Add shared bindgen core

Language-agnostic model, naming, and loader consumed by the
frida-python and frida-node binding generators.

.gitignore

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+__pycache__/
+*.pyc

LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Ole André Vadla Ravnås and Frida contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

README.md

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+# frida-bindgen
+
+Language-agnostic core for Frida's `.gir`-driven binding generators.
+
+`frida_bindgen_core` holds the shared substrate consumed by frida-python and
+frida-node: the introspection model parsed from Frida's GObject-Introspection
+`.gir` files, the naming helpers, and the loader. Each binding vendors this
+package as a git submodule and layers its own language-specific subclasses,
+code generator, and customizations on top via the `Factory` seam.

frida_bindgen_core/__init__.py

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+from . import model, naming
+from .loader import compute_model
+from .model import (Constructor, Direction, Enumeration, EnumerationMember,
+                    Factory, InterfaceObjectType, Method, Model, Namespace,
+                    ObjectType, Parameter, Procedure, Property, ReturnValue,
+                    Signal, TransferOwnership, Type, ClassObjectType,
+                    parse_gir)
+from .naming import to_camel_case, to_macro_case, to_pascal_case, to_snake_case

frida_bindgen_core/loader.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from typing import List
+
+from .model import Factory, Model, parse_gir
+
+
+def compute_model(
+    frida_gir: Path,
+    glib_gir: Path,
+    gobject_gir: Path,
+    gio_gir: Path,
+    customizations: object,
+    factory: Factory,
+    included_gio_object_types: List[str],
+    included_gio_enumerations: List[str],
+    seed_object_first: bool,
+) -> Model:
+    glib = parse_gir(glib_gir, [], factory)
+    gobject = parse_gir(gobject_gir, [glib], factory)
+    gio = parse_gir(gio_gir, [glib, gobject], factory)
+    frida = parse_gir(frida_gir, [glib, gobject, gio], factory)
+
+    object_types = OrderedDict()
+    if seed_object_first:
+        object_types["Object"] = gobject.object_types["Object"]
+        object_types.update(frida.object_types)
+    else:
+        object_types.update(frida.object_types)
+        object_types["Object"] = gobject.object_types["Object"]
+    for t in included_gio_object_types:
+        object_types[t] = gio.object_types[t]
+
+    enumerations = OrderedDict(frida.enumerations)
+    for t in included_gio_enumerations:
+        enumerations[t] = gio.enumerations[t]
+
+    model = factory.model(
+        frida.namespace,
+        object_types,
+        enumerations,
+        customizations,
+        error_domain=frida.error_domain,
+        factory=factory,
+    )
+
+    for t in object_types.values():
+        t.model = model
+    for t in enumerations.values():
+        t.model = model
+    if model.error_domain is not None:
+        model.error_domain.model = model
+
+    return model

frida_bindgen_core/model.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import (Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple)
+
+from .naming import to_snake_case
+
+CORE_NAMESPACE = "http://www.gtk.org/introspection/core/1.0"
+C_NAMESPACE = "http://www.gtk.org/introspection/c/1.0"
+GLIB_NAMESPACE = "http://www.gtk.org/introspection/glib/1.0"
+GIR_NAMESPACES = {"": CORE_NAMESPACE, "glib": GLIB_NAMESPACE}
+
+CORE_TAG_PREFIX = f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}"
+
+NUMERIC_GIR_TYPES = {
+    "gsize",
+    "gssize",
+    "gint",
+    "guint",
+    "glong",
+    "gulong",
+    "gint8",
+    "gint16",
+    "gint32",
+    "gint64",
+    "guint8",
+    "guint16",
+    "guint32",
+    "guint64",
+    "gfloat",
+    "gdouble",
+    "GType",
+    "GQuark",
+}
+
+PRIMITIVE_GIR_TYPES = NUMERIC_GIR_TYPES | {
+    "gpointer",
+    "gboolean",
+    "gchar",
+    "utf8",
+    "utf8[]",
+}
+
+ResolveTypeCallback = Callable[[str], Tuple[str, ET.Element]]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Factory:
+    class_object_type: Callable
+    interface_object_type: Callable
+    constructor: Callable
+    method: Callable
+    parameter: Callable
+    return_value: Callable
+    signal: Callable
+    property_: Callable
+    enumeration: Callable
+    enumeration_member: Callable
+    model: Callable
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Model:
+    namespace: Namespace
+    _object_types: OrderedDict
+    enumerations: OrderedDict
+    customizations: Optional[object] = None
+    error_domain: Optional[object] = None
+    factory: Optional[Factory] = None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def object_types(self) -> OrderedDict:
+        result = OrderedDict()
+        if self.customizations is not None:
+            type_customizations = self.customizations.type_customizations
+        else:
+            type_customizations = {}
+        for k, v in self._object_types.items():
+            custom = type_customizations.get(k)
+            if custom is None or not custom.drop:
+                result[k] = v
+        return result
+
+    def resolve_object_type(self, name: str) -> ObjectType:
+        bare_name = name.split(".", maxsplit=1)[-1]
+        return self.object_types[bare_name]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Namespace:
+    name: str
+    identifier_prefixes: str
+    element: ET.Element
+
+    @cached_property
+    def type_elements(self):
+        result = {}
+        for toplevel in self.element.findall("./*[@name]", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+            name = toplevel.get("name")
+            result[name] = toplevel
+            for callback in toplevel.findall("./callback", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+                result[name + callback.get("name")] = callback
+        return result
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ObjectType:
+    name: str
+    c_type: str
+    get_type: str
+    type_struct: str
+    _parent: Optional[str]
+    _constructors: List[ET.Element]
+    _methods: List[ET.Element]
+    _properties: List[ET.Element]
+    _signals: List[ET.Element]
+    resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback
+
+    model: Optional[Model]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def parent(self) -> ObjectType:
+        if self._parent is None:
+            return None
+        return self.model.resolve_object_type(self._parent)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_frida_options(self) -> bool:
+        return self.c_type.startswith("Frida") and self.c_type.endswith("Options")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_frida_list(self) -> bool:
+        return self.c_type.startswith("Frida") and self.c_type.endswith("List")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def customizations(self):
+        return self.model.customizations.type_customizations.get(self.name)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def constructors(self) -> List[Constructor]:
+        factory = self.model.factory
+        constructors = []
+        custom = self.customizations
+        for element in self._constructors:
+            if element.get("introspectable") == "0" or element.get("deprecated") == "1":
+                continue
+
+            name = element.get("name")
+
+            if custom is not None:
+                ccust = custom.constructor
+                if ccust is not None and ccust.drop:
+                    continue
+
+            (
+                c_identifier,
+                finish_c_identifier,
+                param_list,
+                has_closure_param,
+                throws,
+                result_element,
+            ) = extract_callable_details(element, element, self, self.resolve_type)
+            if has_closure_param or finish_c_identifier is not None:
+                continue
+
+            constructors.append(
+                factory.constructor(
+                    name, c_identifier, finish_c_identifier, param_list, throws, self
+                )
+            )
+        return constructors
+
+    @cached_property
+    def methods(self) -> List[Method]:
+        factory = self.model.factory
+        methods = []
+        c_prop_names = {prop.c_name for prop in self.properties}
+        custom = self.customizations
+        for element in self._methods:
+            name = element.get("name")
+
+            if (
+                element.get("introspectable") == "0"
+                or name.startswith("_")
+                or name.endswith("_sync")
+                or name.endswith("_finish")
+            ):
+                continue
+
+            if custom is not None:
+                mcust = custom.methods.get(name, None)
+                if mcust is not None and mcust.drop:
+                    continue
+
+            finish_func = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}finish-func")
+            if finish_func is None:
+                finish_func = f"{name}_finish"
+            result_element = next(
+                (m for m in self._methods if m.get("name") == finish_func), element
+            )
+
+            (
+                c_identifier,
+                finish_c_identifier,
+                param_list,
+                has_closure_param,
+                throws,
+                result_element,
+            ) = extract_callable_details(
+                element, result_element, self, self.resolve_type
+            )
+            if has_closure_param:
+                continue
+
+            retval_element = result_element.find(".//return-value", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+            rettype = extract_type_from_entity(retval_element, self.resolve_type)
+            if rettype is not None:
+                if rettype.is_frida_options:
+                    continue
+
+                nullable = retval_element.get("nullable") == "1"
+
+                ownership_val = retval_element.get("transfer-ownership")
+                transfer_ownership = (
+                    TransferOwnership[ownership_val]
+                    if ownership_val is not None
+                    else TransferOwnership.none
+                )
+
+                retval = factory.return_value(
+                    rettype, nullable, transfer_ownership, self
+                )
+            else:
+                retval = None
+
+            if element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}get-property") is not None:
+                is_property_accessor = True
+            else:
+                tokens = name.split("_", maxsplit=1)
+                is_property_accessor = (
+                    len(tokens) == 2
+                    and tokens[0] in {"get", "set"}
+                    and tokens[1] in c_prop_names
+                )
+
+            methods.append(
+                factory.method(
+                    name,
+                    c_identifier,
+                    finish_c_identifier,
+                    param_list,
+                    throws,
+                    retval,
+                    is_property_accessor,
+                    self,
+                )
+            )
+        return methods
+
+    @cached_property
+    def properties(self) -> List[Property]:
+        factory = self.model.factory
+        properties = []
+        custom = self.customizations
+        for element in self._properties:
+            name = element.get("name")
+
+            if custom is not None:
+                pcust = custom.properties.get(name, None)
+                if pcust is not None and pcust.drop:
+                    continue
+
+            c_name = name.replace("-", "_")
+            type = extract_type_from_entity(element, self.resolve_type)
+            if type.is_frida_options:
+                continue
+            writable = element.get("writable") == "1"
+            construct_only = element.get("construct-only") == "1"
+
+            getter = element.get("getter")
+            if getter is None:
+                getter = f"get_{c_name}"
+
+            setter = element.get("setter")
+            if setter is None and writable and not construct_only:
+                setter = f"set_{c_name}"
+
+            properties.append(
+                factory.property_(
+                    name,
+                    c_name,
+                    type,
+                    writable,
+                    construct_only,
+                    getter,
+                    setter,
+                    self,
+                )
+            )
+        return properties
+
+    @cached_property
+    def signals(self) -> List[Signal]:
+        factory = self.model.factory
+        signals = []
+        custom = self.customizations
+        for element in self._signals:
+            name = element.get("name")
+
+            if custom is not None:
+                scust = custom.signals.get(name, None)
+                if scust is not None and scust.drop:
+                    continue
+
+            c_name = name.replace("-", "_")
+            param_list = extract_parameters(
+                element.findall("./parameters/parameter", GIR_NAMESPACES),
+                nullable_implies_optional=False,
+                object_type=self,
+                resolve_type=self.resolve_type,
+            )
+            signals.append(factory.signal(name, c_name, param_list, self))
+        return signals
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ClassObjectType(ObjectType):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class InterfaceObjectType(ObjectType):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Procedure:
+    name: str
+    c_identifier: str
+    finish_c_identifier: Optional[str]
+    parameters: List[Parameter]
+    throws: bool
+
+    @property
+    def is_async(self) -> bool:
+        return self.finish_c_identifier is not None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def input_parameters(self) -> List[Parameter]:
+        return [p for p in self.parameters if p.direction != Direction.OUT]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Constructor(Procedure):
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Method(Procedure):
+    return_value: Optional[ReturnValue]
+    is_property_accessor: bool
+
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Property:
+    name: str
+    c_name: str
+    type: Type
+    writable: bool
+    construct_only: bool
+    getter: Optional[str]
+    setter: Optional[str]
+
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Signal:
+    name: str
+    c_name: str
+    parameters: List[Parameter]
+
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+TransferOwnership = Enum("TransferOwnership", ["none", "full", "container"])
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Parameter:
+    name: str
+    type: Type
+    optional: bool
+    nullable: bool
+    transfer_ownership: TransferOwnership
+    direction: Direction
+
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReturnValue:
+    type: Type
+    nullable: bool
+    transfer_ownership: TransferOwnership
+
+    object_type: ObjectType
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Type:
+    name: str
+    nick: str
+    c: str
+    default_value: Optional[str]
+    copy_func: Optional[str]
+    destroy_func: Optional[str]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_frida_options(self) -> bool:
+        return self.c.startswith("Frida") and self.c.endswith("Options *")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def from_pointer_func(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.name in {"gssize", "gsize", "glong", "gulong", "gint64", "guint64"}:
+            return "GPOINTER_TO_SIZE"
+        if self.name in {"gint", "gint8", "gint16", "gint32"}:
+            return "GPOINTER_TO_INT"
+        if self.name in {"gboolean", "guint", "guint8", "guint16", "guint32"}:
+            return "GPOINTER_TO_UINT"
+        return None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def to_pointer_func(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.name in {"gssize", "gsize", "glong", "gulong", "gint64", "guint64"}:
+            return "GSIZE_TO_POINTER"
+        if self.name in {"gint", "gint8", "gint16", "gint32"}:
+            return "GINT_TO_POINTER"
+        if self.name in {"gboolean", "guint", "guint8", "guint16", "guint32"}:
+            return "GUINT_TO_POINTER"
+        return None
+
+
+class Direction(Enum):
+    IN = "in"
+    OUT = "out"
+    INOUT = "inout"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Enumeration:
+    name: str
+    c_type: str
+    get_type: str
+    _members: List[ET.Element]
+
+    model: Optional[Model]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def members(self) -> List[EnumerationMember]:
+        factory = self.model.factory
+        members = []
+        for element in self._members:
+            c_identifier = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}identifier")
+            members.append(
+                factory.enumeration_member(element.get("name"), c_identifier, self)
+            )
+        return members
+
+    @cached_property
+    def customizations(self):
+        return self.model.customizations.type_customizations.get(self.name)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class EnumerationMember:
+    name: str
+    c_identifier: Optional[str]
+
+    enumeration: Enumeration
+
+
+def parse_gir(
+    file_path: str, dependencies: Sequence[Model], factory: Factory
+) -> Model:
+    tree = ET.parse(file_path)
+
+    el = tree.getroot().find("./namespace", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+    namespace = Namespace(
+        el.get("name"), el.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}identifier-prefixes"), el
+    )
+
+    def resolve_type(name: str) -> Tuple[str, ET.Element]:
+        assert (
+            name not in PRIMITIVE_GIR_TYPES
+        ), f"unexpectedly asked to resolve primitive type: {name}"
+
+        tokens = name.split(".", maxsplit=1)
+        if len(tokens) == 2:
+            ns_name, bare_name = tokens
+            if ns_name == namespace.name:
+                ns = namespace
+            else:
+                ns = next(
+                    (
+                        dep.namespace
+                        for dep in dependencies
+                        if dep.namespace.name == ns_name
+                    ),
+                    None,
+                )
+                if ns is None:
+                    assert ns is not None, f"unable to resolve namespace {ns_name}"
+        else:
+            ns = namespace
+            bare_name = name
+        qualified_name = f"{ns.name}.{bare_name}"
+
+        element = ns.type_elements.get(bare_name)
+        assert element is not None, f"unable to resolve type {bare_name}"
+
+        return (qualified_name, element)
+
+    object_types = OrderedDict()
+
+    for element in namespace.element.findall("./class", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+        name = element.get("name")
+        c_type = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}type")
+        get_type = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}get-type")
+        type_struct = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}type-struct")
+        if type_struct is not None:
+            type_struct = namespace.identifier_prefixes + type_struct
+        else:
+            type_struct = c_type + "Class"
+        parent = element.get("parent")
+        if parent is not None:
+            parent, _ = resolve_type(parent)
+        constructors = element.findall(".//constructor", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        methods = element.findall(".//method", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        properties = element.findall(".//property", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        signals = element.findall(".//glib:signal", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        implements = [
+            e.get("name") for e in element.findall(".//implements", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        ]
+
+        object_types[name] = factory.class_object_type(
+            name=name,
+            c_type=c_type,
+            get_type=get_type,
+            type_struct=type_struct,
+            parent=parent,
+            constructors=constructors,
+            methods=methods,
+            properties=properties,
+            signals=signals,
+            implements=implements,
+            resolve_type=resolve_type,
+            model=None,
+        )
+
+    for element in namespace.element.findall("./interface", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+        name = element.get("name")
+        c_type = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}type")
+        get_type = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}get-type")
+        type_struct = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}type-struct")
+        if type_struct is not None:
+            type_struct = namespace.identifier_prefixes + type_struct
+        else:
+            type_struct = c_type + "Iface"
+        prereq = element.find(".//prerequisite", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        parent = prereq.get("name") if prereq is not None else None
+        if parent is not None:
+            parent, _ = resolve_type(parent)
+        constructors = []
+        methods = element.findall(".//method", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        properties = element.findall(".//property", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        signals = element.findall(".//glib:signal", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+
+        object_types[name] = factory.interface_object_type(
+            name=name,
+            c_type=c_type,
+            get_type=get_type,
+            type_struct=type_struct,
+            parent=parent,
+            constructors=constructors,
+            methods=methods,
+            properties=properties,
+            signals=signals,
+            resolve_type=resolve_type,
+            model=None,
+        )
+
+    enumerations = OrderedDict()
+    error_domain = None
+
+    for element in namespace.element.findall("./enumeration", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+        enum_name = element.get("name")
+        enum_c_type = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}type")
+        get_type = element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}get-type")
+        members = element.findall(".//member", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        enumeration = factory.enumeration(
+            enum_name, enum_c_type, get_type, members, None
+        )
+        if element.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}error-domain") is not None:
+            error_domain = enumeration
+            continue
+        enumerations[enum_name] = enumeration
+
+    model = factory.model(
+        namespace,
+        object_types,
+        enumerations,
+        error_domain=error_domain,
+        factory=factory,
+    )
+
+    for t in object_types.values():
+        t.model = model
+    for t in enumerations.values():
+        t.model = model
+
+    return model
+
+
+def extract_callable_details(
+    element: ET.Element,
+    result_element: ET.Element,
+    object_type: ObjectType,
+    resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback,
+) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], List[Parameter], bool, bool, ET.Element]:
+    c_identifier = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}identifier")
+
+    parameters = element.findall("./parameters/parameter", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+    full_param_list = extract_parameters(
+        parameters,
+        nullable_implies_optional=True,
+        object_type=object_type,
+        resolve_type=resolve_type,
+    )
+    param_list = list(all_regular_parameters(full_param_list))
+    has_closure_param = any((param.get("closure") == "1" for param in parameters))
+
+    is_async = any(
+        param.type.name == "Gio.AsyncReadyCallback" for param in full_param_list
+    )
+    if not is_async:
+        result_element = element
+
+    finish_c_identifier = (
+        result_element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}identifier") if is_async else None
+    )
+
+    throws = result_element.get("throws") == "1"
+
+    return (
+        c_identifier,
+        finish_c_identifier,
+        param_list,
+        has_closure_param,
+        throws,
+        result_element,
+    )
+
+
+def extract_parameters(
+    parameter_elements: List[ET.Element],
+    nullable_implies_optional: bool,
+    object_type: ObjectType,
+    resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback,
+) -> List[Parameter]:
+    factory = object_type.model.factory
+    entries = []
+    for param in parameter_elements:
+        nullable = param.get("nullable") == "1"
+        entries.append((param, nullable))
+
+    last_required_index = None
+    for i, (param, nullable) in enumerate(entries):
+        optional = nullable and nullable_implies_optional
+        if not optional:
+            last_required_index = i
+
+    param_list = []
+    for i, (param, nullable) in enumerate(entries):
+        name = param.get("name")
+        type = extract_type_from_entity(param, resolve_type)
+
+        if last_required_index is None or i > last_required_index:
+            optional = nullable and nullable_implies_optional
+        else:
+            optional = False
+
+        ownership_val = param.get("transfer-ownership")
+        transfer_ownership = (
+            TransferOwnership[ownership_val]
+            if ownership_val is not None
+            else TransferOwnership.none
+        )
+
+        raw_direction = param.get("direction")
+        direction = (
+            Direction(raw_direction) if raw_direction is not None else Direction.IN
+        )
+
+        param_list.append(
+            factory.parameter(
+                name,
+                type,
+                optional,
+                nullable,
+                transfer_ownership,
+                direction,
+                object_type,
+            )
+        )
+    return param_list
+
+
+def all_regular_parameters(parameters: List[Parameter]) -> Iterator[Parameter]:
+    callback_index = None
+    for i, param in enumerate(parameters):
+        if param.type.name == "Gio.AsyncReadyCallback":
+            callback_index = i
+            continue
+
+        if callback_index is not None and i == callback_index + 1:
+            continue
+
+        yield param
+
+
+def extract_type_from_entity(
+    parent_element: ET.Element, resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback
+) -> Optional[Type]:
+    child = parent_element.find("type", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+    if child is None:
+        child = parent_element.find("array", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        assert child is not None
+        element_type = extract_type_from_entity(child, resolve_type)
+        if element_type.name == "utf8":
+            return Type(
+                "utf8[]",
+                "strv",
+                "gchar **",
+                "NULL",
+                "g_strdupv",
+                "g_strfreev",
+            )
+        elif element_type.name == "gchar":
+            return Type("char[]", "chararray", "gchar *", "NULL", "NULL", "NULL")
+        elif element_type.name == "GObject.Value":
+            return Type("Value[]", "valuearray", "GValue *", "NULL", "NULL", "NULL")
+        else:
+            assert (
+                element_type.name == "guint8"
+            ), f"unsupported array type: {element_type.name}"
+            return Type("uint8[]", "bytearray", "guint8 *", "NULL", "NULL", "NULL")
+
+    return parse_type(child, resolve_type)
+
+
+def parse_type(
+    element: ET.Element, resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback
+) -> Optional[Type]:
+    name = element.get("name")
+    assert name is not None
+    if name == "none":
+        return None
+
+    is_primitive = name in PRIMITIVE_GIR_TYPES
+    c_type = element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}type")
+
+    core_tag = None
+    if is_primitive:
+        type_element = element
+        if c_type is None:
+            c_type = name
+    else:
+        name, type_element = resolve_type(name)
+        if type_element.tag.startswith(CORE_TAG_PREFIX):
+            core_tag = type_element.tag[len(CORE_TAG_PREFIX) :]
+        c_type = type_element.get(f"{{{C_NAMESPACE}}}type")
+        if core_tag in {"class", "interface", "record"}:
+            c_type += "*"
+
+    nick = type_nick_from_name(name, element, resolve_type)
+    c = c_type.replace("*", " *")
+
+    default_value = "NULL" if "*" in c else None
+
+    if name == "utf8":
+        copy_func = "g_strdup"
+        destroy_func = "g_free"
+    elif name == "utf8[]":
+        copy_func = "g_strdupv"
+        destroy_func = "g_strfreev"
+    elif name == "GLib.HashTable":
+        copy_func = "g_hash_table_ref"
+        destroy_func = "g_hash_table_unref"
+    elif name == "GLib.Quark":
+        copy_func = None
+        destroy_func = None
+    elif name == "GObject.Value":
+        copy_func = "g_value_copy"
+        destroy_func = "g_value_reset"
+    elif name == "GObject.Closure":
+        copy_func = "g_closure_ref"
+        destroy_func = "g_closure_unref"
+    elif core_tag in {"class", "interface"}:
+        copy_func = "g_object_ref"
+        destroy_func = "g_object_unref"
+    elif is_primitive or core_tag in {"bitfield", "callback", "enumeration"}:
+        copy_func = None
+        destroy_func = None
+    else:
+        copy_func = type_element.get("copy-function")
+        destroy_func = type_element.get("free-function")
+        assert (
+            destroy_func is not None
+        ), f"unable to resolve destroy function for {name}, core_tag={core_tag}"
+
+    return Type(name, nick, c, default_value, copy_func, destroy_func)
+
+
+def type_nick_from_name(
+    name: str, element: ET.Element, resolve_type: ResolveTypeCallback
+) -> str:
+    if name == "GLib.PollFD":
+        return "pollfd"
+
+    tokens = name.split(".", maxsplit=1)
+    if len(tokens) == 1:
+        result = tokens[0]
+        if result.startswith("g"):
+            result = result[1:]
+    else:
+        result = to_snake_case(tokens[1])
+
+    if result == "hash_table":
+        key_type = parse_type(element[0], resolve_type)
+        value_type = parse_type(element[1], resolve_type)
+        assert (
+            key_type.name == "utf8" and value_type.name == "GLib.Variant"
+        ), "only GHashTable<string, Variant> is supported for now"
+        result = "vardict"
+
+    return result

frida_bindgen_core/naming.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+def to_snake_case(name: str) -> str:
+    result = []
+    i = 0
+    n = len(name)
+    while i < n:
+        if name[i].isupper():
+            if i > 0:
+                result.append("_")
+            start = i
+            if i + 1 < n and name[i + 1].islower():
+                while i + 1 < n and name[i + 1].islower():
+                    i += 1
+            else:
+                while i + 1 < n and name[i + 1].isupper():
+                    i += 1
+                if i + 1 < n:
+                    i -= 1
+            result.append(name[start : i + 1].lower())
+        else:
+            result.append(name[i])
+        i += 1
+    return "".join(result)
+
+
+def to_pascal_case(name: str) -> str:
+    return "".join(word.capitalize() for word in name.split("_"))
+
+
+def to_camel_case(name: str) -> str:
+    words = name.split("_")
+    return words[0] + "".join(word.capitalize() for word in words[1:])
+
+
+def to_macro_case(identifier: str) -> str:
+    result = []
+    for i, char in enumerate(identifier):
+        if char.isupper() and i != 0:
+            result.append("_")
+        result.append(char)
+    return "".join(result).upper()