subprojects: Prepare for release

Black has changed how it lays out a call whose argument is a
multiline string, and a `with` statement holding several contexts.

examples/child_gating.py

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ class Application:
         print("✔ enable_child_gating()")
         session.enable_child_gating()
         print("✔ create_script()")
-        script = session.create_script("""\
+        script = session.create_script(
+            """\
 Interceptor.attach(Module.getGlobalExportByName('open'), {
   onEnter(args) {
     send({
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@ Interceptor.attach(Module.getGlobalExportByName('open'), {
     });
   }
 });
-""")
+"""
+        )
         script.on("message", lambda message, data: self._reactor.schedule(lambda: self._on_message(pid, message)))
         print("✔ load()")
         script.load()

examples/rpc.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import frida
 
 session = frida.attach("Twitter")
-script = session.create_script("""\
+script = session.create_script(
+    """\
 rpc.exports = {
   hello: function () {
     return 'Hello';
@@ -10,7 +11,8 @@ rpc.exports = {
     oops;
   }
 };
-""")
+"""
+)
 script.load()
 api = script.exports_sync
 print("api.hello() =>", api.hello())

examples/session_persist_timeout.py

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ class Application:
         self._session = session
         session.on("detached", lambda *args: self._reactor.schedule(lambda: self._on_detached(*args)))
 
-        script = session.create_script("""
+        script = session.create_script(
+            """
 let _puts = null;
 
 Interceptor.attach(DebugSymbol.getFunctionByName('f'), {
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@ function puts(s) {
   }
   _puts(Memory.allocUtf8String(s));
 }
-""")
+"""
+        )
         self._script = script
         script.on("message", lambda *args: self._reactor.schedule(lambda: self._on_message(*args)))
         script.load()

examples/spawn_gating.py

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ class Application:
         session = self._device.attach(pid)
         session.on("detached", lambda reason: self._reactor.schedule(lambda: self._on_detached(pid, session, reason)))
         print("✔ create_script()")
-        script = session.create_script("""\
+        script = session.create_script(
+            """\
 const puts = new NativeFunction(Module.getGlobalExportByName('puts'), 'int', ['pointer']);
 puts(Memory.allocUtf8String('Hello from Frida agent'));
 Interceptor.attach(Module.getGlobalExportByName('open'), {
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ Interceptor.attach(Module.getGlobalExportByName('open'), {
     });
   }
 });
-""")
+"""
+        )
         script.on("message", lambda message, data: self._reactor.schedule(lambda: self._on_message(pid, message)))
         print("✔ load()")
         script.load()

frida/frida_bindgen/assets/codegen_endpoint_parameters.c

@@ -1,27 +1,3 @@
-static gboolean
-PyGObject_unmarshal_certificate (const gchar * str,
-                                GTlsCertificate ** certificate)
-{
-  GError * error = NULL;
-
-  if (strchr (str, '\n') != NULL)
-    *certificate = g_tls_certificate_new_from_pem (str, -1, &error);
-  else
-    *certificate = g_tls_certificate_new_from_file (str, &error);
-  if (error != NULL)
-    goto propagate_error;
-
-  return TRUE;
-
-propagate_error:
-  {
-    PyFrida_raise (g_error_new_literal (FRIDA_ERROR, FRIDA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT, error->message));
-    g_error_free (error);
-
-    return FALSE;
-  }
-}
-
 static int
 PyEndpointParameters_init (PyEndpointParameters * self,
                            PyObject * args,
@@ -31,7 +7,7 @@ PyEndpointParameters_init (PyEndpointParameters * self,
   static char * keywords[] = { "address", "port", "certificate", "origin", "auth_service", "asset_root", NULL };
   char * address = NULL;
   unsigned short int port = 0;
-  char * certificate_value = NULL;
+  PyObject * certificate_value = NULL;
   char * origin = NULL;
   PyObject * auth_service_obj = NULL;
   char * asset_root_value = NULL;
@@ -43,10 +19,10 @@ PyEndpointParameters_init (PyEndpointParameters * self,
   if (PyGObject_tp_init ((PyObject *) self, args, kw) < 0)
     return -1;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (args, kw, "|esHesesOes", keywords,
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (args, kw, "|esHOesOes", keywords,
         "utf-8", &address,
         &port,
-        "utf-8", &certificate_value,
+        &certificate_value,
         "utf-8", &origin,
         &auth_service_obj,
         "utf-8", &asset_root_value))
@@ -74,7 +50,6 @@ beach:
 
   PyMem_Free (asset_root_value);
   PyMem_Free (origin);
-  PyMem_Free (certificate_value);
   PyMem_Free (address);
 
   return result;

frida/frida_bindgen/assets/codegen_gobject_methods.c

@@ -910,6 +910,9 @@ propagate_error:
 static PyObject *
 PyGObject_marshal_variant (GVariant * variant)
 {
+  if (variant == NULL)
+    PyFrida_RETURN_NONE;
+
   switch (g_variant_classify (variant))
   {
     case G_VARIANT_CLASS_STRING:
@@ -1041,6 +1044,64 @@ PyGObject_marshal_variant_tuple (GVariant * variant)
   return tuple;
 }
 
+static gboolean
+PyGObject_unmarshal_certificate (PyObject * value,
+                                 GTlsCertificate ** certificate)
+{
+  PyObject * bytes;
+  const gchar * str;
+  GError * error = NULL;
+
+  if (value == Py_None)
+  {
+    *certificate = NULL;
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  bytes = PyUnicode_AsUTF8String (value);
+  if (bytes == NULL)
+    return FALSE;
+  str = PyBytes_AsString (bytes);
+
+  if (strchr (str, '\n') != NULL)
+    *certificate = g_tls_certificate_new_from_pem (str, -1, &error);
+  else
+    *certificate = g_tls_certificate_new_from_file (str, &error);
+
+  Py_DecRef (bytes);
+
+  if (error != NULL)
+    goto propagate_error;
+
+  return TRUE;
+
+propagate_error:
+  {
+    PyFrida_raise (g_error_new_literal (FRIDA_ERROR, FRIDA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT, error->message));
+    g_error_free (error);
+
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+PyGObject_marshal_certificate (GTlsCertificate * certificate)
+{
+  PyObject * result;
+  gchar * pem;
+
+  if (certificate == NULL)
+    PyFrida_RETURN_NONE;
+
+  g_object_get (certificate, "certificate-pem", &pem, NULL);
+
+  result = PyGObject_marshal_string (pem);
+
+  g_free (pem);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 PyFrida_raise (GError * error)
 {

frida/frida_bindgen/assets/codegen_gobject_prototypes.h

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ static PyObject * PyGObject_marshal_variant_byte_array (GVariant * variant);
 static PyObject * PyGObject_marshal_variant_dict (GVariant * variant);
 static PyObject * PyGObject_marshal_variant_array (GVariant * variant);
 static PyObject * PyGObject_marshal_variant_tuple (GVariant * variant);
+static gboolean PyGObject_unmarshal_certificate (PyObject * value, GTlsCertificate ** certificate);
+static PyObject * PyGObject_marshal_certificate (GTlsCertificate * certificate);
 
 static PyObject * PyFrida_raise (GError * error);
 static PyObject * PyFrida_marshal_error (GError * error);

frida/frida_bindgen/codegen.py

@@ -34,10 +34,14 @@ def read_asset(name: str) -> str:
     return (ASSETS_DIR / name).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
 
 
-FACADE_TYPING_IMPORTS = (
-    "from typing import (Any, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Mapping, NotRequired, Optional, Tuple, TypedDict, "
-    "Sequence, Union, ParamSpec, TypeVar, cast, overload)"
-)
+FACADE_TYPING_IMPORTS = """\
+from typing import (Any, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Sequence, Union, TypeVar, cast,
+                    overload)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import NotRequired, ParamSpec, TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, ParamSpec, TypedDict"""
 
 
 def generate_facade_preludes(model: Model) -> List[str]:
@@ -88,17 +92,25 @@ def _to_envp(value):
 
 def _make_options(cls, values, selectors):
     options = cls()
+    _apply_settings(options, values, selectors)
+    return options
+
+
+def _apply_settings(impl, values, selectors):
     for name, value in values.items():
         if value is None:
             continue
         select = selectors.get(name)
         if select is None:
-            setattr(options, name, value)
+            setattr(impl, name, _unwrap(value))
+        elif isinstance(value, dict):
+            add = getattr(impl, select)
+            for key, element in value.items():
+                add(key, _unwrap(element))
         else:
-            add = getattr(options, select)
+            add = getattr(impl, select)
             for element in value:
-                add(element)
-    return options
+                add(_unwrap(element))
 
 
 _current_cancellable = threading.local()
@@ -182,17 +194,25 @@ def _to_envp(value):
 
 def _make_options(cls, values, selectors):
     options = cls()
+    _apply_settings(options, values, selectors)
+    return options
+
+
+def _apply_settings(impl, values, selectors):
     for name, value in values.items():
         if value is None:
             continue
         select = selectors.get(name)
         if select is None:
-            setattr(options, name, value)
+            setattr(impl, name, _unwrap(value))
+        elif isinstance(value, dict):
+            add = getattr(impl, select)
+            for key, element in value.items():
+                add(key, _unwrap(element))
         else:
-            add = getattr(options, select)
+            add = getattr(impl, select)
             for element in value:
-                add(element)
-    return options
+                add(_unwrap(element))
 
 
 _current_cancellable: contextvars.ContextVar = contextvars.ContextVar("frida_current_cancellable", default=None)
@@ -416,7 +436,7 @@ def generate_aio_async_method(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[str]:
     if method.return_value is not None:
         call = wrap_result(call, method.return_value.type, model)
 
-    ret = "None" if method.return_value is None else pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+    ret = facade_return_type(method, model)
 
     return f"""    async def {method.name}({signature}) -> {ret}:
         return {call}"""
@@ -426,11 +446,12 @@ def generate_custom_facade_method(
     method: Method, logic: Union[str, Tuple[str, str]], model: Model, awaitable: bool
 ) -> str:
     signature = ", ".join(["self"] + method.custom_facade_params)
+    args = facade_call_args(method, model)
     if method.is_async:
-        invoke = f"_invoke(self._impl.{method.name}, ({method.facade_call_args}))"
+        invoke = f"_invoke(self._impl.{method.name}, ({args}))"
         call = f"await {invoke}" if awaitable else invoke
     else:
-        call = f"self._impl.{method.name}({method.facade_call_args})"
+        call = f"self._impl.{method.name}({args})"
     if method.return_value is not None:
         call = wrap_result(call, method.return_value.type, model)
 
@@ -439,13 +460,27 @@ def generate_custom_facade_method(
     body = textwrap.indent(logic.strip(), " " * 8)
     keyword = "async def" if awaitable else "def"
 
-    ret = "None" if method.return_value is None else pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+    ret = facade_return_type(method, model)
 
     return f"""    {keyword} {method.name}({signature}) -> {ret}:
 {body}
         return {call}"""
 
 
+def facade_call_args(method: Method, model: Model) -> str:
+    takes_kwargs = any(param.split(":")[0].strip() == "**kwargs" for param in method.custom_facade_params)
+    args = []
+    for param in method.input_parameters:
+        if param.type.name == "Gio.Cancellable":
+            continue
+        options = resolve_options_type(param.type, model)
+        if options is not None and takes_kwargs:
+            args.append(make_options_expr(options))
+        else:
+            args.append(param.name)
+    return "".join(arg + ", " for arg in args)
+
+
 def generate_py_exception_reexports(model: Model) -> List[str]:
     names = [f"{member.js_name}Error" for member in model.error_domain.members]
     names.append("OperationCancelledError")
@@ -501,10 +536,8 @@ def generate_facade_init(otype: ObjectType) -> str:
 {body}"""
 
     return f"""    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._impl = _frida.{otype.py_name}(
-            *[_unwrap(a) for a in args],
-            **{{k: _unwrap(v) for k, v in kwargs.items()}},
-        )
+        self._impl = _frida.{otype.py_name}(*[_unwrap(a) for a in args])
+        _apply_settings(self._impl, kwargs, {build_option_selectors(otype)})
         setup = getattr(self, "_setup", None)
         if setup is not None:
             setup()"""
@@ -627,21 +660,29 @@ def generate_py_sync_method(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[str]:
     if any(build_sync_param(param) is None for param in method.input_parameters):
         return None
 
-    signature = ["self"]
-    for param in method.input_parameters:
-        signature.append(facade_param(param, model))
-    names = ", ".join(param.name for param in method.input_parameters)
+    params = [facade_param(param, model) for param in method.input_parameters]
+    names = ", ".join(facade_argument(param, model) for param in method.input_parameters)
 
     call = f"self._impl.{method.name}({names})"
     if method.return_value is not None:
         call = wrap_result(call, method.return_value.type, model)
 
-    ret = "None" if method.return_value is None else pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+    ret = facade_return_type(method, model)
 
-    return f"""    def {method.name}({", ".join(signature)}) -> {ret}:
+    return f"""    def {method.name}({facade_signature(method, params)}) -> {ret}:
         return {call}"""
 
 
+def facade_signature(method: Method, params: List[str]) -> str:
+    return ", ".join(["self"] + (method.custom_facade_params or params))
+
+
+def facade_argument(param, model: Model) -> str:
+    if resolve_input_object_type(param.type, model) is not None:
+        return f"_unwrap({param.name})"
+    return param.name
+
+
 def facade_param(param, model: Model) -> str:
     annotation = pyi_type(param.type, model)
     if param.nullable:
@@ -662,14 +703,14 @@ def generate_py_async_method(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[str]:
     if method.return_value is not None:
         call = wrap_result(call, method.return_value.type, model)
 
-    ret = "None" if method.return_value is None else pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+    ret = facade_return_type(method, model)
 
     return f"""    def {method.name}({signature}) -> {ret}:
         return {call}"""
 
 
 def build_facade_async_parts(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
-    signature = ["self"]
+    params = []
     args = []
     for param in method.input_parameters:
         if param.type.name == "Gio.Cancellable":
@@ -678,20 +719,24 @@ def build_facade_async_parts(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[Tuple[str
             return None
         options = resolve_options_type(param.type, model)
         if options is not None:
-            signature.append("**kwargs")
-            args.append(f"_make_options(_frida.{options.py_name}, kwargs, {build_option_selectors(options)})")
+            params.append("**kwargs")
+            args.append(make_options_expr(options))
         elif resolve_input_object_type(param.type, model) is not None:
-            signature.append(f"{param.name}: Optional[{pyi_type(param.type, model)}] = None")
+            params.append(f"{param.name}: Optional[{pyi_type(param.type, model)}] = None")
             args.append(f"_unwrap({param.name})")
         else:
-            signature.append(facade_param(param, model))
+            params.append(facade_param(param, model))
             args.append(param.name)
 
     if method.return_value is not None:
         if build_return_marshal(method.return_value.type, model) is None:
             return None
 
-    return ", ".join(signature), "".join(arg + ", " for arg in args)
+    return facade_signature(method, params), "".join(arg + ", " for arg in args)
+
+
+def make_options_expr(options: ObjectType) -> str:
+    return f"_make_options(_frida.{options.py_name}, kwargs, {build_option_selectors(options)})"
 
 
 def build_option_selectors(options: ObjectType) -> str:
@@ -748,13 +793,22 @@ def generate_pyi_class(otype: ObjectType, model: Model) -> List[str]:
 
     body = []
 
-    ctor = next(iter(otype.constructors), None)
-    if ctor is not None and not ctor.throws:
-        params = pyi_parameters(ctor.input_parameters, model)
+    primary = inline_constructor(otype)
+    if primary is not None:
+        params = pyi_parameters(primary.input_parameters, model)
         if params is not None:
             signature = ", ".join(["self"] + params)
             body.append(f"    def __init__({signature}) -> None: ...")
 
+    for ctor in otype.constructors:
+        if ctor is primary:
+            continue
+        params = pyi_parameters(ctor.input_parameters, model)
+        if params is None:
+            continue
+        body.append("    @staticmethod")
+        body.append(f"    def {ctor.name}({', '.join(params)}) -> {otype.py_name}: ...")
+
     if otype.name == "Object":
         body.append("    def on(self, signal: str, callback: Callable[..., Any]) -> None: ...")
         body.append("    def off(self, signal: str, callback: Callable[..., Any]) -> None: ...")
@@ -815,7 +869,13 @@ def pyi_method(method: Method, model: Model) -> Optional[str]:
     if params is None:
         return None
     signature = ", ".join(["self"] + params)
-    ret = "None" if method.return_value is None else pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+    out = method.optional_out_parameter
+    if out is not None:
+        ret = f"Optional[{pyi_type(out.type, model)}]"
+    elif method.return_value is None:
+        ret = "None"
+    else:
+        ret = pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
     return f"    def {method.name}({signature}) -> {ret}: ..."
 
 
@@ -860,6 +920,8 @@ def pyi_type(type: Type, model: Model) -> str:
         return "dict"
     if name == "GLib.Variant":
         return "Any"
+    if name == "Gio.TlsCertificate":
+        return "str"
     if resolve_enumeration(type, model) is not None:
         return "str"
     obj = resolve_object_type(type, model)
@@ -901,6 +963,8 @@ def generate_extension_c(model: Model) -> str:
             code += generate_interface_implementation(otype)
 
         code += generate_object_type_constructor(otype)
+        for ctor in factory_constructors(otype):
+            code += generate_factory_function(otype, ctor, build_constructor_marshals(ctor))
 
     return code
 
@@ -1175,6 +1239,10 @@ def generate_prototypes(model: Model) -> str:
                 "",
                 f"static int {otype_cprefix}_init ({otype_cprefix} * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * kw);",
             ]
+            for ctor in factory_constructors(otype):
+                prototypes.append(
+                    f"static PyObject * {otype_cprefix}_{ctor.name} (PyObject * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * kw);"
+                )
             if implementable_interface(otype):
                 prototypes += [
                     f"static int {otype_cprefix}_traverse (PyObject * self, visitproc visit, void * arg);",
@@ -1235,13 +1303,15 @@ def generate_object_type_toplevel_definitions(model: Model) -> str:
         cprefix = otype.c_symbol_prefix
 
         if otype.name == "Object":
-            defs.append(f"""PYFRIDA_DEFINE_BASETYPE ("_frida.{otype.py_name}", {otype.py_name}, g_object_unref,
+            defs.append(
+                f"""PYFRIDA_DEFINE_BASETYPE ("_frida.{otype.py_name}", {otype.py_name}, g_object_unref,
   {{ Py_tp_doc, "{otype.name}" }},
   {{ Py_tp_init, {cprefix}_init }},
   {{ Py_tp_dealloc, {cprefix}_dealloc }},
   {{ Py_tp_methods, {cprefix}_methods }},
   {{ Py_tp_getset, {cprefix}_getsets }},
-);""")
+);"""
+            )
             continue
 
         parent = otype.parent
@@ -1261,12 +1331,14 @@ def generate_object_type_toplevel_definitions(model: Model) -> str:
             )
             continue
 
-        defs.append(f"""PYFRIDA_DEFINE_TYPE ("_frida.{otype.py_name}", {otype.py_name}, {parent_name}, g_object_unref,
+        defs.append(
+            f"""PYFRIDA_DEFINE_TYPE ("_frida.{otype.py_name}", {otype.py_name}, {parent_name}, g_object_unref,
   {{ Py_tp_doc, "{otype.name}" }},
   {{ Py_tp_init, {cprefix}_init }},
   {{ Py_tp_methods, {cprefix}_methods }},
   {{ Py_tp_getset, {cprefix}_getsets }},
-);""")
+);"""
+        )
 
     return "\n\n".join(defs)
 
@@ -1291,6 +1363,9 @@ def generate_object_type_methods(otype: ObjectType) -> str:
         functions.append(function)
         entries.append(entry)
 
+    for ctor in factory_constructors(otype):
+        entries.append(factory_method_entry(otype, ctor))
+
     return f"""{"".join(functions)}
 static PyMethodDef {otype.c_symbol_prefix}_methods[] =
 {{
@@ -1306,6 +1381,11 @@ def generate_method(otype: ObjectType, method: Method) -> Optional[Tuple[str, st
     marshal = synchronous_method_return_marshal(method)
     if marshal is None:
         return None
+    out = method.optional_out_parameter
+    if out is not None:
+        marshal = build_return_marshal(out.type, method.object_type.model)
+        if marshal is None:
+            return None
     params = []
     for param in method.input_parameters:
         sync_param = build_sync_param(param)
@@ -1649,14 +1729,17 @@ def generate_synchronous_method(otype: ObjectType, method: Method, marshal: str,
     indent = " " * (len(otype.c_symbol_prefix) + len(method.name) + 3)
     handle = f"({otype.c_type} *) PY_GOBJECT_HANDLE (self)"
     returns_strv = method.return_value is not None and method.return_value.type.name == "utf8[]"
+    out = method.optional_out_parameter
     call_arg_list = [handle] + [p.call_arg for p in params]
     if returns_strv:
         call_arg_list.append("&retval_length")
+    if out is not None:
+        call_arg_list.append(f"&{out.name}")
     if method.throws:
         call_arg_list.append("&error")
     call = f"{method.c_identifier} ({', '.join(call_arg_list)})"
 
-    if not params and not method.throws and not returns_strv:
+    if not params and not method.throws and not returns_strv and out is None:
         if method.return_value is None:
             body = f"  {call};\n\n  PyFrida_RETURN_NONE;"
         else:
@@ -1675,6 +1758,8 @@ static PyObject *
         decls.append("  GError * error = NULL;")
     if returns_strv:
         decls.append("  gint retval_length;")
+    if out is not None:
+        decls.append(f"  {out_parameter_storage_type(out)} {out.name};")
     for p in params:
         decls += [f"  {line}" for line in p.decl.splitlines()]
 
@@ -1689,7 +1774,15 @@ static PyObject *
 
     pre = "".join(f"\n  {p.pre}\n" for p in params if p.pre)
 
-    if method.return_value is None:
+    if out is not None:
+        invocation = f"  gboolean found = {call};"
+        success = (
+            "  if (found)\n"
+            f"    result = {marshal.format(value=out.name)};\n"
+            "  else\n"
+            "  {\n    Py_IncRef (Py_None);\n    result = Py_None;\n  }"
+        )
+    elif method.return_value is None:
         invocation = f"  {call};"
         success = "  Py_IncRef (Py_None);\n  result = Py_None;"
     elif returns_strv:
@@ -1734,6 +1827,22 @@ static PyObject *
 """
 
 
+def facade_return_type(method: Method, model: Model) -> str:
+    out = method.optional_out_parameter
+    if out is not None:
+        return f"Optional[{pyi_type(out.type, model)}]"
+    if method.return_value is None:
+        return "None"
+    return pyi_type(method.return_value.type, model)
+
+
+def out_parameter_storage_type(param: Parameter) -> str:
+    """What the caller declares: the out parameter's own type, less the pointer."""
+    c = param.type.c
+    assert c.endswith("*"), c
+    return c[:-1].strip()
+
+
 def synchronous_method_return_marshal(method: Method) -> Optional[str]:
     if method.is_async or method.is_property_accessor:
         return None
@@ -1816,6 +1925,16 @@ def build_sync_param(param: Parameter) -> Optional["SyncParam"]:
             cleanup=f"g_clear_pointer (&{name}, g_variant_unref);",
         )
 
+    if resolve_input_object_type(param.type, param.object_type.model) is not None:
+        return SyncParam(
+            decl=f"PyObject * {name}_obj;\n{param.type.c} {name} = NULL;",
+            fmt="O",
+            parse_args=[f"&{name}_obj"],
+            pre=f"""if ({name}_obj != Py_None)
+    {name} = ({param.type.c}) PY_GOBJECT_HANDLE ({name}_obj);""",
+            call_arg=name,
+        )
+
     return None
 
 
@@ -1994,6 +2113,17 @@ def build_setter_body(param: Parameter, set_call) -> Optional[str]:
   g_hash_table_unref (dict);
 """
 
+    if type_name == "Gio.TlsCertificate":
+        return f"""  GTlsCertificate * certificate;
+
+  if (!PyGObject_unmarshal_certificate (value, &certificate))
+    return -1;
+
+  {set_call("certificate")}
+
+  g_clear_object (&certificate);
+"""
+
     if resolve_input_object_type(param.type, param.object_type.model) is not None:
         handle = f"({param.type.c}) ((value != Py_None) ? PY_GOBJECT_HANDLE (value) : NULL)"
         return f"  {set_call(handle)}\n"
@@ -2073,6 +2203,8 @@ def build_return_marshal(type: Type, model: Model) -> Optional[str]:
         return "PyGObject_marshal_vardict ({value})"
     if name == "GLib.Variant":
         return "PyGObject_marshal_variant ({value})"
+    if name == "Gio.TlsCertificate":
+        return "PyGObject_marshal_certificate ({value})"
 
     enum = resolve_enumeration(type, model)
     if enum is not None:
@@ -2219,28 +2351,55 @@ def generate_object_type_constructor(otype: ObjectType) -> str:
     if implementable_interface(otype):
         return generate_interface_init(otype)
 
-    ctor = next(iter(otype.constructors), None)
+    ctor = primary_constructor(otype)
 
     if ctor is None:
         return generate_bare_init(otype)
 
-    marshals: Optional[List[ParamMarshal]] = None
-    if not ctor.throws:
-        marshals = []
-        for param in ctor.input_parameters:
-            marshal = build_param_marshal(param)
-            if marshal is None:
-                marshals = None
-                break
-            marshal.optional = param.optional
-            marshals.append(marshal)
+    if ctor.throws:
+        return generate_unconstructable_init(otype)
 
+    marshals = build_constructor_marshals(ctor)
     if marshals is None:
         return generate_unconstructable_init(otype)
 
     return generate_constructor_init(otype, ctor, marshals)
 
 
+def primary_constructor(otype: ObjectType) -> Optional[Procedure]:
+    if not otype.constructors:
+        return None
+    return next((c for c in otype.constructors if c.name == "new"), otype.constructors[0])
+
+
+def inline_constructor(otype: ObjectType) -> Optional[Procedure]:
+    """The constructor __init__ takes; one that throws is reached as a factory instead."""
+    ctor = primary_constructor(otype)
+    if ctor is None or ctor.throws:
+        return None
+    return ctor
+
+
+def factory_constructors(otype: ObjectType) -> List[Procedure]:
+    primary = inline_constructor(otype)
+    return [
+        ctor
+        for ctor in otype.constructors
+        if ctor is not primary and not ctor.is_async and build_constructor_marshals(ctor) is not None
+    ]
+
+
+def build_constructor_marshals(ctor: Procedure) -> Optional[List["ParamMarshal"]]:
+    marshals = []
+    for param in ctor.input_parameters:
+        marshal = build_param_marshal(param)
+        if marshal is None:
+            return None
+        marshal.optional = param.optional
+        marshals.append(marshal)
+    return marshals
+
+
 def generate_interface_init(otype: ObjectType) -> str:
     n = interface_impl_names(otype)
     indent = constructor_indent(otype)
@@ -2341,7 +2500,88 @@ static int
 {generate_constructor_tail(marshals)}"""
 
 
-def generate_argument_parse(marshals: List["ParamMarshal"]) -> str:
+def factory_method_entry(otype: ObjectType, ctor: Procedure) -> str:
+    return (
+        f'  {{ "{ctor.name}", (PyCFunction) {otype.c_symbol_prefix}_{ctor.name}, '
+        "METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS | METH_STATIC, NULL },"
+    )
+
+
+def generate_factory_function(otype: ObjectType, ctor: Procedure, marshals: List["ParamMarshal"]) -> str:
+    indent = " " * (len(otype.c_symbol_prefix) + len(ctor.name) + 3)
+
+    decls = [line for m in marshals for line in m.decls]
+    decls.append(f"{otype.c_type} * handle;")
+    if ctor.throws:
+        decls.append("GError * error = NULL;")
+    decls.append("PyObject * result = NULL;")
+    decls_block = indent_c_code("\n".join(decls), 1, prologue="\n")
+
+    keyword_decl = ""
+    parse_block = ""
+    if marshals:
+        keywords = ", ".join([f'"{m.keyword}"' for m in marshals] + ["NULL"])
+        keyword_decl = f"\n  static char * keywords[] = {{ {keywords} }};"
+        parse_block = "\n" + generate_argument_parse(marshals, on_failure="return NULL;")
+
+    post_block = ""
+    for m in marshals:
+        if m.post is not None:
+            post_block += indent_c_code(m.post, 1, prologue="\n") + "\n"
+
+    call_args = [m.call_arg for m in marshals]
+    if ctor.throws:
+        call_args.append("&error")
+    call = f"handle = ({otype.c_type} *) {ctor.c_identifier} ({', '.join(call_args)});"
+
+    error_block = ""
+    if ctor.throws:
+        error_block = """
+  if (error != NULL)
+  {
+    result = PyFrida_raise (error);
+    goto beach;
+  }
+"""
+
+    take_handle = f"result = PyGObject_new_take_handle (g_steal_pointer (&handle), PYFRIDA_TYPE ({otype.py_name}));"
+
+    return f"""
+static PyObject *
+{otype.c_symbol_prefix}_{ctor.name} (PyObject * self,
+{indent}PyObject * args,
+{indent}PyObject * kw)
+{{{keyword_decl}{decls_block}
+{parse_block}{post_block}
+  {call}
+{error_block}
+  {take_handle}
+
+{generate_factory_tail(marshals, ctor.throws)}"""
+
+
+def generate_factory_tail(marshals: List["ParamMarshal"], throws: bool) -> str:
+    cleanups = [m.cleanup for m in marshals if m.cleanup is not None]
+    cleanup_block = indent_c_code("\n".join(reversed(cleanups)), 1) if cleanups else ""
+
+    if throws or constructor_needs_beach(marshals):
+        prologue = f"{cleanup_block}\n\n" if cleanup_block else ""
+        return f"""beach:
+{prologue}  return result;
+}}
+"""
+    if cleanup_block:
+        return f"""{cleanup_block}
+
+  return result;
+}}
+"""
+    return """  return result;
+}
+"""
+
+
+def generate_argument_parse(marshals: List["ParamMarshal"], on_failure: str = "return -1;") -> str:
     fmt = ""
     optional_started = False
     for m in marshals:
@@ -2355,7 +2595,7 @@ def generate_argument_parse(marshals: List["ParamMarshal"]) -> str:
     indent = " " * len("  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (")
     parse_args_str = (",\n" + indent).join(parse_args)
     return f"""  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords ({parse_args_str}))
-    return -1;
+    {on_failure}
 """
 
 
@@ -2528,10 +2768,12 @@ def generate_object_type_structs(model: Model) -> str:
     for otype in model.regular_object_types:
         if otype.name == "Object":
             continue
-        structs.append(f"""struct _{otype.c_symbol_prefix}
+        structs.append(
+            f"""struct _{otype.c_symbol_prefix}
 {{
   {otype.parent_c_symbol_prefix} parent;
-}};""")
+}};"""
+        )
 
     return "\n\n".join(structs)
 

frida/frida_bindgen/customization.py

@@ -119,11 +119,7 @@ if aux:
                 ),
                 "attach": MethodCustomizations(
                     param_typings=["target: ProcessTarget", "**kwargs: Any"],
-                    custom_logic=(
-                        "pid = self._pid_of(target)\n" "options = _make_options(_frida.SessionOptions, kwargs, {})",
-                        "pid = await self._pid_of(target)\n"
-                        "options = _make_options(_frida.SessionOptions, kwargs, {})",
-                    ),
+                    custom_logic=_RESOLVE_PID,
                 ),
             },
             custom_code=CustomCode(
@@ -141,6 +137,7 @@ if aux:
                     param_typings=["message: Any", "data: Optional[bytes] = None"],
                     custom_logic="json = _to_json(message)",
                 ),
+                "enable_debugger": MethodCustomizations(param_typings=["port: int = 0"]),
                 "is_destroyed": MethodCustomizations(as_property=True),
             },
         ),

frida/frida_bindgen/model.py

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ class Model(core.Model):
 
 
 class ObjectType(core.ObjectType):
+    @cached_property
+    def methods(self) -> List["Method"]:
+        return [m for m in super().methods if not m.out_parameters or m.optional_out_parameter is not None]
+
     @cached_property
     def py_name(self) -> str:
         custom = self.customizations
@@ -144,10 +148,6 @@ class Method(core.Method):
         custom = self.customizations
         return custom.custom_logic if custom is not None else None
 
-    @cached_property
-    def facade_call_args(self) -> str:
-        return "".join(f"{param.name}, " for param in self.input_parameters if param.type.name != "Gio.Cancellable")
-
 
 class Property(core.Property):
     pass
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ def _make_class(
     type_struct,
     parent,
     constructors,
+    functions,
     methods,
     properties,
     signals,
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@ def _make_class(
         type_struct,
         parent,
         constructors,
+        functions,
         methods,
         properties,
         signals,
@@ -311,6 +313,7 @@ def _make_interface(
     type_struct,
     parent,
     constructors,
+    functions,
     methods,
     properties,
     signals,
@@ -324,6 +327,7 @@ def _make_interface(
         type_struct,
         parent,
         constructors,
+        functions,
         methods,
         properties,
         signals,

subprojects/frida-core.wrap

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [wrap-git]
 url = https://github.com/frida/frida-core.git
-revision = 17.16.4
+revision = 17.23.0
 depth = 1
 
 [provide]

tests/test_bindgen.py

@@ -17,6 +17,27 @@ BINDGEN_CORE = REPO / "frida-bindgen"
 GIRDIR = REPO / "build" / "subprojects" / "frida-core" / "src" / "api"
 OUTDIR = REPO / "build" / "bindgen-out"
 BUILT_EXTENSION = REPO / "build" / "frida" / "_frida.abi3.so"
+CERTIFICATE = """\
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+"""
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(
@@ -131,6 +152,29 @@ class TestExtension(unittest.TestCase):
         options.argv = None
         self.assertIsNone(options.argv)
 
+    def test_certificate_property_accepts_pem_and_path(self):
+        import tempfile
+
+        options = self._frida.RemoteDeviceOptions()
+        self.assertIsNone(options.certificate)
+
+        options.certificate = CERTIFICATE
+        self.assertEqual(options.certificate, CERTIFICATE)
+
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w", suffix=".pem") as f:
+            f.write(CERTIFICATE)
+            f.flush()
+            options.certificate = f.name
+        self.assertEqual(options.certificate, CERTIFICATE)
+
+        options.certificate = None
+        self.assertIsNone(options.certificate)
+
+    def test_certificate_property_rejects_missing_file(self):
+        options = self._frida.RemoteDeviceOptions()
+        with self.assertRaises(self._frida.InvalidArgumentError):
+            options.certificate = "/nonexistent.pem"
+
     def test_vardict_property_round_trips(self):
         options = self._frida.SpawnOptions()
         options.aux = {"name": "value", "count": 42, "flag": True}
@@ -646,6 +690,16 @@ class TestFacade(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             session.detach()
 
+    def test_attach_accepts_linker_notifier_offsets(self):
+        session = self.frida.get_local_device().attach(0, linker_notifier_offsets=[0x100])
+        session.detach()
+
+    def test_enable_debugger_defaults_to_any_port(self):
+        import inspect
+
+        for script in [self.frida.Script, self.frida.aio.Script]:
+            self.assertEqual(inspect.signature(script.enable_debugger).parameters["port"].default, 0)
+
     def test_file_monitor_reports_changes(self):
         import os
         import tempfile