Dump alive tasks every 30s in server and agent

Route the dump through GLib.info() using the new g_task_describe_alive_tasks(), so the agent's dump reaches logcat where its stdio is not visible. Bump the GLib wrap to the branch holding that function.
Trace agent session detach notification path
2026-11-08 17:12:49 -10:00 · 2026-07-29 18:12:10 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 17:47:25 +02:00 · 2026-07-29 15:10:37 +02:00 · 2026-07-28 14:47:05 +02:00 · 2026-07-22 00:30:06 +02:00
211 changed files with 19385 additions and 6615 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE arm64)
+set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
+set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
+set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE x64)
+set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
+set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
+set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ fromJSON(matrix.runner) }}
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Install MinGW toolchain for cgo support
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
          msystem: ${{ matrix.sys }}
          install: ${{ matrix.pkg }}
      - name: Install Go toolchain
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
          cache-dependency-path: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
@@ -61,13 +61,17 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib lib32stdc++-13-dev
+      - name: Install setuptools for distutils shim
+        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.id, 'windows-') }}
+        run: pip install setuptools
      - name: Build
        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.id, 'windows-') }}
        run: |
          .\configure `
              --host=${{ matrix.id }} `
              --enable-compiler-backend `
-              ${{ env.FRIDA_CORE_OPTIONS }}
+              ${{ env.FRIDA_CORE_OPTIONS }} `
+              -- --force-fallback-for=openssl
          .\make
        env:
          MSYS2_LOCATION: ${{ steps.msys2.outputs.msys2-location }}
@@ -91,14 +95,40 @@ jobs:
          make
      - name: Upload devkit
        if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.id, 'linux-') }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: core-devkit-${{ matrix.id }}
          path: build/src/devkit/
+      - name: Upload GObject introspection data
+        if: ${{ matrix.id == 'linux-x86_64' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: core-gir
+          path: build/src/api/Frida-1.0.gir
      - name: Test
        if: ${{ matrix.id != 'windows-arm64' && !startsWith(matrix.id, 'macos-') }}
        run: make test

+  publish-gir:
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && github.ref_type == 'tag' && needs.native.result == 'success' }}
+    needs:
+      - native
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Download GObject introspection data
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: core-gir
+          path: gir
+      - name: Attach to GitHub release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v3
+        with:
+          files: |
+            gir/Frida-1.0.gir
+          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, 'snapshot') }}
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
  cross:
    strategy:
      matrix:
@@ -113,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Install toolchain
@@ -121,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install ${{ matrix.pkg }}
      - name: Install Go toolchain
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
          cache-dependency-path: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
@@ -134,7 +164,7 @@ jobs:
          make
      - name: Upload devkit
        if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.id, 'linux-') }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: core-devkit-${{ matrix.id }}
          path: build/src/devkit/
@@ -148,11 +178,11 @@ jobs:
    container: ghcr.io/frida/x-tools-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}:latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Install Go toolchain
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
          cache-dependency-path: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
@@ -164,7 +194,7 @@ jobs:
              ${{ env.FRIDA_CORE_OPTIONS }}
          make
      - name: Upload devkit
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: core-devkit-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
          path: build/src/devkit/
@@ -181,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ghcr.io/frida/x-tools-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}:latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Build
@@ -312,11 +342,11 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ startsWith(matrix.id, 'ios-') && 'macos-latest' || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Install Go toolchain
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version-file: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
          cache-dependency-path: 'src/compiler/go.mod'
@@ -331,7 +361,7 @@ jobs:
        if: startsWith(matrix.id, 'android-')
        id: setup-ndk
        with:
-          ndk-version: r25c
+          ndk-version: r29
      - name: Add NDK to env
        if: startsWith(matrix.id, 'android-')
        run: echo ANDROID_NDK_ROOT=${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }} >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -343,7 +373,7 @@ jobs:
              ${{ env.FRIDA_CORE_OPTIONS }}
          make
      - name: Upload devkit
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: core-devkit-${{ matrix.id }}
          path: build/src/devkit/
@@ -402,7 +432,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ghcr.io/frida/qnx-tools:latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Build
@@ -411,7 +441,7 @@ jobs:
              ./configure --host=arm-unknown-nto-qnx6.5.0eabi ${{ env.FRIDA_CORE_OPTIONS }}
          make
      - name: Upload devkit
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: core-devkit-qnx-armeabi
          path: build/src/devkit/
@@ -428,6 +458,7 @@ jobs:
  # in, and we want to ensure that they are up-to-date with respect to the source
  # for all architectures.
  check-linux-helpers:
+    if: false
    strategy:
      matrix:
        arch: [x86, x86_64, arm, armbe8, arm64, arm64be, arm64beilp32, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el]
@@ -436,7 +467,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ghcr.io/frida/core-linux-helpers-${{ matrix.arch }}:latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Build
@@ -445,7 +476,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Check for unexpected changes
        run: |
          git config --global --add safe.directory "$(realpath .)"
-          status_output=$(git status --porcelain tests/labrats/{resident-agent,simple-agent}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.so tests/labrats/{forker,sleeper,spawner}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }})
+          status_output=$(git status --porcelain src/linux/helpers/artifacts)
          if [ -n "$status_output" ]; then
            echo "Unexpected changes detected:"
            echo "$status_output"
@@ -461,6 +492,7 @@ jobs:
  # in, and we want to ensure that they are up-to-date with respect to the source
  # for all architectures.
  check-labrats:
+    if: false
    strategy:
      matrix:
        arch: [x86, x86_64, arm, armbe8, arm64, arm64be, arm64beilp32, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el]
@@ -469,7 +501,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ghcr.io/frida/core-linux-helpers-${{ matrix.arch }}:latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
      - name: Build
@@ -478,7 +510,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Check for unexpected changes
        run: |
          git config --global --add safe.directory "$(realpath .)"
-          status_output=$(git status --porcelain src/linux/helpers/{bootstrapper,loader}-${{ matrix.arch }}.bin)
+          status_output=$(git status --porcelain tests/labrats/{resident-agent,simple-agent}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.so tests/labrats/{forker,sleeper,spawner}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }})
          if [ -n "$status_output" ]; then
            echo "Unexpected changes detected:"
            echo "$status_output"
@@ -491,30 +523,31 @@ jobs:

  xcframework:
    name: Build FridaCore.xcframework
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
    runs-on: macos-latest
    needs:
      - native
      - mobile
    steps:
      - name: Check out repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
      - name: Download macOS/x86_64 devkit
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: core-devkit-macos-x86_64
          path: devkits/macos-x86_64
      - name: Download macOS/arm64 devkit
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: core-devkit-macos-arm64
          path: devkits/macos-arm64
      - name: Download iOS/arm64 devkit
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: core-devkit-ios-arm64
          path: devkits/ios-arm64
      - name: Download iOS/arm64-simulator devkit
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: core-devkit-ios-arm64-simulator
          path: devkits/ios-arm64-simulator
@@ -577,19 +610,19 @@ jobs:
              -headers xcframework_headers/ios-arm64-simulator \
              -output FridaCore.xcframework
      - name: Upload FridaCore.xcframework
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
        with:
          name: FridaCore.xcframework
          path: FridaCore.xcframework

  publish-xcframework:
-    if: github.ref_type == 'tag'
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && github.ref_type == 'tag' && needs.xcframework.result == 'success' }}
    runs-on: macos-latest
    needs:
      - xcframework
    steps:
      - name: Download FridaCore.xcframework artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
          name: FridaCore.xcframework
          path: dist
@@ -612,10 +645,90 @@ jobs:
          cd dist
          zip -r FridaCore.xcframework.zip FridaCore.xcframework
      - name: Create GitHub release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v3
        with:
          files: |
            dist/FridaCore.xcframework.zip
          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, 'snapshot') }}
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  windows-shared:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { arch: x86_64, runner: windows-latest, msvc-arch: amd64, vcpkg-triplet: x64-windows-release }
+          - { arch: arm64, runner: windows-11-arm, msvc-arch: arm64, vcpkg-triplet: arm64-windows-release }
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+        with:
+          arch: ${{ matrix.msvc-arch }}
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+
+      - name: Install build tools
+        run: |
+          pip install meson ninja setuptools
+          choco install pkgconfiglite -y
+
+      - name: Restore vcpkg cache
+        id: vcpkg-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v5
+        with:
+          path: C:\vcpkg\installed
+          key: vcpkg-${{ matrix.vcpkg-triplet }}-v5
+
+      - name: Install dependencies via vcpkg
+        if: steps.vcpkg-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: >-
+          vcpkg install
+          --overlay-triplets=${{ github.workspace }}/.github/vcpkg-triplets
+          --triplet ${{ matrix.vcpkg-triplet }}
+          glib json-glib libsoup
+
+      - name: Save vcpkg cache
+        if: steps.vcpkg-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v5
+        with:
+          path: C:\vcpkg\installed
+          key: vcpkg-${{ matrix.vcpkg-triplet }}-v5
+
+      - name: Set up vcpkg environment
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          TRIPLET="${{ matrix.vcpkg-triplet }}"
+          VCPKG_PREFIX="C:/vcpkg/installed/$TRIPLET"
+          echo "$VCPKG_PREFIX/tools/pkgconf" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "$VCPKG_PREFIX/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "$VCPKG_PREFIX/tools" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VCPKG_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          python -c "import sys; sys.path.insert(0, '.'); from releng.meson_configure import main; main()" `
+              . `
+              --host=windows-${{ matrix.arch }} `
+              --enable-shared `
+              --without-prebuilds=sdk `
+              "--prefix=$env:RUNNER_TEMP\frida-prefix" `
+              -- --force-fallback-for=openssl,libnghttp2 -Dcompiler_backend=disabled -Dtests=disabled
+
+      - name: Compile
+        run: python releng/meson/meson.py compile -C build
+
+      - name: Install
+        run: python releng/meson/meson.py install -C build --no-rebuild --skip-subprojects
+
+      - name: List installed files
+        shell: bash
+        run: find "$RUNNER_TEMP/frida-prefix" -type f | sort
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/.cache/
 /build/
 /deps/
 /src/android-helper/build/
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code)
+when working with code in this repository.
+
+## What This Is
+
+frida-core is the core library of the Frida dynamic
+instrumentation toolkit. It packages GumJS into a shared
+library, injects JavaScript instrumentation into target
+processes, provides bidirectional RPC communication with
+injected scripts, and enumerates apps/processes/devices.
+Written primarily in Vala with OS-specific glue in
+C/Objective-C/asm.
+
+## Build Commands
+
+```bash
+# First-time setup (fetches git submodules, configures build):
+./configure \
+    --enable-compiler-backend \
+    --with-devkits=core \
+    --enable-tests
+
+# Build:
+make
+
+# Run tests:
+make test
+
+# Rebuild after code changes
+make
+```
+
+The `configure` script and `Makefile` are thin wrappers
+around `releng/meson_configure.py` and
+`releng/meson_make.py`. The actual build system is Meson
+(>=1.1.0).
+
+Build artifacts go into `build/`. The triplet is
+platform-dependent (e.g. `linux-x86_64`).
+
+## Build Requirements
+
+- **Vala compiler**: Must be the Frida-optimized fork from
+  https://github.com/frida/vala (checks for `-frida` suffix
+  in version)
+- **C/C++ standards**: gnu99/c99 for C, c++17 for C++
+- **Go >= 1.24**: Required for compiler backend
+- **Python 3**: Build scripts
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Backend System
+
+The core abstraction is a pluggable backend system. Each
+backend implements `HostSessionBackend` and provides a
+`HostSessionProvider` to create sessions with target
+processes:
+
+- **local** — Injects into processes on the local system
+  (Linux, macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, QNX)
+- **fruity** — iOS/tvOS/xrOS devices via USB/network
+  (QUIC, lockdown protocols)
+- **droidy** — Android devices via ADB/JDWP
+- **socket** — Remote devices via TCP (connects to
+  frida-server, frida-gadget, frida-portal)
+- **barebone** — Minimal backend using QuickJS
+- **simmy** — macOS Simulator
+- **compiler** — TypeScript/ESBuild compilation backend
+  (Go + TypeScript in `src/compiler/`)
+
+Backends are selected at build time via meson options
+(e.g. `-Dlocal_backend=enabled`).
+
+### Key Source Layout
+
+- **`src/frida.vala`** — Public API: `DeviceManager`,
+  `Device`, `Session`, `Script`
+- **`src/host-session-service.vala`** — Backend
+  orchestration, provider registration
+- **`src/control-service.vala`** — the guts of frida-server
+- **`src/portal-service.vala`** — the guts of frida-portal,
+  which looks like a frida-server that surfaces any joined
+  processes (think aggregator/reverse proxy)
+- **`lib/base/`** — Core primitives: Session, RPC, streams,
+  sockets, P2P, buffers
+- **`lib/agent/`** — In-process JavaScript agent runtime
+- **`lib/payload/`** — Payload compilation and embedding
+- **`lib/gadget/`** — Gadget (preloaded library)
+  implementation
+- **`src/<platform>/`** — Platform-specific injectors and
+  helpers (`linux/`, `darwin/`, `windows/`, `freebsd/`,
+  `qnx/`)
+- **`src/fruity/`** — iOS device protocol stack (USB, QUIC,
+  plist, XPC, LLDB)
+- **`src/droidy/`** — Android device protocol stack
+- **`src/compiler/`** — Go/TypeScript compiler backend
+
+### Injection Flow
+
+Each platform has its own injector (e.g. `Linjector` on
+Linux, `Fruitjector` on Darwin, `Winjector` on Windows). A
+helper process (`frida-helper`) performs privileged injection
+operations out-of-process. Helpers and agents can be embedded
+into the library or installed as separate files (controlled
+by the `assets` meson option).
+
+### Deliverables
+
+- **frida-server** (`server/`) — Standalone daemon exposing
+  the full API over the network
+- **frida-portal** (`portal/`) — Cluster node for
+  distributed instrumentation
+- **frida-inject** (`inject/`) — CLI tool for one-shot
+  script injection
+- **frida-gadget** (`lib/gadget/`) — Shared library for
+  preload-based instrumentation
+
+### Resource Embedding
+
+Build artifacts (frida-helper, frida-agent) are compiled
+into resource blobs via `tools/resource-compiler.vala` and
+embedding scripts (`src/embed-helper.py`,
+`src/embed-agent.py`). On non-MSVC toolchains these become
+`.S` assembly files; on MSVC they become `.obj` files.
+
+## Tests
+
+Tests are in `tests/` as Vala files using a custom async
+test harness (`tests/async-harness.vala`). Test binary is
+`tests/frida-tests`. Platform-specific runner scripts exist
+(e.g. `tests/run-linux-x86_64.sh`).
+
+Test modules: `test-system`, `test-injector`, `test-agent`,
+`test-host-session`, `test-gadget`, `test-compiler`. Test
+helper programs ("labrats") are in `tests/labrats/`.
+
+## Code Style
+
+### Function Order
+
+Use newspaper/stepdown order: high-level entry points
+first, low-level helpers and constants last. In C,
+`main()` is always first. When ordering siblings at the
+same level, use the chronological order of first use
+within their caller.
+
+## Commit Style
+
+- Subject line: max 50 characters
+- Body lines: wrap at 72 characters (use the full width, or
+  slightly less if it avoids making the next line awkward)
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 # frida-core

-Frida core library intended for static linking into bindings.
+Frida core library.

- Lets you inject your own JavaScript instrumentation code into other processes,
-  optionally with your own [C code][] for performance-sensitive bits.
- Acts as a logistics layer that packages up [GumJS][] into a shared library.
- Provides a two-way communication channel for talking to your scripts,
-  if needed, and later unload them.
- Also lets you enumerate installed apps, running processes, and connected
-  devices.
- Written in [Vala][], with OS-specific glue code in C/Objective-C/asm.
+- Lets you inject your own JavaScript instrumentation code
+  into other processes, optionally with your own [C code][]
+  for performance-sensitive bits.
+- Acts as a logistics layer that packages up [GumJS][] into
+  a shared library.
+- Provides a two-way communication channel for talking to
+  your scripts, if needed, and later unload them.
+- Also lets you enumerate installed apps, running processes,
+  and connected devices.
+- Written in [Vala][], with OS-specific glue code in
+  C/Objective-C/asm.

 ## Binaries

@@ -29,8 +32,43 @@ $ pip install frida # Python bindings
 $ npm install frida # Node.js bindings
 ```

-Or, for static linking into your own project written in a C-compatible language,
-download a devkit from the Frida [releases][] page.
+Or, for static linking into your own project written in a
+C-compatible language, download a devkit from the Frida
+[releases][] page.
+
+## Distro Packaging
+
+For building a shared library suitable for distro packaging:
+
+```console
+$ ./configure --enable-shared --without-prebuilds=sdk && make
+```
+
+This builds `libfrida-core-1.0.so` against system dependencies,
+while `frida-agent.so` is built using Frida's SDK (with its GLib
+fork, needed for the agent's inject/unload lifecycle).
+
+Prerequisites on Fedora:
+
+```console
+$ sudo dnf install libgee-devel json-glib-devel \
+      libsoup3-devel libunwind-devel libdwarf-devel \
+      libnice-devel ngtcp2-crypto-ossl-devel
+```
+
+Prerequisites on Ubuntu:
+
+```console
+$ sudo apt install libgee-0.8-dev libjson-glib-dev \
+      libsoup-3.0-dev libunwind-dev libdwarf-dev \
+      libnice-dev libngtcp2-crypto-ossl-dev
+```
+
+Prerequisites on macOS:
+
+```console
+$ brew install libgee json-glib libsoup libnice capstone
+```

 ## Internals

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import pickle
 import platform
+import re
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ def main(argv):
    command.add_argument("top_builddir", help="top build directory", type=Path)
    command.add_argument("frida_version", help="the Frida version")
    command.add_argument("host_os", help="operating system binaries are being built for")
+    command.add_argument("host_os_family", help="operating system family, e.g. darwin")
    command.add_argument("host_arch", help="architecture binaries are being built for")
    command.add_argument("host_config", help="configuration binaries are being built for")
    command.add_argument("compat", help="support for targets with a different architecture",
@@ -42,17 +44,23 @@ def main(argv):
    command.add_argument("assets", help="whether assets are embedded vs installed and loaded at runtime")
    command.add_argument("components", help="which components will be built",
                         type=parse_array_option_value)
+    command.add_argument("glib_flavor", help="upstream or frida", choices=["upstream", "frida"])
+    command.add_argument("apple_tls", help="whether the parent build is using the Apple TLS backend",
+                         choices=["enabled", "disabled"])
    command.add_argument("compilers", help="compiler command arrays", nargs="+")
    command.set_defaults(func=lambda args: setup(args.role,
                                                 args.builddir,
                                                 args.top_builddir,
                                                 args.frida_version,
                                                 args.host_os,
+                                                 args.host_os_family,
                                                 args.host_arch,
                                                 args.host_config if args.host_config else None,
                                                 args.compat,
                                                 args.assets,
                                                 args.components,
+                                                 args.glib_flavor,
+                                                 args.apple_tls,
                                                 parse_compilers(args.compilers)))

    command = subparsers.add_parser("compile", help="compile compatibility assets")
@@ -113,11 +121,14 @@ def setup(role: Role,
          top_builddir: Path,
          frida_version: str,
          host_os: str,
+          host_os_family: str,
          host_arch: str,
          host_config: Optional[str],
          compat: set[str],
          assets: str,
          components: set[str],
+          glib_flavor: str,
+          apple_tls: str,
          compilers: Compilers):
    try:
        outputs: Mapping[str, Sequence[Output]] = OrderedDict()
@@ -192,16 +203,21 @@ def setup(role: Role,

            if host_os == "windows" and host_arch in {"x86_64", "x86"} and have_toolchain:
                group = OutputGroup(other_label, other_triplet, extra_environ)
-                outputs[group] = [
-                    Output(identifier=f"helper_{other_kind}",
-                           name=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS.name,
-                           file=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS,
-                           target=HELPER_TARGET),
-                    Output(identifier=f"agent_{other_kind}",
-                           name=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS.name,
-                           file=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS,
-                           target=AGENT_TARGET),
-                ]
+                outputs[group] = []
+                if "helper" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier=f"helper_{other_kind}",
+                               name=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS.name,
+                               file=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS,
+                               target=HELPER_TARGET),
+                    ]
+                if "agent" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier=f"agent_{other_kind}",
+                               name=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS.name,
+                               file=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS,
+                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                    ]
                if "gadget" in components:
                    outputs[group] += [
                        Output(identifier=f"gadget_{other_kind}",
@@ -218,16 +234,21 @@ def setup(role: Role,
                    other_arch = "arm64e"
                    kind = "modern"
                group = OutputGroup(other_arch)
-                outputs[group] = [
-                    Output(identifier=f"helper_{kind}",
-                           name=f"frida-helper-{other_arch}",
-                           file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
-                           target=HELPER_TARGET),
-                    Output(identifier=f"agent_{kind}",
-                           name=f"frida-agent-{other_arch}.dylib",
-                           file=AGENT_FILE_DARWIN,
-                           target=AGENT_TARGET),
-                ]
+                outputs[group] = []
+                if "helper" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier=f"helper_{kind}",
+                               name=f"frida-helper-{other_arch}",
+                               file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
+                               target=HELPER_TARGET),
+                    ]
+                if "agent" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier=f"agent_{kind}",
+                               name=f"frida-agent-{other_arch}.dylib",
+                               file=AGENT_FILE_DARWIN,
+                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                    ]
                if "gadget" in components:
                    outputs[group] += [
                        Output(identifier=f"gadget_{kind}",
@@ -245,16 +266,21 @@ def setup(role: Role,

            if host_os == "linux" and host_arch == "x86_64" and have_toolchain:
                group = OutputGroup("x86", other_triplet, extra_environ)
-                outputs[group] = [
-                    Output(identifier="helper_legacy",
-                           name=HELPER_FILE_UNIX.name,
-                           file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
-                           target=HELPER_TARGET),
-                    Output(identifier="agent_legacy",
-                           name=AGENT_FILE_ELF.name,
-                           file=AGENT_FILE_ELF,
-                           target=AGENT_TARGET),
-                ]
+                outputs[group] = []
+                if "helper" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier="helper_legacy",
+                               name=HELPER_FILE_UNIX.name,
+                               file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
+                               target=HELPER_TARGET),
+                    ]
+                if "agent" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier="agent_legacy",
+                               name=AGENT_FILE_ELF.name,
+                               file=AGENT_FILE_ELF,
+                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                    ]
                if "gadget" in components:
                    outputs[group] += [
                        Output(identifier="gadget_legacy",
@@ -265,16 +291,21 @@ def setup(role: Role,

            if host_os == "android" and host_arch in {"arm64", "x86_64"}:
                group = OutputGroup("arm" if host_arch == "arm64" else "x86")
-                outputs[group] = [
-                    Output(identifier="helper_legacy",
-                           name=HELPER_FILE_UNIX.name,
-                           file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
-                           target=HELPER_TARGET),
-                    Output(identifier="agent_legacy",
-                           name=AGENT_FILE_ELF.name,
-                           file=AGENT_FILE_ELF,
-                           target=AGENT_TARGET),
-                ]
+                outputs[group] = []
+                if "helper" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier="helper_legacy",
+                               name=HELPER_FILE_UNIX.name,
+                               file=HELPER_FILE_UNIX,
+                               target=HELPER_TARGET),
+                    ]
+                if "agent" in components:
+                    outputs[group] += [
+                        Output(identifier="agent_legacy",
+                               name=AGENT_FILE_ELF.name,
+                               file=AGENT_FILE_ELF,
+                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                    ]
                if "gadget" in components:
                    outputs[group] += [
                        Output(identifier="gadget_legacy",
@@ -295,18 +326,24 @@ def setup(role: Role,
                            continue
                    else:
                        emulated_triplet = None
-                    outputs[OutputGroup(emulated_arch, emulated_triplet, extra_environ)] = [
-                        Output(identifier=f"helper_emulated_{kind}",
-                               name=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS.name.replace(".exe", f"-{emulated_arch}.exe"),
-                               file=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS,
-                               target=HELPER_TARGET),
-                        Output(identifier=f"agent_emulated_{kind}",
-                               name=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS.name.replace(".dll", f"-{emulated_arch}.dll"),
-                               file=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS,
-                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
-                    ]
+                    group = OutputGroup(emulated_arch, emulated_triplet, extra_environ)
+                    outputs[group] = []
+                    if "helper" in components:
+                        outputs[group] += [
+                            Output(identifier=f"helper_emulated_{kind}",
+                                   name=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS.name.replace(".exe", f"-{emulated_arch}.exe"),
+                                   file=HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS,
+                                   target=HELPER_TARGET),
+                        ]
+                    if "agent" in components:
+                        outputs[group] += [
+                            Output(identifier=f"agent_emulated_{kind}",
+                                   name=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS.name.replace(".dll", f"-{emulated_arch}.dll"),
+                                   file=AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS,
+                                   target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                        ]

-            if host_os == "android" and host_arch in {"x86_64", "x86"}:
+            if host_os == "android" and host_arch in {"x86_64", "x86"} and "agent" in components:
                outputs[OutputGroup("arm")] = [
                    Output(identifier="agent_emulated_legacy",
                           name="frida-agent-arm.so",
@@ -321,10 +358,46 @@ def setup(role: Role,
                               target=AGENT_TARGET),
                    ]

-        raw_allowed_prebuilds = os.environ.get("FRIDA_ALLOWED_PREBUILDS")
-        allowed_prebuilds = set(raw_allowed_prebuilds.split(",")) if raw_allowed_prebuilds is not None else None
+        if glib_flavor == "upstream":
+            kind = "modern" if arch_is_modern(host_os, host_arch) else "legacy"
+            _, agent_file, gadget_file = native_file_paths(host_os)
+            group = OutputGroup(host_arch)
+            outputs[group] = []
+            if "agent" in components:
+                outputs[group] += [
+                    Output(identifier=f"agent_{kind}",
+                           name=arch_suffixed_name(agent_file.name, host_arch),
+                           file=agent_file,
+                           target=AGENT_TARGET),
+                ]
+            if "gadget" in components:
+                outputs[group] += [
+                    Output(identifier=f"gadget_{kind}",
+                           name=arch_suffixed_name(gadget_file.name, host_arch),
+                           file=gadget_file,
+                           target=GADGET_TARGET),
+                ]
+        elif apple_tls == "enabled" and "agent" in components:
+            kind = "modern" if arch_is_modern(host_os, host_arch) else "legacy"
+            _, agent_file, _ = native_file_paths(host_os)
+            group = OutputGroup(host_arch)
+            outputs.setdefault(group, [])
+            outputs[group] += [
+                Output(identifier=f"agent_{kind}",
+                       name=arch_suffixed_name(agent_file.name, host_arch),
+                       file=agent_file,
+                       target=AGENT_TARGET),
+            ]

-        state = State(role, builddir, top_builddir, frida_version, host_os, host_config, allowed_prebuilds, outputs)
+        outputs = OrderedDict((g, items) for g, items in outputs.items() if items)
+
+        raw_allowed_prebuilds = os.environ.get("FRIDA_ALLOWED_PREBUILDS")
+        if raw_allowed_prebuilds is not None:
+            allowed_prebuilds = set(filter(None, raw_allowed_prebuilds.split(",")))
+        else:
+            allowed_prebuilds = None
+
+        state = State(role, builddir, top_builddir, frida_version, host_os, host_os_family, host_config, glib_flavor, apple_tls, allowed_prebuilds, outputs)
        serialized_state = base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(state)).decode('ascii')

        if missing:
@@ -360,7 +433,10 @@ class State:
    top_builddir: Path
    frida_version: str
    host_os: str
+    host_os_family: str
    host_config: Optional[str]
+    glib_flavor: str
+    apple_tls: str
    allowed_prebuilds: Optional[set[str]]
    outputs: Mapping[OutputGroup, Sequence[Output]]

@@ -440,20 +516,35 @@ def compile(privdir: Path, state: State):

            host_machine = MachineSpec(state.host_os, group.arch, state.host_config, group.triplet)

+            if state.glib_flavor == "upstream":
+                allowed = None
+            else:
+                allowed = state.allowed_prebuilds
+
+            if state.glib_flavor == "upstream":
+                forwarded_options = [o for o in options if not is_stripped_compat_option(o)]
+                forwarded_options += ["-Ddefault_library=static"]
+            else:
+                forwarded_options = [o for o in options if not is_overridden_compat_option(o)]
+            if state.apple_tls == "enabled":
+                forwarded_options += ["-Dapple_tls=disabled"]
+
            configure(sourcedir=REPO_ROOT,
                      builddir=workdir,
                      host_machine=host_machine,
                      environ={**build_env, **group.extra_environ},
-                      allowed_prebuilds=state.allowed_prebuilds,
+                      allowed_prebuilds=allowed,
+                      apple_min_os=detect_parent_apple_min_os(top_builddir, state.host_os, state.host_os_family),
                      extra_meson_options=[
                          "-Dcompiler_backend=disabled",
+                          "-Dassets=installed",
                          "-Dhelper_modern=",
                          "-Dhelper_legacy=",
                          "-Dagent_modern=",
                          "-Dagent_legacy=",
                          "-Dagent_emulated_modern=",
                          "-Dagent_emulated_legacy=",
-                          *options,
+                          *forwarded_options,
                      ],
                      call_meson=call_internal_meson,
                      on_progress=lambda progress: None)
@@ -484,6 +575,18 @@ def compile(privdir: Path, state: State):
    (state.builddir / DEPFILE_FILENAME).write_text("\n".join(depfile_lines), encoding="utf-8")


+def is_stripped_compat_option(o: str) -> bool:
+    if is_overridden_compat_option(o):
+        return True
+    name = o.split("=", 1)[0].removeprefix("-D")
+    return name in STRIPPED_COMPAT_OPTIONS or name.endswith(":default_library")
+
+
+def is_overridden_compat_option(o: str) -> bool:
+    name = o.split("=", 1)[0].removeprefix("-D")
+    return name in OVERRIDDEN_COMPAT_OPTIONS
+
+
 def load_meson_options(top_builddir: Path,
                       role: Role,
                       subprojects: set[str]) -> Sequence[str]:
@@ -521,7 +624,11 @@ def option_should_be_forwarded(k: "OptionKey",
        return is_for_us or is_for_child

    if coredata.CoreData.is_per_machine_option(k):
-        return k.machine is coredata.MachineChoice.BUILD
+        # The compat build generates its own machine files, so forwarding the
+        # parent's build-machine options would inject a foreign toolchain. In a
+        # native compat build that conjures a compiler-less build machine and
+        # breaks any native: true target.
+        return False

    if k.is_builtin():
        if k.name in {"buildtype", "genvslite"}:
@@ -593,6 +700,19 @@ def ensure_submodules_checked_out(releng_location: Path):
                       check=True)


+def detect_parent_apple_min_os(top_builddir: Path,
+                               host_os: str,
+                               host_os_family: str) -> Optional[Mapping[str, str]]:
+    if host_os_family != "darwin":
+        return None
+    pattern = re.compile(r"-target['\"],\s*['\"][^-]+-apple-" + re.escape(host_os) + r"([0-9.]+)")
+    for native_file in top_builddir.glob(f"frida-{host_os}-*.txt"):
+        match = pattern.search(native_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        if match is not None:
+            return {host_os: match.group(1)}
+    return None
+
+
 def detect_relevant_subprojects(releng_location: Path) -> dict[str, Path]:
    subprojects = detect_relevant_subprojects_in(REPO_ROOT, releng_location)
    gum_location = subprojects.get("frida-gum")
@@ -643,9 +763,48 @@ def detect_mingw_toolchain_for(arch: str) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
    return (found, triplet)


+def arch_is_modern(host_os: str, host_arch: str) -> bool:
+    if host_os in {"macos", "ios", "tvos"} and host_arch == "arm64":
+        return host_arch == "arm64e"
+    return host_arch in MODERN_ARCHS
+
+
+def native_file_paths(host_os: str) -> Tuple[Path, Path, Path]:
+    if host_os == "windows":
+        return (HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS, AGENT_FILE_WINDOWS, GADGET_FILE_WINDOWS)
+    elif host_os in {"macos", "ios", "tvos"}:
+        return (HELPER_FILE_UNIX, AGENT_FILE_DARWIN, GADGET_FILE_DARWIN)
+    else:
+        return (HELPER_FILE_UNIX, AGENT_FILE_ELF, GADGET_FILE_ELF)
+
+
+def arch_suffixed_name(name: str, arch: str) -> str:
+    stem, _, ext = name.partition(".")
+    if ext:
+        return f"{stem}-{arch}.{ext}"
+    return f"{stem}-{arch}"
+
+
 STATE_FILENAME = "state.dat"
 DEPFILE_FILENAME = "compat.deps"

+STRIPPED_COMPAT_OPTIONS = {
+    "default_library",
+    "frida-gum:gumjs",
+    "frida-gum:inspector",
+}
+
+OVERRIDDEN_COMPAT_OPTIONS = {
+    "compiler_backend",
+    "assets",
+    "helper_modern",
+    "helper_legacy",
+    "agent_modern",
+    "agent_legacy",
+    "agent_emulated_modern",
+    "agent_emulated_legacy",
+}
+
 HELPER_TARGET = "frida-helper"
 HELPER_FILE_WINDOWS = Path("src") / "frida-helper.exe"
 HELPER_FILE_UNIX = Path("src") / "frida-helper"
@@ -670,6 +829,8 @@ MSVS_ENVVARS = {
    "LIB",
 }

+MODERN_ARCHS = {"x86_64", "arm64", "arm64e", "mips64", "riscv64"}
+
 MINGW_ARCHS = {
    "x86": "i686",
    "arm64": "aarch64",
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+src = sys.argv[1]
+install_subdir = sys.argv[2]
+install_name = sys.argv[3]
+
+destdir_prefix = os.environ["MESON_INSTALL_DESTDIR_PREFIX"]
+dst_dir = os.path.join(destdir_prefix, install_subdir)
+dst = os.path.join(dst_dir, install_name)
+
+os.makedirs(dst_dir, exist_ok=True)
+shutil.copy2(src, dst)
+print(f"Installing {os.path.basename(src)} to {dst_dir}/{install_name}")
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ helper_depends = []
 agent_modern = get_option('agent_modern')
 agent_legacy = get_option('agent_legacy')
 agent_compat = ''
+agent_host_compat = ''
 agent_emulated_modern = get_option('agent_emulated_modern')
 agent_emulated_legacy = get_option('agent_emulated_legacy')
 agent_depends = []
@@ -28,6 +29,9 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
  build_py = [python, files('build.py')]

  components = []
+  if have_local_backend
+    components += ['helper', 'agent']
+  endif
  if build_gadget
    components += 'gadget'
  endif
@@ -42,11 +46,14 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
    meson.global_build_root(),
    frida_version,
    host_os,
+    host_os_family,
    host_abi,
    host_config,
    ','.join(get_option('compat')),
-    get_option('assets'),
+    assets_mode,
    ','.join(components),
+    have_shared_glib ? 'upstream' : 'frida',
+    use_apple_tls ? 'enabled' : 'disabled',
    '--',
    '>>>', cc.cmd_array(), '<<<',
    '>>>', cpp.cmd_array(), '<<<',
@@ -64,18 +71,27 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
  depfile = lines[4]
  state = lines[5]

+  native_arch_suffix = '-' + host_abi
+
  if host_os_family == 'darwin'
    install = false
    install_dir = asset_dir
  else
    install = true
    install_dir = []
+    i = 0
    foreach varname : varnames
-      if varname != 'arch_support_bundle' and (get_option('assets') == 'installed' or varname.startswith('gadget_'))
+      output_name = outputs[i]
+      needs_rename = output_name.contains(native_arch_suffix) or varname.contains('_emulated_')
+      should_install = varname != 'arch_support_bundle' \
+          and not needs_rename \
+          and (assets_mode == 'installed' or varname.startswith('gadget_'))
+      if should_install
        install_dir += varname.endswith('_modern') ? asset_dir_modern : asset_dir_legacy
      else
        install_dir += false
      endif
+      i += 1
    endforeach
  endif

@@ -96,6 +112,7 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
  foreach output : arch_support.to_list()
    outpath = output.full_path()
    varname = varnames[i]
+    output_name = outputs[i]

    set_variable(varname, outpath)

@@ -103,7 +120,11 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
      helper_compat = outpath
      helper_depends += arch_support
    elif varname.startswith('agent_')
-      agent_compat = outpath
+      if output_name.contains('-' + host_abi + '.')
+        agent_host_compat = outpath
+      else
+        agent_compat = outpath
+      endif
      agent_depends += arch_support
    elif varname.startswith('gadget_')
      gadget_compat = outpath
@@ -115,6 +136,29 @@ if no_overridden_compat_bits
      assert(false, f'unexpected variable name: @varname@')
    endif

+    if host_os_family != 'darwin'
+      rename_target_dir = ''
+      if output_name.contains(native_arch_suffix)
+        rename_target_dir = asset_dir
+      elif varname.contains('_emulated_')
+        emulated_arch = output_name.split('-')[-1].split('.')[0]
+        rename_target_dir = root_asset_dir / emulated_arch
+      endif
+      if rename_target_dir != ''
+        install_name = output_name.replace(native_arch_suffix, '')
+        foreach arch_suffix : ['-x86_64', '-x86', '-arm64', '-arm']
+          install_name = install_name.replace(arch_suffix, '')
+        endforeach
+        if assets_mode == 'installed' or varname.startswith('gadget_')
+          meson.add_install_script(python, files('install-renamed.py'),
+            outpath,
+            rename_target_dir,
+            install_name,
+          )
+        endif
+      endif
+    endif
+
    i += 1
  endforeach
 else
@@ -4,27 +4,14 @@ inject_sources = [
 ]

 system_vala_args = []
-
 if host_os_family != 'windows'
  system_vala_args += ['--pkg=posix']
 endif

-extra_link_args = []
-extra_link_depends = []
-if host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  symlist = 'frida-inject.symbols'
-  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,-exported_symbols_list,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symlist]
-  extra_link_depends += [symlist]
-elif host_os_family != 'windows'
-  symscript = 'frida-inject.version'
-  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,--version-script,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symscript]
-  extra_link_depends += [symscript]
-endif
-
 raw_inject = executable('frida-inject-raw', inject_sources,
  vala_args: [core_vala_args, system_vala_args],
-  link_args: extra_link_args,
-  link_depends: extra_link_depends,
+  link_args: executable_no_exports_link_args,
+  link_depends: executable_no_exports_link_depends,
  dependencies: [json_glib_dep, core_dep],
 )

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #  include <signal.h>
 # endif
 #endif
-#ifdef HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
+#if defined (HAVE_GIOAPPLE)
+# include <gioapple.h>
+#elif defined (HAVE_GIOOPENSSL)
 # include <gioopenssl.h>
 #endif

@@ -31,7 +33,9 @@ _frida_agent_environment_init (void)

  g_thread_set_garbage_handler (_frida_agent_on_pending_thread_garbage, NULL);

-#ifdef HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
+#if defined (HAVE_GIOAPPLE)
+  g_io_module_apple_register ();
+#elif defined (HAVE_GIOOPENSSL)
  g_io_module_openssl_register ();
 #endif

@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 				void * opaque_injector_state) {
 			Environment._init ();

+			apply_linker_notifier_offsets (agent_parameters);
+
 			{
 				Gum.MemoryRange? mapped_range = null;

@@ -186,6 +188,25 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 			Environment._deinit ();
 		}

+		private static void apply_linker_notifier_offsets (string agent_parameters) {
+			foreach (unowned string token in agent_parameters.split ("|")) {
+				if (!token.has_prefix ("linker-notifier-offsets:"))
+					continue;
+
+				uint[] offsets = {};
+				foreach (unowned string entry in token[24:].split (",")) {
+					uint offset;
+					if (uint.try_parse (entry, out offset))
+						offsets += offset;
+				}
+
+				if (offsets.length != 0)
+					Gum.ModuleRegistry.set_rtld_notifier_offsets (offsets);
+
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
 		public static void resume_after_transition (ref Frida.UnloadPolicy unload_policy, void * opaque_injector_state) {
 			{
 #if LINUX || FREEBSD
@@ -271,6 +292,8 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {

 			start.begin ((owned) padder);

+			start_alive_task_dumper ();
+
 			main_loop.run ();

 			main_context.pop_thread_default ();
@@ -282,30 +305,29 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 		private async void start (owned FileDescriptorTablePadder padder) {
 			string[] tokens = agent_parameters.split ("|");
 			unowned string transport_uri = tokens[0];
-			bool enable_exceptor = true;
-#if DARWIN
-			enable_exceptor = !Gum.Darwin.query_hardened ();
-#endif
+			var exceptor_mode = Gum.ExceptorMode.FULL;
+			bool enable_unwind_broker = true;
 			bool enable_exit_monitor = true;
 			bool enable_thread_suspend_monitor = true;
-			bool enable_unwind_sitter = true;
 			foreach (unowned string option in tokens[1:]) {
 				if (option == "eternal")
 					ensure_eternalized ();
 				else if (option == "sticky")
 					stop_thread_on_unload = false;
 				else if (option == "exceptor:off")
-					enable_exceptor = false;
+					exceptor_mode = OFF;
+				else if (option == "exceptor:handler-only")
+					exceptor_mode = HANDLER_ONLY;
+				else if (option == "unwind-broker:off")
+					enable_unwind_broker = false;
 				else if (option == "exit-monitor:off")
 					enable_exit_monitor = false;
 				else if (option == "thread-suspend-monitor:off")
 					enable_thread_suspend_monitor = false;
-				else if (option == "unwind-sitter:off")
-					enable_unwind_sitter = false;
 			}

-			if (!enable_exceptor)
-				Gum.Exceptor.disable ();
+			if (exceptor_mode != FULL)
+				Gum.Exceptor.set_mode (exceptor_mode);

 			{
 				var interceptor = Gum.Interceptor.obtain ();
@@ -317,7 +339,7 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 				if (enable_thread_suspend_monitor)
 					thread_suspend_monitor = new ThreadSuspendMonitor (this);

-				if (enable_unwind_sitter)
+				if (enable_unwind_broker)
 					unwind_sitter = new UnwindSitter (this);

 				this.interceptor = interceptor;
@@ -342,6 +364,16 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 			padder = null;
 		}

+		// TEMPORARY DEBUG HACK: dump alive GTasks every 30 seconds.
+		private void start_alive_task_dumper () {
+			var source = new TimeoutSource.seconds (30);
+			source.set_callback (() => {
+				GLib.info ("%s", g_task_describe_alive_tasks ());
+				return Source.CONTINUE;
+			});
+			source.attach (main_context);
+		}
+
 		private void keep_running_eternalized () {
 			agent_gthread = new Thread<bool> ("frida-eternal-agent", () => {
 				var ignore_scope = new ThreadIgnoreScope (FRIDA_THREAD);
@@ -904,6 +936,8 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 		private void on_session_closed (BaseAgentSession base_session) {
 			LiveAgentSession session = (LiveAgentSession) base_session;

+			GLib.info ("detach-trace: Agent emitting provider closed id=%s", session.id.handle);
+
 			closed (session.id);

 			unregister_session (session);
@@ -1704,4 +1738,8 @@ namespace Frida.Agent {
 			return repeat;
 		});
 	}
+
+	// TEMPORARY DEBUG HACK: only present when GLib is built with G_ENABLE_DEBUG.
+	[CCode (cname = "g_task_describe_alive_tasks")]
+	private extern string g_task_describe_alive_tasks ();
 }
@@ -1,104 +1,127 @@
-agent_sources = [
-  'agent.vala',
-  'agent-glue.c',
-]
-
-force_cpp_linking = have_v8
-if force_cpp_linking
-  agent_sources += ['dummy.cpp']
-endif
-
-extra_vala_args = []
-extra_link_args = []
-extra_link_depends = []
-
-if host_os_family != 'windows'
-  extra_vala_args += '--pkg=posix'
-endif
-if host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  extra_vala_args += '--pkg=frida-gum-darwin-1.0'
-endif
-
-if host_os_family == 'windows'
-  if host_toolchain != 'microsoft'
-    symfile = (host_arch == 'x86') ? 'frida-agent-x86.symbols' : 'frida-agent.symbols'
-    extra_link_args += '-Wl,--retain-symbols-file,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symfile
-    extra_link_depends += symfile
-  endif
-elif host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  extra_link_args += '-Wl,-exported_symbol,_frida_agent_main'
-else
-  if libc == 'glibc'
-    symscript = 'frida-agent-glibc.version'
-  elif host_os == 'android'
-    symscript = 'frida-agent-android.version'
-  else
-    symscript = 'frida-agent.version'
-  endif
-  extra_link_args += '-Wl,--version-script,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symscript
-  extra_link_depends += symscript
-endif
-
-if host_os_family in ['linux', 'qnx']
-  # For our libc shim to be effective.
-  extra_link_args += '-Wl,-Bsymbolic'
-endif
-
-raw_agent = shared_library('frida-agent-raw', agent_sources,
-  name_prefix: 'lib',
-  c_args: frida_component_cflags,
-  vala_header: 'frida-agent.h',
-  vala_args: [base_vala_args, payload_vala_args, extra_vala_args],
-  link_args: extra_link_args,
-  link_depends: extra_link_depends,
-  vs_module_defs: 'frida-agent.def',
-  override_options: ['b_asneeded=true'],
-  dependencies: [gio_dep, gee_dep, gum_dep, gumjs_dep, base_dep, pipe_dep, tls_provider_dep, payload_dep],
-)
-
-operations = ['--move', 'constructor', 'frida_libc_shim_init', 'first']
-if host_os_family != 'darwin'
-  operations += ['--move', 'destructor', 'frida_libc_shim_deinit', 'first']
-endif
-modulated_agent = custom_target('frida-agent-modulated',
-  input: raw_agent,
-  output: 'libfrida-agent-modulated' + shlib_suffix,
-  command: modulate + operations,
-)
-
 need_universal_agent = host_os_family == 'darwin' \
-    and get_option('assets') == 'installed' \
+    and assets_mode == 'installed' \
    and agent_compat != ''

-if host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  identity = 'FridaAgent'
-else
-  identity = agent_name
-endif
-agent = custom_target('frida-agent',
-  input: modulated_agent,
-  output: need_universal_agent ? f'@agent_name@-@host_abi@' : agent_name,
-  command: post_process + ['shared-library', identity],
-  build_by_default: true,
-  install: get_option('assets') == 'installed' and not need_universal_agent,
-  install_dir: asset_dir,
-)
+# When compat provides the host-arch agent (e.g. when use_apple_tls is on, so
+# the agent has to be built separately to avoid pulling in Apple frameworks),
+# skip building it here.
+build_agent = agent_host_compat == ''

-agent_dep = declare_dependency(link_with: agent)
+if build_agent
+  agent_sources = [
+    'agent.vala',
+    'agent-glue.c',
+  ]

-if need_universal_agent
-  custom_target('frida-agent-universal',
-    input: agent,
-    output: agent_name,
-    command: [
-      lipo,
-      '@INPUT@',
-      agent_compat,
-      '-create',
-      '-output', meson.current_build_dir() / agent_name,
-    ],
-    depends: agent_depends,
-    install: true,
+  force_cpp_linking = have_v8
+  if force_cpp_linking
+    agent_sources += ['dummy.cpp']
+  endif
+
+  extra_vala_args = []
+  extra_link_args = []
+  extra_link_depends = []
+
+  if host_os_family != 'windows'
+    extra_vala_args += '--pkg=posix'
+  endif
+  if host_os_family == 'darwin'
+    extra_vala_args += '--pkg=frida-gum-darwin-1.0'
+  endif
+
+  if host_os_family == 'windows'
+    if host_toolchain != 'microsoft'
+      symfile = (host_arch == 'x86') ? 'frida-agent-x86.symbols' : 'frida-agent.symbols'
+      extra_link_args += '-Wl,--retain-symbols-file,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symfile
+      extra_link_depends += symfile
+    endif
+  elif host_os_family == 'darwin'
+    extra_link_args += '-Wl,-exported_symbol,_frida_agent_main'
+  else
+    if libc == 'glibc'
+      symscript = 'frida-agent-glibc.version'
+    elif host_os == 'android'
+      symscript = 'frida-agent-android.version'
+    else
+      symscript = 'frida-agent.version'
+    endif
+    extra_link_args += '-Wl,--version-script,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symscript
+    extra_link_depends += symscript
+  endif
+
+  if host_os_family in ['linux', 'qnx']
+    # For our libc shim to be effective.
+    extra_link_args += '-Wl,-Bsymbolic'
+  endif
+
+  raw_agent = shared_library('frida-agent-raw', agent_sources,
+    name_prefix: 'lib',
+    c_args: frida_component_cflags,
+    vala_header: 'frida-agent.h',
+    vala_args: [base_vala_args, payload_vala_args, extra_vala_args],
+    link_args: extra_link_args,
+    link_depends: extra_link_depends,
+    vs_module_defs: 'frida-agent.def',
+    override_options: ['b_asneeded=true'],
+    dependencies: [gio_dep, gee_dep, gum_dep, gumjs_dep, base_dep, pipe_dep, tls_provider_dep, payload_dep],
+  )
+
+  operations = ['--move', 'constructor', 'frida_libc_shim_init', 'first']
+  if host_os_family != 'darwin'
+    operations += ['--move', 'destructor', 'frida_libc_shim_deinit', 'first']
+  endif
+  modulated_agent = custom_target('frida-agent-modulated',
+    input: raw_agent,
+    output: 'libfrida-agent-modulated' + shlib_suffix,
+    command: modulate + operations,
+  )
+
+  if host_os_family == 'darwin'
+    identity = 'FridaAgent'
+  else
+    identity = agent_name
+  endif
+  agent = custom_target('frida-agent',
+    input: modulated_agent,
+    output: need_universal_agent ? f'@agent_name@-@host_abi@' : agent_name,
+    command: post_process + ['shared-library', identity],
+    build_by_default: true,
+    install: assets_mode == 'installed' and not need_universal_agent,
    install_dir: asset_dir,
  )
+
+  agent_dep = declare_dependency(link_with: agent)
+endif
+
+if need_universal_agent
+  if build_agent
+    custom_target('frida-agent-universal',
+      input: agent,
+      output: agent_name,
+      command: [
+        lipo,
+        '@INPUT@',
+        agent_compat,
+        '-create',
+        '-output', meson.current_build_dir() / agent_name,
+      ],
+      depends: agent_depends,
+      install: true,
+      install_dir: asset_dir,
+    )
+  else
+    custom_target('frida-agent-universal',
+      output: agent_name,
+      command: [
+        lipo,
+        agent_host_compat,
+        agent_compat,
+        '-create',
+        '-output', meson.current_build_dir() / agent_name,
+      ],
+      depends: agent_depends,
+      install: true,
+      install_dir: asset_dir,
+    )
+  endif
 endif
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+namespace Frida {
+	public class AssetLocation : Object {
+		public string libdir {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		public static AssetLocation detect () {
+			string? module_path = null;
+			Gum.Address our_address = Gum.Address.from_pointer (Gum.strip_code_pointer ((void *) detect));
+
+			Gum.Process.enumerate_modules ((details) => {
+				var range = details.range;
+				if (our_address >= range.base_address && our_address < range.base_address + range.size) {
+					module_path = details.path;
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			});
+			assert (module_path != null);
+
+			string libdir = Path.get_dirname (module_path);
+			string basename = Path.get_basename (libdir).down ();
+			if (basename == "bin" || basename == "sbin") {
+				string parent = Path.get_dirname (libdir);
+				string candidate = Path.build_filename (parent, Config.FRIDA_LIBDIR);
+				if (FileUtils.test (candidate, IS_DIR))
+					libdir = candidate;
+			}
+
+			return new AssetLocation (libdir);
+		}
+
+		private AssetLocation (string libdir) {
+			Object (libdir: libdir);
+		}
+
+		public string derive_asset_path (string arch, string filename) {
+			string root = Path.build_filename (libdir, Config.FRIDA_LIBDIR_NAME);
+			if (FileUtils.test (root, IS_DIR))
+#if DARWIN
+				return Path.build_filename (root, filename);
+#else
+				return Path.build_filename (root, arch, filename);
+#endif
+			return Path.build_filename (libdir, filename);
+		}
+
+		public string derive_plugin_path (string filename) {
+			return Path.build_filename (libdir, Config.FRIDA_LIBDIR_NAME, "plugins", filename);
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+#if HAVE_LOCAL_BACKEND
 	public sealed class BpfObject {
 		public Programs programs {
 			get;
@@ -138,37 +139,35 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}

 		internal Libbpf.Object handle;
-		private char[] kernel_log_buf;

 		public static BpfObject open (string name, uint8[] blob) throws Error {
-			var log_buf = new char[128 * 1024];
-
 			var opts = Libbpf.Object.OpenOpts ();
 			opts.sz = sizeof (Libbpf.Object.OpenOpts);
 			opts.object_name = name;
-			opts.kernel_log_buf = log_buf;

+			var log = new LibbpfLogScope ();
 			var handle = Libbpf.Object.open_mem (blob, opts);
 			if (handle == null)
-				throw_libbpf_error (errno);
+				throw_libbpf_error (errno, log.take ());

-			return new BpfObject ((owned) handle, (owned) log_buf);
+			return new BpfObject ((owned) handle);
 		}

-		private BpfObject (owned Libbpf.Object handle, owned char[] kernel_log_buf) {
+		private BpfObject (owned Libbpf.Object handle) {
 			this.handle = (owned) handle;
-			this.kernel_log_buf = (owned) kernel_log_buf;

 			_programs = new Programs (this);
 			_maps = new Maps (this);
 		}

 		public void prepare () throws Error {
-			check_libbpf_result (handle.prepare ());
+			var log = new LibbpfLogScope ();
+			check_libbpf_result (handle.prepare (), log.take ());
 		}

 		public void load () throws Error {
-			check_libbpf_result (handle.load (), (string) kernel_log_buf);
+			var log = new LibbpfLogScope ();
+			check_libbpf_result (handle.load (), log.take ());
 		}

 		public sealed class Programs {
@@ -396,6 +395,30 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	private sealed class LibbpfLogScope {
+		private static StringBuilder buffer;
+
+		public LibbpfLogScope () {
+			if (buffer == null)
+				buffer = new StringBuilder ();
+			buffer.truncate ();
+			Libbpf.set_print (on_message);
+		}
+
+		~LibbpfLogScope () {
+			Libbpf.set_print (null);
+		}
+
+		public string take () {
+			return buffer.str.chomp ();
+		}
+
+		private static int on_message (Libbpf.PrintLevel level, string format, va_list args) {
+			buffer.append_vprintf (format, args);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private int check_libbpf_result (int result, string details = "") throws Error {
 		if (result < 0)
 			throw_libbpf_error (result, details);
@@ -522,6 +545,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 			STOP,
 		}
 	}
+#endif

 	namespace PerfEvent {
 		public FileDescriptor open (PerfEventAttr * attr, int pid, int cpu, int group_fd, uint flags) throws Error {
@@ -536,7 +560,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 		throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("%s (errno=%d: %s)".printf (message, Posix.errno, Posix.strerror (Posix.errno)));
 	}

+#if HAVE_LOCAL_BACKEND
 	private size_t round_up_8 (size_t x) {
 		return (x + 7) & ~((size_t) 7);
 	}
+#endif
 }
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 base_sources = [
+  'asset-location.vala',
  'session.vala',
  'session-glue.c',
  'channel.vala',
@@ -47,8 +48,10 @@ if host_os_family == 'linux'
  extra_vala_args += [
    '--pkg=linux',
    '--pkg=frida-atomics',
-    '--pkg=libbpf',
  ]
+  if have_local_backend
+    extra_vala_args += '--pkg=libbpf'
+  endif

  syscall_arch_from_abi = {
    'armbe': 'arm',
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ extra_deps = []
 if host_os_family != 'windows'
  extra_deps += gio_unix_dep
 endif
-if host_os_family == 'linux'
+if host_os_family == 'linux' and have_local_backend
  extra_deps += libbpf_dep
 endif

@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ base = static_library('frida-base-' + api_version, base_sources,
  vala_gir: base_gir_name,
  vala_vapi: f'frida-base-@[email protected]',
  dependencies: [glib_dep, gobject_dep, gio_dep, libsoup_dep, nice_dep, usrsctp_dep, gee_dep, json_glib_dep, gum_dep, openssl_dep] + extra_deps,
-  install: true,
+  install: have_in_tree_payloads,
  install_dir: [true, header_install_dir, true, false],
 )

@@ -124,10 +127,12 @@ base_dep = declare_dependency(

 base_build_dir = meson.current_build_dir()

-pkg = import('pkgconfig')
-pkg.generate(base,
-  filebase: f'frida-base-@api_version@',
-  name: 'Frida Base Library',
-  version: frida_version,
-  description: 'Basic building blocks',
-)
+if have_in_tree_payloads
+  pkg = import('pkgconfig')
+  pkg.generate(base,
+    filebase: f'frida-base-@api_version@',
+    name: 'Frida Base Library',
+    version: frida_version,
+    description: 'Basic building blocks',
+  )
+endif
@@ -1,26 +1,432 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_NICE

-#define OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED
-
 #include "frida-base.h"

 #include <errno.h>
-#include <openssl/asn1.h>
-#include <openssl/bio.h>
-#include <openssl/bn.h>
-#include <openssl/evp.h>
-#include <openssl/pem.h>
-#include <openssl/rsa.h>
-#include <openssl/x509.h>
 #include <usrsctp.h>

+#ifdef HAVE_GIOAPPLE
+# include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+# include <Security/Security.h>
+#else
+# define OPENSSL_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED
+# include <openssl/asn1.h>
+# include <openssl/bio.h>
+# include <openssl/bn.h>
+# include <openssl/evp.h>
+# include <openssl/pem.h>
+# include <openssl/rsa.h>
+# include <openssl/x509.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GIOAPPLE
+static SecKeyRef frida_rsa_keypair_generate (void);
+static void frida_rsa_export_public_key (SecKeyRef private_key, GByteArray * out);
+static void frida_rsa_export_private_key (SecKeyRef private_key, GByteArray * out);
+static void frida_rsa_sign_sha256 (SecKeyRef private_key, const guint8 * message, gsize message_length, GByteArray * out);
+
+static void frida_build_tbs_certificate (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * subject_public_key);
+static void frida_build_name (GByteArray * out);
+static void frida_build_rdn (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize oid_length, guint8 value_tag, const gchar * value);
+static void frida_build_validity (GByteArray * out);
+static void frida_build_subject_public_key_info (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * rsa_public_key);
+static void frida_build_signed_certificate (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * tbs, const GByteArray * signature);
+static void frida_build_algorithm_identifier (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize oid_length);
+static void frida_build_pkcs8_private_key_info (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * rsa_private_key);
+static gchar * frida_pem_encode (const gchar * type, const guint8 * der, gsize der_length);
+
+static void frida_der_append_tlv (GByteArray * out, guint8 tag, const guint8 * value, gsize length);
+static void frida_der_append_length (GByteArray * out, gsize length);
+static void frida_der_append_integer_uint (GByteArray * out, guint64 value);
+static void frida_der_append_null (GByteArray * out);
+static void frida_der_append_oid (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize length);
+static void frida_der_append_utctime (GByteArray * out, time_t t);
+static void frida_der_append_bit_string (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * bytes, gsize length);
+
+static const guint8 frida_oid_country[] = { 0x55, 0x04, 0x06 };
+static const guint8 frida_oid_organization[] = { 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a };
+static const guint8 frida_oid_common_name[] = { 0x55, 0x04, 0x03 };
+static const guint8 frida_oid_rsa_encryption[] = { 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01 };
+static const guint8 frida_oid_sha256_with_rsa[] = { 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x0b };
+#else
 static gchar * frida_steal_bio_to_string (BIO ** bio);
+#endif

 static int frida_on_connection_output (void * addr, void * buffer, size_t length, uint8_t tos, uint8_t set_df);
 static void frida_on_debug_printf (const char * format, ...);

 static void frida_on_upcall (struct socket * sock, void * user_data, int flags);

+#ifdef HAVE_GIOAPPLE
+
+void
+_frida_generate_certificate (guint8 ** cert_der, gint * cert_der_length, gchar ** cert_pem, gchar ** key_pem)
+{
+  SecKeyRef private_key;
+  GByteArray * rsa_public_key, * rsa_private_key, * subject_public_key, * tbs, * signature, * certificate, * pkcs8;
+
+  *cert_der = NULL;
+  *cert_der_length = 0;
+  *cert_pem = NULL;
+  *key_pem = NULL;
+
+  private_key = frida_rsa_keypair_generate ();
+
+  rsa_public_key = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_rsa_export_public_key (private_key, rsa_public_key);
+
+  rsa_private_key = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_rsa_export_private_key (private_key, rsa_private_key);
+
+  subject_public_key = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_build_subject_public_key_info (subject_public_key, rsa_public_key);
+
+  tbs = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_build_tbs_certificate (tbs, subject_public_key);
+
+  signature = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_rsa_sign_sha256 (private_key, tbs->data, tbs->len, signature);
+
+  certificate = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_build_signed_certificate (certificate, tbs, signature);
+
+  pkcs8 = g_byte_array_new ();
+  frida_build_pkcs8_private_key_info (pkcs8, rsa_private_key);
+
+  *cert_der = g_memdup2 (certificate->data, certificate->len);
+  *cert_der_length = certificate->len;
+  *cert_pem = frida_pem_encode ("CERTIFICATE", certificate->data, certificate->len);
+  *key_pem = frida_pem_encode ("PRIVATE KEY", pkcs8->data, pkcs8->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (pkcs8);
+  g_byte_array_unref (certificate);
+  g_byte_array_unref (signature);
+  g_byte_array_unref (tbs);
+  g_byte_array_unref (subject_public_key);
+  g_byte_array_unref (rsa_private_key);
+  g_byte_array_unref (rsa_public_key);
+  CFRelease (private_key);
+}
+
+static SecKeyRef
+frida_rsa_keypair_generate (void)
+{
+  SecKeyRef private_key;
+  CFMutableDictionaryRef attrs;
+  const int key_size_bits = 2048;
+  CFNumberRef key_size;
+
+  attrs = CFDictionaryCreateMutable (kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
+
+  key_size = CFNumberCreate (kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &key_size_bits);
+  CFDictionarySetValue (attrs, kSecAttrKeyType, kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA);
+  CFDictionarySetValue (attrs, kSecAttrKeySizeInBits, key_size);
+  CFRelease (key_size);
+
+  private_key = SecKeyCreateRandomKey (attrs, NULL);
+  g_assert (private_key != NULL);
+
+  CFRelease (attrs);
+
+  return private_key;
+}
+
+static void
+frida_rsa_export_public_key (SecKeyRef private_key, GByteArray * out)
+{
+  SecKeyRef public_key;
+  CFDataRef data;
+
+  public_key = SecKeyCopyPublicKey (private_key);
+  g_assert (public_key != NULL);
+
+  data = SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation (public_key, NULL);
+  g_assert (data != NULL);
+
+  g_byte_array_append (out, CFDataGetBytePtr (data), CFDataGetLength (data));
+
+  CFRelease (data);
+  CFRelease (public_key);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_rsa_export_private_key (SecKeyRef private_key, GByteArray * out)
+{
+  CFDataRef data;
+
+  data = SecKeyCopyExternalRepresentation (private_key, NULL);
+  g_assert (data != NULL);
+
+  g_byte_array_append (out, CFDataGetBytePtr (data), (guint) CFDataGetLength (data));
+
+  CFRelease (data);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_rsa_sign_sha256 (SecKeyRef private_key, const guint8 * message, gsize message_length, GByteArray * out)
+{
+  CFDataRef to_sign, signature;
+
+  to_sign = CFDataCreate (kCFAllocatorDefault, message, (CFIndex) message_length);
+
+  signature = SecKeyCreateSignature (private_key, kSecKeyAlgorithmRSASignatureMessagePKCS1v15SHA256, to_sign, NULL);
+  g_assert (signature != NULL);
+
+  g_byte_array_append (out, CFDataGetBytePtr (signature), (guint) CFDataGetLength (signature));
+
+  CFRelease (signature);
+  CFRelease (to_sign);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_tbs_certificate (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * subject_public_key)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_der_append_integer_uint (inner, 1);
+  frida_build_algorithm_identifier (inner, frida_oid_sha256_with_rsa, sizeof (frida_oid_sha256_with_rsa));
+  frida_build_name (inner);
+  frida_build_validity (inner);
+  frida_build_name (inner);
+  g_byte_array_append (inner, subject_public_key->data, subject_public_key->len);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_name (GByteArray * out)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_build_rdn (inner, frida_oid_country, sizeof (frida_oid_country), 0x13, "CA");
+  frida_build_rdn (inner, frida_oid_organization, sizeof (frida_oid_organization), 0x0c, "Frida");
+  frida_build_rdn (inner, frida_oid_common_name, sizeof (frida_oid_common_name), 0x0c, "lolcathost");
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_rdn (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize oid_length, guint8 value_tag, const gchar * value)
+{
+  GByteArray * atv, * rdn;
+
+  atv = g_byte_array_new ();
+  rdn = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_der_append_oid (atv, oid, oid_length);
+  frida_der_append_tlv (atv, value_tag, (const guint8 *) value, strlen (value));
+  frida_der_append_tlv (rdn, 0x30, atv->data, atv->len);
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x31, rdn->data, rdn->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (rdn);
+  g_byte_array_unref (atv);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_validity (GByteArray * out)
+{
+  const time_t lifetime_seconds = 15780000;
+  GByteArray * inner;
+  time_t not_before, not_after;
+
+  inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  not_before = time (NULL);
+  not_after = not_before + lifetime_seconds;
+
+  frida_der_append_utctime (inner, not_before);
+  frida_der_append_utctime (inner, not_after);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_subject_public_key_info (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * rsa_public_key)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_build_algorithm_identifier (inner, frida_oid_rsa_encryption, sizeof (frida_oid_rsa_encryption));
+  frida_der_append_bit_string (inner, rsa_public_key->data, rsa_public_key->len);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_signed_certificate (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * tbs, const GByteArray * signature)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  g_byte_array_append (inner, tbs->data, tbs->len);
+  frida_build_algorithm_identifier (inner, frida_oid_sha256_with_rsa, sizeof (frida_oid_sha256_with_rsa));
+  frida_der_append_bit_string (inner, signature->data, signature->len);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_algorithm_identifier (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize oid_length)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_der_append_oid (inner, oid, oid_length);
+  frida_der_append_null (inner);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_build_pkcs8_private_key_info (GByteArray * out, const GByteArray * rsa_private_key)
+{
+  GByteArray * inner = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  frida_der_append_integer_uint (inner, 0);
+  frida_build_algorithm_identifier (inner, frida_oid_rsa_encryption, sizeof (frida_oid_rsa_encryption));
+  frida_der_append_tlv (inner, 0x04, rsa_private_key->data, rsa_private_key->len);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x30, inner->data, inner->len);
+
+  g_byte_array_unref (inner);
+}
+
+static gchar *
+frida_pem_encode (const gchar * type, const guint8 * der, gsize der_length)
+{
+  GString * pem;
+  gchar * base64;
+  gsize length, i;
+
+  base64 = g_base64_encode (der, der_length);
+  length = strlen (base64);
+
+  pem = g_string_sized_new (length + 128);
+
+  g_string_append_printf (pem, "-----BEGIN %s-----\n", type);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < length; i += 64)
+  {
+    gsize chunk = MIN (64, length - i);
+    g_string_append_len (pem, base64 + i, chunk);
+    g_string_append_c (pem, '\n');
+  }
+
+  g_string_append_printf (pem, "-----END %s-----\n", type);
+
+  g_free (base64);
+
+  return g_string_free (pem, FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_tlv (GByteArray * out, guint8 tag, const guint8 * value, gsize length)
+{
+  g_byte_array_append (out, &tag, 1);
+  frida_der_append_length (out, length);
+  if (length > 0)
+    g_byte_array_append (out, value, length);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_length (GByteArray * out, gsize length)
+{
+  gint i;
+  guint8 buf[9], header;
+
+  if (length < 0x80)
+  {
+    guint8 b = (guint8) length;
+    g_byte_array_append (out, &b, 1);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  i = 0;
+  while (length > 0)
+  {
+    buf[++i] = (guint8) (length & 0xff);
+    length >>= 8;
+  }
+  header = (guint8) (0x80 | i);
+  g_byte_array_append (out, &header, 1);
+  while (i > 0)
+  {
+    g_byte_array_append (out, &buf[i], 1);
+    i--;
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_integer_uint (GByteArray * out, guint64 value)
+{
+  gint i;
+  guint8 buf[9];
+  gint start;
+
+  for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
+  {
+    buf[i + 1] = (guint8) (value & 0xff);
+    value >>= 8;
+  }
+  buf[0] = 0;
+
+  start = 0;
+  while (start < 8 && buf[start] == 0 && (buf[start + 1] & 0x80) == 0)
+    start++;
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x02, buf + start, (gsize) (9 - start));
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_null (GByteArray * out)
+{
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x05, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_oid (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * oid, gsize length)
+{
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x06, oid, length);
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_utctime (GByteArray * out, time_t t)
+{
+  struct tm tm;
+  gchar buf[16];
+
+  gmtime_r (&t, &tm);
+  g_snprintf (buf, sizeof (buf), "%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02dZ",
+      tm.tm_year % 100, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
+      tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec);
+
+  frida_der_append_tlv (out, 0x17, (const guint8 *) buf, strlen (buf));
+}
+
+static void
+frida_der_append_bit_string (GByteArray * out, const guint8 * bytes, gsize length)
+{
+  guint8 tag = 0x03;
+  guint8 unused_bits = 0;
+
+  g_byte_array_append (out, &tag, 1);
+  frida_der_append_length (out, length + 1);
+  g_byte_array_append (out, &unused_bits, 1);
+  if (length > 0)
+    g_byte_array_append (out, bytes, length);
+}
+
+#else
+
 void
 _frida_generate_certificate (guint8 ** cert_der, gint * cert_der_length, gchar ** cert_pem, gchar ** key_pem)
 {
@@ -90,6 +496,8 @@ frida_steal_bio_to_string (BIO ** bio)
  return result;
 }

+#endif
+
 void
 _frida_sctp_connection_initialize_sctp_backend (void)
 {
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 namespace Frida {
+	/**
+	 * Issues RPC calls over a {@link RpcPeer}, matching responses to requests.
+	 */
 	public sealed class RpcClient : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The peer used to send and receive RPC messages.
+		 */
 		public weak RpcPeer peer {
 			get;
 			construct;
@@ -7,10 +13,23 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private Gee.HashMap<string, PendingResponse> pending_responses = new Gee.HashMap<string, PendingResponse> ();

+		/**
+		 * Creates an RPC client that talks over @peer.
+		 *
+		 * @param peer the peer to send and receive messages through
+		 */
 		public RpcClient (RpcPeer peer) {
 			Object (peer: peer);
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Calls a remote method and waits for its result.
+		 *
+		 * @param method the method name to invoke
+		 * @param args the JSON arguments
+		 * @param data binary data to accompany the call, if any
+		 * @return the method's JSON result
+		 */
 		public async Json.Node call (string method, Json.Node[] args, Bytes? data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			string request_id = Uuid.string_random ();

@@ -69,6 +88,13 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return pending.result;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Feeds an incoming message to the client, matching it against pending
+		 * calls if it is an RPC response.
+		 *
+		 * @param json the incoming message as a JSON string
+		 * @return true if the message was an RPC message and was handled
+		 */
 		public bool try_handle_message (string json) {
 			if (json.index_of ("\"frida:rpc\"") == -1)
 				return false;
@@ -157,7 +183,17 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * A transport over which an {@link RpcClient} sends and receives RPC
+	 * messages.
+	 */
 	public interface RpcPeer : Object {
+		/**
+		 * Posts an RPC message to the peer.
+		 *
+		 * @param json the message as a JSON string
+		 * @param data binary data to accompany the message, if any
+		 */
 		public abstract async void post_rpc_message (string json, Bytes? data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError;
 	}
 }
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;

 		public abstract async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
+		public abstract async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+			Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async HostSpawnInfo[] enumerate_pending_spawn (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async HostChildInfo[] enumerate_pending_children (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 		public abstract async ServiceSessionId open_service (string address, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;

+		public signal void spawn_gating_disabled (SpawnGatingDisabledReason reason);
 		public signal void spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info);
 		public signal void spawn_removed (HostSpawnInfo info);
 		public signal void child_added (HostChildInfo info);
@@ -78,6 +81,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async void destroy_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async void load_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
+		public abstract async void interrupt_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
+		public abstract async void terminate_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 		public abstract async void eternalize_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;

 		public abstract async void enable_debugger (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
@@ -356,6 +361,8 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private async void teardown_peer_connection_and_emit_closed () {
 			schedule_on_frida_thread (() => {
+				GLib.info ("detach-trace: AgentMessageTransmitter %p emitting closed, nice_agent=%p",
+					this, nice_agent);
 				if (nice_agent != null)
 					close_nice_resources_and_emit_closed.begin ();
 				else
@@ -593,6 +600,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private async void teardown_peer_connection_and_emit_closed () {
 			schedule_on_frida_thread (() => {
+				GLib.info ("detach-trace: AgentMessageTransmitter %p emitting closed", this);
 				closed ();
 				return Source.REMOVE;
 			});
@@ -755,10 +763,25 @@ namespace Frida {
 		public abstract async void break_and_detach (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 	}

+	/**
+	 * What the Gadget should do when a configured breakpoint is hit.
+	 */
 	public enum GadgetBreakpointAction {
+		/**
+		 * Invoke the function and return immediately.
+		 */
 		INVOKE_RETURN,
+		/**
+		 * Resume execution.
+		 */
 		RESUME,
+		/**
+		 * Detach the Gadget.
+		 */
 		DETACH,
+		/**
+		 * Apply the page plan.
+		 */
 		PAGE_PLAN,
 	}

@@ -802,16 +825,37 @@ namespace Frida {
 	}

 	[DBus (name = "re.frida.AuthenticationService17")]
+	/**
+	 * Authenticates clients connecting to a {@link PortalService} or
+	 * {@link ControlService}.
+	 */
 	public interface AuthenticationService : Object {
+		/**
+		 * Authenticates a client by its token.
+		 *
+		 * @param token the token presented by the client
+		 * @return a JSON string describing the authenticated session
+		 */
 		public abstract async string authenticate (string token, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error;
 	}

+	/**
+	 * An {@link AuthenticationService} that accepts a single fixed token.
+	 */
 	public sealed class StaticAuthenticationService : Object, AuthenticationService {
+		/**
+		 * The SHA-256 hash of the accepted token.
+		 */
 		public string token_hash {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Creates a service that accepts the given token.
+		 *
+		 * @param token the token clients must present
+		 */
 		public StaticAuthenticationService (string token) {
 			Object (token_hash: Checksum.compute_for_string (SHA256, token));
 		}
@@ -865,6 +909,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 			throw_not_authorized ();
 		}

+		public async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+				Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			throw_not_authorized ();
+		}
+
 		public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			throw_not_authorized ();
 		}
@@ -944,8 +993,57 @@ namespace Frida {
 		throw new Error.PERMISSION_DENIED ("Not authorized, authentication required");
 	}

+	// Fires `expired` when a gated process goes unresumed too long, so the backend can cancel
+	// gating instead of letting a stalled client wedge process creation.
+	public sealed class SpawnGatingWatchdog : Object {
+		public signal void expired ();
+
+		public uint timeout_msec {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		private Gee.Map<uint, Source> deadlines = new Gee.HashMap<uint, Source> ();
+
+		// Default deadline: under the OS's own spawn-start timeouts (Android's is 10s).
+		public SpawnGatingWatchdog (uint timeout_msec = 8000) {
+			Object (timeout_msec: timeout_msec);
+		}
+
+		public void arm (uint pid) {
+			var deadline = new TimeoutSource (timeout_msec);
+			deadline.set_callback (() => {
+				expired ();
+				return Source.REMOVE;
+			});
+			deadline.attach (MainContext.get_thread_default ());
+			deadlines[pid] = deadline;
+		}
+
+		public void cancel (uint pid) {
+			Source? deadline;
+			if (deadlines.unset (pid, out deadline))
+				deadline.destroy ();
+		}
+
+		public void clear () {
+			foreach (var deadline in deadlines.values)
+				deadline.destroy ();
+			deadlines.clear ();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The realm an agent should run in.
+	 */
 	public enum Realm {
+		/**
+		 * The process's native realm.
+		 */
 		NATIVE,
+		/**
+		 * An emulated realm, such as code running under binary translation.
+		 */
 		EMULATED;

 		public static Realm from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -957,6 +1055,32 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * How the agent should take over exception handling in the target.
+	 */
+	public enum Exceptor {
+		/**
+		 * Install handlers and keep the target from overriding them.
+		 */
+		FULL,
+		/**
+		 * Install handlers but let the target replace them.
+		 */
+		HANDLER_ONLY,
+		/**
+		 * Do not handle exceptions.
+		 */
+		OFF;
+
+		public static Exceptor from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
+			return Marshal.enum_from_nick<Exceptor> (nick);
+		}
+
+		public string to_nick () {
+			return Marshal.enum_to_nick<Exceptor> (this);
+		}
+	}
+
 	public enum SpawnStartState {
 		RUNNING,
 		SUSPENDED;
@@ -1031,11 +1155,52 @@ namespace Frida {
 	}
 #endif

-	public enum SessionDetachReason {
+	/**
+	 * Why spawn gating was disabled on a {@link Device}.
+	 */
+	public enum SpawnGatingDisabledReason {
+		/**
+		 * A client asked to disable spawn gating.
+		 */
 		APPLICATION_REQUESTED = 1,
+		/**
+		 * A caught process went unresumed long enough that the gater cancelled gating to
+		 * avoid stalling process creation.
+		 */
+		WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT;
+
+		public static SpawnGatingDisabledReason from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
+			return Marshal.enum_from_nick<SpawnGatingDisabledReason> (nick);
+		}
+
+		public string to_nick () {
+			return Marshal.enum_to_nick<SpawnGatingDisabledReason> (this);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Why a {@link Session} was detached from its target.
+	 */
+	public enum SessionDetachReason {
+		/**
+		 * The host asked to detach.
+		 */
+		APPLICATION_REQUESTED = 1,
+		/**
+		 * The target process was replaced, for example by an exec.
+		 */
 		PROCESS_REPLACED,
+		/**
+		 * The target process exited.
+		 */
 		PROCESS_TERMINATED,
+		/**
+		 * The connection to the target was lost.
+		 */
 		CONNECTION_TERMINATED,
+		/**
+		 * The device became unreachable.
+		 */
 		DEVICE_LOST;

 		public static SessionDetachReason from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -1048,19 +1213,61 @@ namespace Frida {
 	}

 	[DBus (name = "re.frida.Error")]
+	/**
+	 * The errors that Frida operations can fail with.
+	 */
 	public errordomain Error {
+		/**
+		 * The frida-server is not running.
+		 */
 		SERVER_NOT_RUNNING,
+		/**
+		 * The specified executable was not found.
+		 */
 		EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND,
+		/**
+		 * The specified executable is not supported.
+		 */
 		EXECUTABLE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+		/**
+		 * No process matched the request.
+		 */
 		PROCESS_NOT_FOUND,
+		/**
+		 * The process is not responding.
+		 */
 		PROCESS_NOT_RESPONDING,
+		/**
+		 * An argument was invalid.
+		 */
 		INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+		/**
+		 * The operation is not valid in the current state.
+		 */
 		INVALID_OPERATION,
+		/**
+		 * Permission was denied.
+		 */
 		PERMISSION_DENIED,
+		/**
+		 * The requested address is already in use.
+		 */
 		ADDRESS_IN_USE,
+		/**
+		 * The operation timed out.
+		 */
 		TIMED_OUT,
+		/**
+		 * The operation is not supported.
+		 */
 		NOT_SUPPORTED,
+		/**
+		 * A protocol error occurred.
+		 */
 		PROTOCOL,
+		/**
+		 * A transport-level error occurred.
+		 */
 		TRANSPORT
 	}

@@ -1127,7 +1334,13 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Device.get_frontmost_application}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class FrontmostQueryOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * How much detail to include about the application.
+		 */
 		public Scope scope {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1157,7 +1370,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Device.enumerate_applications}, including an optional
+	 * set of identifiers to restrict the results to.
+	 */
 	public sealed class ApplicationQueryOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * How much detail to include about each application.
+		 */
 		public Scope scope {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1166,14 +1386,30 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private Gee.List<string> identifiers = new Gee.ArrayList<string> ();

+		/**
+		 * Restricts the query to the given application identifier. May be called
+		 * multiple times to select several.
+		 *
+		 * @param identifier the application identifier to include
+		 */
 		public void select_identifier (string identifier) {
 			identifiers.add (identifier);
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Checks whether any identifiers have been selected.
+		 *
+		 * @return true if the query is restricted to specific identifiers
+		 */
 		public bool has_selected_identifiers () {
 			return !identifiers.is_empty;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Invokes @func for each selected identifier.
+		 *
+		 * @param func function called with each identifier
+		 */
 		public void enumerate_selected_identifiers (Func<string> func) {
 			foreach (var identifier in identifiers)
 				func (identifier);
@@ -1215,7 +1451,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Device.enumerate_processes}, including an optional set
+	 * of PIDs to restrict the results to.
+	 */
 	public sealed class ProcessQueryOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * How much detail to include about each process.
+		 */
 		public Scope scope {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1224,14 +1467,30 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private Gee.List<uint> pids = new Gee.ArrayList<uint> ();

+		/**
+		 * Restricts the query to the given PID. May be called multiple times to
+		 * select several.
+		 *
+		 * @param pid the process ID to include
+		 */
 		public void select_pid (uint pid) {
 			pids.add (pid);
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Checks whether any PIDs have been selected.
+		 *
+		 * @return true if the query is restricted to specific PIDs
+		 */
 		public bool has_selected_pids () {
 			return !pids.is_empty;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Invokes @func for each selected PID.
+		 *
+		 * @param func function called with each PID
+		 */
 		public void enumerate_selected_pids (Func<uint> func) {
 			foreach (var pid in pids)
 				func (pid);
@@ -1273,9 +1532,21 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * How much detail to include in query results.
+	 */
 	public enum Scope {
+		/**
+		 * Only the essential fields.
+		 */
 		MINIMAL,
+		/**
+		 * Essential fields plus metadata.
+		 */
 		METADATA,
+		/**
+		 * Everything available.
+		 */
 		FULL;

 		public static Scope from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -1287,6 +1558,67 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Device.enable_spawn_gating}.
+	 */
+	public sealed class SpawnGatingOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * Which processes to gate. Anything other than DEFAULT requires a Frida new enough to
+		 * support scoping, and fails rather than silently gating something broader than asked.
+		 */
+		public SpawnGatingScope scope {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = DEFAULT;
+		}
+
+		public HashTable<string, Variant> _serialize () {
+			var dict = make_parameters_dict ();
+
+			if (scope != DEFAULT)
+				dict["scope"] = new Variant.string (scope.to_nick ());
+
+			return dict;
+		}
+
+		public static SpawnGatingOptions _deserialize (HashTable<string, Variant> dict) throws Error {
+			var options = new SpawnGatingOptions ();
+
+			Variant? scope = dict["scope"];
+			if (scope != null) {
+				if (!scope.is_of_type (VariantType.STRING))
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("The 'scope' option must be a string");
+				options.scope = SpawnGatingScope.from_nick (scope.get_string ());
+			}
+
+			return options;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public enum SpawnGatingScope {
+		/**
+		 * Leave the choice to the implementation. Sent as a plain enable_spawn_gating call, so
+		 * it still works against a Frida too old to know about scopes.
+		 */
+		DEFAULT,
+		/**
+		 * Application launches only.
+		 */
+		APPLICATIONS,
+		/**
+		 * Every process created on the system. More potent but far more intrusive.
+		 */
+		PROCESSES;
+
+		public static SpawnGatingScope from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
+			return Marshal.enum_from_nick<SpawnGatingScope> (nick);
+		}
+
+		public string to_nick () {
+			return Marshal.enum_to_nick<SpawnGatingScope> (this);
+		}
+	}
+
 	public struct HostSpawnOptions {
 		public bool has_argv;
 		public string[] argv;
@@ -1357,24 +1689,103 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options controlling how {@link Device.attach} sets up a {@link Session}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class SessionOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The realm to attach in.
+		 */
 		public Realm realm {
 			get;
 			set;
 			default = NATIVE;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * How long the session may survive a disconnection before being torn
+		 * down, in seconds; 0 disables persistence.
+		 */
 		public uint persist_timeout {
 			get;
 			set;
 			default = 0;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Path to a custom agent to use in the emulated realm.
+		 */
 		public string? emulated_agent_path {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * How the agent should handle exceptions in the target.
+		 */
+		public Exceptor exceptor {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = FULL;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Whether to install the unwind broker so exceptions can propagate
+		 * through instrumented code.
+		 */
+		public bool unwind_broker {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = true;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Whether to monitor the target for exit so the session is cleaned up.
+		 */
+		public bool exit_monitor {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = true;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Whether to monitor thread suspension in the target.
+		 */
+		public bool thread_suspend_monitor {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = true;
+		}
+
+		private Gee.List<uint> linker_notifier_offsets = new Gee.ArrayList<uint> ();
+
+		/**
+		 * Clears the configured linker notifier offsets.
+		 */
+		public void clear_linker_notifier_offsets () {
+			linker_notifier_offsets.clear ();
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Adds a linker notifier offset, used to detect module load and unload
+		 * events in the target.
+		 *
+		 * @param offset the offset into the linker to instrument
+		 */
+		public void add_linker_notifier_offset (uint offset) {
+			linker_notifier_offsets.add (offset);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Invokes @func for each configured linker notifier offset.
+		 *
+		 * @param func function called with each offset
+		 */
+		public void enumerate_linker_notifier_offsets (Func<uint> func) {
+			foreach (var offset in linker_notifier_offsets)
+				func (offset);
+		}
+
 		public HashTable<string, Variant> _serialize () {
 			var dict = make_parameters_dict ();

@@ -1387,6 +1798,25 @@ namespace Frida {
 			if (emulated_agent_path != null)
 				dict["emulated-agent-path"] = new Variant.string (emulated_agent_path);

+			if (exceptor != FULL)
+				dict["exceptor"] = new Variant.string (exceptor.to_nick ());
+
+			if (!unwind_broker)
+				dict["unwind-broker"] = new Variant.string ("off");
+
+			if (!exit_monitor)
+				dict["exit-monitor"] = new Variant.string ("off");
+
+			if (!thread_suspend_monitor)
+				dict["thread-suspend-monitor"] = new Variant.string ("off");
+
+			if (!linker_notifier_offsets.is_empty) {
+				var builder = new VariantBuilder (new VariantType ("au"));
+				foreach (uint offset in linker_notifier_offsets)
+					builder.add ("u", offset);
+				dict["linker-notifier-offsets"] = builder.end ();
+			}
+
 			return dict;
 		}

@@ -1414,12 +1844,61 @@ namespace Frida {
 				options.emulated_agent_path = path.get_string ();
 			}

+			Variant? exceptor = dict["exceptor"];
+			if (exceptor != null) {
+				if (!exceptor.is_of_type (VariantType.STRING))
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("The 'exceptor' option must be a string");
+				options.exceptor = Exceptor.from_nick (exceptor.get_string ());
+			}
+
+			Variant? unwind_broker = dict["unwind-broker"];
+			if (unwind_broker != null) {
+				if (!unwind_broker.is_of_type (VariantType.STRING) || unwind_broker.get_string () != "off")
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("The 'unwind-broker' option is invalid");
+				options.unwind_broker = false;
+			}
+
+			Variant? exit_monitor = dict["exit-monitor"];
+			if (exit_monitor != null) {
+				if (!exit_monitor.is_of_type (VariantType.STRING) || exit_monitor.get_string () != "off")
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("The 'exit-monitor' option is invalid");
+				options.exit_monitor = false;
+			}
+
+			Variant? thread_suspend_monitor = dict["thread-suspend-monitor"];
+			if (thread_suspend_monitor != null) {
+				if (!thread_suspend_monitor.is_of_type (VariantType.STRING) ||
+						thread_suspend_monitor.get_string () != "off")
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("The 'thread-suspend-monitor' option is invalid");
+				options.thread_suspend_monitor = false;
+			}
+
+			Variant? offsets = dict["linker-notifier-offsets"];
+			if (offsets != null) {
+				if (!offsets.is_of_type (new VariantType ("au")))
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT (
+						"The 'linker-notifier-offsets' option must be an array of uint32");
+				uint n = (uint) offsets.n_children ();
+				for (uint i = 0; i != n; i++)
+					options.add_linker_notifier_offset (offsets.get_child_value (i).get_uint32 ());
+			}
+
 			return options;
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * How to set up the standard I/O streams of a spawned process.
+	 */
 	public enum Stdio {
+		/**
+		 * Inherit the host's streams.
+		 */
 		INHERIT,
+		/**
+		 * Pipe the streams through Frida, surfaced via {@link Device.output}
+		 * and {@link Device.input}.
+		 */
 		PIPE;

 		public static Stdio from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -1483,9 +1962,21 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * How a {@link Child} came to be.
+	 */
 	public enum ChildOrigin {
+		/**
+		 * Created by fork().
+		 */
 		FORK,
+		/**
+		 * The result of an exec() replacing the image.
+		 */
 		EXEC,
+		/**
+		 * Spawned as a new process.
+		 */
 		SPAWN;

 		public static ChildOrigin from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -1602,23 +2093,39 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for creating a {@link Script} with {@link Session.create_script}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class ScriptOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * A name for the script, used in logging and debugging.
+		 */
 		public string? name {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * A heap snapshot to start the script from, as produced by
+		 * {@link Session.snapshot_script}.
+		 */
 		public Bytes? snapshot {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * How the snapshot is delivered to the runtime.
+		 */
 		public SnapshotTransport snapshot_transport {
 			get;
 			set;
 			default = INLINE;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Which JavaScript runtime to run the script in.
+		 */
 		public ScriptRuntime runtime {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1687,17 +2194,35 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * How a script's heap snapshot is delivered to the runtime.
+	 */
 	public enum SnapshotTransport {
+		/**
+		 * Embed the snapshot inline with the script.
+		 */
 		INLINE,
+		/**
+		 * Pass the snapshot through shared memory.
+		 */
 		SHARED_MEMORY
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for building a heap snapshot with {@link Session.snapshot_script}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class SnapshotOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * Script to run to warm up the runtime before capturing the snapshot.
+		 */
 		public string? warmup_script {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Which JavaScript runtime to capture the snapshot for.
+		 */
 		public ScriptRuntime runtime {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1737,9 +2262,21 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Which JavaScript runtime a script should use.
+	 */
 	public enum ScriptRuntime {
+		/**
+		 * Let Frida choose.
+		 */
 		DEFAULT,
+		/**
+		 * The QuickJS runtime.
+		 */
 		QJS,
+		/**
+		 * The V8 runtime.
+		 */
 		V8;

 		public static ScriptRuntime from_nick (string nick) throws Error {
@@ -1767,17 +2304,29 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Session.join_portal}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class PortalOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * TLS certificate to present to the portal.
+		 */
 		public TlsCertificate? certificate {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Authentication token to present to the portal.
+		 */
 		public string? token {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Access-control tags scoping what this membership may reach.
+		 */
 		public string[]? acl {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1830,7 +2379,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for {@link Session.setup_peer_connection}, configuring how the
+	 * peer-to-peer connection is negotiated.
+	 */
 	public sealed class PeerOptions : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The STUN server to use for discovering the public address, if any.
+		 */
 		public string? stun_server {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -1838,14 +2394,27 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private Gee.List<Relay> relays = new Gee.ArrayList<Relay> ();

+		/**
+		 * Removes all configured relays.
+		 */
 		public void clear_relays () {
 			relays.clear ();
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Adds a relay to use when a direct connection cannot be established.
+		 *
+		 * @param relay the relay to add
+		 */
 		public void add_relay (Relay relay) {
 			relays.add (relay);
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Invokes @func for each configured relay.
+		 *
+		 * @param func function called with each relay
+		 */
 		public void enumerate_relays (Func<Relay> func) {
 			foreach (var relay in relays)
 				func (relay);
@@ -1891,27 +2460,51 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * A TURN relay used to establish a peer-to-peer connection when a direct
+	 * one is not possible.
+	 */
 	public sealed class Relay : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The relay's address, as host and port.
+		 */
 		public string address {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * The username to authenticate with.
+		 */
 		public string username {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * The password to authenticate with.
+		 */
 		public string password {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * The kind of relay and transport to use.
+		 */
 		public RelayKind kind {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Creates a relay.
+		 *
+		 * @param address the relay's address, as host and port
+		 * @param username the username to authenticate with
+		 * @param password the password to authenticate with
+		 * @param kind the kind of relay and transport
+		 */
 		public Relay (string address, string username, string password, RelayKind kind) {
 			Object (
 				address: address,
@@ -1938,9 +2531,21 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * The kind of a {@link Relay} used for peer-to-peer connections.
+	 */
 	public enum RelayKind {
+		/**
+		 * A TURN relay reached over UDP.
+		 */
 		TURN_UDP,
+		/**
+		 * A TURN relay reached over TCP.
+		 */
 		TURN_TCP,
+		/**
+		 * A TURN relay reached over TLS.
+		 */
 		TURN_TLS
 	}

@@ -97,37 +97,77 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Configures the network endpoint a {@link PortalService} or
+	 * {@link ControlService} listens on.
+	 */
 	public sealed class EndpointParameters : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The address to bind to, or null for the default.
+		 */
 		public string? address {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * The port to listen on, or 0 for the default.
+		 */
 		public uint16 port {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * TLS certificate to serve, enabling TLS when set.
+		 */
 		public TlsCertificate? certificate {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Origin to require from connecting clients, if any.
+		 */
 		public string? origin {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Service used to authenticate connecting clients, if any.
+		 */
 		public AuthenticationService? auth_service {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Directory whose files are served as static web assets, if any.
+		 */
 		public File? asset_root {
 			get;
 			set;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Handler invoked for web requests, if any.
+		 */
+		public WebRequestHandler? request_handler {
+			get;
+			set;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Creates endpoint parameters.
+		 *
+		 * @param address the address to bind to, or null for the default
+		 * @param port the port to listen on, or 0 for the default
+		 * @param certificate TLS certificate to serve, or null for plaintext
+		 * @param origin origin to require from clients, or null
+		 * @param auth_service service used to authenticate clients, or null
+		 * @param asset_root directory of static assets to serve, or null
+		 */
 		public EndpointParameters (string? address = null, uint16 port = 0, TlsCertificate? certificate = null,
 				string? origin = null, AuthenticationService? auth_service = null, File? asset_root = null) {
 			Object (
@@ -141,6 +181,132 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Handles web requests made to an endpoint's served assets.
+	 */
+	public interface WebRequestHandler : Object {
+		/**
+		 * Handles a single web request.
+		 *
+		 * @param request the incoming request
+		 * @return the response to send, or null to fall through to the default
+		 *   handling
+		 */
+		public abstract async WebResponse? handle_request (WebRequest request, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * An incoming web request passed to a {@link WebRequestHandler}.
+	 */
+	public sealed class WebRequest : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The HTTP method, such as `GET` or `POST`.
+		 */
+		public string method {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The request path.
+		 */
+		public string path {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The raw query string, if any.
+		 */
+		public string? query_string {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The request body, if any.
+		 */
+		public Bytes? body {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		private Soup.MessageHeaders raw_headers;
+
+		internal WebRequest (string method, string path, string? query_string, Soup.MessageHeaders headers, Bytes? body) {
+			Object (method: method, path: path, query_string: query_string, body: body);
+			raw_headers = headers;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Invokes @func for each request header.
+		 *
+		 * @param func function called with each header's name and value
+		 */
+		public void foreach_header (WebRequestHeaderFunc func) {
+			raw_headers.foreach ((name, val) => {
+				func (name, val);
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback invoked for each header while iterating a {@link WebRequest}.
+	 *
+	 * @param name the header name
+	 * @param val the header value
+	 */
+	public delegate void WebRequestHeaderFunc (string name, string val);
+
+	/**
+	 * A response returned from a {@link WebRequestHandler}.
+	 */
+	public sealed class WebResponse : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The HTTP status code.
+		 */
+		public uint status {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The response body.
+		 */
+		public Bytes body {
+			get;
+			construct;
+		}
+
+		private Soup.MessageHeaders raw_headers = new Soup.MessageHeaders (RESPONSE);
+
+		/**
+		 * Creates a response.
+		 *
+		 * @param status the HTTP status code
+		 * @param body the response body
+		 */
+		public WebResponse (uint status, Bytes body) {
+			Object (status: status, body: body);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Adds a header to the response.
+		 *
+		 * @param name the header name
+		 * @param val the header value
+		 */
+		public void add_header (string name, string val) {
+			raw_headers.append (name, val);
+		}
+
+		internal void write_headers_to (Soup.MessageHeaders target) {
+			raw_headers.foreach ((name, val) => {
+				target.replace (name, val);
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
 	public async IOStream negotiate_connection (IOStream stream, WebServiceTransport transport, string host, string? origin,
 			Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 		var input = (DataInputStream) Object.new (typeof (DataInputStream),
@@ -468,14 +634,14 @@ namespace Frida {

 				server.add_websocket_handler ("/ws", endpoint_params.origin, null, on_websocket_opened);

-				if (endpoint_params.asset_root != null)
-					server.add_handler (null, on_asset_request);
+				if (endpoint_params.request_handler != null || endpoint_params.asset_root != null)
+					server.add_handler (null, on_http_request);
 			}

 			public void close () {
 				io_cancellable.cancel ();

-				if (endpoint_params.asset_root != null)
+				if (endpoint_params.request_handler != null || endpoint_params.asset_root != null)
 					server.remove_handler ("/");
 				server.remove_handler ("/ws");

@@ -575,20 +741,77 @@ namespace Frida {
 				connections.remove (connection);
 			}

-			private void on_asset_request (Soup.Server server, Soup.ServerMessage msg, string path,
+			private void on_http_request (Soup.Server server, Soup.ServerMessage msg, string path,
 					HashTable<string, string>? query) {
 				msg.get_response_headers ().replace ("Server", "Frida/" + _version_string ());

-				unowned string method = msg.get_method ();
-				if (method != "GET" && method != "HEAD") {
-					msg.set_status (Soup.Status.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, null);
+				msg.pause ();
+				handle_http_request.begin (msg, path);
+			}
+
+			private async void handle_http_request (Soup.ServerMessage msg, string path) {
+				WebRequestHandler? handler = endpoint_params.request_handler;
+				if (handler != null) {
+					if (yield try_request_handler (handler, msg, path, io_cancellable))
+						return;
+				}
+
+				File? asset_root = endpoint_params.asset_root;
+				if (asset_root != null) {
+					unowned string method = msg.get_method ();
+					if (method != "GET" && method != "HEAD") {
+						msg.set_status (Soup.Status.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, null);
+						msg.unpause ();
+						return;
+					}
+
+					File location = asset_root.resolve_relative_path (path.next_char ());
+					yield handle_asset_request (path, location, msg);
 					return;
 				}

-				File location = endpoint_params.asset_root.resolve_relative_path (path.next_char ());
+				msg.set_status (Soup.Status.NOT_FOUND, null);
+				msg.unpause ();
+			}

-				msg.pause ();
-				handle_asset_request.begin (path, location, msg);
+			private static async bool try_request_handler (WebRequestHandler handler, Soup.ServerMessage msg, string path,
+					Cancellable? cancellable) {
+				var body = msg.get_request_body ();
+				Bytes? request_body = (body.length != 0) ? body.flatten () : null;
+				unowned Uri? uri = msg.get_uri ();
+				string? query_string = (uri != null) ? uri.get_query () : null;
+				var request = new WebRequest (msg.get_method (), path, query_string, msg.get_request_headers (),
+					request_body);
+
+				WebResponse? response;
+				try {
+					response = yield handler.handle_request (request, cancellable);
+				} catch (Error e) {
+					msg.set_status (Soup.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, null);
+					msg.set_response ("text/plain; charset=utf-8", Soup.MemoryUse.COPY, e.message.data);
+					msg.unpause ();
+					return true;
+				} catch (IOError e) {
+					msg.unpause ();
+					return true;
+				}
+
+				if (response == null)
+					return false;
+
+				apply_response (msg, response);
+				msg.unpause ();
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			private static void apply_response (Soup.ServerMessage msg, WebResponse response) {
+				msg.set_status (response.status, null);
+
+				response.write_headers_to (msg.get_response_headers ());
+
+				Bytes body = response.body;
+				if (body.length > 0)
+					msg.get_response_body ().append_bytes (body);
 			}

 			private async void handle_asset_request (string path, File file, Soup.ServerMessage msg) {
@@ -940,8 +1163,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 					Memory.copy (buffer, recv_queue.data, n);
 					recv_queue.remove_range (0, (uint) n);

-					if (recv_queue.len == 0)
+					if (recv_queue.len == 0) {
+#if HAVE_SOUP_WEBSOCKET_BACKPRESSURE
 						websocket.resume_input ();
+#endif
+					}

 					update_pending_io ();
 				} else {
@@ -1009,7 +1235,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 		private void on_message (int type, Bytes message) {
 			with_state_lock (() => {
 				recv_queue.append (message.get_data ());
+#if HAVE_SOUP_WEBSOCKET_BACKPRESSURE
 				websocket.pause_input ();
+#endif
 				update_pending_io ();
 			});
 		}
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 		public JsonObjectReader (string json) throws Error {
 			try {
-				reader = new Json.Reader (Json.from_string (json));
+				reader = make_json_reader (json);
 			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
 				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("%s", e.message);
 			}
@@ -404,4 +404,29 @@ namespace Frida {
 			throw new Error.PROTOCOL ("%s", e.message);
 		}
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Constructs a Json.Reader for the given JSON string, working around the
+	 * json_node_copy() bug in unpatched json-glib (GNOME bugzilla #774684).
+	 *
+	 * Json.Reader's set_root() copies the supplied node via json_node_copy().
+	 * For object/array nodes that copy is a thin shell that shares the original
+	 * JsonObject/JsonArray via refcount, but the members inside the shared
+	 * container have their parent pointers set to the *original* root, not the
+	 * shell. If the original is then dropped, json_reader_end_member()'s walk
+	 * via json_node_get_parent() touches a freed node — which on builds with
+	 * glib checks enabled (e.g. Fedora) trips JSON_NODE_IS_VALID and aborts.
+	 *
+	 * We keep the original root alive by attaching it to the reader as object
+	 * data; the destroy notify drops our reference when the reader is finalized.
+	 */
+	public Json.Reader make_json_reader (string json) throws GLib.Error {
+		return make_json_reader_taking_node (Json.from_string (json));
+	}
+
+	public Json.Reader make_json_reader_taking_node (owned Json.Node root) {
+		var reader = new Json.Reader (root);
+		reader.set_data<Json.Node> ("frida-json-root", (owned) root);
+		return reader;
+	}
 }
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 		public string? name;
 	}

+	/**
+	 * The XNU Mach trap numbers, as used on Apple platforms.
+	 */
 	public enum XnuMachTrap {
 		MACH_VM_ALLOCATE = -10,
 		MACH_VM_PURGABLE_CONTROL = -11,
@@ -81,6 +84,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 		IOKIT_USER_CLIENT = -100,
 	}

+	/**
+	 * The XNU BSD syscall numbers, as used on Apple platforms.
+	 */
 	public enum XnuBsdSyscall {
 		EXIT = 1,
 		FORK = 2,
@@ -144,10 +144,8 @@ frida_gadget_environment_ensure_debugger_breakpoints_only (void)

    interceptor = gum_interceptor_obtain ();

-    gum_interceptor_attach (interceptor, exceptions_set, frida_dont_steal_my_breakpoints,
-        NULL, GUM_ATTACH_FLAGS_NONE);
-    gum_interceptor_attach (interceptor, exceptions_swap, frida_dont_steal_my_breakpoints,
-        NULL, GUM_ATTACH_FLAGS_NONE);
+    gum_interceptor_attach (interceptor, exceptions_set, frida_dont_steal_my_breakpoints, NULL);
+    gum_interceptor_attach (interceptor, exceptions_swap, frida_dont_steal_my_breakpoints, NULL);

    g_object_unref (interceptor);
  }
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 # include <signal.h>
 #endif
 #include <gumjs/gumscriptbackend.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
+#if defined (HAVE_GIOAPPLE)
+# include <gioapple.h>
+#elif defined (HAVE_GIOOPENSSL)
 # include <gioopenssl.h>
 #endif

@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ frida_gadget_environment_init (void)

  g_thread_set_garbage_handler (_frida_gadget_on_pending_thread_garbage, NULL);

-#ifdef HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
+#if defined (HAVE_GIOAPPLE)
+  g_io_module_apple_register ();
+#elif defined (HAVE_GIOOPENSSL)
  g_io_module_openssl_register ();
 #endif

@@ -1810,6 +1810,11 @@ namespace Frida.Gadget {
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Not possible when embedded");
 			}

+			public async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+					Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Not possible when embedded");
+			}
+
 			public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Not possible when embedded");
 			}
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ endif
 subdir('base')
 subdir('netif')
 subdir('pipe')
-subdir('payload')
+if have_in_tree_payloads
+  subdir('payload')
+endif
 if have_local_backend
  subdir('agent')
 endif
-if build_gadget
+if have_in_tree_payloads and build_gadget
  subdir('gadget')
 endif
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}

 		public async void close (Cancellable? cancellable) throws IOError {
+			GLib.info ("detach-trace: BaseAgentSession.close() id=%s close_request=%p", id.handle, close_request);
+
 			while (close_request != null) {
 				try {
 					yield close_request.future.wait_async (cancellable);
@@ -85,6 +87,8 @@ namespace Frida {

 			yield transmitter.close (cancellable);

+			GLib.info ("detach-trace: BaseAgentSession.close() done id=%s", id.handle);
+
 			close_request.resolve (true);
 		}

@@ -179,6 +183,18 @@ namespace Frida {
 			yield script_engine.load_script (script_id);
 		}

+		public async void interrupt_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			check_open ();
+
+			script_engine.interrupt_script (script_id);
+		}
+
+		public async void terminate_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			check_open ();
+
+			yield script_engine.terminate_script (script_id);
+		}
+
 		public async void eternalize_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			check_open ();

@@ -264,6 +280,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			transmitter.new_candidates.disconnect (on_transmitter_new_candidates);
 			transmitter.candidate_gathering_done.disconnect (on_transmitter_candidate_gathering_done);

+			GLib.info ("detach-trace: BaseAgentSession emitting closed id=%s", id.handle);
+
 			closed ();
 		}

@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 						if (runtime != null) {
 							var set_argv0 = (void *) runtime.find_export_by_name ("_Z27android_os_Process_setArgV0P7_JNIEnvP8_jobjectP8_jstring");
 							if (set_argv0 != null) {
-								interceptor.attach (set_argv0, listener, (void *) HookId.SET_ARGV0);
+								var set_argv0_options = Gum.AttachOptions ();
+								set_argv0_options.listener_function_data = (void *) HookId.SET_ARGV0;
+								interceptor.attach (set_argv0, listener, set_argv0_options);
 								child_recovery_behavior = DEFERRED_UNTIL_SET_ARGV0;
 							}
 						}
@@ -73,8 +75,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 						var selinux = Gum.Process.find_module_by_name ("libselinux.so");
 						if (selinux != null) {
 							var setcontext = (void *) selinux.find_export_by_name ("selinux_android_setcontext");
-							if (setcontext != null)
-								interceptor.attach (setcontext, listener, (void *) HookId.SET_CTX);
+							if (setcontext != null) {
+								var setcontext_options = Gum.AttachOptions ();
+								setcontext_options.listener_function_data = (void *) HookId.SET_CTX;
+								interceptor.attach (setcontext, listener, setcontext_options);
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				} catch (FileError e) {
@@ -82,7 +87,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 #endif

-			interceptor.attach (fork_impl, listener, (void *) HookId.FORK);
+			var fork_options = Gum.AttachOptions ();
+			fork_options.listener_function_data = (void *) HookId.FORK;
+			interceptor.attach (fork_impl, listener, fork_options);
 			interceptor.replace (vfork_impl, fork_impl);
 		}

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 # include <xlocale.h>
 #endif

+#undef __srget
 #undef feof
 #undef ferror
 #undef fgetwc
@@ -43,6 +44,9 @@
 #undef putc
 #undef putchar
 #undef putwc
+#undef setbuf
+#undef setbuffer
+#undef setlinebuf
 #undef snprintf
 #undef sprintf
 #undef stderr
@@ -161,11 +165,13 @@ struct _FridaFile
  int err;

  guint8 * rbuf;
+  gboolean owns_rbuf;
  size_t rcap;
  size_t rpos;
  size_t rlen;

  guint8 * wbuf;
+  gboolean owns_wbuf;
  size_t wcap;
  size_t wlen;

@@ -776,8 +782,17 @@ setvbuf (FILE * stream, char * buf, int mode, size_t size)

  if (mode == _IONBF)
  {
-    g_clear_pointer (&f->rbuf, g_free);
-    g_clear_pointer (&f->wbuf, g_free);
+    if (f->owns_rbuf)
+      g_clear_pointer (&f->rbuf, g_free);
+    else
+      f->rbuf = NULL;
+    f->owns_rbuf = FALSE;
+
+    if (f->owns_wbuf)
+      g_clear_pointer (&f->wbuf, g_free);
+    else
+      f->wbuf = NULL;
+    f->owns_wbuf = FALSE;

    f->rcap = 0;
    f->wcap = 0;
@@ -789,13 +804,40 @@ setvbuf (FILE * stream, char * buf, int mode, size_t size)
  }

  if (size == 0)
-    size = FRIDA_STDIO_BUFSIZE;
+    size = BUFSIZ;
+
+  if (!f->owns_rbuf)
+  {
+    f->rbuf = NULL;
+    f->rcap = 0;
+  }

  f->rbuf = g_realloc (f->rbuf, size);
-  f->wbuf = g_realloc (f->wbuf, size);
-
+  f->owns_rbuf = TRUE;
  f->rcap = size;
-  f->wcap = size;
+
+  if (buf != NULL)
+  {
+    if (f->owns_wbuf)
+      g_clear_pointer (&f->wbuf, g_free);
+
+    f->wbuf = (guint8 *) buf;
+    f->owns_wbuf = FALSE;
+    f->wcap = size;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (!f->owns_wbuf)
+    {
+      f->wbuf = NULL;
+      f->wcap = 0;
+    }
+
+    f->wbuf = g_realloc (f->wbuf, size);
+    f->owns_wbuf = TRUE;
+    f->wcap = size;
+  }
+
  f->rpos = 0;
  f->rlen = 0;
  f->wlen = 0;
@@ -803,6 +845,39 @@ setvbuf (FILE * stream, char * buf, int mode, size_t size)
  return 0;
 }

+G_GNUC_INTERNAL void
+setbuf (FILE * stream, char * buf)
+{
+  if (buf == NULL)
+    (void) setvbuf (stream, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+  else
+    (void) setvbuf (stream, buf, _IOFBF, BUFSIZ);
+}
+
+#if defined (HAVE_DARWIN) || defined (HAVE_ANDROID) || defined (HAVE_FREEBSD)
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL int
+setlinebuf (FILE * stream)
+{
+  return setvbuf (stream, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+}
+#else
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL void
+setlinebuf (FILE * stream)
+{
+  setvbuf (stream, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+G_GNUC_INTERNAL void
+#if defined (HAVE_DARWIN) || defined (HAVE_ANDROID) || defined (HAVE_FREEBSD)
+setbuffer (FILE * stream, char * buf, int size)
+#else
+setbuffer (FILE * stream, char * buf, size_t size)
+#endif
+{
+  (void) setvbuf (stream, buf, (buf != NULL) ? _IOFBF : _IONBF, size);
+}
+
 G_GNUC_INTERNAL int
 fflush (FILE * stream)
 {
@@ -905,6 +980,12 @@ getc (FILE * stream)
  return getc_unlocked (stream);
 }

+G_GNUC_INTERNAL int
+__srget (FILE * stream)
+{
+  return getc_unlocked (stream);
+}
+
 G_GNUC_INTERNAL wint_t
 getwc (FILE * stream)
 {
@@ -1972,10 +2053,12 @@ frida_file_new (int fd, gboolean close_fd, int buf_mode)
  if (buf_mode != _IONBF)
  {
    f->rcap = FRIDA_STDIO_BUFSIZE;
-    f->wcap = FRIDA_STDIO_BUFSIZE;
-
    f->rbuf = g_malloc (f->rcap);
+    f->owns_rbuf = TRUE;
+
+    f->wcap = FRIDA_STDIO_BUFSIZE;
    f->wbuf = g_malloc (f->wcap);
+    f->owns_wbuf = TRUE;
  }

  return f;
@@ -1987,8 +2070,15 @@ frida_file_free (FridaFile * f)
  if (f == NULL)
    return;

-  g_clear_pointer (&f->rbuf, g_free);
-  g_clear_pointer (&f->wbuf, g_free);
+  if (f->owns_rbuf)
+    g_clear_pointer (&f->rbuf, g_free);
+  else
+    f->rbuf = NULL;
+
+  if (f->owns_wbuf)
+    g_clear_pointer (&f->wbuf, g_free);
+  else
+    f->wbuf = NULL;

  g_free (f);
 }
@@ -166,6 +166,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 			yield get_instance (script_id).load ();
 		}

+		public void interrupt_script (AgentScriptId script_id) throws Error {
+			get_instance (script_id).interrupt ();
+		}
+
+		public async void terminate_script (AgentScriptId script_id) throws Error {
+			yield get_instance (script_id).terminate ();
+		}
+
 		public Gum.Script eternalize_script (AgentScriptId script_id) throws Error {
 			var instance = get_instance (script_id);

@@ -354,6 +362,16 @@ namespace Frida {
 				load_request.resolve (true);
 			}

+			public void interrupt () {
+				script.interrupt ();
+			}
+
+			public async void terminate () {
+				script.interrupt ();
+
+				yield close ();
+			}
+
 			private Promise<bool> unload () {
 				var request = new Promise<bool> ();

@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ namespace Frida {

 			interceptor.attach ((void *) posix_spawn, this);

-			interceptor.replace (execve, (void *) replacement_execve, this);
+			var replace_options = Gum.ReplaceOptions ();
+			replace_options.replacement_data = this;
+			interceptor.replace (execve, (void *) replacement_execve, null, replace_options);
 #else
 			Gum.Address execve = 0;
 #if ANDROID
@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 			thread_suspend = (ThreadSuspendFunc) kernel.find_export_by_name ("thread_suspend");
 			thread_resume = (ThreadResumeFunc) kernel.find_export_by_name ("thread_resume");

-			interceptor.replace ((void *) task_threads, (void *) replacement_task_threads, this);
-			interceptor.replace ((void *) thread_suspend, (void *) replacement_thread_suspend, this);
-			interceptor.replace ((void *) thread_resume, (void *) replacement_thread_resume, this);
+			var replace_options = Gum.ReplaceOptions ();
+			replace_options.replacement_data = this;
+			interceptor.replace ((void *) task_threads, (void *) replacement_task_threads, null, replace_options);
+			interceptor.replace ((void *) thread_suspend, (void *) replacement_thread_suspend, null, replace_options);
+			interceptor.replace ((void *) thread_resume, (void *) replacement_thread_resume, null, replace_options);
 		}

 		public override void dispose () {
@@ -2,29 +2,14 @@

 #ifdef HAVE_DARWIN

-#include <capstone.h>
 #include <gum/gumdarwin.h>
 #include <gum/gummemory.h>
-#include <ptrauth.h>

 #define FRIDA_MH_MAGIC_64 0xfeedfacf
-#define FRIDA_LIBUNWIND_PATH "/usr/lib/system/libunwind.dylib"
-#define FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_VTABLE_OFFSET_SET_INFO 0x68
-#define FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_VTABLE_OFFSET_GET_REG 0x18
-#define FRIDA_FP_TO_SP(fp) (fp + 0x10)
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-# define FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_unwindInfoMissing 0x268
-# define FRIDA_UNWAARCH64_X29 29
-# define FRIDA_STRIP_MASK 0x0000007fffffffffULL
-#else
-# define FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_unwindInfoMissing 0x100
-# define FRIDA_UNWX86_64_RBP 6
-#endif

 typedef struct _FridaFillInfoContext FridaFillInfoContext;
 typedef struct _FridaDyldUnwindSections FridaDyldUnwindSections;
 typedef struct _FridaCreateArgs FridaCreateArgs;
-typedef struct _FridaUnwindHookState FridaUnwindHookState;

 struct _FridaFillInfoContext
 {
@@ -47,37 +32,9 @@ struct _FridaCreateArgs
  GumAddress range_end;
 };

-struct _FridaUnwindHookState
-{
-  gpointer vtable;
-  gssize shift;
-  gpointer * set_info_slot;
-  gpointer set_info_original;
-  void (* set_info) (gpointer cursor, gint is_return_address);
-  gpointer (* get_reg) (gpointer cursor, gint reg);
-  GumInterceptor * interceptor;
-};
-
-#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
-# define FRIDA_RESIGN_PTR(x) GSIZE_TO_POINTER (gum_sign_code_address (gum_strip_code_address (GUM_ADDRESS (x))))
-#else
-# define FRIDA_RESIGN_PTR(x) (x)
-#endif
-
 static FridaDyldUnwindSections * frida_get_cached_sections (GumAddress range_start, GumAddress range_end);
 static FridaDyldUnwindSections * frida_create_cached_sections (FridaCreateArgs * args);
 static gboolean frida_fill_info (const GumDarwinSectionDetails * details, FridaFillInfoContext * ctx);
-static void frida_unwind_cursor_set_info_replacement (gpointer cursor, gint is_return_address);
-static gpointer frida_find_vtable (void);
-static gboolean frida_compute_vtable_shift (gpointer vtable, gssize * shift);
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-static gboolean frida_find_bss_range (const GumSectionDetails * details, GumMemoryRange * range);
-#else
-static gboolean frida_is_empty_function (GumAddress address);
-static gboolean frida_has_first_match (GumAddress address, gsize size, gboolean * matches);
-#endif
-
-static FridaUnwindHookState * state = NULL;

 void
 _frida_unwind_sitter_fill_unwind_sections (GumAddress invader_start, GumAddress invader_end, void * info)
@@ -92,63 +49,6 @@ _frida_unwind_sitter_fill_unwind_sections (GumAddress invader_start, GumAddress
  memcpy (unwind_sections, cached, sizeof (FridaDyldUnwindSections));
 }

-void
-_frida_unwind_sitter_hook_libunwind (void)
-{
-#if GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P == 8
-  gpointer * set_info_slot;
-  gpointer get_reg_impl;
-
-  if (state != NULL)
-    return;
-
-  state = g_slice_new0 (FridaUnwindHookState);
-  if (state == NULL)
-    return;
-
-  state->vtable = frida_find_vtable ();
-  if (state->vtable == NULL)
-    goto unsupported_version;
-
-  if (!frida_compute_vtable_shift (state->vtable, &state->shift))
-    goto unsupported_version;
-
-  set_info_slot = (gpointer *) (GUM_ADDRESS (state->vtable) + FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_VTABLE_OFFSET_SET_INFO + state->shift);
-  get_reg_impl = *(gpointer *) (GUM_ADDRESS (state->vtable) + FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_VTABLE_OFFSET_GET_REG + state->shift);
-
-  state->set_info_slot = set_info_slot;
-  state->set_info_original = *set_info_slot;
-  state->set_info = FRIDA_RESIGN_PTR (state->set_info_original);
-  state->get_reg = FRIDA_RESIGN_PTR (get_reg_impl);
-
-  state->interceptor = gum_interceptor_obtain ();
-
-  if (gum_interceptor_replace (state->interceptor, state->set_info_original, frida_unwind_cursor_set_info_replacement, NULL, NULL)
-      != GUM_REPLACE_OK)
-    goto unsupported_version;
-
-  return;
-
-unsupported_version:
-  g_slice_free (FridaUnwindHookState, state);
-  state = NULL;
-#endif
-}
-
-void
-_frida_unwind_sitter_unhook_libunwind (void)
-{
-  if (state == NULL)
-    return;
-
-  gum_interceptor_revert (state->interceptor, state->set_info_original);
-
-  g_object_unref (state->interceptor);
-
-  g_slice_free (FridaUnwindHookState, state);
-  state = NULL;
-}
-
 static FridaDyldUnwindSections *
 frida_get_cached_sections (GumAddress range_start, GumAddress range_end)
 {
@@ -187,7 +87,8 @@ frida_create_cached_sections (FridaCreateArgs * args)
  cached_sections = g_slice_new0 (FridaDyldUnwindSections);
  cached_sections->mh = header;

-  module = gum_darwin_module_new_from_memory ("Frida", mach_task_self (), GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (header), GUM_DARWIN_MODULE_FLAGS_NONE, NULL);
+  module = gum_darwin_module_new_from_memory ("Frida", mach_task_self (), GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (header),
+      GUM_DARWIN_MODULE_FLAGS_NONE, NULL);
  if (module == NULL)
    return cached_sections;

@@ -222,308 +123,4 @@ frida_fill_info (const GumDarwinSectionDetails * details, FridaFillInfoContext *
  return ctx->missing_info > 0;
 }

-static void
-frida_unwind_cursor_set_info_replacement (gpointer self, gint is_return_address)
-{
-  gboolean missing_info;
-  GumAddress fp, stored_pc;
-  gpointer * stored_pc_slot;
-#if defined (HAVE_ARM64) && !__has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
-  gboolean was_signed = FALSE;
-#endif
-
-  if (state == NULL)
-    return;
-
-  state->set_info (self, is_return_address);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-  fp = GUM_ADDRESS (state->get_reg (self, FRIDA_UNWAARCH64_X29));
-#else
-  fp = GUM_ADDRESS (state->get_reg (self, FRIDA_UNWX86_64_RBP));
-#endif
-  if (fp == 0 || fp == -1)
-    return;
-
-  missing_info = *((guint8 *) self + FRIDA_UNWIND_CURSOR_unwindInfoMissing);
-
-  stored_pc_slot = GSIZE_TO_POINTER (fp + GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P);
-  stored_pc = GUM_ADDRESS (*stored_pc_slot);
-#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
-  stored_pc = gum_strip_code_address (stored_pc);
-#elif defined (HAVE_ARM64)
-  was_signed = (stored_pc & ~FRIDA_STRIP_MASK) != 0ULL;
-  if (was_signed)
-    stored_pc &= FRIDA_STRIP_MASK;
-#endif
-
-  if (!missing_info)
-  {
-    GumAddress translated;
-
-    translated = GUM_ADDRESS (gum_invocation_stack_translate (gum_interceptor_get_current_stack (), GSIZE_TO_POINTER (stored_pc)));
-    if (translated != stored_pc)
-    {
-#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
-      *stored_pc_slot = ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated (
-          ptrauth_strip (GSIZE_TO_POINTER (translated), ptrauth_key_asia), ptrauth_key_asib, FRIDA_FP_TO_SP (fp));
-#elif defined (HAVE_ARM64)
-      if (was_signed)
-      {
-        GumAddress resigned;
-
-        asm volatile (
-            "mov x17, %1\n\t"
-            "mov x16, %2\n\t"
-            ".byte 0x5f, 0x21, 0x03, 0xd5\n\t" /* pacib1716 */
-            "mov %0, x17\n\t"
-            : "=r" (resigned)
-            : "r" (translated & FRIDA_STRIP_MASK),
-              "r" (FRIDA_FP_TO_SP (fp))
-            : "x16", "x17"
-        );
-
-        *stored_pc_slot = GSIZE_TO_POINTER (resigned);
-      }
-      else
-      {
-        *stored_pc_slot = GSIZE_TO_POINTER (translated);
-      }
-#else
-      *stored_pc_slot = GSIZE_TO_POINTER (translated);
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static gpointer
-frida_find_vtable (void)
-{
-  GumAddress result = 0;
-  GumModule * libunwind;
-  GumAddress export;
-  uint64_t address;
-  G_GNUC_UNUSED cs_err err;
-  csh capstone;
-  cs_insn * insn = NULL;
-  const uint8_t * code;
-  size_t size;
-  const size_t max_size = 2048;
-
-  libunwind = gum_process_find_module_by_name (FRIDA_LIBUNWIND_PATH);
-  if (libunwind == NULL)
-    goto beach;
-
-  export = gum_module_find_export_by_name (libunwind, "unw_init_local");
-  if (export == 0)
-    export = gum_module_find_export_by_name (libunwind, "_Unwind_RaiseException");
-  if (export == 0)
-    goto beach;
-  export = gum_strip_code_address (export);
-  address = export;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-  cs_arch_register_arm64 ();
-  err = cs_open (CS_ARCH_ARM64, CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, &capstone);
-#else
-  cs_arch_register_x86 ();
-  err = cs_open (CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64, &capstone);
-#endif
-  g_assert (err == CS_ERR_OK);
-
-  err = cs_option (capstone, CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON);
-  g_assert (err == CS_ERR_OK);
-
-  insn = cs_malloc (capstone);
-  code = GSIZE_TO_POINTER (export);
-  size = max_size;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-  {
-    GumAddress last_adrp;
-    guint last_adrp_reg;
-    GumMemoryRange bss_range;
-
-    bss_range.base_address = 0;
-    gum_module_enumerate_sections (libunwind, (GumFoundSectionFunc) frida_find_bss_range, &bss_range);
-
-    while (cs_disasm_iter (capstone, &code, &size, &address, insn))
-    {
-      if (insn->id == ARM64_INS_RET || insn->id == ARM64_INS_RETAA || insn->id == ARM64_INS_RETAB)
-        break;
-      if (insn->id == ARM64_INS_ADRP)
-      {
-        if (result != 0)
-          break;
-        last_adrp = (GumAddress) insn->detail->arm64.operands[1].imm;
-        last_adrp_reg = insn->detail->arm64.operands[0].reg;
-      }
-      else if (insn->id == ARM64_INS_ADD && insn->detail->arm64.operands[0].reg == last_adrp_reg)
-      {
-        GumAddress candidate;
-        gboolean is_bss;
-
-        candidate = last_adrp + (GumAddress) insn->detail->arm64.operands[2].imm;
-
-        is_bss = bss_range.base_address != 0 &&
-            bss_range.base_address <= candidate &&
-            candidate < bss_range.base_address + bss_range.size;
-        if (!is_bss)
-        {
-          if (result == 0)
-          {
-            result = candidate;
-            last_adrp = candidate;
-          }
-          else
-          {
-            result = candidate;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      else if (result != 0)
-      {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  while (cs_disasm_iter (capstone, &code, &size, &address, insn))
-  {
-    if (insn->id == X86_INS_RET)
-      break;
-    if (insn->id == X86_INS_LEA)
-    {
-      const cs_x86_op * op = &insn->detail->x86.operands[1];
-      if (op->type == X86_OP_MEM && op->mem.base == X86_REG_RIP)
-      {
-        result = address + op->mem.disp * op->mem.scale;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  if (insn != NULL)
-    cs_free (insn, 1);
-  cs_close (&capstone);
-
-beach:
-  g_clear_object (&libunwind);
-
-  return GSIZE_TO_POINTER (result);
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_ARM64
-
-static gboolean
-frida_find_bss_range (const GumSectionDetails * details, GumMemoryRange * range)
-{
-  if (strcmp (details->name, "__bss") == 0)
-  {
-    range->base_address = details->address;
-    range->size = details->size;
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-
-  return TRUE;
-}
-
-static gboolean
-frida_compute_vtable_shift (gpointer vtable, gssize * shift)
-{
-  gboolean result = FALSE;
-  G_GNUC_UNUSED cs_err err;
-  csh capstone;
-  cs_insn * insn = NULL;
-  const uint8_t * code;
-  uint64_t address;
-  size_t size = 4;
-
-  cs_arch_register_arm64 ();
-  err = cs_open (CS_ARCH_ARM64, CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, &capstone);
-  g_assert (err == CS_ERR_OK);
-
-  insn = cs_malloc (capstone);
-  code = gum_strip_code_pointer (*(gpointer *) vtable);
-  address = GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (code);
-
-  if (cs_disasm_iter (capstone, &code, &size, &address, insn))
-  {
-    if (insn->id == ARM64_INS_RET || insn->id == ARM64_INS_RETAA || insn->id == ARM64_INS_RETAB)
-      *shift = 0;
-    else
-      *shift = -2 * GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
-
-    result = TRUE;
-  }
-
-  if (insn != NULL)
-    cs_free (insn, 1);
-  cs_close (&capstone);
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-#else
-
-static gboolean
-frida_compute_vtable_shift (gpointer vtable, gssize * shift)
-{
-  GumAddress cursor = GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (vtable);
-  GumAddress error = cursor + 16 * GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
-
-  while (cursor < error && *(gpointer *) GSIZE_TO_POINTER (cursor) == NULL)
-    cursor += GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
-  if (cursor == error)
-    return FALSE;
-
-  if (frida_is_empty_function (GUM_ADDRESS (*(gpointer *) GSIZE_TO_POINTER (cursor))) &&
-      frida_is_empty_function (GUM_ADDRESS (*(gpointer *) GSIZE_TO_POINTER (cursor + GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P))))
-  {
-    *shift = cursor - GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (vtable);
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    *shift = cursor - GPOINTER_TO_SIZE (vtable) - 2 * GLIB_SIZEOF_VOID_P;
-  }
-
-  return TRUE;
-}
-
-static gboolean
-frida_is_empty_function (GumAddress address)
-{
-  gboolean matches = FALSE;
-  GumMemoryRange range;
-  GumMatchPattern * pattern;
-
-  range.base_address = address;
-  range.size = 6;
-
-  /*
-   * 55      push rbp
-   * 4889e5  mov rbp, rsp
-   * 5d      pop rbp
-   * c3      ret
-   */
-  pattern = gum_match_pattern_new_from_string ("55 48 89 e5 5d c3");
-
-  gum_memory_scan (&range, pattern, (GumMemoryScanMatchFunc) frida_has_first_match, &matches);
-
-  gum_match_pattern_unref (pattern);
-
-  return matches;
-}
-
-static gboolean
-frida_has_first_match (GumAddress address, gsize size, gboolean * matches)
-{
-  *matches = TRUE;
-  return FALSE;
-}
-
-#endif
-
 #endif
@@ -1,65 +1,41 @@
 namespace Frida {
 #if DARWIN
-	public sealed class UnwindSitter : Object {
+	public sealed class UnwindSitter : Object, Gum.UnwindSectionsProvider {
 		public weak ProcessInvader invader {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

-		private DyldFindUnwindSectionsFunc dyld_find_unwind_sections;
+		public unowned Gum.MemoryRange? range {
+			get { return _range; }
+		}

-		private const string LIBDYLD = "/usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib";
-
-		[CCode (has_target = false)]
-		private delegate int DyldFindUnwindSectionsFunc (void * addr, void * info);
+		private Gum.MemoryRange? _range;
+		private Gum.UnwindBroker broker;

 		public UnwindSitter (ProcessInvader invader) {
 			Object (invader: invader);
 		}

 		construct {
-			var interceptor = Gum.Interceptor.obtain ();
+			_range = invader.get_memory_range ();

-			dyld_find_unwind_sections = (DyldFindUnwindSectionsFunc)
-				Gum.Process.find_module_by_name (LIBDYLD).find_export_by_name ("_dyld_find_unwind_sections");
-
-			interceptor.replace ((void *) dyld_find_unwind_sections, (void *) replacement_dyld_find_unwind_sections, this);
-
-			_hook_libunwind ();
+			broker = Gum.UnwindBroker.obtain ();
+			broker.add_sections_provider (this);
 		}

 		public override void dispose () {
-			var interceptor = Gum.Interceptor.obtain ();
-
-			_unhook_libunwind ();
-			interceptor.revert ((void *) dyld_find_unwind_sections);
+			broker.remove_sections_provider (this);

 			base.dispose ();
 		}

-		private static int replacement_dyld_find_unwind_sections (void * addr, void * info) {
-			unowned Gum.InvocationContext context = Gum.Interceptor.get_current_invocation ();
-			unowned UnwindSitter sitter = (UnwindSitter) context.get_replacement_data ();
-
-			Gum.MemoryRange range = sitter.invader.get_memory_range ();
-			var range_end = range.base_address + range.size;
-
-			var address = Gum.Address.from_pointer (addr);
-#if ARM64
-			address &= 0x7ffffffffULL;
-#endif
-			var is_ours = address >= range.base_address && address < range_end;
-			if (!is_ours)
-				return sitter.dyld_find_unwind_sections (addr, info);
-
-			_fill_unwind_sections (range.base_address, range_end, info);
-
-			return 1;
+		public bool fill (Gum.Address address, void * info) {
+			_fill_unwind_sections (_range.base_address, _range.base_address + _range.size, info);
+			return true;
 		}

 		public extern static void _fill_unwind_sections (Gum.Address invader_start, Gum.Address invader_end, void * info);
-		public extern static void _hook_libunwind ();
-		public extern static void _unhook_libunwind ();
 	}
 #else
 	public sealed class UnwindSitter : Object {
@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@ if host_os_family == 'darwin'
  add_languages('objc', 'objcpp', native: false)
 endif

+if meson.is_cross_build()
+  add_languages('c', 'cpp', 'vala', native: true)
+endif
+
 python = import('python').find_installation()

 if cc.get_argument_syntax() == 'msvc'
@@ -224,15 +228,21 @@ helper_name = 'frida-helper' + exe_suffix
 agent_name = 'frida-agent' + shlib_suffix
 gadget_name = 'frida-gadget' + shlib_suffix

-root_asset_dir = get_option('libdir') / 'frida'
+frida_libdir_name = f'frida-@api_version@'
+root_asset_dir = get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name
 if host_os_family == 'darwin'
  asset_dir = root_asset_dir
-  default_asset_path_template = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / 'frida'
+  default_asset_path_template = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name
+elif host_os_family == 'windows'
+  asset_dir = root_asset_dir / host_abi
+  asset_dir_modern = root_asset_dir / 'x86_64'
+  asset_dir_legacy = root_asset_dir / 'x86'
+  default_asset_path_template = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name / '<arch>'
 else
  asset_dir = root_asset_dir / host_cpu_mode
  asset_dir_modern = root_asset_dir / '64'
  asset_dir_legacy = root_asset_dir / '32'
-  default_asset_path_template = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / 'frida' / '<arch>'
+  default_asset_path_template = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name / '<arch>'
 endif

 asset_path_template = get_option('asset_path_template')
@@ -240,11 +250,22 @@ if asset_path_template == ''
  asset_path_template = default_asset_path_template
 endif

-if get_option('assets') == 'embedded'
+is_shared = get_option('default_library') == 'shared'
+
+assets_mode = get_option('assets')
+if assets_mode == 'auto'
+  assets_mode = is_shared ? 'installed' : 'embedded'
+endif
+
+cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_LIBDIR', get_option('libdir'))
+cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_LIBDIR_NAME', frida_libdir_name)
+
+if assets_mode == 'embedded'
+  cdata.set('HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS', 1)
  vala_flags += '--define=HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS'
 else
-  cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_HELPER_PATH', asset_path_template / helper_name)
-  cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_AGENT_PATH', asset_path_template / agent_name)
+  cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_HELPER_NAME', helper_name)
+  cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_AGENT_NAME', agent_name)
 endif

 cdata.set('HAVE_' + host_os_family.to_upper(), 1)
@@ -312,15 +333,9 @@ if get_option('b_sanitize') == 'address'
  cdata.set('HAVE_ASAN', 1)
 endif

-gum_dep = dependency('frida-gum-1.0', default_options: [
-  f'frida_version=@frida_version@',
-  'gumjs=enabled',
-])
-gumjs_dep = dependency('frida-gumjs-1.0')
-gumjs_inspector_dep = dependency('frida-gumjs-inspector-1.0')
-
 glib_version_req = '>=2.74'
 glib_options = [
+  'default_library=static',
  'cocoa=disabled',
  'selinux=disabled',
  'xattr=false',
@@ -336,24 +351,58 @@ if optimize_for_prod
  ]
 endif

+glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', version: glib_version_req, default_options: glib_options)
+if glib_dep.type_name() == 'internal'
+  have_shared_glib = get_option('default_library') != 'static'
+else
+  glib_flavor_src = '''
+#include <glib.h>
+
+#ifdef GLIB_STATIC_COMPILATION
+# error GLib is static
+#endif
+'''
+  have_shared_glib = cc.compiles(glib_flavor_src, name: 'compiling with shared GLib', dependencies: [glib_dep])
+endif
+have_frida_glib = glib_dep.type_name() == 'internal' or cc.has_function('g_thread_set_callbacks', dependencies: [glib_dep])
+if have_frida_glib
+  cdata.set('HAVE_FRIDA_GLIB', 1)
+  vala_flags += '--define=HAVE_FRIDA_GLIB'
+endif
+
+have_in_tree_payloads = not have_shared_glib
+gum_dep = dependency('frida-gum-1.0', default_options: [
+  'default_library=static',
+  f'frida_version=@frida_version@',
+  'gumjs=' + (have_in_tree_payloads ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'),
+  'inspector=enabled',
+])
+if have_in_tree_payloads
+  gumjs_dep = dependency('frida-gumjs-1.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+endif
+gumjs_inspector_dep = dependency('frida-gumjs-inspector-1.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+
 gee_options = [
+  'default_library=static',
  'disable-introspection=true',
 ]
 if optimize_for_prod
  gee_options += 'disable-internal-asserts=true'
 endif

-glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', version: glib_version_req, default_options: glib_options)
 gobject_dep = dependency('gobject-2.0')
 gmodule_dep = dependency('gmodule-2.0')
 gio_dep = dependency('gio-2.0')
 gee_dep = dependency('gee-0.8', default_options: gee_options)
 json_glib_dep = dependency('json-glib-1.0', version: '>=1.8', default_options: [
+  'default_library=static',
  'introspection=disabled',
  'gtk_doc=disabled',
  'tests=false',
 ])
 libsoup_dep = dependency('libsoup-3.0', default_options: [
+  'default_library=static',
+  'sqlite:default_library=static',
  'gssapi=disabled',
  'ntlm=disabled',
  'brotli=disabled',
@@ -365,19 +414,48 @@ libsoup_dep = dependency('libsoup-3.0', default_options: [
  'tests=false',
  'sysprof=disabled',
 ])
-brotlidec_dep = dependency('libbrotlidec')
+if libsoup_dep.type_name() == 'internal' \
+    or cc.has_function('soup_websocket_connection_pause_input', dependencies: [libsoup_dep])
+  vala_flags += '--define=HAVE_SOUP_WEBSOCKET_BACKPRESSURE'
+endif
+brotlidec_dep = dependency('libbrotlidec', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+capstone_dep = dependency('capstone', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+if capstone_dep.type_name() != 'internal' \
+    and not cc.has_function('cs_arch_register_x86', dependencies: [capstone_dep])
+  add_project_arguments(
+    '-Dcs_arch_register_x86()=',
+    '-Dcs_arch_register_arm()=',
+    '-Dcs_arch_register_arm64()=',
+    '-Dcs_arch_register_mips()=',
+    language: ['c', 'objc'],
+  )
+endif
 quickjs_dep = dependency('quickjs', required: get_option('barebone_backend'), default_options: [
+  'default_library=static',
  'libc=false',
  'bignum=true',
  'atomics=disabled',
  'stack_check=disabled',
 ])
-lzfse_dep = dependency('lzfse', required: get_option('barebone_backend'))
+lzfse_dep = dependency('lzfse', required: false, default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+lzfse_from_system = false
+if not lzfse_dep.found() and not meson.is_cross_build()
+  if cc.has_header_symbol('lzfse.h', 'lzfse_decode_buffer')
+    lzfse_lib = cc.find_library('lzfse', required: false)
+    if lzfse_lib.found()
+      lzfse_dep = declare_dependency(dependencies: lzfse_lib)
+      lzfse_from_system = true
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+if not lzfse_dep.found()
+  lzfse_dep = dependency('lzfse', required: get_option('barebone_backend'), default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+endif

 native_glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', version: glib_version_req, native: true, default_options: glib_options)
 native_gio_dep = dependency('gio-2.0', native: true)
 native_gee_dep = dependency('gee-0.8', native: true, default_options: gee_options)
-native_brotlienc_dep = dependency('libbrotlienc', native: true)
+native_brotlienc_dep = dependency('libbrotlienc', native: true, default_options: ['default_library=static'])

 if host_os_family == 'windows'
  gio_windows_dep = dependency('gio-windows-2.0')
@@ -385,8 +463,10 @@ else
  gio_unix_dep = dependency('gio-unix-2.0')
 endif

-if host_os_family == 'linux'
-  libbpf_dep = dependency('libbpf')
+have_local_backend = get_option('local_backend').allowed()
+
+if host_os_family == 'linux' and have_local_backend
+  libbpf_dep = dependency('libbpf', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
 endif

 if host_os == 'android'
@@ -434,7 +514,6 @@ else
  codesign = ''
 endif

-have_local_backend = get_option('local_backend').allowed()
 have_simmy_backend = get_option('simmy_backend') \
    .disable_auto_if(host_os != 'macos') \
    .require(host_os == 'macos', error_message: 'Simmy backend is only available on macOS') \
@@ -453,6 +532,7 @@ have_barebone_backend = get_option('barebone_backend') \
 compiler_backend_opt = get_option('compiler_backend') \
    .disable_auto_if(host_os == 'watchos')
 have_compiler_backend = false
+compiler_backend_mode = ''
 if compiler_backend_opt.allowed()
  go = find_program('go', native: true, required: false)
  if go.found()
@@ -463,9 +543,13 @@ if compiler_backend_opt.allowed()
        files('tools' / 'cgo' / 'detect.py'),
        go,
        host_os,
+        host_os_family,
        host_abi,
+        libc,
+        exe_suffix,
        shlib_suffix,
        cc.get_id(),
+        assets_mode,
        '>>>', cc.cmd_array(), '<<<',
        '>>>', ar, '<<<',
        '>>>', nm, '<<<',
@@ -478,12 +562,29 @@ if compiler_backend_opt.allowed()
    status = lines[0]
    if status == 'ok'
      have_compiler_backend = true
-      tokens = lines[1].split(' ')
-      go_mode = tokens[0]
-      go_config = tokens[1]
-      compiler_backend_static_compilation = go_mode == 'c-archive'
-      if compiler_backend_static_compilation
-        vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_STATIC_COMPILATION'
+      cdata.set('HAVE_COMPILER_BACKEND', 1)
+      compiler_backend_mode = lines[1]
+      go_config = lines[2]
+
+      if compiler_backend_mode == 'c-archive'
+        vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_LINKED'
+        cdata.set('HAVE_COMPILER_BACKEND_LINKED', 1)
+      elif compiler_backend_mode == 'c-shared'
+        if assets_mode == 'installed'
+          vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_INSTALLED_LIBRARY'
+          cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_COMPILER_BACKEND_NAME', 'frida-compiler-backend' + shlib_suffix)
+        else
+          vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_EMBEDDED_LIBRARY'
+        endif
+      elif compiler_backend_mode == 'pie'
+        if assets_mode == 'installed'
+          vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_INSTALLED_EXECUTABLE'
+          cdata.set_quoted('FRIDA_COMPILER_BACKEND_NAME', 'frida-compiler-backend' + exe_suffix)
+        else
+          vala_flags += '--define=COMPILER_BACKEND_EMBEDDED_EXECUTABLE'
+        endif
+      else
+        error('Unsupported compiler backend mode: ' + compiler_backend_mode)
      endif
    else
      error_message = lines[1]
@@ -552,8 +653,10 @@ endif
 gi_dep = dependency('gobject-introspection-1.0', required: false)
 if gi_dep.found()
  girdir = gi_dep.get_variable('girdir')
+  typelibdir = gi_dep.get_variable('typelibdir')
 else
  girdir = get_option('prefix') / get_option('datadir') / 'gir-1.0'
+  typelibdir = get_option('prefix') / get_option('libdir') / 'girepository-1.0'
 endif

 vapidir = get_option('prefix') / get_option('datadir') / 'vala' / 'vapi'
@@ -562,12 +665,15 @@ gum_vala_args = [
  '--pkg=frida-gum-1.0',
  '--vapidir=' + gum_dep.get_variable('frida_vapidir'),
 ]
-gumjs_vala_args = ['--pkg=frida-gumjs-1.0', '--pkg=gio-2.0', gum_vala_args]
 gumjs_inspector_vala_args = ['--pkg=frida-gumjs-inspector-1.0', gum_vala_args]

-have_v8 = gumjs_dep.get_variable('gumjs_v8') == 'enabled'
-if have_v8
-  vala_flags += ['--define=HAVE_V8']
+if have_in_tree_payloads
+  gumjs_vala_args = ['--pkg=frida-gumjs-1.0', '--pkg=gio-2.0', gum_vala_args]
+
+  have_v8 = gumjs_dep.get_variable('gumjs_v8') == 'enabled'
+  if have_v8
+    vala_flags += ['--define=HAVE_V8']
+  endif
 endif

 backend_deps_private = []
@@ -575,6 +681,7 @@ backend_reqs_private = []
 backend_libs_private = []

 openssl_options = [
+  'default_library=static',
  'cli=disabled',
 ]
 if host_os_family == 'windows' and cc.get_argument_syntax() != 'msvc'
@@ -587,25 +694,48 @@ openssl_dep = dependency('openssl',
 )

 if have_fruity_backend
-  foreach dep : ['libnghttp2', 'libngtcp2', 'libngtcp2_crypto_quictls', 'libusb-1.0']
-    backend_deps_private += dependency(dep)
-    backend_reqs_private += dep
-  endforeach
+  backend_deps_private += dependency('libnghttp2', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+  backend_reqs_private += 'libnghttp2'

-  lwip_options = [
-    'ipv4=disabled',
-    'ipv6=enabled',
-    'dns=disabled',
-    'arp=disabled',
-    'ethernet=enabled',
-  ]
-  if optimize_for_prod
-    lwip_options += 'lwip_debug=disabled'
-  else
-    lwip_options += 'lwip_debug=enabled'
+  if host_os != 'macos'
+    backend_deps_private += dependency('libngtcp2', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+    backend_reqs_private += 'libngtcp2'
+
+    ngtcp2_crypto_quictls_dep = dependency('libngtcp2_crypto_quictls', required: false, default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+    if ngtcp2_crypto_quictls_dep.found()
+      backend_deps_private += ngtcp2_crypto_quictls_dep
+      backend_reqs_private += 'libngtcp2_crypto_quictls'
+    else
+      backend_deps_private += dependency('libngtcp2_crypto_ossl', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+      backend_reqs_private += 'libngtcp2_crypto_ossl'
+      vala_flags += '--define=HAVE_NGTCP2_CRYPTO_OSSL'
+    endif
+
+    if have_frida_glib
+      libusb_dep = dependency('libusb-1.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+    else
+      subproject('libusb', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+      libusb_dep = dependency('libusb-1.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+    endif
+    backend_deps_private += libusb_dep
+    backend_reqs_private += 'libusb-1.0'
+
+    lwip_options = [
+      'default_library=static',
+      'ipv4=disabled',
+      'ipv6=enabled',
+      'dns=disabled',
+      'arp=disabled',
+      'ethernet=enabled',
+    ]
+    if optimize_for_prod
+      lwip_options += 'lwip_debug=disabled'
+    else
+      lwip_options += 'lwip_debug=enabled'
+    endif
+    backend_deps_private += dependency('lwip', default_options: lwip_options)
+    backend_reqs_private += 'lwip'
  endif
-  backend_deps_private += dependency('lwip', default_options: lwip_options)
-  backend_reqs_private += 'lwip'
 endif

 if quickjs_dep.found()
@@ -615,10 +745,14 @@ endif

 if lzfse_dep.found()
  backend_deps_private += lzfse_dep
-  backend_reqs_private += 'lzfse'
+  if lzfse_from_system
+    backend_libs_private += '-llzfse'
+  else
+    backend_reqs_private += 'lzfse'
+  endif
 endif

-if host_os_family == 'linux'
+if host_os_family == 'linux' and have_local_backend
  backend_deps_private += libbpf_dep
  backend_reqs_private += 'libbpf'
 endif
@@ -629,43 +763,93 @@ endif

 if host_os == 'android'
  termux_elf_cleaner = find_program('termux-elf-cleaner', native: true)
-  libselinux_dep = dependency('libselinux', version: '>=3.0')
-  libsepol_dep = dependency('libsepol', version: '>=3.0')
+  libselinux_dep = dependency('libselinux', version: '>=3.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
+  libsepol_dep = dependency('libsepol', version: '>=3.0', default_options: ['default_library=static'])
  backend_deps_private += [libselinux_dep, libsepol_dep]
  backend_reqs_private += ['libselinux', 'libsepol']
 else
  termux_elf_cleaner = []
 endif

-tls_provider_dep = dependency('gioopenssl', required: get_option('connectivity'), default_options: [
-  'gnutls=disabled',
-  'openssl=enabled',
-  'libproxy=disabled',
-  'gnome_proxy=disabled',
-  'tests=false',
-])
 tls_provider_vala_args = []
-if tls_provider_dep.found()
-  tls_provider_vala_args += [
-    '--pkg=gioopenssl',
-    '--vapidir=' + tls_provider_dep.get_variable('vapidir'),
-  ]
-  cdata.set('HAVE_GIOOPENSSL', 1)
-  vala_flags += ['--define=HAVE_GIOOPENSSL']
-  backend_deps_private += tls_provider_dep
-  backend_reqs_private += 'gioopenssl'
+use_apple_tls = false
+if have_shared_glib
+  tls_provider_dep = gio_dep
+else
+  apple_tls_opt = get_option('apple_tls')
+  if host_os_family == 'darwin' and not apple_tls_opt.disabled()
+    apple_tls_deployment_check = '''
+#include <Availability.h>
+
+#if defined (__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 150000
+# error macOS deployment target below 15.0
+#endif
+#if defined (__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 180000
+# error iOS deployment target below 18.0
+#endif
+#if defined (__TV_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __TV_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 180000
+# error tvOS deployment target below 18.0
+#endif
+#if defined (__WATCH_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && __WATCH_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 110000
+# error watchOS deployment target below 11.0
+#endif
+'''
+    use_apple_tls = cc.compiles(apple_tls_deployment_check, name: 'Apple TLS backend deployment target')
+    if apple_tls_opt.enabled() and not use_apple_tls
+      error('apple_tls explicitly enabled but deployment target is too old')
+    endif
+  elif apple_tls_opt.enabled()
+    error('apple_tls is only supported on Darwin hosts')
+  endif
+  if use_apple_tls
+    tls_provider_name = 'gioapple'
+    tls_provider_define_name = 'HAVE_GIOAPPLE'
+    tls_provider_backend_options = [
+      'gnutls=disabled',
+      'openssl=disabled',
+      'apple=enabled',
+    ]
+  else
+    tls_provider_name = 'gioopenssl'
+    tls_provider_define_name = 'HAVE_GIOOPENSSL'
+    tls_provider_backend_options = [
+      'gnutls=disabled',
+      'openssl=enabled',
+      'apple=disabled',
+    ]
+  endif
+  tls_provider_dep = dependency(tls_provider_name,
+    required: get_option('connectivity'),
+    default_options: tls_provider_backend_options + [
+      'libproxy=disabled',
+      'gnome_proxy=disabled',
+      'tests=false',
+    ],
+  )
+  if tls_provider_dep.found()
+    tls_provider_vala_args += [
+      '--pkg=' + tls_provider_name,
+      '--vapidir=' + tls_provider_dep.get_variable('vapidir'),
+    ]
+    cdata.set(tls_provider_define_name, 1)
+    vala_flags += ['--define=' + tls_provider_define_name]
+    backend_deps_private += tls_provider_dep
+    backend_reqs_private += tls_provider_name
+  endif
 endif

 nice_dep = dependency('nice', required: get_option('connectivity'), default_options: [
+  'default_library=static',
  'gupnp=disabled',
  'gstreamer=disabled',
-  'crypto-library=openssl',
+  'crypto-library=auto',
  'examples=disabled',
  'tests=disabled',
  'introspection=disabled',
 ])
 if nice_dep.found()
  usrsctp_dep = dependency('usrsctp', default_options: [
+    'default_library=static',
    'sctp_inet=false',
    'sctp_inet6=false',
    'sctp_build_programs=false',
@@ -673,8 +857,12 @@ if nice_dep.found()

  cdata.set('HAVE_NICE', 1)
  vala_flags += ['--define=HAVE_NICE']
-  backend_deps_private += [nice_dep, openssl_dep, usrsctp_dep]
-  backend_reqs_private += ['nice', 'openssl', 'usrsctp']
+  backend_deps_private += [nice_dep, usrsctp_dep]
+  backend_reqs_private += ['nice', 'usrsctp']
+  if host_os != 'macos'
+    backend_deps_private += openssl_dep
+    backend_reqs_private += 'openssl'
+  endif

  if host_os_family in ['darwin', 'freebsd', 'qnx']
    cdata.set('HAVE_SCONN_LEN', 1)
@@ -684,10 +872,10 @@ else
 endif

 if host_os_family == 'windows'
-  backend_libs_private += ['-lsetupapi']
+  backend_libs_private += ['-lsetupapi', '-lshlwapi']
 endif
 if host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  backend_libs_private += ['-Wl,-framework,Foundation', '-lbsm']
+  backend_libs_private += ['-Wl,-framework,Foundation', '-Wl,-framework,CoreFoundation', '-lbsm']
 endif
 if host_os == 'macos'
  backend_libs_private += ['-Wl,-framework,AppKit']
@@ -757,6 +945,19 @@ post_process = [
  '@INPUT0@',
 ]

+executable_no_exports_link_args = []
+executable_no_exports_link_depends = []
+if host_os_family == 'darwin'
+  script = meson.project_source_root() / 'tools' / 'executable-no-exports.symbols'
+  executable_no_exports_link_args = ['-Wl,-exported_symbols_list,' + script]
+  executable_no_exports_link_depends = [script]
+elif host_os_family != 'windows'
+  script_name = (host_os == 'freebsd') ? 'executable-no-exports-freebsd.version' : 'executable-no-exports.version'
+  script = meson.project_source_root() / 'tools' / script_name
+  executable_no_exports_link_args = ['-Wl,--version-script,' + script]
+  executable_no_exports_link_depends = [script]
+endif
+
 compile_js_agent = files('tools' / 'compile-js-agent.py')

 mapper_opt = get_option('mapper')
@@ -787,11 +988,20 @@ if cc.get_id() == 'gcc' and cc.compiles('#if __GNUC__ >= 5\n#error NOTNEEDED\n#e
  add_project_arguments('-w', language: 'c')
 endif

-vapidir = meson.current_source_dir() / 'vapi'
+local_vapidir = meson.current_source_dir() / 'vapi'
 vala_flags += [
-  '--vapidir=' + vapidir,
+  '--vapidir=' + local_vapidir,
  '--pkg', 'config',
 ]
+if gee_dep.type_name() not in ['internal', 'cmake']
+  gee_prefix = gee_dep.get_variable('prefix', default_value: '')
+  if gee_prefix != ''
+    gee_vapidir = gee_prefix / 'share' / 'vala' / 'vapi'
+    if fs.is_dir(gee_vapidir)
+      vala_flags += '--vapidir=' + gee_vapidir
+    endif
+  endif
+endif

 vala_flags += '--define=' + host_os_family.to_upper()
 if host_os != host_os_family
@@ -803,13 +1013,22 @@ if host_abi != host_arch
 endif
 vala_flags += '--define=' + host_machine.endian().to_upper() + '_ENDIAN'
 add_project_arguments(vala_flags, language: 'vala')
-add_project_arguments('-I' + vapidir, language: 'c')
+add_project_arguments('-I' + local_vapidir, language: 'c')

 native_vala_flags = [
-  '--vapidir=' + meson.current_source_dir() / 'vapi',
+  '--vapidir=' + local_vapidir,
 ]
+if native_gee_dep.type_name() not in ['internal', 'cmake']
+  native_gee_prefix = native_gee_dep.get_variable('prefix', default_value: '')
+  if native_gee_prefix != ''
+    native_gee_vapidir = native_gee_prefix / 'share' / 'vala' / 'vapi'
+    if fs.is_dir(native_gee_vapidir)
+      native_vala_flags += '--vapidir=' + native_gee_vapidir
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
 add_project_arguments(native_vala_flags, language: 'vala', native: true)
-add_project_arguments('-I' + vapidir, language: 'c', native: true)
+add_project_arguments('-I' + local_vapidir, language: 'c', native: true)

 subdir('compat')
 subdir('tools')
@@ -844,7 +1063,7 @@ summary(
 summary(
  {
    'compat': compat_summary,
-    'assets': get_option('assets'),
+    'assets': assets_mode,
    'mapper': have_mapper,
    'connectivity': tls_provider_dep.found(),
    'gadget': build_gadget,
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ option('compiler_backend',

 option('assets',
  type: 'combo',
-  choices: ['embedded', 'installed'],
-  value: 'embedded',
+  choices: ['auto', 'embedded', 'installed'],
+  value: 'auto',
  description: 'Whether assets such as frida-agent should be embedded vs installed and loaded at runtime'
 )

@@ -143,6 +143,12 @@ option('connectivity',
  description: 'Internet connectivity features (TLS and ICE support)'
 )

+option('apple_tls',
+  type: 'feature',
+  value: 'auto',
+  description: 'Use the Apple TLS backend (requires recent deployment targets); auto-detected when on a Darwin host'
+)
+
 option('mapper',
  type: 'feature',
  value: 'auto',
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# No exported symbols.
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-  global:
-    # FreeBSD needs these two:
-    __progname;
-    environ;
-
-  local:
-    *;
-};
@@ -2,18 +2,6 @@ portal_sources = [
  'portal.vala',
 ]

-extra_link_args = []
-extra_link_depends = []
-if host_os_family == 'darwin'
-  symlist = 'frida-portal.symbols'
-  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,-exported_symbols_list,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symlist]
-  extra_link_depends += [symlist]
-elif host_os_family != 'windows'
-  symscript = 'frida-portal.version'
-  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,--version-script,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symscript]
-  extra_link_depends += [symscript]
-endif
-
 extra_deps = []
 if tls_provider_dep.found()
  extra_deps += tls_provider_dep
@@ -21,8 +9,8 @@ endif

 raw_portal = executable('frida-portal-raw', portal_sources,
  vala_args: [core_vala_args, tls_provider_vala_args, '--pkg=posix'],
-  link_args: extra_link_args,
-  link_depends: extra_link_depends,
+  link_args: executable_no_exports_link_args,
+  link_depends: executable_no_exports_link_depends,
  dependencies: [core_dep] + extra_deps,
 )

@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ namespace Frida.Portal {
 	};

 	private static int main (string[] args) {
-#if HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
+#if HAVE_GIOAPPLE
+		GIOApple.register ();
+#elif HAVE_GIOOPENSSL
 		GIOOpenSSL.register ();
 #endif

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  global:
+    # FreeBSD needs these two:
+    __progname;
+    environ;
+    # Allow users to load the server as a shared library with dlopen() and call main() directly
+    main;
+
+  local:
+    *;
+};
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-# No exported symbols.
+# Allow users to load the server as a shared library with dlopen() and call main() directly
+_main
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 {
  global:
-    # FreeBSD needs these two:
-    __progname;
-    environ;
    # Allow users to load the server as a shared library with dlopen() and call main() directly
    main;

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if host_os_family == 'darwin'
  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,-exported_symbols_list,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symlist]
  extra_link_depends += [symlist]
 elif host_os_family != 'windows'
-  symscript = 'frida-server.version'
+  symscript = (host_os == 'freebsd') ? 'frida-server-freebsd.version' : 'frida-server.version'
  extra_link_args += ['-Wl,--version-script,' + meson.current_source_dir() / symscript]
  extra_link_depends += [symscript]
 endif
@@ -29,15 +29,20 @@ if host_os == 'macos'
  extra_link_depends += [server_plist]
 endif

+server_deps = [core_dep]
+if host_os_family == 'darwin'
+  server_deps += dependency('appleframeworks', modules: ['CoreFoundation'])
+endif
+
 raw_server = executable('frida-server-raw', server_sources,
  vala_args: [core_vala_args, '--pkg=posix'],
  link_args: extra_link_args,
  link_depends: extra_link_depends,
-  dependencies: [core_dep],
+  dependencies: server_deps,
 )

 server_name = 'frida-server' + exe_suffix
-need_universal_server = get_option('assets') == 'installed' and server_compat != ''
+need_universal_server = assets_mode == 'installed' and server_compat != ''

 server = custom_target('frida-server',
  input: [raw_server, 'frida-server.xcent'],
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 	private static string? directory = null;
 #if !WINDOWS && !TVOS
 	private static bool daemonize = false;
+	private static string? output_path = null;
 #endif
 	private static string? softener_flavor_str = null;
 	private static bool enable_preload = true;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 		{ "directory", 'd', 0, OptionArg.STRING, ref directory, "Store binaries in DIRECTORY", "DIRECTORY" },
 #if !WINDOWS && !TVOS
 		{ "daemonize", 'D', 0, OptionArg.NONE, ref daemonize, "Detach and become a daemon", null },
+		{ "output", 'o', 0, OptionArg.FILENAME, ref output_path, "Redirect output to FILE", "FILE" },
 #endif
 		{ "policy-softener", 0, 0, OptionArg.STRING, ref softener_flavor_str, "Select policy softener", "system|internal" },
 		{ "disable-preload", 'P', OptionFlags.REVERSE, OptionArg.NONE, ref enable_preload, "Disable preload optimization", null },
@@ -78,6 +80,13 @@ namespace Frida.Server {

 		Environment.set_verbose_logging_enabled (verbose);

+#if !WINDOWS && !TVOS
+		if (output_path != null && !daemonize) {
+			if (!redirect_output_to (output_path))
+				return 6;
+		}
+#endif
+
 		EndpointParameters endpoint_params;
 		try {
 			endpoint_params = new EndpointParameters (listen_address, 0, parse_certificate (certpath), origin,
@@ -104,9 +113,8 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 			return true;
 		});
 		int prefix_pos = program_path.last_index_of (Config.FRIDA_PREFIX + "/");
-		if (prefix_pos != -1 && prefix_pos != 0) {
-			options.sysroot = program_path[:prefix_pos];
-		}
+		if (prefix_pos != -1 && prefix_pos != 0)
+			TemporaryDirectory.use_sysroot (program_path[:prefix_pos]);
 #endif

 		PolicySoftenerFlavor softener_flavor = SYSTEM;
@@ -157,12 +165,15 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 					Posix.setsid ();

 					var null_in = Posix.open ("/dev/null", Posix.O_RDONLY);
-					var null_out = Posix.open ("/dev/null", Posix.O_WRONLY);
 					Posix.dup2 (null_in, Posix.STDIN_FILENO);
-					Posix.dup2 (null_out, Posix.STDOUT_FILENO);
-					Posix.dup2 (null_out, Posix.STDERR_FILENO);
 					Posix.close (null_in);
-					Posix.close (null_out);
+
+					if (output_path == null || !redirect_output_to (output_path)) {
+						var null_out = Posix.open ("/dev/null", Posix.O_WRONLY);
+						Posix.dup2 (null_out, Posix.STDOUT_FILENO);
+						Posix.dup2 (null_out, Posix.STDERR_FILENO);
+						Posix.close (null_out);
+					}
 				}

 				var status = new uint8[1];
@@ -199,7 +210,6 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 	private static int run_application (string? device_id, EndpointParameters endpoint_params, ControlServiceOptions options,
 			ReadyHandler on_ready) {
 		TemporaryDirectory.always_use ((directory != null) ? directory : DEFAULT_DIRECTORY);
-		TemporaryDirectory.use_sysroot (options.sysroot);

 		application = new Application (device_id, endpoint_params, options);

@@ -220,6 +230,22 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 		return application.run ();
 	}

+#if !WINDOWS && !TVOS
+	private static bool redirect_output_to (string path) {
+		int fd = Posix.open (path, Posix.O_WRONLY | Posix.O_CREAT | Posix.O_APPEND, 0644);
+		if (fd == -1) {
+			printerr ("Unable to open “%s”: %s\n", path, Posix.strerror (Posix.errno));
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		Posix.dup2 (fd, Posix.STDOUT_FILENO);
+		Posix.dup2 (fd, Posix.STDERR_FILENO);
+		Posix.close (fd);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	namespace Environment {
 		public extern void init ();
 		public extern void set_verbose_logging_enabled (bool enabled);
@@ -276,6 +302,15 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 				return false;
 			});

+#if !WINDOWS && !TVOS
+			if (!daemonize)
+				process_commands.begin ();
+#elif !WINDOWS
+			process_commands.begin ();
+#endif
+
+			start_alive_task_dumper ();
+
 			exit_code = 0;

 			loop.run ();
@@ -283,6 +318,45 @@ namespace Frida.Server {
 			return exit_code;
 		}

+#if !WINDOWS
+		// TEMPORARY DEBUG HACK: type “t” + Enter to dump alive GTasks.
+		private async void process_commands () {
+			var input = new DataInputStream (new UnixInputStream (Posix.STDIN_FILENO, false));
+
+			while (true) {
+				string? line;
+				try {
+					line = yield input.read_line_async (Priority.DEFAULT, io_cancellable);
+				} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+					return;
+				}
+				if (line == null)
+					return;
+
+				switch (line.strip ()) {
+					case "t":
+						g_task_print_alive_tasks ();
+						break;
+					case "":
+						break;
+					default:
+						printerr ("Unknown command; try “t”\n");
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+
+		// TEMPORARY DEBUG HACK: dump alive GTasks every 30 seconds.
+		private void start_alive_task_dumper () {
+			var source = new TimeoutSource.seconds (30);
+			source.set_callback (() => {
+				GLib.info ("%s", g_task_describe_alive_tasks ());
+				return Source.CONTINUE;
+			});
+			source.attach (MainContext.default ());
+		}
+
 		private async void start () {
 			try {
 				if (device_id != null && device_id != "local") {
@@ -357,4 +431,11 @@ namespace Frida.Server {

 		return new TlsCertificate.from_file (path);
 	}
+
+	// TEMPORARY DEBUG HACK: only present when GLib is built with G_ENABLE_DEBUG.
+	[CCode (cname = "g_task_print_alive_tasks")]
+	private extern void g_task_print_alive_tasks ();
+
+	[CCode (cname = "g_task_describe_alive_tasks")]
+	private extern string g_task_describe_alive_tasks ();
 }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 			if (response.is_null ())
 				return HostApplicationInfo.empty ();

-			Json.Reader reader = new Json.Reader (response);
+			Json.Reader reader = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);

 			string? identifier = null;
 			string? name = null;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			Json.Reader reader = new Json.Reader (response);
+			Json.Reader reader = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);

 			int num_apps = reader.count_elements ();
 			if (num_apps == -1)
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			Json.Reader reader = new Json.Reader (response);
+			Json.Reader reader = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);

 			int num_processes = reader.count_elements ();
 			if (num_processes == -1)
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			var r = new Json.Reader (response);
+			var r = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);
 			parse_envelope_or_throw (r);

 			r.read_element (1);
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			var r = new Json.Reader (response);
+			var r = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);
 			parse_envelope_or_throw (r);
 		}

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			var r = new Json.Reader (response);
+			var r = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);
 			parse_envelope_or_throw (r);

 			r.read_element (1);
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 		private async void request_ok (Json.Builder stanza, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			Json.Node response = yield transport.request (stanza.get_root (), cancellable);

-			var r = new Json.Reader (response);
+			var r = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) response);
 			parse_envelope_or_throw (r);
 		}

@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ public class HelperBackend {
 	public HelperBackend() {
 		Looper.prepareMainLooper();

+		preInitVendorExtensions();
+
 		Context context;
 		try {
 			Class<?> ActivityThread = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
@@ -193,6 +195,23 @@ public class HelperBackend {
 		}
 	}

+	private static void preInitVendorExtensions() {
+		// Nothing OS: AppOpsManager.<clinit> chains into NtAppOpsManager.<clinit>, which
+		// calls NtExtFactory.getOrCreate(...). The factory dispatches through a static
+		// INtExtFactory singleton populated by NtExtFactory.init() — normally invoked
+		// from RuntimeInit.commonInit() during process bring-up, which our helper
+		// bypasses. Invoke it ourselves so the static initializer chain doesn't NPE.
+		invokeStaticVoidIfPresent("com.nothing.NtExtFactory", "init");
+	}
+
+	private static void invokeStaticVoidIfPresent(String className, String methodName) {
+		try {
+			Class.forName(className).getMethod(methodName).invoke(null);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+		} catch (Throwable ignored) {
+		}
+	}
+
 	private boolean tryInitActivityStartApi() {
 		try {
 			Class<?> ActivityTaskManager = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityTaskManager");
@@ -23,57 +23,49 @@ CORE_TAG_METHOD = f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}method"

 OBJECT_TYPE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"\bpublic\s+(sealed )?(class|interface)\s+(\w+)\b")

+TOPLEVEL_NAMES = [
+    "frida.vala",
+    "package-manager.vala",
+    "control-service.vala",
+    "portal-service.vala",
+    "file-monitor.vala",
+    Path("compiler") / "compiler.vala",
+]
+
 def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Generate refined Frida API definitions")
-    parser.add_argument('--output', dest='output_type', choices=['bundle', 'header', 'gir', 'vapi', 'vapi-stamp'], default='bundle')
-    parser.add_argument('frida_version', metavar='frida-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('frida_major_version', metavar='frida-major-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('frida_minor_version', metavar='frida-minor-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('frida_micro_version', metavar='frida-micro-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('frida_nano_version', metavar='frida-nano-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('api_version', metavar='api-version', type=str)
-    parser.add_argument('core_header', metavar='/path/to/frida-core.h', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
-    parser.add_argument('core_gir', metavar='/path/to/Frida-x.y.gir', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
-    parser.add_argument('core_vapi', metavar='/path/to/frida-core.vapi', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
-    parser.add_argument('base_header', metavar='/path/to/frida-base.h', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
-    parser.add_argument('base_gir', metavar='/path/to/FridaBase-x.y.gir', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
-    parser.add_argument('base_vapi', metavar='/path/to/frida-base.vapi', type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='utf-8'))
+    parser.add_argument('--output', dest='output_type', choices=['bundle', 'header', 'gir', 'vapi', 'vapi-stamp', 'symbol-maps'], default='bundle')
    parser.add_argument('output_dir', metavar='/output/dir')
+    parser.add_argument('extra_args', nargs='*')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    output_type = args.output_type
-    frida_version = args.frida_version
-    frida_version_components = (
-        args.frida_major_version,
-        args.frida_minor_version,
-        args.frida_micro_version,
-        args.frida_nano_version,
-    )
-    api_version = args.api_version
-    core_header = args.core_header.read()
-    core_gir = args.core_gir.read()
-    core_vapi = args.core_vapi.read()
-    base_header = args.base_header.read()
-    base_gir = args.base_gir.read()
-    base_vapi = args.base_vapi.read()
    output_dir = Path(args.output_dir)

+    if output_type == 'symbol-maps':
+        emit_symbol_maps_from_source(output_dir)
+        return
+
+    extra = args.extra_args
+    frida_version = extra[0]
+    frida_version_components = tuple(extra[1:5])
+    api_version = extra[5]
+
    if output_type == 'vapi-stamp':
        (output_dir / f"frida-core-{api_version}.vapi.stamp").write_bytes(b"")
        return

-    toplevel_names = [
-        "frida.vala",
-        "package-manager.vala",
-        "control-service.vala",
-        "portal-service.vala",
-        "file-monitor.vala",
-        Path("compiler") / "compiler.vala",
-    ]
+    core_header = Path(extra[6]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    core_gir = Path(extra[7]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    core_vapi = Path(extra[8]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    base_header = Path(extra[9]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    base_gir = Path(extra[10]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    base_vapi = Path(extra[11]).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
    toplevel_sources = []
    src_dir = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
-    for name in toplevel_names:
+    for name in TOPLEVEL_NAMES:
        toplevel_sources.append((src_dir / name).read_text(encoding='utf-8'))
    toplevel_code = "\n".join(toplevel_sources)

@@ -97,7 +89,7 @@ def main():
        emit_header(api, output_dir)

    if enable_gir:
-        emit_gir(api, core_gir, base_gir, output_dir)
+        emit_gir(api, core_gir, base_gir, output_dir, build_doc_index(src_dir))

    if enable_vapi:
        emit_vapi(api, output_dir)
@@ -203,7 +195,7 @@ def emit_header(api, output_dir):

        output_header_file.write("\n\n#endif\n")

-def emit_gir(api: ApiSpec, core_gir: str, base_gir: str, output_dir: Path) -> str:
+def emit_gir(api: ApiSpec, core_gir: str, base_gir: str, output_dir: Path, docs: DocIndex) -> str:
    ET.register_namespace("", CORE_NAMESPACE)
    ET.register_namespace("c", C_NAMESPACE)
    ET.register_namespace("glib", GLIB_NAMESPACE)
@@ -249,6 +241,31 @@ def emit_gir(api: ApiSpec, core_gir: str, base_gir: str, output_dir: Path) -> st
    merge_and_transform_elements("interface", object_type_names)
    merge_and_transform_elements("enumeration", enum_type_names | error_type_names)

+    for source_root in [core_root, base_root]:
+        for record in source_root.findall(".//record", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+            owner = record.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}is-gtype-struct-for")
+            if owner is not None and owner in object_type_names:
+                merged_namespace.append(record)
+
+    known_names = object_type_names | enum_type_names | error_type_names
+    referenced_names = set()
+    for elem in merged_namespace.iter():
+        type_name = elem.get("name")
+        if type_name is None:
+            continue
+        for prefix in ("Frida.", "FridaBase."):
+            if type_name.startswith(prefix):
+                referenced_names.add(type_name[len(prefix):])
+                break
+    needed_names = referenced_names - known_names
+    for source_root in [core_root, base_root]:
+        source_namespace = source_root.find("namespace", GIR_NAMESPACES)
+        for callback in source_namespace.findall("callback", GIR_NAMESPACES):
+            if callback.get("name") in needed_names:
+                merged_namespace.append(callback)
+
+    inject_documentation(merged_namespace, docs)
+
    ET.indent(merged_root, space="  ")
    result = ET.tostring(merged_root,
                         encoding="unicode",
@@ -260,6 +277,328 @@ def emit_gir(api: ApiSpec, core_gir: str, base_gir: str, output_dir: Path) -> st
 def filter_elements(elements: List[ET.Element], spec_set: Set[str]):
    return [elem for elem in elements if elem.get("name") in spec_set]

+@dataclass
+class DocComment:
+    body: str
+    params: dict
+    returns: str
+    filename: str = "<generated>"
+    line: int = 0
+
+@dataclass
+class DocIndex:
+    types: dict          # type_name -> DocComment
+    members: dict        # (type_name, member_name) -> DocComment
+    enum_members: dict   # (enum_name, member_name) -> DocComment
+
+DOC_TYPE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"public\s+(?:sealed\s+|abstract\s+)?(class|interface|enum|errordomain)\s+(\w+)")
+DOC_SIGNAL_PATTERN = re.compile(r"public\s+signal\s+\S.*?\b(\w+)\s*\(")
+DOC_PROPERTY_PATTERN = re.compile(r"public\s+(?:unowned\s+)?\S.*?\b(\w+)\s*\{")
+DOC_METHOD_PATTERN = re.compile(r"public\s+\S.*?\b(\w+)\s*\(")
+DOC_ENUM_MEMBER_PATTERN = re.compile(r"([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*)\b")
+
+def build_doc_index(src_dir: Path) -> DocIndex:
+    repo_root = src_dir.parent
+    sources = []
+    for name in TOPLEVEL_NAMES:
+        path = src_dir / name
+        if path.exists():
+            sources.append(path)
+    base_dir = src_dir.parent / "lib" / "base"
+    if base_dir.is_dir():
+        sources.extend(sorted(base_dir.rglob("*.vala")))
+
+    index = DocIndex(types={}, members={}, enum_members={})
+    for path in sources:
+        try:
+            filename = path.relative_to(repo_root).as_posix()
+        except ValueError:
+            filename = path.name
+        _collect_docs_from_source(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), index, filename)
+    return index
+
+def _collect_docs_from_source(source: str, index: DocIndex, filename: str):
+    lines = source.split("\n")
+    pending = None
+    current_type = None
+    current_is_enum = False
+    i = 0
+    n = len(lines)
+    while i < n:
+        line = lines[i]
+        stripped = line.strip()
+
+        if stripped.startswith("/**"):
+            start_line = i + 1
+            block = [line]
+            while "*/" not in lines[i]:
+                i += 1
+                block.append(lines[i])
+            pending = _parse_doc_block(block)
+            pending.filename = filename
+            pending.line = start_line
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        if stripped == "" or stripped.startswith("//") or stripped.startswith("["):
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        indent = len(line) - len(line.lstrip("\t"))
+
+        type_match = DOC_TYPE_PATTERN.match(stripped)
+        if indent == 1 and type_match is not None:
+            current_type = type_match.group(2)
+            current_is_enum = type_match.group(1) in ("enum", "errordomain")
+            if pending is not None:
+                index.types[current_type] = pending
+            pending = None
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        if pending is not None and current_type is not None and indent >= 2:
+            if current_is_enum:
+                member_match = DOC_ENUM_MEMBER_PATTERN.match(stripped)
+                if member_match is not None:
+                    index.enum_members[(current_type, member_match.group(1))] = pending
+            else:
+                name = _parse_member_name(stripped, current_type)
+                if name is not None:
+                    index.members[(current_type, name)] = pending
+            pending = None
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        pending = None
+        i += 1
+
+def _parse_member_name(stripped: str, type_name: str):
+    if not stripped.startswith("public"):
+        return None
+    signal_match = DOC_SIGNAL_PATTERN.match(stripped)
+    if signal_match is not None:
+        return signal_match.group(1)
+    brace = stripped.find("{")
+    if brace != -1 and "(" not in stripped[:brace]:
+        property_match = DOC_PROPERTY_PATTERN.match(stripped)
+        if property_match is not None:
+            return property_match.group(1)
+    ctor_match = re.match(r"public\s+" + re.escape(type_name) + r"(?:\.(\w+))?\s*\(", stripped)
+    if ctor_match is not None:
+        return "new" if ctor_match.group(1) is None else ctor_match.group(1)
+    method_match = DOC_METHOD_PATTERN.match(stripped)
+    if method_match is not None:
+        return method_match.group(1)
+    return None
+
+def _parse_doc_block(block: List[str]) -> DocComment:
+    text_lines = []
+    for raw in block:
+        s = raw.strip()
+        if s.startswith("/**"):
+            s = s[3:]
+        if s.endswith("*/"):
+            s = s[:-2]
+        s = s.strip()
+        if s.startswith("*"):
+            s = s[1:]
+            if s.startswith(" "):
+                s = s[1:]
+        text_lines.append(s.rstrip())
+
+    # Valadoc block tags: "@param <name> <description>" and "@return <description>".
+    body_lines = []
+    params = {}
+    returns_lines = []
+    target = body_lines
+    for line in text_lines:
+        param_match = re.match(r"@param\s+(\w+)\s*(.*)", line)
+        return_match = re.match(r"@returns?\s*(.*)", line)
+        if param_match is not None:
+            params[param_match.group(1)] = [param_match.group(2)]
+            target = params[param_match.group(1)]
+            continue
+        if return_match is not None:
+            returns_lines = [return_match.group(1)]
+            target = returns_lines
+            continue
+        target.append(line)
+
+    def finish(lines):
+        return _valadoc_to_markdown("\n".join(lines).strip())
+
+    return DocComment(
+        body=finish(body_lines),
+        params={k: finish(v) for k, v in params.items()},
+        returns=finish(returns_lines),
+    )
+
+def _valadoc_to_markdown(text: str) -> str:
+    if not text:
+        return text
+    # Code blocks: {{{ ... }}} -> fenced ``` blocks.
+    def code_block(match):
+        code = match.group(1).strip("\n")
+        return "\n```\n" + code + "\n```\n"
+    text = re.sub(r"\{\{\{(.*?)\}\}\}", code_block, text, flags=re.DOTALL)
+    # Note: {@link ...} cross-references are resolved later, at injection time,
+    # where the full symbol table is available (see inject_documentation).
+    # Inline monospace: ``x`` -> `x` (valadoc) is already markdown-compatible.
+    # Bold: ''x'' -> **x**.
+    text = re.sub(r"''(.+?)''", r"**\1**", text)
+    # Italic: //x// -> *x*, but leave protocol-relative URLs (://) alone.
+    text = re.sub(r"(?<![:/])//(?!/)(.+?)//", r"*\1*", text)
+    return text
+
+def inject_documentation(merged_namespace: ET.Element, docs: DocIndex):
+    glib_signal_tag = f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}signal"
+    callable_tags = {
+        f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}method",
+        f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}constructor",
+        f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}function",
+        f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}virtual-method",
+        glib_signal_tag,
+    }
+    property_tag = f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}property"
+    member_tag = f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}member"
+    doc_tag = f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}doc"
+
+    # Build a symbol table so {@link ...} can be turned into real gi-docgen
+    # cross-references. Keys use Vala-style names (underscores); values carry the
+    # gi-docgen link kind and the GIR name (dashes for properties/signals).
+    type_kinds = {}      # type_name -> gi-docgen kind ("class"/"iface"/"enum"/"error")
+    member_kinds = {}    # (type_name, vala_member) -> (kind, gir_name)
+    for type_elem in list(merged_namespace):
+        type_name = type_elem.get("name")
+        if type_name is None:
+            continue
+        tag = type_elem.tag.split("}")[-1]
+        if tag == "class":
+            type_kinds[type_name] = "class"
+        elif tag == "interface":
+            type_kinds[type_name] = "iface"
+        elif tag == "enumeration":
+            type_kinds[type_name] = "error" \
+                if type_elem.get(f"{{{GLIB_NAMESPACE}}}error-domain") is not None \
+                else "enum"
+        for child in list(type_elem):
+            cname = child.get("name")
+            if cname is None:
+                continue
+            if child.tag == f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}method":
+                member_kinds[(type_name, cname)] = ("method", cname)
+            elif child.tag == f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}constructor":
+                member_kinds[(type_name, cname)] = ("ctor", cname)
+            elif child.tag == property_tag:
+                member_kinds[(type_name, cname.replace("-", "_"))] = ("property", cname)
+            elif child.tag == glib_signal_tag:
+                member_kinds[(type_name, cname.replace("-", "_"))] = ("signal", cname)
+
+    def resolve_links(text: str) -> str:
+        def repl(match):
+            target = re.sub(r"^Frida\.", "", match.group(1).strip())
+            parts = target.split(".")
+            if len(parts) == 1:
+                kind = type_kinds.get(parts[0])
+                if kind is not None:
+                    return f"[{kind}@Frida.{parts[0]}]"
+            elif len(parts) == 2:
+                info = member_kinds.get((parts[0], parts[1]))
+                if info is not None:
+                    kind, gir_name = info
+                    if kind == "method":
+                        return f"[method@Frida.{parts[0]}.{gir_name}]"
+                    if kind == "ctor":
+                        return f"[ctor@Frida.{parts[0]}.{gir_name}]"
+                    if kind == "property":
+                        return f"[property@Frida.{parts[0]}:{gir_name}]"
+                    if kind == "signal":
+                        return f"[signal@Frida.{parts[0]}::{gir_name}]"
+            return "`" + target + "`"
+        return re.sub(r"\{@link\s+([^}]+)\}", repl, text)
+
+    def set_doc(elem: ET.Element, text: str, filename: str = "<generated>",
+                line: int = 0):
+        if not text:
+            return
+        if elem.find(doc_tag) is not None:
+            return
+        doc = ET.Element(doc_tag)
+        doc.set("xml:space", "preserve")
+        # gi-docgen accesses filename/line unconditionally, so always emit them,
+        # mirroring what g-ir-scanner produces for hand-written C.
+        doc.set("filename", filename)
+        doc.set("line", str(line))
+        doc.text = resolve_links(text)
+        elem.insert(0, doc)
+
+    def member_doc(type_name: str, name: str):
+        comment = docs.members.get((type_name, name))
+        if comment is None:
+            for suffix in ("_finish", "_sync"):
+                if name.endswith(suffix):
+                    comment = docs.members.get((type_name, name[: -len(suffix)]))
+                    if comment is not None:
+                        break
+        return comment
+
+    def apply_callable(elem: ET.Element, comment: DocComment):
+        set_doc(elem, comment.body, comment.filename, comment.line)
+        if comment.returns:
+            rv = elem.find(f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}return-value")
+            if rv is not None:
+                set_doc(rv, comment.returns, comment.filename, comment.line)
+        params_elem = elem.find(f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}parameters")
+        if params_elem is not None and comment.params:
+            for param in params_elem.findall(f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}parameter"):
+                text = comment.params.get(param.get("name"))
+                if text:
+                    set_doc(param, text, comment.filename, comment.line)
+
+    for type_elem in list(merged_namespace):
+        type_name = type_elem.get("name")
+        if type_name is None:
+            continue
+        tag = type_elem.tag.split("}")[-1]
+
+        type_comment = docs.types.get(type_name)
+        if type_comment is not None and tag in ("class", "interface", "enumeration"):
+            set_doc(type_elem, type_comment.body, type_comment.filename,
+                    type_comment.line)
+
+        for child in list(type_elem):
+            child_name = child.get("name")
+            if child_name is None:
+                continue
+            if child.tag in callable_tags:
+                lookup = child_name.replace("-", "_") if child.tag == glib_signal_tag \
+                    else child_name
+                comment = member_doc(type_name, lookup)
+                if comment is not None:
+                    apply_callable(child, comment)
+                elif child.tag == f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}constructor" \
+                        and child_name == "new":
+                    # Vala's implicit default constructor; give it a sensible
+                    # description rather than leaving it bare.
+                    set_doc(child, f"Creates a new [class@Frida.{type_name}].")
+            elif child.tag == property_tag:
+                vala_name = child_name.replace("-", "_")
+                comment = docs.members.get((type_name, vala_name))
+                if comment is not None:
+                    set_doc(child, comment.body, comment.filename, comment.line)
+                    # The C API also exposes the property through getter/setter
+                    # methods; give them the same description.
+                    accessors = {"get_" + vala_name, "set_" + vala_name}
+                    for sibling in type_elem:
+                        if sibling.tag == f"{{{CORE_NAMESPACE}}}method" \
+                                and sibling.get("name") in accessors:
+                            set_doc(sibling, comment.body, comment.filename,
+                                    comment.line)
+            elif child.tag == member_tag:
+                comment = docs.enum_members.get((type_name, child_name.upper()))
+                if comment is not None:
+                    set_doc(child, comment.body, comment.filename, comment.line)
+
 def emit_vapi(api, output_dir):
    with OutputFile(output_dir / f"frida-core-{api.version}.vapi") as output_vapi_file:
        output_vapi_file.write("[CCode (cheader_filename = \"frida-core.h\", cprefix = \"Frida\", lower_case_cprefix = \"frida_\")]")
@@ -304,6 +643,17 @@ def emit_vapi(api, output_dir):
        output_deps_file.write("gobject-2.0\n")
        output_deps_file.write("gio-2.0\n")

+def emit_symbol_maps_from_source(output_dir: Path):
+    with OutputFile(output_dir / 'frida-core.version') as f:
+        f.write("{\n")
+        f.write("  global:\n")
+        f.write("    frida_*;\n")
+        f.write("    _frida_*;\n")
+        f.write("\n")
+        f.write("  local:\n")
+        f.write("    *;\n")
+        f.write("};\n")
+
 def parse_api(frida_version, frida_version_components, api_version, toplevel_code, core_header, core_vapi, base_header, base_vapi):
    all_headers = core_header + "\n" + base_header

@@ -311,6 +661,7 @@ def parse_api(frida_version, frida_version_components, api_version, toplevel_cod
    enum_types = []

    base_public_types = {
+        "SpawnGatingOptions": "ProcessMatchOptions",
        "FrontmostQueryOptions": "SpawnOptions",
        "ApplicationQueryOptions": "FrontmostQueryOptions",
        "ProcessQueryOptions": "ApplicationQueryOptions",
@@ -325,6 +676,9 @@ def parse_api(frida_version, frida_version_components, api_version, toplevel_cod
        "EndpointParameters": "PortalService",
        "AuthenticationService": "EndpointParameters",
        "StaticAuthenticationService": "AuthenticationService",
+        "WebRequestHandler": "StaticAuthenticationService",
+        "WebRequest": "WebRequestHandler",
+        "WebResponse": "WebRequest",
    }
    internal_type_prefixes = [
        "AgentMessageKind",
@@ -419,7 +773,7 @@ def parse_api(frida_version, frida_version_components, api_version, toplevel_cod
                            object_type.c_method_prototypes.append(method_cprototype)
                    elif method_name == 'get_type':
                        object_type.c_get_type = method_cprototype.replace("G_GNUC_CONST ;", "G_GNUC_CONST;")
-        for d in re.finditer(r"^typedef.+?\(\*(" + object_type.c_name + r".+?)\) \(.+\);$", core_header, re.MULTILINE):
+        for d in re.finditer(r"^typedef.+?\(\*(" + object_type.c_name + r".+?)\) \(.+\);$", all_headers, re.MULTILINE):
            delegate_cname = d.group(1)
            if delegate_cname not in seen_cdelegates:
                seen_cdelegates.add(delegate_cname)
@@ -510,6 +864,8 @@ def function_is_public(name):
                "generate_certificate",
                "get_dbus_context",
                "invalidate_dbus_context",
+                "make_json_reader",
+                "make_json_reader_taking_node",
                "make_parameters_dict",
                "compute_system_parameters",
                "parse_control_address",
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ fs = import('fs')
 generate_api = [python, files('generate.py')]

 generate_api_args = [
+  meson.current_build_dir(),
  frida_version,
  frida_major_version.to_string(),
  frida_minor_version.to_string(),
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ generate_api_args = [
  base_build_dir / 'frida-base.h',
  base_build_dir / base_gir_name,
  base_build_dir / f'frida-base-@[email protected]',
-  meson.current_build_dir(),
 ]

 core_api = custom_target('frida-core-api',
@@ -44,6 +44,24 @@ glib_gir = fs.copyfile('GLib-2.0.gir', install: install_glib_girs, install_dir:
 gobject_gir = fs.copyfile('GObject-2.0.gir', install: install_glib_girs, install_dir: girdir)
 gio_gir = fs.copyfile('Gio-2.0.gir', install: install_glib_girs, install_dir: girdir)

+g_ir_compiler = find_program('g-ir-compiler', required: false)
+if g_ir_compiler.found()
+  custom_target('frida-core-typelib',
+    command: [
+      g_ir_compiler,
+      '--output', '@OUTPUT@',
+      '--includedir=' + girdir,
+      '--includedir=' + meson.current_source_dir(),
+      '@INPUT@',
+    ],
+    input: core_public_gir,
+    output: f'Frida-@[email protected]',
+    depends: core,
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: typelibdir,
+  )
+endif
+
 core_public_vapi_stamp = custom_target('frida-core-vapi-stamp',
  input: core_public_vapi,
  output: f'frida-core-@[email protected]',
@@ -54,22 +72,26 @@ core_public_vapi_stamp = custom_target('frida-core-vapi-stamp',
  ],
 )

-core_public_lib = custom_target('frida-core-library',
-  input: [core] + internal_libs,
-  output: f'libfrida-core-@[email protected]',
-  command: [
-    python,
-    files('merge.py'),
-    lib,
-    libtool,
-    ar,
-    meson.current_build_dir(),
-    '@OUTPUT@',
-    '@INPUT@'
-  ],
-  install: true,
-  install_dir: get_option('libdir'),
-)
+if is_shared
+  core_public_lib = core
+else
+  core_public_lib = custom_target('frida-core-library',
+    input: [core] + internal_libs,
+    output: f'libfrida-core-@[email protected]',
+    command: [
+      python,
+      files('merge.py'),
+      lib,
+      libtool,
+      ar,
+      meson.current_build_dir(),
+      '@OUTPUT@',
+      '@INPUT@'
+    ],
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: get_option('libdir'),
+  )
+endif

 core_public_extra_headers = []
 if host_os == 'android'
@@ -96,29 +118,43 @@ installed_variables = {
  'frida_vapidir': vapidir,
 }

-core_public_dep = declare_dependency(
-  sources: [core_public_h, core_public_gir, glib_gir, gobject_gir, gio_gir, core_public_vapi_stamp, core_public_extra_headers],
-  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
-  link_args: backend_libs_private,
-  link_with: core_public_lib,
-  dependencies: core_deps,
-  variables: uninstalled_variables,
-)
+core_public_dep_kwargs = {
+  'sources': [core_public_h, core_public_gir, glib_gir, gobject_gir, gio_gir, core_public_vapi_stamp] + core_public_extra_headers,
+  'include_directories': include_directories('.'),
+  'link_with': core_public_lib,
+  'dependencies': core_deps,
+  'variables': uninstalled_variables,
+}
+if not is_shared
+  core_public_dep_kwargs += {
+    'link_args': backend_libs_private,
+  }
+endif
+core_public_dep = declare_dependency(kwargs: core_public_dep_kwargs)

 pkg = import('pkgconfig')
-pkg.generate(
-  filebase: f'frida-core-@api_version@',
-  name: 'Frida Core Library',
-  version: frida_version,
-  description: 'Instrumentation toolkit for developers, reverse-engineers, and security researchers',
-  requires: ['glib-2.0', 'gobject-2.0', 'gio-2.0', 'json-glib-1.0'],
-  requires_private: ['gmodule-2.0', 'gee-0.8', 'libsoup-3.0', 'frida-gum-1.0', 'frida-gumjs-inspector-1.0', 'libbrotlidec'] + backend_reqs_private,
-  subdirs: f'frida-@api_version@',
-  libraries: core_public_lib,
-  libraries_private: backend_libs_private,
-  extra_cflags: ['-I${frida_includedir}'],
-  variables: installed_variables,
-  uninstalled_variables: uninstalled_variables,
-)
+pkg_kwargs = {
+  'filebase': f'frida-core-@api_version@',
+  'name': 'Frida Core Library',
+  'version': frida_version,
+  'description': 'Instrumentation toolkit for developers, reverse-engineers, and security researchers',
+  'requires': ['glib-2.0', 'gobject-2.0', 'gio-2.0', 'json-glib-1.0'],
+  'subdirs': f'frida-@api_version@',
+  'extra_cflags': ['-I${frida_includedir}'],
+  'variables': installed_variables,
+  'uninstalled_variables': uninstalled_variables,
+}
+if is_shared
+  pkg_kwargs += {
+    'libraries': ['-L${libdir}', f'-lfrida-core-@api_version@'],
+  }
+else
+  pkg_kwargs += {
+    'libraries': core_public_lib,
+    'requires_private': ['gmodule-2.0', 'gee-0.8', 'libsoup-3.0', 'frida-gum-1.0', 'frida-gumjs-inspector-1.0', 'libbrotlidec'] + backend_reqs_private,
+    'libraries_private': backend_libs_private,
+  }
+endif
+pkg.generate(kwargs: pkg_kwargs)

 meson.override_dependency(f'frida-core-@api_version@', core_public_dep)
@@ -10,25 +10,29 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		private OutputStream output;

 		private AgentConfig agent_config;
+		private VsockTransportConfig? vsock_transport;
 		private ImageConfig? image_config;
+		private KernelRelocation? relocation;
+		private uint64 kernel_base;
 		private Machine machine;
 		private Allocator allocator;

 		private Allocation elf_allocation;
 		private Allocation config_allocation;
-		private Callback mprotect_callback;
-		private Callback remap_writable_pages_callback;

 		private Gee.Map<uint16, Promise<Variant>> pending_requests = new Gee.HashMap<uint16, Promise<Variant>> ();
 		private uint16 next_request_id = 1;

 		private const int COMMAND_TIMEOUT_MS = 25000;

-		public static async AgentConnection open (AgentConfig agent_config, ImageConfig? image_config, Machine machine,
-				Allocator allocator, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public static async AgentConnection open (AgentConfig agent_config, ImageConfig? image_config,
+				KernelRelocation? relocation, uint64 kernel_base, Machine machine, Allocator allocator,
+				Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			var connection = new AgentConnection () {
 				agent_config = agent_config,
 				image_config = image_config,
+				relocation = relocation,
+				kernel_base = kernel_base,
 				machine = machine,
 				allocator = allocator,
 			};
@@ -42,32 +46,31 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			return connection;
 		}

-		private async bool init_async (int io_priority, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			HostlinkTransportConfig? transport_config = agent_config.transport as HostlinkTransportConfig;
-			if (transport_config == null)
-				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unsupported transport config: only hostlink is supported for now");
+		private const uint8 TRANSPORT_KIND_VIRTIO = 0;
+		private const uint8 TRANSPORT_KIND_VSOCK = 1;

-			var qmp = yield QmpClient.open (transport_config.qmp, 0, cancellable);
-			var link = yield qmp.open_hostlink (cancellable);
-			hostlink = link.connection;
-			input = (BufferedInputStream) Object.new (typeof (BufferedInputStream),
-				"base-stream", hostlink.get_input_stream (),
-				"close-base-stream", false,
-				"buffer-size", 128 * 1024);
-			output = hostlink.get_output_stream ();
+		private async bool init_async (int io_priority, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var transport_tag = yield resolve_transport (cancellable);

 			var gdb = machine.gdb;
 			ByteOrder byte_order = gdb.byte_order;
 			uint pointer_size = gdb.pointer_size;

-			uint64 kernel_base;
 			Layout layout;
+			uint64 preferred_base = 0;
 			if (image_config != null) {
-				kernel_base = image_config.base.address;
-				layout = yield Layout.load_from_symbol_source (File.new_for_path (image_config.file), kernel_base,
-					byte_order, pointer_size, cancellable);
+				var payload = yield Img4.parse_file (File.new_for_path (image_config.file), cancellable);
+				var kernelcache = Layout.parse_kernelcache (payload.data);
+				preferred_base = kernelcache.preferred_address;
+				if (relocation != null) {
+					layout = Layout.load_from_module (kernelcache, payload.data, preferred_base, byte_order,
+						pointer_size);
+					rebase_layout (layout, preferred_base, relocation);
+				} else {
+					layout = Layout.load_from_module (kernelcache, payload.data, kernel_base, byte_order,
+						pointer_size);
+				}
 			} else {
-				kernel_base = 0;
 				layout = new Layout.empty ();
 			}
 			if (kernel_base == 0)
@@ -83,9 +86,12 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				foreach (var e in image_config.symbols.entries) {
 					unowned string name = e.key;
 					if (!symbols.has_key (name)) {
+						uint32 offset = (relocation != null)
+							? relocation.runtime_offset (preferred_base + e.value)
+							: (uint32) e.value;
 						var s = new SymbolInfo () {
 							name = name,
-							offset = (uint32) e.value,
+							offset = offset,
 							symbol_type = 0xf,
 							section = 0x10, // FIXME
 						};
@@ -99,9 +105,59 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			if (thread_block == null)
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Missing symbol for thread_block");

-			var config_builder = new VariantBuilder (new VariantType ("(tuta(ssuuuu)ay)"));
-			config_builder.add ("t", link.mmio);
-			config_builder.add ("u", link.irq);
+			SymbolInfo? panic = symbols["panic"];
+			if (panic != null && machine is Arm64Machine)
+				((Arm64Machine) machine).call_landing_zone = kernel_base + panic.offset;
+
+			Bytes symbol_data = hash_builder.build (byte_order);
+
+			Gum.ElfModule elf;
+			try {
+				elf = new Gum.ElfModule.from_file (agent_config.path);
+			} catch (Gum.Error e) {
+				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("%s", e.message);
+			}
+
+			var raw_elf = gdb.make_buffer (new Bytes (elf.get_file_data ()));
+			// Slots whose symbol is absent on this kernel are left zero; the agent's
+			// xnu.rs uses Option<fn> and falls back across per-kernel name variants.
+			elf.enumerate_symbols (s => {
+				unowned Gum.ElfSectionDetails? sect = s.section;
+				if (sect != null && sect.name == ".kernel_addrs") {
+					string name = s.name[1:];
+					SymbolInfo? info = symbols[name];
+					if (info != null) {
+						size_t file_offset = (size_t) (sect.offset + (s.address - sect.address));
+						raw_elf.write_pointer (file_offset, kernel_base + info.offset);
+					}
+				}
+				return true;
+			});
+
+			yield machine.enter_exception_level (1, 1000, cancellable);
+
+			yield run_until_thread_block (kernel_base + thread_block.offset, cancellable);
+
+			size_t page_size = yield machine.query_page_size (cancellable);
+
+			yield ((Arm64Machine) machine).learn_permission_templates (kernel_base + thread_block.offset, cancellable);
+
+			elf_allocation = yield inject_elf (elf, raw_elf.bytes, page_size, machine, allocator, cancellable);
+
+			uint64 start_address = 0;
+			uint64 base_va = elf_allocation.virtual_address;
+			elf.enumerate_symbols (e => {
+				if (e.name == "_start")
+					start_address = base_va + e.address;
+				return true;
+			});
+			if (start_address == 0)
+				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Invalid agent: no _start symbol found");
+
+			var config_builder = new VariantBuilder (new VariantType ("((tt)yvta(ssuuuu)ay)"));
+			config_builder.add ("(tt)", base_va, (uint64) elf_allocation.size);
+			config_builder.add_value (transport_tag.get_child_value (0));
+			config_builder.add_value (transport_tag.get_child_value (1));
 			config_builder.add ("t", kernel_base);

 			config_builder.open (new VariantType ("a(ssuuuu)"));
@@ -117,78 +173,9 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			}
 			config_builder.close ();

-			Bytes symbol_data = hash_builder.build (byte_order);
 			config_builder.add_value (Variant.new_from_data (new VariantType ("ay"), symbol_data.get_data (), true,
 				symbol_data));

-			Gum.ElfModule elf;
-			try {
-				elf = new Gum.ElfModule.from_file (agent_config.path);
-			} catch (Gum.Error e) {
-				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("%s", e.message);
-			}
-
-			var raw_elf = gdb.make_buffer (new Bytes (elf.get_file_data ()));
-			var missing_symbols = new Gee.ArrayList<string> ();
-			elf.enumerate_symbols (s => {
-				unowned Gum.ElfSectionDetails? sect = s.section;
-				if (sect != null && sect.name == ".kernel_addrs") {
-					string name = s.name[1:];
-					SymbolInfo? info = symbols[name];
-					if (info != null) {
-						size_t file_offset = (size_t) (sect.offset + (s.address - sect.address));
-						raw_elf.write_pointer (file_offset, kernel_base + info.offset);
-					} else {
-						missing_symbols.add (name);
-					}
-				}
-				return true;
-			});
-			if (!missing_symbols.is_empty) {
-				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Missing symbols for: %s",
-					string.joinv (", ", missing_symbols.to_array ()));
-			}
-
-			yield machine.enter_exception_level (1, 1000, cancellable);
-
-			var bp = yield gdb.add_breakpoint (SOFT, kernel_base + thread_block.offset, 4, cancellable);
-			GDB.Breakpoint? hit_breakpoint = null;
-			do {
-				var exception = yield gdb.continue_until_exception (cancellable);
-				hit_breakpoint = exception.breakpoint;
-			} while (hit_breakpoint != bp);
-			yield bp.remove (cancellable);
-
-			size_t page_size = yield machine.query_page_size (cancellable);
-
-			elf_allocation = yield inject_elf (elf, raw_elf.bytes, page_size, machine, allocator, cancellable);
-
-			uint64 start_address = 0;
-			uint64 remap_writable_pages_address = 0;
-			uint64 mprotect_address = 0;
-			uint64 base_va = elf_allocation.virtual_address;
-			elf.enumerate_symbols (e => {
-				if (e.name == "_start")
-					start_address = base_va + e.address;
-				else if (e.name == "gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages")
-					remap_writable_pages_address = base_va + e.address;
-				else if (e.name == "gum_try_mprotect")
-					mprotect_address = base_va + e.address;
-				else
-					return true;
-				return start_address == 0 || mprotect_address == 0 || remap_writable_pages_address == 0;
-			});
-			if (start_address == 0)
-				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Invalid agent: no _start symbol found");
-			if (remap_writable_pages_address == 0)
-				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Invalid agent: no gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages symbol found");
-			if (mprotect_address == 0)
-				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Invalid agent: no gum_try_mprotect symbol found");
-
-			remap_writable_pages_callback = yield new Callback (remap_writable_pages_address,
-				new RemapWritablePagesHandler (machine), machine, cancellable);
-			mprotect_callback = yield new Callback (mprotect_address, new MemoryProtectHandler (machine), machine, cancellable);
-
 			var config_blob = config_builder.end ().get_data_as_bytes ();
 			config_allocation = yield allocator.allocate (config_blob.get_size (), 8, cancellable);

@@ -200,13 +187,105 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				},
 				cancellable);

-			yield gdb.continue (cancellable);
+			// The vphone research kernel panics on any synchronous exception taken while a
+			// debugger is attached, which the worker hits in the allocator during gum_init.
+			var arm64 = machine as Arm64Machine;
+			bool post_inject_access_uses_bridge = arm64 != null && arm64.physical_memory != null;
+			if (post_inject_access_uses_bridge)
+				yield gdb.detach (cancellable);
+			else
+				yield gdb.continue (cancellable);
+			yield establish_hostlink (cancellable);

 			process_incoming_messages.begin ();

 			return true;
 		}

+		private async void run_until_thread_block (uint64 address, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var gdb = machine.gdb;
+			var bp = yield gdb.add_breakpoint (SOFT, address, 4, cancellable);
+
+			GDB.Breakpoint? hit = null;
+			do {
+				var exception = yield gdb.continue_until_exception (cancellable);
+				hit = exception.breakpoint;
+			} while (hit != bp);
+
+			yield bp.remove (cancellable);
+		}
+
+		private async Variant resolve_transport (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (agent_config.transport is HostlinkTransportConfig)
+				return yield connect_virtio_transport ((HostlinkTransportConfig) agent_config.transport, cancellable);
+			if (agent_config.transport is VsockTransportConfig) {
+				var config = (VsockTransportConfig) agent_config.transport;
+				vsock_transport = config;
+				return new Variant.tuple ({
+					new Variant.byte (TRANSPORT_KIND_VSOCK),
+					new Variant.variant (new Variant.uint32 (config.port))
+				});
+			}
+			throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unsupported transport config");
+		}
+
+		private async void establish_hostlink (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (vsock_transport == null)
+				return;
+
+#if WINDOWS
+			throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Hostlink transport is not available on this OS");
+#else
+			var address = new UnixSocketAddress (vsock_transport.socket_path);
+			var client = new SocketClient ();
+			while (true) {
+				try {
+					adopt_hostlink_streams (yield client.connect_async (address, cancellable));
+					return;
+				} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+					if (e is IOError.CANCELLED)
+						throw (IOError) e;
+					var source = new TimeoutSource (50);
+					source.set_callback (establish_hostlink.callback);
+					source.attach (MainContext.get_thread_default ());
+					yield;
+				}
+			}
+#endif
+		}
+
+		private async Variant connect_virtio_transport (HostlinkTransportConfig config, Cancellable? cancellable)
+				throws Error, IOError {
+			var qmp = yield QmpClient.open (config.qmp, 0, cancellable);
+			var link = yield qmp.open_hostlink (cancellable);
+			adopt_hostlink_streams (link.connection);
+
+			Variant[] virtio_cfg = { new Variant.uint64 (link.mmio), new Variant.uint32 (link.irq) };
+			return new Variant.tuple ({
+				new Variant.byte (TRANSPORT_KIND_VIRTIO),
+				new Variant.variant (new Variant.tuple (virtio_cfg))
+			});
+		}
+
+		private void adopt_hostlink_streams (SocketConnection connection) {
+			hostlink = connection;
+			input = (BufferedInputStream) Object.new (typeof (BufferedInputStream),
+				"base-stream", hostlink.get_input_stream (),
+				"close-base-stream", false,
+				"buffer-size", 128 * 1024);
+			output = hostlink.get_output_stream ();
+		}
+
+		private void rebase_layout (Layout layout, uint64 preferred_base, KernelRelocation reloc) throws Error {
+			foreach (var s in layout.symbols)
+				s.offset = reloc.runtime_offset (preferred_base + s.offset);
+			foreach (var m in layout.modules) {
+				m.offset = reloc.runtime_offset (preferred_base + m.offset);
+				m.start_func_offset = reloc.runtime_offset (preferred_base + m.start_func_offset);
+				m.stop_func_offset = reloc.runtime_offset (preferred_base + m.stop_func_offset);
+			}
+		}
+
 		public async void close (Cancellable? cancellable) throws IOError {
 			io_cancellable.cancel ();
 		}
@@ -241,16 +320,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		private async Variant execute_command (Command command, Variant payload, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			uint16 request_id = next_request_id++;

-			var command_message = new Variant ("(yqv)", (uint8) command, request_id, payload);
-			if (machine.gdb.byte_order != ByteOrder.HOST)
-				command_message = command_message.byteswap ();
-			var command_bytes = command_message.get_data_as_bytes ();
-
-			var builder = machine.gdb.make_buffer_builder ();
-			Bytes frame = builder
-				.append_uint32 ((uint32) command_bytes.get_size ())
-				.append_bytes (command_bytes)
-				.build ();
+			Bytes frame = frame_message (command, request_id, payload);

 			var promise = new Promise<Variant> ();
 			pending_requests[request_id] = promise;
@@ -324,6 +394,30 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 						payload.get ("(u&s)", out script_handle, out json);

 						script_message (AgentScriptId (script_handle), json, null);
+					} else if (command_code == Command.REMAP_WRITABLE_PAGES) {
+						Variant result;
+						try {
+							result = yield remap_writable_pages (payload, io_cancellable);
+						} catch (Error e) {
+							result = new Variant.uint64 (0);
+						}
+						yield send_reply (request_id, result);
+					} else if (command_code == Command.MEMORY_PROTECT) {
+						Variant result;
+						try {
+							result = yield protect_memory (payload, io_cancellable);
+						} catch (Error e) {
+							result = new Variant.boolean (false);
+						}
+						yield send_reply (request_id, result);
+					} else if (command_code == Command.PATCH_CODE) {
+						Variant result;
+						try {
+							result = yield patch_code (payload, io_cancellable);
+						} catch (Error e) {
+							result = new Variant.boolean (false);
+						}
+						yield send_reply (request_id, result);
 					} else if (command_code == Command.REPLY) {
 						Promise<Variant>? promise;
 						if (pending_requests.unset (request_id, out promise))
@@ -355,62 +449,67 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			}
 		}

-		private class RemapWritablePagesHandler : Object, CallbackHandler {
-			public signal void output (string message);
-
-			public uint arity {
-				get { return 2; }
+		private async Variant remap_writable_pages (Variant payload, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var arm64 = (Arm64Machine) machine;
+			var physical_addresses = new Gee.ArrayList<uint64?> ();
+			for (size_t i = 0; i != payload.n_children (); i++) {
+				uint64 va = payload.get_child_value (i).get_uint64 ();
+				physical_addresses.add (yield arm64.translate_address (va, cancellable));
 			}

-			private Machine machine;
+			Allocation allocation = yield machine.allocate_pages (physical_addresses, cancellable);

-			public RemapWritablePagesHandler (Machine machine) {
-				this.machine = machine;
-			}
-
-			public async uint64 handle_invocation (uint64[] args, CallFrame frame, Cancellable? cancellable)
-					throws Error, IOError {
-				var pages = args[0];
-				var num_pages = (uint) args[1];
-
-				var physical_addresses = new Gee.ArrayList<uint64?> ();
-				var gdb = machine.gdb;
-				var reader = new BufferReader (yield gdb.read_buffer (pages, num_pages * gdb.pointer_size, cancellable));
-				for (uint i = 0; i != num_pages; i++)
-					physical_addresses.add (reader.read_pointer ());
-
-				Allocation allocation = yield machine.allocate_pages (physical_addresses, cancellable);
-				// TODO: Handle cleanup.
-
-				return allocation.virtual_address;
-			}
+			return new Variant.uint64 (allocation.virtual_address);
 		}

-		private class MemoryProtectHandler : Object, CallbackHandler {
-			public signal void output (string message);
+		private async Variant protect_memory (Variant payload, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			uint64 address;
+			uint64 size;
+			uint32 prot;
+			payload.get ("(ttu)", out address, out size, out prot);

-			public uint arity {
-				get { return 3; }
+			yield machine.protect_pages (address, (size_t) size, (Gum.PageProtection) prot, cancellable);
+
+			return new Variant.boolean (true);
+		}
+
+		// CTRR/KTRR locks kernel text read-only against the guest CPU, so the agent cannot patch it
+		// even through a writable alias. The physical-memory bridge writes the backing store directly,
+		// which the lock does not cover, letting us land hooks in kernel and kext text.
+		private async Variant patch_code (Variant payload, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var arm64 = (Arm64Machine) machine;
+			uint64 va;
+			Variant bytes_value;
+			payload.get ("(t@ay)", out va, out bytes_value);
+			var data = (uint8[]) bytes_value.get_data_as_bytes ().get_data ();
+
+			size_t page_size = yield machine.query_page_size (cancellable);
+			size_t offset = 0;
+			while (offset < data.length) {
+				uint64 page_va = va + offset;
+				uint64 pa = yield arm64.translate_address (page_va, cancellable);
+				size_t chunk = size_t.min (page_size - (size_t) (page_va & (page_size - 1)), data.length - offset);
+				yield arm64.write_physical (pa, data[offset : offset + chunk], cancellable);
+				offset += chunk;
 			}

-			private Machine machine;
+			return new Variant.boolean (true);
+		}

-			public MemoryProtectHandler (Machine machine) {
-				this.machine = machine;
-			}
+		private async void send_reply (uint16 request_id, Variant payload) throws GLib.Error {
+			Bytes frame = frame_message (Command.REPLY, request_id, payload);
+			yield output.write_all_async (frame.get_data (), Priority.DEFAULT, io_cancellable, null);
+		}

-			public async uint64 handle_invocation (uint64[] args, CallFrame frame, Cancellable? cancellable)
-					throws Error, IOError {
-				var address = args[0];
-				var size = (size_t) args[1];
-				var prot = (Gum.PageProtection) args[2];
-				try {
-					yield machine.protect_pages (address, size, prot, cancellable);
-					return 1;
-				} catch (GLib.Error e) {
-					return 0;
-				}
-			}
+		private Bytes frame_message (Command command, uint16 request_id, Variant payload) {
+			var message = new Variant ("(yqv)", (uint8) command, request_id, payload);
+			if (machine.gdb.byte_order != ByteOrder.HOST)
+				message = message.byteswap ();
+			var message_bytes = message.get_data_as_bytes ();
+			return machine.gdb.make_buffer_builder ()
+				.append_uint32 ((uint32) message_bytes.get_size ())
+				.append_bytes (message_bytes)
+				.build ();
 		}

 		private enum Command {
@@ -418,6 +517,9 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			LOAD_SCRIPT = 2,
 			DESTROY_SCRIPT = 3,
 			POST_SCRIPT_MESSAGE = 4,
+			REMAP_WRITABLE_PAGES = 5,
+			MEMORY_PROTECT = 6,
+			PATCH_CODE = 7,
 			REPLY = 128,
 			SCRIPT_MESSAGE = 129
 		}
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
        -- \
        -Dfrida-core:compat=disabled \
        -Dfrida-core:local_backend=disabled \
+        -Dfrida-core:simmy_backend=disabled \
        -Dfrida-core:fruity_backend=disabled \
        -Dfrida-core:droidy_backend=disabled \
        -Dfrida-core:socket_backend=disabled \
@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ SECTIONS {
    __ZN9IOServiceC2Ev = .; . += 8;
    __ZN8OSSymbol17withCStringNoCopyEPKc = .; . += 8;
    __ZN6OSData9withBytesEPKvj = .; . += 8;
+    _kalloc_data = .; . += 8;
+    _kfree_data = .; . += 8;
+    _wakeup = .; . += 8;
+    _sock_socket = .; . += 8;
+    _sock_connect = .; . += 8;
+    _sock_send = .; . += 8;
+    _sock_receive = .; . += 8;
+    _sock_close = .; . += 8;
  }
  .data.rel.ro : {
    *(.data.rel.ro*)
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "connection": {
+    "host": "127.0.0.1",
+    "port": 52494,
+    "flavor": "vz",
+    "pid": 49248
+  },
+  "allocator": {
+    "mode": "target-functions",
+    "alloc_function": "0xfffffe0007ab6cdc",
+    "free_function": "0xfffffe0007ab74a8",
+    "alloc_flags": 512
+  },
+  "agent": {
+    "path": "/Users/oleavr/src/frida-core/src/barebone/agent/target/aarch64-unknown-none/release/frida-barebone-agent",
+    "transport": {
+      "type": "vsock",
+      "socket_path": "/tmp/claude-501/vphone-frida-21528.sock",
+      "port": 1339
+    }
+  },
+  "image": {
+    "file": "/Users/oleavr/src/vphone-cli/vm/iPhone17,3_26.1_23B85_Restore/kernelcache.research.vresearch101",
+    "symbols": {
+      "panic": "0x12a2814",
+      "IOLog": "0xac44cc",
+      "thread_block": "0xad3dac",
+      "assert_wait": "0xacf1f8",
+      "assert_wait_timeout": "0xacf3a0",
+      "thread_wakeup": "0xad24e0",
+      "kalloc_data": "0xab2cdc",
+      "kfree_data": "0xab34a8",
+      "sock_socket": "0x1006c88",
+      "sock_connect": "0x1005714",
+      "sock_send": "0x1006708",
+      "sock_receive": "0x100669c",
+      "sock_close": "0x1006de8",
+      "mach_absolute_time": "0xc0548c",
+      "absolutetime_to_nanoseconds": "0xc05a34",
+      "clock_get_calendar_microtime": "0xa996c0",
+      "kernel_thread_start": "0xafb660",
+      "sb_evaluate_internal": "0x214dc00",
+      "hook_cred_label_update_execve": "0x2156004",
+      "hook_vnode_check_create": "0x213cf48",
+      "hook_policy_syscall": "0x21443bc",
+      "gLoadedKextSummaries": "0x24ec160",
+      "proc_pid": "0xf65e5c"
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use core::ffi::c_void;
+
+use crate::bindings::{gpointer, gsize, GumPageProtection};
+use crate::{gum, libc, xnu};
+
+const GUM_PAGE_READ: GumPageProtection = 1;
+const GUM_PAGE_EXECUTE: GumPageProtection = 4;
+
+// libffi (FFI_TRAMP_EMBEDDER) asks us to back a trampoline table: a copy of its
+// static trampoline `text` made executable, followed by a writable parameter
+// table `map_size` bytes later (the trampolines reach their parameters via that
+// fixed offset). The two halves are whole pages, so flipping the first to RX
+// over the hostlink leaves the parameter table writable.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn ffi_tramp_embedder_map(
+    text: *const c_void,
+    map_size: usize,
+    code_table: *mut *mut c_void,
+    parm_table: *mut *mut c_void,
+) -> i32 {
+    unsafe {
+        let base = xnu::kalloc(map_size * 2);
+        if base.is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(text as *const u8, base, map_size);
+        libc::__clear_cache(base, base.add(map_size));
+
+        let made_executable =
+            gum::gum_try_mprotect(base as gpointer, map_size as gsize, GUM_PAGE_READ | GUM_PAGE_EXECUTE);
+        if made_executable == 0 {
+            xnu::free(base, map_size * 2);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        *code_table = base as *mut c_void;
+        *parm_table = base.add(map_size) as *mut c_void;
+        1
+    }
+}
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn ffi_tramp_embedder_unmap(
+    code_table: *mut c_void,
+    _parm_table: *mut c_void,
+    map_size: usize,
+) {
+    unsafe {
+        xnu::free(code_table as *mut u8, map_size * 2);
+    }
+}
@@ -600,10 +600,14 @@ unsafe fn lock_notify_all() {
    }
 }

+// The thread pointer is exposed to JavaScript as a GumThreadId, so it must fit
+// in a double without losing precision; the low bits keep it unique per thread.
+const JS_SAFE_THREAD_ID_MASK: u64 = (1 << 48) - 1;
+
 pub unsafe fn get_current_thread_id() -> u64 {
    let thread_ptr: u64;
    unsafe {
        asm!("mrs {}, tpidr_el1", out(reg) thread_ptr, options(nomem, nostack));
    }
-    thread_ptr
+    thread_ptr & JS_SAFE_THREAD_ID_MASK
 }
@@ -1,24 +1,81 @@
 use crate::{
    bindings::{
        _GInterfaceInfo, _GTypeInfo, _GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_EXECUTE,
+        _GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_READ, _GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_WRITE,
        _GumRwxSupport_GUM_RWX_NONE, GArray, GObject, GObjectClass, GPrivate, GType,
        GumDebugSymbolDetails, GumExportDetails, GumExportType_GUM_EXPORT_FUNCTION,
        GumFoundExportFunc, GumMemoryRange, GumModule, GumModuleInterface, GumModuleRegistry,
        GumPageProtection, GumRwxSupport, GumThreadId, GumTlsKey, g_array_append_vals, g_array_new,
        g_free, g_object_get_type, g_object_new, g_object_unref, g_once_init_enter,
        g_once_init_leave, g_strdup, g_type_add_interface_static, g_type_class_peek_parent,
-        g_type_register_static, gboolean, gchar, gconstpointer, gpointer, gsize, guint,
+        g_type_register_static, g_variant_get_boolean, g_variant_get_uint64, g_variant_new,
+        g_variant_new_fixed_array, g_variant_type_free, g_variant_type_new, gboolean, gchar,
+        gconstpointer, gpointer, gsize, guint,
        gum_barebone_register_module,
        gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages as _gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages,
-        gum_module_get_type, gum_mprotect, gum_query_page_size,
+        g_variant_unref, gum_module_get_type, gum_mprotect, gum_query_page_size,
    },
-    gthread, libc, xnu,
+    gthread, host_rpc, libc, FridaCommand,
 };
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 use alloc::ffi::CString;
 use alloc::format;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::ffi::CStr;
+use core::mem::size_of;
 use core::ptr;
-use core::{ffi::CStr, ptr::read_volatile};
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+
+// Code slabs the agent allocates are normal writable RAM, so gum can keep a real writable alias to
+// them across the slab's lifetime. Pre-existing kernel/kext text is CTRR-locked and can only be
+// modified through the host's physical-memory bridge, so we shadow it and commit on dispose. We
+// distinguish the two by tracking the executable ranges we hand out.
+static SLAB_LOCK: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
+static mut SLABS: Vec<(u64, u64)> = Vec::new();
+
+const SHADOW_MAGIC: u64 = 0x4644_4f48_5341_4853;
+const SHADOW_HEADER: usize = 24;
+const SHADOW_MIN_ADDRESS: u64 = 0xffff_f000_0000_0000;
+
+fn slab_lock() {
+    while SLAB_LOCK
+        .compare_exchange(0, 1, Ordering::Acquire, Ordering::Relaxed)
+        .is_err()
+    {
+        core::hint::spin_loop();
+    }
+}
+
+fn slab_unlock() {
+    SLAB_LOCK.store(0, Ordering::Release);
+}
+
+fn register_slab(start: u64, size: usize) {
+    slab_lock();
+    unsafe {
+        (*core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(SLABS)).push((start, start + size as u64));
+    }
+    slab_unlock();
+}
+
+fn unregister_slab(start: u64) {
+    slab_lock();
+    unsafe {
+        (*core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(SLABS)).retain(|&(begin, _)| begin != start);
+    }
+    slab_unlock();
+}
+
+fn is_agent_slab(address: u64) -> bool {
+    slab_lock();
+    let found = unsafe {
+        (*core::ptr::addr_of!(SLABS))
+            .iter()
+            .any(|&(begin, end)| address >= begin && address < end)
+    };
+    slab_unlock();
+    found
+}

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn gum_process_get_current_thread_id() -> GumThreadId {
@@ -57,43 +114,146 @@ pub extern "C" fn gum_memory_try_remap_writable_pages(
    first_page: gpointer,
    n_pages: guint,
 ) -> gpointer {
+    if is_agent_slab(first_page as u64) {
+        return remap_agent_pages(first_page, n_pages);
+    }
+    shadow_kernel_pages(first_page, n_pages)
+}
+
+fn remap_agent_pages(first_page: gpointer, n_pages: guint) -> gpointer {
    unsafe {
        let page_size = gum_query_page_size() as usize;
-        let mut physical_addrs = alloc::vec::Vec::with_capacity(n_pages as usize);
+        let mut virtual_addrs = Vec::with_capacity(n_pages as usize);

        let mut current_page = first_page as u64;
        for _ in 0..n_pages {
-            let phys_addr = xnu::ml_vtophys(current_page);
-            physical_addrs.push(phys_addr as gpointer);
+            virtual_addrs.push(current_page as gpointer);
            current_page += page_size as u64;
        }

        _gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages(
-            physical_addrs.as_ptr() as *mut *const core::ffi::c_void,
-            physical_addrs.len() as guint,
+            virtual_addrs.as_ptr() as *mut *const core::ffi::c_void,
+            virtual_addrs.len() as guint,
        )
    }
 }

+fn shadow_kernel_pages(first_page: gpointer, n_pages: guint) -> gpointer {
+    unsafe {
+        let total = n_pages as usize * gum_query_page_size() as usize;
+        let buffer = crate::xnu::kalloc(SHADOW_HEADER + total);
+        *(buffer as *mut u64) = SHADOW_MAGIC;
+        *(buffer.add(8) as *mut u64) = first_page as u64;
+        *(buffer.add(16) as *mut u32) = n_pages;
+
+        let body = buffer.add(SHADOW_HEADER);
+        core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(first_page as *const u8, body, total);
+        body as gpointer
+    }
+}
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn gum_memory_dispose_writable_pages(writable: gpointer, _n_pages: guint) {
+    if (writable as u64) < SHADOW_MIN_ADDRESS {
+        return;
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        let buffer = (writable as *mut u8).sub(SHADOW_HEADER);
+        if *(buffer as *const u64) != SHADOW_MAGIC {
+            return;
+        }
+        let first_page = *(buffer.add(8) as *const u64);
+        let n_pages = *(buffer.add(16) as *const u32);
+        let total = n_pages as usize * gum_query_page_size() as usize;
+
+        commit_kernel_patch(first_page, writable as *const u8, total);
+        libc::__clear_cache(first_page as *const u8, (first_page + total as u64) as *const u8);
+
+        crate::xnu::free(buffer, SHADOW_HEADER + total);
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn commit_kernel_patch(address: u64, data: *const u8, len: usize) {
+    unsafe {
+        let element_type = g_variant_type_new(c"y".as_ptr());
+        let bytes = g_variant_new_fixed_array(element_type, data as gconstpointer, len as gsize, 1);
+        g_variant_type_free(element_type);
+
+        let payload = g_variant_new(c"(t@ay)".as_ptr(), address, bytes);
+        let reply = host_rpc(FridaCommand::PatchCode, payload);
+        g_variant_unref(reply);
+    }
+}
+
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-#[inline(never)]
 pub extern "C" fn gum_barebone_try_remap_writable_pages(
    addrs: *const gpointer,
    n_addrs: guint,
 ) -> gpointer {
+    if !crate::transport_is_up() {
+        return ptr::null_mut();
+    }
    unsafe {
-        read_volatile(&n_addrs);
-        read_volatile(addrs)
+        let element_type = g_variant_type_new(c"t".as_ptr());
+        let payload = g_variant_new_fixed_array(
+            element_type,
+            addrs as gconstpointer,
+            n_addrs as gsize,
+            size_of::<u64>() as gsize,
+        );
+        g_variant_type_free(element_type);
+
+        let reply = host_rpc(FridaCommand::RemapWritablePages, payload);
+        let virtual_address = g_variant_get_uint64(reply);
+        g_variant_unref(reply);
+
+        virtual_address as gpointer
    }
 }

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn gum_try_mprotect(
-    _address: gpointer,
-    _size: gsize,
-    _prot: GumPageProtection,
+    address: gpointer,
+    size: gsize,
+    prot: GumPageProtection,
 ) -> gboolean {
-    1
+    if !crate::transport_is_up() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        let payload = g_variant_new(c"(ttu)".as_ptr(), address as u64, size as u64, prot as u32);
+
+        let reply = host_rpc(FridaCommand::MemoryProtect, payload);
+        let success = g_variant_get_boolean(reply);
+        g_variant_unref(reply);
+
+        if success != 0 {
+            flush_tlb_range(address as u64, size as u64);
+        }
+
+        success
+    }
+}
+
+// The host rewrites our page-table descriptors through the physical-memory
+// bridge, which leaves this CPU's TLB holding the stale translation. Stalker
+// flips a slab page RW then RX in place, so without this the freeze never takes
+// effect and executing the page faults with a permission abort.
+unsafe fn flush_tlb_range(address: u64, size: u64) {
+    unsafe {
+        let page_size = gum_query_page_size() as u64;
+        let start = address & !(page_size - 1);
+        let end = (address + size + page_size - 1) & !(page_size - 1);
+
+        core::arch::asm!("dsb ish", options(nostack, preserves_flags));
+        let mut va = start;
+        while va < end {
+            core::arch::asm!("tlbi vaae1is, {operand}", operand = in(reg) va >> 12,
+                options(nostack, preserves_flags));
+            va += page_size;
+        }
+        core::arch::asm!("dsb ish", "isb", options(nostack, preserves_flags));
+    }
 }

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
@@ -107,6 +267,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn gum_memory_allocate(
    unsafe {
        core::ptr::write_bytes(ptr, 0, size as usize);
        if (prot & _GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_EXECUTE) != 0 {
+            register_slab(ptr as u64, size as usize);
            gum_mprotect(ptr as gpointer, size, prot);
        }
    }
@@ -115,6 +276,19 @@ pub extern "C" fn gum_memory_allocate(

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn gum_memory_free(address: gpointer, size: gsize) -> gboolean {
+    // Executable slabs were flipped to RX in the page tables; restore RW before returning them to
+    // the allocator, otherwise the reclaimed pages stay non-writable and the next consumer faults.
+    if is_agent_slab(address as u64) {
+        unsafe {
+            gum_mprotect(
+                address,
+                size,
+                (_GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_READ | _GumPageProtection_GUM_PAGE_WRITE)
+                    as GumPageProtection,
+            );
+        }
+        unregister_slab(address as u64);
+    }
    crate::xnu::free(address as *mut u8, size as usize);
    1
 }
@@ -350,6 +524,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn gum_native_module_enumerate_exports(
                type_: export_type,
                name: g_strdup(symbol_ref.name_ptr()),
                address: symbol_ref.address(),
+                size: -1,
            };

            let should_continue =
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// Same 4-byte LE length-prefix framing as hostlink_virtio so the host-side
+// (yqv) protocol is identical across transports.
+
+use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use core::ffi::{c_int, c_void};
+use core::ptr;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use crate::xnu;
+
+const AF_VSOCK: c_int = 40;
+const SOCK_STREAM: c_int = 1;
+const VMADDR_CID_HOST: u32 = 2;
+
+const MSG_DONTWAIT: c_int = 0x80;
+
+// Darwin errno values for a non-blocking connect handshake that completes in the background.
+const EWOULDBLOCK: c_int = 35;
+const EINPROGRESS: c_int = 36;
+const EISCONN: c_int = 56;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct SockaddrVm {
+    svm_len: u8,
+    svm_family: u8,
+    svm_reserved1: u16,
+    svm_port: u32,
+    svm_cid: u32,
+    svm_zero: [u8; 4],
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct Iovec {
+    iov_base: *mut c_void,
+    iov_len: usize,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct Msghdr {
+    msg_name: *mut c_void,
+    msg_namelen: u32,
+    msg_iov: *mut Iovec,
+    msg_iovlen: c_int,
+    msg_control: *mut c_void,
+    msg_controllen: u32,
+    msg_flags: c_int,
+}
+
+type SocketT = *mut c_void;
+type SockUpcall = unsafe extern "C" fn(so: SocketT, cookie: *mut c_void, waitf: c_int);
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    static _sock_socket: unsafe extern "C" fn(
+        domain: c_int,
+        type_: c_int,
+        proto: c_int,
+        callback: Option<SockUpcall>,
+        cookie: *mut c_void,
+        new_so: *mut SocketT,
+    ) -> c_int;
+    static _sock_connect:
+        unsafe extern "C" fn(so: SocketT, to: *const c_void, flags: c_int) -> c_int;
+    static _sock_send: unsafe extern "C" fn(
+        so: SocketT,
+        msg: *const Msghdr,
+        flags: c_int,
+        sentlen: *mut usize,
+    ) -> c_int;
+    static _sock_receive: unsafe extern "C" fn(
+        so: SocketT,
+        msg: *mut Msghdr,
+        flags: c_int,
+        recvlen: *mut usize,
+    ) -> c_int;
+    static _sock_close: unsafe extern "C" fn(so: SocketT);
+}
+
+static UPCALL_PENDING: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
+
+struct Inner {
+    so: SocketT,
+    rx_lenbuf: [u8; 4],
+    rx_lenhave: usize,
+    rx_buf: Vec<u8>,
+    rx_have: usize,
+    rx_need: usize,
+}
+
+pub struct Hostlink {
+    state: UnsafeCell<Inner>,
+    on_rx: Option<fn(&[u8])>,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for Hostlink {}
+
+impl Hostlink {
+    pub fn init(
+        host_port: u32,
+        on_rx: Option<fn(&[u8])>,
+        wake_token: *const u8,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ()> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut so: SocketT = ptr::null_mut();
+            // The kernel invokes the sock_upcall via an authenticated branch (blraa, IA key)
+            // with the sock_upcall type discriminator, so the pointer must be signed to match.
+            let signed_upcall: SockUpcall =
+                core::mem::transmute(crate::pac::ptrauth_sign(upcall as *const u8, 0x12f7));
+            let rc = _sock_socket(
+                AF_VSOCK,
+                SOCK_STREAM,
+                0,
+                Some(signed_upcall),
+                wake_token as *mut c_void,
+                &mut so,
+            );
+            if rc != 0 || so.is_null() {
+                return Err(());
+            }
+
+            let addr = SockaddrVm {
+                svm_len: core::mem::size_of::<SockaddrVm>() as u8,
+                svm_family: AF_VSOCK as u8,
+                svm_reserved1: 0,
+                svm_port: host_port,
+                svm_cid: VMADDR_CID_HOST,
+                svm_zero: [0; 4],
+            };
+            // The KPI connect is asynchronous: it returns EWOULDBLOCK/EINPROGRESS and the
+            // handshake completes in the background once the host accepts. Re-calling connect to
+            // poll is invalid (it corrupts the connecting state), so accept the in-progress codes
+            // as success and let the main loop drive I/O once the link is up.
+            let rc = _sock_connect(so, &addr as *const _ as *const c_void, 0);
+            if rc != 0 && !matches!(rc, EWOULDBLOCK | EINPROGRESS | EISCONN) {
+                _sock_close(so);
+                return Err(());
+            }
+
+            Ok(Hostlink {
+                state: UnsafeCell::new(Inner {
+                    so,
+                    rx_lenbuf: [0; 4],
+                    rx_lenhave: 0,
+                    rx_buf: Vec::new(),
+                    rx_have: 0,
+                    rx_need: 0,
+                }),
+                on_rx,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn send(&self, payload: &[u8]) {
+        let s = unsafe { &*self.state.get() };
+        unsafe {
+            let len = payload.len() as u32;
+            let mut hdr = [
+                (len & 0xff) as u8,
+                ((len >> 8) & 0xff) as u8,
+                ((len >> 16) & 0xff) as u8,
+                ((len >> 24) & 0xff) as u8,
+            ];
+            let mut iov = [
+                Iovec {
+                    iov_base: hdr.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
+                    iov_len: 4,
+                },
+                Iovec {
+                    iov_base: payload.as_ptr() as *mut c_void,
+                    iov_len: payload.len(),
+                },
+            ];
+            let msg = Msghdr {
+                msg_name: ptr::null_mut(),
+                msg_namelen: 0,
+                msg_iov: iov.as_mut_ptr(),
+                msg_iovlen: 2,
+                msg_control: ptr::null_mut(),
+                msg_controllen: 0,
+                msg_flags: 0,
+            };
+            let mut sent: usize = 0;
+            let _ = _sock_send(s.so, &msg, 0, &mut sent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn process(&self) {
+        let s = unsafe { &mut *self.state.get() };
+        loop {
+            if s.rx_lenhave < 4 {
+                let lo = s.rx_lenhave;
+                let n = unsafe { recv_nonblocking(s.so, &mut s.rx_lenbuf[lo..4]) };
+                if n == 0 {
+                    return;
+                }
+                s.rx_lenhave += n;
+                if s.rx_lenhave < 4 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                s.rx_need = u32::from_le_bytes(s.rx_lenbuf) as usize;
+                s.rx_have = 0;
+                s.rx_buf.resize(s.rx_need, 0);
+            }
+
+            while s.rx_have < s.rx_need {
+                let lo = s.rx_have;
+                let hi = s.rx_need;
+                let n = unsafe { recv_nonblocking(s.so, &mut s.rx_buf[lo..hi]) };
+                if n == 0 {
+                    return;
+                }
+                s.rx_have += n;
+            }
+
+            // Detach the frame and reset receive state before dispatching: the callback may
+            // re-enter process() (a synchronous host RPC issued while handling a command), and
+            // it must start from a clean state instead of re-dispatching this same frame.
+            let frame = core::mem::take(&mut s.rx_buf);
+            let need = s.rx_need;
+            s.rx_lenhave = 0;
+            s.rx_have = 0;
+            s.rx_need = 0;
+
+            if let Some(cb) = self.on_rx {
+                cb(&frame[..need]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Hostlink {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let s = &*self.state.get();
+            _sock_close(s.so);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn recv_nonblocking(so: SocketT, dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    unsafe {
+        let mut iov = Iovec {
+            iov_base: dst.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
+            iov_len: dst.len(),
+        };
+        let mut msg = Msghdr {
+            msg_name: ptr::null_mut(),
+            msg_namelen: 0,
+            msg_iov: &mut iov,
+            msg_iovlen: 1,
+            msg_control: ptr::null_mut(),
+            msg_controllen: 0,
+            msg_flags: 0,
+        };
+        let mut got: usize = 0;
+        let _ = _sock_receive(so, &mut msg, MSG_DONTWAIT, &mut got);
+        got
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn upcall(_so: SocketT, cookie: *mut c_void, _waitf: c_int) {
+    UPCALL_PENDING.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+    if !cookie.is_null() {
+        xnu::thread_wakeup(cookie as *const u8);
+    }
+}
@@ -138,6 +138,13 @@ pub extern "C" fn _unlink(_path: *const u8) -> i32 {
    -1
 }

+// GLib's g_get_num_processors() probes this; report a single CPU so the
+// parallel scanners fall back to their inline path.
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn sysconf(_name: i32) -> isize {
+    1
+}
+
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn __clear_cache(_start: *const u8, _end: *const u8) {
    // On AArch64, we need to flush the instruction cache
@@ -15,21 +15,23 @@ use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use bindings::{
    GBytes, GCancellable, GError, GVariant, GVariantIter, GumScript, g_error_free, g_free,
    g_main_context_default, g_main_context_iteration, g_memdup2, g_object_unref,
-    g_variant_check_format_string, g_variant_get, g_variant_get_child_value, g_variant_get_data,
-    g_variant_get_size, g_variant_get_string, g_variant_get_uint32, g_variant_get_uint64,
-    g_variant_iter_init, g_variant_iter_next, g_variant_new, g_variant_new_from_data,
-    g_variant_new_string, g_variant_new_tuple, g_variant_new_uint32, g_variant_type_free,
-    g_variant_type_new, g_variant_unref, gchar, gpointer, gsize, gum_script_backend_create_sync,
-    gum_script_backend_obtain_qjs, gum_script_load_sync, gum_script_post,
-    gum_script_set_message_handler, gum_script_unload_sync,
+    g_variant_check_format_string, g_variant_get, g_variant_get_byte, g_variant_get_child_value,
+    g_variant_get_data, g_variant_get_size, g_variant_get_string, g_variant_get_uint32,
+    g_variant_get_uint64, g_variant_get_variant, g_variant_iter_init, g_variant_iter_next,
+    g_variant_new, g_variant_new_from_data, g_variant_new_string, g_variant_new_tuple,
+    g_variant_new_uint32, g_variant_type_free, g_variant_type_new, g_variant_unref, gchar,
+    gpointer, gsize, gum_script_backend_create_sync, gum_script_backend_obtain_qjs,
+    gum_script_get_stalker, gum_script_load_sync, gum_script_post, gum_script_set_message_handler,
+    gum_script_unload_sync, gum_stalker_exclude, GumMemoryRange,
 };
-use hostlink_virtio::Hostlink;
 use symbols::SymbolTable;

+mod ffi;
 mod glib;
 mod gthread;
 mod gum;
 mod hostlink_virtio;
+mod hostlink_vsock;

 mod libc;
 mod pac;
@@ -55,6 +57,9 @@ pub enum FridaCommand {
    LoadScript = 2,
    DestroyScript = 3,
    PostScriptMessage = 4,
+    RemapWritablePages = 5,
+    MemoryProtect = 6,
+    PatchCode = 7,

    Reply = 128,
    ScriptMessage = 129,
@@ -67,6 +72,9 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for FridaCommand {
            FridaCommand::LoadScript => write!(f, "LoadScript"),
            FridaCommand::DestroyScript => write!(f, "DestroyScript"),
            FridaCommand::PostScriptMessage => write!(f, "PostScriptMessage"),
+            FridaCommand::RemapWritablePages => write!(f, "RemapWritablePages"),
+            FridaCommand::MemoryProtect => write!(f, "MemoryProtect"),
+            FridaCommand::PatchCode => write!(f, "PatchCode"),
            FridaCommand::Reply => write!(f, "Reply"),
            FridaCommand::ScriptMessage => write!(f, "ScriptMessage"),
        }
@@ -103,10 +111,36 @@ static mut CONFIG_DATA: &'static [u8] = &[];
 pub static mut MODULE_INFO: Vec<ModuleInfo> = Vec::new();
 pub static mut SYMBOL_TABLE: SymbolTable = SymbolTable::empty();

-static mut TRANSPORT_DRIVER: *mut Hostlink = core::ptr::null_mut();
+pub enum Transport {
+    Virtio(hostlink_virtio::Hostlink),
+    Vsock(hostlink_vsock::Hostlink),
+}
+
+impl Transport {
+    pub fn send(&self, payload: &[u8]) {
+        match self {
+            Transport::Virtio(h) => h.send(payload),
+            Transport::Vsock(h) => h.send(payload),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn process(&self) {
+        match self {
+            Transport::Virtio(h) => h.process(),
+            Transport::Vsock(h) => h.process(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum TransportConfig {
+    Virtio { mmio: u64, irq: u32 },
+    Vsock { host_port: u32 },
+}
+
+static mut TRANSPORT_DRIVER: *mut Transport = core::ptr::null_mut();

 #[inline(always)]
-fn transport_set(driver: Hostlink) {
+fn transport_set(driver: Transport) {
    unsafe {
        let boxed = Box::into_raw(Box::new(driver));
        TRANSPORT_DRIVER = boxed;
@@ -114,15 +148,27 @@ fn transport_set(driver: Hostlink) {
 }

 #[inline(always)]
-fn transport_get_unchecked() -> &'static Hostlink {
+fn transport_get_unchecked() -> &'static Transport {
    unsafe {
        debug_assert!(!TRANSPORT_DRIVER.is_null());
        &*TRANSPORT_DRIVER
    }
 }

+#[inline(always)]
+fn transport_is_up() -> bool {
+    unsafe { !TRANSPORT_DRIVER.is_null() }
+}
+
 static mut SCRIPTS: BTreeMap<u32, *mut GumScript> = BTreeMap::new();
 static NEXT_SCRIPT_ID: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(1);
+static mut OWN_RANGE: GumMemoryRange = GumMemoryRange {
+    base_address: 0,
+    size: 0,
+};
+
+static NEXT_REQUEST_ID: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(1);
+static mut PENDING_REPLIES: BTreeMap<u16, *mut GVariant> = BTreeMap::new();

 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ModuleInfo {
@@ -137,33 +183,51 @@ pub struct ModuleInfo {
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub unsafe extern "C" fn _start(config_data: *const u8, config_size: usize) {
    unsafe {
+        xnu::io_log("frida: _start entry\n\0");
        CONFIG_DATA = core::slice::from_raw_parts(config_data, config_size);
+        xnu::io_log("frida: _start config stored\n\0");

-        xnu::kernel_thread_start(frida_agent_worker, 12345usize as *mut core::ffi::c_void);
+        let _r = xnu::kernel_thread_start(frida_agent_worker, 12345usize as *mut core::ffi::c_void);
    }
 }

+// KNOWN ISSUE (vphone research kernel): the worker panics during gum_init_embedded with
+// "debug exceptions enabled in kernel mode". The worker itself is healthy — it runs with
+// PSTATE.D=1 (debug masked) throughout. The panic is the research kernel's synchronous-
+// exception handler reacting to ANY exception the agent takes in kernel mode while the VZ
+// debug stub is active. Two confirmed sources: (1) the host's breakpoint-based Callbacks
+// patch BRK at gum_try_mprotect/remap, and the BRK is a debug exception; (2) a stray jump
+// into the agent's data region during GObject init (instruction abort) — looks like a
+// misapplied relocation for a function pointer stored in .data/.rodata.
 unsafe extern "C" fn frida_agent_worker(_parameter: *mut core::ffi::c_void, _wait_result: i32) {
    unsafe {
+        xnu::io_log("frida: worker entry\n\0");
        bindings::g_set_panic_handler(Some(frida_panic_handler), ptr::null_mut());
        bindings::gum_init_embedded();
+        xnu::io_log("frida: gum_init_embedded done\n\0");
        bindings::g_log_set_default_handler(Some(frida_log_handler), ptr::null_mut());

-        let (mmio, irq, kernel_base, module_info, symbol_table) =
+        let (transport_config, kernel_base, module_info, symbol_table, own_range) =
            parse_config(core::ptr::addr_of!(CONFIG_DATA).read());
        xnu::set_kernel_base(kernel_base);
        MODULE_INFO = module_info;
        SYMBOL_TABLE = symbol_table;
+        OWN_RANGE = own_range;
+        xnu::io_log("frida: config parsed, init transport\n\0");

-        transport_set(
-            Hostlink::init(
-                mmio,
-                irq,
-                Some(on_frame_from_host),
-                ptr::addr_of_mut!(glib::WAKEUP_TOKEN) as *const u8,
-            )
-            .unwrap(),
-        );
+        let wake_token = ptr::addr_of_mut!(glib::WAKEUP_TOKEN) as *const u8;
+        let transport = match transport_config {
+            TransportConfig::Virtio { mmio, irq } => Transport::Virtio(
+                hostlink_virtio::Hostlink::init(mmio, irq, Some(on_frame_from_host), wake_token)
+                    .unwrap(),
+            ),
+            TransportConfig::Vsock { host_port } => Transport::Vsock(
+                hostlink_vsock::Hostlink::init(host_port, Some(on_frame_from_host), wake_token)
+                    .unwrap(),
+            ),
+        };
+        transport_set(transport);
+        xnu::io_log("frida: transport up, entering main loop\n\0");

        let main_context = g_main_context_default();

@@ -183,9 +247,11 @@ fn on_frame_from_host(frame: &[u8]) {
    }
 }

-unsafe fn parse_config(config: &[u8]) -> (u64, u32, u64, Vec<ModuleInfo>, SymbolTable) {
+unsafe fn parse_config(
+    config: &[u8],
+) -> (TransportConfig, u64, Vec<ModuleInfo>, SymbolTable, GumMemoryRange) {
    unsafe {
-        let type_string = c"(tuta(ssuuuu)ay)".as_ptr() as *const gchar;
+        let type_string = c"((tt)yvta(ssuuuu)ay)".as_ptr() as *const gchar;
        let variant_type = g_variant_type_new(type_string);

        let root_variant = g_variant_new_from_data(
@@ -197,17 +263,36 @@ unsafe fn parse_config(config: &[u8]) -> (u64, u32, u64, Vec<ModuleInfo>, Symbol
            ptr::null_mut(),
        );

-        let hostlink_mmio_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 0);
-        let hostlink_mmio = g_variant_get_uint64(hostlink_mmio_variant);
+        let transport_kind_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 1);
+        let transport_kind = g_variant_get_byte(transport_kind_variant);

-        let hostlink_irq_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 1);
-        let hostlink_irq = g_variant_get_uint32(hostlink_irq_variant);
+        let transport_cfg_outer = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 2);
+        let transport_cfg_inner = g_variant_get_variant(transport_cfg_outer);
+        let transport_config = match transport_kind {
+            0 => {
+                let mmio_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(transport_cfg_inner, 0);
+                let mmio = g_variant_get_uint64(mmio_variant);
+                let irq_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(transport_cfg_inner, 1);
+                let irq = g_variant_get_uint32(irq_variant);
+                g_variant_unref(irq_variant);
+                g_variant_unref(mmio_variant);
+                TransportConfig::Virtio { mmio, irq }
+            }
+            1 => {
+                let host_port = g_variant_get_uint32(transport_cfg_inner);
+                TransportConfig::Vsock { host_port }
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Unsupported transport kind: {}", transport_kind),
+        };
+        g_variant_unref(transport_cfg_inner);
+        g_variant_unref(transport_cfg_outer);
+        g_variant_unref(transport_kind_variant);

-        let kernel_base_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 2);
+        let kernel_base_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 3);
        let kernel_base = g_variant_get_uint64(kernel_base_variant);
        xnu::set_kernel_base(kernel_base);

-        let module_info_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 3);
+        let module_info_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 4);
        let mut iter: GVariantIter = core::mem::zeroed();
        g_variant_iter_init(&mut iter as *mut GVariantIter, module_info_variant);

@@ -239,7 +324,7 @@ unsafe fn parse_config(config: &[u8]) -> (u64, u32, u64, Vec<ModuleInfo>, Symbol
            });
        }

-        let symbol_array_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 4);
+        let symbol_array_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 5);
        let symbol_data_ptr = g_variant_get_data(symbol_array_variant) as *const u8;
        let symbol_data_size = g_variant_get_size(symbol_array_variant) as usize;
        let symbol_table = SymbolTable::new(core::slice::from_raw_parts(
@@ -247,21 +332,28 @@ unsafe fn parse_config(config: &[u8]) -> (u64, u32, u64, Vec<ModuleInfo>, Symbol
            symbol_data_size,
        ));

+        let own_range_variant = g_variant_get_child_value(root_variant, 0);
+        let mut own_base: u64 = 0;
+        let mut own_size: u64 = 0;
+        g_variant_get(
+            own_range_variant,
+            c"(tt)".as_ptr(),
+            &mut own_base,
+            &mut own_size,
+        );
+        let own_range = GumMemoryRange {
+            base_address: own_base,
+            size: own_size as gsize,
+        };
+
+        g_variant_unref(own_range_variant);
        g_variant_unref(symbol_array_variant);
        g_variant_unref(module_info_variant);
        g_variant_unref(kernel_base_variant);
-        g_variant_unref(hostlink_irq_variant);
-        g_variant_unref(hostlink_mmio_variant);
        g_variant_unref(root_variant);
        g_variant_type_free(variant_type);

-        (
-            hostlink_mmio,
-            hostlink_irq,
-            kernel_base,
-            module_info,
-            symbol_table,
-        )
+        (transport_config, kernel_base, module_info, symbol_table, own_range)
    }
 }

@@ -325,6 +417,16 @@ fn process_incoming_message(variant: *mut GVariant) {
            core::mem::transmute::<u8, FridaCommand>(cmd_value)
        };

+        if cmd == FridaCommand::Reply {
+            unsafe {
+                core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(PENDING_REPLIES)
+                    .as_mut()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .insert(request_id, payload_variant);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
        let response = match cmd {
            FridaCommand::CreateScript => handle_create_script(payload_variant),
            FridaCommand::LoadScript => handle_load_script(payload_variant),
@@ -356,6 +458,41 @@ fn send_command_reply(request_id: u16, response: HandlerResponse) {
    }
 }

+pub fn host_rpc(command: FridaCommand, payload: *mut GVariant) -> *mut GVariant {
+    unsafe {
+        let request_id = NEXT_REQUEST_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) as u16;
+        let message = g_variant_new(
+            c"(yqv)".as_ptr(),
+            command as u8 as u32,
+            request_id as u32,
+            payload,
+        );
+        let transport = transport_get_unchecked();
+        transport.send(&serialize_message(message).unwrap());
+        g_variant_unref(message);
+
+        let wait_event = ptr::addr_of_mut!(glib::WAKEUP_TOKEN) as *const u8;
+        loop {
+            xnu::assert_wait(wait_event, xnu::THREAD_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+            transport.process();
+            if let Some(reply) = take_pending_reply(request_id) {
+                xnu::thread_wakeup(wait_event);
+                return reply;
+            }
+            xnu::thread_block(None);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn take_pending_reply(request_id: u16) -> Option<*mut GVariant> {
+    unsafe {
+        core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(PENDING_REPLIES)
+            .as_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .remove(&request_id)
+    }
+}
+
 fn handle_create_script(payload_variant: *mut GVariant) -> HandlerResponse {
    unsafe {
        if g_variant_check_format_string(payload_variant, c"s".as_ptr(), 0) == 0 {
@@ -383,6 +520,8 @@ fn handle_create_script(payload_variant: *mut GVariant) -> HandlerResponse {
            return HandlerResponse::error(&error_string);
        }

+        exclude_own_range_from_stalker(script);
+
        let script_id = NEXT_SCRIPT_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);

        let script_id_ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::new(script_id));
@@ -402,6 +541,16 @@ fn handle_create_script(payload_variant: *mut GVariant) -> HandlerResponse {
    }
 }

+// Stalker must not instrument our own runtime: when it follows the current
+// thread into the hostlink transport it would deadlock on the locks that the
+// RPC it depends on is holding. The host injected the image, so it tells us our
+// range as part of the config.
+unsafe fn exclude_own_range_from_stalker(script: *mut GumScript) {
+    unsafe {
+        gum_stalker_exclude(gum_script_get_stalker(script), core::ptr::addr_of!(OWN_RANGE));
+    }
+}
+
 unsafe extern "C" fn frida_message_handler(
    message: *const gchar,
    _data: *mut GBytes,
@@ -16,14 +16,21 @@ type ContinuationFn = unsafe extern "C" fn(_parameter: *mut c_void, _wait_result
 unsafe extern "C" {
    static _panic: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8);
    static _IOLog: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8, ...);
-    static _kalloc: unsafe extern "C" fn(usize) -> *mut u8;
-    static _kfree: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut u8, usize) -> *mut u8;
+    // QEMU XNU exports plain kalloc/kfree; iOS XNU exports kalloc_data/kfree_data
+    // (modern data-typed allocator KPIs). The host fills in whichever pair the
+    // running kernel provides; the other slot stays null.
+    static _kalloc: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(usize) -> *mut u8>;
+    static _kfree: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut u8, usize) -> *mut u8>;
+    static _kalloc_data: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(usize, u32) -> *mut u8>;
+    static _kfree_data: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut u8, usize)>;
    static _kernel_thread_start:
        unsafe extern "C" fn(*const (), *mut c_void, *mut *mut c_void) -> isize;
    static _assert_wait: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8, u32) -> i32;
    static _assert_wait_timeout: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8, u32, u32, u32) -> i32;
    static _thread_block: unsafe extern "C" fn(Option<ContinuationFn>) -> i32;
-    static _thread_wakeup: unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8) -> i32;
+    // QEMU XNU exports thread_wakeup; iOS XNU exports the BSD-style wakeup wrapper.
+    static _thread_wakeup: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8) -> i32>;
+    static _wakeup: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(*const u8)>;
    static _mach_absolute_time: unsafe extern "C" fn() -> u64;
    static _absolutetime_to_nanoseconds: unsafe extern "C" fn(u64, *mut u64);
    static _clock_get_calendar_microtime: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut u32, *mut u32);
@@ -53,13 +60,28 @@ pub fn io_log(msg: &str) {
    }
 }

+// Z_WAITOK (modern XNU): block until allocation succeeds.
+const Z_WAITOK: u32 = 0x0200;
+
 pub fn kalloc(size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
-    unsafe { _kalloc(size) }
+    unsafe {
+        if let Some(f) = _kalloc_data {
+            f(size, Z_WAITOK)
+        } else if let Some(f) = _kalloc {
+            f(size)
+        } else {
+            core::ptr::null_mut()
+        }
+    }
 }

 pub fn free(ptr: *mut u8, size: usize) {
    unsafe {
-        _kfree(ptr, size);
+        if let Some(f) = _kfree_data {
+            f(ptr, size);
+        } else if let Some(f) = _kfree {
+            f(ptr, size);
+        }
    }
 }

@@ -97,7 +119,16 @@ pub fn thread_block(continuation: Option<ContinuationFn>) -> i32 {
 }

 pub fn thread_wakeup(event: *const u8) -> i32 {
-    unsafe { _thread_wakeup(event) }
+    unsafe {
+        if let Some(f) = _thread_wakeup {
+            f(event)
+        } else if let Some(f) = _wakeup {
+            f(event);
+            0
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    }
 }

 pub fn mach_absolute_time() -> u64 {
@@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}

 		public async Allocation allocate (size_t size, size_t alignment, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			uint64 address = yield machine.invoke (config.alloc_function.address, { size }, cancellable);
+			uint64 address = yield machine.invoke (config.alloc_function.address, { size, config.alloc_flags },
+				cancellable);

 			// TODO: Handle alignment.

@@ -14,6 +14,24 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			get { return "tiny"; }
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Return-detection landing zone for invoke(). Defaults to the hijacked thread's own pc, but
+		 * that address is typically a hot scheduler routine (thread_block) which every other thread
+		 * also trips, drowning out our thread's return. Point this at a function that is never called
+		 * during normal operation (e.g. panic) so only our returning thread stops here.
+		 */
+		public uint64 call_landing_zone = 0;
+
+		public PhysicalMemory? physical_memory;
+
+		// The kernel's MMU registers (TTBR1, TCR) are fixed, so cache them from the first read
+		// (taken while the target is stopped) to serve later page-table work over the bridge
+		// without halting the running agent.
+		private MMUParameters? cached_mmu_parameters;
+
+		private uint64 code_template_descriptor;
+		private bool code_template_known = false;
+
 		private enum AddressingMode {
 			VIRTUAL,
 			PHYSICAL
@@ -37,7 +55,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}

 		public async size_t query_page_size (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			MMUParameters p = yield MMUParameters.load (gdb, cancellable);
+			MMUParameters p = yield load_mmu_parameters (cancellable);

 			return p.granule;
 		}
@@ -84,7 +102,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		private async void collect_ranges_in_table (uint64 table_address, uint level, uint64 upper_bits, MMUParameters p,
 				Gee.List<RangeDetails> ranges, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			uint max_entries = compute_max_entries (level, p);
-			Buffer entries = yield gdb.read_buffer (table_address, max_entries * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+			Buffer entries = yield read_physical_buffer (table_address, max_entries * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
 			uint shift = address_shift_at_level (level, p.granule);
 			for (uint i = 0; i != max_entries; i++) {
 				uint64 raw_descriptor = entries.read_uint64 (i * Descriptor.SIZE);
@@ -165,9 +183,13 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 		public async Allocation allocate_pages (Gee.List<uint64?> physical_addresses, Cancellable? cancellable)
 				throws Error, IOError {
-			MMUParameters p = yield MMUParameters.load (gdb, cancellable);
+			MMUParameters p = yield load_mmu_parameters (cancellable);

-			yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
+			// The bridge reads and writes guest physical memory directly, so the stub's
+			// physical-addressing mode (which requires a halted target) is unnecessary.
+			bool needs_stub_addressing = physical_memory == null;
+			if (needs_stub_addressing)
+				yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
 			try {
 				Allocation? allocation = yield maybe_insert_descriptor_in_table (physical_addresses, p.tt1, p.first_level,
 					p.upper_bits, p, cancellable);
@@ -176,7 +198,8 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 				return allocation;
 			} finally {
-				set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
+				if (needs_stub_addressing)
+					set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
 			}
 		}

@@ -196,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				uint64 chunk_base_address = table_address + (chunk_offset * Descriptor.SIZE);
 				uint chunk_size = uint.min (chunk_max_size, max_entries - chunk_offset);

-				Buffer descriptors = yield gdb.read_buffer (chunk_base_address, chunk_size * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+				Buffer descriptors = yield read_physical_buffer (chunk_base_address, chunk_size * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
 				for (uint i = 0; i != chunk_size && num_available_slots != num_pages; i++) {
 					uint buffer_offset = i * Descriptor.SIZE;
 					uint64 raw_descriptor = descriptors.read_uint64 (buffer_offset);
@@ -238,7 +261,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				return null;

 			Gum.PageProtection page_prot = Gum.PageProtection.READ | Gum.PageProtection.WRITE;
-			if (!p.sprr_enabled)
+			if (!p.sprr_enabled && !code_template_known)
 				page_prot |= Gum.PageProtection.EXECUTE;

 			var builder = gdb.make_buffer_builder ();
@@ -248,18 +271,118 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				builder.append_uint64 (new_descriptor);
 			}
 			Bytes new_descriptors = builder.build ();
-			Bytes old_descriptors = yield gdb.read_byte_array (first_available_slot, new_descriptors.get_size (), cancellable);
-			yield gdb.write_byte_array (first_available_slot, new_descriptors, cancellable);
+			Bytes old_descriptors = (yield read_physical_buffer (first_available_slot, new_descriptors.get_size (),
+				cancellable)).bytes;
+			yield write_physical_buffer (first_available_slot, new_descriptors, cancellable);

 			size_t size = num_pages * p.granule;
 			return new DescriptorAllocation (first_available_va, size, first_available_slot, old_descriptors, gdb);
 		}

+		// The VZ kernel GDB stub does not expose the SPRR registers, so we cannot read the
+		// permission-remapping table that turns a descriptor's AP/XN bits into real access rights.
+		// Granting execute is the case that genuinely needs the right SPRR index, so we sample a
+		// known kernel-code page and replay its exact attribute encoding onto agent text; the
+		// read-only/read-write encodings the AP bits already give us continue to work as-is.
+		public async void learn_permission_templates (uint64 code_va, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			code_template_descriptor = yield read_level3_descriptor (code_va, cancellable);
+			code_template_known = true;
+		}
+
+		public async uint64 translate_address (uint64 va, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			MMUParameters p = yield load_mmu_parameters (cancellable);
+			uint64 descriptor = yield read_level3_descriptor (va, cancellable);
+			uint64 page_mask = (1ULL << inpage_bits_for_granule (p.granule)) - 1;
+			return (descriptor & INT48_MASK & ~page_mask) | (va & page_mask);
+		}
+
+		public override async void write_virtual (uint64 va, uint8[] data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (physical_memory == null) {
+				yield gdb.write_byte_array (va, new Bytes (data), cancellable);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			MMUParameters p = yield MMUParameters.load (gdb, cancellable);
+			size_t offset = 0;
+			while (offset < data.length) {
+				uint64 cur_va = va + offset;
+				uint64 pa = yield translate_address (cur_va, cancellable);
+				size_t chunk = size_t.min ((size_t) (p.granule - (cur_va & (p.granule - 1))), data.length - offset);
+				physical_memory.write (pa, data[offset : offset + chunk]);
+				offset += chunk;
+			}
+		}
+
+		private async Buffer read_physical_buffer (uint64 pa, size_t size, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (physical_memory != null && physical_memory.contains (pa))
+				return gdb.make_buffer (new Bytes (physical_memory.read (pa, size)));
+			return yield gdb.read_buffer (pa, size, cancellable);
+		}
+
+		private async void write_physical_buffer (uint64 pa, Bytes data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (physical_memory != null && physical_memory.contains (pa)) {
+				physical_memory.write (pa, data.get_data ());
+				return;
+			}
+			yield gdb.write_byte_array (pa, data, cancellable);
+		}
+
+		public async uint8[] read_physical (uint64 pa, size_t size, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (physical_memory != null && physical_memory.contains (pa))
+				return physical_memory.read (pa, size);
+			return yield read_physical_via_stub (pa, size, cancellable);
+		}
+
+		public async void write_physical (uint64 pa, uint8[] data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (physical_memory != null && physical_memory.contains (pa)) {
+				physical_memory.write (pa, data);
+				return;
+			}
+			yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
+			try {
+				yield gdb.write_byte_array (pa, new Bytes (data), cancellable);
+			} finally {
+				set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public async uint8[] read_physical_via_stub (uint64 pa, size_t size, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
+			try {
+				return (yield gdb.read_byte_array (pa, size, cancellable)).get_data ();
+			} finally {
+				set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public async uint64 read_level3_descriptor (uint64 va, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			MMUParameters p = yield load_mmu_parameters (cancellable);
+			bool needs_stub_addressing = physical_memory == null;
+			if (needs_stub_addressing)
+				yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
+			try {
+				var cache = new TableWalkCache ();
+				uint64 table_pa = yield find_level3_table (va, p, cache, cancellable);
+				uint index_bits = num_address_bits_at_level (3, p);
+				uint index_shift = inpage_bits_for_granule (p.granule);
+				uint index_mask = (1U << index_bits) - 1;
+				uint64 index = (va >> index_shift) & index_mask;
+				uint64 slot_pa = table_pa + (index * Descriptor.SIZE);
+				var buf = yield read_physical_buffer (slot_pa, Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+				return buf.read_uint64 (0);
+			} finally {
+				if (needs_stub_addressing)
+					set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
+			}
+		}
+
 		public async void protect_pages (uint64 virtual_address, size_t size, Gum.PageProtection prot, Cancellable? cancellable)
 				throws Error, IOError {
-			MMUParameters p = yield MMUParameters.load (gdb, cancellable);
+			MMUParameters p = yield load_mmu_parameters (cancellable);

-			yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
+			bool needs_stub_addressing = physical_memory == null;
+			if (needs_stub_addressing)
+				yield set_addressing_mode (gdb, PHYSICAL, cancellable);
 			try {
 				uint64 page_mask = p.granule - 1;
 				uint64 aligned_va = virtual_address & ~page_mask;
@@ -268,10 +391,17 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 				yield perform_protect_pages (aligned_va, num_pages, prot, p, cancellable);
 			} finally {
-				set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
+				if (needs_stub_addressing)
+					set_addressing_mode.begin (gdb, VIRTUAL, null);
 			}
 		}

+		private async MMUParameters load_mmu_parameters (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			if (cached_mmu_parameters == null)
+				cached_mmu_parameters = yield MMUParameters.load (gdb, cancellable);
+			return cached_mmu_parameters;
+		}
+
 		private async void perform_protect_pages (uint64 start_va, uint num_pages, Gum.PageProtection prot, MMUParameters p,
 				Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			var table_cache = new TableWalkCache ();
@@ -313,7 +443,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			uint64 first_index = (current_va >> index_shift) & index_mask;
 			uint64 first_slot_pa = table_pa + (first_index * Descriptor.SIZE);

-			Buffer descriptors = yield gdb.read_buffer (first_slot_pa, batch_size * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+			Buffer descriptors = yield read_physical_buffer (first_slot_pa, batch_size * Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);

 			bool any_changed = false;
 			for (uint i = 0; i != batch_size; i++) {
@@ -327,7 +457,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			}

 			if (any_changed)
-				yield gdb.write_byte_array (first_slot_pa, descriptors.bytes, cancellable);
+				yield write_physical_buffer (first_slot_pa, descriptors.bytes, cancellable);
 		}

 		private async uint64 find_level3_table (uint64 va, MMUParameters p, TableWalkCache cache, Cancellable? cancellable)
@@ -352,7 +482,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				uint index = (uint) ((va >> shift) & (entries - 1));
 				uint64 slot_pa = table_pa + ((uint64) index * Descriptor.SIZE);

-				Buffer d_buf = yield gdb.read_buffer (slot_pa, Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+				Buffer d_buf = yield read_physical_buffer (slot_pa, Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
 				uint64 raw = d_buf.read_uint64 (0);
 				Descriptor desc = Descriptor.parse (raw, level, p.granule);

@@ -375,7 +505,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				uint index = (uint) ((va >> shift) & (entries - 1));
 				uint64 slot_pa = table_pa + (index * Descriptor.SIZE);

-				Buffer d_buf = yield gdb.read_buffer (slot_pa, Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
+				Buffer d_buf = yield read_physical_buffer (slot_pa, Descriptor.SIZE, cancellable);
 				uint64 raw_desc = d_buf.read_uint64 (0);
 				Descriptor desc = Descriptor.parse (raw_desc, level, p.granule);
 				if (desc.kind != TABLE)
@@ -384,7 +514,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 				if ((raw_desc & TABLE_PXN_BIT) != 0) {
 					uint64 new_desc = raw_desc & ~TABLE_PXN_BIT;
 					d_buf.write_uint64 (0, new_desc);
-					yield gdb.write_byte_array (slot_pa, d_buf.bytes, cancellable);
+					yield write_physical_buffer (slot_pa, d_buf.bytes, cancellable);
 				}

 				table_pa = desc.target_address;
@@ -557,7 +687,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			Gum.ElfArm64Relocation type = (Gum.ElfArm64Relocation) r.type;
 			switch (type) {
 				case ABS64:
-					relocated.write_uint64 ((size_t) r.address, base_va + r.symbol.address + r.addend);
+					relocated.write_uint64 ((size_t) r.address, base_va + relocated.read_uint64 ((size_t) r.address));
 					break;
 				case PREL32:
 					var diff = (int64) (base_va + r.symbol.address + r.addend) - (int64) (base_va + r.address);
@@ -585,8 +715,11 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 			regs["pc"] = impl;

-			uint64 landing_zone = saved_regs["pc"].get_uint64 ();
+			uint64 landing_zone = (call_landing_zone != 0) ? call_landing_zone : saved_regs["pc"].get_uint64 ();
+			// The VZ stub exposes "lr" and "x30" as distinct registers; the live link register is
+			// "lr", so the return address must be written there for the callee's RET to land here.
 			regs["x30"] = landing_zone;
+			regs["lr"] = landing_zone;

 			uint64 sp = saved_regs["sp"].get_uint64 ();
 			sp -= RED_ZONE_SIZE;
@@ -597,17 +730,21 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 			yield thread.write_registers (regs, cancellable);

+			// The callee may reschedule (e.g. kernel_thread_start) onto another core, and the
+			// stub identifies threads by core; matching the original core's id would strand the
+			// call and clobber that core's now-unrelated thread. Nothing else reaches the landing
+			// zone, so any thread stopping there is ours.
 			GDB.Breakpoint bp = yield gdb.add_breakpoint (SOFT, landing_zone, 4, cancellable);
 			GDB.Exception ex = null;
 			do {
 				ex = yield gdb.continue_until_exception (cancellable);
-			} while (ex.breakpoint != bp || ex.thread.id != thread.id);
-			// TODO: Improve GDB.Client to guarantee a single GDB.Thread instance per ID.
+			} while (ex.breakpoint != bp);
 			yield bp.remove (cancellable);

-			uint64 retval = yield thread.read_register ("x0", cancellable);
+			GDB.Thread landed = ex.thread;
+			uint64 retval = yield landed.read_register ("x0", cancellable);

-			yield thread.write_registers (saved_regs, cancellable);
+			yield landed.write_registers (saved_regs, cancellable);

 			if (was_running)
 				yield gdb.continue (cancellable);
@@ -630,15 +767,16 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 			yield thread.write_registers (regs, cancellable);

+			// As in invoke(): the executed code may migrate our thread to another core,
+			// so match on the end breakpoint alone and finish on the core it landed on.
 			GDB.Breakpoint bp = yield gdb.add_breakpoint (SOFT, end, 4, cancellable);
 			GDB.Exception ex = null;
 			do {
 				ex = yield gdb.continue_until_exception (cancellable);
-			} while (ex.breakpoint != bp || ex.thread.id != thread.id);
-			// TODO: Improve GDB.Client to guarantee a single GDB.Thread instance per ID.
+			} while (ex.breakpoint != bp);
 			yield bp.remove (cancellable);

-			yield thread.write_registers (saved_regs, cancellable);
+			yield ex.thread.write_registers (saved_regs, cancellable);

 			if (was_running)
 				yield gdb.continue (cancellable);
@@ -916,8 +1054,11 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		private static async void set_addressing_mode (GDB.Client gdb, AddressingMode mode, Cancellable? cancellable)
 				throws Error, IOError {
 			Gee.Set<string> features = gdb.features;
+			string enabled = (mode == PHYSICAL) ? "1" : "0";
 			if ("qemu-phy-mem-mode" in features)
-				yield gdb.execute_simple ("Qqemu.PhyMemMode:" + ((mode == PHYSICAL) ? "1" : "0"), cancellable);
+				yield gdb.execute_simple ("Qqemu.PhyMemMode:" + enabled, cancellable);
+			else if ("vf-phy-mem-mode" in features)
+				yield gdb.execute_simple ("Qvf.PhyMemMode:" + enabled, cancellable);
 			else
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unsupported GDB remote stub; please file a bug");
 		}
@@ -1276,7 +1417,11 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			return prot;
 		}

-		private static uint64 apply_protection_bits (uint64 descriptor, Gum.PageProtection prot, MMUParameters p) throws Error {
+		private uint64 apply_protection_bits (uint64 descriptor, Gum.PageProtection prot, MMUParameters p) throws Error {
+			bool want_exec = (prot & Gum.PageProtection.EXECUTE) != 0;
+			if (want_exec && code_template_known)
+				return apply_code_template (descriptor, p);
+
 			uint64 result = descriptor;

 			if (p.sprr_enabled) {
@@ -1289,6 +1434,13 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			return result;
 		}

+		// Keep the page's own output address but adopt every attribute bit (the AP/XN SPRR index,
+		// memory type, shareability) from a sampled kernel-code page so the MMU grants EL1 execute.
+		private uint64 apply_code_template (uint64 descriptor, MMUParameters p) {
+			uint64 output_address_mask = INT48_MASK & ~((1ULL << inpage_bits_for_granule (p.granule)) - 1);
+			return (descriptor & output_address_mask) | (code_template_descriptor & ~output_address_mask);
+		}
+
 		private static uint64 apply_non_sprr_protection_bits (uint64 descriptor, Gum.PageProtection prot) {
 			uint64 result = descriptor;

@@ -14,15 +14,21 @@ namespace Frida {

 	public sealed class BareboneHostSessionProvider : Object, HostSessionProvider {
 		public string id {
-			get { return "barebone"; }
+			get {
+				return "barebone";
+			}
 		}

 		public string name {
-			get { return "GDB Remote Stub"; }
+			get {
+				return "GDB Remote Stub";
+			}
 		}

 		public Variant? icon {
-			get { return null; }
+			get {
+				return _icon;
+			}
 		}

 		public HostSessionProviderKind kind {
@@ -31,8 +37,13 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

+		private static Variant _icon;
 		private BareboneHostSession? host_session;

+		static construct {
+			_icon = make_provider_icon (Frida.Data.Icons.get_barebone_png_blob ().data);
+		}
+
 		public async void close (Cancellable? cancellable) throws IOError {
 			if (host_session != null) {
 				yield host_session.close (cancellable);
@@ -80,7 +91,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 				throw new Error.TRANSPORT ("The specified GDB remote stub cannot be reached: %s", e.message);
 			}

-			var gdb = yield GDB.Client.open (stream, cancellable);
+			GDB.Client gdb;
+			if (config.connection.flavor == Barebone.StubFlavor.VZ)
+				gdb = yield Barebone.VzStubClient.open (stream, cancellable);
+			else
+				gdb = yield GDB.Client.open (stream, cancellable);

 			Barebone.Machine machine;
 			switch (gdb.arch) {
@@ -101,6 +116,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 					break;
 			}

+			// Read the daemon's guest-RAM map only once the stub has halted the VM: reading the
+			// high-VA backing while the vCPUs run blocks mach_vm_read. The map is dynamic (the daemon
+			// reclaims idle RAM), so VzPhysicalMemory re-reads it on demand as the agent maps pages.
+#if DARWIN
+			if (config.connection.flavor == VZ && machine is Barebone.Arm64Machine)
+				((Barebone.Arm64Machine) machine).physical_memory = Barebone.VzPhysicalMemory.open (config.connection.pid);
+#endif
+
 			size_t page_size;
 			try {
 				page_size = yield machine.query_page_size (cancellable);
@@ -108,6 +131,23 @@ namespace Frida {
 				page_size = 0;
 			}

+			// Resolve the kernel's runtime layout before building the allocator: on a scattered
+			// SPTM kernel collection the config-supplied addresses are static and must be translated.
+			Barebone.KernelRelocation? relocation = null;
+			uint64 kernel_base = 0;
+			Barebone.ImageConfig? image = config.image;
+			if (image != null) {
+				if (image.base != null) {
+					kernel_base = image.base.address;
+				} else {
+					var payload = yield Barebone.Img4.parse_file (File.new_for_path (image.file), cancellable);
+					uint64? summaries = image.symbols["gLoadedKextSummaries"];
+					relocation = yield Barebone.KernelRelocation.compute (machine, payload.data,
+						summaries ?? 0, cancellable);
+					kernel_base = relocation.reference_base;
+				}
+			}
+
 			Barebone.Allocator allocator;
 			Barebone.AllocatorConfig? ac = config.allocator;
 			if (ac == null) {
@@ -116,8 +156,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 				allocator = new Barebone.PhysicalAllocator (machine, page_size,
 					(Barebone.PhysicalAllocatorConfig) ac);
 			} else if (ac is Barebone.TargetFunctionsAllocatorConfig) {
-				allocator = new Barebone.TargetFunctionsAllocator (machine, page_size,
-					(Barebone.TargetFunctionsAllocatorConfig) ac);
+				var tfa = (Barebone.TargetFunctionsAllocatorConfig) ac;
+				if (relocation != null) {
+					tfa.alloc_function = new Barebone.NonNullMemoryAddress ("allocator.alloc_function",
+						relocation.translate (tfa.alloc_function.address));
+					tfa.free_function = new Barebone.NonNullMemoryAddress ("allocator.free_function",
+						relocation.translate (tfa.free_function.address));
+				}
+				allocator = new Barebone.TargetFunctionsAllocator (machine, page_size, tfa);
 			} else {
 				assert_not_reached ();
 			}
@@ -125,8 +171,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			Barebone.AgentConnection? agent_connection = null;
 			Barebone.AgentConfig? agent_config = config.agent;
 			if (agent_config != null) {
-				agent_connection = yield Barebone.AgentConnection.open (agent_config, config.image, machine, allocator,
-					cancellable);
+				agent_connection = yield Barebone.AgentConnection.open (agent_config, config.image, relocation,
+					kernel_base, machine, allocator, cancellable);
 			}

 			var interceptor = new Barebone.Interceptor (machine, allocator);
@@ -240,6 +286,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}

+		public async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+				Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			throw_not_supported ();
+		}
+
 		public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}
@@ -597,6 +648,14 @@ namespace Frida {

 		public abstract async void load_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError;

+		public async void interrupt_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			throw_not_supported ();
+		}
+
+		public async void terminate_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			throw_not_supported ();
+		}
+
 		public async void eternalize_script (AgentScriptId script_id, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}
 	}

-	public sealed class ConnectionConfig : Object {
+	public sealed class ConnectionConfig : Object, Json.Serializable {
 		public string host {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -128,6 +128,47 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			set;
 			default = 3333;
 		}
+
+		public uint pid {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = 0;
+		}
+
+		public StubFlavor flavor {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = GDB_REMOTE;
+		}
+
+		public bool deserialize_property (string property_name, out Value value, ParamSpec pspec, Json.Node property_node) {
+			if (property_name == "flavor") {
+				var v = Value (typeof (StubFlavor));
+				v.set_enum (parse_stub_flavor (property_node.get_string ()));
+				value = v;
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			value = Value (pspec.value_type);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		private static StubFlavor parse_stub_flavor (string? name) {
+			switch (name) {
+				case "vz":	return StubFlavor.VZ;
+				default:	return StubFlavor.GDB_REMOTE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Selects which GDB-remote dialect to speak. GDB_REMOTE drives the generic client
+	 * (QEMU, Corellium, debugserver); VZ drives the Apple Virtualization.framework kernel
+	 * stub, whose lldb-flavoured quirks the generic client cannot handle.
+	 */
+	public enum StubFlavor {
+		GDB_REMOTE,
+		VZ
 	}

 	public abstract class AllocatorConfig : Object {
@@ -174,6 +215,14 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			set;
 		}

+		/** Extra second argument passed to alloc_function. Modern XNU data allocators are
+		 * kalloc_data_external(size, flags); QEMU's kalloc(size) ignores it. Defaults to zero. */
+		public uint64 alloc_flags {
+			get;
+			set;
+			default = 0;
+		}
+
 		public override void check () throws Error {
 			if (alloc_function == null)
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'allocator.alloc_function' is missing");
@@ -229,6 +278,9 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 					case "hostlink":
 						t = typeof (HostlinkTransportConfig);
 						break;
+					case "vsock":
+						t = typeof (VsockTransportConfig);
+						break;
 					default:
 						break;
 					}
@@ -272,6 +324,33 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Vsock transport. The agent inside the guest kernel connects out to the host
+	 * over AF_VSOCK on `port`. The host can't speak vsock directly from frida-core
+	 * (the hypervisor proxies it), so a UNIX-socket bridge is provided by the
+	 * embedder (e.g. vphone-cli); frida-core just reads/writes that socket.
+	 */
+	public sealed class VsockTransportConfig : TransportConfig {
+		/** Path to a UNIX socket the embedder has bridged to the guest's hostlink endpoint. */
+		public string socket_path {
+			get;
+			set;
+		}
+
+		/** Vsock port the guest agent will connect to (advertised to the agent via its config). */
+		public uint port {
+			get;
+			set;
+		}
+
+		public override void check () throws Error {
+			if (socket_path == null)
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'agent.transport.socket_path' is missing");
+			if (port == 0)
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'agent.transport.port' is missing");
+		}
+	}
+
 	public sealed class ImageConfig : Object, Json.Serializable {
 		public string file {
 			get;
@@ -293,9 +372,8 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			if (file == null)
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'image.file' is missing");

-			if (@base == null)
-				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'image.base' is missing");
-			@base.check ();
+			if (@base != null)
+				@base.check ();

 			if (symbols == null)
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Config for 'image.symbols' is invalid");
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			uint64 base_va = allocation.virtual_address;

 			Bytes relocated_image = machine.relocate (elf, raw_elf, base_va);
-			yield machine.gdb.write_byte_array (base_va, relocated_image, cancellable);
+			yield machine.write_virtual (base_va, relocated_image.get_data (), cancellable);

 			yield machine.protect_pages (base_va + text_base, text_size, READ | EXECUTE, cancellable);
 		} catch (GLib.Error e) {
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+[CCode (gir_namespace = "FridaBarebone", gir_version = "1.0")]
+namespace Frida.Barebone {
+	/**
+	 * Translates static kernelcache addresses to their runtime locations.
+	 *
+	 * The on-device kernel collection slides each fileset entry independently (the SPTM loader
+	 * scatters com.apple.kernel and every kext to unrelated runtime addresses), so a single KASLR
+	 * slide cannot map a static address to its runtime location. Each entry's in-memory Mach-O
+	 * header carries the rebased per-segment vmaddrs; we pair them with the static segment table
+	 * (same header, same order) to translate any static address, kernel or kext.
+	 */
+	public sealed class KernelRelocation : Object {
+		public uint64 reference_base {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		private Gee.List<Entry> entries = new Gee.ArrayList<Entry> ();
+
+		private const uint64 COLLECTION_WINDOW = 0x8000000;
+		private const uint64 SUMMARY_HEADER_SIZE = 0x10;
+		private const uint64 SUMMARY_SIZE = 0x88;
+		private const size_t SUMMARY_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x50;
+		private const uint32 MH_MAGIC_64 = 0xfeedfacfU;
+		private const uint32 MH_FILESET = 0xc;
+		private const uint32 CPU_TYPE_ARM64 = 0x0100000cU;
+		private const uint32 LC_SEGMENT_64 = 0x19;
+		private const uint32 LC_FILESET_ENTRY = 0x80000035U;
+
+		public static async KernelRelocation compute (Machine machine, Bytes kernelcache_blob,
+				uint64 loaded_kext_summaries, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var gdb = machine.gdb;
+			Buffer image = gdb.make_buffer (kernelcache_blob);
+			Gee.List<FilesetEntry> static_entries = parse_fileset_entries (image);
+
+			Gee.List<SegmentInfo> static_segments = parse_segments (image, 0);
+			uint64 preferred_base = static_segments[0].vmaddr;
+
+			uint64 collection_header = yield find_collection_header (machine, cancellable);
+			Buffer collection = yield read_mach_header (gdb, collection_header, cancellable);
+			var header_locator = new KernelRelocation ();
+			pair_segments (header_locator, static_segments, parse_segments (collection, 0));
+
+			var reloc = new KernelRelocation ();
+			FilesetEntry kernel = find_entry (static_entries, "com.apple.kernel");
+			yield add_fileset_entry (reloc, gdb, image, kernel, header_locator.translate (kernel.vmaddr), cancellable);
+			reloc.reference_base = reloc.translate (kernel.vmaddr);
+
+			if (loaded_kext_summaries != 0) {
+				var runtime_headers = yield read_loaded_kext_headers (gdb, reloc,
+					preferred_base + loaded_kext_summaries, cancellable);
+				foreach (var entry in static_entries) {
+					uint64? runtime_header = runtime_headers[entry.name];
+					if (runtime_header != null)
+						yield add_fileset_entry (reloc, gdb, image, entry, runtime_header, cancellable);
+				}
+			}
+			return reloc;
+		}
+
+		private static void pair_segments (KernelRelocation reloc, Gee.List<SegmentInfo> static_segments,
+				Gee.List<SegmentInfo> runtime_segments) {
+			for (int i = 0; i != static_segments.size; i++) {
+				reloc.entries.add (new Entry () {
+					static_base = static_segments[i].vmaddr,
+					size = static_segments[i].vmsize,
+					runtime_base = runtime_segments[i].vmaddr
+				});
+			}
+		}
+
+		private static FilesetEntry find_entry (Gee.List<FilesetEntry> entries, string name) throws Error {
+			foreach (var entry in entries) {
+				if (entry.name == name)
+					return entry;
+			}
+			throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Kernelcache is missing the %s fileset entry", name);
+		}
+
+		private static async void add_fileset_entry (KernelRelocation reloc, GDB.Client gdb, Buffer image,
+				FilesetEntry entry, uint64 runtime_header, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			Buffer runtime_image = yield read_mach_header (gdb, runtime_header, cancellable);
+			pair_segments (reloc, parse_segments (image, (size_t) entry.fileoff), parse_segments (runtime_image, 0));
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The runtime kext metadata embedded in the collection header is unusable: the loader clobbers the
+		 * fileset-entry vmaddrs and repacks the kext mach-headers away from their static positions. The
+		 * gLoadedKextSummaries array, on the other hand, is purpose-built for debuggers — it pairs each
+		 * loaded kext's bundle id with the runtime address of its mach-header, giving us a reliable
+		 * name -> runtime-header map from which to translate that kext's independently scattered segments.
+		 */
+		private static async Gee.Map<string, uint64?> read_loaded_kext_headers (GDB.Client gdb,
+				KernelRelocation reloc, uint64 loaded_kext_summaries, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			uint64 list = (yield gdb.read_buffer (reloc.translate (loaded_kext_summaries), 8, cancellable))
+				.read_uint64 (0);
+			uint32 count = (yield gdb.read_buffer (list, 16, cancellable)).read_uint32 (8);
+
+			var result = new Gee.HashMap<string, uint64?> ();
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i != count; i++) {
+				Buffer summary = yield gdb.read_buffer (list + SUMMARY_HEADER_SIZE + (uint64) i * SUMMARY_SIZE,
+					(size_t) SUMMARY_SIZE, cancellable);
+				result[read_lc_string (summary, 0)] = summary.read_uint64 (SUMMARY_LOAD_ADDRESS);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		public uint64 translate (uint64 static_address) throws Error {
+			foreach (var e in entries) {
+				if (static_address >= e.static_base && static_address < e.static_base + e.size)
+					return e.runtime_base + (static_address - e.static_base);
+			}
+			throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Address 0x%" + uint64.FORMAT_MODIFIER + "x is outside the kernelcache",
+				static_address);
+		}
+
+		public uint32 runtime_offset (uint64 static_address) throws Error {
+			return (uint32) (translate (static_address) - reference_base);
+		}
+
+		private static async Buffer read_mach_header (GDB.Client gdb, uint64 address, Cancellable? cancellable)
+				throws Error, IOError {
+			Buffer head = yield gdb.read_buffer (address, 32, cancellable);
+			return yield gdb.read_buffer (address, 32 + head.read_uint32 (20), cancellable);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Reads of unmapped memory wedge the VZ stub indefinitely, so the collection header cannot be
+		 * located by blind-scanning down from a kernel pointer: scattered segments leave unmapped gaps
+		 * in between. We instead walk the kernel's own page tables for the readable ranges and probe
+		 * only the first 16 bytes of each — every byte touched is guaranteed mapped.
+		 */
+		private static async uint64 find_collection_header (Machine machine, Cancellable? cancellable)
+				throws Error, IOError {
+			var gdb = machine.gdb;
+
+			uint64 vbar = yield gdb.exception.thread.read_register ("vbar_el1", cancellable);
+
+			var range_bases = new Gee.ArrayList<uint64?> ();
+			var range_sizes = new Gee.ArrayList<uint64?> ();
+			yield machine.enumerate_ranges (Gum.PageProtection.READ, details => {
+				if (details.base_va < vbar - COLLECTION_WINDOW || details.base_va > vbar + COLLECTION_WINDOW)
+					return true;
+				range_bases.add (details.base_va);
+				range_sizes.add (details.size);
+				return true;
+			}, cancellable);
+
+			for (int i = 0; i != range_bases.size; i++) {
+				uint64 range_base = range_bases[i];
+				if (range_sizes[i] < 16)
+					continue;
+				Buffer head = yield gdb.read_buffer (range_base, 16, cancellable);
+				if (head.read_uint32 (0) == MH_MAGIC_64 && head.read_uint32 (4) == CPU_TYPE_ARM64
+						&& head.read_uint32 (12) == MH_FILESET)
+					return range_base;
+			}
+			throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to locate the runtime kernel collection header");
+		}
+
+		private static Gee.List<FilesetEntry> parse_fileset_entries (Buffer image) throws Error {
+			var result = new Gee.ArrayList<FilesetEntry> ();
+			uint32 ncmds = image.read_uint32 (16);
+			size_t off = 32;
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i != ncmds; i++) {
+				uint32 cmd = image.read_uint32 (off);
+				uint32 cmdsize = image.read_uint32 (off + 4);
+				if (cmd == LC_FILESET_ENTRY) {
+					result.add (new FilesetEntry () {
+						name = read_lc_string (image, off + image.read_uint32 (off + 24)),
+						vmaddr = image.read_uint64 (off + 8),
+						fileoff = image.read_uint64 (off + 16)
+					});
+				}
+				off += cmdsize;
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		private static Gee.List<SegmentInfo> parse_segments (Buffer image, size_t header_offset) throws Error {
+			var result = new Gee.ArrayList<SegmentInfo> ();
+			uint32 ncmds = image.read_uint32 (header_offset + 16);
+			size_t off = header_offset + 32;
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i != ncmds; i++) {
+				uint32 cmd = image.read_uint32 (off);
+				uint32 cmdsize = image.read_uint32 (off + 4);
+				if (cmd == LC_SEGMENT_64) {
+					result.add (new SegmentInfo () {
+						vmaddr = image.read_uint64 (off + 24),
+						vmsize = image.read_uint64 (off + 32)
+					});
+				}
+				off += cmdsize;
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		private static string read_lc_string (Buffer image, size_t offset) throws Error {
+			var builder = new StringBuilder ();
+			for (size_t i = 0; ; i++) {
+				uint8 c = image.read_uint8 (offset + i);
+				if (c == 0)
+					break;
+				builder.append_c ((char) c);
+			}
+			return builder.str;
+		}
+
+		private class FilesetEntry {
+			public string name;
+			public uint64 vmaddr;
+			public uint64 fileoff;
+		}
+
+		private class SegmentInfo {
+			public uint64 vmaddr;
+			public uint64 vmsize;
+		}
+
+		private class Entry {
+			public uint64 static_base;
+			public uint64 size;
+			public uint64 runtime_base;
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}

 		private const uint64 CHAINED_PTR_TARGET_MASK = (1 << 30) - 1;
+		private const uint32 MH_MAGIC_64 = 0xfeedfacfU;
+		private const uint32 MH_FILESET = 0xc;
+		private const uint32 LC_SEGMENT_64 = 0x19;
+		private const uint32 LC_FILESET_ENTRY = 0x80000035U;

 		private Layout (Gee.List<ModuleInfo> modules, Gee.List<SymbolInfo> symbols) {
 			Object (modules: modules, symbols: symbols);
@@ -21,19 +25,16 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			Object (modules: new Gee.ArrayList<ModuleInfo> (), symbols: new Gee.ArrayList<SymbolInfo> ());
 		}

-		public static async Layout load_from_symbol_source (File symbol_source, uint64 kernel_base, ByteOrder byte_order,
-				uint pointer_size, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			var payload = yield Img4.parse_file (symbol_source, cancellable);
-
-			Bytes kerncache = payload.data;
-
-			Gum.DarwinModule mod;
+		public static Gum.DarwinModule parse_kernelcache (Bytes kerncache) throws Error {
 			try {
-				mod = new Gum.DarwinModule.from_blob (kerncache, ARM64, Gum.PtrauthSupport.SUPPORTED);
+				return new Gum.DarwinModule.from_blob (kerncache, ARM64, Gum.PtrauthSupport.SUPPORTED);
 			} catch (Gum.Error e) {
 				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("%s", e.message);
 			}
+		}

+		public static Layout load_from_module (Gum.DarwinModule mod, Bytes kerncache, uint64 kernel_base, ByteOrder byte_order,
+				uint pointer_size) throws Error {
 			var blob = new Blob (kerncache, byte_order, pointer_size);

 			var modules = compute_module_list (mod, blob, kernel_base);
@@ -43,6 +44,10 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		}

 		private static Gee.List<ModuleInfo> compute_module_list (Gum.DarwinModule mod, Blob blob, uint64 kernel_base) throws Error {
+			var fileset = compute_fileset_module_list (blob, mod.source_version);
+			if (fileset != null)
+				return fileset;
+
 			Buffer? kmod_info = null;
 			Buffer? kmod_start = null;
 			Error? pending_error = null;
@@ -62,10 +67,16 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			});
 			if (pending_error != null)
 				throw pending_error;
-			if (kmod_info == null)
-				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to find __kmod_info");
-			if (kmod_start == null)
-				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to find __kmod_start");
+			if (kmod_info == null || kmod_start == null) {
+				var only_kernel = new Gee.ArrayList<ModuleInfo> ();
+				only_kernel.add (new ModuleInfo () {
+					name = "mach_kernel",
+					version = mod.source_version ?? "",
+					offset = 0,
+					size = (uint32) blob.size,
+				});
+				return only_kernel;
+			}

 			var kexts = new Gee.ArrayList<ModuleInfo> ();
 			var info_pointers = new BufferReader (kmod_info);
@@ -118,6 +129,66 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			return result;
 		}

+		private static Gee.List<ModuleInfo>? compute_fileset_module_list (Blob blob, string? kernel_version) throws Error {
+			var header = blob.slice (0, 32, "Mach-O header");
+			if (header.read_uint32 (0) != MH_MAGIC_64 || header.read_uint32 (12) != MH_FILESET)
+				return null;
+
+			var image = blob.slice (0, 32 + header.read_uint32 (20), "Mach-O load commands");
+
+			var entries = new Gee.ArrayList<FilesetEntry> ();
+			uint64 image_end = 0;
+			uint32 ncmds = image.read_uint32 (16);
+			size_t off = 32;
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i != ncmds; i++) {
+				uint32 cmd = image.read_uint32 (off);
+				uint32 cmdsize = image.read_uint32 (off + 4);
+				if (cmd == LC_FILESET_ENTRY) {
+					entries.add (new FilesetEntry () {
+						name = read_lc_string (image, off + image.read_uint32 (off + 24)),
+						vmaddr = image.read_uint64 (off + 8)
+					});
+				} else if (cmd == LC_SEGMENT_64) {
+					image_end = uint64.max (image_end,
+						image.read_uint64 (off + 24) + image.read_uint64 (off + 32));
+				}
+				off += cmdsize;
+			}
+
+			entries.sort ((a, b) => {
+				if (a.vmaddr < b.vmaddr)
+					return -1;
+				return (a.vmaddr > b.vmaddr) ? 1 : 0;
+			});
+
+			uint64 kernel_vmaddr = entries[0].vmaddr;
+			var modules = new Gee.ArrayList<ModuleInfo> ();
+			int n = entries.size;
+			for (int i = 0; i != n; i++) {
+				var entry = entries[i];
+				uint64 end = (i + 1 != n) ? entries[i + 1].vmaddr : image_end;
+				bool is_kernel = i == 0;
+				modules.add (new ModuleInfo () {
+					name = is_kernel ? "mach_kernel" : entry.name,
+					version = is_kernel ? (kernel_version ?? "") : "",
+					offset = (uint32) (entry.vmaddr - kernel_vmaddr),
+					size = (uint32) (end - entry.vmaddr)
+				});
+			}
+			return modules;
+		}
+
+		private static string read_lc_string (Buffer image, size_t offset) throws Error {
+			var builder = new StringBuilder ();
+			for (size_t i = 0; ; i++) {
+				uint8 c = image.read_uint8 (offset + i);
+				if (c == 0)
+					break;
+				builder.append_c ((char) c);
+			}
+			return builder.str;
+		}
+
 		private static size_t chained_pointer_to_vm_offset (uint64 val, uint64 kernel_base) {
 			var target = (size_t) (val & CHAINED_PTR_TARGET_MASK);

@@ -153,6 +224,11 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 		public uint32 stop_func_offset;
 	}

+	private class FilesetEntry {
+		public string name;
+		public uint64 vmaddr;
+	}
+
 	public class SymbolInfo {
 		public string name;
 		public uint32 offset;
@@ -163,7 +239,7 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 	private class Blob {
 		private Bytes bytes;
-		private size_t size;
+		public size_t size;
 		public ByteOrder byte_order;
 		public uint pointer_size;

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 [CCode (gir_namespace = "FridaBarebone", gir_version = "1.0")]
 namespace Frida.Barebone {
+	public interface PhysicalMemory : Object {
+		public abstract uint8[] read (uint64 pa, size_t size) throws Error;
+		public abstract void write (uint64 pa, uint8[] data) throws Error;
+		public abstract bool contains (uint64 pa);
+	}
+
 	public interface Machine : Object {
 		public abstract GDB.Client gdb {
 			get;
@@ -16,6 +22,10 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {

 		public abstract async size_t query_page_size (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError;

+		public virtual async void write_virtual (uint64 va, uint8[] data, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			yield gdb.write_byte_array (va, new Bytes (data), cancellable);
+		}
+
 		public abstract async uint query_exception_level (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError;

 		public async void enter_exception_level (uint level, uint timeout, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -16,12 +16,18 @@ backend_sources += files(
  'img4.vala',
  'lzfse.vala',
  'qmp-client.vala',
+  'kernel-relocation.vala',
+  'vz-stub.vala',
  'arch-x86' / 'machine.vala',
  'arch-x86_64' / 'machine.vala',
  'arch-arm' / 'machine.vala',
  'arch-arm64' / 'machine.vala',
  'arch-unknown' / 'machine.vala',
 )
+if host_os_family == 'darwin'
+  backend_sources += files('vz-physical-memory.vala')
+  backend_vala_args += '--pkg=frida-gum-darwin-1.0'
+endif
 barebone_script_runtime = custom_target('frida-barebone-script-runtime',
  input: [
    'package.json',
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
      "name": "frida-barebone-script-runtime",
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/frida-gum": "^19.0.1",
+        "@types/frida-gum": "^19.10.0",
        "esbuild": "^0.25.5",
        "typescript": "^5.8.3"
      }
@@ -439,9 +439,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@types/frida-gum": {
-      "version": "19.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/frida-gum/-/frida-gum-19.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mp8BpWWkQFJH86ZN5uXZuDiA7KY/+jDknrw0a06x0/+F5ucPwctHrCuV6iT+LLCp/GyICc36ssedF33B1WoLsw==",
+      "version": "19.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/frida-gum/-/frida-gum-19.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GBKAzwmamtNPBXEcIve1yJ6BB9ZgyW9al3+f06S+lDAvennOx9GfFQ9RDY9kP5nJrkiiRHLzgbDFjQ/+g+iw1Q==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT"
    },
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    "watch": "tsc -w"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/frida-gum": "^19.0.1",
+    "@types/frida-gum": "^19.10.0",
    "esbuild": "^0.25.5",
    "typescript": "^5.8.3"
  }
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ namespace Frida.Barebone {
 			close_request.resolve (true);
 		}

-		private void handle_message (Json.Node message) throws Error {
-			var r = new Json.Reader (message);
+		private void handle_message (owned Json.Node message) throws Error {
+			var r = make_json_reader_taking_node ((owned) message);

 			bool is_response = r.read_member ("id");
 			uint id = 0;
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+[CCode (gir_namespace = "FridaBarebone", gir_version = "1.0")]
+namespace Frida.Barebone {
+	/**
+	 * Direct host access to the guest's physical RAM, bypassing the kernel GDB stub.
+	 *
+	 * Apple's Virtualization daemon maps the whole guest RAM into its own address space and
+	 * records the layout in the Hv::Vm singleton's vector<HvCore::SharedRamEntry>. We acquire
+	 * the daemon's task port, find Hv::Vm by its vtable, walk that vector to build a guest-PA
+	 * -> host-VA map, and then read and write guest physical memory with a single mach_vm call
+	 * instead of thousands of RSP packets. The stub is left to do what only it can: drive the
+	 * vCPUs.
+	 */
+	public sealed class VzPhysicalMemory : Object, PhysicalMemory {
+		private Gum.DarwinPort task;
+		private uint64 instance_address;
+		private Gee.ArrayList<SharedRamEntry?> entries = new Gee.ArrayList<SharedRamEntry?> ();
+
+		private const uint64 VPTR_MASK = 0x00007ffffffffff8;
+		private const uint64 PTR_MASK = 0x00ffffffffffffff;
+		private const uint64 GUEST_RAM_CHUNK_SIZE = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+		private const uint64 MAX_HEAP_ADDRESS = 0x400000000;
+		private const uint64 SCAN_WINDOW = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+		private const uint64 SHARED_RAM_VECTOR_OFFSET = 0x30;
+		private const uint64 SHARED_RAM_ENTRY_SIZE = 32;
+		private const uint64 MAX_SHARED_RAM_ENTRIES = 1024;
+		private const uint64 MIN_HOST_VA = 0x10000000;
+		private const uint64 MAPPING_ALIGNMENT = 0x4000;
+		private const uint MAX_DISCOVERY_ATTEMPTS = 10;
+
+		public static VzPhysicalMemory open (uint pid) throws Error {
+			var memory = new VzPhysicalMemory ();
+
+			if (Gum.Darwin.task_for_pid (Gum.Darwin.mach_task_self (), (int) pid, out memory.task) != Gum.Darwin.Status.SUCCESS) {
+				throw new Error.PERMISSION_DENIED (
+					"Unable to acquire the task port for the Virtualization daemon (pid %u); " +
+					"frida-core needs root or the com.apple.system-task-ports entitlement", pid);
+			}
+
+			for (uint attempt = 0; true; attempt++) {
+				try {
+					memory.discover ();
+					return memory;
+				} catch (Error e) {
+					if (attempt == MAX_DISCOVERY_ATTEMPTS - 1)
+						throw e;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		private void discover () throws Error {
+			uint64 vptr = (resolve_hv_vm_vtable () + 16) & VPTR_MASK;
+			foreach (uint64 instance in find_vptr_candidates (vptr)) {
+				if (try_load_shared_ram (instance))
+					return;
+			}
+			throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to locate a populated Hv::Vm guest-RAM map in the daemon");
+		}
+
+		private bool try_load_shared_ram (uint64 instance) {
+			var loaded = read_shared_ram (instance);
+			if (loaded == null)
+				return false;
+			instance_address = instance;
+			entries = loaded;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		// Validate the vector by shape, not size: the daemon reclaims guest RAM while the VM is idle
+		// so a real Hv::Vm can momentarily expose only the low-memory entry. Page-aligned sizes and
+		// plausible host VAs are what separate the real map from a random vtable-shaped false match.
+		// Non-throwing on purpose: a candidate vptr may point at anything, so every failed daemon read
+		// just means "not this one" — surfacing it as an exception only invites error-propagation faults.
+		private Gee.ArrayList<SharedRamEntry?>? read_shared_ram (uint64 instance) {
+			uint64 begin, end;
+			if (!try_read_u64 (instance + SHARED_RAM_VECTOR_OFFSET, out begin))
+				return null;
+			if (!try_read_u64 (instance + SHARED_RAM_VECTOR_OFFSET + 8, out end))
+				return null;
+			begin &= PTR_MASK;
+			end &= PTR_MASK;
+			if (end <= begin || (end - begin) % SHARED_RAM_ENTRY_SIZE != 0)
+				return null;
+			if ((end - begin) / SHARED_RAM_ENTRY_SIZE > MAX_SHARED_RAM_ENTRIES)
+				return null;
+
+			var result = new Gee.ArrayList<SharedRamEntry?> ();
+			for (uint64 cursor = begin; cursor < end; cursor += SHARED_RAM_ENTRY_SIZE) {
+				uint64 host_va, guest_pa, size;
+				if (!try_read_u64 (cursor, out host_va))
+					return null;
+				if (!try_read_u64 (cursor + 8, out guest_pa))
+					return null;
+				if (!try_read_u64 (cursor + 16, out size))
+					return null;
+				var entry = SharedRamEntry () { host_va = host_va & PTR_MASK, guest_pa = guest_pa, size = size };
+				if (entry.size == 0 || entry.size % MAPPING_ALIGNMENT != 0)
+					return null;
+				// Device/MMIO regions appear with no host backing; keep only the host-backed RAM ranges.
+				if (entry.host_va == 0)
+					continue;
+				if (entry.host_va < MIN_HOST_VA)
+					return null;
+				result.add (entry);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		private void refresh () {
+			var loaded = read_shared_ram (instance_address);
+			if (loaded != null)
+				entries = loaded;
+		}
+
+		private static uint64 resolve_hv_vm_vtable () throws Error {
+			Gum.Module module;
+			try {
+				module = Gum.Module.load ("/System/Library/Frameworks/Hypervisor.framework/Hypervisor");
+			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to load Hypervisor.framework: %s", e.message);
+			}
+
+			Gum.Address vtable = module.find_symbol_by_name ("_ZTVN2Hv2VmE");
+			if (vtable == 0)
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to resolve the Hv::Vm vtable symbol");
+			return vtable;
+		}
+
+		private Gee.List<uint64?> find_vptr_candidates (uint64 vptr) {
+			var candidates = new Gee.ArrayList<uint64?> ();
+			Gum.Darwin.enumerate_ranges (task, READ, details => {
+				// Hv::Vm lives in the daemon's regular malloc heap; the high guest-RAM-mapped regions
+				// up at tens of GB block mach_vm_read while the VM is running, so stay below them.
+				if (details.range.base_address < MAX_HEAP_ADDRESS && details.range.size < GUEST_RAM_CHUNK_SIZE)
+					scan_span_for_vptr (details.range.base_address, details.range.base_address + details.range.size, vptr, candidates);
+				return true;
+			});
+			return candidates;
+		}
+
+		// find_pointers scans this process's own memory, so mirror each daemon window into a local
+		// buffer and let gum's tiled scanner sweep it for the masked vptr, then map hits back to the
+		// daemon address.
+		private void scan_span_for_vptr (uint64 start, uint64 end, uint64 vptr, Gee.List<uint64?> candidates) {
+			size_t[] values = { (size_t) vptr };
+			for (uint64 pos = start; pos < end; pos += SCAN_WINDOW) {
+				size_t length = (size_t) uint64.min (SCAN_WINDOW, end - pos);
+				uint8[]? window = Gum.Darwin.read (task, pos, length);
+				if (window == null)
+					continue;
+				Gum.Address window_base = (Gum.Address) (uintptr) (void *) window;
+				Gum.MemoryRange[] ranges = { { window_base, window.length } };
+				var matches = Gum.Memory.find_pointers (ranges, values, (size_t) VPTR_MASK);
+				for (uint i = 0; i != matches.length; i++)
+					candidates.add (pos + (matches.index (i).address - window_base));
+			}
+		}
+
+		public uint8[] read (uint64 pa, size_t size) throws Error {
+			SharedRamEntry entry = entry_for (pa, size);
+			uint8[]? data = Gum.Darwin.read (task, entry.host_va + (pa - entry.guest_pa), size);
+			if (data == null)
+				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Unable to read guest physical memory at PA 0x%" + uint64.FORMAT_MODIFIER + "x", pa);
+			return data;
+		}
+
+		public void write (uint64 pa, uint8[] data) throws Error {
+			SharedRamEntry entry = entry_for (pa, data.length);
+			if (!Gum.Darwin.write (task, entry.host_va + (pa - entry.guest_pa), data))
+				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Unable to write guest physical memory at PA 0x%" + uint64.FORMAT_MODIFIER + "x", pa);
+		}
+
+		public bool contains (uint64 pa) {
+			if (!is_backed (pa))
+				refresh ();
+			return is_backed (pa);
+		}
+
+		private bool is_backed (uint64 pa) {
+			foreach (var entry in entries) {
+				if (pa >= entry.guest_pa && pa < entry.guest_pa + entry.size)
+					return true;
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		private SharedRamEntry entry_for (uint64 pa, size_t length) throws Error {
+			SharedRamEntry? entry = covering_entry (pa, length);
+			if (entry == null) {
+				refresh ();
+				entry = covering_entry (pa, length);
+			}
+			if (entry == null)
+				throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT ("Guest PA 0x%" + uint64.FORMAT_MODIFIER + "x is not backed by guest RAM", pa);
+			return entry;
+		}
+
+		private SharedRamEntry? covering_entry (uint64 pa, size_t length) {
+			foreach (var entry in entries) {
+				if (pa >= entry.guest_pa && pa + length <= entry.guest_pa + entry.size)
+					return entry;
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		private bool try_read_u64 (uint64 address, out uint64 value) {
+			value = 0;
+			uint8[]? buffer = Gum.Darwin.read (task, address, 8);
+			if (buffer == null || buffer.length < 8)
+				return false;
+			uint64 v = 0;
+			for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
+				v = (v << 8) | buffer[i];
+			value = v;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		private struct SharedRamEntry {
+			public uint64 host_va;
+			public uint64 guest_pa;
+			public uint64 size;
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+[CCode (gir_namespace = "FridaBarebone", gir_version = "1.0")]
+namespace Frida.Barebone {
+	/**
+	 * GDB-remote client for the kernel debug stub exposed by Apple's
+	 * Virtualization.framework (the stub behind com.apple.Virtualization.VirtualMachine).
+	 *
+	 * It speaks an lldb debugserver-flavoured RSP dialect with a few quirks that the
+	 * generic client cannot cope with: it stays silent until a CPU is halted, implements
+	 * neither `qSupported` nor `qXfer:features:read` (registers are discovered through
+	 * `qRegisterInfo`), reads memory with the binary `x` packet, and toggles
+	 * physical-vs-virtual addressing through the `vf.` vendor namespace instead of `qemu.`.
+	 */
+	public sealed class VzStubClient : GDB.Client {
+		private const size_t MAX_BYTES_PER_READ = 0x800;
+
+		private const uint HALT_TIMEOUT_MSEC = 1000;
+
+		private VzStubClient (IOStream stream) {
+			Object (stream: stream);
+		}
+
+		public static new async VzStubClient open (IOStream stream, Cancellable? cancellable = null)
+				throws Error, IOError {
+			var client = new VzStubClient (stream);
+
+			try {
+				yield client.init_async (Priority.DEFAULT, cancellable);
+			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+				throw_api_error (e);
+			}
+
+			return client;
+		}
+
+		protected override async void prepare_connection (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			yield halt (cancellable, HALT_TIMEOUT_MSEC);
+			yield start_no_ack_mode (cancellable);
+		}
+
+		protected override async void detect_vendor_features (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var vcont = yield query_simple ("vCont?", cancellable);
+			unowned string payload = vcont.payload;
+			if (payload.length > 0 && payload[0] != 'E')
+				supported_features.add ("vcont");
+
+			string phy_mem_mode = yield query_property ("vf.PhyMemMode", cancellable);
+			if (phy_mem_mode.length == 1)
+				supported_features.add ("vf-phy-mem-mode");
+		}
+
+		protected override async void enable_extensions (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			yield execute_simple ("QThreadSuffixSupported", cancellable);
+			supported_features.add ("thread-suffix");
+			yield execute_simple ("QListThreadsInStopReply", cancellable);
+
+			yield discover_target (cancellable);
+		}
+
+		private async void discover_target (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			string info = yield query_property ("HostInfo", cancellable);
+			var host = GDB.Client.PropertyDictionary.parse (info);
+			arch = arch_from_cpu_type (GDB.Protocol.parse_uint (host.get_string ("cputype"), 10));
+			pointer_size = GDB.Protocol.parse_uint (host.get_string ("ptrsize"), 10);
+			byte_order = (host.get_string ("endian") == "little") ? ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN : ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
+
+			set_max_packet_size (0x4000);
+
+			// Force per-register access: the bulk G packet writes every register by position,
+			// which would clobber the system registers (PAC keys, ...) that must be preserved.
+			bulk_registers = false;
+
+			var regs = new Gee.ArrayList<GDB.Client.Register> ();
+			for (uint n = 0; ; n++) {
+				var response = yield query_simple ("qRegisterInfo%x".printf (n), cancellable);
+				unowned string payload = response.payload;
+				if (payload.length == 0 || payload[0] == 'E')
+					break;
+
+				var descriptor = GDB.Client.PropertyDictionary.parse (payload);
+				string name = descriptor.get_string ("name");
+				string? altname = descriptor.has ("alt-name") ? descriptor.get_string ("alt-name") : null;
+				uint bitsize = GDB.Protocol.parse_uint (descriptor.get_string ("bitsize"), 10);
+				// Writing system registers back would clobber live state such as the PAC keys
+				// (apiakey*, apdakey*, ...), breaking kernel-wide pointer authentication, so mark
+				// only the general-purpose set as writable.
+				bool writable = descriptor.has ("set") && descriptor.get_string ("set") == "General Purpose Registers";
+				regs.add (new GDB.Client.Register (name, altname, n, bitsize, writable));
+			}
+			install_registers (regs);
+		}
+
+		private static GDB.TargetArch arch_from_cpu_type (uint cpu_type) {
+			switch (cpu_type) {
+				case 0x00000007:	return IA32;
+				case 0x01000007:	return X64;
+				case 0x0000000c:	return ARM;
+				case 0x0100000c:	return ARM64;
+				default:		return UNKNOWN;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public override async Bytes read_byte_array (uint64 address, size_t size, Cancellable? cancellable = null)
+				throws Error, IOError {
+			var result = new uint8[size];
+
+			size_t offset = 0;
+			while (offset != size) {
+				size_t chunk_size = size_t.min (size - offset, MAX_BYTES_PER_READ);
+
+				var request = make_packet_builder_sized (32)
+					.append_c ('x')
+					.append_address (address + offset)
+					.append_c (',')
+					.append_size (chunk_size)
+					.build ();
+				var response = yield query (request, cancellable);
+
+				Bytes chunk = response.payload_bytes;
+				if (chunk.get_size () != chunk_size) {
+					throw new Error.INVALID_ARGUMENT (
+						"Unable to read from 0x%" + uint64.FORMAT_MODIFIER + "x: invalid address", address);
+				}
+
+				Memory.copy ((uint8 *) result + offset, chunk.get_data (), chunk_size);
+
+				offset += chunk_size;
+			}
+
+			return new Bytes.take ((owned) result);
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) && defined (HAVE_COMPILER_BACKEND_LINKED)

 #include <glib.h>

@@ -1,98 +1,11 @@
 package main

-/*
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-typedef enum {
-  FRIDA_OUTPUT_UNESCAPED,
-  FRIDA_OUTPUT_HEX_BYTES,
-  FRIDA_OUTPUT_C_STRING,
-} FridaOutputFormat;
-
-typedef enum {
-  FRIDA_BUNDLE_ESM,
-  FRIDA_BUNDLE_IIFE,
-} FridaBundleFormat;
-
-typedef void (* FridaBuildCompleteFunc) (char * bundle, char * error_message, void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaWatchReadyFunc) (uintptr_t session_handle, char * error_message, void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaStartingFunc) (void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaFinishedFunc) (void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaOutputFunc) (char * bundle, void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaDiagnosticFunc) (char * category, int code, char * path, int line, int character, char * text,
-    void * user_data);
-typedef void (* FridaDestroyFunc) (void * user_data);
-
-static inline void
-invoke_build_complete_func (FridaBuildCompleteFunc fn,
-                            char * bundle,
-                            char * error_message,
-                            void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (bundle, error_message, user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_watch_ready_func (FridaWatchReadyFunc fn,
-                         uintptr_t session_handle,
-                         char * error_message,
-                         void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (session_handle, error_message, user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_starting_func (FridaStartingFunc fn,
-                      void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_finished_func (FridaFinishedFunc fn,
-                      void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_output_func (FridaOutputFunc fn,
-                    char * bundle,
-                    void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (bundle, user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_diagnostic_func (FridaDiagnosticFunc fn,
-                        char * category,
-                        int code,
-                        char * path,
-                        int line,
-                        int character,
-                        char * text,
-                        void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (category, code, path, line, character, text, user_data);
-}
-
-static inline void
-invoke_destroy_func (FridaDestroyFunc fn,
-                     void * user_data)
-{
-  fn (user_data);
-}
-*/
-import "C"
-
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime/cgo"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"unsafe"

 	esbuild "github.com/evanw/esbuild/pkg/api"
 	tsscanner "github.com/frida/typescript-go/pkg/scanner"
@@ -110,21 +23,6 @@ type BuildOptions struct {
 	Externals        []string
 }

-type OutputFormat C.FridaOutputFormat
-
-const (
-	OutputFormatUnescaped OutputFormat = OutputFormat(C.FRIDA_OUTPUT_UNESCAPED)
-	OutputFormatHexBytes  OutputFormat = OutputFormat(C.FRIDA_OUTPUT_HEX_BYTES)
-	OutputFormatCString   OutputFormat = OutputFormat(C.FRIDA_OUTPUT_C_STRING)
-)
-
-type BundleFormat C.FridaBundleFormat
-
-const (
-	BundleFormatESM  BundleFormat = BundleFormat(C.FRIDA_BUNDLE_ESM)
-	BundleFormatIIFE BundleFormat = BundleFormat(C.FRIDA_BUNDLE_IIFE)
-)
-
 type Diagnostic struct {
 	category        string
 	code            int
@@ -146,153 +44,6 @@ type BuildEndCallback func()
 type BuildOutputCallback func(bundle string)
 type BuildDiagnosticCallback func(d Diagnostic)

-//export _frida_compiler_backend_build
-func _frida_compiler_backend_build(cProjectRoot, cEntrypoint *C.char, outputFormat C.FridaOutputFormat, bundleFormat C.FridaBundleFormat,
-	disableTypeCheck, sourceMap, compress uintptr, cPlatform *C.char, cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int,
-	onCompleteFn C.FridaBuildCompleteFunc, onCompleteData unsafe.Pointer, onCompleteDataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc,
-	onDiagnosticFn C.FridaDiagnosticFunc, onDiagnosticData unsafe.Pointer) {
-	options := BuildOptions{
-		ProjectRoot:      C.GoString(cProjectRoot),
-		Entrypoint:       C.GoString(cEntrypoint),
-		OutputFormat:     OutputFormat(outputFormat),
-		BundleFormat:     BundleFormat(bundleFormat),
-		DisableTypeCheck: disableTypeCheck != 0,
-		SourceMap:        sourceMap != 0,
-		Compress:         compress != 0,
-		Platform:         platformFromFrida(C.GoString(cPlatform)),
-		Externals:        parseCExternals(cExternals, numExternals),
-	}
-	onComplete := NewCDelegate(onCompleteFn, onCompleteData, onCompleteDataDestroy)
-	onDiagnostic := NewCDelegate(onDiagnosticFn, onDiagnosticData, nil)
-
-	go func() {
-		defer onComplete.Dispose()
-		defer onDiagnostic.Dispose()
-
-		onDiagnostic := makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic)
-
-		bundle, err := build(options, onDiagnostic)
-
-		var cBundle, cErrorMessage *C.char
-		if err == nil {
-			cBundle = C.CString(bundle)
-		} else {
-			cErrorMessage = C.CString(err.Error())
-		}
-		C.invoke_build_complete_func(onComplete.Func, cBundle, cErrorMessage, onComplete.Data)
-	}()
-}
-
-//export _frida_compiler_backend_watch
-func _frida_compiler_backend_watch(cProjectRoot, cEntrypoint *C.char, outputFormat C.FridaOutputFormat, bundleFormat C.FridaBundleFormat,
-	disableTypeCheck, sourceMap, compress uintptr, cPlatform *C.char, cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int,
-	onReadyFn C.FridaWatchReadyFunc, onReadyData unsafe.Pointer, onReadyDataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc,
-	onStartingFn C.FridaStartingFunc, onStartingData unsafe.Pointer,
-	onFinishedFn C.FridaFinishedFunc, onFinishedData unsafe.Pointer,
-	onOutputFn C.FridaOutputFunc, onOutputData unsafe.Pointer,
-	onDiagnosticFn C.FridaDiagnosticFunc, onDiagnosticData unsafe.Pointer) {
-	options := BuildOptions{
-		ProjectRoot:      C.GoString(cProjectRoot),
-		Entrypoint:       C.GoString(cEntrypoint),
-		OutputFormat:     OutputFormat(outputFormat),
-		BundleFormat:     BundleFormat(bundleFormat),
-		DisableTypeCheck: disableTypeCheck != 0,
-		SourceMap:        sourceMap != 0,
-		Compress:         compress != 0,
-		Platform:         platformFromFrida(C.GoString(cPlatform)),
-		Externals:        parseCExternals(cExternals, numExternals),
-	}
-	onReady := NewCDelegate(onReadyFn, onReadyData, onReadyDataDestroy)
-	onStarting := NewCDelegate(onStartingFn, onStartingData, nil)
-	onFinished := NewCDelegate(onFinishedFn, onFinishedData, nil)
-	onOutput := NewCDelegate(onOutputFn, onOutputData, nil)
-	onDiagnostic := NewCDelegate(onDiagnosticFn, onDiagnosticData, nil)
-
-	go func() {
-		defer onReady.Dispose()
-
-		onDispose := func() {
-			onStarting.Dispose()
-			onFinished.Dispose()
-			onOutput.Dispose()
-			onDiagnostic.Dispose()
-		}
-
-		callbacks := BuildEventCallbacks{
-			OnStart: func() {
-				C.invoke_starting_func(onStarting.Func, onStarting.Data)
-			},
-			OnEnd: func() {
-				C.invoke_starting_func(onFinished.Func, onFinished.Data)
-			},
-			OnOutput: func(bundle string) {
-				C.invoke_output_func(onOutput.Func, C.CString(bundle), onOutput.Data)
-			},
-			OnDiagnostic: makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic),
-		}
-
-		session, err := NewWatchSession(options, onDispose, callbacks)
-
-		var cSession C.uintptr_t
-		var cErrorMessage *C.char
-		if err == nil {
-			cSession = C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(session))
-		} else {
-			cErrorMessage = C.CString(err.Error())
-		}
-		C.invoke_watch_ready_func(onReady.Func, cSession, cErrorMessage, onReady.Data)
-	}()
-}
-
-//export _frida_compiler_backend_watch_session_dispose
-func _frida_compiler_backend_watch_session_dispose(h uintptr) {
-	handle := cgo.Handle(h)
-	session := handle.Value().(*WatchSession)
-	session.Dispose()
-	handle.Delete()
-}
-
-func platformFromFrida(s string) esbuild.Platform {
-	switch s {
-	case "gum":
-		return esbuild.PlatformNode
-	case "browser":
-		return esbuild.PlatformBrowser
-	case "neutral":
-		return esbuild.PlatformNeutral
-	default:
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown platform: %q", s))
-	}
-}
-
-func parseCExternals(cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int) []string {
-	if numExternals == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	n := int(numExternals)
-	cArray := (*[1 << 20]*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(cExternals))[:n:n]
-
-	externals := make([]string, n)
-	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		externals[i] = C.GoString(cArray[i])
-	}
-
-	return externals
-}
-
-func makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic *CDelegate[C.FridaDiagnosticFunc]) BuildDiagnosticCallback {
-	return func(d Diagnostic) {
-		var cPath *C.char
-		if d.path != "" {
-			cPath = C.CString(d.path)
-		}
-
-		C.invoke_diagnostic_func(onDiagnostic.Func, C.CString(d.category), C.int(d.code), cPath, C.int(d.line),
-			C.int(d.character), C.CString(d.text), onDiagnostic.Data)
-	}
-}
-
 func build(options BuildOptions, onDiagnostic BuildDiagnosticCallback) (bundle string, err error) {
 	callbacks := BuildEventCallbacks{
 		OnOutput: func(b string) {
@@ -828,25 +579,3 @@ func makeTypeScriptPlugin(compiler *TSCompiler) esbuild.Plugin {
 		},
 	}
 }
-
-type CDelegate[F any] struct {
-	Func        F
-	null        F
-	Data        unsafe.Pointer
-	dataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc
-}
-
-func NewCDelegate[F any](function F, data unsafe.Pointer, dataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc) *CDelegate[F] {
-	return &CDelegate[F]{Func: function, Data: data, dataDestroy: dataDestroy}
-}
-
-func (d *CDelegate[F]) Dispose() {
-	if d.dataDestroy != nil {
-		C.invoke_destroy_func(d.dataDestroy, d.Data)
-	}
-	d.Func = d.null
-	d.Data = nil
-	d.dataDestroy = nil
-}
-
-func main() {}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__frida_compiler_backend_*
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import base64
 import json
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ from typing import List


 def main(argv):
-    go_config = json.loads(base64.b64decode(argv[1]).decode("utf-8"))
+    go_config = json.loads(Path(argv[1]).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
    output_dir, priv_dir, go, npm, *inputs = [Path(d).resolve() for d in argv[2:]]

    try:
@@ -60,28 +59,36 @@ def build_backend(
    mode = config["mode"]

    backend_stem = "frida-compiler-backend"
-    if mode == "c-shared":
+    if mode != "c-archive":
        backend_stem += "-raw"

-    backend_a = priv_dir / f"{backend_stem}.a"
-    backend_shlib = priv_dir / (f"{backend_stem}" + config["shlib_suffix"])
+    if mode == "c-archive":
+        backend_binary = priv_dir / f"{backend_stem}.a"
+    elif mode == "c-shared":
+        backend_binary = priv_dir / (f"{backend_stem}" + config["shlib_suffix"])
+    else:
+        backend_binary = priv_dir / (f"{backend_stem}" + config["exe_suffix"])
    backend_h = priv_dir / f"{backend_stem}.h"

    extra_go_args = config["extra_go_args"].copy()

    if mode == "c-shared":
-        version_script = priv_dir / "backend.version"
-        extra_go_args.append(f"-ldflags=-linkmode=external -extldflags=-Wl,--version-script={version_script}")
+        if config["os_family"] == "darwin":
+            symbols_list = priv_dir / "backend.symbols"
+            extra_go_args.append(f"-ldflags=-linkmode=external -extldflags=-Wl,-exported_symbols_list,{symbols_list}")
+        elif config["os_family"] != "windows":
+            version_script = priv_dir / "backend.version"
+            extra_go_args.append(f"-ldflags=-linkmode=external -extldflags=-Wl,--version-script={version_script}")

    run(
        go,
        "build",
        f"-buildmode={mode}",
        "-o",
-        backend_a.name if mode == "c-archive" else backend_shlib.name,
+        backend_binary.name,
        "-buildvcs=false",
        *extra_go_args,
-        *go_sources,
+        ".",
    )

    if mode == "c-archive":
@@ -89,7 +96,7 @@ def build_backend(
        symbol_dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        src_dir = base_dir / "symbol-replacer"
-        for name in ("main.go", "trie.go", "go.mod"):
+        for name in ("main.go", "trie.go", "stringtables.go", "go.mod"):
            shutil.copy(src_dir / name, symbol_dest)

        env_copy = config["env"].copy()
@@ -109,7 +116,7 @@ def build_backend(
        )

        run(priv_dir / "symbol-replacer" / symbol_replacer_name,
-            backend_a.name, *config["nm"], *config["ranlib"], config["env"]["CC"])
+            backend_binary.name, *config["nm"], *config["ranlib"], config["env"]["CC"])

        if (mingw := config.get("mingw")) is not None and (abi := config["abi"]) in {
            "x86",
@@ -143,17 +150,16 @@ def build_backend(

            extra_objects = []
            if abi == "x86_64":
-                run(*ar, "x", backend_a.name, "go.o")
+                run(*ar, "x", backend_binary.name, "go.o")
                sort_pdata_in_object(Path(priv_dir) / "go.o")
                extra_objects.append("go.o")

-            run(*ar, "rs", backend_a.name, *libgcc_objects, *gwex_objects, *extra_objects)
+            run(*ar, "rs", backend_binary.name, *libgcc_objects, *gwex_objects, *extra_objects)

-        shutil.copy(priv_dir / backend_a.name, output_dir / backend_a.name)
-    else:
-        shutil.copy(priv_dir / backend_shlib.name, output_dir / backend_shlib.name)
+    shutil.copy(priv_dir / backend_binary.name, output_dir / backend_binary.name)

-    shutil.copy(priv_dir / backend_h.name, output_dir / backend_h.name)
+    if mode in {"c-archive", "c-shared"}:
+        shutil.copy(priv_dir / backend_h.name, output_dir / backend_h.name)


 # Work around the Go toolchain's almost-MSVC-compatible object files
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+//go:build !frida_compiler_backend_executable
+
+package main
+
+/*
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef enum {
+  FRIDA_OUTPUT_UNESCAPED,
+  FRIDA_OUTPUT_HEX_BYTES,
+  FRIDA_OUTPUT_C_STRING,
+} FridaOutputFormat;
+
+typedef enum {
+  FRIDA_BUNDLE_ESM,
+  FRIDA_BUNDLE_IIFE,
+} FridaBundleFormat;
+
+typedef void (* FridaBuildCompleteFunc) (char * bundle, char * error_message, void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaWatchReadyFunc) (uintptr_t session_handle, char * error_message, void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaStartingFunc) (void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaFinishedFunc) (void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaOutputFunc) (char * bundle, void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaDiagnosticFunc) (char * category, int code, char * path, int line, int character, char * text,
+    void * user_data);
+typedef void (* FridaDestroyFunc) (void * user_data);
+
+static inline void
+invoke_build_complete_func (FridaBuildCompleteFunc fn,
+                            char * bundle,
+                            char * error_message,
+                            void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (bundle, error_message, user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_watch_ready_func (FridaWatchReadyFunc fn,
+                         uintptr_t session_handle,
+                         char * error_message,
+                         void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (session_handle, error_message, user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_starting_func (FridaStartingFunc fn,
+                      void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_finished_func (FridaFinishedFunc fn,
+                      void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_output_func (FridaOutputFunc fn,
+                    char * bundle,
+                    void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (bundle, user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_diagnostic_func (FridaDiagnosticFunc fn,
+                        char * category,
+                        int code,
+                        char * path,
+                        int line,
+                        int character,
+                        char * text,
+                        void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (category, code, path, line, character, text, user_data);
+}
+
+static inline void
+invoke_destroy_func (FridaDestroyFunc fn,
+                     void * user_data)
+{
+  fn (user_data);
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"runtime/cgo"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+//export _frida_compiler_backend_build
+func _frida_compiler_backend_build(cProjectRoot, cEntrypoint *C.char, outputFormat C.FridaOutputFormat, bundleFormat C.FridaBundleFormat,
+	disableTypeCheck, sourceMap, compress uintptr, cPlatform *C.char, cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int,
+	onDiagnosticFn C.FridaDiagnosticFunc, onDiagnosticData unsafe.Pointer, onCompleteFn C.FridaBuildCompleteFunc,
+	onCompleteData unsafe.Pointer, onCompleteDataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc) {
+	options := BuildOptions{
+		ProjectRoot:      C.GoString(cProjectRoot),
+		Entrypoint:       C.GoString(cEntrypoint),
+		OutputFormat:     OutputFormat(outputFormat),
+		BundleFormat:     BundleFormat(bundleFormat),
+		DisableTypeCheck: disableTypeCheck != 0,
+		SourceMap:        sourceMap != 0,
+		Compress:         compress != 0,
+		Platform:         platformFromFrida(C.GoString(cPlatform)),
+		Externals:        parseCExternals(cExternals, numExternals),
+	}
+	onDiagnostic := NewCDelegate(onDiagnosticFn, onDiagnosticData, nil)
+	onComplete := NewCDelegate(onCompleteFn, onCompleteData, onCompleteDataDestroy)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer onComplete.Dispose()
+		defer onDiagnostic.Dispose()
+
+		onDiagnostic := makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic)
+
+		bundle, err := build(options, onDiagnostic)
+
+		var cBundle, cErrorMessage *C.char
+		if err == nil {
+			cBundle = C.CString(bundle)
+		} else {
+			cErrorMessage = C.CString(err.Error())
+		}
+		C.invoke_build_complete_func(onComplete.Func, cBundle, cErrorMessage, onComplete.Data)
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cBundle))
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cErrorMessage))
+	}()
+}
+
+//export _frida_compiler_backend_watch
+func _frida_compiler_backend_watch(cProjectRoot, cEntrypoint *C.char, outputFormat C.FridaOutputFormat, bundleFormat C.FridaBundleFormat,
+	disableTypeCheck, sourceMap, compress uintptr, cPlatform *C.char, cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int,
+	onStartingFn C.FridaStartingFunc, onStartingData unsafe.Pointer,
+	onFinishedFn C.FridaFinishedFunc, onFinishedData unsafe.Pointer,
+	onOutputFn C.FridaOutputFunc, onOutputData unsafe.Pointer,
+	onDiagnosticFn C.FridaDiagnosticFunc, onDiagnosticData unsafe.Pointer,
+	onReadyFn C.FridaWatchReadyFunc, onReadyData unsafe.Pointer, onReadyDataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc) {
+	options := BuildOptions{
+		ProjectRoot:      C.GoString(cProjectRoot),
+		Entrypoint:       C.GoString(cEntrypoint),
+		OutputFormat:     OutputFormat(outputFormat),
+		BundleFormat:     BundleFormat(bundleFormat),
+		DisableTypeCheck: disableTypeCheck != 0,
+		SourceMap:        sourceMap != 0,
+		Compress:         compress != 0,
+		Platform:         platformFromFrida(C.GoString(cPlatform)),
+		Externals:        parseCExternals(cExternals, numExternals),
+	}
+	onStarting := NewCDelegate(onStartingFn, onStartingData, nil)
+	onFinished := NewCDelegate(onFinishedFn, onFinishedData, nil)
+	onOutput := NewCDelegate(onOutputFn, onOutputData, nil)
+	onDiagnostic := NewCDelegate(onDiagnosticFn, onDiagnosticData, nil)
+	onReady := NewCDelegate(onReadyFn, onReadyData, onReadyDataDestroy)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer onReady.Dispose()
+
+		onDispose := func() {
+			onStarting.Dispose()
+			onFinished.Dispose()
+			onOutput.Dispose()
+			onDiagnostic.Dispose()
+		}
+
+		callbacks := BuildEventCallbacks{
+			OnStart: func() {
+				C.invoke_starting_func(onStarting.Func, onStarting.Data)
+			},
+			OnEnd: func() {
+				C.invoke_finished_func(onFinished.Func, onFinished.Data)
+			},
+			OnOutput: func(bundle string) {
+				cBundle := C.CString(bundle)
+				C.invoke_output_func(onOutput.Func, cBundle, onOutput.Data)
+				C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cBundle))
+			},
+			OnDiagnostic: makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic),
+		}
+
+		session, err := NewWatchSession(options, onDispose, callbacks)
+
+		var cSession C.uintptr_t
+		var cErrorMessage *C.char
+		if err == nil {
+			cSession = C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(session))
+		} else {
+			cErrorMessage = C.CString(err.Error())
+		}
+		C.invoke_watch_ready_func(onReady.Func, cSession, cErrorMessage, onReady.Data)
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cErrorMessage))
+	}()
+}
+
+//export _frida_compiler_backend_watch_session_dispose
+func _frida_compiler_backend_watch_session_dispose(h uintptr) {
+	handle := cgo.Handle(h)
+	session := handle.Value().(*WatchSession)
+	session.Dispose()
+	handle.Delete()
+}
+
+func parseCExternals(cExternals **C.char, numExternals C.int) []string {
+	if numExternals == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	n := int(numExternals)
+	cArray := (*[1 << 20]*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(cExternals))[:n:n]
+
+	externals := make([]string, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		externals[i] = C.GoString(cArray[i])
+	}
+
+	return externals
+}
+
+func makeCBuildDiagnosticCallback(onDiagnostic *CDelegate[C.FridaDiagnosticFunc]) BuildDiagnosticCallback {
+	return func(d Diagnostic) {
+		var cPath *C.char
+		if d.path != "" {
+			cPath = C.CString(d.path)
+		}
+		cCategory := C.CString(d.category)
+		cText := C.CString(d.text)
+
+		C.invoke_diagnostic_func(onDiagnostic.Func, cCategory, C.int(d.code), cPath, C.int(d.line),
+			C.int(d.character), cText, onDiagnostic.Data)
+
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cCategory))
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cPath))
+		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cText))
+	}
+}
+
+type CDelegate[F any] struct {
+	Func        F
+	null        F
+	Data        unsafe.Pointer
+	dataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc
+}
+
+func NewCDelegate[F any](function F, data unsafe.Pointer, dataDestroy C.FridaDestroyFunc) *CDelegate[F] {
+	return &CDelegate[F]{Func: function, Data: data, dataDestroy: dataDestroy}
+}
+
+func (d *CDelegate[F]) Dispose() {
+	if d.dataDestroy != nil {
+		C.invoke_destroy_func(d.dataDestroy, d.Data)
+	}
+	d.Func = d.null
+	d.Data = nil
+	d.dataDestroy = nil
+}
+
+func main() {}
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+//go:build frida_compiler_backend_executable
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type BackendRequest struct {
+	Type             string   `json:"type"`
+	ID               uint     `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	SessionID        uint     `json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+	ProjectRoot      string   `json:"project_root,omitempty"`
+	Entrypoint       string   `json:"entrypoint,omitempty"`
+	OutputFormat     string   `json:"output_format,omitempty"`
+	BundleFormat     string   `json:"bundle_format,omitempty"`
+	DisableTypeCheck bool     `json:"disable_type_check,omitempty"`
+	SourceMap        bool     `json:"source_map,omitempty"`
+	Compress         bool     `json:"compress,omitempty"`
+	Platform         string   `json:"platform,omitempty"`
+	Externals        []string `json:"externals,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type BackendEvent struct {
+	Type      string `json:"type"`
+	ID        uint   `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	SessionID uint   `json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	Bundle string `json:"bundle,omitempty"`
+	Error  string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+
+	Category  string `json:"category,omitempty"`
+	Code      int    `json:"code,omitempty"`
+	Path      string `json:"path,omitempty"`
+	Line      int    `json:"line,omitempty"`
+	Character int    `json:"character,omitempty"`
+	Text      string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if err := run(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func run() error {
+	reader := bufio.NewReaderSize(os.Stdin, 128*1024)
+	writer := bufio.NewWriterSize(os.Stdout, 128*1024)
+
+	var outputMu sync.Mutex
+	var sessionsMu sync.Mutex
+	sessions := make(map[uint]*WatchSession)
+
+	emit := func(ev BackendEvent) {
+		outputMu.Lock()
+		defer outputMu.Unlock()
+
+		if err := writeMessage(writer, ev); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		var req BackendRequest
+		if err := readMessage(reader, &req); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		switch req.Type {
+		case "build":
+			go func(req BackendRequest) {
+				options, err := buildOptionsFromRequest(req)
+				if err != nil {
+					emit(BackendEvent{
+						Type:  "build:complete",
+						ID:    req.ID,
+						Error: err.Error(),
+					})
+					return
+				}
+
+				onDiagnostic := func(d Diagnostic) {
+					ev := BackendEvent{
+						Type:      "build:diagnostic",
+						ID:        req.ID,
+						Category:  d.category,
+						Code:      d.code,
+						Path:      d.path,
+						Line:      d.line,
+						Character: d.character,
+						Text:      d.text,
+					}
+					emit(ev)
+				}
+
+				bundle, err := build(options, onDiagnostic)
+
+				ev := BackendEvent{
+					Type: "build:complete",
+					ID:   req.ID,
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					ev.Error = err.Error()
+				} else {
+					ev.Bundle = bundle
+				}
+				emit(ev)
+			}(req)
+
+		case "watch":
+			go func(req BackendRequest) {
+				options, err := buildOptionsFromRequest(req)
+				if err != nil {
+					emit(BackendEvent{
+						Type:      "watch:ready",
+						SessionID: req.SessionID,
+						Error:     err.Error(),
+					})
+					return
+				}
+
+				callbacks := BuildEventCallbacks{
+					OnStart: func() {
+						emit(BackendEvent{
+							Type:      "watch:starting",
+							SessionID: req.SessionID,
+						})
+					},
+					OnEnd: func() {
+						emit(BackendEvent{
+							Type:      "watch:finished",
+							SessionID: req.SessionID,
+						})
+					},
+					OnOutput: func(bundle string) {
+						emit(BackendEvent{
+							Type:      "watch:output",
+							SessionID: req.SessionID,
+							Bundle:    bundle,
+						})
+					},
+					OnDiagnostic: func(d Diagnostic) {
+						emit(BackendEvent{
+							Type:      "watch:diagnostic",
+							SessionID: req.SessionID,
+							Category:  d.category,
+							Code:      d.code,
+							Path:      d.path,
+							Line:      d.line,
+							Character: d.character,
+							Text:      d.text,
+						})
+					},
+				}
+
+				var session *WatchSession
+				onDispose := func() {
+					sessionsMu.Lock()
+					delete(sessions, req.SessionID)
+					sessionsMu.Unlock()
+				}
+
+				session, err = NewWatchSession(options, onDispose, callbacks)
+				if err != nil {
+					emit(BackendEvent{
+						Type:      "watch:ready",
+						SessionID: req.SessionID,
+						Error:     err.Error(),
+					})
+					return
+				}
+
+				sessionsMu.Lock()
+				sessions[req.SessionID] = session
+				sessionsMu.Unlock()
+
+				emit(BackendEvent{
+					Type:      "watch:ready",
+					SessionID: req.SessionID,
+				})
+			}(req)
+
+		case "dispose":
+			sessionsMu.Lock()
+			session := sessions[req.SessionID]
+			delete(sessions, req.SessionID)
+			sessionsMu.Unlock()
+
+			if session != nil {
+				session.Dispose()
+			}
+
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported request type: %q", req.Type)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func buildOptionsFromRequest(req BackendRequest) (BuildOptions, error) {
+	outputFormat, err := outputFormatFromNick(req.OutputFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BuildOptions{}, err
+	}
+
+	bundleFormat, err := bundleFormatFromNick(req.BundleFormat)
+	if err != nil {
+		return BuildOptions{}, err
+	}
+
+	return BuildOptions{
+		ProjectRoot:      req.ProjectRoot,
+		Entrypoint:       req.Entrypoint,
+		OutputFormat:     outputFormat,
+		BundleFormat:     bundleFormat,
+		DisableTypeCheck: req.DisableTypeCheck,
+		SourceMap:        req.SourceMap,
+		Compress:         req.Compress,
+		Platform:         platformFromFrida(req.Platform),
+		Externals:        req.Externals,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func readMessage(r io.Reader, out any) error {
+	var size uint32
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &size); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, size)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return json.Unmarshal(buf, out)
+}
+
+func writeMessage(w *bufio.Writer, msg any) error {
+	buf, err := json.Marshal(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.BigEndian, uint32(len(buf))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := w.Write(buf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return w.Flush()
+}
@@ -4,23 +4,40 @@ compiler_sources = files(
 )

 if have_compiler_backend
-  output_suffix = compiler_backend_static_compilation ? '' : '-raw'
+  if compiler_backend_mode == 'c-archive'
+    output_files = [
+      'frida-compiler-backend.a',
+      'frida-compiler-backend.h',
+    ]
+  elif compiler_backend_mode == 'c-shared'
+    output_files = [
+      'frida-compiler-backend-raw' + shlib_suffix,
+      'frida-compiler-backend-raw.h',
+    ]
+  elif compiler_backend_mode == 'pie'
+    output_files = [
+      'frida-compiler-backend-raw' + exe_suffix,
+    ]
+  endif
+
  compiler_backend = custom_target('frida-compiler-backend',
    input: [
      'go.mod',
      'go.sum',
+      'frontend_capi.go',
+      'frontend_stdio.go',
      'backend.go',
+      'protocol_types.go',
      'backend.version',
+      'backend.symbols',
      'tscompiler.go',
      'tsconfig.go',
      'shims.go',
      'package.json',
      'package-lock.json',
    ],
-    output: [
-      'frida-compiler-backend' + output_suffix + (compiler_backend_static_compilation ? '.a' : shlib_suffix),
-      'frida-compiler-backend' + output_suffix + '.h',
-    ],
+    output: output_files,
+    depend_files: go_config,
    command: [
      python,
      files('build-backend.py'),
@@ -32,35 +49,53 @@ if have_compiler_backend
      '@INPUT@',
    ],
  )
-  if compiler_backend_static_compilation
+
+  if compiler_backend_mode == 'c-archive'
    backend_libs += compiler_backend[0]
  else
-    filename = 'frida-compiler-backend' + shlib_suffix
-    identity = (host_os_family == 'darwin') ? 'FridaCompilerBackend' : filename
-    compiler_backend_shlib = custom_target('frida-compiler-backend-shlib',
-      input: compiler_backend[0],
-      output: filename,
-      command: post_process + ['shared-library', identity, 'elf-cleaner:off'],
-    )
+    if compiler_backend_mode == 'c-shared'
+      processed_filename = 'frida-compiler-backend' + shlib_suffix
+      identity = (host_os_family == 'darwin') ? 'FridaCompilerBackend' : processed_filename
+      compiler_backend_binary = custom_target('frida-compiler-backend-binary',
+        input: compiler_backend[0],
+        output: processed_filename,
+        command: post_process + ['shared-library', identity, 'elf-cleaner:off'],
+        install: assets_mode == 'installed',
+        install_dir: get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name / 'plugins',
+      )
+    elif compiler_backend_mode == 'pie'
+      processed_filename = 'frida-compiler-backend' + exe_suffix
+      compiler_backend_binary = custom_target('frida-compiler-backend-binary',
+        input: compiler_backend[0],
+        output: processed_filename,
+        command: post_process + ['executable', processed_filename],
+        install: assets_mode == 'installed',
+        install_dir: get_option('libdir') / frida_libdir_name / 'plugins',
+      )
+    endif

-    compiler_data = custom_target('frida-data-compiler',
-      input: [
-        'compiler.resources',
-        compiler_backend_shlib,
-      ],
-      output: [
-        'frida-data-compiler.vapi',
-        'frida-data-compiler.h',
-        'frida-data-compiler.c',
-        'frida-data-compiler-blob' + resource_blob_extension,
-      ],
-      command: [
-        resource_compiler_cmd_array,
-        '-c', '@INPUT0@',
-        '-o', meson.current_build_dir() / 'frida-data-compiler',
-        '@INPUT1@',
-      ],
-    )
-    backend_sources += compiler_data
+    if assets_mode == 'installed'
+      core_extra_link_depends += compiler_backend_binary
+    else
+      compiler_data = custom_target('frida-data-compiler',
+        input: [
+          'compiler.resources',
+          compiler_backend_binary,
+        ],
+        output: [
+          'frida-data-compiler.vapi',
+          'frida-data-compiler.h',
+          'frida-data-compiler.c',
+          'frida-data-compiler-blob' + resource_blob_extension,
+        ],
+        command: [
+          resource_compiler_cmd_array,
+          '-c', '@INPUT0@',
+          '-o', meson.current_build_dir() / 'frida-data-compiler',
+          '@INPUT1@',
+        ],
+      )
+      backend_sources += compiler_data
+    endif
  endif
 endif
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
        "@frida/url": "^1.0.2",
        "@frida/util": "^1.0.3",
        "@frida/vm": "^2.0.0",
-        "@types/frida-gum": "19.0.2",
+        "@types/frida-gum": "^19.10.0",
        "@types/node": "18.19.103",
        "frida-fs": "7.0.0"
      }
@@ -248,9 +248,9 @@
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/@types/frida-gum": {
-      "version": "19.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/frida-gum/-/frida-gum-19.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oh/f1r8dIMDWBoziXP3geIJ8ga/siU32MuifBztGsDglOKbHrhS0E3z0Dab0MIe3UFzC4Bvz/GRHfin2LDE8BQ==",
+      "version": "19.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/frida-gum/-/frida-gum-19.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GBKAzwmamtNPBXEcIve1yJ6BB9ZgyW9al3+f06S+lDAvennOx9GfFQ9RDY9kP5nJrkiiRHLzgbDFjQ/+g+iw1Q==",
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/@types/node": {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
    "@frida/url": "^1.0.2",
    "@frida/util": "^1.0.3",
    "@frida/vm": "^2.0.0",
-    "@types/frida-gum": "19.0.2",
+    "@types/frida-gum": "^19.10.0",
    "@types/node": "18.19.103",
    "frida-fs": "7.0.0"
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	esbuild "github.com/evanw/esbuild/pkg/api"
+)
+
+type OutputFormat int
+
+const (
+	OutputFormatUnescaped OutputFormat = iota
+	OutputFormatHexBytes
+	OutputFormatCString
+)
+
+func outputFormatFromNick(s string) (OutputFormat, error) {
+	switch s {
+	case "unescaped":
+		return OutputFormatUnescaped, nil
+	case "hex-bytes":
+		return OutputFormatHexBytes, nil
+	case "c-string":
+		return OutputFormatCString, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown output format: %q", s)
+	}
+}
+
+type BundleFormat int
+
+const (
+	BundleFormatESM BundleFormat = iota
+	BundleFormatIIFE
+)
+
+func bundleFormatFromNick(s string) (BundleFormat, error) {
+	switch s {
+	case "esm":
+		return BundleFormatESM, nil
+	case "iife":
+		return BundleFormatIIFE, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown bundle format: %q", s)
+	}
+}
+
+func platformFromFrida(s string) esbuild.Platform {
+	switch s {
+	case "gum":
+		return esbuild.PlatformNode
+	case "browser":
+		return esbuild.PlatformBrowser
+	case "neutral":
+		return esbuild.PlatformNeutral
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown platform: %q", s))
+	}
+}
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module github.com/frida/frida-symbol-replacer

-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.3
@@ -71,17 +71,7 @@ func main() {
 	}

 	data, _ := io.ReadAll(f)
-	modifiedData := make([]byte, len(data))
-
-	for i := 0; i < len(data); {
-		if l, replacement, ok := t.search(data, i); ok {
-			copy(modifiedData[i:], replacement)
-			i += l
-		} else {
-			modifiedData[i] = data[i]
-			i++
-		}
-	}
+	modifiedData := renameSymbolsWithinStringTables(data, t)

 	f.Truncate(0)
 	f.Seek(0, 0)
@@ -95,6 +85,24 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }

+func renameSymbolsWithinStringTables(data []byte, t *trie) []byte {
+	renamed := make([]byte, len(data))
+	copy(renamed, data)
+
+	for _, r := range symbolStringTableRanges(data) {
+		for i := r.lo; i < r.hi; {
+			if length, replacement, ok := t.search(data, i); ok && i+length <= r.hi {
+				copy(renamed[i:], replacement)
+				i += length
+			} else {
+				i++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return renamed
+}
+
 func flipAlpha(s []byte) []byte {
 	dt := make([]byte, len(s))
 	copy(dt, s)
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"debug/elf"
+	"debug/pe"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const coffSymbolSize = 18
+
+// debug/macho cannot read the symbol table of the object the Go linker emits
+// on Darwin, so the Mach-O load commands are parsed directly.
+var machoMagic64 = []byte{0xcf, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xfe}
+
+const (
+	machoHeaderSize    = 32
+	machoSymtabCommand = 0x2
+)
+
+type span struct {
+	lo, hi int
+}
+
+type member struct {
+	name string
+	span
+}
+
+func symbolStringTableRanges(data []byte) []span {
+	var ranges []span
+	for _, m := range archiveMembers(data) {
+		// The archive symbol index maps names to members and is what the linker
+		// consults; ranlib does not rebuild it for every format, so its names
+		// are renamed wholesale. It holds only names and offsets, never the
+		// runtime data that must be left intact inside objects.
+		if isArchiveSymbolIndex(m.name) {
+			ranges = append(ranges, m.span)
+			continue
+		}
+		object := data[m.lo:m.hi]
+		for _, table := range objectStringTableRanges(object) {
+			ranges = append(ranges, span{m.lo + table.lo, m.lo + table.hi})
+		}
+	}
+	return ranges
+}
+
+func archiveMembers(data []byte) []member {
+	var members []member
+	pos := len("!<arch>\n")
+	for pos+60 <= len(data) {
+		header := data[pos : pos+60]
+
+		size, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(bytes.TrimSpace(header[48:58])))
+
+		body := pos + 60
+		end := body + size
+
+		lo := body
+		name := string(bytes.TrimRight(header[0:16], " "))
+		if longNameLength, ok := bsdLongNameLength(name); ok {
+			lo += longNameLength
+			name = string(data[body : body+longNameLength])
+		}
+
+		members = append(members, member{name, span{lo, end}})
+
+		pos = end + end%2
+	}
+	return members
+}
+
+func bsdLongNameLength(name string) (int, bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "#1/") {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	length, _ := strconv.Atoi(name[3:])
+	return length, true
+}
+
+func isArchiveSymbolIndex(name string) bool {
+	return name == "/" || name == "//" || strings.HasPrefix(name, "__.SYMDEF")
+}
+
+func objectStringTableRanges(object []byte) []span {
+	if f, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(object)); err == nil {
+		return elfStringTableRanges(f)
+	}
+
+	if bytes.HasPrefix(object, machoMagic64) {
+		return machoStringTableRanges(object)
+	}
+
+	if f, err := pe.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(object)); err == nil {
+		return coffStringTableRanges(f)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func elfStringTableRanges(f *elf.File) []span {
+	var ranges []span
+	for _, s := range f.Sections {
+		if s.Type == elf.SHT_STRTAB {
+			ranges = append(ranges, span{int(s.Offset), int(s.Offset + s.Size)})
+		}
+	}
+	return ranges
+}
+
+func machoStringTableRanges(object []byte) []span {
+	commandCount := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[16:])
+	offset := machoHeaderSize
+	for i := uint32(0); i < commandCount; i++ {
+		command := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[offset:])
+		commandSize := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[offset+4:])
+		if command == machoSymtabCommand {
+			lo := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[offset+16:]))
+			size := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(object[offset+20:]))
+			return []span{{lo, lo + size}}
+		}
+		offset += int(commandSize)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// COFF keeps names longer than eight bytes in the string table and stores
+// shorter ones inline in the symbol record, where an eight-byte name has no
+// terminator. Both must be renamed, and the inline ranges are exactly the
+// record's name field so a match cannot reach into the record's other fields.
+func coffStringTableRanges(f *pe.File) []span {
+	symbolTable := int(f.FileHeader.PointerToSymbolTable)
+	symbolCount := int(f.FileHeader.NumberOfSymbols)
+
+	stringTable := symbolTable + symbolCount*coffSymbolSize
+	ranges := []span{{stringTable + 4, stringTable + 4 + len(f.StringTable)}}
+
+	for i := 0; i < symbolCount; {
+		symbol := f.COFFSymbols[i]
+		if storedInline(symbol.Name) {
+			name := symbolTable + i*coffSymbolSize
+			ranges = append(ranges, span{name, name + 8})
+		}
+		i += 1 + int(symbol.NumberOfAuxSymbols)
+	}
+	return ranges
+}
+
+func storedInline(name [8]uint8) bool {
+	return name[0] != 0 || name[1] != 0 || name[2] != 0 || name[3] != 0
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
 namespace Frida {
+	/**
+	 * Hosts a Frida control endpoint that frida-server-style clients can connect
+	 * to, exposing the local system over the network.
+	 */
 	public sealed class ControlService : Object {
+		/**
+		 * The endpoint the service listens on.
+		 */
 		public EndpointParameters endpoint_params {
 			get;
 			construct;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * The options the service was configured with.
+		 */
 		public ControlServiceOptions options {
 			get;
 			construct;
@@ -39,6 +49,12 @@ namespace Frida {
 			STOPPING
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Creates a control service listening on the given endpoint.
+		 *
+		 * @param endpoint_params the endpoint to listen on
+		 * @param options service options, or null for the defaults
+		 */
 		public ControlService (EndpointParameters endpoint_params, ControlServiceOptions? options = null) throws Error {
 #if HAVE_LOCAL_BACKEND
 			ControlServiceOptions opts = (options != null) ? options : new ControlServiceOptions ();
@@ -49,8 +65,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 			session = new WindowsHostSession (new WindowsHelperProcess (tempdir), tempdir);
 #endif
 #if DARWIN
-			session = new DarwinHostSession (new DarwinHelperBackend (), new TemporaryDirectory (),
-				opts.sysroot, opts.report_crashes);
+			session = new DarwinHostSession (new DarwinHelperBackend (), new TemporaryDirectory (), opts.report_crashes);
 #endif
 #if LINUX
 			var tempdir = new TemporaryDirectory ();
@@ -74,6 +89,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 #endif
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Creates a control service exposing a specific device rather than the
+		 * local system.
+		 *
+		 * @param device the device to expose
+		 * @param endpoint_params the endpoint to listen on
+		 * @param options service options, or null for the defaults
+		 */
 		public async ControlService.with_device (Device device, EndpointParameters endpoint_params,
 				ControlServiceOptions? options = null, Cancellable? cancellable = null) throws Error, IOError {
 			ControlServiceOptions opts = (options != null) ? options : new ControlServiceOptions ();
@@ -99,6 +122,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private void assign_session (HostSession session, HostSessionProvider provider) {
 			host_session = session;
+			host_session.spawn_gating_disabled.connect (on_spawn_gating_disabled);
 			host_session.spawn_added.connect (notify_spawn_added);
 			host_session.child_added.connect (notify_child_added);
 			host_session.child_removed.connect (notify_child_removed);
@@ -112,6 +136,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 			this.provider = provider;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Starts the service, binding the endpoint and accepting clients.
+		 */
 		public async void start (Cancellable? cancellable = null) throws Error, IOError {
 			if (state != STOPPED)
 				throw new Error.INVALID_OPERATION ("Invalid operation");
@@ -147,6 +174,9 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Stops the service, disconnecting clients and releasing the endpoint.
+		 */
 		public async void stop (Cancellable? cancellable = null) throws Error, IOError {
 			if (state != STARTED)
 				throw new Error.INVALID_OPERATION ("Invalid operation");
@@ -360,18 +390,30 @@ namespace Frida {
 			public void kick_authentication_channel (AuthenticationChannel channel) {
 				var source = new IdleSource ();
 				source.set_callback (() => {
-					channel.connection.close.begin (io_cancellable);
+					perform_kick.begin (channel);
 					return false;
 				});
 				source.attach (MainContext.get_thread_default ());
 			}

+			private async void perform_kick (AuthenticationChannel channel) {
+				try {
+					yield channel.connection.flush (io_cancellable);
+				} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+				}
+				try {
+					yield channel.connection.close (io_cancellable);
+				} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+				}
+			}
+
 			public async void teardown_control_channel (ControlChannel channel) {
 				yield parent.teardown_control_channel (channel);
 			}

-			public async void enable_spawn_gating (ControlChannel requester) throws GLib.Error {
-				yield parent.enable_spawn_gating (requester);
+			public async void enable_spawn_gating (HashTable<string, Variant> options, ControlChannel requester)
+					throws GLib.Error {
+				yield parent.enable_spawn_gating (options, requester);
 			}

 			public async void disable_spawn_gating (ControlChannel requester) throws GLib.Error {
@@ -509,20 +551,27 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return channels.iterator ();
 		}

-		private async void enable_spawn_gating (ControlChannel requester) throws GLib.Error {
+		private async void enable_spawn_gating (HashTable<string, Variant> options, ControlChannel requester)
+				throws GLib.Error {
 			bool is_first = spawn_gaters.is_empty;
 			spawn_gaters.add (requester);
 			foreach (var spawn in pending_spawn.values)
 				spawn.pending_approvers.add (requester);

 			if (is_first)
-				yield host_session.enable_spawn_gating (io_cancellable);
+				yield host_session.enable_spawn_gating_with_options (options, io_cancellable);
 		}

 		private async void disable_spawn_gating (ControlChannel requester) throws GLib.Error {
 			if (spawn_gaters.remove (requester)) {
-				foreach (uint pid in pending_spawn.keys.to_array ())
-					host_session.resume.begin (pid, io_cancellable);
+				foreach (uint pid in pending_spawn.keys.to_array ()) {
+					PendingSpawn spawn = pending_spawn[pid];
+					var approvers = spawn.pending_approvers;
+					if (approvers.remove (requester) && approvers.is_empty) {
+						forget_pending_spawn (pid, spawn);
+						host_session.resume.begin (pid, io_cancellable);
+					}
+				}
 			}

 			if (spawn_gaters.is_empty)
@@ -547,11 +596,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			var approvers = spawn.pending_approvers;
 			approvers.remove (requester);
 			if (approvers.is_empty) {
-				pending_spawn.unset (pid);
-
+				forget_pending_spawn (pid, spawn);
 				yield host_session.resume (pid, io_cancellable);
-
-				notify_spawn_removed (spawn.info);
 			}
 		}

@@ -658,11 +704,29 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return id;
 		}

+		// Backend disabled gating and already resumed everything; drop our mirror, tell the gaters.
+		private void on_spawn_gating_disabled (SpawnGatingDisabledReason reason) {
+			foreach (var spawn in pending_spawn.values.to_array ())
+				notify_spawn_removed (spawn.info);
+			pending_spawn.clear ();
+
+			foreach (ControlChannel channel in spawn_gaters)
+				channel.spawn_gating_disabled (reason);
+			spawn_gaters.clear ();
+		}
+
 		private void notify_spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info) {
+			pending_spawn[info.pid] = new PendingSpawn (info.pid, info.identifier, spawn_gaters.iterator ());
+
 			foreach (ControlChannel channel in spawn_gaters)
 				channel.spawn_added (info);
 		}

+		private void forget_pending_spawn (uint pid, PendingSpawn spawn) {
+			pending_spawn.unset (pid);
+			notify_spawn_removed (spawn.info);
+		}
+
 		private void notify_spawn_removed (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			foreach (ControlChannel channel in spawn_gaters)
 				channel.spawn_removed (info);
@@ -698,12 +762,13 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private void on_agent_session_detached (AgentSessionId id, SessionDetachReason reason, CrashInfo crash) {
 			AgentSessionEntry entry;
-			if (agent_sessions.unset (id, out entry)) {
-				ControlChannel? controller = entry.controller;
-				if (controller != null) {
-					controller.agent_sessions.remove (id);
-					controller.agent_session_detached (id, reason, crash);
-				}
+			bool entry_found = agent_sessions.unset (id, out entry);
+			ControlChannel? controller = entry_found ? entry.controller : null;
+			GLib.info ("detach-trace: ControlService session detached id=%s reason=%d entry_found=%s controller=%p",
+				id.handle, reason, entry_found.to_string (), controller);
+			if (controller != null) {
+				controller.agent_sessions.remove (id);
+				controller.agent_session_detached (id, reason, crash);
 			}
 		}

@@ -897,7 +962,12 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}

 			public async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error {
-				yield parent.enable_spawn_gating (this);
+				yield parent.enable_spawn_gating (make_parameters_dict (), this);
+			}
+
+			public async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+					Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error {
+				yield parent.enable_spawn_gating (options, this);
 			}

 			public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error {
@@ -1125,18 +1195,22 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}
 	}

+	/**
+	 * Options for a {@link ControlService}.
+	 */
 	public sealed class ControlServiceOptions : Object {
-		public string? sysroot {
-			get;
-			set;
-		}
-
+		/**
+		 * Whether to preload the agent for faster first attach.
+		 */
 		public bool enable_preload {
 			get;
 			set;
 			default = true;
 		}

+		/**
+		 * Whether to capture and report crashes in instrumented processes.
+		 */
 		public bool report_crashes {
 			get;
 			set;
@@ -177,6 +177,13 @@ function applyJailbreakQuirks() {
  if (inserterResume !== null) {
    pidsToIgnore = new Set();
    instrumentInserter(inserterResume);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const ellekitGate = findEllekitShouldEnableTweaks();
+  if (ellekitGate !== null) {
+    pidsToIgnore = new Set();
+    instrumentEllekitInjector(ellekitGate);
  }
 }

@@ -237,6 +244,18 @@ function instrumentInserter(at) {
  }, 'int', ['uint', 'uint', 'uint', 'uint']));
 }

+function instrumentEllekitInjector(shouldEnableTweaks) {
+  const retType = 'int';
+  const argTypes = ['uint'];
+  const original = new NativeFunction(shouldEnableTweaks, retType, argTypes);
+  Interceptor.replace(shouldEnableTweaks, new NativeCallback(pid => {
+    if (pidsToIgnore.delete(pid))
+      return 0;
+
+    return original(pid);
+  }, retType, argTypes));
+}
+
 function findJbdCallImpl() {
  const impl = Module.findGlobalExportByName('jbd_call');
  if (impl !== null)
@@ -330,3 +349,20 @@ function findInserterResume() {

  return null;
 }
+
+function findEllekitShouldEnableTweaks() {
+  const impl = Module.findGlobalExportByName('should_enable_tweaks');
+  if (impl !== null)
+    return impl;
+
+  for (const name of ['libinjector.dylib', 'TweakLoader.dylib']) {
+    const mod = Process.findModuleByName(name);
+    if (mod !== null) {
+      const exp = mod.findExportByName('should_enable_tweaks');
+      if (exp !== null)
+        return exp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>

 #ifdef HAVE_MACOS
+# import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

 typedef struct _FridaMacModel FridaMacModel;

@@ -62,3 +63,51 @@ _frida_darwin_host_session_provider_try_extract_icon (void)
  return NULL;
 #endif
 }
+
+gchar *
+_frida_darwin_host_session_path_for_application_identifier (const gchar * identifier, GError ** error)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_MACOS
+  gchar * result = NULL;
+  NSAutoreleasePool * pool;
+  NSString * bundle_id;
+  NSURL * bundle_url, * executable_url;
+
+  pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
+
+  bundle_id = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:identifier];
+
+  bundle_url = [[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] URLForApplicationWithBundleIdentifier:bundle_id];
+  if (bundle_url == nil)
+    goto not_found;
+
+  executable_url = [NSBundle bundleWithURL:bundle_url].executableURL;
+  if (executable_url == nil)
+    goto not_found;
+
+  result = g_strdup (executable_url.path.UTF8String);
+  goto beach;
+
+not_found:
+  {
+    g_set_error (error,
+        FRIDA_ERROR,
+        FRIDA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        "Unable to find application with identifier '%s'",
+        identifier);
+    goto beach;
+  }
+beach:
+  {
+    [pool release];
+
+    return result;
+  }
+#else
+  g_set_error (error,
+      FRIDA_ERROR,
+      FRIDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+      "Not supported on this platform");
+  return NULL;
+#endif
+}
@@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ namespace Frida {
 			construct;
 		}

-		public string? sysroot {
-			get;
-			construct;
-		}
-
 		public bool report_crashes {
 			get;
 			construct;
@@ -44,17 +39,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 #if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS
 				return null;
 #else
-				unowned string path = Config.FRIDA_AGENT_PATH;
-# if IOS || TVOS
-				unowned string? cryptex_path = Environment.get_variable ("CRYPTEX_MOUNT_PATH");
-				if (cryptex_path != null)
-					return cryptex_path + path;
-# endif
-				unowned string? root_path = sysroot;
-				if (root_path != null)
-					return root_path + path;
-
-				return path;
+				return Frida.agent_path;
 #endif
 			}
 		}
@@ -70,18 +55,17 @@ namespace Frida {
 		private ApplicationEnumerator application_enumerator = new ApplicationEnumerator ();
 		private ProcessEnumerator process_enumerator = new ProcessEnumerator ();

-		public DarwinHostSession (owned DarwinHelper helper, owned TemporaryDirectory tempdir, owned string? sysroot = null,
-				bool report_crashes = true) {
+		public DarwinHostSession (owned DarwinHelper helper, owned TemporaryDirectory tempdir, bool report_crashes = true) {
 			Object (
 				helper: helper,
 				tempdir: tempdir,
-				sysroot: sysroot,
 				report_crashes: report_crashes
 			);
 		}

 		construct {
 			helper.output.connect (on_output);
+			helper.gating_cancelled.connect (on_spawn_gating_cancelled);
 			helper.spawn_added.connect (on_spawn_added);
 			helper.spawn_removed.connect (on_spawn_removed);

@@ -92,11 +76,12 @@ namespace Frida {

 #if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS
 			var blob = Frida.Data.Agent.get_frida_agent_dylib_blob ();
-			agent = new AgentResource (blob.name, new Bytes.static (blob.data), tempdir);
+			agent = new AgentResource (blob.name, copy_to_aligned_pages (blob.data), tempdir);
 #endif

 #if IOS || TVOS
 			fruit_controller = new FruitController (this, io_cancellable);
+			fruit_controller.gating_cancelled.connect (on_spawn_gating_cancelled);
 			fruit_controller.spawn_added.connect (on_spawn_added);
 			fruit_controller.spawn_removed.connect (on_spawn_removed);
 			fruit_controller.process_crashed.connect (on_process_crashed);
@@ -108,6 +93,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 #if IOS || TVOS
 			yield fruit_controller.close (cancellable);
+			fruit_controller.gating_cancelled.disconnect (on_spawn_gating_cancelled);
 			fruit_controller.spawn_added.disconnect (on_spawn_added);
 			fruit_controller.spawn_removed.disconnect (on_spawn_removed);
 			fruit_controller.process_crashed.disconnect (on_process_crashed);
@@ -130,6 +116,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			yield helper.close (cancellable);
 			helper.output.disconnect (on_output);
+			helper.gating_cancelled.disconnect (on_spawn_gating_cancelled);
 			helper.spawn_added.disconnect (on_spawn_added);
 			helper.spawn_removed.disconnect (on_spawn_removed);

@@ -199,11 +186,17 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return yield process_enumerator.enumerate_processes (ProcessQueryOptions._deserialize (options));
 		}

-		public override async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public override async void enable_spawn_gating_with_options (HashTable<string, Variant> options,
+				Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			var scope = SpawnGatingOptions._deserialize (options).scope;
 #if IOS || TVOS
+			if (scope == PROCESSES)
+				throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED (
+					"Process-level gating is unavailable on this OS; use the 'applications' scope");
+
 			yield fruit_controller.enable_spawn_gating (cancellable);
 #else
-			yield helper.enable_spawn_gating (cancellable);
+			yield helper.enable_spawn_gating (scope, cancellable);
 #endif
 		}

@@ -213,6 +206,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 #else
 			yield helper.disable_spawn_gating (cancellable);
 #endif
+
+			spawn_gating_disabled (APPLICATION_REQUESTED);
 		}

 		public override async HostSpawnInfo[] enumerate_pending_spawn (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -225,12 +220,26 @@ namespace Frida {

 		public override async uint spawn (string program, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable)
 				throws Error, IOError {
-#if IOS || TVOS
-			if (!program.has_prefix ("/"))
-				return yield fruit_controller.spawn (program, options, cancellable);
+			string path = program;
+
+#if MACOS
+			if (!path.has_prefix ("/"))
+				path = _path_for_application_identifier (path);
+#elif IOS || TVOS
+			if (!path.has_prefix ("/"))
+				return yield fruit_controller.spawn (path, options, cancellable);
 #endif

-			return yield helper.spawn (program, options, cancellable);
+			UnixInputStream? stdin_stream = null;
+			UnixOutputStream? stdout_stream = null;
+			UnixOutputStream? stderr_stream = null;
+			if (options.stdio == INHERIT) {
+				stdin_stream = new UnixInputStream (0, false);
+				stdout_stream = new UnixOutputStream (1, false);
+				stderr_stream = new UnixOutputStream (2, false);
+			}
+
+			return yield helper.spawn (path, options, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream, cancellable);
 		}

 		protected override async void await_exec_transition (uint pid, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -290,6 +299,10 @@ namespace Frida {
 			output (pid, fd, data);
 		}

+		private void on_spawn_gating_cancelled () {
+			spawn_gating_disabled (WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT);
+		}
+
 		private void on_spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			spawn_added (info);
 		}
@@ -333,10 +346,39 @@ namespace Frida {

 			base.on_uninjected (id);
 		}
+
+		public extern static string _path_for_application_identifier (string identifier) throws Error;
+
+#if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS
+		private static Bytes copy_to_aligned_pages (uint8[] data) {
+			size_t page_size = Gum.query_page_size ();
+			size_t size = data.length;
+			uint8 * pages = (uint8 *) Gum.memory_allocate (null, size, page_size, READ | WRITE);
+			Memory.copy (pages, data, size);
+			unowned uint8[] view = (uint8[]) pages;
+			view.length = (int) size;
+			return Bytes.new_with_owner<AlignedPages> (view, new AlignedPages (pages, size));
+		}
+
+		private class AlignedPages {
+			private uint8 * pages;
+			private size_t size;
+
+			public AlignedPages (uint8 * pages, size_t size) {
+				this.pages = pages;
+				this.size = size;
+			}
+
+			~AlignedPages () {
+				Gum.memory_free (pages, size);
+			}
+		}
+#endif
 	}

 #if IOS || TVOS
 	private sealed class FruitController : Object, MappedAgentContainer {
+		public signal void gating_cancelled ();
 		public signal void spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info);
 		public signal void spawn_removed (HostSpawnInfo info);
 		public signal void process_crashed (CrashInfo crash);
@@ -361,6 +403,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 		private bool spawn_gating_enabled = false;
 		private Gee.HashMap<string, Promise<uint>> spawn_requests = new Gee.HashMap<string, Promise<uint>> ();
 		private Gee.HashMap<uint, HostSpawnInfo?> pending_spawn = new Gee.HashMap<uint, HostSpawnInfo?> ();
+		private SpawnGatingWatchdog watchdog = new SpawnGatingWatchdog ();

 		private CrashReporterState crash_reporter_state;
 		private Gee.HashMap<uint, ReportCrashAgent> crash_agents = new Gee.HashMap<uint, ReportCrashAgent> ();
@@ -399,6 +442,8 @@ namespace Frida {

 			helper.process_resumed.connect (on_process_resumed);
 			helper.process_killed.connect (on_process_killed);
+
+			watchdog.expired.connect (on_watchdog_expired);
 		}

 		~FruitController () {
@@ -432,6 +477,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 		public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			spawn_gating_enabled = false;

+			watchdog.clear ();
+
 			yield launchd_agent.disable_spawn_gating (cancellable);

 			var pending = pending_spawn.values.to_array ();
@@ -496,6 +543,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 			HostSpawnInfo? info;
 			if (!pending_spawn.unset (pid, out info))
 				return false;
+			watchdog.cancel (pid);
 			spawn_removed (info);

 			yield helper.resume (pid, cancellable);
@@ -628,6 +676,11 @@ namespace Frida {
 			launchd_agent.claim_process.begin (pid, io_cancellable);
 		}

+		private void on_watchdog_expired () {
+			disable_spawn_gating.begin (io_cancellable);
+			gating_cancelled ();
+		}
+
 		private async void handle_spawn (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			try {
 				var pid = info.pid;
@@ -646,6 +699,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 				}

 				pending_spawn[pid] = info;
+				watchdog.arm (pid);
 				spawn_added (info);
 			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
 			}
@@ -1053,7 +1107,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			var parameters = make_parameters_dict ();
 			try {
-				var header = new Json.Reader (Json.from_string (raw_header));
+				var header = make_json_reader (raw_header);
 				foreach (string member in header.list_members ()) {
 					header.read_member (member);

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#include <gio/gunixinputstream.h>
+#include <gio/gunixoutputstream.h>
 #include <glib-unix.h>
 #include <spawn.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -793,7 +795,8 @@ _frida_darwin_helper_backend_schedule_on_dispatch_queue (FridaDarwinHelperBacken

 guint
 _frida_darwin_helper_backend_spawn (FridaDarwinHelperBackend * self, const gchar * path,
-    FridaHostSpawnOptions * options, FridaStdioPipes ** pipes, GError ** error)
+    FridaHostSpawnOptions * options, GUnixInputStream * stdin_stream, GUnixOutputStream * stdout_stream,
+    GUnixOutputStream * stderr_stream, FridaStdioPipes ** pipes, GError ** error)
 {
  pid_t pid;
  FridaSpawnInstance * instance;
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@ _frida_darwin_helper_backend_spawn (FridaDarwinHelperBackend * self, const gchar
  FridaAslr aslr = FRIDA_ASLR_AUTO;
  GVariant * aslr_value;
  gchar * old_cwd = NULL;
-  int result, spawn_errno;
+  int result;

  *pipes = NULL;

@@ -830,9 +833,18 @@ _frida_darwin_helper_backend_spawn (FridaDarwinHelperBackend * self, const gchar
  if (stdio_error != NULL)
    goto propagate_stdio_error;

-  posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, (in_fd != NULL) ? in_fd->handle : 0, 0);
-  posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, (out_fd != NULL) ? out_fd->handle : 1, 1);
-  posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, (err_fd != NULL) ? err_fd->handle : 2, 2);
+  if (stdin_stream != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, g_unix_input_stream_get_fd (stdin_stream), 0);
+  else if (in_fd != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, in_fd->handle, 0);
+  if (stdout_stream != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, g_unix_output_stream_get_fd (stdout_stream), 1);
+  else if (out_fd != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, out_fd->handle, 1);
+  if (stderr_stream != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, g_unix_output_stream_get_fd (stderr_stream), 2);
+  else if (err_fd != NULL)
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&file_actions, err_fd->handle, 2);

  aslr_value = g_hash_table_lookup (options->aux, "aslr");
  if (aslr_value != NULL && !frida_parse_aslr_option (aslr_value, &aslr, error))
@@ -850,7 +862,6 @@ _frida_darwin_helper_backend_spawn (FridaDarwinHelperBackend * self, const gchar
  }

  result = posix_spawn (&pid, path, &file_actions, &attributes, argv, envp);
-  spawn_errno = errno;

  if (old_cwd != NULL)
    chdir (old_cwd);
@@ -885,7 +896,7 @@ chdir_failed:
  }
 spawn_failed:
  {
-    if (spawn_errno == EAGAIN)
+    if (result == EAGAIN)
    {
      g_set_error (error,
          FRIDA_ERROR,
@@ -899,7 +910,7 @@ spawn_failed:
          FRIDA_ERROR,
          FRIDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
          "Unable to spawn executable at '%s': %s",
-          path, g_strerror (spawn_errno));
+          path, g_strerror (result));
    }

    goto any_failure;
@@ -2125,7 +2136,11 @@ _frida_darwin_helper_backend_prepare_spawn_instance_for_injection (FridaDarwinHe

  previous_ports = &instance->previous_ports;
  kr = thread_swap_exception_ports (child_thread,
-      EXC_MASK_ALL,
+#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
+      EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS | EXC_MASK_BREAKPOINT | EXC_MASK_CRASH,
+#else
+      EXC_MASK_BREAKPOINT | EXC_MASK_CRASH,
+#endif
      instance->server_port,
      EXCEPTION_DEFAULT,
      state_flavor,
@@ -2867,6 +2882,9 @@ frida_spawn_instance_on_server_recv (void * context)
  thread_state_flavor_t state_flavor = GUM_DARWIN_THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR;
  mach_msg_type_number_t state_count = GUM_DARWIN_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
  GumDarwinUnifiedThreadState state;
+#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
+  gboolean pc_may_need_fixup_due_to_ptrauth_failure;
+#endif
  guint i, current_bp_index;
  FridaBreakpoint * breakpoint = NULL;
  gboolean carry_on, pc_changed;
@@ -2895,7 +2913,6 @@ frida_spawn_instance_on_server_recv (void * context)
 #if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
  {
    const GumAddress ret_gadget = frida_spawn_instance_get_ret_gadget_address (self);
-    gboolean pc_may_need_fixup_due_to_ptrauth_failure;

    pc_may_need_fixup_due_to_ptrauth_failure = gum_strip_code_address (GUM_ADDRESS (state.ts_64.__opaque_pc)) == ret_gadget;
    if (pc_may_need_fixup_due_to_ptrauth_failure)
@@ -2918,7 +2935,16 @@ frida_spawn_instance_on_server_recv (void * context)
 #endif

  if (request->exception != EXC_BREAKPOINT)
-    goto unexpected_exception;
+  {
+#if __has_feature (ptrauth_calls)
+    if (!pc_may_need_fixup_due_to_ptrauth_failure)
+#endif
+    {
+      if (request->exception == EXC_CRASH)
+        goto unexpected_exception;
+      goto forward_to_system;
+    }
+  }

  if (self->single_stepping >= 0)
  {
@@ -3072,6 +3098,27 @@ unexpected_exception:
    g_error_free (error);
    g_string_free (message, TRUE);

+    return;
+  }
+forward_to_system:
+  {
+    __Reply__exception_raise_t response;
+    mach_msg_header_t * header;
+
+    bzero (&response, sizeof (response));
+    header = &response.Head;
+    header->msgh_bits = MACH_MSGH_BITS (MACH_MSG_TYPE_MOVE_SEND_ONCE, 0);
+    header->msgh_size = sizeof (response);
+    header->msgh_remote_port = request->Head.msgh_remote_port;
+    header->msgh_local_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+    header->msgh_reserved = 0;
+    header->msgh_id = request->Head.msgh_id + 100;
+    response.NDR = NDR_record;
+    response.RetCode = KERN_FAILURE;
+    kr = mach_msg_send (header);
+    if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS)
+      request->Head.msgh_remote_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+
    return;
  }
 }
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			dtrace_agent = DTraceAgent.try_open ();
 			if (dtrace_agent != null) {
+				dtrace_agent.gating_cancelled.connect (on_dtrace_agent_gating_cancelled);
 				dtrace_agent.spawn_added.connect (on_dtrace_agent_spawn_added);
 				dtrace_agent.spawn_removed.connect (on_dtrace_agent_spawn_removed);
 			}
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 				yield;

 			if (dtrace_agent != null) {
+				dtrace_agent.gating_cancelled.disconnect (on_dtrace_agent_gating_cancelled);
 				dtrace_agent.spawn_added.disconnect (on_dtrace_agent_spawn_added);
 				dtrace_agent.spawn_removed.disconnect (on_dtrace_agent_spawn_removed);
 				yield dtrace_agent.close (cancellable);
@@ -107,8 +109,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 		public async void preload (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 		}

-		public async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			get_dtrace_agent ().enable_spawn_gating ();
+		public async void enable_spawn_gating (SpawnGatingScope scope, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			get_dtrace_agent ().enable_spawn_gating (scope);
 		}

 		public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -126,12 +128,13 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return dtrace_agent;
 		}

-		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, UnixInputStream? stdin_stream,
+				UnixOutputStream? stdout_stream, UnixOutputStream? stderr_stream, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			if (!FileUtils.test (path, EXISTS))
 				throw new Error.EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND ("Unable to find executable at '%s'", path);

 			StdioPipes? pipes;
-			var child_pid = _spawn (path, options, out pipes);
+			var child_pid = _spawn (path, options, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream, out pipes);

 			ChildWatch.add ((Pid) child_pid, on_child_dead);

@@ -629,6 +632,10 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

+		private void on_dtrace_agent_gating_cancelled () {
+			gating_cancelled ();
+		}
+
 		private void on_dtrace_agent_spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			spawn_added (info);
 		}
@@ -664,7 +671,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 		protected extern void _destroy_dispatch_context ();
 		protected extern void _schedule_on_dispatch_queue (DispatchWorker worker);

-		protected extern uint _spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, out StdioPipes? pipes) throws Error;
+		protected extern uint _spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, UnixInputStream? stdin_stream,
+			UnixOutputStream? stdout_stream, UnixOutputStream? stderr_stream, out StdioPipes? pipes) throws Error;
 		protected extern static void _launch (string identifier, HostSpawnOptions options, LaunchCompletionHandler on_complete);
 		protected extern static bool _is_suspended (uint task) throws Error;
 		public extern static void resume_process (uint task) throws Error;
@@ -688,15 +696,22 @@ namespace Frida {
 	}

 	public sealed class DTraceAgent : Object {
+		public signal void gating_cancelled ();
 		public signal void spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info);
 		public signal void spawn_removed (HostSpawnInfo info);

 		private Subprocess? dtrace;
 		private DataInputStream input;
+		private SpawnGatingScope scope;
 		private Gee.HashMap<uint, HostSpawnInfo?> pending_spawn = new Gee.HashMap<uint, HostSpawnInfo?> ();
+		private SpawnGatingWatchdog watchdog = new SpawnGatingWatchdog ();

 		private Cancellable io_cancellable = new Cancellable ();

+		// Present in every path inside an app bundle, so APPLICATIONS gates the whole app
+		// (helpers, XPC services, ...), not just its entry point.
+		private const string APP_BUNDLE_MARKER = ".app/";
+
 		public static DTraceAgent? try_open () {
 			if (Posix.getuid () != 0)
 				return null;
@@ -704,6 +719,15 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return new DTraceAgent ();
 		}

+		construct {
+			watchdog.expired.connect (on_watchdog_expired);
+		}
+
+		private void on_watchdog_expired () {
+			disable_spawn_gating.begin (io_cancellable);
+			gating_cancelled ();
+		}
+
 		public async void close (Cancellable? cancellable) throws IOError {
 			if (dtrace != null) {
 				try {
@@ -714,10 +738,12 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

-		public void enable_spawn_gating () throws Error {
+		public void enable_spawn_gating (SpawnGatingScope scope) throws Error {
 			if (dtrace != null)
 				throw new Error.INVALID_OPERATION ("Already enabled");

+			this.scope = scope;
+
 			string? predicate = Environment.get_variable ("FRIDA_DTRACE_PREDICATE");
 			string predicate_clause;
 			if (predicate != null)
@@ -776,6 +802,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 				spawn_removed (e.value);
 			}
 			pending_spawn.clear ();
+			watchdog.clear ();
 		}

 		public HostSpawnInfo[] enumerate_pending_spawn () {
@@ -788,8 +815,10 @@ namespace Frida {

 		public void on_resume (uint pid) {
 			HostSpawnInfo? info;
-			if (pending_spawn.unset (pid, out info))
+			if (pending_spawn.unset (pid, out info)) {
+				watchdog.cancel (pid);
 				spawn_removed (info);
+			}
 		}

 		private async void process_incoming_messages () {
@@ -837,8 +866,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 						continue;
 					}

+					if (scope != PROCESSES && !path.contains (APP_BUNDLE_MARKER)) {
+						DarwinHelperBackend.resume_without_validation (pid);
+						continue;
+					}
+
 					var info = HostSpawnInfo (pid, path);
 					pending_spawn[pid] = info;
+					watchdog.arm (pid);
 					spawn_added (info);
 				}
 			} catch (IOError e) {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 		public async void preload (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 		}

-		public async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public async void enable_spawn_gating (SpawnGatingScope scope, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}

-		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, UnixInputStream? stdin_stream,
+				UnixOutputStream? stdout_stream, UnixOutputStream? stderr_stream, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			throw_not_supported ();
 		}

@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ namespace Frida {
 			yield obtain (cancellable);
 		}

-		public async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public async void enable_spawn_gating (SpawnGatingScope scope, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			var helper = yield obtain (cancellable);
 			try {
-				yield helper.enable_spawn_gating (cancellable);
+				yield helper.enable_spawn_gating (scope, cancellable);
 			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
 				throw_helper_error (e);
 			}
@@ -83,9 +83,12 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

-		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, UnixInputStream? stdin_stream,
+				UnixOutputStream? stdout_stream, UnixOutputStream? stderr_stream, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
 			var helper = yield obtain (cancellable);
 			try {
+				if (stdin_stream != null)
+					return yield helper.spawn_with_stdio (path, options, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream, cancellable);
 				return yield helper.spawn (path, options, cancellable);
 			} catch (GLib.Error e) {
 				throw_helper_error (e);
@@ -306,99 +309,95 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}

 		private async DarwinRemoteHelper launch_helper (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			string? pending_socket_path = null;
 			Pid pending_pid = 0;
 			IOStream? pending_stream = null;
 			DBusConnection pending_connection = null;
 			DarwinRemoteHelper pending_proxy = null;

-			SocketService? service = null;
-			TimeoutSource? timeout_source = null;
-			bool timed_out = false;
 			bool child_exited = false;
 			int child_status = 0;
+			ChildExitMonitor? exit_monitor = null;
+			ulong exit_handler = 0;
+
+			DBusConnection? established = null;
+			GLib.Error? handshake_error = null;
+			bool handshake_done = false;
+			bool waiting = false;

 			try {
-				string tempdir;
 				HelperFile helper_file = get_resource_store ().helper;
 				string helper_path = helper_file.path;
-				if (helper_file is TemporaryHelperFile)
-					tempdir = Path.get_dirname (helper_path);
-				else
-					tempdir = Environment.get_tmp_dir ();

-				pending_socket_path = Path.build_filename (tempdir, Uuid.string_random ());
-				string socket_address = "unix:path=" + pending_socket_path;
+				int sv[2];
+				if (Posix.socketpair (Posix.AF_UNIX, Posix.SOCK_STREAM, 0, sv) != 0)
+					throw new Error.NOT_SUPPORTED ("Unable to allocate socketpair: %s", strerror (errno));
+				var parent_fd = new FileDescriptor (sv[0]);
+				var peer_fd = new FileDescriptor (sv[1]);

-				service = new SocketService ();
-				SocketAddress effective_address;
-				service.add_address (new UnixSocketAddress.with_type (pending_socket_path, -1, PATH),
-					SocketType.STREAM, SocketProtocol.DEFAULT, null, out effective_address);
-				service.start ();
-
-				var main_context = MainContext.get_thread_default ();
-
-				var idle_source = new IdleSource ();
-				idle_source.set_callback (() => {
-					launch_helper.callback ();
-					return false;
-				});
-				idle_source.attach (main_context);
-				yield;
-
-				var incoming_handler = service.incoming.connect ((c) => {
-					pending_stream = c;
-					launch_helper.callback ();
-					return true;
-				});
-
-				timeout_source = new TimeoutSource.seconds (10);
-				timeout_source.set_callback (() => {
-					timed_out = true;
-					launch_helper.callback ();
-					return Source.REMOVE;
-				});
-				timeout_source.attach (main_context);
+				Socket parent_socket = new Socket.from_fd (parent_fd.steal ());
+				pending_stream = SocketConnection.factory_create_connection (parent_socket);

+				string socket_address = "socket-fd:%d".printf (peer_fd.handle);
 				string[] argv = { helper_path, socket_address };

 				GLib.SpawnFlags flags =
 					GLib.SpawnFlags.LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN |
 					GLib.SpawnFlags.DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD |
+					GLib.SpawnFlags.STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL |
+					GLib.SpawnFlags.STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL |
+					/* GLib.SpawnFlags.STDIN_FROM_DEV_NULL */ 2048 |
 					/* GLib.SpawnFlags.CLOEXEC_PIPES */ 256;

 				GLib.Process.spawn_async (null, argv, null, flags, null, out pending_pid);

-				var exit_monitor = new ChildExitMonitor (pending_pid, main_context);
-				var exit_handler = exit_monitor.exited.connect ((status) => {
-					child_exited = true;
-					child_status = status;
-					launch_helper.callback ();
-				});
+				peer_fd = null;

-				while (pending_stream == null && !timed_out && !child_exited)
-					yield;
+				GLib.SourceFunc resume = launch_helper.callback;

-				exit_monitor.disconnect (exit_handler);
-				exit_monitor.stop ();
-
-				timeout_source.destroy ();
-				timeout_source = null;
-
-				service.disconnect (incoming_handler);
-				service.stop ();
-				service = null;
-
-				if (pending_stream == null) {
-					if (child_exited)
-						throw new Error.PROCESS_NOT_FOUND ("Helper exited during launch (status=%d)", child_status);
-					if (timed_out)
-						throw new Error.TIMED_OUT ("Unexpectedly timed out while spawning helper");
+				var handshake_cancellable = new Cancellable ();
+				ulong cancel_chain = 0;
+				if (cancellable != null) {
+					cancel_chain = cancellable.cancelled.connect (() => {
+						handshake_cancellable.cancel ();
+					});
 				}

-				pending_connection = yield new DBusConnection (pending_stream, ServerGuid.HOST_SESSION_SERVICE,
-					AUTHENTICATION_SERVER | AUTHENTICATION_ALLOW_ANONYMOUS, null, cancellable);
+				var main_context = MainContext.get_thread_default ();
+				exit_monitor = new ChildExitMonitor (pending_pid, main_context);
+				exit_handler = exit_monitor.exited.connect ((status) => {
+					child_exited = true;
+					child_status = status;
+					handshake_cancellable.cancel ();
+				});

+				establish_dbus_connection.begin (pending_stream, handshake_cancellable, (obj, res) => {
+					try {
+						established = establish_dbus_connection.end (res);
+					} catch (GLib.Error e) {
+						handshake_error = e;
+					}
+					handshake_done = true;
+					if (waiting)
+						resume ();
+				});
+
+				waiting = true;
+				while (!handshake_done)
+					yield;
+				waiting = false;
+
+				if (cancel_chain != 0)
+					cancellable.disconnect (cancel_chain);
+
+				if (handshake_error != null && !child_exited)
+					exit_monitor.poll ();
+
+				if (child_exited)
+					throw new Error.PROCESS_NOT_FOUND ("Helper exited during launch (status=%d)", child_status);
+				if (handshake_error != null)
+					throw handshake_error;
+
+				pending_connection = established;
 				pending_proxy = yield pending_connection.get_proxy (null, ObjectPath.HELPER, DO_NOT_LOAD_PROPERTIES,
 					cancellable);

@@ -410,18 +409,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 					reap_later.begin (pending_pid);
 				}

-				if (timeout_source != null)
-					timeout_source.destroy ();
-
-				if (service != null)
-					service.stop ();
-
 				if (e is Error)
 					throw (Error) e;
 				throw new Error.PERMISSION_DENIED ("%s", e.message);
 			} finally {
-				if (pending_socket_path != null)
-					Posix.unlink (pending_socket_path);
+				if (exit_monitor != null) {
+					exit_monitor.disconnect (exit_handler);
+					exit_monitor.stop ();
+				}
 			}

 			process_pid = pending_pid;
@@ -431,6 +426,7 @@ namespace Frida {

 			proxy = pending_proxy;
 			proxy.output.connect (on_output);
+			proxy.gating_cancelled.connect (on_gating_cancelled);
 			proxy.spawn_added.connect (on_spawn_added);
 			proxy.spawn_removed.connect (on_spawn_removed);
 			proxy.injected.connect (on_injected);
@@ -441,10 +437,16 @@ namespace Frida {
 			return proxy;
 		}

+		private async DBusConnection establish_dbus_connection (IOStream stream, Cancellable? cancellable) throws GLib.Error {
+			return yield new DBusConnection (stream, ServerGuid.HOST_SESSION_SERVICE,
+				AUTHENTICATION_SERVER | AUTHENTICATION_ALLOW_ANONYMOUS, null, cancellable);
+		}
+
 		private void on_connection_closed (bool remote_peer_vanished, GLib.Error? error) {
 			obtain_request = null;

 			proxy.output.disconnect (on_output);
+			proxy.gating_cancelled.disconnect (on_gating_cancelled);
 			proxy.spawn_added.disconnect (on_spawn_added);
 			proxy.spawn_removed.disconnect (on_spawn_removed);
 			proxy.injected.disconnect (on_injected);
@@ -466,6 +468,10 @@ namespace Frida {
 			output (pid, fd, data);
 		}

+		private void on_gating_cancelled () {
+			gating_cancelled ();
+		}
+
 		private void on_spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			spawn_added (info);
 		}
@@ -497,11 +503,14 @@ namespace Frida {
 			private set;
 		}

-#if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS && MACOS && ARM64
+		private TemporaryDirectory tempdir;
+
+#if MACOS && ARM64
 		private bool thinned = false;
 #endif

 		public ResourceStore (TemporaryDirectory tempdir) throws Error {
+			this.tempdir = tempdir;
 #if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS
 			FileUtils.chmod (tempdir.path, 0755);

@@ -512,27 +521,27 @@ namespace Frida {
 					tempdir));
 			FileUtils.chmod (helper.path, 0700);
 #else
-			helper = new InstalledHelperFile.for_path (Config.FRIDA_HELPER_PATH);
+			helper = new InstalledHelperFile.for_path (Frida.helper_path);
 #endif
 		}

 		~ResourceStore () {
-#if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS
-			((TemporaryHelperFile) helper).file.destroy ();
-#endif
+			if (helper is TemporaryHelperFile)
+				((TemporaryHelperFile) helper).file.destroy ();
 		}

 		public bool maybe_thin_helper_to_basic_abi () {
-#if HAVE_EMBEDDED_ASSETS && MACOS && ARM64
+#if MACOS && ARM64
 			if (thinned)
 				return false;

-			var blob = Frida.Data.Helper.get_frida_helper_blob ();
-
-			var input = new DataInputStream (new MemoryInputStream.from_data (blob.data, null));
-			input.byte_order = BIG_ENDIAN;
-
 			try {
+				uint8[] universal_data;
+				FileUtils.get_data (helper.path, out universal_data);
+
+				var input = new DataInputStream (new MemoryInputStream.from_data (universal_data, null));
+				input.byte_order = BIG_ENDIAN;
+
 				const uint32 fat_magic = 0xcafebabeU;
 				var magic = input.read_uint32 ();
 				if (magic != fat_magic)
@@ -564,9 +573,15 @@ namespace Frida {
 				if (arm64e_offset == 0 || arm64_offset == 0)
 					return false;

-				FileUtils.set_data (helper.path, blob.data[arm64_offset:arm64_offset + arm64_size]);
-				FileUtils.chmod (helper.path, 0700);
+				var thin_file = new TemporaryFile.from_stream ("frida-helper-arm64",
+					new MemoryInputStream.from_data (universal_data[arm64_offset:arm64_offset + arm64_size], null),
+					tempdir);
+				FileUtils.chmod (thin_file.path, 0700);

+				if (helper is TemporaryHelperFile)
+					((TemporaryHelperFile) helper).file.destroy ();
+
+				helper = new TemporaryHelperFile (thin_file);
 				thinned = true;

 				return true;
@@ -604,6 +619,19 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 		}

+		public bool poll () {
+			if (source == null)
+				return false;
+
+			int status;
+			if (!try_reap (pid, out status))
+				return false;
+
+			stop ();
+			exited (status);
+			return true;
+		}
+
 		private void arm () {
 			source = new TimeoutSource (interval_ms);
 			source.set_callback (() => {
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 		construct {
 			backend.idle.connect (on_backend_idle);
 			backend.output.connect (on_backend_output);
+			backend.gating_cancelled.connect (on_backend_gating_cancelled);
 			backend.spawn_added.connect (on_backend_spawn_added);
 			backend.spawn_removed.connect (on_backend_spawn_removed);
 			backend.injected.connect (on_backend_injected);
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ namespace Frida {
 			}
 			backend.idle.disconnect (on_backend_idle);
 			backend.output.disconnect (on_backend_output);
+			backend.gating_cancelled.disconnect (on_backend_gating_cancelled);
 			backend.spawn_added.disconnect (on_backend_spawn_added);
 			backend.spawn_removed.disconnect (on_backend_spawn_removed);
 			backend.injected.disconnect (on_backend_injected);
@@ -111,7 +113,11 @@ namespace Frida {

 		private async void start () {
 			try {
-				connection = yield new DBusConnection.for_address (parent_address,
+				int fd = int.parse (parent_address.substring ("socket-fd:".length));
+				var sock = new Socket.from_fd (fd);
+				IOStream stream = SocketConnection.factory_create_connection (sock);
+
+				connection = yield new DBusConnection (stream, null,
 					AUTHENTICATION_CLIENT | DELAY_MESSAGE_PROCESSING);
 				connection.on_closed.connect (on_connection_closed);

@@ -143,8 +149,8 @@ namespace Frida {
 				shutdown.begin ();
 		}

-		public async void enable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			yield backend.enable_spawn_gating (cancellable);
+		public async void enable_spawn_gating (SpawnGatingScope scope, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			yield backend.enable_spawn_gating (scope, cancellable);
 		}

 		public async void disable_spawn_gating (Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -156,7 +162,12 @@ namespace Frida {
 		}

 		public async uint spawn (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
-			return yield backend.spawn (path, options, cancellable);
+			return yield backend.spawn (path, options, null, null, null, cancellable);
+		}
+
+		public async uint spawn_with_stdio (string path, HostSpawnOptions options, UnixInputStream stdin_stream,
+				UnixOutputStream stdout_stream, UnixOutputStream stderr_stream, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
+			return yield backend.spawn (path, options, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream, cancellable);
 		}

 		public async void launch (string identifier, HostSpawnOptions options, Cancellable? cancellable) throws Error, IOError {
@@ -233,6 +244,10 @@ namespace Frida {
 			output (pid, fd, data);
 		}

+		private void on_backend_gating_cancelled () {
+			gating_cancelled ();
+		}
+
 		private void on_backend_spawn_added (HostSpawnInfo info) {
 			spawn_added (info);
 		}