIUM_PORT),
+            '--base-path',
+            '/',
+            '--log-level',
+            'error',
+            // Appium 3 gates session listing (GET /appium/sessions) behind the
+            // session_discovery insecure feature. We rely on it to poll for
+            // Appium Event Timings, so enable it for all drivers.
+            '--allow-insecure',
+            '*:session_discovery',
+            '--default-capabilities',
+            JSON.stringify({ 'appium:eventTimings': true, ...wdaCapabilities }),
+          ],
+          env: appiumEnv,
+          logger,
+        });
+        await waitForAppiumReadyAsync({ appiumProcess, logger, signal: setupSignal });
+        if (hostStartup) {
+          sessionHost = (await hostStartup).enforceValue();
+        }
+        setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
         eventCollection = await startAppiumEventCollectionAsync({
           ctx,
           deviceRunSessionId,
@@ -190,22 +272,7 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
         if (launchDescription) {
           logger.info(launchDescription);
         }
-        sessionHost = await startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
-          separateLogPhase: true,
-          runtimePlatform,
-          env,
-          logger,
-          timeoutMs: APPIUM_STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS,
-          disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
-          privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
-          frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
-          corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
-          launchAppIdentifier: launch.launchAppIdentifier,
-          launchArgs: launch.launchArgs,
-          openUrl: launch.openUrl,
-          networkCapture,
-          networkCaptureFields,
-        });
+        sessionHost ??= (await (hostStartup ??= asyncResult(startHost()))).enforceValue();
         const webPreview = await sessionHost.openPreviewAsync({
           baseDomain: ngrokTunnelDomain,
           authtoken: ngrokAuthtoken,
@@ -240,13 +307,15 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
               ? {
                   maxIdleTimeMinutes,
                   getLastEventObservedAt: eventCollection.getLastEventObservedAt,
+                  getLastPreviewActivityAt: () => sessionHost?.getLastPreviewActivityAt(),
                 }
               : undefined,
         });
       } catch (error) {
         sessionFailed = true;
-        throw error;
+        throw setupSignal?.aborted ? setupSignal.reason : error;
       } finally {
+        startupAbortController.abort(new Error('Appium session ended.'));
         await finishRemoteSessionAsync({
           logger,
           sessionFailed,
@@ -259,14 +328,16 @@ export function createStartAppiumRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
                   await eventCollection?.stopAsync();
                 } finally {
                   try {
-                    await appiumProcess.stopAsync();
+                    await appiumProcess?.stopAsync();
                   } finally {
-                    await fs.promises.rm(appiumHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+                    if (appiumHome) {
+                      await fs.promises.rm(appiumHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+                    }
                   }
                 }
               })(),
             ],
-            ['session host', sessionHost?.finishAsync()],
+            ['session host', hostStartup?.then(result => result.value?.finishAsync())],
           ],
         });
       }
@@ -296,15 +367,12 @@ export type AppiumDevice = {
 export async function resolveAppiumDeviceAsync({
   runtimePlatform,
   env,
-  logger,
 }: {
   runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform;
   env: BuildStepEnv;
-  logger: bunyan;
 }): Promise<AppiumDevice> {
   switch (runtimePlatform) {
     case BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN: {
-      await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
       const [bootedDevice] = await IosSimulatorUtils.getAvailableDevicesAsync({
         env,
         filter: 'booted',
@@ -341,65 +409,135 @@ export async function installAppiumAsync({
   driverName,
   env,
   logger,
+  signal,
+  onError,
 }: {
   versionSpec: string;
   driverName: AppiumDevice['driverName'];
   env: BuildStepEnv;
   logger: bunyan;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
+  onError?: (error: unknown) => void;
 }): Promise<{ appiumHome: string; appiumBinPath: string; appiumEnv: BuildStepEnv }> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   const appiumHome = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'eas-appium-home-'));
-  await fs.promises.writeFile(
-    path.join(appiumHome, 'package.json'),
-    `${JSON.stringify({ name: 'eas-appium-home', private: true })}\n`
-  );
-  const appiumEnv: BuildStepEnv = { ...env, APPIUM_HOME: appiumHome };
-  const appiumBinPath = path.join(appiumHome, 'node_modules', '.bin', 'appium');
-  const add = resolvePackageAdd(
-    resolveConfiguredPackageManager(env, PackageManager.NPM),
-    `appium@${versionSpec}`
-  );
+  try {
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
+    await fs.promises.writeFile(
+      path.join(appiumHome, 'package.json'),
+      `${JSON.stringify({ name: 'eas-appium-home', private: true })}\n`
+    );
+    const appiumEnv: BuildStepEnv = { ...env, APPIUM_HOME: appiumHome };
+    const appiumBinPath = path.join(appiumHome, 'node_modules', '.bin', 'appium');
+    const add = resolvePackageAdd(
+      resolveConfiguredPackageManager(env, PackageManager.NPM),
+      `appium@${versionSpec}`
+    );
 
-  logger.info(`Installing appium@${versionSpec} with ${add.command}.`);
-  await spawn(add.command, add.args, {
-    cwd: appiumHome,
-    env: appiumEnv,
-    logger,
-  });
-  const { stdout } = await spawn(appiumBinPath, ['driver', 'list', '--installed', '--json'], {
-    env: appiumEnv,
-    stdio: 'pipe',
-  });
-  const installedDrivers = AppiumInstalledDriversSchema.parse(JSON.parse(stdout));
-  if (installedDrivers[driverName]?.installed) {
-    logger.info(`Updating the installed Appium ${driverName} driver.`);
-    await spawn(appiumBinPath, ['driver', 'update', driverName], { env: appiumEnv, logger });
-  } else {
-    logger.info(`Installing the Appium ${driverName} driver.`);
-    await spawn(appiumBinPath, ['driver', 'install', driverName], { env: appiumEnv, logger });
+    logger.info(`Installing appium@${versionSpec} with ${add.command}.`);
+    await runAppiumSetupCommandAsync(
+      add.command,
+      add.args,
+      {
+        cwd: appiumHome,
+        env: appiumEnv,
+        logger,
+      },
+      signal
+    );
+    const { stdout } = await runAppiumSetupCommandAsync(
+      appiumBinPath,
+      ['driver', 'list', '--installed', '--json'],
+      {
+        env: appiumEnv,
+        stdio: 'pipe',
+      },
+      signal
+    );
+    const installedDrivers = AppiumInstalledDriversSchema.parse(JSON.parse(stdout));
+    if (installedDrivers[driverName]?.installed) {
+      logger.info(`Updating the installed Appium ${driverName} driver.`);
+      await runAppiumSetupCommandAsync(
+        appiumBinPath,
+        ['driver', 'update', driverName],
+        { env: appiumEnv, logger },
+        signal
+      );
+    } else {
+      logger.info(`Installing the Appium ${driverName} driver.`);
+      await runAppiumSetupCommandAsync(
+        appiumBinPath,
+        ['driver', 'install', driverName],
+        { env: appiumEnv, logger },
+        signal
+      );
+    }
+    return { appiumHome, appiumBinPath, appiumEnv };
+  } catch (error) {
+    onError?.(error);
+    if (signal) {
+      await fs.promises.rm(appiumHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      signal.throwIfAborted();
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function runAppiumSetupCommandAsync(
+  command: string,
+  args: string[],
+  options: SpawnOptions,
+  signal?: AbortSignal
+): Promise<SpawnResult> {
+  if (!signal) {
+    return await spawn(command, args, options);
+  }
+  signal.throwIfAborted();
+  const task = spawn(command, args, { ...options, detached: true });
+  const abort = (): void => killProcessGroup(task.child, 'SIGKILL');
+  signal.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+  if (signal.aborted) {
+    abort();
+  }
+  try {
+    const result = await task;
+    signal.throwIfAborted();
+    return result;
+  } finally {
+    signal.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
   }
-  return { appiumHome, appiumBinPath, appiumEnv };
 }
 
 async function waitForAppiumReadyAsync({
   appiumProcess,
   logger,
+  signal,
 }: {
   appiumProcess: { getOutput: () => string };
   logger: bunyan;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<void> {
   const deadline = Date.now() + APPIUM_STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS;
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     try {
       const response = await turtleFetch(`http://${APPIUM_HOST}:${APPIUM_PORT}/status`, 'GET', {
         timeout: 2_000,
         retries: 0,
         logger,
+        signal,
       });
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
       if (response.ok) {
         return;
       }
     } catch {}
-    await sleepAsync(1_000);
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
+    if (signal) {
+      await setTimeoutAsync(1_000, undefined, { signal });
+    } else {
+      await sleepAsync(1_000);
+    }
   }
   const output = appiumProcess.getOutput();
   throw new SystemError(

packages/build-tools/src/steps/functions/startArgentRemoteSession.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
+import { type Result, asyncResult } from '@expo/results';
 import {
   BuildFunction,
   BuildRuntimePlatform,
   BuildStepInput,
   BuildStepInputValueTypeName,
 } from '@expo/steps';
-import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
+import spawn, { type SpawnOptions } from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
+import { setTimeout as setTimeoutAsync } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import semver from 'semver';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ import {
   withLocalEgressSession,
 } from '../utils/localEgressSession';
 import { type DeviceSessionHost, startDeviceSessionHostAsync } from '../utils/deviceSessionHost';
+import { resolveIosSessionStartupAsync } from '../utils/iosSimulatorSession';
 import {
   createNetworkCaptureInputProviders,
   parseNetworkCaptureInputs,
@@ -29,13 +32,14 @@ import {
   resolveConfiguredPackageManager,
   resolvePackageExec,
 } from '../../utils/packageManager';
-import { isProcessDescendantOfAsync } from '../../utils/processes';
+import { isProcessDescendantOfAsync, killProcessGroup } from '../../utils/processes';
 import { sleepAsync } from '../../utils/retry';
 import { pollArgentArtifactsForUploadAsync } from '../utils/argentArtifacts';
 import { ARGENT_EVENT_LOG_FILENAME, startArgentEventCollectionAsync } from '../utils/argentEvents';
 import {
   createCorsOriginsInputProvider,
   createFrameAncestorsInputProvider,
+  createIosSessionStartupInputProviders,
   createPrivatePreviewUrlInputProvider,
   createPublicPreviewInputProvider,
   createServeSimLaunchInputProviders,
@@ -48,7 +52,6 @@ import {
   omitNgrokAuthtoken,
   parseCorsOriginsInput,
   parseFrameAncestorsInput,
-  parseServeSimLaunchInputs,
   selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync,
   spawnDetached,
   startNgrokTunnelAsync,
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
     __metricsId: 'eas/start_argent_remote_session',
     inputProviders: [
       ...createServeSimLaunchInputProviders(),
+      ...createIosSessionStartupInputProviders(),
       ...createNetworkCaptureInputProviders(),
       createPublicPreviewInputProvider(),
       createPrivatePreviewUrlInputProvider(),
@@ -128,14 +132,21 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
       warnIfArgentPackageVersionCannotBeVerified({ packageVersion, logger });
       const versionSpec = packageVersion ?? 'latest';
       const { runtimePlatform } = global;
-      const launch = parseServeSimLaunchInputs(
-        {
-          launchAppIdentifier: inputs.launch_app_identifier?.value as string | undefined,
-          launchArgs: inputs.launch_args?.value,
-          openUrl: inputs.open_url?.value as string | undefined,
-        },
-        { runtimePlatform }
-      );
+      if (runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN) {
+        await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
+      }
+      const { launch, iosStartup } = await resolveIosSessionStartupAsync({
+        runtimePlatform,
+        bootSimulator: inputs.boot_simulator?.value as boolean | undefined,
+        deviceIdentifier: inputs.device_identifier?.value as string | undefined,
+        installAppPath: inputs.install_app_path?.value as string | undefined,
+        launchAppIdentifier: inputs.launch_app_identifier?.value,
+        launchArgs: inputs.launch_args?.value,
+        openUrl: inputs.open_url?.value,
+        env,
+        logger,
+        signal,
+      });
       const { networkCapture, networkCaptureFields } = parseNetworkCaptureInputs(
         {
           networkCapture: inputs.network_capture?.value,
@@ -147,10 +158,6 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
         `Starting argent remote session (version: ${versionSpec}, runtime: ${runtimePlatform}).`
       );
 
-      if (runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN) {
-        await selectXcodeDeveloperDirectoryAsync({ env, logger });
-      }
-
       // Start the potentially slow installation while Argent is being prepared.
       // On Linux expo-device-hub calls this again and awaits the same in-flight
       // setup before launching. On macOS this remains non-blocking, so only a
@@ -162,74 +169,124 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
       const argentExec = (args: string[]): { command: string; args: string[] } =>
         resolvePackageExec(packageManager, args);
 
-      logger.info('Enabling the Argent artifacts list endpoint flag.');
-      const enableArtifacts = argentExec([
-        `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
-        'enable',
-        ARGENT_ARTIFACTS_LIST_ENDPOINT_FLAG,
-      ]);
-      await spawn(enableArtifacts.command, enableArtifacts.args, { env, logger });
-
-      logger.info('Enabling the Argent tool-server event log flag.');
-      const enableEventLog = argentExec([
-        `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
-        'enable',
-        ARGENT_EVENT_LOG_FLAG,
-      ]);
-      await spawn(enableEventLog.command, enableEventLog.args, { env, logger });
-
-      logger.info('Disabling the Argent video watermark flag.');
-      const disableVideoWatermark = argentExec([
-        `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
-        'disable',
-        ARGENT_VIDEO_WATERMARK_FLAG,
-      ]);
-      // The watermark is cosmetic, so a failure here must not fail the session.
-      try {
-        await spawn(disableVideoWatermark.command, disableVideoWatermark.args, { env, logger });
-      } catch (err) {
-        logger.warn(
-          { err },
-          'Could not disable the Argent video watermark, so recorded videos may include it. Continuing the session.'
-        );
-      }
-
-      const startServer = argentExec([
-        `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
-        'server',
-        'start',
-        '--port',
-        '0',
-        '--idle-timeout',
-        '0',
-        '--force',
-      ]);
-      logger.info(
-        `Launching ${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec} tool-server via ${startServer.command}.`
-      );
-      // Keep Argent itself in foreground mode under the detached process. This preserves
-      // the npx/bun -> Argent CLI -> tool-server ancestry used to identify the matching state file.
-      const secrets: string[] = [];
-      const argentServer = spawnDetached({
-        command: startServer.command,
-        args: startServer.args,
-        env: { ...env, ARGENT_EVENT_LOG: ARGENT_EVENT_LOG_PATH, ARGENT_EMULATOR_NO_WINDOW: '1' },
-        logger,
-        secrets,
-      });
-      if (argentServer.pid === undefined) {
-        throw new SystemError(
-          'Failed to start Argent: could not determine the PID of the launched process.'
-        );
-      }
-
+      const startupAbortController = new AbortController();
+      const startupSignal = signal
+        ? AbortSignal.any([signal, startupAbortController.signal])
+        : startupAbortController.signal;
+      const setupSignal = iosStartup ? startupSignal : undefined;
       const artifactPollAbortController = new AbortController();
       let artifactPollingPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
       let eventCollection: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startArgentEventCollectionAsync>> | undefined;
       let toolsTunnel: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof startNgrokTunnelAsync>> | undefined;
+      let argentServer: ReturnType<typeof spawnDetached> | undefined;
+      let hostStartup: Promise<Result<DeviceSessionHost>> | undefined;
       let sessionHost: DeviceSessionHost | undefined;
       let sessionFailed = false;
+      const startHost = () =>
+        startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
+          ...iosStartup,
+          separateLogPhase: true,
+          runtimePlatform,
+          env,
+          logger,
+          disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
+          privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
+          frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
+          corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
+          timeoutMs: STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS,
+          signal: startupSignal,
+          onStartupError: iosStartup ? error => startupAbortController.abort(error) : undefined,
+          ...launch,
+          networkCapture,
+          networkCaptureFields,
+        }).catch(error => {
+          if (iosStartup) {
+            startupAbortController.abort(error);
+          }
+          throw error;
+        });
       try {
+        if (iosStartup) {
+          hostStartup = asyncResult(startHost());
+        }
+        logger.info('Enabling the Argent artifacts list endpoint flag.');
+        const enableArtifacts = argentExec([
+          `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
+          'enable',
+          ARGENT_ARTIFACTS_LIST_ENDPOINT_FLAG,
+        ]);
+        await runArgentSetupCommandAsync(
+          enableArtifacts.command,
+          enableArtifacts.args,
+          { env, logger },
+          setupSignal
+        );
+
+        logger.info('Enabling the Argent tool-server event log flag.');
+        const enableEventLog = argentExec([
+          `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
+          'enable',
+          ARGENT_EVENT_LOG_FLAG,
+        ]);
+        await runArgentSetupCommandAsync(
+          enableEventLog.command,
+          enableEventLog.args,
+          { env, logger },
+          setupSignal
+        );
+
+        logger.info('Disabling the Argent video watermark flag.');
+        const disableVideoWatermark = argentExec([
+          `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
+          'disable',
+          ARGENT_VIDEO_WATERMARK_FLAG,
+        ]);
+        // The watermark is cosmetic, so a failure here must not fail the session.
+        try {
+          await runArgentSetupCommandAsync(
+            disableVideoWatermark.command,
+            disableVideoWatermark.args,
+            { env, logger },
+            setupSignal
+          );
+        } catch (err) {
+          setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
+          logger.warn(
+            { err },
+            'Could not disable the Argent video watermark, so recorded videos may include it. Continuing the session.'
+          );
+        }
+
+        setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const startServer = argentExec([
+          `${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec}`,
+          'server',
+          'start',
+          '--port',
+          '0',
+          '--idle-timeout',
+          '0',
+          '--force',
+        ]);
+        logger.info(
+          `Launching ${ARGENT_PACKAGE_NAME}@${versionSpec} tool-server via ${startServer.command}.`
+        );
+        // Keep Argent itself in foreground mode under the detached process. This preserves
+        // the npx/bun -> Argent CLI -> tool-server ancestry used to identify the matching state file.
+        const secrets: string[] = [];
+        argentServer = spawnDetached({
+          command: startServer.command,
+          args: startServer.args,
+          env: { ...env, ARGENT_EVENT_LOG: ARGENT_EVENT_LOG_PATH, ARGENT_EMULATOR_NO_WINDOW: '1' },
+          logger,
+          secrets,
+        });
+        if (argentServer.pid === undefined) {
+          throw new SystemError(
+            'Failed to start Argent: could not determine the PID of the launched process.'
+          );
+        }
+
         logger.info(`Waiting for argent tool-server state in ${ARGENT_STATE_DIR}.`);
         let toolServerPort: number;
         let toolServerToken: string | undefined;
@@ -239,6 +296,7 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
             ancestorPid: argentServer.pid,
             timeoutMs: STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS,
             getExitError: argentServer.getExitError,
+            signal: setupSignal,
           });
           toolServerPort = toolServerState.port;
           toolServerToken = toolServerState.token;
@@ -253,6 +311,10 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
             }${output ? `\nArgent tool-server output:\n${output}` : ''}`
           );
         }
+        if (hostStartup) {
+          sessionHost = (await hostStartup).enforceValue();
+        }
+        setupSignal?.throwIfAborted();
         logger.info(`Argent tool-server is listening on port ${toolServerPort}.`);
         const artifactPollSignal = signal
           ? AbortSignal.any([signal, artifactPollAbortController.signal])
@@ -287,22 +349,7 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
         if (launchDescription) {
           logger.info(launchDescription);
         }
-        sessionHost = await startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
-          separateLogPhase: true,
-          runtimePlatform,
-          env,
-          logger,
-          timeoutMs: STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS,
-          disableShare: inputs.public_preview?.value === false,
-          privatePreviewUrl: inputs.private_preview_url?.value as string | undefined,
-          frameAncestors: parseFrameAncestorsInput(inputs.frame_ancestors?.value),
-          corsOrigins: parseCorsOriginsInput(inputs.cors_origins?.value),
-          launchAppIdentifier: launch.launchAppIdentifier,
-          launchArgs: launch.launchArgs,
-          openUrl: launch.openUrl,
-          networkCapture,
-          networkCaptureFields,
-        });
+        sessionHost ??= (await (hostStartup ??= asyncResult(startHost()))).enforceValue();
         const webPreview = await sessionHost.openPreviewAsync({
           baseDomain: ngrokTunnelDomain,
           authtoken: ngrokAuthtoken,
@@ -339,13 +386,15 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
               ? {
                   maxIdleTimeMinutes,
                   getLastEventObservedAt: eventCollection.getLastEventObservedAt,
+                  getLastPreviewActivityAt: () => sessionHost?.getLastPreviewActivityAt(),
                 }
               : undefined,
         });
       } catch (error) {
         sessionFailed = true;
-        throw error;
+        throw setupSignal?.aborted ? setupSignal.reason : error;
       } finally {
+        startupAbortController.abort(new Error('Argent session ended.'));
         await finishRemoteSessionAsync({
           logger,
           sessionFailed,
@@ -377,11 +426,11 @@ export function createStartArgentRemoteSessionBuildFunction(
                     );
                   }
                 } finally {
-                  await argentServer.stopAsync();
+                  await argentServer?.stopAsync();
                 }
               })(),
             ],
-            ['session host', sessionHost?.finishAsync()],
+            ['session host', hostStartup?.then(result => result.value?.finishAsync())],
           ],
         });
       }
@@ -441,6 +490,31 @@ export function warnIfArgentPackageVersionCannotBeVerified({
   }
 }
 
+async function runArgentSetupCommandAsync(
+  command: string,
+  args: string[],
+  options: SpawnOptions,
+  signal?: AbortSignal
+): Promise<void> {
+  if (!signal) {
+    await spawn(command, args, options);
+    return;
+  }
+  signal.throwIfAborted();
+  const task = spawn(command, args, { ...options, detached: true });
+  const abort = (): void => killProcessGroup(task.child, 'SIGKILL');
+  signal.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+  if (signal.aborted) {
+    abort();
+  }
+  try {
+    await task;
+    signal.throwIfAborted();
+  } finally {
+    signal.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
+  }
+}
+
 function parseArgentToolServerState(raw: string): ArgentToolServerState {
   let json: unknown;
   try {
@@ -463,13 +537,16 @@ export async function waitForArgentToolServerStateAsync({
   timeoutMs,
   pollIntervalMs = 1_000,
   getExitError,
+  signal,
 }: {
   stateDir: string;
   ancestorPid: number;
   timeoutMs: number;
   pollIntervalMs?: number;
   getExitError?: () => Error | undefined;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<ArgentToolServerState> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
   let lastError: unknown;
   const throwIfExited = (): void => {
@@ -480,6 +557,7 @@ export async function waitForArgentToolServerStateAsync({
   };
 
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     throwIfExited();
     let matchingState: ArgentToolServerState | undefined;
     try {
@@ -505,13 +583,19 @@ export async function waitForArgentToolServerStateAsync({
       lastError = err;
     }
     // Keep process failures outside the retryable state-file read errors.
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     throwIfExited();
     if (matchingState) {
       return matchingState;
     }
-    await sleepAsync(pollIntervalMs);
+    if (signal) {
+      await setTimeoutAsync(pollIntervalMs, undefined, { signal });
+    } else {
+      await sleepAsync(pollIntervalMs);
+    }
   }
 
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   throw new SystemError(
     `Timed out waiting for an argent tool-server state file belonging to process ${ancestorPid} in ${stateDir}${
       lastError instanceof Error ? `: ${lastError.message}` : ''

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/agentDeviceEvents.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import HttpLogStream from '../../../logging/HttpLogStream';
 import RemoteLoggerStream from '../../../logging/RemoteLoggerStream';
 import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
+import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync } from '../agentDeviceEvents';
+import {
+  DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER,
+  DeviceRunSessionWorkerApiError,
+} from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const mockEventLogStream = {
   init: jest.fn(async () => undefined),
@@ -28,10 +33,18 @@ jest.mock('../../../logging/RemoteLoggerStream', () => ({
   default: jest.fn(() => mockEventLogStream),
 }));
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
+jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch');
+
+const { Response } = jest.requireActual('node-fetch') as typeof import('node-fetch');
+
+const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN = 'device-run-session-token-value';
+const EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL =
+  'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-session-worker/event-log-upload-session';
 
 describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.clearAllMocks();
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(async () => eventLogUploadSessionResponse());
   });
 
   it('uploads normalized events to the session event artifact once', async () => {
@@ -88,9 +101,13 @@ describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
       await fs.promises.rm(stateDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
-    });
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL,
+      'POST',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
+      })
+    );
     expect(RemoteLoggerStream).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       logger,
       uploadMethod: {
@@ -535,11 +552,13 @@ describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
   });
 
   it('does not fail the session when event log setup fails', async () => {
-    const error = new Error('WWW unavailable');
     const ctx = createContext({ realtimeLogs: true });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce({
-      toPromise: async () => ({ error }),
-    } as unknown as ReturnType<CustomBuildContext['graphqlClient']['mutation']>);
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify({ errors: [{ message: 'WWW unavailable' }] }), {
+        status: 503,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      })
+    );
     const logger = createLogger();
 
     const collection = await startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync({
@@ -554,8 +573,11 @@ describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
     expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       {
         err: expect.objectContaining({
-          message: 'Failed to create device run session event log upload session: WWW unavailable',
-          cause: error,
+          message:
+            'Failed to create device run session event log upload session: ' +
+            'POST /v2/device-run-session-worker/event-log-upload-session failed with status 503: ' +
+            'WWW unavailable',
+          cause: expect.any(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApiError),
         }),
       },
       'Could not persist device run session events to the artifact.'
@@ -563,8 +585,11 @@ describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
     expect(Sentry.capture).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'Could not persist device run session events',
       expect.objectContaining({
-        message: 'Failed to create device run session event log upload session: WWW unavailable',
-        cause: error,
+        message:
+          'Failed to create device run session event log upload session: ' +
+          'POST /v2/device-run-session-worker/event-log-upload-session failed with status 503: ' +
+          'WWW unavailable',
+        cause: expect.any(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApiError),
       }),
       {
         level: 'warning',
@@ -669,32 +694,35 @@ describe(startAgentDeviceEventCollectionAsync, () => {
 function createContext({
   realtimeLogs = false,
 }: { realtimeLogs?: boolean } = {}): CustomBuildContext {
-  const mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-    toPromise: async () => ({
-      data: {
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createEventLogUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: {
-              url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/events',
-              headers: {
-                'content-disposition': 'attachment; filename="events.ndjson"',
-                'x-goog-content-length-range': '0,104857600',
-              },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      },
-    }),
-  });
   return {
-    graphqlClient: { mutation },
-    env: realtimeLogs ? { EXPO_STAGING: '1', EAS_BUILD_ID: 'job-run-id' } : {},
+    env: {
+      EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN,
+      ...(realtimeLogs ? { EXPO_STAGING: '1', EAS_BUILD_ID: 'job-run-id' } : {}),
+    },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
     job: {
       secrets: realtimeLogs ? { robotAccessToken: 'robot-access-token' } : {},
     },
   } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 }
 
+function eventLogUploadSessionResponse(): InstanceType<typeof Response> {
+  return new Response(
+    JSON.stringify({
+      data: {
+        uploadSession: {
+          url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/events',
+          headers: {
+            'content-disposition': 'attachment; filename="events.ndjson"',
+            'x-goog-content-length-range': '0,104857600',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    { headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' } }
+  );
+}
+
 function createLogger(): bunyan {
   return { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
 }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/argentEvents.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import HttpLogStream from '../../../logging/HttpLogStream';
 import RemoteLoggerStream from '../../../logging/RemoteLoggerStream';
 import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
+import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { startArgentEventCollectionAsync } from '../argentEvents';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const mockEventLogStream = {
   init: jest.fn(async () => undefined),
@@ -28,12 +30,20 @@ jest.mock('../../../logging/RemoteLoggerStream', () => ({
   default: jest.fn(() => mockEventLogStream),
 }));
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
+jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch');
+
+const { Response } = jest.requireActual('node-fetch') as typeof import('node-fetch');
+
+const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN = 'device-run-session-token-value';
+const EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL =
+  'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-session-worker/event-log-upload-session';
 
 const EVENT_LOG_FILENAME = 'tool-server-events.jsonl';
 
 describe(startArgentEventCollectionAsync, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.clearAllMocks();
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(async () => eventLogUploadSessionResponse());
   });
 
   it('maps tool lifecycle records onto the shared operation vocabulary', async () => {
@@ -84,9 +94,13 @@ describe(startArgentEventCollectionAsync, () => {
       await fs.promises.rm(stateDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
-    });
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL,
+      'POST',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
+      })
+    );
     expect(RemoteLoggerStream).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       logger,
       uploadMethod: {
@@ -318,29 +332,32 @@ function bunyanRecord(fields: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown>
 function createContext({
   realtimeLogs = false,
 }: { realtimeLogs?: boolean } = {}): CustomBuildContext {
-  const mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-    toPromise: async () => ({
-      data: {
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createEventLogUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: {
-              url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/events',
-              headers: { 'content-disposition': 'attachment; filename="events.ndjson"' },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      },
-    }),
-  });
   return {
-    graphqlClient: { mutation },
-    env: realtimeLogs ? { EXPO_STAGING: '1', EAS_BUILD_ID: 'job-run-id' } : {},
+    env: {
+      EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN,
+      ...(realtimeLogs ? { EXPO_STAGING: '1', EAS_BUILD_ID: 'job-run-id' } : {}),
+    },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
     job: {
       secrets: realtimeLogs ? { robotAccessToken: 'robot-access-token' } : {},
     },
   } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 }
 
+function eventLogUploadSessionResponse(): InstanceType<typeof Response> {
+  return new Response(
+    JSON.stringify({
+      data: {
+        uploadSession: {
+          url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/events',
+          headers: { 'content-disposition': 'attachment; filename="events.ndjson"' },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    { headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' } }
+  );
+}
+
 function createLogger(): bunyan {
   return { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
 }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionArtifacts.test.ts

@@ -2,46 +2,56 @@ import fetch from 'node-fetch';
 import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
 
 import { CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
+import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionArtifacts';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 jest.mock('node-fetch');
+jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch');
 
 const { Response } = jest.requireActual('node-fetch') as typeof import('node-fetch');
 
+const TOKEN = 'device-run-session-token-value';
+
+function jsonResponse(body: unknown): InstanceType<typeof Response> {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+  });
+}
+
+function createCtx(): CustomBuildContext {
+  return {
+    env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: TOKEN },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
+  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
+}
+
 describe(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.mocked(fetch).mockReset();
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockReset();
   });
 
   it('streams an artifact through a signed upload URL', async () => {
     const stream = Readable.from(Buffer.from('artifact-data'));
     const reportedSize = 1024;
-    const mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-      toPromise: async () => ({
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(
+      jsonResponse({
         data: {
-          deviceRunSession: {
-            createArtifactUploadSession: {
-              uploadSession: {
-                url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact',
-                headers: {
-                  'Content-Length': String(reportedSize),
-                  'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
-                },
-              },
+          uploadSession: {
+            url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact',
+            headers: {
+              'Content-Length': String(reportedSize),
+              'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
             },
           },
         },
-      }),
-    });
-    const ctx = {
-      graphqlClient: {
-        mutation,
-      },
-    } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
-
+      })
+    );
     jest.mocked(fetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('', { status: 200 }));
 
-    await uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(ctx, {
+    await uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(createCtx(), {
       deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
       artifactId: 'artifact-id',
       name: 'Artifact report.json (artifact-id)',
@@ -52,19 +62,20 @@ describe(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync, () => {
       openStream: () => stream,
     });
 
-    expect(mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.anything(),
+    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-session-worker/artifact-upload-sessions',
+      'POST',
       expect.objectContaining({
-        deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-        input: {
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: TOKEN },
+        json: {
           name: 'Artifact report.json (artifact-id)',
           filename: 'report.json',
           kind: 'agent-device-test-report',
           metadata: { firstFrameRecordAt: 'test-time' },
           size: reportedSize,
         },
-      }),
-      { fetch: expect.any(Function) }
+        signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      })
     );
     expect(jest.mocked(fetch)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact',
@@ -77,26 +88,19 @@ describe(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync, () => {
 
   it('forwards cancellation through upload allocation and skips PUT when allocation aborts', async () => {
     const controller = new AbortController();
-    const mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-      toPromise: async () => {
-        controller.abort();
-        return {
-          data: {
-            deviceRunSession: {
-              createArtifactUploadSession: {
-                uploadSession: {
-                  url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact',
-                  headers: {},
-                },
-              },
-            },
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
+      controller.abort();
+      return jsonResponse({
+        data: {
+          uploadSession: {
+            url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact',
+            headers: {},
           },
-        };
-      },
+        },
+      });
     });
-    const ctx = { graphqlClient: { mutation } } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
     await expect(
-      uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(ctx, {
+      uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(createCtx(), {
         deviceRunSessionId: 'session',
         artifactId: 'id',
         name: 'Logs',
@@ -108,18 +112,8 @@ describe(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync, () => {
       })
     ).rejects.toThrow();
     expect(fetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    const allocationFetch = mutation.mock.calls[0][2].fetch;
-    const mockFetch = jest.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('aborted'));
-    try {
-      await expect(allocationFetch('https://api.expo.test/graphql', {})).rejects.toThrow('aborted');
-      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        'https://api.expo.test/graphql',
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          signal: expect.objectContaining({ aborted: true }),
-        })
-      );
-    } finally {
-      mockFetch.mockRestore();
-    }
+    const allocationSignal = jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mock.calls[0][2].signal;
+    expect(allocationSignal).toBeInstanceOf(AbortSignal);
+    expect(allocationSignal?.aborted).toBe(true);
   });
 });

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionPreview.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform } from '@expo/steps';
+import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
-import { Client, fetchExchange } from '@urql/core';
 import { getEventListeners } from 'node:events';
 import { readFile, readdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
@@ -10,20 +10,43 @@ import fetch from 'node-fetch';
 
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import * as processes from '../../../utils/processes';
+import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import {
   captureDeviceRunSessionPreviewAsync,
   ensureMacosPreviewEncoderInstalledAsync,
   startDeviceRunSessionPreview,
 } from '../deviceRunSessionPreview';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 jest.mock('node-fetch');
 jest.mock('@expo/turtle-spawn');
+jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch');
 const { Response } = jest.requireActual('node-fetch') as typeof import('node-fetch');
 
+const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN = 'device-run-session-token-value';
+const PREVIEW_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL =
+  'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-session-worker/preview-upload-session';
+const uploadSession = {
+  url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/preview',
+  headers: { 'content-type': 'image/webp' },
+};
+
+function createCtx(): CustomBuildContext {
+  return {
+    env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
+  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
+}
+
+function uploadSessionResponse(): InstanceType<typeof Response> {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: { uploadSession } }), {
+    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+  });
+}
+
 describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
   const image = Buffer.from('webp-image');
   let captureAsync: jest.Mock<Promise<Buffer>, [AbortSignal]>;
-  let mutation: jest.Mock;
   let logger: bunyan;
   let ctx: CustomBuildContext;
   let preview: ReturnType<typeof startDeviceRunSessionPreview> | undefined;
@@ -31,21 +54,11 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.useFakeTimers();
     captureAsync = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(image);
-    mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-      toPromise: async () => ({
-        data: {
-          deviceRunSession: {
-            createPreviewUploadSession: {
-              uploadSession: {
-                url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/preview',
-                headers: { 'content-type': 'image/webp' },
-              },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      }),
-    });
-    ctx = { graphqlClient: { mutation } } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
+    jest
+      .mocked(turtleFetch)
+      .mockReset()
+      .mockImplementation(async () => uploadSessionResponse());
+    ctx = createCtx();
     logger = { warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
     jest
       .mocked(fetch)
@@ -82,7 +95,7 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
     expect(captureAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
     expect(captureAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-    expect(mutation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     await preview!.stopAsync();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120_000);
     expect(captureAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
@@ -92,7 +105,7 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
     captureAsync.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('device not ready'));
     start();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
-    expect(mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(turtleFetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
     expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
@@ -102,7 +115,7 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
     jest.mocked(fetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('', { status: 403 }));
     start();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
-    expect(mutation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
   });
 
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
   it('reuses the upload URL for the full session', async () => {
     start();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(119 * 60_000);
-    expect(mutation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('does not overlap captures and aborts pending work when stopped', async () => {
@@ -156,29 +169,20 @@ describe(startDeviceRunSessionPreview, () => {
     const stopping = handle.stopAsync();
     finish(image);
     await stopping;
-    expect(mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(turtleFetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
 
-describe('session preview with the real GraphQL client', () => {
-  const uploadSession = {
-    url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/preview',
-    headers: { 'content-type': 'image/webp' },
-  };
-  let graphqlFetch: jest.SpyInstance;
+describe('session preview upload session from the worker API', () => {
   let preview: ReturnType<typeof startDeviceRunSessionPreview> | undefined;
   let logger: bunyan;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.useFakeTimers();
-    graphqlFetch = jest.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockResolvedValue(
-      new globalThis.Response(
-        JSON.stringify({
-          data: { deviceRunSession: { createPreviewUploadSession: { uploadSession } } },
-        }),
-        { headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' } }
-      )
-    );
+    jest
+      .mocked(turtleFetch)
+      .mockReset()
+      .mockImplementation(async () => uploadSessionResponse());
     logger = { warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
     jest
       .mocked(fetch)
@@ -193,14 +197,9 @@ describe('session preview with the real GraphQL client', () => {
     jest.useRealTimers();
   });
 
-  const start = () => {
-    const graphqlClient = new Client({
-      url: 'https://api.expo.test/graphql',
-      exchanges: [fetchExchange],
-      fetchOptions: { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer worker-token' } },
-    });
+  const start = (ctx: CustomBuildContext = createCtx()) => {
     preview = startDeviceRunSessionPreview({
-      ctx: { graphqlClient } as CustomBuildContext,
+      ctx,
       deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
       captureAsync: async () => Buffer.from('webp-image'),
       logger,
@@ -208,25 +207,49 @@ describe('session preview with the real GraphQL client', () => {
     return preview;
   };
 
-  it('preserves the worker authentication when creating the upload session', async () => {
+  it('sends the device run session token when creating the upload session', async () => {
     start();
     await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
-    const [, options] = graphqlFetch.mock.calls[0];
-    expect(new Headers(options.headers).get('authorization')).toBe('Bearer worker-token');
+    expect(turtleFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      PREVIEW_UPLOAD_SESSION_URL,
+      'POST',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
+        signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      })
+    );
     expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
-  it.each(['shutdown', 'timeout'])('aborts a stalled GraphQL request on %s', async reason => {
+  it('logs a failure and uploads nothing when the job has no device run session token', async () => {
+    start({
+      env: {},
+      expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
+    } as unknown as CustomBuildContext);
+    await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
+    expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { err: expect.any(SystemError) },
+      'Could not refresh the session preview; retrying in 60 seconds.'
+    );
+    const [{ err }] = jest.mocked(logger.warn).mock.calls[0] as unknown as [{ err: Error }];
+    expect(err.message).toMatch(
+      /^This device run session job has no EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN secret\./
+    );
+    expect(turtleFetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(fetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each(['shutdown', 'timeout'])('aborts a stalled worker API request on %s', async reason => {
     const timeout = new AbortController();
     jest.spyOn(AbortSignal, 'timeout').mockReturnValue(timeout.signal);
     let requestSignal: AbortSignal | undefined;
     let rejectRequest!: (error: Error) => void;
-    graphqlFetch.mockImplementation(
-      (_url, options) =>
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(
+      (_url, _method, options) =>
         new Promise((_, reject) => {
           rejectRequest = reject;
-          requestSignal = options.signal;
-          requestSignal!.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(requestSignal!.reason), {
+          requestSignal = options.signal as AbortSignal;
+          requestSignal.addEventListener('abort', () => reject(requestSignal!.reason), {
             once: true,
           });
         })
@@ -255,14 +278,7 @@ describe('session preview with the real GraphQL client', () => {
       await stopping;
     } else {
       expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      graphqlFetch.mockResolvedValue(
-        new globalThis.Response(
-          JSON.stringify({
-            data: { deviceRunSession: { createPreviewUploadSession: { uploadSession } } },
-          }),
-          { headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' } }
-        )
-      );
+      jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(async () => uploadSessionResponse());
       jest.spyOn(AbortSignal, 'timeout').mockReturnValue(new AbortController().signal);
       await jest.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
       expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings.test.ffmpeg.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import type { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import type { BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
-import { Client, fetchExchange } from '@urql/core';
 import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
-import { copyFile, mkdir, mkdtemp, rm, stat, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { copyFile, mkdir, mkdtemp, readFile, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { type IncomingMessage, type ServerResponse, createServer } from 'node:http';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
@@ -25,25 +24,27 @@ let ctx: CustomBuildContext;
 let url: string;
 let directory: string;
 let creationBodies: string[];
+let creationTokens: (string | undefined)[];
 
 beforeEach(async () => {
   creationBodies = [];
+  creationTokens = [];
   directory = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'recording-recovery-'));
   server = createServer((request, response) => {
-    if (request.url === '/graphql') {
+    if (request.url === '/v2/device-run-session-worker/artifact-upload-sessions') {
       request.setEncoding('utf8');
       let body = '';
       request.on('data', chunk => (body += chunk));
       request.on('end', () => {
         creationBodies.push(body);
+        creationTokens.push(request.headers['expo-device-run-session-token'] as string | undefined);
         response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
         response.end(
           JSON.stringify({
             data: {
-              deviceRunSession: {
-                createArtifactUploadSession: {
-                  uploadSession: { url: `${url}/artifact`, headers: {} },
-                },
+              uploadSession: {
+                url: `${url}/artifact/${encodeURIComponent(JSON.parse(body).filename)}`,
+                headers: {},
               },
             },
           })
@@ -60,12 +61,9 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
   }
   url = `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`;
   ctx = {
-    graphqlClient: new Client({
-      url: `${url}/graphql`,
-      exchanges: [fetchExchange],
-      fetchOptions: { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer test-auth' } },
-    }),
-  } as CustomBuildContext;
+    env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: 'session-token' },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: `${url}/v2/`,
+  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 });
 
 afterEach(async () => {
@@ -165,10 +163,14 @@ it('recovers unlisted recordings from a killed host and flags the unfinished one
   ]);
   expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('empty/recording.mp4.partial'));
 
-  let putBytes = 0;
+  const uploaded = new Map<string, Buffer>();
   handle = (request, response) => {
-    request.on('data', chunk => (putBytes += chunk.length));
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    request.on('data', chunk => {
+      chunks.push(chunk);
+    });
     request.on('end', () => {
+      uploaded.set(request.url!, Buffer.concat(chunks));
       response.statusCode = 200;
       response.end();
     });
@@ -180,9 +182,18 @@ it('recovers unlisted recordings from a killed host and flags the unfinished one
       recordings,
     })
   ).resolves.toBe(true);
-  expect(putBytes).toBe(3 * (await stat(path.join(cut, 'recording.mp4.partial'))).size);
+  for (const recording of recordings) {
+    const manifest = await readFile(path.join(recording.directory, 'session.json'));
+    const recordingId = path.basename(recording.directory);
+    expect(uploaded.get(`/artifact/${recordingId}.json`)).toEqual(manifest);
+    expect(uploaded.get(`/artifact/${recordingId}.mp4`)).toEqual(
+      await readFile(path.join(recording.directory, JSON.parse(manifest.toString()).recording))
+    );
+  }
+  expect(creationTokens).toEqual(Array(6).fill('session-token'));
   const inputs = creationBodies
-    .map(body => JSON.parse(body).variables.input)
+    .map(body => JSON.parse(body))
+    .filter(input => input.kind === 'screen-recording')
     .sort((a, b) => a.filename.localeCompare(b.filename));
   expect(inputs.map(input => input.filename)).toEqual(['cut.mp4', 'done.mp4', 'failed.mp4']);
   expect(inputs.map(input => input.name.includes(', partial)'))).toEqual([true, false, true]);
@@ -193,6 +204,16 @@ it('recovers unlisted recordings from a killed host and flags the unfinished one
     width: 128,
     height: 96,
   });
+  const manifests = creationBodies
+    .map(body => JSON.parse(body))
+    .filter(input => input.kind === 'screen-recording-metadata')
+    .sort((a, b) => a.filename.localeCompare(b.filename));
+  expect(manifests.map(input => input.filename)).toEqual(['cut.json', 'done.json', 'failed.json']);
+  expect(manifests.map(input => input.metadata.recordingFilename)).toEqual([
+    'cut.mp4',
+    'done.mp4',
+    'failed.mp4',
+  ]);
   expect(inputs[2].metadata).toMatchObject({
     partial: true,
     partialReason: 'Recording finalization exceeded 30000 ms.',

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import type { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
+import { vol } from 'memfs';
+import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+
+import type { CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
+import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
+import { uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionArtifacts';
+import { uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings';
+
+jest.mock('../deviceRunSessionArtifacts');
+jest.mock('../../../sentry');
+
+const logger = { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
+const ctx = {} as CustomBuildContext;
+const recording = {
+  udid: 'simulator-id',
+  deviceName: 'iPhone Duo',
+  runtimeDisplayName: 'iOS 27.1',
+  directory: '/recordings/recording-id',
+};
+const manifest = {
+  firstFrameWallClock: { unixMs: 1_791_072_000_000, iso8601: '2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z' },
+  width: 1440,
+  height: 1200,
+  recording: 'recording.mp4',
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  jest.mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync).mockReset().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+});
+
+it.each([
+  {},
+  {
+    deviceStates: [
+      {
+        timeMs: 12.5,
+        state: {
+          width: 1200,
+          height: 1440,
+          orientation: 'landscape-left',
+          screen: 'inner',
+          hingeAngle: 90,
+          physicalOrientation: 'portrait',
+          tableMode: false,
+          contentRect: { x: 220, y: 0, width: 1000, height: 1200 },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+    interruptions: [{ reason: 'simulatorReboot', pausedAtSeconds: 1, resumedAtSeconds: 2 }],
+    futureField: { label: '서울 🌲' },
+  },
+])('uploads the complete manifest unchanged beside its video (%j)', async extra => {
+  const contents = Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ ...manifest, ...extra }, null, 2) + '\n');
+  vol.fromJSON({
+    [recording.directory + '/session.json']: contents.toString(),
+    [recording.directory + '/recording.mp4']: 'video',
+  });
+  jest.mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync).mockImplementation(async (_, input) => {
+    if (input.kind === 'screen-recording') {
+      await writeFile(recording.directory + '/session.json', '{}');
+    }
+  });
+
+  await expect(
+    uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync(ctx, {
+      logger,
+      deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
+      recordings: [recording],
+    })
+  ).resolves.toBe(true);
+
+  const inputs = jest
+    .mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync)
+    .mock.calls.map(([, input]) => input);
+  expect(inputs.map(input => input.filename)).toEqual(['recording-id.mp4', 'recording-id.json']);
+  expect(inputs[1]).toMatchObject({
+    deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
+    artifactId: 'recording-id-metadata',
+    kind: 'screen-recording-metadata',
+    metadata: {
+      __eas_type: 'screen-recording-metadata',
+      recordingFilename: 'recording-id.mp4',
+      udid: recording.udid,
+    },
+    size: contents.length,
+  });
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
+    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    for await (const chunk of inputs[1].openStream()) {
+      chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
+    }
+    expect(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toEqual(contents);
+  }
+});
+
+it('reports a metadata upload failure while keeping the video and uploading other recordings', async () => {
+  const other = { ...recording, directory: '/recordings/other-recording', udid: 'other-device' };
+  for (const item of [recording, other]) {
+    vol.fromJSON({
+      [item.directory + '/session.json']: JSON.stringify(manifest),
+      [item.directory + '/recording.mp4']: 'video',
+    });
+  }
+  jest.mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync).mockImplementation(async (_, input) => {
+    if (input.filename === 'recording-id.json') {
+      throw new Error('Storage unavailable');
+    }
+  });
+
+  await expect(
+    uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync(ctx, {
+      logger,
+      deviceRunSessionId: 'session-id',
+      recordings: [recording, other],
+    })
+  ).resolves.toBe(false);
+
+  expect(
+    jest.mocked(uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync).mock.calls.map(([, input]) => input.filename)
+  ).toEqual(
+    expect.arrayContaining([
+      'recording-id.mp4',
+      'recording-id.json',
+      'other-recording.mp4',
+      'other-recording.json',
+    ])
+  );
+  expect(Sentry.capture).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    'Could not upload device screen recording metadata',
+    expect.any(Error)
+  );
+  expect(Sentry.capture).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    'Could not upload device screen recording',
+    expect.any(Error)
+  );
+  expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    expect.objectContaining({ err: expect.any(Error) }),
+    `Could not upload screen recording metadata for ${recording.deviceName}.`
+  );
+});

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionScreenshotsHttp.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
-import { Client, fetchExchange } from '@urql/core';
+import { BuildRuntimePlatform } from '@expo/steps';
 import { mkdtemp, rm, stat, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { type IncomingMessage, type ServerResponse, createServer } from 'node:http';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   screenshotArtifactDetails,
 } from '../deviceRunSessionScreenshotNames';
 import { uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenshotsAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionScreenshots';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 jest.unmock('node-fetch');
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
 function deferred<T>() {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ let ctx: CustomBuildContext;
 let url: string;
 let directory: string;
 let creates: number;
-let authorization: string | undefined;
+let deviceRunSessionToken: string | string[] | undefined;
 let stallCreation: boolean;
 let creationStarted: ReturnType<typeof deferred<IncomingMessage>>;
 let creationBodies: string[];
@@ -40,42 +41,32 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
   sessionLookups = 0;
   sessionLookupFails = false;
   uploadQuery = '';
-  authorization = undefined;
+  deviceRunSessionToken = undefined;
   stallCreation = false;
   creationBodies = [];
   creationStarted = deferred();
   directory = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'recording-upload-http-'));
   server = createServer((request, response) => {
-    if (request.url?.startsWith('/graphql')) {
-      authorization = request.headers.authorization;
+    if (request.url?.startsWith('/v2/device-run-session-worker/')) {
+      deviceRunSessionToken = request.headers[DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER];
       request.setEncoding('utf8');
       let body = '';
-      if (request.method === 'GET') {
-        const requestUrl = new URL(request.url, 'http://localhost');
-        body = JSON.stringify({ query: requestUrl.searchParams.get('query') });
-      }
       request.on('data', chunk => (body += chunk));
       request.on('end', () => {
-        const operation = JSON.parse(body);
-        if (operation.query.includes('query ScreenshotSession')) {
+        if (request.url === '/v2/device-run-session-worker/application') {
           sessionLookups++;
           response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
           if (sessionLookupFails) {
+            response.statusCode = 503;
             response.end(JSON.stringify({ errors: [{ message: 'Lookup unavailable' }] }));
           } else {
             response.end(
               JSON.stringify({
                 data: {
-                  deviceRunSessions: {
-                    byId: {
-                      platform: 'IOS',
-                      app: { slug: 'session-project' },
-                      build: {
-                        id: 'installed-build',
-                        gitCommitHash: installedCommit,
-                        app: { slug: 'my-app' },
-                      },
-                    },
+                  build: {
+                    id: 'installed-build',
+                    gitCommitHash: installedCommit,
+                    applicationArchiveUrl: null,
                   },
                 },
               })
@@ -92,13 +83,7 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
         response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
         response.end(
           JSON.stringify({
-            data: {
-              deviceRunSession: {
-                createArtifactUploadSession: {
-                  uploadSession: { url: `${url}/artifact${uploadQuery}`, headers: {} },
-                },
-              },
-            },
+            data: { uploadSession: { url: `${url}/artifact${uploadQuery}`, headers: {} } },
           })
         );
       });
@@ -113,12 +98,10 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
   }
   url = `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`;
   ctx = {
-    graphqlClient: new Client({
-      url: `${url}/graphql`,
-      exchanges: [fetchExchange],
-      fetchOptions: { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer test-auth' } },
-    }),
-  } as CustomBuildContext;
+    env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: 'test-device-run-session-token' },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: `${url}/v2/`,
+    runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 });
 
 afterEach(async () => {
@@ -127,7 +110,7 @@ afterEach(async () => {
   await rm(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
 });
 
-it('publishes a manual preview PNG through the artifact GraphQL and HTTP upload path', async () => {
+it('publishes a manual preview PNG through the worker API and HTTP upload path', async () => {
   const payload = Buffer.from(
     'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/x8AAwMCAO+aF9sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=',
     'base64'
@@ -157,25 +140,20 @@ it('publishes a manual preview PNG through the artifact GraphQL and HTTP upload
   expect(bodies).toEqual([payload]);
   expect(creates).toBe(1);
   expect(sessionLookups).toBe(1);
-  expect(authorization).toBe('Bearer test-auth');
-  expect(JSON.parse(creationBodies[0]).variables).toEqual(
-    expect.objectContaining({
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-      input: expect.objectContaining({
-        name: 'Screenshot 2026-09-24 08:45:59 UTC',
-        filename: 'my-app-ios-a1b2c3d-2026-09-24T08-45-59-123Z.png',
-        kind: 'screenshot',
-        size: payload.length,
-        metadata: {
-          __eas_type: 'screenshot',
-          appSlug: 'my-app',
-          platform: 'ios',
-          buildId: 'installed-build',
-          gitCommitHash: installedCommit,
-        },
-      }),
-    })
-  );
+  expect(deviceRunSessionToken).toBe('test-device-run-session-token');
+  // The worker API does not return the app slug, so the filename starts with the platform.
+  expect(JSON.parse(creationBodies[0])).toEqual({
+    name: 'Screenshot 2026-09-24 08:45:59 UTC',
+    filename: 'ios-a1b2c3d-2026-09-24T08-45-59-123Z.png',
+    kind: 'screenshot',
+    size: payload.length,
+    metadata: {
+      __eas_type: 'screenshot',
+      platform: 'ios',
+      buildId: 'installed-build',
+      gitCommitHash: installedCommit,
+    },
+  });
   await expect(stat(path.join(directory, filename))).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'ENOENT' });
 });
 
@@ -206,7 +184,7 @@ it('rereads the PNG when the artifact PUT is retried', async () => {
   await expect(stat(path.join(directory, filename))).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'ENOENT' });
 });
 
-it('aborts a stalled GraphQL upload request and keeps the PNG', async () => {
+it('aborts a stalled worker API upload session request and keeps the PNG', async () => {
   stallCreation = true;
   const filename = 'screenshot-2026-09-24T08-45-59-123Z-a1b2c3d4e5f6.png';
   await writeFile(path.join(directory, filename), 'png');

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionUploadHttp.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import type { BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
-import { Client, fetchExchange } from '@urql/core';
 import { createReadStream } from 'node:fs';
 import { mkdir, mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { type IncomingMessage, type ServerResponse, createServer } from 'node:http';
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import { setTimeout as delay } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import type { CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import { uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionArtifacts';
 import { findUnlistedDeviceScreenRecordingsAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 jest.unmock('node-fetch');
 jest.unmock('node:fs');
@@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ let ctx: CustomBuildContext;
 let url: string;
 let directory: string;
 let creates: number;
-let authorization: string | undefined;
+let deviceRunSessionToken: string | string[] | undefined;
 let stallCreation: boolean;
 let creationStarted: ReturnType<typeof deferred<IncomingMessage>>;
 
 beforeEach(async () => {
   creates = 0;
-  authorization = undefined;
+  deviceRunSessionToken = undefined;
   stallCreation = false;
   creationStarted = deferred();
   directory = await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'recording-upload-http-'));
   server = createServer((request, response) => {
-    if (request.url === '/graphql') {
+    if (request.url === '/v2/device-run-session-worker/artifact-upload-sessions') {
       creates++;
-      authorization = request.headers.authorization;
+      deviceRunSessionToken = request.headers[DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER];
       creationStarted.resolve(request);
       request.resume();
       request.on('end', () => {
@@ -63,13 +63,7 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
         response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
         response.end(
           JSON.stringify({
-            data: {
-              deviceRunSession: {
-                createArtifactUploadSession: {
-                  uploadSession: { url: `${url}/artifact`, headers: {} },
-                },
-              },
-            },
+            data: { uploadSession: { url: `${url}/artifact`, headers: {} } },
           })
         );
       });
@@ -84,12 +78,9 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
   }
   url = `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`;
   ctx = {
-    graphqlClient: new Client({
-      url: `${url}/graphql`,
-      exchanges: [fetchExchange],
-      fetchOptions: { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer test-auth' } },
-    }),
-  } as CustomBuildContext;
+    env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: 'test-device-run-session-token' },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: `${url}/v2/`,
+  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 });
 
 afterEach(async () => {
@@ -126,7 +117,7 @@ it('replays the full file after a transient PUT failure without recreating the u
     attempts: 3,
   });
   expect(creates).toBe(1);
-  expect(authorization).toBe('Bearer test-auth');
+  expect(deviceRunSessionToken).toBe('test-device-run-session-token');
   expect(bodies).toEqual([payload, payload]);
   expect(streams).toHaveLength(2);
   expect(streams.every(stream => stream.destroyed)).toBe(true);
@@ -281,7 +272,7 @@ it.each([200, 400, 503])(
   }
 );
 
-it('cancels urql session creation with auth intact and never starts a PUT', async () => {
+it('cancels worker API session creation with the token intact and never starts a PUT', async () => {
   stallCreation = true;
   const puts = jest.fn();
   handle = puts;
@@ -298,7 +289,7 @@ it('cancels urql session creation with auth intact and never starts a PUT', asyn
   controller.abort(new Error('test cancellation'));
   await rejected;
   await closed;
-  expect(authorization).toBe('Bearer test-auth');
+  expect(deviceRunSessionToken).toBe('test-device-run-session-token');
   expect(creates).toBe(1);
   expect(puts).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   expect(openStream).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionWorkerApi.test.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi,
   DeviceRunSessionWorkerApiError,
   getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi,
+  requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi,
 } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 jest.mock('../../../utils/turtleFetch');
@@ -88,6 +89,36 @@ describe(getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe(requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
+  it('returns the client when the job has a device run session token', () => {
+    expect(
+      requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi({
+        env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: TOKEN },
+        expoApiV2BaseUrl: BASE_URL,
+      } as unknown as CustomBuildContext)
+    ).toBeInstanceOf(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi);
+  });
+
+  it('throws a system error when the job has no device run session token', () => {
+    const error = (() => {
+      try {
+        requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi({
+          env: { __API_SERVER_URL: 'https://api.expo.test' },
+          expoApiV2BaseUrl: BASE_URL,
+        } as unknown as CustomBuildContext);
+      } catch (err) {
+        return err;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    })();
+
+    expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SystemError);
+    expect((error as Error).message).toMatch(
+      /^This device run session job has no EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN secret\./
+    );
+  });
+});
+
 describe(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockReset();
@@ -101,7 +132,7 @@ describe(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
       route: 'session',
       json: undefined,
       data: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'in-progress' },
-      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'IN_PROGRESS' },
+      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'in-progress' },
     },
     {
       name: 'startAsync',
@@ -111,7 +142,7 @@ describe(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
       route: 'start',
       json: { remoteConfig: { type: 'agent-device', url: 'https://x.test' } },
       data: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'in-progress' },
-      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'IN_PROGRESS' },
+      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'in-progress' },
     },
     {
       name: 'stopAsync',
@@ -120,7 +151,7 @@ describe(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
       route: 'stop',
       json: undefined,
       data: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'stopped' },
-      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'STOPPED' },
+      expected: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'stopped' },
     },
     {
       name: 'createArtifactUploadSessionAsync',
@@ -217,20 +248,16 @@ describe(DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi, () => {
     }
   );
 
-  it.each([
-    ['new', 'NEW'],
-    ['queued', 'QUEUED'],
-    ['starting', 'STARTING'],
-    ['in-progress', 'IN_PROGRESS'],
-    ['stopped', 'STOPPED'],
-    ['errored', 'ERRORED'],
-  ])('maps the www status %s to the GraphQL status %s', async (wwwStatus, status) => {
-    jest
-      .mocked(turtleFetch)
-      .mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: { id: 'drs-id', status: wwwStatus } }));
+  it.each(['new', 'queued', 'starting', 'in-progress', 'stopped', 'errored'])(
+    'returns the www status %s unchanged',
+    async status => {
+      jest
+        .mocked(turtleFetch)
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: { id: 'drs-id', status } }));
 
-    await expect(createApi().getSessionAsync()).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'drs-id', status });
-  });
+      await expect(createApi().getSessionAsync()).resolves.toEqual({ id: 'drs-id', status });
+    }
+  );
 
   it('rejects an application response without the build field', async () => {
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: { platform: 'ios' } }));

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceRunSessionWorkerApiCallers.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
-import { BuildRuntimePlatform, type BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
+import { BuildRuntimePlatform } from '@expo/steps';
 import fetch from 'node-fetch';
 import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
 import { setImmediate } from 'node:timers/promises';
@@ -105,8 +105,6 @@ async function waitForCallAsync(mock: jest.Mock): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
-const env = { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_ID: 'drs-id' } as unknown as BuildStepEnv;
-
 const eventSource = {
   producer: 'test-producer',
   findEventFilesAsync: async () => [],
@@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ describe('with a device run session token', () => {
       })
     );
 
-    const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { env, logger });
+    const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { logger });
 
     expect(args).toEqual([
       '--stun-url',
@@ -426,29 +424,38 @@ describe('with a device run session token', () => {
 });
 
 describe('without a device run session token', () => {
-  it('polls the session status with GraphQL', async () => {
+  const MISSING_TOKEN_MESSAGE =
+    /^This device run session job has no EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN secret\./;
+
+  function expectMissingTokenError(error: unknown): void {
+    expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SystemError);
+    expect((error as Error).message).toMatch(MISSING_TOKEN_MESSAGE);
+  }
+
+  function expectMissingTokenWarning(message: string): void {
+    const warning = (jest.mocked(logger.warn).mock.calls as unknown[][]).find(
+      ([, warningMessage]) => warningMessage === message
+    );
+    expect(warning).toBeDefined();
+    expectMissingTokenError((warning![0] as { err: unknown }).err);
+  }
+
+  it('fails the status poll with a system error', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest
-      .mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.query)
-      .mockReturnValueOnce(
-        graphqlResult({ deviceRunSessions: { byId: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'STOPPED' } } }) as never
-      );
 
-    await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({ ctx, deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id', logger });
-
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
+    const error = await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+      ctx,
       deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-    });
+      logger,
+    }).catch(err => err);
+
+    expectMissingTokenError(error);
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('stops an idle session with GraphQL', async () => {
+  it('logs the failed idle stop and ends the wait', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSession: { ensureDeviceRunSessionStopped: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'STOPPED' } },
-      }) as never
-    );
 
     await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
       ctx,
@@ -457,65 +464,43 @@ describe('without a device run session token', () => {
       idleTimeout: { maxIdleTimeMinutes: 0, getLastEventObservedAt: () => undefined },
     });
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-    });
+    expectMissingTokenWarning(
+      'Could not mark device run session drs-id as stopped. The session job ends anyway.'
+    );
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('starts the session with GraphQL', async () => {
+  it('fails the start with a system error', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSession: { startDeviceRunSession: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'IN_PROGRESS' } },
-      }) as never
-    );
 
-    await uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync({
+    const error = await uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync({
       ctx,
       deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
       remoteConfig: { type: 'agent-device' },
       logger,
-    });
+    }).catch(err => err);
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-      remoteConfig: { type: 'agent-device' },
-    });
+    expectMissingTokenError(error);
+    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to no TURN ICE servers', async () => {
+    const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
+
+    await expect(fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { logger })).resolves.toEqual([]);
+
+    expectMissingTokenWarning(
+      'Could not fetch Cloudflare TURN ICE servers; the web preview will fall back to P2P/STUN.'
+    );
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('fetches TURN ICE servers from the device run sessions route with the robot token', async () => {
+  it('fails the artifact upload with a system error before any PUT', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(jsonResponse({ data: { iceServers: [] } }));
 
-    await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { env, logger });
-
-    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-sessions/drs-id/turn-ice-servers',
-      'POST',
-      expect.objectContaining({
-        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${ROBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN}` },
-        timeout: 5000,
-        retries: 1,
-      })
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('creates artifact upload sessions with GraphQL', async () => {
-    const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createArtifactUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: { url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/artifact', headers: {} },
-          },
-        },
-      }) as never
-    );
-    jest.mocked(fetch).mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('', { status: 200 }));
-
-    await uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(ctx, {
+    const error = await uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(ctx, {
       deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
       artifactId: 'artifact-id',
       name: 'Report',
@@ -523,23 +508,16 @@ describe('without a device run session token', () => {
       kind: undefined,
       size: 4,
       openStream: () => Readable.from(Buffer.from('data')),
-    });
+    }).catch(err => err);
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expectMissingTokenError(error);
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jest.mocked(fetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('creates the event log upload session with GraphQL', async () => {
+  it('runs the session without persisting events', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createEventLogUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: { url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/events', headers: {} },
-          },
-        },
-      }) as never
-    );
 
     const collection = await startDeviceRunSessionEventCollectionAsync({
       ctx,
@@ -549,24 +527,14 @@ describe('without a device run session token', () => {
     });
     await collection.stopAsync();
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
-      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
-    });
+    expectMissingTokenWarning('Could not persist device run session events to the artifact.');
+    expect(jest.mocked(RemoteLoggerStream)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('creates the preview upload session with GraphQL', async () => {
+  it('logs the failed preview upload session and uploads no preview', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createPreviewUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: { url: 'https://uploads.expo.test/preview', headers: {} },
-          },
-        },
-      }) as never
-    );
-    jest.mocked(fetch).mockResolvedValue(new Response('', { status: 200 }));
 
     const preview = startDeviceRunSessionPreview({
       ctx,
@@ -574,29 +542,25 @@ describe('without a device run session token', () => {
       captureAsync: async () => Buffer.from('webp'),
       logger,
     });
-    await waitForCallAsync(jest.mocked(fetch));
+    await waitForCallAsync(jest.mocked(logger.warn));
     await preview.stopAsync();
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expectMissingTokenWarning('Could not refresh the session preview; retrying in 60 seconds.');
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(jest.mocked(fetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('loads the screenshot naming details with GraphQL', async () => {
+  it('names screenshots with capture timestamps', async () => {
     const ctx = createCtx({ withToken: false });
-    jest.mocked(ctx.graphqlClient.query).mockReturnValueOnce(
-      graphqlResult({
-        deviceRunSessions: {
-          byId: { platform: 'ANDROID', app: { slug: 'app' }, build: null },
-        },
-      }) as never
-    );
 
-    await expect(loadScreenshotSessionAsync(ctx, 'drs-id', logger)).resolves.toEqual({
-      platform: 'ANDROID',
-      app: { slug: 'app' },
-      build: null,
-    });
+    await expect(loadScreenshotSessionAsync(ctx, 'drs-id', logger)).resolves.toBeNull();
+
+    expectMissingTokenWarning(
+      'Could not load screenshot session details; using capture timestamps.'
+    );
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it('looks up the build archive URL with GraphQL', async () => {

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/deviceSessionHost.test.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import { IosSimulatorUtils } from '../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
 import { verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync } from '../localEgressGuard';
 import { type ServeSimApplicationOptions } from '../remoteDeviceRunSession';
 
+import { readLocalEgressHandoffAsync } from '../localEgress';
 import { runServeSimActionAsync, stageServeSimAppAsync } from '../serveSimActions';
+import { startServeSimActivityPolling } from '../serveSimActivity';
 import { readServeSimServersAsync } from '../serveSimMetricsRecorder';
 import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
 import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
@@ -44,6 +46,11 @@ jest.mock('../../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils', () => ({
 }));
 jest.mock('../localEgressGuard', () => ({ verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync: jest.fn() }));
 jest.mock('../serveSimActions');
+jest.mock('../serveSimActivity');
+jest.mock('../localEgress', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../localEgress'),
+  readLocalEgressHandoffAsync: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+}));
 jest.mock('../deviceRunSessionArtifacts');
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
 jest.mock('../serveSimMetricsRecorder', () => ({
@@ -129,6 +136,7 @@ beforeEach(() => {
   jest.clearAllMocks();
   jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.disableApsdAsync).mockReset().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
   jest.mocked(verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync).mockReset().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+  jest.mocked(readLocalEgressHandoffAsync).mockReset().mockResolvedValue(null);
   stopSessionPreview.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
   jest.mocked(startDeviceRunSessionPreview).mockReturnValue({ stopAsync: stopSessionPreview });
   jest.mocked(ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
@@ -452,6 +460,62 @@ it('starts the readiness budget after refusals that exceed the normal startup de
   await rejected;
 });
 
+it('reports preview activity from serve-sim on iOS and stops polling when finished', async () => {
+  const observedAt = new Date('2026-10-19T12:00:00Z');
+  const stopActivity = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+  jest.mocked(startServeSimActivityPolling).mockReturnValue({
+    getLastActivityObservedAt: () => observedAt,
+    stopAsync: stopActivity,
+  });
+  const host = await startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
+    runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+    env,
+    logger,
+    timeoutMs: 10_000,
+  });
+  const port = Number(
+    jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].args[
+      jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0].args.indexOf('--port') + 1
+    ]
+  );
+
+  expect(startServeSimActivityPolling).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+    port,
+    token: 'preview-token',
+    logger: expect.anything(),
+  });
+  expect(host.getLastPreviewActivityAt()).toBe(observedAt);
+
+  await host.finishAsync();
+  expect(stopActivity).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+});
+
+it('does not start polling preview activity when startup is cancelled', async () => {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  jest.mocked(IosSimulatorUtils.disableApsdAsync).mockImplementation(async () => {
+    controller.abort(new Error('cancelled'));
+  });
+  await expect(
+    startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+      iosSimulatorUdid: 'emulator-5554',
+      env,
+      logger,
+      timeoutMs: 10_000,
+      signal: controller.signal,
+    })
+  ).rejects.toThrow();
+  expect(startServeSimActivityPolling).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+});
+
+it('reports no preview activity on Android, where expo-device-hub keeps no event log', async () => {
+  const host = await startHostAsync();
+
+  expect(startServeSimActivityPolling).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  expect(host.getLastPreviewActivityAt()).toBeUndefined();
+  await host.finishAsync();
+});
+
 it('stops a host that became ready on a different Simulator', async () => {
   await expect(
     startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
@@ -1319,6 +1383,35 @@ it('uses the existing step logger for startup and shutdown output', async () =>
   ).toBe(false);
 });
 
+it('passes the active local-egress address to serve-sim without tunnel credentials', async () => {
+  jest.mocked(readLocalEgressHandoffAsync).mockResolvedValue({
+    port: 8899,
+    url: 'https://tunnel.example',
+    token: 'tunnel-secret',
+    fingerprint: 'fingerprint',
+  });
+  const host = await startDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
+    runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+    env,
+    logger,
+    timeoutMs: 10_000,
+    networkCapture: true,
+  });
+  const spawned = jest.mocked(spawnDetached).mock.calls[0][0];
+  expect(spawned.args).toEqual(
+    expect.arrayContaining(['--network-capture-proxy', 'http://127.0.0.1:8899'])
+  );
+  expect(spawned.args).toContain('--network-capture');
+  expect(JSON.stringify(spawned)).not.toContain('tunnel-secret');
+  await host.finishAsync();
+});
+
+it('does not read the iOS egress handoff for an Android host', async () => {
+  const host = await startHostAsync();
+  expect(readLocalEgressHandoffAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  await host.finishAsync();
+});
+
 it.each([true, false])(
   'waits for setup before launch or boot-only readiness (app: %s)',
   async hasApp => {

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/preinstalledWda.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 
+import * as processes from '../../../utils/processes';
 import { preparePreinstalledWdaAsync } from '../preinstalledWda';
 
 jest.mock('@expo/turtle-spawn', () => ({ __esModule: true, default: jest.fn() }));
@@ -78,3 +79,37 @@ it('does not enable preinstalled startup when the download produces no runner',
   jest.mocked(spawn).mockResolvedValue({ stdout: '' } as never);
   await expect(preparePreinstalledWdaAsync(options)).resolves.toEqual({});
 });
+
+it('drains an aborted WDA downloader before removing its partial artifact', async () => {
+  await fs.promises.mkdir(outdir, { recursive: true });
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  const error = new Error('Simulator startup failed');
+  const child = { pid: 12345, kill: jest.fn() };
+  let closeDownloader!: (error: Error) => void;
+  jest.mocked(spawn).mockReturnValueOnce(
+    Object.assign(
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        closeDownloader = reject;
+      }),
+      { child }
+    ) as never
+  );
+  const killGroup = jest.spyOn(processes, 'killProcessGroup').mockImplementation(() => {});
+  const running = preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({ ...options, signal: controller.signal });
+  const settled = jest.fn();
+  const observed = running.then(settled, settled);
+  try {
+    controller.abort(error);
+    expect(killGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(child, 'SIGKILL');
+    expect(settled).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(fs.existsSync(outdir)).toBe(true);
+    closeDownloader(new Error('download interrupted'));
+    await expect(running).rejects.toBe(error);
+    expect(fs.existsSync(outdir)).toBe(false);
+    expect(logger.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  } finally {
+    closeDownloader(error);
+    await observed;
+    killGroup.mockRestore();
+  }
+});

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/remoteDeviceRunSession.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { UserError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+import { SystemError, UserError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform, BuildStepEnv, BuildStepInputValueTypeName } from '@expo/steps';
 import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { createGlobalContextMock } from '../../../__tests__/utils/context';
 import { CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
 import { Sentry } from '../../../sentry';
 import { turtleFetch } from '../../../utils/turtleFetch';
+import * as processes from '../../../utils/processes';
 import {
   IosSimulatorRecordingUtils,
   SERVE_SIM_STOP_GRACE_PERIOD_MS,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import * as remoteDeviceRunSession from '../remoteDeviceRunSession';
 import { readServeSimServersAsync } from '../serveSimMetricsRecorder';
 import { sleepAsync } from '../../../utils/retry';
 import { uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync } from '../deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 import {
   createCorsOriginsInputProvider,
   createFrameAncestorsInputProvider,
@@ -154,73 +156,70 @@ describe(spawnDetached, () => {
   );
 });
 
-function createCtxMock(): CustomBuildContext {
+const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN = 'device-run-session-token';
+const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_URL = 'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-session-worker/';
+
+function createCtxMock({ withToken = true }: { withToken?: boolean } = {}): CustomBuildContext {
   return {
     env: {
       __API_SERVER_URL: 'https://api.expo.test',
+      ...(withToken ? { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN } : {}),
     },
+    expoApiV2BaseUrl: 'https://api.expo.test/v2/',
     job: {
       secrets: { robotAccessToken: 'robot-token' },
     },
   } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
 }
 
+/** A successful device run session worker API response with the `{ data }` body. */
+function workerApiResponse(data: unknown): Awaited<ReturnType<typeof turtleFetch>> {
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    status: 200,
+    json: async () => ({ data }),
+  } as unknown as Awaited<ReturnType<typeof turtleFetch>>;
+}
+
+/** The number of device run session worker API requests to the route. */
+function workerApiCallCount(route: string): number {
+  return jest
+    .mocked(turtleFetch)
+    .mock.calls.filter(([url]) => url === `${DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_URL}${route}`).length;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serves session status polls from `results` in order, and idle stops, through the device run
+ * session worker API.
+ */
 function createStatusCtxMock(
   results: (
-    | { status: 'NEW' | 'IN_PROGRESS' | 'STOPPED' | 'ERRORED' }
+    | { status: 'new' | 'in-progress' | 'stopped' | 'errored' }
     | { error: Error }
     | { data: unknown }
   )[],
-  { ensureStoppedError }: { ensureStoppedError?: Error } = {}
+  { stopError }: { stopError?: Error } = {}
 ): CustomBuildContext {
-  const query = jest.fn(() => {
+  jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(async url => {
+    if (url === `${DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_URL}stop`) {
+      if (stopError) {
+        throw stopError;
+      }
+      return workerApiResponse({ id: 'drs-id', status: 'stopped' });
+    }
     const result = results.shift();
     if (!result) {
       throw new Error('No mocked status result available');
     }
-    return {
-      toPromise: async () => {
-        if ('error' in result) {
-          throw result.error;
-        }
-        if ('data' in result) {
-          return { data: result.data };
-        }
-        return {
-          data: {
-            deviceRunSessions: {
-              byId: {
-                id: 'drs-id',
-                status: result.status,
-              },
-            },
-          },
-        };
-      },
-    };
+    if ('error' in result) {
+      throw result.error;
+    }
+    if ('data' in result) {
+      return workerApiResponse(result.data);
+    }
+    return workerApiResponse({ id: 'drs-id', status: result.status });
   });
-
-  const mutation = jest.fn(() => ({
-    toPromise: async () => {
-      if (ensureStoppedError) {
-        return { error: ensureStoppedError };
-      }
-      return {
-        data: {
-          deviceRunSession: {
-            ensureDeviceRunSessionStopped: { id: 'drs-id', status: 'STOPPED' },
-          },
-        },
-      };
-    },
-  }));
-
-  return {
-    graphqlClient: {
-      query,
-      mutation,
-    },
-  } as unknown as CustomBuildContext;
+  return createCtxMock();
 }
 
 function createEnvMock(): BuildStepEnv {
@@ -662,6 +661,14 @@ describe(createServeSimArgs, () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('passes a capture proxy as one argument, including when capture will be enabled later', () => {
+    const proxy = 'http://user:p%40ss%[email protected]:8899';
+    const args = createServeSimArgs({ port: 4321, networkCaptureProxy: proxy });
+    expect(args.slice(-2)).toEqual(['--network-capture-proxy', proxy]);
+    expect(args).not.toContain('--network-capture');
+    expect(createServeSimArgs({ port: 4321 })).not.toContain('--network-capture-proxy');
+  });
+
   it('appends --network-capture when enabled, which also covers an already booted simulator', () => {
     const args = createServeSimArgs({ port: 4321, networkCapture: true });
     expect(args).toContain('--network-capture');
@@ -1098,6 +1105,8 @@ describe(startDeviceSessionHostAsync, () => {
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockImplementation(async url => {
       if (url.endsWith('/turn-ice-servers')) {
         return {
+          ok: true,
+          status: 200,
           json: async () => ({
             data: {
               iceServers: [
@@ -1595,24 +1604,21 @@ describe(fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync, () => {
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockReset();
   });
 
-  it('requests TURN ICE servers from the device run session endpoint and returns web preview args', async () => {
-    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValue({
-      json: async () => ({
-        data: {
-          iceServers: [
-            { urls: ['stun:stun.cloudflare.com:3478'] },
-            {
-              urls: ['turns:turn.cloudflare.com:443?transport=tcp'],
-              username: 'u',
-              credential: 'c',
-            },
-          ],
-        },
-      }),
-    } as unknown as Awaited<ReturnType<typeof turtleFetch>>);
+  it('requests TURN ICE servers from the device run session worker API and returns web preview args', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockResolvedValue(
+      workerApiResponse({
+        iceServers: [
+          { urls: ['stun:stun.cloudflare.com:3478'] },
+          {
+            urls: ['turns:turn.cloudflare.com:443?transport=tcp'],
+            username: 'u',
+            credential: 'c',
+          },
+        ],
+      })
+    );
 
     const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(createCtxMock(), {
-      env: createEnvMock(),
       logger: createLoggerMock(),
     });
 
@@ -1627,10 +1633,10 @@ describe(fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync, () => {
       'c',
     ]);
     expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      'https://api.expo.test/v2/device-run-sessions/drs-id/turn-ice-servers',
+      `${DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_URL}turn-ice-servers`,
       'POST',
       expect.objectContaining({
-        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer robot-token' },
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
       })
     );
   });
@@ -1639,15 +1645,33 @@ describe(fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync, () => {
     jest.mocked(turtleFetch).mockRejectedValue(new Error('boom'));
     const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
-    const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(createCtxMock(), {
-      env: createEnvMock(),
-      logger,
-    });
+    const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(createCtxMock(), { logger });
 
     expect(args).toEqual([]);
     expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(jest.mocked(Sentry).capture).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
+
+  it('returns [] and warns when the job has no device run session token', async () => {
+    const logger = createLoggerMock();
+
+    const args = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(createCtxMock({ withToken: false }), {
+      logger,
+    });
+
+    expect(args).toEqual([]);
+    expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      {
+        err: expect.objectContaining({
+          message: expect.stringMatching(
+            /^This device run session job has no EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN secret\./
+          ),
+        }),
+      },
+      'Could not fetch Cloudflare TURN ICE servers; the web preview will fall back to P2P/STUN.'
+    );
+    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });
 
 describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
@@ -1663,7 +1687,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
   });
 
   it('continues polling until the device run session is stopped', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'IN_PROGRESS' }, { status: 'STOPPED' }]);
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'in-progress' }, { status: 'stopped' }]);
     const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
     await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -1672,13 +1696,59 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       logger,
     });
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(2);
     expect(logger.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Device run session drs-id was stopped.');
     expect(setTimeoutCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('polls the session status through the worker API with the abort signal', async () => {
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'stopped' }]);
+
+    await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+      ctx,
+      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    });
+
+    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      `${DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_URL}session`,
+      'GET',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        headers: { [DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER]: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN },
+        signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+        timeout: 30_000,
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('keeps polling while the session status is new', async () => {
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'new' }, { status: 'stopped' }]);
+
+    await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+      ctx,
+      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    });
+
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('fails with a system error when the job has no device run session token', async () => {
+    const error = await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+      ctx: createCtxMock({ withToken: false }),
+      deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    }).catch(err => err);
+
+    expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(SystemError);
+    expect(error.message).toMatch(
+      /^This device run session job has no EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN secret\./
+    );
+    expect(jest.mocked(turtleFetch)).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('returns normally when the maximum duration elapses', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'IN_PROGRESS' }]);
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'in-progress' }]);
     const logger = createLoggerMock();
     const waitPromise = waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
       ctx,
@@ -1692,7 +1762,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
     durationTimeoutCallback();
     await waitPromise;
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(1);
     expect(logger.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'Device run session drs-id reached its maximum duration.'
     );
@@ -1701,7 +1771,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
 
   it('clears the duration timeout when the session stops first', async () => {
     await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
-      ctx: createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'STOPPED' }]),
+      ctx: createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'stopped' }]),
       deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
       logger: createLoggerMock(),
       maxDurationSeconds: 30,
@@ -1723,12 +1793,12 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       signal: abortController.signal,
     });
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(0);
     expect(setTimeoutCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it('throws when the device run session errors', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'ERRORED' }]);
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'errored' }]);
 
     await expect(
       waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -1742,7 +1812,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
   });
 
   it('clears the duration timeout when the build step is aborted', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'IN_PROGRESS' }]);
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ status: 'in-progress' }]);
     const abortController = new AbortController();
     const waitPromise = waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
       ctx,
@@ -1755,12 +1825,12 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
     abortController.abort();
     await waitPromise;
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(1);
     expect(clearTimeoutCallback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(durationTimeout);
   });
 
   it('logs and retries transient polling errors', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ error: new Error('network down') }, { status: 'STOPPED' }]);
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ error: new Error('network down') }, { status: 'stopped' }]);
     const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
     await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -1769,7 +1839,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       logger,
     });
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(2);
     expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({ failedStatusPollCount: 1 }),
       'Could not poll device run session status; will retry.'
@@ -1781,11 +1851,8 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('logs and retries when the status response is missing', async () => {
-    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([
-      { data: { deviceRunSessions: { byId: null } } },
-      { status: 'STOPPED' },
-    ]);
+  it('logs and retries when the status response does not match the route contract', async () => {
+    const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([{ data: { id: 'drs-id' } }, { status: 'stopped' }]);
     const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
     await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -1794,7 +1861,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       logger,
     });
 
-    expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(2);
     expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({ failedStatusPollCount: 1 }),
       'Could not poll device run session status; will retry.'
@@ -1802,7 +1869,9 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
     expect(jest.mocked(Sentry).capture).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'Could not poll device run session status',
       expect.objectContaining({
-        message: 'Device run session drs-id status response was missing.',
+        message: expect.stringContaining(
+          'GET /v2/device-run-session-worker/session returned an unexpected response'
+        ),
       }),
       { level: 'warning' }
     );
@@ -1823,8 +1892,8 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       jest.useRealTimers();
     });
 
-    function manyInProgressStatuses(): { status: 'IN_PROGRESS' }[] {
-      return Array.from({ length: 20 }, () => ({ status: 'IN_PROGRESS' as const }));
+    function manyInProgressStatuses(): { status: 'in-progress' }[] {
+      return Array.from({ length: 20 }, () => ({ status: 'in-progress' as const }));
     }
 
     it('stops the session when no activity is observed within the max idle time', async () => {
@@ -1842,15 +1911,15 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
       });
 
       // One minute at the 5-second poll interval is 12 status polls.
-      expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(12);
-      expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(12);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('stop')).toBe(1);
       expect(logger.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         'Device run session drs-id had no activity for 1 minute(s) (max idle time). Stopping the session.'
       );
     });
 
     it('keeps the session alive while events keep arriving', async () => {
-      const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([...manyInProgressStatuses(), { status: 'STOPPED' }]);
+      const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([...manyInProgressStatuses(), { status: 'stopped' }]);
       const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
       await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -1865,14 +1934,55 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
         },
       });
 
-      expect(ctx.graphqlClient.query).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(21);
-      expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(21);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('stop')).toBe(0);
       expect(logger.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Device run session drs-id was stopped.');
     });
 
+    it('keeps the session alive while preview input keeps arriving', async () => {
+      const ctx = createStatusCtxMock([...manyInProgressStatuses(), { status: 'stopped' }]);
+      const logger = createLoggerMock();
+
+      await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+        ctx,
+        deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
+        logger,
+        idleTimeout: {
+          maxIdleTimeMinutes: 1,
+          getLastEventObservedAt: () => undefined,
+          getLastPreviewActivityAt: () => new Date(),
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(21);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('stop')).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('counts idle time from the later of automation and preview activity', async () => {
+      const ctx = createStatusCtxMock(manyInProgressStatuses());
+      const logger = createLoggerMock();
+      const previewInputAt = new Date(Date.now() + 30_000);
+
+      await waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
+        ctx,
+        deviceRunSessionId: 'drs-id',
+        logger,
+        idleTimeout: {
+          maxIdleTimeMinutes: 1,
+          getLastEventObservedAt: () => undefined,
+          getLastPreviewActivityAt: () =>
+            Date.now() >= previewInputAt.getTime() ? previewInputAt : undefined,
+        },
+      });
+
+      // Idle from 30 s, so the stop comes at 90 s: 18 polls.
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('session')).toBe(18);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('stop')).toBe(1);
+    });
+
     it('still returns when the session cannot be marked stopped', async () => {
       const ctx = createStatusCtxMock(manyInProgressStatuses(), {
-        ensureStoppedError: new Error('forbidden'),
+        stopError: new Error('forbidden'),
       });
       const logger = createLoggerMock();
 
@@ -1886,7 +1996,7 @@ describe(waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync, () => {
         },
       });
 
-      expect(ctx.graphqlClient.mutation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(workerApiCallCount('stop')).toBe(1);
       expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         { err: expect.any(Error) },
         'Could not mark device run session drs-id as stopped. The session job ends anyway.'
@@ -2075,6 +2185,105 @@ describe(ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync, () => {
     expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
   });
 
+  it('retries one aborted FFmpeg install for two surviving shared callers after it drains', async () => {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const error = new Error('Simulator startup failed');
+    const child = { pid: 12345, kill: jest.fn() };
+    let closeInstaller!: (error: Error) => void;
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValueOnce(
+      Object.assign(
+        new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+          closeInstaller = reject;
+        }),
+        { child }
+      ) as never
+    );
+    let finishReplacement!: () => void;
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        finishReplacement = resolve;
+      }) as never
+    );
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValue(spawnResolved());
+    const killGroup = jest.spyOn(processes, 'killProcessGroup').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    const options = {
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+      env: createPathEnv(),
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    };
+    const owner = ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ ...options, signal: controller.signal });
+    const surviving = [
+      ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync(options),
+      ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ ...options, signal: new AbortController().signal }),
+    ];
+    const settled = jest.fn();
+    const observed = owner.then(settled, settled);
+    const borrowersSettled = jest.fn();
+    const observedBorrowers = Promise.all(surviving).then(borrowersSettled, borrowersSettled);
+    try {
+      await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+      controller.abort(error);
+      expect(killGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(child, 'SIGKILL');
+      expect(settled).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      closeInstaller(new Error('brew interrupted'));
+      await expect(owner).rejects.toBe(error);
+      await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      expect(borrowersSettled).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      finishReplacement();
+      await expect(Promise.all(surviving)).resolves.toEqual([undefined, undefined]);
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(...warmUpCall);
+      expect(options.logger.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      closeInstaller?.(error);
+      finishReplacement();
+      await Promise.all([observed, observedBorrowers]);
+      killGroup.mockRestore();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('stops an aborted shared waiter without cancelling the installer owner', async () => {
+    let finishInstall!: () => void;
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        finishInstall = resolve;
+      }) as never
+    );
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValue(spawnResolved());
+    const killGroup = jest.spyOn(processes, 'killProcessGroup').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const error = new Error('Appium startup failed');
+    const options = {
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+      env: createPathEnv(),
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    };
+    const owner = ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync(options);
+    let ownerFinished = false;
+    const observedOwner = owner.then(() => {
+      ownerFinished = true;
+    });
+    const waiter = ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ ...options, signal: controller.signal });
+    const observedWaiter = waiter.catch(() => {});
+    try {
+      await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+      controller.abort(error);
+      await expect(waiter).rejects.toBe(error);
+      expect(ownerFinished).toBe(false);
+      expect(killGroup).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      finishInstall();
+      await expect(owner).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+      expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(...warmUpCall);
+    } finally {
+      finishInstall();
+      await Promise.all([observedOwner, observedWaiter]);
+      killGroup.mockRestore();
+    }
+  });
+
   it('still installs on linux when the apt index refresh fails', async () => {
     spawnMock
       .mockReturnValueOnce(spawnRejected()) // apt-get update
@@ -2112,6 +2321,30 @@ describe(ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync, () => {
     expect(jest.mocked(Sentry).capture).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('does not retry an ordinary shared FFmpeg install failure', async () => {
+    let failInstall!: (error: Error) => void;
+    spawnMock.mockReturnValueOnce(
+      new Promise((_resolve, reject) => {
+        failInstall = reject;
+      }) as never
+    );
+    const options = {
+      runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN,
+      env: createPathEnv(),
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+    };
+    const callers = [
+      ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync(options),
+      ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync(options),
+      ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ ...options, signal: new AbortController().signal }),
+    ];
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+    failInstall(new Error('Homebrew unavailable'));
+    await expect(Promise.all(callers)).resolves.toEqual([undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    expect(spawnMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(options.logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
   // The caller runs this with `void` and the worker installs no unhandledRejection
   // handler, so a rejection here would crash the process. `spawn` is not async and
   // can throw synchronously, which `asyncResult` cannot catch.

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/serveSimActivity.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
+import { once } from 'node:events';
+import http from 'node:http';
+
+import { fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync, startServeSimActivityPolling } from '../serveSimActivity';
+
+const token = 'test-session-token';
+let server: http.Server;
+let port: number;
+let events: { id: number }[];
+let status: number;
+let requests: { url?: string; authorization?: string }[];
+let rawBody: string | undefined;
+
+function createLoggerMock(): bunyan {
+  return { info: jest.fn(), warn: jest.fn() } as unknown as bunyan;
+}
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  events = [];
+  status = 200;
+  requests = [];
+  rawBody = undefined;
+  server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+    requests.push({ url: req.url, authorization: req.headers.authorization });
+    res.writeHead(status, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
+    res.end(rawBody ?? JSON.stringify({ events: events.slice(-1) }));
+  });
+  server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1');
+  await once(server, 'listening');
+  port = (server.address() as { port: number }).port;
+});
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.close(() => resolve()));
+});
+
+describe(fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync, () => {
+  it('reads the newest event ID with the session token', async () => {
+    events = [{ id: 3 }, { id: 7 }];
+    await expect(fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({ port, token })).resolves.toBe(7);
+    expect(requests).toEqual([{ url: '/api/event-log?limit=1', authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }]);
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when serve-sim has logged no event', async () => {
+    await expect(fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({ port, token })).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['unparseable JSON', 'not json'],
+    ['a body without an events array', '{}'],
+    ['an entry without a numeric ID', '{"events":[{"id":"7"}]}'],
+  ])('rejects %s', async (_, body) => {
+    rawBody = body;
+    await expect(fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({ port, token })).rejects.toThrow(
+      'serve-sim event log'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('rejects a refused request', async () => {
+    status = 401;
+    await expect(fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({ port, token })).rejects.toThrow('401');
+  });
+});
+
+describe(startServeSimActivityPolling, () => {
+  async function waitForRequestsAsync(count: number): Promise<void> {
+    while (requests.length < count) {
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 5));
+    }
+  }
+
+  it('reports activity only when a new event appears', async () => {
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({
+      port,
+      token,
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+      pollIntervalMs: 10,
+    });
+    try {
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(2);
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).toBeUndefined();
+
+      events = [{ id: 1 }];
+      const before = Date.now();
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      const firstSeen = polling.getLastActivityObservedAt();
+      expect(firstSeen?.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).toBe(firstSeen);
+
+      events = [{ id: 1 }, { id: 2 }];
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).not.toBe(firstSeen);
+    } finally {
+      await polling.stopAsync();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('reports current activity while the event log fails, and warns once', async () => {
+    status = 500;
+    const logger = createLoggerMock();
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({ port, token, logger, pollIntervalMs: 10 });
+    try {
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(3);
+      expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const before = Date.now();
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()?.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+
+      status = 200;
+      events = [{ id: 4 }];
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      const observedAt = polling.getLastActivityObservedAt();
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).toBe(observedAt);
+    } finally {
+      await polling.stopAsync();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the last observation while serve-sim refuses connections', async () => {
+    await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.close(() => resolve()));
+    server = http.createServer();
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({
+      port,
+      token,
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+      pollIntervalMs: 10,
+    });
+    try {
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await polling.stopAsync();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('reports current activity when serve-sim drops the connection mid-response', async () => {
+    server.removeAllListeners('request');
+    server.on('request', (req, res) => {
+      requests.push({ url: req.url });
+      res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Content-Length': '100' });
+      res.write('{"events":');
+      setImmediate(() => res.socket?.destroy());
+    });
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({
+      port,
+      token,
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+      pollIntervalMs: 10,
+    });
+    try {
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(3);
+      const before = Date.now();
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()?.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+    } finally {
+      await polling.stopAsync();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('reports current activity while serve-sim answers without an event log', async () => {
+    status = 404;
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({
+      port,
+      token,
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+      pollIntervalMs: 10,
+    });
+    try {
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(2);
+      const before = Date.now();
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()?.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+
+      status = 200;
+      await waitForRequestsAsync(requests.length + 2);
+      expect(polling.getLastActivityObservedAt()).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await polling.stopAsync();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('stops polling after stopAsync', async () => {
+    const polling = startServeSimActivityPolling({
+      port,
+      token,
+      logger: createLoggerMock(),
+      pollIntervalMs: 10,
+    });
+    await waitForRequestsAsync(1);
+    await polling.stopAsync();
+    const count = requests.length;
+    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+    expect(requests.length).toBe(count);
+  });
+});

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/__tests__/serveSimLogsHttp.test.ts

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../../customBuildContext';
+import { DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER } from '../deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 import { uploadServeSimLogsFileAsync } from '../serveSimLogsArtifacts';
 import { streamServeSimLogsToFileAsync } from '../serveSimLogsRecorder';
 
 // This test exercises actual sockets, UTF-8 decoding, files, and PUT uploads.
-// Only WWW's allocation response is substituted; it does not verify cloud storage.
+// WWW's device run session worker API is served by the local server; it does not verify cloud
+// storage.
 jest.mock('../../../sentry');
 jest.unmock('fs');
 jest.unmock('node:fs');
@@ -55,7 +57,29 @@ it('streams selected-device logs into NDJSON and uploads the exact bytes as a se
   let streamRequest: { url?: string; authorization?: string } | undefined;
   let uploaded: Buffer | undefined;
   let uploadedLength: string | undefined;
+  let uploadSessionRequest: { token?: string | string[]; body: unknown } | undefined;
   server.on('request', (request, response) => {
+    if (request.url === '/v2/device-run-session-worker/artifact-upload-sessions') {
+      const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+      request.on('data', chunk => chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk)));
+      request.on('end', () => {
+        uploadSessionRequest = {
+          token: request.headers[DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER],
+          body: JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString('utf8')),
+        };
+        response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }).end(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            data: {
+              uploadSession: {
+                url: `${baseUrl}/upload`,
+                headers: { 'Content-Length': String(expected.length) },
+              },
+            },
+          })
+        );
+      });
+      return;
+    }
     if (request.method === 'GET') {
       streamRequest = { url: request.url, authorization: request.headers.authorization };
       response.writeHead(200, {
@@ -95,27 +119,16 @@ it('streams selected-device logs into NDJSON and uploads the exact bytes as a se
   });
   expect(await readFile(filePath)).toEqual(expected);
 
-  const mutation = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-    toPromise: async () => ({
-      data: {
-        deviceRunSession: {
-          createArtifactUploadSession: {
-            uploadSession: {
-              url: `${baseUrl}/upload`,
-              headers: { 'Content-Length': String(expected.length) },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      },
-    }),
-  });
   await uploadServeSimLogsFileAsync(
-    { graphqlClient: { mutation } } as unknown as CustomBuildContext,
+    {
+      env: { EAS_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN: 'device-run-session-token' },
+      expoApiV2BaseUrl: `${baseUrl}/v2/`,
+    } as unknown as CustomBuildContext,
     { deviceRunSessionId: 'session-test', udid: 'device-B', filePath, logger }
   );
-  expect(mutation.mock.calls[0][1]).toEqual({
-    deviceRunSessionId: 'session-test',
-    input: {
+  expect(uploadSessionRequest).toEqual({
+    token: 'device-run-session-token',
+    body: {
       name: 'App logs (device-B)',
       filename: 'app-logs.ndjson',
       kind: 'simulator-log',

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/android/GooglePlayUtils.ts

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ export namespace GooglePlayUtils {
             signal?.throwIfAborted();
             return isUploadStillProcessing(error);
           },
-          { retries: 5, factor: 2, minTimeout: 2000, maxTimeout: 32_000 },
+          { retries: 13, factor: 2, minTimeout: 2000, maxTimeout: 32_000 },
           ({ attemptNumber, maxAttemptsCount }) => {
             logger.warn(
               `Google Play is still processing the uploaded bundle. Retrying the same edit commit (attempt ${attemptNumber}/${maxAttemptsCount}).`
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ export namespace GooglePlayUtils {
       } catch (error) {
         if (isUploadStillProcessing(error)) {
           throw new SystemError(
-            `Google Play did not finish processing the uploaded bundle for ${packageName} after six commit attempts. Wait a few minutes, then check the release at https://play.google.com/console/ before submitting again.`,
+            `Google Play did not finish processing the uploaded bundle for ${packageName} within five minutes. Wait a few minutes, then check the release at https://play.google.com/console/ before submitting again.`,
             { cause: error, metadata: GooglePlayApiError.getErrorMetadata(error) }
           );
         }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/android/__tests__/GooglePlaySubmission.test.ts

@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ it.each([false, true])(
   }
 );
 
-it('stops waiting for bundle processing after six attempts', async () => {
+it('stops waiting for bundle processing after 14 attempts', async () => {
   mockToken();
   api()
     .post(`${editPath}:commit`)
     .query({})
-    .times(6)
+    .times(14)
     .reply(400, { error: { message: pendingUploadMessage } });
   const error = await commit().catch(error => error);
   expect(GooglePlayUtils.mapGooglePlayError(error, packageName)).toMatchObject({

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionArtifacts.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
-import { graphql } from 'gql.tada';
 
 import { CustomBuildContext } from '../../customBuildContext';
-import { graphqlAbortContext } from '../../utils/graphqlAbort';
 import {
   ArtifactPutError,
   ArtifactPutNetworkError,
@@ -11,23 +9,7 @@ import {
   putArtifactWithRetriesAsync,
 } from './artifactPut';
 import { withDeviceRunSessionTimeoutAsync } from './deviceRunSessionTimeout';
-import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
-
-const CREATE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_ARTIFACT_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION = graphql(`
-  mutation CreateDeviceRunSessionArtifactUploadSession(
-    $deviceRunSessionId: ID!
-    $input: CreateDeviceRunSessionArtifactUploadSessionInput!
-  ) {
-    deviceRunSession {
-      createArtifactUploadSession(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId, input: $input) {
-        uploadSession {
-          url
-          headers
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
+import { requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 type ArtifactMetadata = {
   deviceRunSessionId: string;
@@ -72,54 +54,28 @@ async function createDeviceRunSessionArtifactUploadSessionAsync(
   { deviceRunSessionId, artifactId, name, filename, kind, metadata, size }: ArtifactMetadata,
   signal: AbortSignal
 ): Promise<ArtifactUploadSession> {
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    let uploadSession: ArtifactUploadSession;
-    try {
-      uploadSession = await workerApi.createArtifactUploadSessionAsync(
-        {
-          name,
-          filename,
-          ...(kind !== undefined ? { kind } : {}),
-          ...(metadata !== undefined ? { metadata } : {}),
-          size,
-        },
-        { signal }
-      );
-    } catch (err) {
-      signal.throwIfAborted();
-      throw new SystemError(
-        `Failed to create upload session for device run session artifact ${artifactId}: ${
-          err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
-        }`,
-        { cause: err }
-      );
-    }
-    signal.throwIfAborted();
-    return uploadSession;
-  }
-  const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-    .mutation(
-      CREATE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_ARTIFACT_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION,
+  const workerApi = requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
+  let uploadSession: ArtifactUploadSession;
+  try {
+    uploadSession = await workerApi.createArtifactUploadSessionAsync(
       {
-        deviceRunSessionId,
-        input: {
-          name,
-          filename,
-          ...(kind !== undefined ? { kind } : {}),
-          ...(metadata !== undefined ? { metadata } : {}),
-          size,
-        },
+        name,
+        filename,
+        ...(kind !== undefined ? { kind } : {}),
+        ...(metadata !== undefined ? { metadata } : {}),
+        size,
       },
-      graphqlAbortContext(signal)
-    )
-    .toPromise();
-  signal.throwIfAborted();
-  if (result.error) {
+      { signal }
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    signal.throwIfAborted();
     throw new SystemError(
-      `Failed to create upload session for device run session artifact ${artifactId}: ${result.error.message}`,
-      { cause: result.error }
+      `Failed to create upload session for device run session artifact ${artifactId}: ${
+        err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      }`,
+      { cause: err }
     );
   }
-  return result.data!.deviceRunSession.createArtifactUploadSession.uploadSession;
+  signal.throwIfAborted();
+  return uploadSession;
 }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionEvents.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { SystemError } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
 import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
-import { graphql } from 'gql.tada';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import { StringDecoder } from 'node:string_decoder';
 import { setTimeout as setTimeoutAsync } from 'node:timers/promises';
@@ -10,26 +9,13 @@ import HttpLogStream from '../../logging/HttpLogStream';
 import RemoteLoggerStream from '../../logging/RemoteLoggerStream';
 import { Sentry } from '../../sentry';
 import { type SignedUrl } from '../../storage/uploadWithSignedUrl';
-import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
+import { requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000;
 const UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MS = 5_000;
 const EAS_LOGS_THREAD = 'session-events';
 const EAS_LOGS_BUFFER_RETENTION_MS = 30_000;
 
-const CREATE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION = graphql(`
-  mutation CreateDeviceRunSessionEventLogUploadSession($deviceRunSessionId: ID!) {
-    deviceRunSession {
-      createEventLogUploadSession(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId) {
-        uploadSession {
-          url
-          headers
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
 /**
  * The normalized, producer-agnostic event shape uploaded to the API server.
  * Every remote-session producer (agent-device, argent, ...) tails its own
@@ -350,35 +336,17 @@ async function createEventLogUploadSessionAsync(
   ctx: CustomBuildContext,
   deviceRunSessionId: string
 ): Promise<SignedUrl> {
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    try {
-      return await workerApi.createEventLogUploadSessionAsync();
-    } catch (err) {
-      throw new SystemError(
-        `Failed to create device run session event log upload session: ${
-          err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
-        }`,
-        { cause: err }
-      );
-    }
-  }
-  const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-    .mutation(CREATE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_EVENT_LOG_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION, {
-      deviceRunSessionId,
-    })
-    .toPromise();
-  if (result.error) {
+  const workerApi = requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
+  try {
+    return await workerApi.createEventLogUploadSessionAsync();
+  } catch (err) {
     throw new SystemError(
-      `Failed to create device run session event log upload session: ${result.error.message}`,
-      { cause: result.error }
+      `Failed to create device run session event log upload session: ${
+        err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      }`,
+      { cause: err }
     );
   }
-  const uploadSession = result.data!.deviceRunSession.createEventLogUploadSession.uploadSession;
-  return {
-    url: uploadSession.url,
-    headers: uploadSession.headers as Record<string, string>,
-  };
 }
 
 async function collectEventFileAsync({

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionPreview.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import { asyncResult } from '@expo/results';
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform, type BuildStepEnv } from '@expo/steps';
 import spawn, { type SpawnOptions } from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
-import { graphql } from 'gql.tada';
 import fetch from 'node-fetch';
 import { createWriteStream } from 'node:fs';
 import { pipeline } from 'node:stream/promises';
@@ -12,25 +11,12 @@ import path from 'node:path';
 
 import { type CustomBuildContext } from '../../customBuildContext';
 import { killProcessGroup } from '../../utils/processes';
-import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
+import { requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const PREVIEW_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000;
 const PREVIEW_MAX_DIMENSION = 320;
 const PREVIEW_QUALITY = 70;
 const MAX_PREVIEW_SIZE_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
-const CREATE_PREVIEW_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION = graphql(`
-  mutation CreateDeviceRunSessionPreviewUploadSession($deviceRunSessionId: ID!) {
-    deviceRunSession {
-      createPreviewUploadSession(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId) {
-        uploadSession {
-          url
-          headers
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
 /**
  * node-fetch includes the request URL in its error messages, and this URL is a signed upload URL
  * that is valid for the whole session. Replace such errors with one that names only the failure.
@@ -122,35 +108,7 @@ async function createPreviewUploadSessionAsync(
   deviceRunSessionId: string,
   signal: AbortSignal
 ): Promise<{ url: string; headers: Record<string, string> }> {
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    return await workerApi.createPreviewUploadSessionAsync({ signal });
-  }
-  const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-    .mutation(
-      CREATE_PREVIEW_UPLOAD_SESSION_MUTATION,
-      { deviceRunSessionId },
-      {
-        // Keep the client's auth headers and combine cancellation after URQL sets its signal.
-        fetch: (url, options) =>
-          globalThis.fetch(url, {
-            ...options,
-            signal: AbortSignal.any([signal, ...(options?.signal ? [options.signal] : [])]),
-          }),
-      }
-    )
-    .toPromise();
-  if (result.error) {
-    throw result.error;
-  }
-  const session = result.data?.deviceRunSession.createPreviewUploadSession.uploadSession;
-  if (!session) {
-    throw new Error('No session preview upload URL was returned.');
-  }
-  return {
-    url: session.url,
-    headers: session.headers as Record<string, string>,
-  };
+  return await requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx).createPreviewUploadSessionAsync({ signal });
 }
 
 /**

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionScreenRecordings.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 import { createReadStream } from 'node:fs';
 import { readFile, readdir, stat } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
 import limitFactory from 'promise-limit';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -140,9 +141,8 @@ export async function uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync(
     recordings.map(recording =>
       limit(async () => {
         try {
-          const metadata = RecordingManifestSchema.parse(
-            JSON.parse(await readFile(path.join(recording.directory, 'session.json'), 'utf-8'))
-          );
+          const manifest = await readFile(path.join(recording.directory, 'session.json'));
+          const metadata = RecordingManifestSchema.parse(JSON.parse(manifest.toString('utf-8')));
           if (path.basename(metadata.recording) !== metadata.recording) {
             throw new Error('Recording filename must not contain a directory.');
           }
@@ -186,6 +186,31 @@ export async function uploadDeviceRunSessionScreenRecordingsAsync(
             openStream: () => createReadStream(recordingPath),
             attempts: 3,
           });
+          try {
+            await uploadDeviceRunSessionArtifactAsync(ctx, {
+              deviceRunSessionId,
+              artifactId: `${recordingId}-metadata`,
+              name: `${displayName} metadata`,
+              filename: `${recordingId}.json`,
+              kind: 'screen-recording-metadata',
+              metadata: {
+                __eas_type: 'screen-recording-metadata',
+                recordingFilename: `${recordingId}.mp4`,
+                udid: recording.udid,
+              },
+              size: manifest.length,
+              openStream: () => Readable.from(manifest),
+              attempts: 3,
+            });
+          } catch (err) {
+            const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
+            Sentry.capture('Could not upload device screen recording metadata', error);
+            logger.warn(
+              { err: error },
+              `Could not upload screen recording metadata for ${recording.deviceName}.`
+            );
+            return false;
+          }
           return true;
         } catch (err) {
           const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionScreenshotNames.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import type { bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
 import { BuildRuntimePlatform } from '@expo/steps';
-import { graphql } from 'gql.tada';
-import { z } from 'zod';
 
 import type { CustomBuildContext } from '../../customBuildContext';
-import { graphqlAbortContext } from '../../utils/graphqlAbort';
-import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
+import { requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const SHORT_COMMIT_HASH_LENGTH = 7;
 const MAX_APP_SLUG_LENGTH = 80;
@@ -17,38 +14,9 @@ const LEADING_OR_TRAILING_DOTS_AND_HYPHENS = /^[.-]+|[.-]+$/g;
 // A full git commit hash: 40 hex characters for SHA-1 or 64 for SHA-256.
 const FULL_GIT_COMMIT_HASH = /^(?:[a-f0-9]{40}|[a-f0-9]{64})$/i;
 
-const SCREENSHOT_SESSION_QUERY = graphql(`
-  query ScreenshotSession($deviceRunSessionId: ID!) {
-    deviceRunSessions {
-      byId(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId) {
-        platform
-        app { slug }
-        build {
-          id
-          gitCommitHash
-          app { slug }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
-const AppSchema = z.object({ slug: z.string() });
-const ScreenshotSessionSchema = z.object({
-  platform: z.enum(['IOS', 'ANDROID']),
-  app: AppSchema,
-  build: z
-    .object({
-      id: z.string(),
-      gitCommitHash: z.string().nullable(),
-      app: AppSchema,
-    })
-    .nullable(),
-});
-
 /**
- * Session details used to name screenshots. `app` is null when the source does not report an app
- * slug: the device run session worker API does not return one.
+ * Session details used to name screenshots. `app` is always null: the device run session worker
+ * API does not return the app slug.
  */
 export type ScreenshotSession = {
   platform: 'IOS' | 'ANDROID';
@@ -63,30 +31,22 @@ export async function loadScreenshotSessionAsync(
 ): Promise<ScreenshotSession | null> {
   try {
     const signal = AbortSignal.timeout(SESSION_LOOKUP_TIMEOUT_MS);
-    const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-    if (workerApi) {
-      const application = await workerApi.getApplicationAsync({ signal });
-      return {
-        // www runs iOS sessions only on macOS workers and Android sessions only on Linux workers,
-        // so the worker API does not return the platform.
-        platform: ctx.runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN ? 'IOS' : 'ANDROID',
-        app: null,
-        build: application.build
-          ? {
-              id: application.build.id,
-              gitCommitHash: application.build.gitCommitHash,
-              app: null,
-            }
-          : null,
-      };
-    }
-    const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-      .query(SCREENSHOT_SESSION_QUERY, { deviceRunSessionId }, graphqlAbortContext(signal))
-      .toPromise();
-    if (result.error) {
-      throw result.error;
-    }
-    return ScreenshotSessionSchema.parse(result.data?.deviceRunSessions.byId);
+    const application = await requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx).getApplicationAsync({
+      signal,
+    });
+    return {
+      // www runs iOS sessions only on macOS workers and Android sessions only on Linux workers,
+      // so the worker API does not return the platform.
+      platform: ctx.runtimePlatform === BuildRuntimePlatform.DARWIN ? 'IOS' : 'ANDROID',
+      app: null,
+      build: application.build
+        ? {
+            id: application.build.id,
+            gitCommitHash: application.build.gitCommitHash,
+            app: null,
+          }
+        : null,
+    };
   } catch (err) {
     logger.warn(
       { err, deviceRunSessionId },

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceRunSessionWorkerApi.ts

@@ -20,24 +20,10 @@ export const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_HEADER = 'expo-device-run-session-token';
 
 const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_PATH = 'device-run-session-worker/';
 
-/**
- * www returns the entity value of the status. The client maps it to the GraphQL enum value, so
- * callers compare statuses the same way on both paths.
- */
-const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STATUS_FROM_ENTITY_VALUE = {
-  new: 'NEW',
-  queued: 'QUEUED',
-  starting: 'STARTING',
-  'in-progress': 'IN_PROGRESS',
-  stopped: 'STOPPED',
-  errored: 'ERRORED',
-} as const;
-
 const DeviceRunSessionStatusSchema = z.object({
   id: z.string(),
-  status: z
-    .enum(['new', 'queued', 'starting', 'in-progress', 'stopped', 'errored'])
-    .transform(status => DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STATUS_FROM_ENTITY_VALUE[status]),
+  // The status entity values that www returns.
+  status: z.enum(['new', 'queued', 'starting', 'in-progress', 'stopped', 'errored']),
 });
 
 const UploadSessionSchema = z.object({
@@ -307,6 +293,24 @@ export function getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(
   return new DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(getExpoApiV2BaseUrl(ctx), token);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Returns the client for the device run session worker API, which every device run session job
+ * uses to call www about its session.
+ */
+export function requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(
+  ctx: Pick<CustomBuildContext, 'env' | 'expoApiV2BaseUrl'>
+): DeviceRunSessionWorkerApi {
+  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
+  if (!workerApi) {
+    throw new SystemError(
+      `This device run session job has no ${DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_TOKEN_ENV} secret. ` +
+        'www gives one to every device run session job, and the worker needs it to call the ' +
+        'device run session API. Start a new session, and contact support if it happens again.'
+    );
+  }
+  return workerApi;
+}
+
 function getExpoApiV2BaseUrl(ctx: Pick<CustomBuildContext, 'env' | 'expoApiV2BaseUrl'>): string {
   if (ctx.expoApiV2BaseUrl) {
     return ctx.expoApiV2BaseUrl;

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/deviceSessionHost.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import {
   spawnDetached,
   startNgrokTunnelAsync,
 } from './remoteDeviceRunSession';
+import { LOCAL_EGRESS_PROXY_HOST, readLocalEgressHandoffAsync } from './localEgress';
 import { withDeviceRunSessionTimeoutAsync } from './deviceRunSessionTimeout';
 import {
   IosSimulatorRecordingUtils,
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ import {
 import { SERVE_SIM_STATE_DIR, readServeSimServersAsync } from './serveSimMetricsRecorder';
 import { startLogPhase } from '../../utils/logPhase';
 import { runServeSimActionAsync, stageServeSimAppAsync } from './serveSimActions';
+import { type ServeSimActivityPolling, startServeSimActivityPolling } from './serveSimActivity';
 import { verifyLocalEgressGuardAsync } from './localEgressGuard';
 import { IosSimulatorUtils, type IosSimulatorUuid } from '../../utils/IosSimulatorUtils';
 import { createStartupTasks } from './startupTasks';
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@ export function createServeSimArgs({
   openUrl,
   networkCapture = false,
   networkCaptureFields = [],
+  networkCaptureProxy,
 }: {
   port: number;
   turnArgs?: string[];
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@ export function createServeSimArgs({
   installAppPath?: string;
   networkCapture?: boolean;
   networkCaptureFields?: string[];
+  networkCaptureProxy?: string;
 } & ServeSimLaunchOptions): string[] {
   return [
     createServeSimPackageSpec(packageVersion),
@@ -188,6 +192,7 @@ export function createServeSimArgs({
           ...networkCaptureFields.flatMap(field => ['--network-capture-field', field]),
         ]
       : []),
+    ...(networkCaptureProxy !== undefined ? ['--network-capture-proxy', networkCaptureProxy] : []),
   ];
 }
 
@@ -350,6 +355,8 @@ export type DeviceWebPreview = {
 
 export type DeviceSessionHost = {
   openPreviewAsync(options: { baseDomain: string; authtoken: string }): Promise<DeviceWebPreview>;
+  /** Last observed preview input. Always `undefined` on Android, which keeps no event log. */
+  getLastPreviewActivityAt(): Date | undefined;
   /**
    * Terminal and idempotent. Never rejects: a failed finalization, host stop or upload is logged
    * and reported, so callers need no error handling around it.
@@ -492,7 +499,8 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
   const packageSpec = isAndroid
     ? createExpoDeviceHubPackageSpec(packageVersion)
     : createServeSimPackageSpec(packageVersion);
-  const turnArgs = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { env, logger });
+  const turnArgs = await fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(ctx, { logger });
+  const localEgress = !isAndroid ? await readLocalEgressHandoffAsync() : null;
   const previewExec = resolvePackageExec(
     resolveConfiguredPackageManager(env, PackageManager.NPM),
     isAndroid
@@ -522,6 +530,9 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
           openUrl: iosSimulatorUdid ? undefined : openUrl,
           networkCapture,
           networkCaptureFields,
+          networkCaptureProxy: localEgress
+            ? `http://${LOCAL_EGRESS_PROXY_HOST}:${localEgress.port}`
+            : undefined,
         })
   );
   logger.info(
@@ -577,6 +588,7 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
   const previewSetupController = new AbortController();
   let previewSetupTask: Promise<void> | undefined;
   let previewFailed = false;
+  let previewActivity: ServeSimActivityPolling | null = null;
 
   const host: DeviceSessionHost = {
     openPreviewAsync({ baseDomain, authtoken }) {
@@ -634,6 +646,9 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
       });
       return opening;
     },
+    getLastPreviewActivityAt() {
+      return previewActivity?.getLastActivityObservedAt();
+    },
     finishAsync() {
       readinessController.abort(new Error('Simulator preview ended.'));
       return (finishTask ??= finishDeviceSessionHostAsync(ctx, {
@@ -642,6 +657,7 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
           previewSetupController.abort();
           await previewSetupTask;
           await sessionPreview?.stopAsync();
+          await previewActivity?.stopAsync();
         },
         previewServer,
         screenshots,
@@ -769,6 +785,9 @@ async function startDeviceSessionHostInternalAsync(
     secrets.push(previewToken);
     if (!isAndroid) {
       IosSimulatorRecordingUtils.useServeSimPackage(packageSpec);
+      if (!finishTask) {
+        previewActivity = startServeSimActivityPolling({ port, token: previewToken, logger });
+      }
     }
     // Android installed FFmpeg before launching the host. The optional thumbnail must not delay
     // readiness on macOS, so it starts after its encoder is installed there.

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/preinstalledWda.ts

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ export async function preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({
   appiumBinPath,
   appiumEnv,
   logger,
+  signal,
 }: {
   runtimeIdentifier: string | undefined;
   appiumHome: string;
   appiumBinPath: string;
   appiumEnv: BuildStepEnv;
   logger: bunyan;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   const iosMajor = /^com\.apple\.CoreSimulator\.SimRuntime\.iOS-(\d+)(?:-|$)/.exec(
     runtimeIdentifier ?? ''
   )?.[1];
@@ -52,10 +55,17 @@ export async function preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({
     // Appium's downloader inherits its pipes; killing only Appium leaves spawn's
     // close event pending. Kill the owned group, then await close before cleanup.
     const timeout = setTimeout(() => killProcessGroup(download.child, 'SIGKILL'), 60_000);
+    const abort = (): void => killProcessGroup(download.child, 'SIGKILL');
+    signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+    if (signal?.aborted) {
+      abort();
+    }
     try {
       await download;
+      signal?.throwIfAborted();
     } finally {
       clearTimeout(timeout);
+      signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
     }
     if (!(await fs.promises.stat(runner)).isDirectory()) {
       throw new Error('The downloaded WebDriverAgent runner is not an app directory.');
@@ -67,6 +77,7 @@ export async function preparePreinstalledWdaAsync({
     };
   } catch (err) {
     await fs.promises.rm(outdir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     logger.warn(
       { err },
       'Could not prepare preinstalled WebDriverAgent; using the default xcodebuild startup.'

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/remoteDeviceRunSession.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import {
 } from '@expo/steps';
 import spawn from '@expo/turtle-spawn';
 import * as ngrok from '@ngrok/ngrok';
-import { graphql } from 'gql.tada';
-import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
@@ -27,51 +25,17 @@ import {
   parseOpenUrlInput,
 } from '../functions/launchApplication';
 import { Sentry } from '../../sentry';
-import { isProcessGroupRunning } from '../../utils/processes';
+import { isProcessGroupRunning, killProcessGroup } from '../../utils/processes';
 import { sleepAsync } from '../../utils/retry';
-import { turtleFetch } from '../../utils/turtleFetch';
 import { createProcessOutput } from './processOutput';
 import { withDeviceRunSessionTimeoutAsync } from './deviceRunSessionTimeout';
-import { getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi } from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
+import {
+  type DeviceRunSessionStatus,
+  requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi,
+} from './deviceRunSessionWorkerApi';
 
 const XCODE_DEVELOPER_DIR = '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer';
 
-const START_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_MUTATION = graphql(`
-  mutation StartDeviceRunSession($deviceRunSessionId: ID!, $remoteConfig: JSONObject!) {
-    deviceRunSession {
-      startDeviceRunSession(
-        deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId
-        remoteConfig: $remoteConfig
-      ) {
-        id
-        status
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
-const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STATUS_QUERY = graphql(`
-  query DeviceRunSessionStatus($deviceRunSessionId: ID!) {
-    deviceRunSessions {
-      byId(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId) {
-        id
-        status
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
-const ENSURE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STOPPED_MUTATION = graphql(`
-  mutation EnsureDeviceRunSessionStopped($deviceRunSessionId: ID!) {
-    deviceRunSession {
-      ensureDeviceRunSessionStopped(deviceRunSessionId: $deviceRunSessionId) {
-        id
-        status
-      }
-    }
-  }
-`);
-
 const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STATUS_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5_000;
 // A request to the device run session worker API that hangs counts as a failed poll or stop.
 const DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
@@ -162,6 +126,8 @@ export type DeviceRunSessionIdleTimeout = {
    * begins, so a session nobody ever connects to still times out.
    */
   getLastEventObservedAt: () => Date | undefined;
+  /** Last observed preview input, counted like a session event. */
+  getLastPreviewActivityAt?: () => Date | undefined;
 };
 
 export async function waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
@@ -215,9 +181,13 @@ export async function waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
 
     while (!signal.aborted) {
       if (idleTimeout) {
-        const lastEventObservedAt = idleTimeout.getLastEventObservedAt();
-        if (lastEventObservedAt && lastEventObservedAt > lastActivityAt) {
-          lastActivityAt = lastEventObservedAt;
+        for (const observedAt of [
+          idleTimeout.getLastEventObservedAt(),
+          idleTimeout.getLastPreviewActivityAt?.(),
+        ]) {
+          if (observedAt && observedAt > lastActivityAt) {
+            lastActivityAt = observedAt;
+          }
         }
         if (Date.now() - lastActivityAt.getTime() >= idleTimeout.maxIdleTimeMinutes * 60_000) {
           logger.info(
@@ -230,15 +200,12 @@ export async function waitForDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync({
       }
       try {
         const status = await fetchDeviceRunSessionStatusAsync(ctx, deviceRunSessionId, signal);
-        if (!status) {
-          throw new Error(`Device run session ${deviceRunSessionId} status response was missing.`);
-        }
         pollErrorCount = 0;
-        if (status === 'STOPPED') {
+        if (status === 'stopped') {
           logger.info(`Device run session ${deviceRunSessionId} was stopped.`);
           return;
         }
-        if (status === 'ERRORED') {
+        if (status === 'errored') {
           throw new SystemError(`Device run session ${deviceRunSessionId} errored.`);
         }
       } catch (err) {
@@ -269,24 +236,14 @@ async function fetchDeviceRunSessionStatusAsync(
   ctx: CustomBuildContext,
   deviceRunSessionId: string,
   signal: AbortSignal
-): Promise<string | undefined> {
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    // One request per poll; the polling loop retries on its own schedule.
-    return (
-      await workerApi.getSessionAsync({
-        signal,
-        timeoutMs: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      })
-    ).status;
-  }
-  const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-    .query(DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STATUS_QUERY, { deviceRunSessionId })
-    .toPromise();
-  if (result.error) {
-    throw result.error;
-  }
-  return result.data?.deviceRunSessions?.byId?.status;
+): Promise<DeviceRunSessionStatus['status']> {
+  // One request per poll; the polling loop retries on its own schedule.
+  return (
+    await requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx).getSessionAsync({
+      signal,
+      timeoutMs: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    })
+  ).status;
 }
 
 // Best effort: when this fails, the caller still tears the session down and the
@@ -301,17 +258,9 @@ async function ensureDeviceRunSessionStoppedSafelyAsync({
   logger: bunyan;
 }): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-    if (workerApi) {
-      await workerApi.stopAsync({ timeoutMs: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS });
-    } else {
-      const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-        .mutation(ENSURE_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_STOPPED_MUTATION, { deviceRunSessionId })
-        .toPromise();
-      if (result.error) {
-        throw result.error;
-      }
-    }
+    await requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx).stopAsync({
+      timeoutMs: DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_WORKER_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    });
   } catch (err) {
     const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
     Sentry.capture('Could not mark idle device run session as stopped', error, {
@@ -368,14 +317,28 @@ function warmUpFfmpeg(env: BuildStepEnv): void {
 async function installFfmpegWithHomebrewAsync({
   env,
   logger,
+  signal,
 }: {
   env: BuildStepEnv;
   logger: bunyan;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<void> {
-  await spawn('brew', ['install', 'ffmpeg'], {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
+  const install = spawn('brew', ['install', 'ffmpeg'], {
     env: { ...env, HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: '1' },
     logger,
+    ...(signal ? { detached: true } : {}),
   });
+  const abort = (): void => killProcessGroup(install.child, 'SIGKILL');
+  signal?.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+  if (signal?.aborted) {
+    abort();
+  }
+  try {
+    await install;
+  } finally {
+    signal?.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
+  }
 }
 
 async function installFfmpegWithAptAsync({
@@ -393,7 +356,7 @@ async function installFfmpegWithAptAsync({
   await spawn('sudo', ['apt-get', 'install', '-y', 'ffmpeg'], { env: aptEnv, logger });
 }
 
-let ffmpegSetupPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
+let ffmpegSetupPromise: Promise<'aborted' | void> | undefined;
 
 /**
  * Install ffmpeg when the runtime does not already provide it. Device-session
@@ -413,13 +376,16 @@ async function ensureFfmpegInstalledAsync({
   runtimePlatform,
   env,
   logger,
+  signal,
 }: {
   runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform;
   env: BuildStepEnv;
   logger: bunyan;
-}): Promise<void> {
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
+}): Promise<'aborted' | void> {
   try {
     const ffmpegPath = await findFfmpegOnPathAsync(env);
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     if (ffmpegPath) {
       logger.info(`ffmpeg is already installed at ${ffmpegPath}.`);
       warmUpFfmpeg(env);
@@ -433,13 +399,17 @@ async function ensureFfmpegInstalledAsync({
       } for the device session.`
     );
     if (isDarwin) {
-      await installFfmpegWithHomebrewAsync({ env, logger });
+      await installFfmpegWithHomebrewAsync({ env, logger, signal });
     } else {
       await installFfmpegWithAptAsync({ env, logger });
     }
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
     logger.info('Installed ffmpeg.');
     warmUpFfmpeg(env);
   } catch (err) {
+    if (signal?.aborted) {
+      return 'aborted';
+    }
     const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
     Sentry.capture('Could not install ffmpeg for the device session', error, {
       level: 'warning',
@@ -455,20 +425,46 @@ export async function ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({
   runtimePlatform,
   env,
   logger,
+  signal,
 }: {
   runtimePlatform: BuildRuntimePlatform;
   env: BuildStepEnv;
   logger: bunyan;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<void> {
+  signal?.throwIfAborted();
   if (ffmpegSetupPromise) {
-    await ffmpegSetupPromise;
+    const sharedSetup = ffmpegSetupPromise;
+    let outcome: 'aborted' | void;
+    if (signal) {
+      outcome = await new Promise<'aborted' | void>((resolve, reject) => {
+        const abort = (): void => reject(signal.reason);
+        signal.addEventListener('abort', abort, { once: true });
+        void sharedSetup.then(result => {
+          signal.removeEventListener('abort', abort);
+          resolve(result);
+        });
+        if (signal.aborted) {
+          abort();
+        }
+      });
+    } else {
+      outcome = await sharedSetup;
+    }
+    if (outcome === 'aborted') {
+      if (ffmpegSetupPromise === sharedSetup) {
+        ffmpegSetupPromise = undefined;
+      }
+      await ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger, signal });
+    }
     return;
   }
 
-  const setupPromise = ensureFfmpegInstalledAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger });
+  const setupPromise = ensureFfmpegInstalledAsync({ runtimePlatform, env, logger, signal });
   ffmpegSetupPromise = setupPromise;
   try {
     await setupPromise;
+    signal?.throwIfAborted();
   } finally {
     if (ffmpegSetupPromise === setupPromise) {
       ffmpegSetupPromise = undefined;
@@ -476,12 +472,6 @@ export async function ensureFfmpegInstalledOnceAsync({
   }
 }
 
-const TurnIceServersResponseSchema = z.object({
-  data: z.object({
-    iceServers: TurnIceServersSchema,
-  }),
-});
-
 /**
  * Translate Cloudflare ICE servers into web preview CLI flags: `--stun-url` (the
  * credential-less entries) and `--turn-url`/`--turn-username`/`--turn-credential`
@@ -523,10 +513,10 @@ export function turnIceServersToWebPreviewArgs(iceServers: TurnIceServers): stri
  */
 export async function fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(
   ctx: CustomBuildContext,
-  { env, logger }: { env: BuildStepEnv; logger: bunyan }
+  { logger }: { logger: bunyan }
 ): Promise<string[]> {
   try {
-    const iceServers = await fetchTurnIceServersAsync(ctx, { env, logger });
+    const iceServers = await fetchTurnIceServersAsync(ctx, { logger });
     const args = turnIceServersToWebPreviewArgs(iceServers);
     if (args.length > 0) {
       logger.info('Configured the web preview with Cloudflare TURN ICE servers.');
@@ -545,38 +535,13 @@ export async function fetchWebPreviewTurnArgsAsync(
 
 async function fetchTurnIceServersAsync(
   ctx: CustomBuildContext,
-  { env, logger }: { env: BuildStepEnv; logger: bunyan }
+  { logger }: { logger: bunyan }
 ): Promise<TurnIceServers> {
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    return await workerApi.fetchTurnIceServersAsync({ timeoutMs: 5000, retries: 1, logger });
-  }
-
-  const deviceRunSessionId = getDeviceRunSessionIdOrThrow(env);
-  const expoApiServerUrl = nullthrows(ctx.env.__API_SERVER_URL, '__API_SERVER_URL is not set');
-  const robotAccessToken = nullthrows(
-    ctx.job.secrets?.robotAccessToken,
-    'robot access token is not set'
-  );
-
-  const response = await turtleFetch(
-    new URL(
-      `/v2/device-run-sessions/${deviceRunSessionId}/turn-ice-servers`,
-      expoApiServerUrl
-    ).toString(),
-    'POST',
-    {
-      headers: {
-        Authorization: `Bearer ${robotAccessToken}`,
-      },
-      timeout: 5000,
-      retries: 1,
-      logger,
-    }
-  );
-
-  const { data } = TurnIceServersResponseSchema.parse(await response.json());
-  return data.iceServers;
+  return await requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx).fetchTurnIceServersAsync({
+    timeoutMs: 5000,
+    retries: 1,
+    logger,
+  });
 }
 
 export async function uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync({
@@ -593,26 +558,15 @@ export async function uploadRemoteSessionConfigAsync({
   logger.info(
     `Reporting remote config to the API server (device run session: ${deviceRunSessionId}).`
   );
-  const workerApi = getDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
-  if (workerApi) {
-    try {
-      await workerApi.startAsync({ remoteConfig });
-    } catch (err) {
-      throw new SystemError(
-        `Failed to start device run session ${deviceRunSessionId}: ${
-          err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
-        }`,
-        { cause: err }
-      );
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-  const result = await ctx.graphqlClient
-    .mutation(START_DEVICE_RUN_SESSION_MUTATION, { deviceRunSessionId, remoteConfig })
-    .toPromise();
-  if (result.error) {
+  const workerApi = requireDeviceRunSessionWorkerApi(ctx);
+  try {
+    await workerApi.startAsync({ remoteConfig });
+  } catch (err) {
     throw new SystemError(
-      `Failed to start device run session ${deviceRunSessionId}: ${result.error.message}`
+      `Failed to start device run session ${deviceRunSessionId}: ${
+        err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      }`,
+      { cause: err }
     );
   }
 }

packages/build-tools/src/steps/utils/serveSimActivity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { type bunyan } from '@expo/logger';
+
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5_000;
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+export type ServeSimActivityPolling = {
+  /**
+   * When a new event log entry (input or host action, not stream traffic) was first seen. Reports
+   * now while the log is unreadable but serve-sim is up, so an unobservable session stays active.
+   */
+  getLastActivityObservedAt: () => Date | undefined;
+  stopAsync: () => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+/** Nothing listens on the port. A reset or dropped response can come from a running serve-sim. */
+function isServeSimDownError(err: unknown): boolean {
+  // Not `instanceof`: undici errors can come from another realm.
+  let error: unknown = err;
+  for (let depth = 0; depth < 5 && typeof error === 'object' && error !== null; depth++) {
+    const { code, cause } = error as { code?: unknown; cause?: unknown };
+    if (code === 'ECONNREFUSED') {
+      return true;
+    }
+    error = cause;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/** A changed newest event ID counts as activity, timed by the local clock. */
+export function startServeSimActivityPolling({
+  port,
+  token,
+  logger,
+  pollIntervalMs = POLL_INTERVAL_MS,
+}: {
+  port: number;
+  token: string;
+  logger: bunyan;
+  pollIntervalMs?: number;
+}): ServeSimActivityPolling {
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  let lastEventId: number | undefined;
+  let lastActivityObservedAt: Date | undefined;
+  let eventLogUnavailable = false;
+  let didWarn = false;
+  let timer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+  let pending: Promise<void> = Promise.resolve();
+
+  const pollAsync = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+      const eventId = await fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({
+        port,
+        token,
+        signal: AbortSignal.any([controller.signal, AbortSignal.timeout(REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS)]),
+      });
+      eventLogUnavailable = false;
+      if (eventId !== undefined && eventId !== lastEventId) {
+        lastEventId = eventId;
+        lastActivityObservedAt = new Date();
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (controller.signal.aborted) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Only a down serve-sim, which receives no input either, keeps the last observation.
+      eventLogUnavailable = !isServeSimDownError(err);
+      if (!didWarn) {
+        didWarn = true;
+        logger.warn(
+          { err },
+          eventLogUnavailable
+            ? 'Could not read the serve-sim event log. Preview input cannot be observed, so the ' +
+                'idle timeout does not stop this session.'
+            : 'Could not read serve-sim preview activity.'
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  const tick = (): void => {
+    pending = pollAsync().finally(() => {
+      if (!controller.signal.aborted) {
+        timer = setTimeout(tick, pollIntervalMs);
+        timer.unref();
+      }
+    });
+  };
+  tick();
+  return {
+    getLastActivityObservedAt: () => (eventLogUnavailable ? new Date() : lastActivityObservedAt),
+    stopAsync: async () => {
+      controller.abort();
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+      await pending;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export async function fetchLatestServeSimEventIdAsync({
+  port,
+  token,
+  signal,
+}: {
+  port: number;
+  token: string;
+  signal?: AbortSignal;
+}): Promise<number | undefined> {
+  const response = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/api/event-log?limit=1`, {
+    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
+    signal,
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    await response.body?.cancel();
+    throw new Error(`serve-sim event log request failed: ${response.status}`);
+  }
+  const text = await response.text();
+  let body: { events?: unknown } | undefined;
+  try {
+    body = JSON.parse(text);
+  } catch {}
+  if (!Array.isArray(body?.events)) {
+    throw new Error('serve-sim event log response has no events array.');
+  }
+  if (body.events.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const id = (body.events.at(-1) as { id?: unknown } | null)?.id;
+  if (typeof id !== 'number') {
+    throw new Error('serve-sim event log entry has no numeric ID.');
+  }
+  return id;
+}

packages/create-eas-build-function/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # create-eas-build-function
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+No changes in this release.
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 No changes in this release.

packages/create-eas-build-function/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "create-eas-build-function",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "description": "Create functions for use in EAS Build custom builds.",
   "keywords": [
     "expo",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     "clean": "rimraf ./build/ \"*.tsbuildinfo\""
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@expo/steps": "25.1.0"
+    "@expo/steps": "25.3.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@expo/package-manager": "1.9.10",

packages/downloader/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # @expo/downloader
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+No changes in this release.
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 No changes in this release.

packages/downloader/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@expo/downloader",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/issues",
   "license": "BUSL-1.1",
   "author": "Expo <[email protected]>",

packages/eas-build-cache-provider/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # eas-build-cache-provider
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+No changes in this release.
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 No changes in this release.

packages/eas-build-cache-provider/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "eas-build-cache-provider",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "description": "A build cache provider plugin for the Expo CLI",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/expo/eas-cli",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/issues",

packages/eas-build-job/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # @expo/eas-build-job
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+No changes in this release.
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+No changes in this release.
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 No changes in this release.

packages/eas-build-job/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@expo/eas-build-job",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/issues",
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "Expo <[email protected]>",
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
     "clean": "rimraf node_modules dist coverage \"*.tsbuildinfo\""
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@expo/logger": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/logger": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/results": "1.0.0",
-    "@expo/turtle-spawn": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/turtle-spawn": "25.3.0",
     "joi": "^17.13.1",
     "semver": "^7.6.2",
     "zod": "^4.3.5"

packages/eas-build-job/src/__tests__/deviceRunSession.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { DeviceRunSessionEvent, parseDeviceRunSessionEvents } from '../deviceRunSession';
+import {
+  DeviceRunSessionEvent,
+  parseDeviceRunSessionEvents,
+  quoteAndroidShellCommand,
+  validateAndroidLaunchOptions,
+} from '../deviceRunSession';
 
 describe('parseDeviceRunSessionEvents', () => {
   it('parses, deduplicates, and sorts events from the dedicated event log', () => {
@@ -33,6 +38,56 @@ describe('parseDeviceRunSessionEvents', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe(quoteAndroidShellCommand, () => {
+  it('quotes only arguments the device shell would split or expand', () => {
+    expect(
+      quoteAndroidShellCommand(['am', 'start', '--es', 'text', 'hello world', "it's", '', '-n'])
+    ).toEqual(['am', 'start', '--es', 'text', "'hello world'", "'it'\\''s'", "''", '-n']);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects NUL characters', () => {
+    expect(() => quoteAndroidShellCommand(['am', 'start', 'a\0b'])).toThrow(
+      expect.objectContaining({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' })
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe(validateAndroidLaunchOptions, () => {
+  it('rejects only commands that are too long without the launch component', () => {
+    const fixedLength = 'am start --es key  -n'.length;
+    const launchArgs = (valueLength: number) => ['--es', 'key', 'a'.repeat(valueLength)];
+
+    expect(() =>
+      validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ launchArgs: launchArgs(65_000 - fixedLength) })
+    ).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() =>
+      validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ launchArgs: launchArgs(65_000 - fixedLength + 1) })
+    ).toThrow(expect.objectContaining({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' }));
+  });
+
+  it('counts bytes, not characters', () => {
+    // "é" is two bytes in UTF-8 and is quoted, which adds two more.
+    const fixedLength = "am start --es key '' -n".length;
+    const launchArgs = (extraLength: number) => [
+      '--es',
+      'key',
+      'a'.repeat(extraLength) + 'é'.repeat(32_488),
+    ];
+
+    expect(fixedLength + 1 + 2 * 32_488).toBe(65_000);
+    expect(() => validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ launchArgs: launchArgs(1) })).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ launchArgs: launchArgs(2) })).toThrow(
+      expect.objectContaining({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('checks the URL to open', () => {
+    expect(() => validateAndroidLaunchOptions({ openUrl: 'exp://example.test/a\0b' })).toThrow(
+      expect.objectContaining({ errorCode: 'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT' })
+    );
+  });
+});
+
 function createEvent(overrides: Partial<DeviceRunSessionEvent> = {}): string {
   return JSON.stringify(createEventValue(overrides));
 }

packages/eas-build-job/src/deviceRunSession.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
+import { UserError } from './errors';
+
 /**
  * Canonical record format for the activity events emitted during a remote device run (simulator)
  * session. Producers (e.g. the worker and agent-device) write these as NDJSON to the
@@ -46,3 +48,54 @@ export function parseDeviceRunSessionEvents(eventLog: string): DeviceRunSessionE
     (left, right) => new Date(left.ts).getTime() - new Date(right.ts).getTime()
   );
 }
+
+// adb closes the connection for longer shell commands (about 65.5 KB with adb 37 on API 35).
+export const ANDROID_SHELL_COMMAND_MAX_BYTES = 65_000;
+
+/**
+ * Check Android launch inputs before a session starts. The launch component is only known once the
+ * build is installed, so this rejects only commands that are too long without it; the launch itself
+ * checks the exact command.
+ */
+export function validateAndroidLaunchOptions({
+  launchArgs = [],
+  openUrl,
+}: {
+  launchArgs?: string[];
+  openUrl?: string;
+}): void {
+  quoteAndroidShellCommand(['am', 'start', ...launchArgs, '-n']);
+  if (openUrl) {
+    quoteAndroidShellCommand(['am', 'start', '-a', 'android.intent.action.VIEW', '-d', openUrl]);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * `adb shell` joins its arguments with spaces and the device shell parses the result again, so
+ * each argument is quoted to reach the command as one literal word.
+ */
+export function quoteAndroidShellCommand(command: string[]): string[] {
+  if (command.some(argument => argument.includes('\0'))) {
+    throw new UserError(
+      'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT',
+      'Android "launch_args" and "open_url" cannot contain NUL characters.'
+    );
+  }
+  const quotedCommand = command.map(quoteAndroidShellArgument);
+  if (
+    new TextEncoder().encode(quotedCommand.join(' ')).byteLength > ANDROID_SHELL_COMMAND_MAX_BYTES
+  ) {
+    throw new UserError(
+      'EAS_LAUNCH_APPLICATION_INVALID_INPUT',
+      `The Android launch command is longer than ${ANDROID_SHELL_COMMAND_MAX_BYTES} bytes after shell quoting. Shorten "launch_args" or "open_url".`
+    );
+  }
+  return quotedCommand;
+}
+
+function quoteAndroidShellArgument(argument: string): string {
+  if (/^[\w@%+=:,./-]+$/.test(argument)) {
+    return argument;
+  }
+  return `'${argument.replaceAll("'", `'\\''`)}'`;
+}

packages/eas-cli/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
 # eas-cli
 
+## 25.3.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Add a Free plan build limit checkout experiment to `eas build` that offers to open the Starter plan checkout. ([#4633](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4633) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- Add a `--system-image` flag to `eas simulator:start` to select the Android SDK system image for the emulator. ([#4500](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4500) by [@krystofwoldrich](https://github.com/krystofwoldrich))
+
+## 25.2.0
+
+### Minor Changes
+
+- Add experimentation client. ([#4558](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4558) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- Add a Free plan build limit guidance experiment for coding agents to `eas build`. ([#4631](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4631) by [@williamgrosset](https://github.com/williamgrosset))
+- Add `eas simulator:control` to run serve-sim actions, with file upload and download, on a remote iOS simulator session. ([#4641](https://github.com/expo/eas-cli/pull/4641) by [@gwdp](https://github.com/gwdp))
+
+## 25.1.1
+
+No changes in this release.
+
 ## 25.1.0
 
 ### Minor Changes

packages/eas-cli/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "eas-cli",
-  "version": "25.1.0",
+  "version": "25.3.0",
   "description": "EAS command line tool",
   "keywords": [
     "cli",
@@ -48,11 +48,12 @@
     "@expo/code-signing-certificates": "0.0.5",
     "@expo/config": "55.0.10",
     "@expo/config-plugins": "55.0.7",
-    "@expo/eas-build-job": "25.1.0",
-    "@expo/eas-json": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/eas-build-job": "25.3.0",
+    "@expo/eas-json": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/env": "^1.0.0",
+    "@expo/experimentation": "0.0.5",
     "@expo/json-file": "8.3.3",
-    "@expo/logger": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/logger": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/multipart-body-parser": "2.0.0",
     "@expo/osascript": "2.1.4",
     "@expo/package-manager": "1.9.10",
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
     "@expo/results": "1.0.0",
     "@expo/rudder-sdk-node": "1.1.1",
     "@expo/spawn-async": "1.7.2",
-    "@expo/steps": "25.1.0",
+    "@expo/steps": "25.3.0",
     "@expo/timeago.js": "1.0.0",
     "@oclif/core": "^4.8.3",
     "@oclif/plugin-autocomplete": "^3.2.40",
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@
     ],
     "bin": "eas",
     "commands": "./build/commands",
+    "helpClass": "./build/help",
     "plugins": [
       "@oclif/plugin-autocomplete",
       "@expo/plugin-help",

packages/eas-cli/src/__tests__/commands/utils-test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import EasCommand from '../../commandUtils/EasCommand';
+import { mockCommandContext } from './utils';
+
+jest.mock('fs');
+
+class TestCommand extends EasCommand {
+  static override contextDefinition = {
+    ...this.ContextOptions.LoggedIn,
+    ...this.ContextOptions.Experimentation,
+  };
+
+  async runAsync(): Promise<void> {}
+}
+
+describe(mockCommandContext, () => {
+  it('provides a disabled experimentation client that returns defaults', async () => {
+    const ctx = mockCommandContext(TestCommand, {});
+    const client = await ctx.experimentation.getClientAsync();
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('any').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(client.getAccountNamespace('any', { accountId: 'a' }).getParam('enabled', true)).toBe(
+      true
+    );
+    expect(client.getDeviceNamespace('any').getParam('count', 3)).toBe(3);
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/__tests__/commands/utils.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
 
 import { ContextInput, ContextOutput } from '../../commandUtils/EasCommand';
 import { DynamicConfigContextFn } from '../../commandUtils/context/DynamicProjectConfigContextField';
+import { ExperimentOverrides } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentOverrides';
+import { ExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
 import {
   AppFragment,
   Role,
@@ -96,6 +99,11 @@ export function mockCommandContext<
     if (contextKey === 'sessionManager') {
       result.sessionManager = {};
     }
+    if (contextKey === 'experimentation') {
+      result.experimentation = LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(
+        ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(ExperimentOverrides.empty())
+      );
+    }
     if (contextKey === 'projectConfig') {
       result.projectConfig = {
         exp: overrides.exp ?? getMockExpoConfig(),

packages/eas-cli/src/__tests__/help.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { Config, Help } from '@oclif/core';
+
+import SimulatorControl from '../commands/simulator/control';
+import EasHelp from '../help';
+
+describe(EasHelp, () => {
+  const config = new Config({ root: __dirname });
+  let run: jest.SpyInstance;
+  let showHelp: jest.SpyInstance;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    run = jest.spyOn(SimulatorControl, 'run').mockResolvedValue(Promise.resolve());
+    showHelp = jest.spyOn(Help.prototype, 'showHelp').mockResolvedValue();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => jest.restoreAllMocks());
+
+  it.each([
+    ['simulator:control', 'rotate', '--help'],
+    ['sim:control', 'screenshot.capture', '-h', '--id', 'session-123'],
+    ['simulator:control', '--id', 'session-123', '--help', 'rotate'],
+  ])('routes action help through the command: %j', async (...argv) => {
+    await new EasHelp(config).showHelp(argv);
+    expect(run).toHaveBeenCalledWith(argv.slice(1), config);
+    expect(showHelp).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['simulator:control', '--help'],
+    ['sim:control', '-h'],
+    ['build', '--help'],
+    ['simulator:control', 'clipboard.write', '--', '--help'],
+  ])('preserves regular help and literal values: %j', async (...argv) => {
+    await new EasHelp(config).showHelp(argv);
+    expect(showHelp).toHaveBeenCalledWith(argv);
+    expect(run).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/analytics/AnalyticsManager.ts

@@ -21,12 +21,17 @@ export type AnalyticsEvent =
   | SubmissionEvent
   | MetadataEvent
   | BillingEvent
-  | SimulatorEvent;
+  | SimulatorEvent
+  | ExperimentationEvent;
 
 export enum CommandEvent {
   ACTION = 'action', // generic event type which is used to determine the 'daily active user' stat, include an `action: eas ${subcommand}` property inside of the event properties object
 }
 
+export enum ExperimentationEvent {
+  EXPERIMENT_VIEWED = 'Experiment Viewed',
+}
+
 export enum BillingEvent {
   SUBSCRIBE_COMMAND = 'billing cli subscribe command',
 }
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@ export enum BuildEvent {
   BUILD_REQUEST_ATTEMPT = 'build cli build request attempt',
   BUILD_REQUEST_SUCCESS = 'build cli build request success',
   BUILD_REQUEST_FAIL = 'build cli build request fail',
+  FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_PROMPT = 'build cli free tier limit checkout prompt',
 
   BUILD_STATUS_COMMAND = 'build cli build status',
 
@@ -105,6 +111,8 @@ export interface Analytics {
 export interface AnalyticsWithOrchestration extends Analytics {
   setActor(actor: Actor): void;
   flushAsync(): Promise<void>;
+  /** The persisted RudderStack anonymous ID, or null when analytics is disabled. */
+  getDeviceId(): string | null;
 }
 
 const USER_SETTINGS_KEY_AMPLITUDE_ENABLED = 'amplitudeEnabled';
@@ -183,6 +191,9 @@ class NoOpAnalytics implements AnalyticsWithOrchestration {
   logEvent(): void {}
   setActor(): void {}
   async flushAsync(): Promise<void> {}
+  getDeviceId(): null {
+    return null;
+  }
 }
 
 const RudderstackAnalyticsConfig =
@@ -234,6 +245,10 @@ class RudderstackAnalytics implements AnalyticsWithOrchestration {
     this.identifiedActor = actor;
   }
 
+  public getDeviceId(): string {
+    return this.persistentDeviceId;
+  }
+
   public logEvent(name: AnalyticsEvent, properties: AnalyticsEventProperties): void {
     const userId = this.identifiedActor?.id;
     const deviceId = this.persistentDeviceId;

packages/eas-cli/src/analytics/__tests__/AnalyticsManager-test.ts

@@ -140,3 +140,55 @@ describe(isAnalyticsOptedOutAsync, () => {
     await expect(isAnalyticsOptedOutAsync()).resolves.toBe(true);
   });
 });
+
+describe('getDeviceId', () => {
+  // Backs UserSettings with an in-memory store so a value written by createAnalyticsAsync is read back.
+  function useInMemoryUserSettings(initial: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+    const stored: Record<string, unknown> = { ...initial };
+    (userSettingsMock.setAsync as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(
+      async (key: string, value: unknown) => {
+        stored[key] = value;
+        return {};
+      }
+    );
+    (userSettingsMock.getAsync as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(
+      async (key: string, defaultValue: unknown) => (key in stored ? stored[key] : defaultValue)
+    );
+  }
+
+  it('returns the persisted analytics device ID', async () => {
+    const analytics = await createAnalyticsAsync();
+    expect(analytics.getDeviceId()).toBe('persistent-device-id');
+  });
+
+  it('creates and persists a device ID when none is stored', async () => {
+    userSettingsMock.getAsync.mockImplementation(async (key, defaultValue) =>
+      key === 'analyticsDeviceId' ? null : defaultValue
+    );
+    const analytics = await createAnalyticsAsync();
+    const deviceId = analytics.getDeviceId();
+    expect(deviceId).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f-]{36}$/);
+    expect(userSettingsMock.setAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('analyticsDeviceId', deviceId);
+  });
+
+  it('is null when DISABLE_EAS_ANALYTICS is set', async () => {
+    useInMemoryUserSettings({ analyticsDeviceId: 'persistent-device-id' });
+    process.env.DISABLE_EAS_ANALYTICS = '1';
+    const analytics = await createAnalyticsAsync();
+    expect(analytics.getDeviceId()).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('is null when running behind https_proxy', async () => {
+    process.env.https_proxy = 'http://proxy.local:8080';
+    const analytics = await createAnalyticsAsync();
+    expect(analytics.getDeviceId()).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('is null when analytics were turned off with eas analytics off', async () => {
+    userSettingsMock.getAsync.mockImplementation(async (key, defaultValue) =>
+      key === 'analyticsEnabled' ? false : defaultValue
+    );
+    const analytics = await createAnalyticsAsync();
+    expect(analytics.getDeviceId()).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/billing/resolveAccount.ts

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function hasBillingPermission(permissions: readonly Permission[]): boolean {
  * Whether the viewer can manage billing on the account with the credential used for this command.
  * The scopes of a scoped credential cap `effectivePermissions`.
  */
-function canManageBilling(account: { viewerUserPermission2: ViewerPermissions }): boolean {
+export function canManageBilling(account: { viewerUserPermission2: ViewerPermissions }): boolean {
   return hasBillingPermission(account.viewerUserPermission2.effectivePermissions);
 }
 

packages/eas-cli/src/build/__tests__/freeTierLimitCheckout-test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+import type { ExperimentationDefinition } from '@expo/experimentation';
+import { Platform } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+
+import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../../analytics/agent';
+import { BillingClient } from '../../billing/billingClient';
+import { openOrPrintUrlAsync } from '../../billing/openUrl';
+import { ExperimentOverrides } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentOverrides';
+import {
+  EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+  ExperimentationClient,
+  createLoggerConfig,
+} from '../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import { createMockAnalytics, findUnitsByValue } from '../../experimentation/__tests__/fixtures';
+import { getMockViewerUserPermission } from '../../__tests__/viewerUserPermission';
+import { Permission, Role } from '../../graphql/generated';
+import Log from '../../log';
+import { ora } from '../../ora';
+import { confirmAsync } from '../../prompts';
+import { Actor } from '../../user/User';
+import {
+  FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE,
+  FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment,
+  getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment,
+  isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout,
+  maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync,
+  resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync,
+} from '../freeTierLimitCheckout';
+
+jest.mock('../../analytics/agent');
+jest.mock('../../billing/billingClient');
+jest.mock('../../billing/openUrl');
+jest.mock('../../ora');
+jest.mock('../../prompts');
+
+const EXPERIMENT_NAME = 'cli-build-free-tier-limit-checkout';
+const ACCOUNT_NAME = 'acme';
+const AUTHENTICATION_INFO = { accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null } as const;
+const ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES = { tracking_id: 'tracking-id', platform: Platform.ANDROID };
+const LIMIT_MESSAGE = 'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account acme to upgrade to the Starter plan.';
+
+/** Every account is in the experiment: 50% control, 50% treatment. */
+const ACCOUNT_DEFINITION: ExperimentationDefinition = {
+  experiments: [
+    {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      paramDefinitions: {
+        variant: { type: 'uniform_choice', choices: ['control', 'treatment'] },
+      },
+      exposureLoggerType: 'rudderstack',
+    },
+  ],
+  namespaces: [
+    {
+      name: FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE,
+      numSegments: 1000,
+      segmentExperimentSetupDefinitions: [
+        {
+          method: 'ADD',
+          name: `${EXPERIMENT_NAME} full`,
+          experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+          numSegments: 1000,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+function createClient(definition: ExperimentationDefinition = ACCOUNT_DEFINITION): {
+  client: ExperimentationClient;
+  analytics: ReturnType<typeof createMockAnalytics>;
+} {
+  const analytics = createMockAnalytics();
+  const client = new ExperimentationClient(
+    {
+      user: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+      account: definition,
+      device: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+    },
+    { user: null, device: null },
+    ExperimentOverrides.empty(),
+    createLoggerConfig(analytics)
+  );
+  return { client, analytics };
+}
+
+/** Probes a throwaway client, so the exposures it logs do not affect the client under test. */
+function findAccountIdsByVariant(): Map<string, string> {
+  const { client } = createClient();
+  return findUnitsByValue(
+    accountId =>
+      client.getAccountNamespace(FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, { accountId }),
+    'variant',
+    'control',
+    ['control', 'treatment']
+  );
+}
+
+function createOverriddenClient(variant: string): ExperimentationClient {
+  return ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(
+    new ExperimentOverrides(
+      new Map([[FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, new Map([['variant', variant]])]])
+    )
+  );
+}
+
+function account(
+  id: string,
+  role: Parameters<typeof getMockViewerUserPermission>[0],
+  { effectivePermissions }: { effectivePermissions?: Permission[] } = {}
+): Actor['accounts'][number] {
+  const viewerUserPermission2 = getMockViewerUserPermission(role);
+  return {
+    id,
+    name: ACCOUNT_NAME,
+    viewerUserPermission2: {
+      ...viewerUserPermission2,
+      effectivePermissions: effectivePermissions ?? viewerUserPermission2.effectivePermissions,
+    },
+  } as Actor['accounts'][number];
+}
+
+function createExperiment(
+  accountId: string,
+  {
+    client = createClient().client,
+    accounts = [account(accountId, Role.Admin)],
+    nonInteractive = false,
+    runFromCI = false,
+    analytics = createMockAnalytics(),
+  }: {
+    client?: ExperimentationClient;
+    accounts?: Actor['accounts'];
+    nonInteractive?: boolean;
+    runFromCI?: boolean;
+    analytics?: ReturnType<typeof createMockAnalytics>;
+  } = {}
+): FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment {
+  return {
+    experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+    authenticationInfo: AUTHENTICATION_INFO,
+    analytics,
+    analyticsEventProperties: ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES,
+    actor: { id: 'actor-id', accounts } as Actor,
+    accountId,
+    accountName: ACCOUNT_NAME,
+    nonInteractive,
+    runFromCI,
+  };
+}
+
+const accountIdsByVariant = findAccountIdsByVariant();
+const treatmentAccountId = accountIdsByVariant.get('treatment')!;
+const controlAccountId = accountIdsByVariant.get('control')!;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  jest.resetAllMocks();
+  jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+});
+
+describe(getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment, () => {
+  const ctx = {
+    analytics: createMockAnalytics(),
+    analyticsEventProperties: ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES,
+    user: { id: 'actor-id', accounts: [] } as unknown as Actor,
+    accountId: 'account-id',
+    accountName: ACCOUNT_NAME,
+    nonInteractive: false,
+    runFromCI: false,
+  };
+
+  it('returns the handle when the command has an experimentation client and auth info', () => {
+    const experimentation = new LazyExperimentationClient(async () => createClient().client);
+
+    expect(
+      getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment({
+        ...ctx,
+        experimentation,
+        authenticationInfo: AUTHENTICATION_INFO,
+      })
+    ).toEqual({
+      experimentation,
+      authenticationInfo: AUTHENTICATION_INFO,
+      analytics: ctx.analytics,
+      analyticsEventProperties: ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES,
+      actor: ctx.user,
+      accountId: 'account-id',
+      accountName: ACCOUNT_NAME,
+      nonInteractive: false,
+      runFromCI: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when the command has no experimentation client', () => {
+    expect(
+      getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment({ ...ctx, authenticationInfo: AUTHENTICATION_INFO })
+    ).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when the command has no auth info', () => {
+    expect(
+      getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment({
+        ...ctx,
+        experimentation: new LazyExperimentationClient(async () => createClient().client),
+      })
+    ).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe(isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout, () => {
+  it.each([
+    ['admins', Role.Admin],
+    ['owners', Role.Owner],
+  ] as const)('accepts %s at an interactive terminal', (_label, role) => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(
+        createExperiment('account-id', { accounts: [account('account-id', role)] })
+      )
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects admins whose credential scopes do not allow managing billing', () => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(
+        createExperiment('account-id', {
+          accounts: [
+            account('account-id', Role.Admin, { effectivePermissions: [Permission.View] }),
+          ],
+        })
+      )
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    ['developers', Role.Developer],
+    ['view-only members', Role.ViewOnly],
+  ] as const)('rejects %s', (_label, role) => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(
+        createExperiment('account-id', { accounts: [account('account-id', role)] })
+      )
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects actors who are not a member of the account', () => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(
+        createExperiment('account-id', { accounts: [account('other-account-id', Role.Admin)] })
+      )
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects non-interactive runs', () => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(createExperiment('account-id', { nonInteractive: true }))
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects runs from CI', () => {
+    expect(
+      isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(createExperiment('account-id', { runFromCI: true }))
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects runs driven by a coding agent', () => {
+    jest
+      .mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext)
+      .mockReturnValue({ id: 'claude-code', sessionId: 'session-1' });
+
+    expect(isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(createExperiment('account-id'))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe(resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync, () => {
+  it('does not load the client for ineligible runs', async () => {
+    const loadAsync = jest.fn(async () => createClient().client);
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync({
+        ...createExperiment(treatmentAccountId, { nonInteractive: true }),
+        experimentation: new LazyExperimentationClient(loadAsync),
+      })
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(loadAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('returns the account variant and logs the exposure once', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+    const experiment = createExperiment(treatmentAccountId, { client });
+
+    expect(await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(experiment)).toBe('treatment');
+    expect(await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(experiment)).toBe('treatment');
+
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Experiment Viewed', {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      variationName: 'treatment',
+      unit: treatmentAccountId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('logs the exposure for control accounts too', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(createExperiment(controlAccountId, { client }))
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Experiment Viewed', {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      variationName: 'control',
+      unit: controlAccountId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('returns control and logs no exposure when the namespace is missing from the config', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient(EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION);
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(
+        createExperiment(treatmentAccountId, { client })
+      )
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync, () => {
+  const createCheckoutSessionAsync = jest.fn();
+  const spinner = { start: jest.fn(), stop: jest.fn(), fail: jest.fn() };
+  let logErrorSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
+  let logLogSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    spinner.start.mockReturnValue(spinner);
+    jest.mocked(ora).mockReturnValue(spinner as any);
+    jest
+      .mocked(BillingClient)
+      .mockImplementation(() => ({ createCheckoutSessionAsync }) as unknown as BillingClient);
+    logErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(Log, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    logLogSpy = jest.spyOn(Log, 'log').mockImplementation(() => {});
+  });
+
+  function treatmentExperiment(
+    options: Parameters<typeof createExperiment>[1] = {}
+  ): FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment {
+    return createExperiment('account-id', { client: createOverriddenClient('treatment'), ...options });
+  }
+
+  it('does nothing when the command has no experiment handle', async () => {
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(confirmAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(logErrorSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does nothing in the control arm', async () => {
+    const experiment = createExperiment('account-id', { client: createOverriddenClient('control') });
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(false);
+    expect(confirmAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(logErrorSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(experiment.analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('does nothing for ineligible runs even in the treatment arm', async () => {
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment({ nonInteractive: true });
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(false);
+    expect(confirmAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(logErrorSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('prints the error, then asks with No as the default', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, treatmentExperiment())).toBe(
+      true
+    );
+
+    expect(logErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(LIMIT_MESSAGE);
+    expect(confirmAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { message: 'Open the Starter plan checkout in your browser now?', initial: false },
+      { onCancel: expect.any(Function) }
+    );
+    expect(logErrorSpy.mock.invocationCallOrder[0]).toBeLessThan(
+      jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mock.invocationCallOrder[0]
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the process alive on Ctrl+C so the build error still reports', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(undefined as unknown as boolean);
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment();
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(true);
+
+    const [, options] = jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mock.calls[0];
+    expect(options?.onCancel?.({} as any, {})).toBe(false);
+    expect(BillingClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(experiment.analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'build cli free tier limit checkout prompt',
+      { ...ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES, answer: 'cancel', checkout_created: false }
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('creates nothing when the person declines', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(false);
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment();
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(BillingClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(openOrPrintUrlAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(experiment.analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'build cli free tier limit checkout prompt',
+      { ...ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES, answer: 'no', checkout_created: false }
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('opens the Starter checkout when the person accepts', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
+    createCheckoutSessionAsync.mockResolvedValue({ id: 'cs_1', url: 'https://checkout.test/cs_1' });
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment();
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(BillingClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(AUTHENTICATION_INFO);
+    expect(createCheckoutSessionAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('account-id', 'STARTER');
+    expect(spinner.stop).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(spinner.fail).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(openOrPrintUrlAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://checkout.test/cs_1', {
+      label: 'Checkout page',
+      open: true,
+    });
+    expect(logLogSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(experiment.analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'build cli free tier limit checkout prompt',
+      { ...ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES, answer: 'yes', checkout_created: true }
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('prints the billing link when the checkout session request fails', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
+    createCheckoutSessionAsync.mockRejectedValue(new Error('network down'));
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment();
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(spinner.fail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Failed to create a checkout session');
+    expect(openOrPrintUrlAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(logLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(`/accounts/${ACCOUNT_NAME}/settings/billing`)
+    );
+    expect(experiment.analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'build cli free tier limit checkout prompt',
+      { ...ANALYTICS_EVENT_PROPERTIES, answer: 'yes', checkout_created: false }
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('prints the billing link when the checkout session has no URL', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(confirmAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
+    createCheckoutSessionAsync.mockResolvedValue({ id: 'cs_1', url: null });
+    const experiment = treatmentExperiment();
+
+    expect(await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(LIMIT_MESSAGE, experiment)).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(spinner.fail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Failed to create a checkout session');
+    expect(openOrPrintUrlAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(logLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(`/accounts/${ACCOUNT_NAME}/settings/billing`)
+    );
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/build/__tests__/freeTierLimitGuidance-test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import type { ExperimentationDefinition } from '@expo/experimentation';
+import { Platform } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+
+import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../../analytics/agent';
+import { ExperimentOverrides } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentOverrides';
+import {
+  EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+  ExperimentationClient,
+  createLoggerConfig,
+} from '../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import { createMockAnalytics, findUnitsByValue } from '../../experimentation/__tests__/fixtures';
+import {
+  FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE,
+  getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment,
+  maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync,
+  resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync,
+} from '../freeTierLimitGuidance';
+
+jest.mock('../../analytics/agent');
+
+const EXPERIMENT_NAME = 'cli-build-free-tier-limit-agent-guidance';
+
+/** Every account is in the experiment: 50% control, 50% treatment. */
+const ACCOUNT_DEFINITION: ExperimentationDefinition = {
+  experiments: [
+    {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      paramDefinitions: {
+        variant: { type: 'uniform_choice', choices: ['control', 'treatment'] },
+      },
+      exposureLoggerType: 'rudderstack',
+    },
+  ],
+  namespaces: [
+    {
+      name: FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE,
+      numSegments: 1000,
+      segmentExperimentSetupDefinitions: [
+        {
+          method: 'ADD',
+          name: `${EXPERIMENT_NAME} full`,
+          experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+          numSegments: 1000,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+function createClient(): {
+  client: ExperimentationClient;
+  analytics: ReturnType<typeof createMockAnalytics>;
+} {
+  const analytics = createMockAnalytics();
+  const client = new ExperimentationClient(
+    {
+      user: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+      account: ACCOUNT_DEFINITION,
+      device: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+    },
+    { user: null, device: null },
+    ExperimentOverrides.empty(),
+    createLoggerConfig(analytics)
+  );
+  return { client, analytics };
+}
+
+/** Probes a throwaway client, so the exposures it logs do not affect the client under test. */
+function findAccountIdsByVariant(): Map<string, string> {
+  const { client } = createClient();
+  return findUnitsByValue(
+    accountId =>
+      client.getAccountNamespace(FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, {
+        accountId,
+      }),
+    'variant',
+    'control',
+    ['control', 'treatment']
+  );
+}
+
+describe(getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment, () => {
+  it('returns the handle when the command has an experimentation client', () => {
+    const experimentation = new LazyExperimentationClient(async () => createClient().client);
+
+    expect(
+      getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment({ experimentation, accountId: 'account-id' })
+    ).toEqual({ experimentation, accountId: 'account-id' });
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined when the command has no experimentation client', () => {
+    expect(getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment({ accountId: 'account-id' })).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe(resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync, () => {
+  const accountIdsByVariant = findAccountIdsByVariant();
+  const treatmentAccountId = accountIdsByVariant.get('treatment')!;
+  const controlAccountId = accountIdsByVariant.get('control')!;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetAllMocks();
+    jest
+      .mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext)
+      .mockReturnValue({ id: 'claude-code', sessionId: 'session-1' });
+  });
+
+  it('does not load the client when no coding agent runs the CLI', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+    const loadAsync = jest.fn(async () => createClient().client);
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: new LazyExperimentationClient(loadAsync),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(loadAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('loads the client once across repeated reads', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+    const loadAsync = jest.fn(async () => client);
+    const experiment = {
+      experimentation: new LazyExperimentationClient(loadAsync),
+      accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+    };
+
+    await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync(experiment);
+    await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync(experiment);
+
+    expect(loadAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('returns control and logs no exposure when no coding agent runs the CLI', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('returns the account variant and logs the exposure once when a coding agent runs the CLI', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('treatment');
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('treatment');
+
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Experiment Viewed', {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      variationName: 'treatment',
+      unit: treatmentAccountId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('logs the exposure for control accounts too', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: controlAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Experiment Viewed', {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      variationName: 'control',
+      unit: controlAccountId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('returns control and logs no exposure when the namespace is missing from the config', async () => {
+    const analytics = createMockAnalytics();
+    const client = new ExperimentationClient(
+      {
+        user: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+        account: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+        device: EMPTY_EXPERIMENTATION_DEFINITION,
+      },
+      { user: null, device: null },
+      ExperimentOverrides.empty(),
+      createLoggerConfig(analytics)
+    );
+
+    expect(
+      await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe(maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync, () => {
+  const treatmentAccountId = findAccountIdsByVariant().get('treatment')!;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetAllMocks();
+    jest
+      .mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext)
+      .mockReturnValue({ id: 'claude-code', sessionId: 'session-1' });
+  });
+
+  it('returns the message unchanged and logs no exposure when the command has no experimentation client', async () => {
+    expect(await maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync('Error 1', Platform.ANDROID, undefined)).toBe(
+      'Error 1'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('logs the exposure and appends the guidance in the treatment arm', async () => {
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync('Error 1', Platform.IOS, {
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe(
+      [
+        'Error 1',
+        'Fix: Human required: iOS builds for this account are blocked until the Free plan resets. Upgrading costs money, so an account owner or admin decides.',
+      ].join('\n')
+    );
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Experiment Viewed', {
+      experimentName: EXPERIMENT_NAME,
+      variationName: 'treatment',
+      unit: treatmentAccountId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('returns the message unchanged in the control arm', async () => {
+    const client = ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(
+      new ExperimentOverrides(
+        new Map([
+          [FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, new Map([['variant', 'control']])],
+        ])
+      )
+    );
+
+    expect(
+      await maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync('Error 1', Platform.ANDROID, {
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('Error 1');
+  });
+
+  it('returns the message unchanged and logs no exposure when no coding agent runs the CLI', async () => {
+    jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+    const { client, analytics } = createClient();
+
+    expect(
+      await maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync('Error 1', Platform.ANDROID, {
+        experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(client),
+        accountId: treatmentAccountId,
+      })
+    ).toBe('Error 1');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/build/__tests__/handleBuildRequestError-test.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@ import { CombinedError } from '@urql/core';
 import { GraphQLError } from 'graphql/error';
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
 
-import { getError } from '../../__tests__/commands/utils';
+import { getErrorAsync } from '../../__tests__/commands/utils';
+import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../../analytics/agent';
 import { EasCommandError } from '../../commandUtils/errors';
 import Build from '../../commands/build';
+import { ExperimentOverrides } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentOverrides';
+import { ExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
 import Log, { link } from '../../log';
-import { handleBuildRequestError } from '../build';
+import { handleBuildRequestErrorAsync } from '../build';
 import {
   EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError,
   EasBuildFreeTierDisabledAndroidError,
@@ -20,11 +24,45 @@ import {
   RequestValidationError,
   TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError,
 } from '../errors';
+import {
+  FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment,
+  maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync,
+} from '../freeTierLimitCheckout';
+import {
+  FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE,
+  FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment,
+} from '../freeTierLimitGuidance';
+
+jest.mock('../../analytics/agent');
+jest.mock('../freeTierLimitCheckout', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../freeTierLimitCheckout'),
+  maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+const CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT = { accountId: 'account-id' } as FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment;
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   jest.resetAllMocks();
+  jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+  jest.mocked(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).mockResolvedValue(false);
 });
 
+/** An experiment handle whose client is forced to the given variant through an override. */
+function createExperiment(variant: string): FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment {
+  return {
+    accountId: 'account-id',
+    experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient.fromClient(
+      ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(
+        new ExperimentOverrides(
+          new Map([
+            [FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, new Map([['variant', variant]])],
+          ])
+        )
+      )
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
 const EXPECTED_STRINGIFIED_GRAPHQL_ERROR_JSON = `Build request error details:
 {
   "message": "[GraphQL] Error 1\\n[GraphQL] Error 2\\n[GraphQL] Error 3",
@@ -67,11 +105,15 @@ const getGraphQLError = (message: string, errorCode: string): GraphQLError => {
 
 const assertReThrownError = (
   caughtError: CombinedError | Error,
-  expectedType: typeof EasCommandError,
-  expectedMessage: string = 'Error 1'
+  expectedType: new (...args: any[]) => Error,
+  expectedMessage: string = 'Error 1',
+  { messageAlreadyPrinted = false }: { messageAlreadyPrinted?: boolean } = {}
 ): void => {
   expect(caughtError).toBeInstanceOf(expectedType);
   expect((caughtError as Error).message).toEqual(expectedMessage);
+  expect((caughtError as EasCommandError).messageAlreadyPrinted ?? false).toBe(
+    messageAlreadyPrinted
+  );
 };
 
 describe(Build.name, () => {
@@ -84,7 +126,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
         const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
         try {
-          handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
         } catch {}
 
         expect(logDebugSpy).toBeCalledWith(EXPECTED_STRINGIFIED_GRAPHQL_ERROR_JSON);
@@ -97,7 +139,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
         const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
         try {
-          handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
         } catch {}
 
         expect(logDebugSpy).toBeCalledWith(EXPECTED_STRINGIFIED_GRAPHQL_ERROR_JSON);
@@ -111,7 +153,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
         const error = new Error('Generic error');
 
         try {
-          handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
         } catch {}
 
         expect(logDebugSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -123,7 +165,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
         const error = new Error('Generic error');
 
         try {
-          handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
         } catch {}
 
         expect(logDebugSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -139,9 +181,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -162,8 +204,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
             const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError =
-              getError<EasBuildResourceClassNotAvailableInFreeTierError>(() => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+              await getErrorAsync<EasBuildResourceClassNotAvailableInFreeTierError>(async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               });
 
             assertReThrownError(
@@ -180,9 +222,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -203,8 +245,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
             const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError =
-              getError<EasBuildResourceClassNotAvailableInFreeTierError>(() => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+              await getErrorAsync<EasBuildResourceClassNotAvailableInFreeTierError>(async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               });
 
             assertReThrownError(
@@ -224,9 +266,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -244,9 +286,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -266,7 +308,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
           try {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           } catch (caughtError) {
             assertReThrownError(caughtError as Error, EasBuildFreeTierDisabledIOSError, 'Error 1');
           }
@@ -279,9 +321,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledAndroidError>(
-            () => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledAndroidError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             }
           );
 
@@ -300,9 +342,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
-            () => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform, accountName);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName);
             }
           );
 
@@ -313,6 +355,262 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           );
         });
       });
+      describe('for free tier limit errors in the agent guidance experiment', () => {
+        beforeEach(() => {
+          jest
+            .mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext)
+            .mockReturnValue({ id: 'claude-code', sessionId: 'session-1' });
+        });
+
+        it('appends the human required block for Android in the treatment arm', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName, createExperiment('treatment'));
+            }
+          );
+
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError,
+            [
+              'Error 1',
+              'Run eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.',
+              'Fix: Human required: Android builds for this account are blocked until the Free plan resets. Upgrading costs money, so an account owner or admin decides.',
+            ].join('\n')
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('appends the human required block for iOS in the treatment arm', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.IOS;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_IOS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError =
+            await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName, createExperiment('treatment'));
+            });
+
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError,
+            [
+              'Error 1',
+              'Run eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.',
+              'Fix: Human required: iOS builds for this account are blocked until the Free plan resets. Upgrading costs money, so an account owner or admin decides.',
+            ].join('\n')
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('does not append the block in the control arm', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName, createExperiment('control'));
+            }
+          );
+
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError,
+            'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.'
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('does not append the block when no coding agent runs the CLI', async () => {
+          jest.mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext).mockReturnValue(null);
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName, createExperiment('treatment'));
+            }
+          );
+
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError,
+            'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.'
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('does not append the block to other server-side errors', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_DISABLED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, undefined, createExperiment('treatment'));
+            }
+          );
+
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError,
+            'Error 1'
+          );
+        });
+      });
+      describe('for free tier limit errors in the checkout experiment', () => {
+        it('offers the checkout with the limit message and marks the message as printed', async () => {
+          jest.mocked(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+          const expectedMessage =
+            'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.';
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+                error,
+                platform,
+                accountName,
+                undefined,
+                CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+              );
+            }
+          );
+
+          expect(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            expectedMessage,
+            CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+          );
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError,
+            expectedMessage,
+            { messageAlreadyPrinted: true }
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('offers the checkout for the iOS limit error too', async () => {
+          jest.mocked(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).mockResolvedValue(true);
+          const platform = Platform.IOS;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_IOS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+          const expectedMessage =
+            'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.';
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError =
+            await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+                error,
+                platform,
+                accountName,
+                undefined,
+                CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+              );
+            });
+
+          expect(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            expectedMessage,
+            CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+          );
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError,
+            expectedMessage,
+            { messageAlreadyPrinted: true }
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('leaves the message for the command to print when nothing was offered', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+                error,
+                platform,
+                accountName,
+                undefined,
+                CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+              );
+            }
+          );
+
+          expect(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierLimitExceededError,
+            'Error 1\nRun eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.',
+            { messageAlreadyPrinted: false }
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('passes the agent guidance along when both experiments are present', async () => {
+          jest
+            .mocked(getAgentTelemetryContext)
+            .mockReturnValue({ id: 'claude-code', sessionId: 'session-1' });
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const accountName = 'test-account';
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          await getErrorAsync(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+              error,
+              platform,
+              accountName,
+              createExperiment('treatment'),
+              CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+            );
+          });
+
+          expect(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            [
+              'Error 1',
+              'Run eas billing:subscribe starter --account test-account to upgrade to the Starter plan.',
+              'Fix: Human required: Android builds for this account are blocked until the Free plan resets. Upgrading costs money, so an account owner or admin decides.',
+            ].join('\n'),
+            CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+          );
+        });
+
+        it('does not offer the checkout for other server-side errors', async () => {
+          const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
+          const graphQLError = getGraphQLError('Error 1', 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_DISABLED');
+          const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors: [graphQLError] });
+
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError>(
+            async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+                error,
+                platform,
+                undefined,
+                undefined,
+                CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT
+              );
+            }
+          );
+
+          expect(maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+          assertReThrownError(
+            handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError,
+            EasBuildFreeTierDisabledError,
+            'Error 1'
+          );
+        });
+      });
       describe('for EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_IOS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED', () => {
         it('throws correct EasCommandError subclass', async () => {
           const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
@@ -322,8 +620,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
           const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError =
-            getError<EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform, accountName);
+            await getErrorAsync<EasBuildFreeTierIosLimitExceededError>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform, accountName);
             });
 
           assertReThrownError(
@@ -342,8 +640,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<RequestValidationError>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<RequestValidationError>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(
@@ -360,8 +658,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<RequestValidationError>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<RequestValidationError>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(
@@ -383,9 +681,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -403,9 +701,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -426,9 +724,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildTooManyPendingBuildsError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildTooManyPendingBuildsError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -446,9 +744,9 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const graphQLErrors = [graphQLError];
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<EasBuildTooManyPendingBuildsError>(
-              () => {
-                handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<EasBuildTooManyPendingBuildsError>(
+              async () => {
+                await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
               }
             );
 
@@ -471,8 +769,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
           const expectedMessage = `${EXPECTED_GENERIC_MESSAGE}\nRequest ID: ${mockRequestId}\nError message: Error 1`;
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -494,8 +792,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             `Request ID: ${mockRequestId}\n` +
             'Error message: Error 3';
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -509,8 +807,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
             const expectedMessage = `${EXPECTED_GENERIC_MESSAGE}\nError message: Error 1`;
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -537,8 +835,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
               'Response status: 400 Bad Request\n' +
               `Request ID: ${mockRequestId}`;
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -561,7 +859,7 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             });
 
             try {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             } catch {}
 
             expect(logDebugSpy).toBeCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('"graphQLErrors": []'));
@@ -597,8 +895,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
               'Response status: 400 Bad Request\n' +
               `Request ID: ${mockRequestId}`;
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -625,8 +923,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
               'Error message: Error 1\n' +
               'Response status: 400 Bad Request';
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -638,8 +936,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const error = { graphQLErrors: [], message: 'Something went wrong' };
             const expectedMessage = `${EXPECTED_GENERIC_MESSAGE}\nError message: Something went wrong`;
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -654,8 +952,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
           const expectedMessage = `${EXPECTED_GENERIC_MESSAGE}\nRequest ID: ${mockRequestId}\nError message: Error 1`;
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -677,8 +975,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             `Request ID: ${mockRequestId}\n` +
             'Error message: Error 3';
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -692,8 +990,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
             const error = new CombinedError({ graphQLErrors });
             const expectedMessage = `${EXPECTED_GENERIC_MESSAGE}\nError message: Error 1`;
 
-            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-              handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+            const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+              await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
             });
 
             assertReThrownError(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError, Error, expectedMessage);
@@ -708,8 +1006,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const platform = Platform.ANDROID;
           const error = new Error('Non-graphQL-related error');
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           expect(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError).toStrictEqual(error);
@@ -720,8 +1018,8 @@ describe(Build.name, () => {
           const platform = Platform.IOS;
           const error = new Error('Non-graphQL-related error');
 
-          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = getError<Error>(() => {
-            handleBuildRequestError(error, platform);
+          const handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError = await getErrorAsync<Error>(async () => {
+            await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(error, platform);
           });
 
           expect(handleBuildRequestErrorThrownError).toStrictEqual(error);

packages/eas-cli/src/build/build.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,16 @@ import {
   RequestValidationError,
   TurtleDeprecatedJobFormatError,
 } from './errors';
+import {
+  FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment,
+  getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment,
+  maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync,
+} from './freeTierLimitCheckout';
+import {
+  FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment,
+  getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment,
+  maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync,
+} from './freeTierLimitGuidance';
 import { transformMetadata } from './graphql';
 import { LocalBuildMode, runLocalBuildAsync } from './local';
 import {
@@ -46,9 +56,9 @@ import {
   maybeWarnAboutProjectTarballSize,
   reviewAndCommitChangesAsync,
 } from './utils/repository';
+import { getAccountBillingUrl } from './utils/url';
 import { BuildEvent } from '../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
 import { withAnalyticsAsync } from '../analytics/common';
-import { getExpoWebsiteBaseUrl } from '../api';
 import { formatStarterSubscribeCommand } from '../billing/plans';
 import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
 import { EasCommandError } from '../commandUtils/errors';
@@ -219,7 +229,13 @@ export async function prepareBuildRequestForPlatformAsync<
         });
         return await sendBuildRequestAsync(builder, job, graphqlMetadata, buildParams);
       } catch (error: any) {
-        handleBuildRequestError(error, job.platform, ctx.accountName);
+        return await handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
+          error,
+          job.platform,
+          ctx.accountName,
+          getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment(ctx),
+          getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment(ctx)
+        );
       }
     } else {
       throw new Error('Unknown localBuildMode.');
@@ -240,11 +256,13 @@ const SERVER_SIDE_DEFINED_ERRORS: Record<string, typeof EasCommandError> = {
   VALIDATION_ERROR: RequestValidationError,
 };
 
-export function handleBuildRequestError(
+export async function handleBuildRequestErrorAsync(
   error: any,
   platform: Platform,
-  accountName?: string
-): never {
+  accountName?: string,
+  freeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment?: FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment,
+  freeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment?: FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment
+): Promise<never> {
   logBuildRequestErrorDebugInfo(error);
 
   const graphQLErrors: GraphQLError[] = Array.isArray(error?.graphQLErrors)
@@ -259,11 +277,19 @@ export function handleBuildRequestError(
     const isFreeTierLimitError =
       graphQLErrorCode === 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED' ||
       graphQLErrorCode === 'EAS_BUILD_FREE_TIER_IOS_LIMIT_EXCEEDED';
-    throw new ErrorClass(
-      isFreeTierLimitError
-        ? `${message}\nRun ${formatStarterSubscribeCommand(accountName)} to upgrade to the Starter plan.`
-        : message
+    if (!isFreeTierLimitError) {
+      throw new ErrorClass(message);
+    }
+    const limitMessage = await maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync(
+      `${message}\nRun ${formatStarterSubscribeCommand(accountName)} to upgrade to the Starter plan.`,
+      platform,
+      freeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment
     );
+    const messageAlreadyPrinted = await maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(
+      limitMessage,
+      freeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment
+    );
+    throw new ErrorClass(limitMessage, { messageAlreadyPrinted });
   } else if (graphQLErrorCode === 'EAS_BUILD_DOWN_FOR_MAINTENANCE') {
     throw new EasBuildDownForMaintenanceError(
       `EAS Build is down for maintenance. Try again later. Check ${link(
@@ -680,7 +706,7 @@ async function handleSingleBuildProgressAsync(
       } else {
         updateSpinnerText(spinner, {
           text: `Build concurrency limit reached for your account. Build will enter queue once a concurrency becomes available. Add additional concurrencies at ${link(
-            formatAccountBillingUrl(accountName)
+            getAccountBillingUrl(accountName)
           )}.`,
         });
       }
@@ -703,7 +729,7 @@ async function handleSingleBuildProgressAsync(
         if (build.priority !== BuildPriority.High) {
           Log.newLine();
           Log.log('Start builds sooner in the priority queue.');
-          Log.log(`Sign up for a paid plan at ${link(formatAccountBillingUrl(accountName))}`);
+          Log.log(`Sign up for a paid plan at ${link(getAccountBillingUrl(accountName))}`);
         }
 
         Log.newLine();
@@ -895,10 +921,6 @@ function formatEstimatedWaitTime(estimatedWaitTimeLeftSeconds: number): string {
   }
 }
 
-function formatAccountBillingUrl(accountName: string): string {
-  return new URL(`/accounts/${accountName}/settings/billing`, getExpoWebsiteBaseUrl()).toString();
-}
-
 async function computeAndMaybeUploadRuntimeAndFingerprintMetadataAsync<T extends Platform>(
   ctx: BuildContext<T>
 ): Promise<{

packages/eas-cli/src/build/context.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ import { LocalBuildOptions } from './local';
 import { Analytics, AnalyticsEventProperties } from '../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
 import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
 import { CredentialsContext } from '../credentials/context';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
 import { Target } from '../credentials/ios/types';
 import { BuildResourceClass } from '../graphql/generated';
 import { GradleBuildContext } from '../project/android/gradle';
+import { LoggedInAuthenticationInfo } from '../user/SessionManager';
 import { CustomBuildConfigMetadata } from '../project/customBuildConfig';
 import { XcodeBuildContext } from '../project/ios/scheme';
 import { Actor } from '../user/User';
@@ -66,4 +68,6 @@ export interface BuildContext<T extends Platform> {
   isVerboseLoggingEnabled: boolean;
   whatToTest?: string;
   env: Env;
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  authenticationInfo?: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
 }

packages/eas-cli/src/build/createContext.ts

@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ import { Analytics, AnalyticsEventProperties, BuildEvent } from '../analytics/An
 import { DynamicConfigContextFn } from '../commandUtils/context/DynamicProjectConfigContextField';
 import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
 import { CredentialsContext } from '../credentials/context';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
 import { CustomBuildConfigMetadata } from '../project/customBuildConfig';
 import { getOwnerAccountForProjectIdAsync } from '../project/projectUtils';
 import { resolveWorkflowAsync } from '../project/workflow';
+import { LoggedInAuthenticationInfo } from '../user/SessionManager';
 import { Actor } from '../user/User';
 import { Client } from '../vcs/vcs';
 
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ export async function createBuildContextAsync<T extends Platform>({
   isVerboseLoggingEnabled,
   whatToTest,
   env,
+  experimentation,
+  authenticationInfo,
 }: {
   buildProfileName: string;
   buildProfile: BuildProfile<T>;
@@ -70,6 +74,8 @@ export async function createBuildContextAsync<T extends Platform>({
   isVerboseLoggingEnabled: boolean;
   whatToTest?: string;
   env: Env;
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  authenticationInfo?: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
 }): Promise<BuildContext<T>> {
   const { exp, projectId } = await getDynamicPrivateProjectConfigAsync({
     env,
@@ -159,6 +165,8 @@ export async function createBuildContextAsync<T extends Platform>({
     isVerboseLoggingEnabled,
     env,
     whatToTest,
+    experimentation,
+    authenticationInfo,
   };
   if (platform === Platform.ANDROID) {
     const common = commonContext as CommonContext<Platform.ANDROID>;

packages/eas-cli/src/build/freeTierLimitCheckout.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import { getAccountBillingUrl } from './utils/url';
+import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../analytics/agent';
+import { Analytics, AnalyticsEventProperties, BuildEvent } from '../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
+import { BillingClient } from '../billing/billingClient';
+import { openOrPrintUrlAsync } from '../billing/openUrl';
+import { SUBSCRIBABLE_PLANS } from '../billing/plans';
+import { canManageBilling } from '../billing/resolveAccount';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import Log, { link } from '../log';
+import { ora } from '../ora';
+import { confirmAsync } from '../prompts';
+import { LoggedInAuthenticationInfo } from '../user/SessionManager';
+import { Actor } from '../user/User';
+
+export const FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE = 'cli-build-free-tier-limit-checkout';
+
+export type FreeTierLimitCheckoutVariant = 'control' | 'treatment';
+
+export type FreeTierLimitCheckoutPromptAnswer = 'yes' | 'no' | 'cancel';
+
+export type FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment = {
+  experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  authenticationInfo: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
+  analytics: Analytics;
+  analyticsEventProperties: AnalyticsEventProperties;
+  actor: Actor;
+  accountId: string;
+  accountName: string;
+  nonInteractive: boolean;
+  runFromCI: boolean;
+};
+
+const STARTER_PLAN = SUBSCRIBABLE_PLANS.starter;
+
+export function getFreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment(ctx: {
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  authenticationInfo?: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
+  analytics: Analytics;
+  analyticsEventProperties: AnalyticsEventProperties;
+  user: Actor;
+  accountId: string;
+  accountName: string;
+  nonInteractive: boolean;
+  runFromCI: boolean;
+}): FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment | undefined {
+  if (!ctx.experimentation || !ctx.authenticationInfo) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return {
+    experimentation: ctx.experimentation,
+    authenticationInfo: ctx.authenticationInfo,
+    analytics: ctx.analytics,
+    analyticsEventProperties: ctx.analyticsEventProperties,
+    actor: ctx.user,
+    accountId: ctx.accountId,
+    accountName: ctx.accountName,
+    nonInteractive: ctx.nonInteractive,
+    runFromCI: ctx.runFromCI,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Only a person at an interactive terminal who can manage billing for the account is eligible.
+ * Non-interactive runs, CI, coding agents, and credentials that cannot manage billing are not.
+ */
+export function isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout({
+  actor,
+  accountId,
+  nonInteractive,
+  runFromCI,
+}: FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment): boolean {
+  if (nonInteractive || runFromCI || getAgentTelemetryContext()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const account = actor.accounts.find(candidate => candidate.id === accountId);
+  return account !== undefined && canManageBilling(account);
+}
+
+export async function resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(
+  experiment: FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment
+): Promise<FreeTierLimitCheckoutVariant> {
+  if (!isEligibleForFreeTierLimitCheckout(experiment)) {
+    return 'control';
+  }
+  const client = await experiment.experimentation.getClientAsync();
+  return client
+    .getAccountNamespace(FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, {
+      accountId: experiment.accountId,
+    })
+    .getParam<FreeTierLimitCheckoutVariant>('variant', 'control');
+}
+
+async function createCheckoutUrlAsync({
+  authenticationInfo,
+  accountId,
+}: FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment): Promise<string | null> {
+  const spinner = ora(`Creating a checkout session for the ${STARTER_PLAN.label} plan`).start();
+  try {
+    const session = await new BillingClient(authenticationInfo).createCheckoutSessionAsync(
+      accountId,
+      STARTER_PLAN.planType
+    );
+    if (!session.url) {
+      throw new Error('The checkout session did not include a URL.');
+    }
+    spinner.stop();
+    return session.url;
+  } catch (error) {
+    spinner.fail('Failed to create a checkout session');
+    Log.debug(error);
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * In the treatment arm, prints the limit error and offers to open the Starter plan checkout.
+ */
+export async function maybeOfferFreeTierLimitCheckoutAsync(
+  message: string,
+  experiment: FreeTierLimitCheckoutExperiment | undefined
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (!experiment || (await resolveFreeTierLimitCheckoutVariantAsync(experiment)) !== 'treatment') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Log.error(message);
+  // Ctrl+C resolves to no answer instead of exiting, so the build error below still reports.
+  const confirmed: boolean | undefined = await confirmAsync(
+    {
+      message: `Open the ${STARTER_PLAN.label} plan checkout in your browser now?`,
+      initial: false,
+    },
+    { onCancel: () => false }
+  );
+  const answer: FreeTierLimitCheckoutPromptAnswer =
+    confirmed === true ? 'yes' : confirmed === false ? 'no' : 'cancel';
+
+  let checkoutCreated = false;
+  if (answer === 'yes') {
+    const checkoutUrl = await createCheckoutUrlAsync(experiment);
+    if (checkoutUrl) {
+      checkoutCreated = true;
+      await openOrPrintUrlAsync(checkoutUrl, { label: 'Checkout page', open: true });
+    } else {
+      Log.log(`Upgrade your plan at ${link(getAccountBillingUrl(experiment.accountName))}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  experiment.analytics.logEvent(BuildEvent.FREE_TIER_LIMIT_CHECKOUT_PROMPT, {
+    ...experiment.analyticsEventProperties,
+    answer,
+    checkout_created: checkoutCreated,
+  });
+  return true;
+}

packages/eas-cli/src/build/freeTierLimitGuidance.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { Platform } from '@expo/eas-build-job';
+
+import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../analytics/agent';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import { requestedPlatformDisplayNames } from '../platform';
+
+export const FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE =
+  'cli-build-free-tier-limit-agent-guidance';
+
+export type FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariant = 'control' | 'treatment';
+
+export type FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment = {
+  experimentation: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  accountId: string;
+};
+
+export function getFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment(ctx: {
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  accountId: string;
+}): FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment | undefined {
+  return ctx.experimentation
+    ? { experimentation: ctx.experimentation, accountId: ctx.accountId }
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves the account's variant. Only runs driven by a coding agent are eligible. Other runs get
+ * control before the client loads, so they make no config request and log no exposure.
+ */
+export async function resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync({
+  experimentation,
+  accountId,
+}: FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment): Promise<FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariant> {
+  if (!getAgentTelemetryContext()) {
+    return 'control';
+  }
+  const client = await experimentation.getClientAsync();
+  return client
+    .getAccountNamespace(FREE_TIER_LIMIT_AGENT_GUIDANCE_EXPERIMENT_NAMESPACE, { accountId })
+    .getParam<FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariant>('variant', 'control');
+}
+
+export function formatFreeTierLimitAgentGuidance(platform: Platform): string {
+  const platformName = requestedPlatformDisplayNames[platform];
+  return `Fix: Human required: ${platformName} builds for this account are blocked until the Free plan resets. Upgrading costs money, so an account owner or admin decides.`;
+}
+
+export async function maybeAppendFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceAsync(
+  message: string,
+  platform: Platform,
+  experiment: FreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceExperiment | undefined
+): Promise<string> {
+  if (
+    !experiment ||
+    (await resolveFreeTierLimitAgentGuidanceVariantAsync(experiment)) !== 'treatment'
+  ) {
+    return message;
+  }
+  return `${message}\n${formatFreeTierLimitAgentGuidance(platform)}`;
+}

packages/eas-cli/src/build/runBuildAndSubmit.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ import { Analytics } from '../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
 import { createAndLinkChannelAsync, doesChannelExistAsync } from '../channel/queries';
 import { DynamicConfigContextFn } from '../commandUtils/context/DynamicProjectConfigContextField';
 import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import { LoggedInAuthenticationInfo } from '../user/SessionManager';
 import {
   AppPlatform,
   BuildFragment,
@@ -118,6 +120,8 @@ export async function runBuildAndSubmitAsync({
   getDynamicPrivateProjectConfigAsync,
   downloadSimBuildAutoConfirm,
   envOverride,
+  experimentation,
+  authenticationInfo,
 }: {
   graphqlClient: ExpoGraphqlClient;
   analytics: Analytics;
@@ -128,6 +132,10 @@ export async function runBuildAndSubmitAsync({
   getDynamicPrivateProjectConfigAsync: DynamicConfigContextFn;
   downloadSimBuildAutoConfirm?: boolean;
   envOverride?: Env;
+  /** Enables the Free plan limit experiments on the build request error path. */
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  /** Lets the Free plan limit checkout experiment create a checkout session. */
+  authenticationInfo?: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
 }): Promise<{
   buildIds: string[];
   buildProfiles?: ProfileData<'build'>[];
@@ -240,6 +248,8 @@ export async function runBuildAndSubmitAsync({
       customBuildConfigMetadata: customBuildConfigMetadataByPlatform[platform],
       env,
       easJsonAccessor,
+      experimentation,
+      authenticationInfo,
     });
     if (maybeBuild) {
       startedBuilds.push({ build: maybeBuild, buildProfile });
@@ -378,6 +388,8 @@ async function prepareAndStartBuildAsync({
   customBuildConfigMetadata,
   env,
   easJsonAccessor,
+  experimentation,
+  authenticationInfo,
 }: {
   projectDir: string;
   flags: BuildFlags;
@@ -392,6 +404,8 @@ async function prepareAndStartBuildAsync({
   customBuildConfigMetadata?: CustomBuildConfigMetadata;
   easJsonAccessor: EasJsonAccessor;
   env: Env;
+  experimentation?: LazyExperimentationClient;
+  authenticationInfo?: LoggedInAuthenticationInfo;
 }): Promise<{ build: BuildFragment | undefined; buildCtx: BuildContext<Platform> }> {
   const buildCtx = await createBuildContextAsync({
     buildProfileName: buildProfile.profileName,
@@ -417,6 +431,8 @@ async function prepareAndStartBuildAsync({
     isVerboseLoggingEnabled: flags.isVerboseLoggingEnabled ?? false,
     whatToTest: flags.whatToTest,
     env,
+    experimentation,
+    authenticationInfo,
   });
 
   if (!lockfileChecked && !flags.localBuildOptions.localBuildMode) {

packages/eas-cli/src/build/utils/url.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ export function getProjectPageUrl(
   return new URL(page ? `${projectPath}/${page}` : projectPath, getExpoWebsiteBaseUrl()).toString();
 }
 
+export function getAccountBillingUrl(accountName: string): string {
+  return new URL(`/accounts/${accountName}/settings/billing`, getExpoWebsiteBaseUrl()).toString();
+}
+
 export function getBuildLogsUrl(build: BuildFragment, hash?: string): string {
   const { app } = build;
   const url = `/accounts/${app.ownerAccount.name}/projects/${app.slug}/builds/${build.id}${

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/EasCommand.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
 import AnalyticsContextField from './context/AnalyticsContextField';
 import ContextField from './context/ContextField';
 import DynamicLoggedInContextField from './context/DynamicLoggedInContextField';
+import ExperimentationContextField from './context/ExperimentationContextField';
 import {
   DynamicPrivateProjectConfigContextField,
   DynamicPublicProjectConfigContextField,
@@ -148,6 +149,14 @@ export default abstract class EasCommand extends Command {
     ProjectId: {
       projectId: new ProjectIdContextField(),
     },
+    /**
+     * Experimentation client for user, account, and device experiments.
+     * Declare a login field first so user experiments see the actor.
+     * Account experiments take the account ID from the command.
+     */
+    Experimentation: {
+      experimentation: new ExperimentationContextField(),
+    },
   };
 
   /**
@@ -262,7 +271,9 @@ export default abstract class EasCommand extends Command {
     const commandId = this.id ?? 'unknown';
     let baseMessage = `${commandId} command failed.`;
     if (err instanceof EasCommandError) {
-      Log.error(err.message);
+      if (!err.messageAlreadyPrinted) {
+        Log.error(err.message);
+      }
     } else if (err instanceof CombinedError && err?.graphQLErrors) {
       const cleanGQLErrorsMessage = err?.graphQLErrors
         .map((graphQLError: GraphQLError) => {

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/__tests__/EasCommand-test.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ const analytics: AnalyticsWithOrchestration = {
   logEvent: jest.fn((): void => {}),
   setActor: jest.fn((): void => {}),
   flushAsync: jest.fn(async (): Promise<void> => {}),
+  getDeviceId: jest.fn((): string | null => null),
 };
 
 beforeEach(() => {
@@ -214,6 +215,30 @@ describe('EasCommand', () => {
         expect(logDebugSpy).toBeCalledWith(error);
       });
 
+      it('skips the message when the command already printed it', async () => {
+        const TestEasCommand = createTestEasCommand();
+        const Log = jest.requireMock('../../log').default;
+        const logErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(Log, 'error');
+        const logDebugSpy = jest.spyOn(Log, 'debug');
+        const { EasCommandError } = require('../errors');
+        const Sentry = jest.requireMock('../../sentry').default;
+        Sentry.withScope.mockImplementation((cb: (scope: any) => void) => {
+          cb({ setTag: jest.fn(), setExtra: jest.fn() });
+        });
+        const runAsyncMock = jest.spyOn(TestEasCommand.prototype, 'runAsync');
+        const error = new EasCommandError('Already printed', { messageAlreadyPrinted: true });
+        runAsyncMock.mockImplementation(() => {
+          throw error;
+        });
+        try {
+          await TestEasCommand.run([], mockConfig);
+        } catch {}
+
+        expect(logErrorSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(logDebugSpy).toBeCalledWith(error);
+        expect(Sentry.captureException).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+      });
+
       it('logs the cleaned message if needed', async () => {
         const TestEasCommand = createTestEasCommand();
         const Log = jest.requireMock('../../log').default;

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/context/ExperimentationContextField.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import ContextField, { ContextOptions } from './ContextField';
+import { createGraphqlClient } from './contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
+import { AnalyticsWithOrchestration } from '../../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
+import { ExperimentOverrides } from '../../experimentation/ExperimentOverrides';
+import {
+  ExperimentationClient,
+  createLoggerConfig,
+} from '../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import { LazyExperimentationClient } from '../../experimentation/LazyExperimentationClient';
+import { ExperimentationConfigQuery } from '../../graphql/queries/ExperimentationConfigQuery';
+import Log from '../../log';
+
+/** Caps how long the config fetch and the actor lookup can delay a command. */
+const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
+
+const CI_ENVIRONMENT_FLAGS = ['EAS_BUILD', 'CI'];
+
+function isRunningInCi(): boolean {
+  return CI_ENVIRONMENT_FLAGS.some(flag => !!process.env[flag]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Never prompts, throws, writes files, or reads the app config. A failed config fetch disables
+ * all scopes. CI runs skip the fetch and get defaults.
+ * The config fetch runs on the first `getClientAsync` call, so commands that never read a variant
+ * make no request.
+ */
+export default class ExperimentationContextField extends ContextField<LazyExperimentationClient> {
+  // One handle per command run, so repeated getContextAsync calls cannot log duplicate exposures.
+  private readonly clientByAnalytics = new WeakMap<
+    AnalyticsWithOrchestration,
+    LazyExperimentationClient
+  >();
+
+  async getValueAsync(options: ContextOptions): Promise<LazyExperimentationClient> {
+    let client = this.clientByAnalytics.get(options.analytics);
+    if (!client) {
+      client = new LazyExperimentationClient(() => this.buildClientAsync(options));
+      this.clientByAnalytics.set(options.analytics, client);
+    }
+    return client;
+  }
+
+  private async buildClientAsync({
+    sessionManager,
+    analytics,
+  }: ContextOptions): Promise<ExperimentationClient> {
+    const overrides = ExperimentOverrides.fromEnv();
+
+    if (isRunningInCi()) {
+      Log.debug('[experimentation] Running in CI. Experiments return defaults.');
+      return ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(overrides);
+    }
+
+    const deviceId = analytics.getDeviceId();
+    if (deviceId === null) {
+      Log.debug('[experimentation] Analytics is disabled. Experiments return defaults.');
+      return ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(overrides);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const graphqlClient = createGraphqlClient(
+        {
+          accessToken: sessionManager.getAccessToken(),
+          sessionSecret: sessionManager.getSessionSecret(),
+        },
+        { requestTimeoutMs: REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS }
+      );
+
+      // The session manager skips the request once an actor is cached. Without a cached actor
+      // (for example, a stale session) it makes its own request, so it needs the same cap.
+      const [actorResult, configsResult] = await Promise.allSettled([
+        sessionManager.getUserAsync({ requestTimeoutMs: REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS }),
+        ExperimentationConfigQuery.getConfigsAsync(graphqlClient),
+      ]);
+
+      if (configsResult.status === 'rejected') {
+        Log.debug(
+          '[experimentation] Failed to fetch the experiment config. Experiments return defaults.',
+          errorMessage(configsResult.reason)
+        );
+        return ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(overrides);
+      }
+
+      const configs = configsResult.value;
+      return new ExperimentationClient(
+        {
+          user: configs.userConfig,
+          account: configs.accountConfig,
+          device: configs.deviceConfig,
+        },
+        {
+          user: actorResult.status === 'fulfilled' ? (actorResult.value?.id ?? null) : null,
+          device: deviceId,
+        },
+        overrides,
+        createLoggerConfig(analytics)
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      Log.debug(
+        '[experimentation] Failed to initialize experiments. Experiments return defaults.',
+        errorMessage(error)
+      );
+      return ExperimentationClient.createDisabled(overrides);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function errorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+}

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/context/__tests__/ExperimentationContextField-test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import { anything, deepEqual, instance, mock, verify, when } from 'ts-mockito';
+
+import { AnalyticsWithOrchestration } from '../../../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
+import { TEST_DEFINITION } from '../../../experimentation/__tests__/fixtures';
+import { ExperimentationConfigQuery } from '../../../graphql/queries/ExperimentationConfigQuery';
+import Log from '../../../log';
+import SessionManager from '../../../user/SessionManager';
+import { Actor } from '../../../user/User';
+import { ContextOptions } from '../ContextField';
+import { ExperimentationClient } from '../../../experimentation/ExperimentationClient';
+import ExperimentationContextField from '../ExperimentationContextField';
+import { createGraphqlClient } from '../contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
+
+jest.mock('../../../env', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  default: { experimentOverride: undefined as string | undefined },
+}));
+jest.mock('../../../graphql/queries/ExperimentationConfigQuery');
+jest.mock('../../../log');
+jest.mock('../contextUtils/createGraphqlClient');
+
+const mockEnv = jest.requireMock('../../../env').default as { experimentOverride?: string };
+const getConfigsAsyncMock = jest.mocked(ExperimentationConfigQuery.getConfigsAsync);
+const fakeGraphqlClient = { fake: true } as any;
+
+const actor = { __typename: 'User', id: 'user-1' } as unknown as Actor;
+const emptyDefinition = { experiments: [], namespaces: [] };
+const allConfigs = {
+  userConfig: TEST_DEFINITION,
+  accountConfig: TEST_DEFINITION,
+  deviceConfig: TEST_DEFINITION,
+};
+
+function createAnalytics(deviceId: string | null = 'device-1'): AnalyticsWithOrchestration & {
+  logEvent: jest.Mock;
+} {
+  return {
+    logEvent: jest.fn(),
+    setActor: jest.fn(),
+    flushAsync: jest.fn(),
+    getDeviceId: jest.fn(() => deviceId),
+  };
+}
+
+function createSessionManager({ loggedOut = false }: { loggedOut?: boolean } = {}): {
+  sessionManager: SessionManager;
+  mocked: SessionManager;
+} {
+  const mocked = mock<SessionManager>();
+  when(mocked.getAccessToken()).thenReturn(null);
+  when(mocked.getSessionSecret()).thenReturn(loggedOut ? null : 'secret');
+  when(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).thenResolve(loggedOut ? undefined : actor);
+  return { sessionManager: instance(mocked), mocked };
+}
+
+function options(overrides: Partial<ContextOptions> = {}): ContextOptions {
+  return {
+    nonInteractive: false,
+    sessionManager: createSessionManager().sessionManager,
+    analytics: createAnalytics(),
+    ...overrides,
+  } as ContextOptions;
+}
+
+/** Resolves the context and then loads the client, as a command does on its first variant read. */
+async function loadClientAsync(
+  contextOptions: ContextOptions = options()
+): Promise<ExperimentationClient> {
+  const lazyClient = await new ExperimentationContextField().getValueAsync(contextOptions);
+  return await lazyClient.getClientAsync();
+}
+
+async function flushPromisesAsync(): Promise<void> {
+  await new Promise(resolve => setImmediate(resolve));
+}
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  process.env = ORIGINAL_ENV;
+});
+
+const ORIGINAL_ENV = process.env;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  jest.clearAllMocks();
+  process.env = { ...ORIGINAL_ENV };
+  delete process.env.CI;
+  delete process.env.EAS_BUILD;
+  mockEnv.experimentOverride = undefined;
+  jest.mocked(createGraphqlClient).mockReturnValue(fakeGraphqlClient);
+  getConfigsAsyncMock.mockResolvedValue(allConfigs);
+});
+
+describe(ExperimentationContextField, () => {
+  it('returns a disabled client and fetches nothing when analytics is disabled', async () => {
+    const { sessionManager, mocked } = createSessionManager();
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(
+      options({ analytics: createAnalytics(null), sessionManager })
+    );
+
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(createGraphqlClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    verify(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).never();
+  });
+
+  it.each(['CI', 'EAS_BUILD'])(
+    'returns a disabled client and fetches nothing when %s is set',
+    async flag => {
+      process.env[flag] = '1';
+      const { sessionManager, mocked } = createSessionManager();
+      const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ sessionManager }));
+
+      expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+      expect(client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+      expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(createGraphqlClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      verify(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).never();
+    }
+  );
+
+  it('still honors EAS_EXPERIMENT_OVERRIDE in CI', async () => {
+    process.env.CI = 'true';
+    mockEnv.experimentOverride = 'cli-full:variant=treatment';
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options());
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('treatment');
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('still honors EAS_EXPERIMENT_OVERRIDE when analytics is disabled', async () => {
+    mockEnv.experimentOverride = 'cli-full:variant=treatment';
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics: createAnalytics(null) }));
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('treatment');
+  });
+
+  it('buckets each scope on its own unit and logs exposures through analytics', async () => {
+    const analytics = createAnalytics('device-1');
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics }));
+
+    client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control');
+    client
+      .getAccountNamespace('cli-full', { accountId: 'account-1' })
+      .getParam('variant', 'control');
+    client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control');
+
+    const units = analytics.logEvent.mock.calls.map(([, properties]) => properties.unit);
+    expect(units).toEqual(['user-1', 'account-1', 'device-1']);
+    expect(createGraphqlClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { accessToken: null, sessionSecret: 'secret' },
+      { requestTimeoutMs: 3000 }
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('gives logged-out users defaults for user experiments but still runs device experiments', async () => {
+    const analytics = createAnalytics('device-1');
+    const { sessionManager } = createSessionManager({ loggedOut: true });
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics, sessionManager }));
+
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(['control', 'treatment']).toContain(
+      client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'x')
+    );
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('fails open to defaults when the config fetch rejects', async () => {
+    getConfigsAsyncMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error('offline'));
+    const analytics = createAnalytics();
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics }));
+
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(Log.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Failed to fetch'),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+    expect(Log.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(Log.warn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('returns defaults and logs nothing for empty configs, as the server sends for robots', async () => {
+    getConfigsAsyncMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      userConfig: emptyDefinition,
+      accountConfig: emptyDefinition,
+      deviceConfig: emptyDefinition,
+    });
+    const analytics = createAnalytics();
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics }));
+
+    expect(client.getUserNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('fails open to defaults when the server config is invalid', async () => {
+    getConfigsAsyncMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      ...allConfigs,
+      userConfig: {
+        experiments: TEST_DEFINITION.experiments,
+        namespaces: [
+          {
+            name: 'too-many',
+            numSegments: 10,
+            segmentExperimentSetupDefinitions: [
+              { method: 'ADD', name: 'all', experimentName: 'cli-test', numSegments: 20 },
+            ],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    });
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options());
+
+    expect(client.getDeviceNamespace('cli-full').getParam('variant', 'control')).toBe('control');
+    expect(Log.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Failed to initialize'),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('logs account exposures on the account ID the command passes', async () => {
+    const analytics = createAnalytics();
+    const client = await loadClientAsync(options({ analytics }));
+    client
+      .getAccountNamespace('cli-full', { accountId: 'picked-account' })
+      .getParam('variant', 'x');
+    expect(analytics.logEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Experiment Viewed',
+      expect.objectContaining({ unit: 'picked-account' })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('caps the actor lookup with the same timeout as the config fetch', async () => {
+    const { sessionManager, mocked } = createSessionManager();
+    await loadClientAsync(options({ sessionManager }));
+
+    verify(mocked.getUserAsync(deepEqual({ requestTimeoutMs: 3000 }))).once();
+    expect(createGraphqlClient).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), { requestTimeoutMs: 3000 });
+  });
+
+  it('runs the actor lookup and the config fetch in parallel', async () => {
+    let resolveConfigs!: (value: typeof allConfigs) => void;
+    let resolveActor!: (value: Actor) => void;
+    getConfigsAsyncMock.mockReturnValue(new Promise(resolve => (resolveConfigs = resolve)));
+    const mocked = mock<SessionManager>();
+    when(mocked.getAccessToken()).thenReturn(null);
+    when(mocked.getSessionSecret()).thenReturn('secret');
+    when(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).thenReturn(
+      new Promise(resolve => (resolveActor = resolve))
+    );
+
+    const pending = loadClientAsync(options({ sessionManager: instance(mocked) }));
+    await flushPromisesAsync();
+
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    verify(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).once();
+
+    resolveConfigs(allConfigs);
+    resolveActor(actor);
+    await expect(pending).resolves.toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('fetches nothing until a command asks for the client', async () => {
+    const { sessionManager, mocked } = createSessionManager();
+    const lazyClient = await new ExperimentationContextField().getValueAsync(
+      options({ sessionManager })
+    );
+
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(createGraphqlClient).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    verify(mocked.getUserAsync(anything())).never();
+
+    await lazyClient.getClientAsync();
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('caches one client per analytics instance so repeated context calls do not log duplicate exposures', async () => {
+    const field = new ExperimentationContextField();
+    const analytics = createAnalytics();
+    const first = await field.getValueAsync(options({ analytics }));
+    const second = await field.getValueAsync(options({ analytics }));
+    const other = await field.getValueAsync(options({ analytics: createAnalytics() }));
+
+    expect(second).toBe(first);
+    expect(other).not.toBe(first);
+    expect(await second.getClientAsync()).toBe(await first.getClientAsync());
+    expect(await other.getClientAsync()).not.toBe(await first.getClientAsync());
+    expect(getConfigsAsyncMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/context/contextUtils/__tests__/createGraphqlClient-test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { createRequest } from '@urql/core';
+import http from 'http';
+import { AddressInfo } from 'net';
+
+import { createGraphqlClient } from '../createGraphqlClient';
+
+jest.mock('../../../../api', () => ({
+  getExpoApiBaseUrl: () => process.env.CREATE_GRAPHQL_CLIENT_TEST_URL,
+}));
+
+// A plain string keeps this document out of GraphQL codegen, which scans gql tags in src/**.
+const TEST_QUERY = 'query CreateGraphqlClientTest { __typename }';
+
+function fetchOptionsOf(client: ReturnType<typeof createGraphqlClient>): RequestInit {
+  const operation = client.createRequestOperation('query', createRequest(TEST_QUERY, {}));
+  const { fetchOptions } = operation.context;
+  return typeof fetchOptions === 'function' ? fetchOptions() : (fetchOptions ?? {});
+}
+
+/** Serves one GraphQL response after `delayMs`. Returns the base URL. */
+async function startSlowServerAsync(server: http.Server, delayMs: number): Promise<string> {
+  server.on('request', (_req, res) => {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      res.setHeader('content-type', 'application/json');
+      res.end(JSON.stringify({ data: { __typename: 'RootQuery' } }));
+    }, delayMs);
+  });
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve));
+  const { port } = server.address() as AddressInfo;
+  return `http://127.0.0.1:${port}`;
+}
+
+describe(createGraphqlClient, () => {
+  it('sends the access token as a bearer header', () => {
+    const init = fetchOptionsOf(createGraphqlClient({ accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null }));
+    expect(init.headers).toEqual({ authorization: 'Bearer token' });
+  });
+
+  it('sends the session secret when there is no access token', () => {
+    const init = fetchOptionsOf(
+      createGraphqlClient({ accessToken: null, sessionSecret: 'secret' })
+    );
+    expect(init.headers).toEqual({ 'expo-session': 'secret' });
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the auth headers when a request timeout is set', () => {
+    const init = fetchOptionsOf(
+      createGraphqlClient({ accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null }, { requestTimeoutMs: 50 })
+    );
+    expect(init.headers).toEqual({ authorization: 'Bearer token' });
+  });
+
+  describe('against a slow server', () => {
+    const server = http.createServer();
+    const serverDelayMs = 2000;
+
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      process.env.CREATE_GRAPHQL_CLIENT_TEST_URL = await startSlowServerAsync(
+        server,
+        serverDelayMs
+      );
+    });
+
+    afterAll(async () => {
+      delete process.env.CREATE_GRAPHQL_CLIENT_TEST_URL;
+      server.closeAllConnections();
+      await new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        server.close(() => {
+          resolve();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('aborts the request when the timeout elapses', async () => {
+      // Only a real request proves the timeout works.
+      const client = createGraphqlClient(
+        { accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null },
+        { requestTimeoutMs: 100 }
+      );
+      const start = Date.now();
+      const result = await client.query(TEST_QUERY, {}, { noRetry: true }).toPromise();
+      expect(Date.now() - start).toBeLessThan(serverDelayMs);
+      expect(result.data).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(result.error?.networkError?.name).toBe('TimeoutError');
+      expect(result.error?.networkError?.message).toBe('Request timed out after 100 ms');
+    });
+
+    it('waits for the response when no timeout is set', async () => {
+      const client = createGraphqlClient({ accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null });
+      const result = await client.query(TEST_QUERY, {}, { noRetry: true }).toPromise();
+      expect(result.error).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(result.data).toEqual({ __typename: 'RootQuery' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('against a closed port', () => {
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      // Listen once to reserve a free port, then close so the port refuses connections.
+      const server = http.createServer();
+      process.env.CREATE_GRAPHQL_CLIENT_TEST_URL = await startSlowServerAsync(server, 0);
+      await new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+        server.close(() => {
+          resolve();
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterAll(() => {
+      delete process.env.CREATE_GRAPHQL_CLIENT_TEST_URL;
+    });
+
+    it('passes through fetch errors that are not timeouts', async () => {
+      const client = createGraphqlClient(
+        { accessToken: 'token', sessionSecret: null },
+        { requestTimeoutMs: 5000 }
+      );
+      const result = await client.query(TEST_QUERY, {}, { noRetry: true }).toPromise();
+      expect(result.data).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(result.error?.networkError).toBeDefined();
+      expect(result.error?.networkError?.name).not.toBe('TimeoutError');
+      expect(result.error?.networkError?.message).toContain('ECONNREFUSED');
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { Client, cacheExchange, createClient as createUrqlClient, fetchExchange } from '@urql/core';
 import { retryExchange } from '@urql/exchange-retry';
-import fetch from 'node-fetch';
+import fetch, {
+  RequestInfo as NodeFetchRequestInfo,
+  RequestInit as NodeFetchRequestInit,
+  Response as NodeFetchResponse,
+} from 'node-fetch';
 
 import { getExpoApiBaseUrl } from '../../../api';
 import { httpsProxyAgent } from '../../../fetch';
@@ -8,10 +12,46 @@ import { httpsProxyAgent } from '../../../fetch';
 // Extend the urql Client to allow for future customizations or type additions ahead of upstream type support.
 export interface ExpoGraphqlClient extends Client {}
 
-export function createGraphqlClient(authInfo: {
-  accessToken: string | null;
-  sessionSecret: string | null;
-}): ExpoGraphqlClient {
+export function createGraphqlClient(
+  authInfo: {
+    accessToken: string | null;
+    sessionSecret: string | null;
+  },
+  options: {
+    /** Request timeout. Kept at the client level: a per-operation `fetchOptions` in urql would replace the auth headers. */
+    requestTimeoutMs?: number;
+  } = {}
+): ExpoGraphqlClient {
+  const { requestTimeoutMs } = options;
+  // urql overwrites `fetchOptions.signal`, so the timeout must be added inside fetch.
+  const fetchWithTimeoutAsync = async (
+    url: NodeFetchRequestInfo,
+    init?: NodeFetchRequestInit
+  ): Promise<NodeFetchResponse> => {
+    if (!requestTimeoutMs) {
+      return await fetch(url, init);
+    }
+    const timeoutSignal = AbortSignal.timeout(requestTimeoutMs);
+    try {
+      return await fetch(url, {
+        ...init,
+        signal: AbortSignal.any([
+          ...(init?.signal ? [init.signal as AbortSignal] : []),
+          timeoutSignal,
+        ]),
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (timeoutSignal.aborted) {
+        const timeoutError = new Error(`Request timed out after ${requestTimeoutMs} ms`, {
+          cause: error,
+        });
+        timeoutError.name = 'TimeoutError';
+        throw timeoutError;
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  };
+
   return createUrqlClient({
     url: getExpoApiBaseUrl() + '/graphql',
     exchanges: [
@@ -29,7 +69,7 @@ export function createGraphqlClient(authInfo: {
       fetchExchange,
     ],
     // @ts-expect-error Type 'typeof fetch' is not assignable to type '(input: RequestInfo, init?: RequestInit | undefined) => Promise<Response>'.
-    fetch,
+    fetch: fetchWithTimeoutAsync,
     fetchOptions: (): RequestInit => {
       const headers: Record<string, string> = {};
       if (authInfo.accessToken) {

packages/eas-cli/src/commandUtils/errors.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 export class EasCommandError extends Error {
-  // constructor is not useless, since the constructor for Error allows for optional `message`
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-useless-constructor
-  constructor(message: string) {
+  /** True when the command already printed the message, so `EasCommand.catch` must not print it again. */
+  public readonly messageAlreadyPrinted: boolean;
+
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    { messageAlreadyPrinted = false }: { messageAlreadyPrinted?: boolean } = {}
+  ) {
     super(message);
+    this.messageAlreadyPrinted = messageAlreadyPrinted;
   }
 }

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/account/__tests__/login.test.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ const sessionManager = new SessionManager({
   logEvent: jest.fn(),
   setActor: jest.fn(),
   flushAsync: jest.fn(),
+  getDeviceId: jest.fn(),
 });
 const originalIsTTY = process.stdin.isTTY;
 const originalCI = process.env.CI;

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/analytics.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import EasCommand from '../commandUtils/EasCommand';
 import Log from '../log';
 
 export default class AnalyticsView extends EasCommand {
-  static override description = 'display or change analytics settings';
+  static override description =
+    'display or change analytics settings (disabling analytics also disables experiments)';
 
   static override args = {
     STATUS: Args.string({

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/build/index.ts

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ export default class Build extends EasCommand {
     ...this.ContextOptions.ProjectDir,
     ...this.ContextOptions.Analytics,
     ...this.ContextOptions.Vcs,
+    ...this.ContextOptions.Experimentation,
   };
 
   async runAsync(): Promise<void> {
@@ -151,11 +152,12 @@ export default class Build extends EasCommand {
     const flags = this.sanitizeFlags(rawFlags);
 
     const {
-      loggedIn: { actor, graphqlClient },
+      loggedIn: { actor, graphqlClient, authenticationInfo },
       getDynamicPrivateProjectConfigAsync,
       projectDir,
       analytics,
       vcsClient,
+      experimentation,
     } = await this.getContextAsync(Build, {
       nonInteractive: flags.nonInteractive,
       withServerSideEnvironment: null,
@@ -182,6 +184,8 @@ export default class Build extends EasCommand {
       flags: flagsWithPlatform,
       actor,
       getDynamicPrivateProjectConfigAsync,
+      experimentation,
+      authenticationInfo,
     });
 
     this.maybeSuggestUsingEasBuildDev({

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/__tests__/control.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+import { Config } from '@oclif/core';
+import * as fs from 'fs-extra';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+
+import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../../../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
+import {
+  AppPlatform,
+  DeviceRunSessionByIdQuery,
+  DeviceRunSessionStatus,
+  DeviceRunSessionType,
+  JobRunStatus,
+} from '../../../graphql/generated';
+import { DeviceRunSessionQuery } from '../../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionQuery';
+import Log from '../../../log';
+import { loadSimulatorEnvAsync } from '../../../simulator/env';
+import {
+  HostActionCatalog,
+  HostActionResult,
+  connectHostActionsAsync,
+} from '../../../simulator/hostActions';
+import { enableJsonOutput, printJsonOnlyOutput } from '../../../utils/json';
+import SimulatorControl from '../control';
+
+jest.mock('../../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionQuery');
+jest.mock('../../../log');
+jest.mock('../../../simulator/env', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../../simulator/env'),
+  loadSimulatorEnvAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
+jest.mock('../../../simulator/hostActions', () => ({
+  ...jest.requireActual('../../../simulator/hostActions'),
+  connectHostActionsAsync: jest.fn(),
+}));
+jest.mock('../../../ora', () => ({
+  ora: jest.fn(() => {
+    const spinner = {
+      fail: jest.fn(),
+      start: jest.fn(),
+      succeed: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    spinner.start.mockReturnValue(spinner);
+    return spinner;
+  }),
+}));
+jest.mock('../../../utils/json');
+
+type DeviceRunSessionById = DeviceRunSessionByIdQuery['deviceRunSessions']['byId'];
+
+const catalog: HostActionCatalog = require('../../../simulator/__tests__/fixtures/hostActionCatalog.json');
+
+const mockByIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionQuery.byIdAsync);
+const mockConnectHostActionsAsync = jest.mocked(connectHostActionsAsync);
+const mockEnableJsonOutput = jest.mocked(enableJsonOutput);
+const mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput = jest.mocked(printJsonOnlyOutput);
+
+function makeDeviceRunSession(
+  overrides: Partial<DeviceRunSessionById> = {}
+): DeviceRunSessionById & { publicPreview: boolean } {
+  return {
+    id: 'session-123',
+    name: null,
+    tags: [],
+    publicPreview: false,
+    status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.InProgress,
+    type: DeviceRunSessionType.WebPreviewOnly,
+    platform: AppPlatform.Ios,
+    createdAt: '2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    startedAt: '2025-01-01T00:00:05.000Z',
+    finishedAt: null,
+    updatedAt: '2025-01-01T00:01:00.000Z',
+    app: {
+      id: 'app-123',
+      slug: 'testapp',
+      ownerAccount: { id: 'account-123', name: 'testuser' },
+    },
+    artifacts: [],
+    remoteConfig: {
+      __typename: 'WebPreviewOnlyRunSessionRemoteConfig',
+      previewUrl: 'https://expo.dev/preview',
+      previewToken: 'preview-token',
+      previewApiUrl: 'https://sim.example.test',
+    },
+    turtleJobRun: { id: 'job-123', status: JobRunStatus.InProgress },
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function getMockOclifConfig(): Config {
+  const config = new Config({ root: __dirname });
+  config.runHook = async () => ({
+    failures: [],
+    successes: [],
+  });
+  return config;
+}
+
+describe(SimulatorControl, () => {
+  const graphqlClient = {} as ExpoGraphqlClient;
+  const mockConfig = getMockOclifConfig();
+  const projectDir = '/test/project';
+  const ok = (stdout: string): HostActionResult => ({ stdout, stderr: '', exitCode: 0 });
+  let actionResult: HostActionResult;
+  let served: HostActionCatalog;
+  let tmpDir: string;
+  const requestAsync = jest.fn(
+    async (action: string, params: Record<string, unknown> = {}): Promise<HostActionResult> => {
+      switch (action) {
+        case 'actions.describe':
+          return ok(JSON.stringify(served));
+        case 'upload.append':
+          return ok(`/tmp/serve-sim-uploads/${params.uploadId}\n`);
+        case 'upload.remove':
+          return ok('');
+        case 'file.readBase64':
+          return ok(Buffer.from('png bytes').toString('base64'));
+        default:
+          return actionResult;
+      }
+    }
+  );
+  const close = jest.fn();
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    jest.mocked(loadSimulatorEnvAsync).mockResolvedValue();
+    mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(makeDeviceRunSession());
+    mockConnectHostActionsAsync.mockResolvedValue({ requestAsync, close });
+    actionResult = ok('off\n');
+    served = catalog;
+    tmpDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'simulator-control-'));
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await fs.remove(tmpDir);
+  });
+
+  function createCommand(argv: string[]): SimulatorControl {
+    const command = new SimulatorControl(argv, mockConfig);
+    // @ts-expect-error getContextAsync is protected
+    jest.spyOn(command, 'getContextAsync').mockResolvedValue({
+      loggedIn: { graphqlClient },
+      projectDir,
+    });
+    return command;
+  }
+
+  function actionRequests(): Parameters<typeof requestAsync>[] {
+    return requestAsync.mock.calls.filter(([action]) => action !== 'actions.describe');
+  }
+
+  it.each([['--id='], ['--id', '']])('refuses an empty session ID in %j', async (...flags) => {
+    const env = jest.replaceProperty(process, 'env', {
+      ...process.env,
+      EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_ID: 'env-session',
+    });
+    try {
+      await expect(
+        createCommand(['hardwareKeyboard.set', 'off', ...flags]).runAsync()
+      ).rejects.toThrow('--id needs a simulator session ID.');
+      expect(loadSimulatorEnvAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockByIdAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockConnectHostActionsAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    } finally {
+      env.restore();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('uses the environment session when --id is absent', async () => {
+    const env = jest.replaceProperty(process, 'env', {
+      ...process.env,
+      EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_ID: 'env-session',
+    });
+    try {
+      await createCommand(['hardwareKeyboard.set', 'off']).runAsync();
+      expect(mockByIdAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(graphqlClient, 'env-session');
+    } finally {
+      env.restore();
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('runs an action from the catalog with its values and prints the output', async () => {
+    await createCommand(['hardwareKeyboard.set', 'off', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockByIdAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(graphqlClient, 'session-123');
+    expect(mockConnectHostActionsAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      apiUrl: 'https://sim.example.test',
+      token: 'preview-token',
+    });
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([['hardwareKeyboard.set', { value: 'off' }]]);
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith('off');
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it.each([false, true])('lists the actions of the session with --list=%s', async list => {
+    await createCommand([...(list ? ['--list'] : []), '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    const lines = jest.mocked(Log.log).mock.calls.map(([line]) => String(line));
+    expect(lines.pop()).toBe('For action usage: eas simulator:control <action> --help');
+    expect(lines.flatMap(line => line.trim().split(/\s+/)).sort()).toEqual(
+      Object.keys(catalog).sort()
+    );
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each(['--help', '-h'])('shows action help with %s without running the action', async help => {
+    await createCommand(['permissions.set', help, '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '  Grant, revoke or reset one permission for an app.'
+    );
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '    eas simulator:control permissions.set <action> <service> <bundleId>'
+    );
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('shows local file guidance without validating output or uploading files', async () => {
+    await createCommand([
+      'screenshot.capture',
+      '--help',
+      '--output',
+      '/missing/folder/screen.png',
+      '--id',
+      'session-123',
+    ]).runAsync();
+
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '    eas simulator:control screenshot.capture [fileName]'
+    );
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '    --output <path>    Local filename or existing directory.'
+    );
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('prints the host action schema as JSON for help', async () => {
+    await createCommand(['app.install', '--help', '--json', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      action: 'app.install',
+      ...catalog['app.install'],
+    });
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects unknown actions in help and closes the connection', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['unknown.action', '--help', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Unknown simulator action "unknown.action"');
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('prints parsed JSON output', async () => {
+    actionResult = ok('{"voiceover":"off"}\n');
+
+    await createCommand(['permissions.list', '--id', 'session-123', '--json']).runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockEnableJsonOutput).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      id: 'session-123',
+      action: 'permissions.list',
+      output: { voiceover: 'off' },
+      file: null,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('uploads a local file for an action that takes one and removes it after', async () => {
+    const localFile = path.join(tmpDir, 'MyApp.ipa');
+    await fs.writeFile(localFile, 'app bytes');
+    actionResult = ok('');
+
+    await createCommand(['app.install', localFile, '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    const requests = actionRequests();
+    const uploadId = requests[0][1]?.uploadId;
+    expect(requests).toEqual([
+      [
+        'upload.append',
+        { uploadId, data: Buffer.from('app bytes').toString('base64'), first: true },
+      ],
+      ['app.install', { path: `/tmp/serve-sim-uploads/${uploadId}` }],
+      ['upload.remove', { uploadId }],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('sends the upload ID to an action that asks for it', async () => {
+    const localFile = path.join(tmpDir, 'session.json');
+    await fs.writeFile(localFile, '{}');
+    actionResult = ok('');
+    served = {
+      ...catalog,
+      'app.file.upload': {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          udid: { type: 'string' },
+          bundleId: { type: 'string' },
+          relativePath: { type: 'string' },
+          uploadId: { type: 'string' },
+        },
+        upload: 'uploadId',
+        uploadAs: 'id',
+      },
+    };
+
+    await createCommand([
+      'app.file.upload',
+      'com.example.app',
+      'Documents/session.json',
+      localFile,
+      '--id',
+      'session-123',
+    ]).runAsync();
+
+    const requests = actionRequests();
+    const uploadId = requests[0][1]?.uploadId;
+    expect(requests).toEqual([
+      ['upload.append', { uploadId, data: Buffer.from('{}').toString('base64'), first: true }],
+      [
+        'app.file.upload',
+        { bundleId: 'com.example.app', relativePath: 'Documents/session.json', uploadId },
+      ],
+      ['upload.remove', { uploadId }],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps an upload that the action goes on reading', async () => {
+    const localFile = path.join(tmpDir, 'feed.mp4');
+    await fs.writeFile(localFile, 'video bytes');
+    actionResult = ok('');
+
+    await createCommand(['camera.switch', 'file', localFile, '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync();
+
+    const requests = actionRequests();
+    expect(requests.map(([action]) => action)).toEqual(['upload.append', 'camera.switch']);
+    expect(requests[1][1]).toEqual({
+      source: 'file',
+      target: `/tmp/serve-sim-uploads/${requests[0][1]?.uploadId}`,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('removes a kept upload when the action fails', async () => {
+    const localFile = path.join(tmpDir, 'feed.mp4');
+    await fs.writeFile(localFile, 'video bytes');
+    actionResult = { stdout: '', stderr: 'No such app.\n', exitCode: 1 };
+
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['camera.switch', 'file', localFile, '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('The simulator could not run camera.switch: No such app.');
+    expect(actionRequests().map(([action]) => action)).toEqual([
+      'upload.append',
+      'camera.switch',
+      'upload.remove',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('passes a webcam name through without looking for a local file', async () => {
+    actionResult = ok('');
+
+    await createCommand([
+      'camera.switch',
+      'webcam',
+      'FaceTime HD Camera',
+      '--id',
+      'session-123',
+    ]).runAsync();
+
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([
+      ['camera.switch', { source: 'webcam', target: 'FaceTime HD Camera' }],
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses a relative file that does not exist on this computer', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['app.install', './MyAp.ipa', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('./MyAp.ipa does not exist on this computer.');
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses --output for an action that returns no file before it runs', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      createCommand([
+        'hardwareKeyboard.set',
+        'off',
+        '--output',
+        './out',
+        '--id',
+        'session-123',
+      ]).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('hardwareKeyboard.set does not return a file, so --output does not apply.');
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('passes a path that is not a local file through unchanged', async () => {
+    actionResult = ok('');
+
+    await createCommand([
+      'app.install',
+      '/Users/runner/MyApp.ipa',
+      '--id',
+      'session-123',
+    ]).runAsync();
+
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([['app.install', { path: '/Users/runner/MyApp.ipa' }]]);
+  });
+
+  it('downloads the file an action returns', async () => {
+    const outputPath = path.join(tmpDir, 'shot.png');
+    actionResult = ok('/tmp/serve-sim-screenshots/serve-sim-screenshot-1.png\n');
+
+    await createCommand([
+      'screenshot.capture',
+      '--output',
+      outputPath,
+      '--id',
+      'session-123',
+    ]).runAsync();
+
+    expect(await fs.readFile(outputPath, 'utf8')).toBe('png bytes');
+    expect(jest.mocked(Log.log)).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`Saved ${outputPath}`);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses an action that the session does not list', async () => {
+    await expect(createCommand(['server.kill', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Unknown simulator action "server.kill". Run `eas simulator:control` to see the actions.'
+    );
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('closes an established connection when catalog setup fails', async () => {
+    requestAsync.mockImplementationOnce(async () => ok('not a catalog'));
+    await expect(createCommand(['--list', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+      'did not return its list of actions'
+    );
+    expect(close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('lists the actions as JSON when no action is provided', async () => {
+    await createCommand(['--id', 'session-123', '--json']).runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(catalog);
+    expect(actionRequests()).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses a session that is not running', async () => {
+    mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+      makeDeviceRunSession({ status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Stopped })
+    );
+
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['memoryWarning', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Simulator session session-123 is stopped');
+    expect(mockConnectHostActionsAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('refuses an Android session', async () => {
+    mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(makeDeviceRunSession({ platform: AppPlatform.Android }));
+
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['memoryWarning', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('available only for iOS sessions');
+    expect(mockConnectHostActionsAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('refuses a session without a preview server API', async () => {
+    mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+      makeDeviceRunSession({
+        remoteConfig: {
+          __typename: 'ServeSimRunSessionRemoteConfig',
+          previewUrl: 'https://sim.example.test',
+          previewToken: 'preview-token',
+        },
+      })
+    );
+
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['memoryWarning', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow('does not expose a preview server');
+  });
+
+  it('reports the simulator error when the action fails', async () => {
+    actionResult = {
+      stdout: '',
+      stderr: 'Simulator could not change the hinge angle.\n',
+      exitCode: 1,
+    };
+
+    await expect(
+      createCommand(['hinge.set', 'half', '--id', 'session-123']).runAsync()
+    ).rejects.toThrow(
+      'The simulator could not run hinge.set: Simulator could not change the hinge angle.'
+    );
+  });
+});

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/__tests__/get.test.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ jest.mock('../../../utils/json');
 type DeviceRunSessionById = DeviceRunSessionByIdQuery['deviceRunSessions']['byId'];
 
 const mockByIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionQuery.byIdAsync);
+const mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionQuery.jobRunErrorsByIdAsync);
 const mockEnableJsonOutput = jest.mocked(enableJsonOutput);
 const mockLoadSimulatorEnvironmentVariablesAsync = jest.mocked(loadSimulatorEnvAsync);
 const mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput = jest.mocked(printJsonOnlyOutput);
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ describe(SimulatorGet, () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.clearAllMocks();
     mockLoadSimulatorEnvironmentVariablesAsync.mockResolvedValue();
+    mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(null);
   });
 
   function createCommand(argv: string[]): {
@@ -162,6 +164,79 @@ describe(SimulatorGet, () => {
         previewApiUrl: null,
       },
       artifacts: session.artifacts,
+      errors: [],
+    });
+    expect(mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  describe('errored sessions', () => {
+    const jobRunErrors = {
+      id: 'job-123',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          errorCode: 'EAS_IOS_SIMULATOR_NOT_FOUND',
+          message: 'No available iOS Simulator is named "iPhone 16 Pro".',
+          docsUrl: null,
+        },
+      ],
+      logFileUrls: [],
+    };
+
+    it('includes the job run errors in JSON output', async () => {
+      mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeDeviceRunSession({ status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Errored, remoteConfig: null })
+      );
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(jobRunErrors);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--id', 'session-123', '--json']);
+      await command.runAsync();
+
+      expect(mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(graphqlClient, 'session-123', {
+        signal: expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      });
+      expect(mockPrintJsonOnlyOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          errors: [
+            {
+              errorCode: 'EAS_IOS_SIMULATOR_NOT_FOUND',
+              message: 'No available iOS Simulator is named "iPhone 16 Pro".',
+              docsUrl: null,
+            },
+          ],
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('prints the job run errors when only the job run errored', async () => {
+      mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeDeviceRunSession({
+          status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Stopped,
+          remoteConfig: null,
+          turtleJobRun: { id: 'job-123', status: JobRunStatus.Errored },
+        })
+      );
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(jobRunErrors);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--id', 'session-123']);
+      await command.runAsync();
+
+      expect(Log.gray).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Session errors:');
+      expect(Log.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '  No available iOS Simulator is named "iPhone 16 Pro".'
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('prints no errors section when the job run errors cannot be fetched', async () => {
+      mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeDeviceRunSession({ status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Errored, remoteConfig: null })
+      );
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockRejectedValue(new Error('graphql boom'));
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--id', 'session-123']);
+      await command.runAsync();
+
+      expect(Log.gray).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('Session errors:');
+      expect(Log.error).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
   });
 

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/__tests__/index.test.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { GraphQLError } from 'graphql';
 import { SimulatorEvent, isAnalyticsOptedOutAsync } from '../../../analytics/AnalyticsManager';
 import { getAgentTelemetryContext } from '../../../analytics/agent';
 import { ExpoGraphqlClient } from '../../../commandUtils/context/contextUtils/createGraphqlClient';
+import fetch from '../../../fetch';
 import {
   AppPlatform,
   CreateDeviceRunSessionMutation,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ jest.mock('../../../analytics/AnalyticsManager', () => ({
 jest.mock('../../../analytics/agent');
 jest.mock('../../../graphql/mutations/DeviceRunSessionMutation');
 jest.mock('../../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionAvailabilityQuery');
+jest.mock('../../../fetch');
 jest.mock('../../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionQuery');
 jest.mock('../../../log', () => ({
   __esModule: true,
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ jest.mock('../../../log', () => ({
     withTick: jest.fn(),
   },
   link: jest.fn((url: string) => url),
+  learnMore: jest.fn((url: string) => `Learn more: ${url}`),
 }));
 jest.mock('../../../simulator/env', () => ({
   ...jest.requireActual('../../../simulator/env'),
@@ -105,6 +108,8 @@ const mockEnsureDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync = jest.mocked(
 );
 const mockAvailabilityByAppIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionAvailabilityQuery.byAppIdAsync);
 const mockByIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionQuery.byIdAsync);
+const mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync = jest.mocked(DeviceRunSessionQuery.jobRunErrorsByIdAsync);
+const mockFetch = jest.mocked(fetch);
 const mockLoadSimulatorEnvAsync = jest.mocked(loadSimulatorEnvAsync);
 const mockLogEvent = jest.fn();
 const mockFlushAsync = jest.fn(async () => {});
@@ -191,6 +196,7 @@ describe(Simulator, () => {
     jest.restoreAllMocks();
     jest.clearAllMocks();
     delete process.env[EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_ID];
+    mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(null);
     mockAvailabilityByAppIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({ accountName: 'testuser', available: true });
     mockCreateDeviceRunSessionAsync.mockResolvedValue(makeCreatedDeviceRunSession());
     mockEnsureDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync.mockResolvedValue({
@@ -1124,6 +1130,76 @@ describe(Simulator, () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('forwards --system-image in the Android create options', async () => {
+    const { command } = createCommand([
+      '--platform',
+      'android',
+      '--non-interactive',
+      '--system-image',
+      '  system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64  ',
+    ]);
+    await command.runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockCreateDeviceRunSessionAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      graphqlClient,
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        android: {
+          systemImagePackage: 'system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64',
+        },
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('forwards --device and --system-image together in the Android create options', async () => {
+    const { command } = createCommand([
+      '--platform',
+      'android',
+      '--non-interactive',
+      '--device',
+      'pixel_9',
+      '--system-image',
+      'system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64',
+    ]);
+    await command.runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockCreateDeviceRunSessionAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      graphqlClient,
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        android: {
+          deviceIdentifier: 'pixel_9',
+          systemImagePackage: 'system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64',
+        },
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('omits a blank --system-image', async () => {
+    const { command } = createCommand([
+      '--platform',
+      'android',
+      '--non-interactive',
+      '--system-image',
+      '  ',
+    ]);
+    await command.runAsync();
+
+    expect(mockCreateDeviceRunSessionAsync.mock.calls[0][1]).not.toHaveProperty('android');
+  });
+
+  it('rejects --system-image for iOS before creating a session', async () => {
+    const { command } = createCommand([
+      '--platform',
+      'ios',
+      '--non-interactive',
+      '--system-image',
+      'system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64',
+    ]);
+    await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+      '--system-image is only supported with --platform android.'
+    );
+    expect(mockCreateDeviceRunSessionAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('trims --device before sending it', async () => {
     const { command } = createCommand([
       '--platform',
@@ -1920,6 +1996,292 @@ describe(Simulator, () => {
     );
   });
 
+  describe('job run errors', () => {
+    const erroredSessionMessage =
+      'Simulator session session-123 errored before the agent-device session was ready. https://expo.dev/accounts/testuser/projects/testapp/simulator-sessions/session-123';
+    const logFileUrl = 'https://logs.example.com/job-123';
+    const unknownError = {
+      errorCode: 'UNKNOWN_ERROR',
+      message: 'Unknown error. See logs for more information.',
+      docsUrl: null,
+    };
+
+    // Shaped like the worker's bunyan output: the failing call logs at error level with `err`,
+    // then the step runner logs an end-step marker with result "fail".
+    function failedStepLogLines(
+      stepId: string,
+      displayName: string,
+      messages: string[]
+    ): Record<string, unknown>[] {
+      return [
+        {
+          level: 30,
+          buildStepId: stepId,
+          buildStepDisplayName: displayName,
+          marker: 'start-step',
+          msg: `Executing build step "${displayName}"`,
+        },
+        ...messages.map(msg => ({
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: stepId,
+          buildStepDisplayName: displayName,
+          msg,
+          err: { message: msg },
+        })),
+        {
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: stepId,
+          buildStepDisplayName: displayName,
+          marker: 'end-step',
+          result: 'fail',
+          msg: `Build step "${displayName}" failed`,
+        },
+      ];
+    }
+
+    function mockLogFile(logLines: Record<string, unknown>[]): void {
+      mockFetch.mockResolvedValue({
+        text: async () => logLines.map(line => JSON.stringify(line)).join('\n'),
+      } as unknown as Awaited<ReturnType<typeof fetch>>);
+    }
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeDeviceRunSession({ status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Errored, remoteConfig: null })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('keeps the message unchanged without reading logs when the job run has no errors', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({ message: erroredSessionMessage })
+      );
+      expect(mockFetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('lists each job run error on its own line with its docs link', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [
+          {
+            errorCode: 'EAS_IOS_SIMULATOR_NOT_FOUND',
+            message: 'No available iOS Simulator is named "iPhone 16 Pro".',
+            docsUrl: null,
+          },
+          {
+            errorCode: 'EAS_SIMULATOR_BUILD_NOT_INSTALLABLE',
+            message: 'The build cannot be installed on a simulator.',
+            docsUrl: 'https://docs.expo.dev/simulator',
+          },
+        ],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nNo available iOS Simulator is named "iPhone 16 Pro".\nThe build cannot be installed on a simulator. Learn more: https://docs.expo.dev/simulator`,
+        })
+      );
+      expect(mockFetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('reads the failed step error from the job run logs for an unknown error', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [unknownError],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockLogFile([
+        {
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          buildStepDisplayName: 'Install application',
+          msg: 'Retrying install',
+          err: { message: 'Retrying install' },
+        },
+        {
+          level: 30,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          marker: 'end-step',
+          result: 'success',
+          msg: 'Finished',
+        },
+        ...failedStepLogLines('step-002', 'Launch application', [
+          'adb shell am start exited with non-zero code: 1',
+        ]),
+        {
+          level: 20,
+          buildStepId: 'step-002',
+          msg: 'Getting value for output parameter "x" failed.',
+          err: { message: 'not set' },
+        },
+        {
+          level: 40,
+          msg: 'Could not stop the emulator during remote session teardown.',
+          err: { message: 'teardown' },
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nLaunch application: adb shell am start exited with non-zero code: 1`,
+        })
+      );
+      expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        logFileUrl,
+        expect.objectContaining({ size: 20 * 1024 * 1024, signal: expect.any(AbortSignal) })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('prints the masked log message instead of the unmasked err.message', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [unknownError],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockLogFile([
+        {
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          buildStepDisplayName: 'Run script',
+          msg: 'curl -H "Authorization: ********" exited with non-zero code: 22',
+          err: { message: 'curl -H "Authorization: secret-token" exited with non-zero code: 22' },
+        },
+        {
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          marker: 'end-step',
+          result: 'fail',
+          msg: 'Build step "Run script" failed',
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nRun script: curl -H "Authorization: ********" exited with non-zero code: 22`,
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('shows the first failed step, then only the error line of later failed steps', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [unknownError],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockLogFile([
+        ...failedStepLogLines('step-001', 'Boot', ['A', 'B']),
+        ...failedStepLogLines('step-002', 'Finish recordings', ['C', 'D']),
+      ]);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nBoot: B\nFinish recordings: D`,
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('truncates very long log errors', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [unknownError],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockLogFile(failedStepLogLines('step-001', 'Boot', ['x'.repeat(2000)]));
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\n${`Boot: ${'x'.repeat(2000)}`.slice(0, 500)}…`,
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('keeps the job run error when no step failed, ignoring errors that steps ignored', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [
+          {
+            errorCode: 'UNKNOWN_ERROR',
+            message:
+              'Unknown error. See logs of the Complete job build phase for more information.',
+            docsUrl: null,
+          },
+        ],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockLogFile([
+        {
+          level: 50,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          buildStepDisplayName: 'Upload artifact',
+          msg: 'Failed to upload screen-recording. Ignoring error.',
+          err: { message: 'upload failed' },
+        },
+        {
+          level: 30,
+          buildStepId: 'step-001',
+          marker: 'end-step',
+          result: 'success',
+          msg: 'Finished',
+        },
+        { level: 50, phase: 'COMPLETE_JOB', msg: '', err: { message: 'upload outputs failed' } },
+      ]);
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nUnknown error. See logs of the Complete job build phase for more information.`,
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to the unknown error message when the job run logs cannot be read', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+        id: 'job-123',
+        errors: [unknownError],
+        logFileUrls: [logFileUrl],
+      });
+      mockFetch.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Request failed: 503 (Service Unavailable)'));
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          message: `${erroredSessionMessage}\nUnknown error. See logs for more information.`,
+        })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('keeps the message unchanged when the job run errors cannot be fetched', async () => {
+      mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockRejectedValue(new Error('graphql boom'));
+
+      const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios', '--non-interactive']);
+
+      await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.objectContaining({ message: erroredSessionMessage })
+      );
+      expect(mockEnsureDeviceRunSessionStoppedAsync).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
   it('keeps polling until the remote config appears', async () => {
     mockByIdAsync
       .mockResolvedValueOnce(makeDeviceRunSession({ remoteConfig: null }))
@@ -2219,6 +2581,31 @@ describe(Simulator, () => {
     await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow('Simulator session session-123 errored.');
   });
 
+  it('includes the job run error when the session errors while it is running', async () => {
+    mockByIdAsync
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(makeDeviceRunSession())
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(makeDeviceRunSession({ status: DeviceRunSessionStatus.Errored }));
+    mockJobRunErrorsByIdAsync.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'job-123',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          errorCode: 'EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_CRASHED',
+          message: 'The simulator stopped responding.',
+          docsUrl: null,
+        },
+      ],
+      logFileUrls: [],
+    });
+
+    const { command } = createCommand(['--platform', 'ios']);
+
+    await expect(command.runAsync()).rejects.toThrow(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        message: 'Simulator session session-123 errored.\nThe simulator stopped responding.',
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
   it('keeps waiting while the session is still in progress', async () => {
     mockByIdAsync
       .mockResolvedValueOnce(makeDeviceRunSession())

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/control.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+import { Args, Flags } from '@oclif/core';
+import chalk from 'chalk';
+import * as fs from 'fs-extra';
+import path from 'path';
+
+import EasCommand from '../../commandUtils/EasCommand';
+import {
+  EasNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags,
+  resolveNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags,
+} from '../../commandUtils/flags';
+import { AppPlatform, DeviceRunSessionStatus } from '../../graphql/generated';
+import { DeviceRunSessionQuery } from '../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionQuery';
+import Log from '../../log';
+import { ora } from '../../ora';
+import {
+  EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_ID,
+  SIMULATOR_DOTENV_FILE_NAME,
+  loadSimulatorEnvAsync,
+} from '../../simulator/env';
+import {
+  HostActionCatalog,
+  HostActionCatalogEntry,
+  HostActionConnection,
+  assertHostActionOutputAsync,
+  buildHostActionParams,
+  connectHostActionsAsync,
+  fetchHostActionCatalogAsync,
+  formatHostActionUsage,
+  saveHostActionOutputAsync,
+  uploadFileAsync,
+} from '../../simulator/hostActions';
+import { PreviewApiAccess, getPreviewApiAccess } from '../../simulator/utils';
+import { enableJsonOutput, printJsonOnlyOutput } from '../../utils/json';
+
+export default class SimulatorControl extends EasCommand {
+  static override aliases = ['sim:control'];
+  static override description =
+    '[EXPERIMENTAL] run a serve-sim action on a remote iOS simulator session on EAS. Run without an action to list the actions the session supports. To save a screenshot locally, run `eas simulator:control screenshot.capture --output ./screenshot.png`.';
+  static override strict = false;
+
+  static override examples = [
+    '$ eas simulator:control',
+    '$ eas simulator:control --id <session-id>',
+    '$ eas simulator:control screenshot.capture --help',
+    '$ eas simulator:control clipboard.write -- --some-text',
+    '$ eas simulator:control hardwareKeyboard.set off',
+    '$ eas simulator:control permissions.set grant camera com.example.app',
+    '$ eas simulator:control app.install ./MyApp.ipa',
+    '$ eas simulator:control screenshot.capture --output ./screenshot.png',
+    '$ eas simulator:control screenshot.capture --output ./screenshot.png --id <session-id>',
+  ];
+
+  static override args = {
+    action: Args.string({
+      description:
+        'Action to run, followed by its values in order or as name=value. Omit to list the actions. Put -- before values that start with --.',
+    }),
+  };
+
+  static override flags = {
+    help: Flags.boolean({
+      char: 'h',
+      description: 'Show command help, or usage for the selected action from the session.',
+    }),
+    id: Flags.string({
+      description: `Simulator session ID. Defaults to ${SIMULATOR_DOTENV_FILE_NAME}.`,
+    }),
+    list: Flags.boolean({
+      description: 'List the actions the session supports.',
+    }),
+    output: Flags.string({
+      description:
+        'Local path to save a returned file. For screenshots, --output ./screenshot.png sets the local filename; omit it to save with a generated filename in the current directory.',
+    }),
+    ...EasNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags,
+  };
+
+  static override contextDefinition = {
+    ...this.ContextOptions.LoggedIn,
+    ...this.ContextOptions.ProjectDir,
+  };
+
+  async runAsync(): Promise<void> {
+    const { args, argv, flags } = await this.parse(SimulatorControl);
+    const { json: jsonFlag, nonInteractive } = resolveNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags(flags);
+
+    if (jsonFlag) {
+      enableJsonOutput();
+    }
+    if (flags.id === '') {
+      throw new Error('--id needs a simulator session ID.');
+    }
+    const action = flags.list && !flags.help ? undefined : args.action;
+
+    const {
+      projectDir,
+      loggedIn: { graphqlClient },
+    } = await this.getContextAsync(SimulatorControl, {
+      nonInteractive,
+    });
+
+    await loadSimulatorEnvAsync(projectDir);
+    const sessionId = flags.id ?? process.env[EAS_SIMULATOR_SESSION_ID];
+    if (!sessionId) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `No simulator session ID provided. Pass --id, or run \`eas simulator:start\` first to write ${SIMULATOR_DOTENV_FILE_NAME}.`
+      );
+    }
+
+    const spinner = ora(`Connecting to simulator session ${sessionId}`).start();
+    let connection: HostActionConnection | undefined;
+    try {
+      let catalog: HostActionCatalog;
+      try {
+        const session = await DeviceRunSessionQuery.byIdAsync(graphqlClient, sessionId);
+        connection = await connectHostActionsAsync(assertControllableSession(session));
+        catalog = await fetchHostActionCatalogAsync(connection);
+        spinner.succeed(`Connected to simulator session ${sessionId}`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        spinner.fail(`Failed to connect to simulator session ${sessionId}`);
+        throw err;
+      }
+      if (!action) {
+        this.printCatalog(catalog, jsonFlag);
+        return;
+      }
+      const entry = Object.hasOwn(catalog, action) ? catalog[action] : undefined;
+      if (!entry) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Unknown simulator action "${action}". Run \`eas simulator:control\` to see the actions.`
+        );
+      }
+      if (flags.help) {
+        this.printActionHelp(action, entry, jsonFlag);
+        return;
+      }
+      await this.runActionAsync(connection, entry, {
+        sessionId,
+        action,
+        values: argv.slice(1).map(String),
+        outputPath: flags.output,
+        jsonFlag,
+      });
+    } finally {
+      connection?.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private printCatalog(catalog: HostActionCatalog, jsonFlag: boolean): void {
+    if (jsonFlag) {
+      printJsonOnlyOutput(catalog);
+      return;
+    }
+    const names = Object.keys(catalog).sort();
+    const width = Math.max(0, ...names.map(name => name.length)) + 3;
+    const columns = Math.max(1, Math.min(3, Math.floor((process.stdout.columns || 80) / width)));
+    const rows = Math.ceil(names.length / columns);
+    for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
+      const cells = Array.from({ length: columns }, (_, column) =>
+        (names[row + column * rows] ?? '').padEnd(width)
+      );
+      Log.log(cells.join('').trimEnd());
+    }
+    Log.newLine();
+    Log.log('For action usage: eas simulator:control <action> --help');
+  }
+
+  private printActionHelp(action: string, entry: HostActionCatalogEntry, jsonFlag: boolean): void {
+    if (jsonFlag) {
+      printJsonOnlyOutput({ ...entry, action });
+      return;
+    }
+    Log.newLine();
+    Log.log(`  ${chalk.bold(action)}`);
+    if (entry.description) {
+      Log.log(`  ${entry.description}`);
+    }
+    Log.newLine();
+    Log.log(`  ${chalk.bold('USAGE')}`);
+    Log.log(`    eas simulator:control ${formatHostActionUsage(action, entry)}`);
+    const outputFlag = entry.output === 'base64' ? '--output <path>' : '[--output <path>]';
+    Log.log(`      ${entry.output ? `${outputFlag} ` : ''}[--id <session-id>] [--json]`);
+    Log.newLine();
+    Log.log(`  ${chalk.bold('OPTIONS')}`);
+    Log.log(`    --id <session-id>  Defaults to ${SIMULATOR_DOTENV_FILE_NAME}.`);
+    Log.log('    --json             Print the action schema as JSON. Implies --non-interactive.');
+    if (entry.output) {
+      Log.log(
+        entry.output === 'base64'
+          ? '    --output <path>    Required local filename for the returned file.'
+          : '    --output <path>    Local filename or existing directory.'
+      );
+      if (entry.output === 'path') {
+        Log.log('                       Omit to save with the generated filename.');
+      }
+      Log.newLine();
+      Log.log(
+        '  Action arguments refer to the simulator host. Use --output for the local filename.'
+      );
+    }
+    Log.newLine();
+  }
+
+  private async runActionAsync(
+    connection: HostActionConnection,
+    entry: HostActionCatalogEntry,
+    {
+      sessionId,
+      action,
+      values,
+      outputPath,
+      jsonFlag,
+    }: {
+      sessionId: string;
+      action: string;
+      values: string[];
+      outputPath: string | undefined;
+      jsonFlag: boolean;
+    }
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const params = buildHostActionParams(action, entry, values);
+    await assertHostActionOutputAsync(action, entry, outputPath);
+    const localFile = await findLocalUploadAsync(entry, params);
+
+    const spinner = ora(`Running ${action} on simulator session ${sessionId}`).start();
+    let uploadId: string | undefined;
+    let succeeded = false;
+    let output: string;
+    let savedFile: string | null;
+    try {
+      if (localFile) {
+        spinner.text = `Uploading ${localFile.path}`;
+        const upload = await uploadFileAsync(connection, localFile.path);
+        uploadId = upload.uploadId;
+        params[localFile.param] = entry.uploadAs === 'id' ? upload.uploadId : upload.path;
+        spinner.text = `Running ${action} on simulator session ${sessionId}`;
+      }
+      const result = await connection.requestAsync(action, params);
+      if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+        const detail = (result.stderr || result.stdout).trim() || `exit code ${result.exitCode}`;
+        throw new Error(`The simulator could not run ${action}: ${detail}`);
+      }
+      succeeded = true;
+      savedFile = await saveHostActionOutputAsync(connection, entry, result.stdout, outputPath);
+      output = savedFile ? '' : result.stdout.trim();
+      spinner.succeed(`Ran ${action} on simulator session ${sessionId}`);
+    } catch (err) {
+      spinner.fail(`Failed to run ${action} on simulator session ${sessionId}`);
+      throw err;
+    } finally {
+      if (uploadId && (!entry.keepUpload || !succeeded)) {
+        await connection.requestAsync('upload.remove', { uploadId }).catch(() => {});
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (jsonFlag) {
+      printJsonOnlyOutput({
+        id: sessionId,
+        action,
+        output: parseJsonOutput(output),
+        file: savedFile,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (savedFile) {
+      Log.log(`Saved ${savedFile}`);
+    } else if (output) {
+      Log.log(output);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function findLocalUploadAsync(
+  { upload: param, uploadWhen = {} }: HostActionCatalogEntry,
+  params: Record<string, unknown>
+): Promise<{ param: string; path: string } | null> {
+  const value = param ? params[param] : undefined;
+  const applies = Object.entries(uploadWhen).every(([name, expected]) => params[name] === expected);
+  if (!param || typeof value !== 'string' || !applies) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const stat = await fs.stat(value).catch(() => null);
+  if (stat?.isDirectory()) {
+    throw new Error(`${value} is a folder. Pass the path of a file.`);
+  }
+  if (!stat && !path.isAbsolute(value)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${value} does not exist on this computer. Pass the path of a local file, or an absolute path on the simulator host.`
+    );
+  }
+  return stat ? { param, path: value } : null;
+}
+
+function assertControllableSession(
+  session: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof DeviceRunSessionQuery.byIdAsync>>
+): PreviewApiAccess {
+  if (session.status !== DeviceRunSessionStatus.InProgress) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Simulator session ${session.id} is ${session.status.toLowerCase()}. Simulator actions need a running session. Start one with \`eas simulator:start\`.`
+    );
+  }
+  if (session.platform !== AppPlatform.Ios) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Simulator session ${session.id} runs on ${session.platform.toLowerCase()}. Simulator actions are available only for iOS sessions.`
+    );
+  }
+  const access = session.remoteConfig ? getPreviewApiAccess(session.remoteConfig) : null;
+  if (!access) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Simulator session ${session.id} does not expose a preview server with a token. Simulator actions use that server. Start a new session with \`eas simulator:start\`.`
+    );
+  }
+  return access;
+}
+
+function parseJsonOutput(output: string): unknown {
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(output);
+  } catch {
+    return output;
+  }
+}

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/get.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ import {
   EasNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags,
   resolveNonInteractiveAndJsonFlags,
 } from '../../commandUtils/flags';
-import { DeviceRunSessionByIdQuery, DeviceRunSessionStatus } from '../../graphql/generated';
+import {
+  DeviceRunSessionByIdQuery,
+  DeviceRunSessionStatus,
+  JobRunStatus,
+} from '../../graphql/generated';
 import { DeviceRunSessionQuery } from '../../graphql/queries/DeviceRunSessionQuery';
 import Log, { link } from '../../log';
 import { ora } from '../../ora';
@@ -15,6 +19,11 @@ import {
   SIMULATOR_DOTENV_FILE_NAME,
   loadSimulatorEnvAsync,
 } from '../../simulator/env';
+import {
+  SimulatorSessionError,
+  fetchSimulatorSessionErrorsAsync,
+  formatSimulatorSessionError,
+} from '../../simulator/jobRunErrors';
 import {
   deviceRunSessionTypeToFlagValue,
   formatRemoteSessionInstructions,
@@ -87,6 +96,11 @@ export default class SimulatorGet extends EasCommand {
       session.app.slug,
       session.id
     );
+    const errors: SimulatorSessionError[] =
+      session.status === DeviceRunSessionStatus.Errored ||
+      session.turtleJobRun?.status === JobRunStatus.Errored
+        ? await fetchSimulatorSessionErrorsAsync(graphqlClient, session.id)
+        : [];
 
     if (jsonFlag) {
       printJsonOnlyOutput({
@@ -109,6 +123,7 @@ export default class SimulatorGet extends EasCommand {
             )
           : session.remoteConfig,
         artifacts: session.artifacts,
+        errors,
       });
       return;
     }
@@ -116,6 +131,14 @@ export default class SimulatorGet extends EasCommand {
     Log.newLine();
     Log.log(formatSessionFields(session, deviceRunSessionUrl));
 
+    if (errors.length > 0) {
+      Log.newLine();
+      Log.gray('Session errors:');
+      for (const error of errors) {
+        Log.error(`  ${formatSimulatorSessionError(error)}`);
+      }
+    }
+
     if (session.status === DeviceRunSessionStatus.InProgress) {
       Log.newLine();
       if (session.remoteConfig) {

packages/eas-cli/src/commands/simulator/index.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ import {
   writeSimulatorEnvAsync,
 } from '../../simulator/env';
 import { resolveExpoGoSdkVersionAsync } from '../../simulator/expoGo';
+import {
+  fetchSimulatorSessionErrorsAsync,
+  formatSimulatorSessionError,
+} from '../../simulator/jobRunErrors';
 import {
   simulatorRequestFailureReason,
   simulatorRequestProperties,
@@ -100,6 +104,10 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
       description:
         'Virtual device to start for the session. On iOS, a Simulator device name or UDID (e.g. "iPhone 16 Pro"). On Android, an AVD hardware profile id (e.g. "pixel_7"). Defaults to a device chosen by the runner.',
     }),
+    'system-image': Flags.string({
+      description:
+        'Android SDK system image package to use for the emulator (e.g. "system-images;android-35-ext15;google_apis_playstore;x86_64"). Defaults to a system image chosen by the runner. Only supported with --platform android.',
+    }),
     'build-id': Flags.string({
       description: 'EAS Build to install and launch before the simulator session is ready.',
       exclusive: ['build-fingerprint', 'application-archive-url', 'expo-go'],
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
     const name = flags.name?.trim() || undefined;
     const tags = flags.tag?.map(tag => tag.trim()).filter(tag => tag.length > 0);
     const deviceIdentifier = flags.device?.trim() || undefined;
+    const systemImagePackage = flags['system-image']?.trim() || undefined;
     const buildId = flags['build-id']?.trim() || undefined;
     const buildFingerprint = flags['build-fingerprint']?.trim() || undefined;
     const applicationArchiveUrlFromFlag = flags['application-archive-url']?.trim() || undefined;
@@ -291,6 +300,9 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
 
     const platform = await resolvePlatformAsync(flags.platform, nonInteractive);
     const egress = flags.egress === 'local' ? DeviceRunSessionEgress.Local : undefined;
+    if (systemImagePackage && platform !== AppPlatform.Android) {
+      throw new EasCommandError('--system-image is only supported with --platform android.');
+    }
     let egressAllow: string[] = [];
     try {
       egressAllow = parseEgressAllowList(flags['egress-allow'] ?? []);
@@ -366,11 +378,18 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
             packageVersion: flags['package-version'],
             networkCapture: flags['network-capture'],
             ...(networkCaptureFields.length ? { networkCaptureFields } : {}),
-            ...(deviceIdentifier
-              ? platform === AppPlatform.Ios
+            ...(platform === AppPlatform.Ios
+              ? deviceIdentifier
                 ? { ios: { deviceIdentifier } }
-                : { android: { deviceIdentifier } }
-              : {}),
+                : {}
+              : deviceIdentifier || systemImagePackage
+                ? {
+                    android: {
+                      ...(deviceIdentifier ? { deviceIdentifier } : {}),
+                      ...(systemImagePackage ? { systemImagePackage } : {}),
+                    },
+                  }
+                : {}),
             ...(buildId ? { buildId } : {}),
             ...(buildFingerprint ? { buildFingerprint } : {}),
             ...(applicationArchiveUrlFromFlag
@@ -446,7 +465,7 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
           session.status === DeviceRunSessionStatus.Stopped
         ) {
           throw new Error(
-            `Simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} ${session.status.toLowerCase()} before the ${flags.type} session was ready. ${link(deviceRunSessionUrl)}`
+            `Simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} ${session.status.toLowerCase()} before the ${flags.type} session was ready. ${link(deviceRunSessionUrl)}${await formatJobRunErrorsAsync(graphqlClient, deviceRunSessionId, sessionInterrupt.signal)}`
           );
         }
 
@@ -457,7 +476,7 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
           jobRunStatus === JobRunStatus.Finished
         ) {
           throw new Error(
-            `Turtle job run for simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} ${jobRunStatus.toLowerCase()} before the ${flags.type} session was ready. ${link(deviceRunSessionUrl)}`
+            `Turtle job run for simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} ${jobRunStatus.toLowerCase()} before the ${flags.type} session was ready. ${link(deviceRunSessionUrl)}${await formatJobRunErrorsAsync(graphqlClient, deviceRunSessionId, sessionInterrupt.signal)}`
           );
         }
 
@@ -619,6 +638,18 @@ export default class Simulator extends EasCommand {
   }
 }
 
+// Returns the reasons the session's job run failed, one per line, or an empty string when none are available.
+async function formatJobRunErrorsAsync(
+  graphqlClient: ExpoGraphqlClient,
+  deviceRunSessionId: string,
+  signal: AbortSignal
+): Promise<string> {
+  const errors = await fetchSimulatorSessionErrorsAsync(graphqlClient, deviceRunSessionId, {
+    signal,
+  });
+  return errors.map(error => `\n${formatSimulatorSessionError(error)}`).join('');
+}
+
 async function resolvePlatformAsync(
   platform: PlatformFlagValue | undefined,
   nonInteractive: boolean
@@ -700,7 +731,9 @@ async function waitForSessionEndOrInterruptAsync({
         jobRunStatus === JobRunStatus.Errored
       ) {
         spinner.fail(`Simulator session errored. ${link(deviceRunSessionUrl)}`);
-        throw new Error(`Simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} errored.`);
+        throw new Error(
+          `Simulator session ${deviceRunSessionId} errored.${await formatJobRunErrorsAsync(graphqlClient, deviceRunSessionId, signal)}`
+        );
       }
       if (
         session.status === DeviceRunSessionStatus.Stopped ||

packages/eas-cli/src/env.ts

@@ -21,4 +21,10 @@ export default {
    * Comma separated list of feature gate keys of feature gates to evaluate override to false.
    */
   featureGateDisable: process.env.EAS_FG_DISABLE,
+  /**
+   * Comma separated list of experiment overrides in the form `namespace:param=value`.
+   * Overrides apply in every scope, even when analytics is disabled. A namespace with any override
+   * returns defaults for its other params and logs no exposure.
+   */
+  experimentOverride: process.env.EAS_EXPERIMENT_OVERRIDE,
 };