Merge pull request #3240 from some-du6e/fix/spear-jab-animation

Spears: the jab animates in first and third person
Merge pull request #3288 from hectoreccles/feat/beacon-beam-lod
2026-11-07 11:06:11 -10:00 · 2026-10-29 19:17:10 +05:00 · 2026-10-29 19:07:51 +05:00 · 2026-10-29 15:04:46 +01:00 · 2026-10-29 14:57:38 +01:00 · 2026-10-29 14:57:33 +01:00
213 changed files with 13391 additions and 1924 deletions
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@ jobs:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
          BRANCH: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
-          SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+          HEAD_REPO: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
        run: |
+          # Every head the pull request had, not only its last: a run-parity label added on an older head left that
+          # run queued after the merge (#3104, 2026-10-29). Its branch in its own repository names its runs (another
+          # fork can have a branch of the same name).
          for status in queued in_progress waiting pending requested; do
-            gh run list -R "$REPO" --branch "$BRANCH" --status "$status" --limit 100 \
-              --json databaseId,event,headSha \
-              -q ".[] | select(.event == \"pull_request\" and .headSha == \"$SHA\") | .databaseId"
+            gh api -X GET "repos/$REPO/actions/runs" -f branch="$BRANCH" -f event=pull_request -f status="$status" \
+              -f per_page=100 --jq ".workflow_runs[] | select(.head_repository.full_name == \"$HEAD_REPO\") | .id"
          done | sort -u | while read -r id; do
            gh run cancel -R "$REPO" "$id" || true
          done
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
  exporters:
    # This runner holds the maintainer's own pinned Minecraft jars. Only our classes leave it. An untrusted build
-    # goes to the Mac mini runner that already runs pull requests' parity jobs (macOS + horizon-game:
-    # ludovics-mac-mini), never the release runner (MAC_RUNNER: ludovics-mac-mini-release) nor parity-main's.
-    runs-on: ${{ inputs.trusted && vars.MAC_RUNNER || fromJSON('["self-hosted", "macOS", "horizon-game"]') }}
+    # goes to the Mac mini's nightly runner (macOS + horizon-nightly: ludovics-mac-mini-nightly, beside the one that
+    # runs pull requests' parity jobs, so a nightly never waits behind their queue), never the release runner
+    # (MAC_RUNNER: ludovics-mac-mini-release) nor parity-main's.
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.trusted && vars.MAC_RUNNER || fromJSON('["self-hosted", "macOS", "horizon-nightly"]') }}
    # Three full preparations (two isolated, one batched) besides the compile.
    timeout-minutes: 60
    steps:
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
            mac: true
            dir: horizon-macos-arm64
            asset: horizon-macos-arm64.zip
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.mac && (inputs.trusted && vars.MAC_RUNNER || fromJSON('["self-hosted", "macOS", "horizon-game"]')) || matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.mac && (inputs.trusted && vars.MAC_RUNNER || fromJSON('["self-hosted", "macOS", "horizon-nightly"]')) || matrix.os }}
    # Notarizing the zip can take a few minutes.
    timeout-minutes: ${{ matrix.mac && 60 || 40 }}
    env:
@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ name: run-parity
 # skipped `verify`, and GitHub counts a skipped required check as passed.
 on:
  pull_request:
-    types: [labeled]
+    # A push starts a run only to cancel the old head's (see concurrency): the job runs on the label alone.
+    types: [labeled, synchronize]
 permissions:
  contents: read
 concurrency:
-  group: run-parity-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  # The run-parity label and pushes share one group per pull request, so the newest run cancels the one before: a
+  # pushed pull request's run tested a head the merge would no longer land. Any other label gets a group of its own:
+  # in the shared one, adding needs-proof cancelled the parity run queued seconds before (run 40766180150).
+  group: run-parity-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}${{ github.event.action == 'labeled' && github.event.label.name != 'run-parity' && format('-{0}', github.run_id) || '' }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
 env:
  # Test runs never reach the telemetry server: no live-count ping, no uploads (docs/telemetry.md).
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <img src="docs/media/banner.webp" alt="Horizon: Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3, rewritten in Rust and checked against vanilla by 281 differential harnesses" width="100%">
+  <img src="docs/media/banner.webp" alt="Horizon: Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3, rewritten in Rust and checked against vanilla by more than 300 differential harnesses" width="100%">
 </p>

 <p align="center">
@@ -23,15 +23,15 @@

 # Horizon

-Horizon is Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3 rewritten in Rust: a native game that reads the same worlds, follows the same rules and generates the same terrain as the Java game, and is checked against it by 281 differential harnesses. You play it through a small launcher, on the files from your own copy of Minecraft. It is free, open source and unofficial.
+Horizon is Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3 rewritten in Rust: a native game that reads the same worlds, follows the same rules and generates the same terrain as the Java game, and is checked against it by more than 300 differential harnesses. You play it through a small launcher, on the files from your own copy of Minecraft. It is free, open source and unofficial.

 > Not an official Minecraft product. Not approved by or associated with Mojang or Microsoft. Horizon contains no Minecraft code, assets or data: you need your own legally obtained copy of Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3.

 ## Download

-Horizon is installed through **the Horizon launcher**. Get it from [playhorizon.dev](https://playhorizon.dev) (the Download button picks your system) or from [the launcher releases](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/releases?q=launcher-v&expanded=true), for Linux x86-64, macOS on Apple Silicon or Windows x64. The launcher installs and updates the game, prepares its files from your copy of Minecraft (your own install, or downloaded from Mojang for your account), and updates itself.
+Horizon is installed through **the Horizon launcher**. Get it from [playhorizon.dev](https://playhorizon.dev) (the Download button picks your system) or from [the launcher releases](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/releases?q=launcher-v&expanded=true), for Linux x86-64, macOS on Apple Silicon or Windows x64. The launcher installs the game and keeps it up to date with each new build (Horizon ships on one channel, the Nightly), prepares its files from your copy of Minecraft (your own install, or downloaded from Mojang for your account), and updates itself.

-**You need** a Microsoft account that owns Minecraft: Java Edition (the launcher signs in with it, as other launchers do; see [Microsoft account](docs/microsoft-account.md)) and a GPU with Vulkan on Linux and Windows, or any Apple Silicon Mac. Nothing else: with no Minecraft on your computer, Play downloads 26.3 and the Java it needs from Mojang for your account, as the official launcher does, then prepares it once. An install you already have (the official launcher, Prism, MultiMC and other launchers all work) is used instead. Step by step, with macOS's first-open prompt and the first launch: [Install and first launch](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/install).
+**You need** a Microsoft account that owns Minecraft: Java Edition (the launcher signs in with it, as other launchers do; see [Microsoft account](docs/microsoft-account.md)) and a GPU with Vulkan or OpenGL 3.3 on Linux, Vulkan or DirectX 12 on Windows, or any Apple Silicon Mac. Nothing else: with no Minecraft on your computer, Play downloads 26.3 and the Java it needs from Mojang for your account, as the official launcher does, then prepares it once. An install you already have (the official launcher, Prism, MultiMC and other launchers all work) is used instead. Step by step, with macOS's first-open prompt and the first launch: [Install and first launch](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/install).

 <table>
  <tr>
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The [documentation](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/) covers each of these.
 - **Horizon's own extras:** new menus (vanilla's are one setting away), graphics presets, distant terrain up to 1024 chunks, controller support, optional zoom, minimap and more, all off by default where they would change the vanilla look. See [Settings](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/settings).
 - **Resource packs and data packs:** resource packs work, and data packs load functions, predicates and item modifiers.
 - **Playing with others:** invite friends from the pause menu's Friends button with a code, Open to LAN, and joining servers, online-mode ones with the Microsoft account the launcher signs in with. See [Multiplayer](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/multiplayer).
- **Mods:** Horizon has its own mod system (Rust compiled to WebAssembly). Java mod jars do not run. See [Mods and data packs](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/mods).
+- **Mods:** Horizon has its own mods, installed from the launcher. The official ones (Zoom, FPS Counter, Keystrokes and Minimap) are native Rust that the launcher builds into your game, with no Rust to install; older WebAssembly mods still run while they move. Java mod jars do not run in Horizon. See [Mods and data packs](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/mods).

 Screenshots, captured in the Rust client itself with vanilla assets and no mods or shaders:

@@ -139,6 +139,11 @@ average; `tests/test_parity.py` keeps it in sync with this table. Last audited
 rerun whenever one of its inputs changed, and the Mac mini now runs every one of
 them too (Rust uses Java's own float maths on each platform).

+The harnesses measure behaviour. A second measure is method by method: the [port ledger](tools/port_ledger.py)
+lists every method of vanilla 26.3 next to the Rust functions that port it, with a verdict for each one
+(ported, folded into another function, missing, or needing no port), and the untested ports. Run
+`python3 tools/port_ledger.py build`, then `coverage`, with the vanilla data in `.local/`.
+
 | Subsystem | Score | Main gaps |
 | --- | ---: | --- |
 | Window, input and game loop | 1 | None: the game loop, options, camera, auto-jump, toggle sprint/sneak, local input and the frame limiter match vanilla |
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Horizon is Minecraft: Java Edition 26.3 rewritten from scratch in Rust, so it ru
 - **Single player as a server: the last differences**: Single player now runs a small server in the background, as vanilla does. We are fixing what still behaves differently there; every fix also works for LAN and server players.
 - **Horizon's mod registry**: One place for mods, modpacks and resource packs made for Horizon: browse them on the website and install them from the launcher in one click.

-**Next**: Microsoft sign-in (coming soon); CurseForge in the mod browser (coming soon); Fresh benchmarks against vanilla; Pistons push players and mobs; Horizon on Intel Macs; Faster world creation and entry on small CPUs; Servers that hold 20 TPS with 50 to 100 players; Low-end computers: Steam Deck, old Macs, 8 GB; Native upscaling; A batch of targeted optimisations; A Convert to Rust button for what isn't rewritten yet; Mods with code: machines, magic, mobs; Data packs in the mod browser; Prepare a version without Java; Server console, bans and a full admin API; Hosting polish: Windows service, safe updates; Guided hosting with Tailscale and an invite button; An official Docker image for servers; One single-player path: remove the in-frame world; Villages and combat, exactly as in vanilla; Choose the audio output device; Mods that read and change the world; Machines and blocks with inventories (API 0.4); Lua and other languages for mods; Well-known shader looks, rewritten for Horizon; A visible beta label; Wayland and Hyprland polish; A versioned agent-control protocol; Port mods with your own AI agent; Horizon on X (coming soon); Pipeline protection and a GitHub App for agents; Signed updates everywhere, installers included; A server you install with one command.
+**Next**: A new launcher design; CurseForge in the mod browser (coming soon); Fresh benchmarks against vanilla; Pistons push players and mobs; Horizon on Intel Macs; Faster world creation and entry on small CPUs; Servers that hold 20 TPS with 50 to 100 players; Low-end computers: Steam Deck, old Macs, 8 GB; Native upscaling; A batch of targeted optimisations; A Convert to Rust button for what isn't rewritten yet; Mods with code: machines, magic, mobs; Data packs in the mod browser; Prepare a version without Java; Server console, bans and a full admin API; Hosting polish: Windows service, safe updates; Guided hosting with Tailscale and an invite button; An official Docker image for servers; One single-player path: remove the in-frame world; Villages and combat, exactly as in vanilla; Choose the audio output device; Mods that read and change the world; Machines and blocks with inventories (API 0.4); Well-known shader looks, rewritten for Horizon; A visible beta label; Wayland and Hyprland polish; A versioned agent-control protocol; Port mods with your own AI agent; Horizon on X (coming soon); Pipeline protection and a GitHub App for agents; Signed updates everywhere, installers included; A server you install with one command; Ready-made setups for hosting panels.

 **How to help**: Play it and tell us what differs from vanilla (Discord or GitHub), run the benchmark on your computer, vote for what you want next, or pick one of the Help wanted items.

@@ -104,37 +104,49 @@ More: [docs/mods.md](docs/mods.md)

 </details>

+#### Native mods, built by the launcher
+
+Horizon's own mods become native code that the launcher builds into your game, with no Rust to install: Zoom, FPS Counter, Keystrokes and Minimap already are, and Recipes is next.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Stable hook points in the game (game/native_hooks.rs, [#3345](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3345), [#3346](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3346); v2 with the item panel and recipe pages, [#3434](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3434), [#3435](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3435)), horizon-mixins applied by the launcher with its own portable Rust ([#3388](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3388)), on/off in Options > Mods. The official mods live in horizon-mods/native/ and are in the registry as native mods. Next: Recipes, native mods on automatically when a player installs one (with a notice about the first build), then the WebAssembly runtime is removed ([#3350](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3350), [#3351](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3351), [#3353](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3353), [#3371](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3371)).
+
+More: [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)
+
+</details>
+
 #### Mods that run on the server

 Mods that run on the server side of a world, so a dedicated server or a LAN world can have mods that react to players joining, chat and blocks being broken or placed, and that add commands.

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-API 0.3, experimental first ([#1833](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1833), in review): the same sandboxed component runs on the server thread and the dedicated server, with world events (block broken or placed, entity spawned or killed, player joined or left), game rules and server commands with typed arguments. The world, item and entity interfaces come after (see 'Mods that read and change the world'). [docs/api/mods.md](docs/api/mods.md), [docs/mods.md](docs/mods.md).
+The same hook points on the server thread and the dedicated server: world events (block broken or placed, entity spawned or killed, player joined or left), game rules and server commands with typed arguments. The earlier WebAssembly API 0.3 ([#1833](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1833)) is the reference for what to cover.
+
+More: [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)

 </details>

 #### Screens, input and drawing for mods

-Mods will be able to open their own screens and settings pages and react to keys and item use, so bigger mods, such as the Orbital Laser, can run on the normal game.
+Mods will be able to open their own screens and settings pages, react to keys and item use, and draw, so bigger mods, such as the Orbital Laser, run on the normal game.

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-Capability `ui` is in review ([#1864](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1864)): mod-owned screens and a settings page under Options > Mods, built from vanilla's widgets. Still to design: `input` (an item's use, key binds, the crosshair target), `render` (a budgeted draw list on the native shader API) and `world` (changing blocks). Orbital Laser is the acceptance test: it needs all four today through its author's fork (see 'Orbital Laser on the normal game').
-
-More: [docs/mods.md](docs/mods.md)
+On native hook points ([docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)): settings pages under Options > Mods and the item panel are there ([#3346](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3346), [#3435](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3435)). Next: mod-owned screens built from vanilla's widgets, an item's use, key binds and the crosshair target, and a budgeted draw list on the native shader API. Orbital Laser is the acceptance test.

 </details>

 #### Tools for people who make mods

-Better tools for mod makers: a test runner that needs no game window, templates for each kind of mod, and clear promises about what keeps working from one version to the next.
+Better tools for mod makers: templates for each kind of mod, a test run with no game window, and clear promises about which hook points keep working from one version to the next.

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-`cargo horizon-mod test` runs a mod's test scripts against a fake game snapshot ([#1816](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1816)) and, for server mods, scripted server events ([#1837](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1837)); the content template and the guides are merged ([#1859](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1859), [#1810](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1810), [docs/api/stability.md](docs/api/stability.md)). Left: templates for hud, server and machine mods, typed wrappers in the SDK, a frozen 0.1 compatibility mod that every runtime must load, a CI check that fails when a stable reference entry is removed without a new major version, and the SDK on crates.io once the API is stable.
+Native mod template and the content mod template (horizon-mods), `native.py check` that applies mods on a chosen Horizon and builds them together, a weekly check of every official mod on the newest Nightly. Left: a versioned list of stable hook points (NATIVE_HOOKS_API), a test runner without a window, and docs on the site for native mods.

-More: [https://playhorizon.dev/docs/test-a-mod](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/test-a-mod)
+More: [#3388](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3388) · [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)

 </details>

@@ -244,6 +256,20 @@ Horizon's own way to make shader packs, with tools to write and test them. Every

 </details>

+### Launcher
+
+#### Minecraft Java instances in the launcher
+
+Play the real Java game from the Horizon launcher too: vanilla and modded instances, any version, mods from Modrinth filtered to what fits, and your instances imported from other launchers.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+For an account that owns the game: any version downloaded with the Java it needs ([#3406](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3406)), Java instances, the version list and the CLI ([#3395](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3395)), the start command read from the version JSON ([#3419](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3419)). Next: Play for a Java instance, Fabric and Quilt, then NeoForge and Forge; Modrinth with compatibility filtering and dependencies; imports from Prism, MultiMC, the CurseForge app, the Modrinth App, ATLauncher and the official launcher, each from its documented on-disk format.
+
+More: [#3506](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3506)
+
+</details>
+
 ### Horizon extras

 #### Discord Rich Presence
@@ -268,6 +294,16 @@ A review of the whole tree: dead code and stubs removed ([#1432](https://github.

 </details>

+#### Every vanilla method, tracked
+
+A public list of every method of the Java game and where Horizon does it, so anyone can see what is ported, what is missing and pick something to fix.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+[tools/port_ledger.py](tools/port_ledger.py) and tools/port_map/ ([#3139](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3139)): every 26.3 method outside the skipped packages has a verdict (port, inline, missing, skip, trivial), linked to the harnesses that cover it ([#3526](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3526)), with one tracking issue per area. Bug fixes start from it (.claude/skills/vanilla-parity).
+
+</details>
+
 ## Next

 ### Performance
@@ -444,6 +480,16 @@ A player's idea (#horizon-ideas). `horizon-server` already runs headless; left:

 </details>

+#### Ready-made setups for hosting panels
+
+Install a Horizon server from the panels hosts use, such as Pterodactyl and AMP, the usual way for each panel.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Asked in the suggestion queue for Pterodactyl eggs and AMP templates. Builds on the one-command install ('A server you install with one command') and horizon-server's server.toml ([docs/hosting.md](docs/hosting.md)).
+
+</details>
+
 ### Mods and API

 #### Mods that read and change the world
@@ -452,9 +498,9 @@ Mods that can see and change blocks, read inventories and items, and find and af

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-After server mods: read blocks, states and biomes in loaded chunks and change them through the server's block log, so clients and the parity harnesses see vanilla's updates; the player's inventory, held item, open container and item stacks with components; entity queries near a position, a safe subset of entity data and data-driven mod entity types. Snapshots and batched calls per tick, never per-block host calls in hot paths. [docs/api/mods.md](docs/api/mods.md) ('Not there yet').
+Hook points for reading blocks, states and biomes and changing them through the server's block log, so clients and the parity harnesses see vanilla's updates; the player's inventory and item stacks with components; entity queries near a position. Batched per tick, never per-block calls in hot paths.

-More: [docs/modpacks.md](docs/modpacks.md)
+More: [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md) · [docs/modpacks.md](docs/modpacks.md)

 </details>

@@ -468,16 +514,6 @@ Block entities and menus: ticking machines with slots, server menu logic and the

 </details>

-#### Lua and other languages for mods
-
-Write mods as Lua scripts, in the style of KubeJS, with no compiler, and later in other languages that pass the tests. Every language runs in the same sandbox.
-
-<details><summary>Technical</summary>
-
-Lua first: Horizon ships a Lua interpreter that is itself a WebAssembly mod, and a script mod's manifest names it and the capabilities it uses, so a script can do exactly what a compiled mod with the same manifest can, with hot reload of `main.lua`. Then C, C++, Zig, Go (TinyGo), AssemblyScript and JavaScript or TypeScript are measured against Rust on the same tick-heavy example, and each is supported only with a template, an example and a CI test. [docs/api/mods.md](docs/api/mods.md) ('Ways in').
-
-</details>
-
 ### Gameplay parity

 #### Pistons push players and mobs
@@ -536,15 +572,13 @@ More: [docs/shaders.md](docs/shaders.md)

 ### Launcher

-#### Microsoft sign-in (coming soon)
+#### A new launcher design

-Coming soon: sign in with your Microsoft account to play on online-mode servers. The code is ready; it waits for Microsoft's approval.
+A redesigned launcher: every button where you expect it, the fewest clicks to play, add an instance or add mods, smooth animations, and instant startup.

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-Device-code sign-in in the launcher and online-mode login in the client ([docs/microsoft-account.md](docs/microsoft-account.md)). It is turned on by setting the app's client id once Minecraft API access is approved; until then the launcher shows "Coming soon".
-
-More: [#1270](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1270)
+Based on the site concept by the Team (Bricolage Grotesque, a night sky and an animated pixel sunset). Screens and flows are designed first, then small PRs; tokens in [crates/horizon-theme](crates/horizon-theme) and rules in [docs/design-system.md](docs/design-system.md), the game's vanilla look unchanged. Measured before and after: startup, frame time and idle CPU/GPU, reduced motion honoured. Mods screens separate Horizon native mods from Java mods; a running instance can be stopped from the launcher.

 </details>

@@ -708,6 +742,18 @@ Issue [#1270](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1270) asks for Ely.

 </details>

+#### Join servers on older versions
+
+Join servers that run older Minecraft versions, such as 1.21 or 1.8 PvP servers, from Horizon.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Asked often in the suggestion queue. Horizon speaks 26.3's protocol; the path is a native protocol adapter in Rust that translates older versions' packets, not a downloaded Java proxy. Java instances in the launcher already play any version with the real game.
+
+More: [#3023](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/3023)
+
+</details>
+
 #### Online-mode checks for Play with Friends

 Friends who join through an invite code could prove who they are with their Microsoft account, as on online-mode servers.
@@ -720,6 +766,18 @@ Play with Friends joins over an encrypted tunnel with an invite code ([docs/play

 ### Mods and API

+#### Scripts for mods
+
+Small mods written as scripts, in the style of KubeJS, with no compiler.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Waits for native mods to settle: the earlier plan ran Lua inside the WebAssembly sandbox, which is being removed. A script layer over the native hook points is to be designed.
+
+More: [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)
+
+</details>
+
 #### Orbital Laser on the normal game

 The community mod Orbital Laser, made for a fork of Horizon, running on the normal game and listed in the registry as the showcase of the mod API.
@@ -732,13 +790,13 @@ A pull request on [https://github.com/Stink-O/orbital-laser](https://github.com/

 #### Native versions of popular client mods

-Built-in versions of the client mods players ask for: block info on hover, a recipe viewer like JEI, a world map and schematic overlays.
+Built-in versions of the client mods players ask for: block info on hover, a world map, inventory tweaks and schematic overlays.

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-Done as extras: a mod list and menu, a minimap and a zoom ([docs/extras.md](docs/extras.md)). Left: block info tooltips, a recipe viewer (a contributor offered to port JEI if it becomes a native feature), a world map and a schematic overlay. They need the read-only interfaces `inventory-read`, `recipes`, `world-read` and `render` in the mod API, or they go into the game directly.
+Done: a mod list and menu, minimap, zoom, keystrokes, an FPS counter and a recipe viewer, as native mods (horizon-mods/native/). Asked for: an angled world map that shows hills, overhangs and caves, inventory tweaks (drag and scroll to move items), block info tooltips and schematic overlays.

-More: [docs/mods.md](docs/mods.md)
+More: [docs/extras.md](docs/extras.md) · [docs/native-mods.md](docs/native-mods.md)

 </details>

@@ -784,6 +842,16 @@ The game side is merged ([docs/controllers.md](docs/controllers.md)): pads read

 </details>

+#### Splitscreen
+
+Play with a friend on the same screen, each with a controller.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Issue [#2054](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/2054); a contributor is working on it. Two local players on the same world, each with their own camera and HUD, built on the server thread's multiplayer.
+
+</details>
+
 #### The full debug screen

 Vanilla's complete F3 screen: debug options, a profiler chart, ten-second captures and an atlas dump.
@@ -834,7 +902,7 @@ More graphics options: multisample anti-aliasing, anisotropic filtering and an e

 <details><summary>Technical</summary>

-Not implemented ([docs/graphics.md](docs/graphics.md)). Anisotropic filtering needs linear magnification in wgpu, which blurs close blocks, so close-up sharpness has to be kept first; MSAA would sit beside FXAA; exclusive fullscreen where the backend supports it.
+Not implemented ([docs/graphics.md](docs/graphics.md)). Anisotropic filtering needs linear magnification in wgpu, which blurs close blocks, so close-up sharpness has to be kept first; MSAA would sit beside FXAA, and SMAA or TAA are asked for too; exclusive fullscreen where the backend supports it.

 </details>

@@ -862,6 +930,18 @@ Issue [#1709](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1709): aarch64 buil

 </details>

+#### Horizon on Windows ARM64
+
+A native Horizon for Windows on ARM computers, such as Snapdragon laptops.
+
+<details><summary>Technical</summary>
+
+Releases are x64 for Windows and Linux and arm64 for macOS. Needs an aarch64-pc-windows-msvc build in the release workflow and a machine to test on.
+
+More: [docs/release-flow.md](docs/release-flow.md)
+
+</details>
+
 #### Android, iOS and the browser

 Versions of Horizon for Android, iOS and web browsers. Nothing official yet; contributors have started the first pieces.
@@ -968,6 +1048,7 @@ Armour and tools in End city chests should come enchanted, as in vanilla.

 ## Recently shipped

+- **Microsoft sign-in** (launcher@0.2.17): Sign in with your Microsoft account in the launcher to play on online-mode servers. [docs/microsoft-account.md](docs/microsoft-account.md) · [#2879](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/2879)
 - **OpenGL for old computers** (v0.2.63): Horizon now starts on old PCs whose graphics card has no Vulkan or DirectX 12 driver: it switches to OpenGL by itself, and Options > Graphics can pick OpenGL by hand. [#1917](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1917) · [#1920](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1920) · [#1936](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1936)
 - **Server resource packs** (v0.2.48): Servers can send you their resource pack: Horizon asks, downloads it and applies it, like vanilla. [#1562](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1562) · [#1569](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1569) · [#1570](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1570)
 - **Single player on its own server thread** (v0.2.39): Single player runs on a server thread, as vanilla does, so the world keeps ticking smoothly while the window draws. [#1514](https://github.com/horizon-rust/horizon/issues/1514) · [docs/server-levels.md](docs/server-levels.md)
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ pub fn parse_snbt(input: &str) -> Result<(Value, usize), String> {
    let mut p = Parser {
        s: input.as_bytes(),
        i: 0,
+        depth: 0,
    };
    let v = p.value()?;
    Ok((v, p.i))
 }
+/// Nesting deeper than NBT's own limit (`NbtAccounter`'s 512) is refused
+/// rather than overflowing the stack.
+const SNBT_MAX_DEPTH: usize = 512;
 struct Parser<'a> {
    s: &'a [u8],
    i: usize,
+    depth: usize,
 }
 impl Parser<'_> {
    fn ws(&mut self) {
@@ -41,57 +46,22 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
        self.ws();
        match self.peek() {
            Some(b'{') => {
-                self.i += 1;
-                let mut map = Map::new();
-                self.ws();
-                if self.peek() == Some(b'}') {
-                    self.i += 1;
-                    return Ok(Value::Object(map));
-                }
-                loop {
-                    self.ws();
-                    let key = self.string()?;
-                    self.expect(b':')?;
-                    map.insert(key, self.value()?);
-                    self.ws();
-                    match self.peek() {
-                        Some(b',') => self.i += 1,
-                        Some(b'}') => {
-                            self.i += 1;
-                            return Ok(Value::Object(map));
-                        }
-                        _ => return Err("expected ',' or '}'".into()),
-                    }
+                if self.depth >= SNBT_MAX_DEPTH {
+                    return Err(format!("tag nesting too deep at {}", self.i));
                }
+                self.depth += 1;
+                let v = self.object();
+                self.depth -= 1;
+                v
            }
            Some(b'[') => {
-                self.i += 1;
-                let mut list = Vec::new();
-                self.ws();
-                // Typed arrays [B;...], [I;...], [L;...].
-                if matches!(
-                    self.s.get(self.i..self.i + 2),
-                    Some([b'B' | b'I' | b'L', b';'])
-                ) {
-                    self.i += 2;
-                }
-                self.ws();
-                if self.peek() == Some(b']') {
-                    self.i += 1;
-                    return Ok(Value::Array(list));
-                }
-                loop {
-                    list.push(self.value()?);
-                    self.ws();
-                    match self.peek() {
-                        Some(b',') => self.i += 1,
-                        Some(b']') => {
-                            self.i += 1;
-                            return Ok(Value::Array(list));
-                        }
-                        _ => return Err("expected ',' or ']'".into()),
-                    }
+                if self.depth >= SNBT_MAX_DEPTH {
+                    return Err(format!("tag nesting too deep at {}", self.i));
                }
+                self.depth += 1;
+                let v = self.array();
+                self.depth -= 1;
+                v
            }
            Some(b'"' | b'\'') => Ok(Value::String(self.string()?)),
            Some(_) => {
@@ -105,10 +75,20 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
                    _ => {
                        let digits = word
                            .trim_end_matches(['b', 'B', 's', 'S', 'l', 'L', 'f', 'F', 'd', 'D']);
-                        match (digits.parse::<i64>(), digits.parse::<f64>()) {
-                            (Ok(n), _) if digits.len() + 1 >= word.len() => Value::from(n),
-                            (_, Ok(f)) if digits.len() + 1 >= word.len() => Value::from(f),
-                            _ => Value::String(word),
+                        // Only digits (and an exponent) make a number: `nan`
+                        // or `Infinity`, which Rust's parse would take, stays
+                        // a string.
+                        if digits
+                            .bytes()
+                            .any(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic() && c != b'e' && c != b'E')
+                        {
+                            Value::String(word)
+                        } else {
+                            match (digits.parse::<i64>(), digits.parse::<f64>()) {
+                                (Ok(n), _) if digits.len() + 1 >= word.len() => Value::from(n),
+                                (_, Ok(f)) if digits.len() + 1 >= word.len() => Value::from(f),
+                                _ => Value::String(word),
+                            }
                        }
                    }
                })
@@ -116,6 +96,59 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
            None => Err("expected a value".into()),
        }
    }
+    fn object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, String> {
+        self.i += 1;
+        let mut map = Map::new();
+        self.ws();
+        if self.peek() == Some(b'}') {
+            self.i += 1;
+            return Ok(Value::Object(map));
+        }
+        loop {
+            self.ws();
+            let key = self.string()?;
+            self.expect(b':')?;
+            map.insert(key, self.value()?);
+            self.ws();
+            match self.peek() {
+                Some(b',') => self.i += 1,
+                Some(b'}') => {
+                    self.i += 1;
+                    return Ok(Value::Object(map));
+                }
+                _ => return Err("expected ',' or '}'".into()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, String> {
+        self.i += 1;
+        let mut list = Vec::new();
+        self.ws();
+        // Typed arrays [B;...], [I;...], [L;...].
+        if matches!(
+            self.s.get(self.i..self.i + 2),
+            Some([b'B' | b'I' | b'L', b';'])
+        ) {
+            self.i += 2;
+        }
+        self.ws();
+        if self.peek() == Some(b']') {
+            self.i += 1;
+            return Ok(Value::Array(list));
+        }
+        loop {
+            list.push(self.value()?);
+            self.ws();
+            match self.peek() {
+                Some(b',') => self.i += 1,
+                Some(b']') => {
+                    self.i += 1;
+                    return Ok(Value::Array(list));
+                }
+                _ => return Err("expected ',' or ']'".into()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
    fn unquoted(&mut self) -> String {
        let start = self.i;
        while let Some(c) = self.peek() {
@@ -351,4 +384,22 @@ mod tests {
        let t = to_text(&v, &mut |_| Text::empty());
        assert_eq!(t.spans[0].style.font, None);
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn snbt_nesting_is_bounded() {
+        let nest = |n: usize| format!("{}1{}", "[".repeat(n), "]".repeat(n));
+        assert!(parse_snbt(&nest(512)).is_ok());
+        assert!(parse_snbt(&nest(513)).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_snbt(&nest(100_000)).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bare_words_that_look_numeric_stay_strings() {
+        let (v, _) = parse_snbt("{text:nan}").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v["text"], Value::String("nan".into()));
+        let (v, _) = parse_snbt("{text:Infinity}").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v["text"], Value::String("Infinity".into()));
+        let (v, _) = parse_snbt("{n:1.5}").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v["n"], Value::from(1.5));
+    }
 }
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ pub struct Registries {
    pub function_tags: Vec<String>,
    /// The block the source is looking at (relevant coordinates).
    pub target_block: Option<[i32; 3]>,
+    /// `ClientSuggestionProvider.getAbsoluteCoordinates`: the exact point of
+    /// that block hit, each coordinate as `%.2f` (`Locale.ROOT`).
+    pub target_point: Option<[String; 3]>,
    /// Every registry's element and tag ids (`minecraft:item` -> ...), as
    /// the server's registry access and reloadable registries hold them.
    pub by_registry: BTreeMap<String, RegistryIds>,
@@ -662,10 +662,22 @@ pub fn name_shown(own: Option<&Team>, viewer: Option<&Team>, v: NameView) -> boo
    }
    !v.hud_hidden && !v.is_camera && visible && !v.is_vehicle
 }
-/// `ServerPlayer.die`: whether a player's death message reaches the player
-/// themselves (the team broadcasts leave out the dying player).
-pub fn own_death_message_shown(team: Option<&Team>) -> bool {
-    team.is_none_or(|t| t.death_message_visibility == Visibility::Always)
+/// `ServerPlayer.die`: whether `other` hears the death message of `dying`
+/// (`broadcastSystemMessage`, `broadcastSystemToTeam` or
+/// `broadcastSystemToAllExceptTeam`, by the team's death message visibility).
+pub fn death_message_reaches(board: &Scoreboard, dying: &str, other: &str) -> bool {
+    let Some(team) = board.players_team(dying) else {
+        return true;
+    };
+    let same_team = board
+        .players_team(other)
+        .is_some_and(|t| t.name == team.name);
+    match team.death_message_visibility {
+        Visibility::Always => true,
+        Visibility::Never => false,
+        Visibility::HideForOtherTeams => same_team && other != dying,
+        Visibility::HideForOwnTeam => !same_team,
+    }
 }

 // ---- objectives and scores ---------------------------------------------
@@ -403,31 +403,7 @@ impl Text {
                    continue;
                }
                let Some(code) = chars.next() else { break };
-                let code = code.to_ascii_lowercase();
-                let next = if let Some(c) = COLORS.iter().find(|c| c.0 == code) {
-                    // Style.applyLegacyFormat: a colour clears the decorations.
-                    Style {
-                        color: Some(c.2),
-                        bold: Some(false),
-                        italic: Some(false),
-                        underlined: Some(false),
-                        strikethrough: Some(false),
-                        obfuscated: Some(false),
-                        ..style.clone()
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    let mut s = style.clone();
-                    match code {
-                        'k' => s.obfuscated = Some(true),
-                        'l' => s.bold = Some(true),
-                        'm' => s.strikethrough = Some(true),
-                        'n' => s.underlined = Some(true),
-                        'o' => s.italic = Some(true),
-                        'r' => s = span.style.clone(),
-                        _ => {}
-                    }
-                    s
-                };
+                let next = legacy_format(&style, code, &span.style);
                if next != style {
                    if !current.is_empty() {
                        out.spans.push(Span {
@@ -588,6 +564,35 @@ fn style_json(style: &Style) -> Vec<(String, Value)> {
    out
 }

+/// `Style.applyLegacyFormat` for the code after a `§`, `§r` going back to
+/// `reset` (`StringDecomposer.iterateFormatted`); an unknown code changes nothing.
+pub fn legacy_format(style: &Style, code: char, reset: &Style) -> Style {
+    let code = code.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    if let Some(c) = COLORS.iter().find(|c| c.0 == code) {
+        // A colour clears the decorations.
+        return Style {
+            color: Some(c.2),
+            bold: Some(false),
+            italic: Some(false),
+            underlined: Some(false),
+            strikethrough: Some(false),
+            obfuscated: Some(false),
+            ..style.clone()
+        };
+    }
+    let mut s = style.clone();
+    match code {
+        'k' => s.obfuscated = Some(true),
+        'l' => s.bold = Some(true),
+        'm' => s.strikethrough = Some(true),
+        'n' => s.underlined = Some(true),
+        'o' => s.italic = Some(true),
+        'r' => s = reset.clone(),
+        _ => {}
+    }
+    s
+}
+
 /// TranslatableContents.decomposeTemplate: `%s` takes the next argument,
 /// `%n$s` a numbered one and `%%` is a percent sign. Malformed templates are
 /// shown verbatim.
@@ -300,9 +300,8 @@ impl Default for KeyBinds {
    }
 }
 /// Each default key once, in order: two mappings that share a default key
-/// (Advancements and the debug profiler both on L) are one press of it, not
-/// two (the second would close the screen the first opened). Vanilla clicks
-/// both mappings, but the profiler one only acts with F3 held.
+/// (Pick Block and the spectator hotbar both on the middle button) are one
+/// press of it, not two.
 fn distinct<T: PartialEq>(keys: Vec<T>) -> Vec<T> {
    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(keys.len());
    for k in keys {
@@ -368,6 +367,25 @@ impl KeyBinds {
            .map(|m| m.0)
            .filter(move |n| self.get(n) == key)
    }
+    /// The mappings bound to `key` that [`KeyBinds::translate_all`] follows:
+    /// all but the debug keys. Those act only with F3 held
+    /// (`KeyboardHandler.handleDebugKeys`, `debug_keys.rs` reads the physical
+    /// key and the binding itself); their defaults (A, S, D, T, L, 1 to 4...)
+    /// would otherwise turn the key back into its old gameplay meaning.
+    fn translated_mappings<'a>(&'a self, key: &'a str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static str> + 'a {
+        MAPPINGS
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|m| m.2 != "debug")
+            .map(|m| m.0)
+            .filter(move |n| self.get(n) == key)
+    }
+    /// Whether a mapping (other than a debug key) whose default is `key` was
+    /// bound elsewhere.
+    fn default_moved(&self, key: &str) -> bool {
+        MAPPINGS
+            .iter()
+            .any(|(n, d, c)| *d == key && *c != "debug" && !self.is_default(n))
+    }
    /// Translate a physical key into the default key of the mapping it is
    /// bound to, so game code written against vanilla defaults follows the
    /// player's bindings. `None` means the key now does nothing; mouse
@@ -384,7 +402,7 @@ impl KeyBinds {
            return vec![Ok(key)];
        };
        let bound: Vec<_> = self
-            .mappings_for(name)
+            .translated_mappings(name)
            .filter_map(|mapping| {
                let default = Self::default_of(mapping);
                match key_code(default) {
@@ -397,10 +415,7 @@ impl KeyBinds {
            return distinct(bound);
        }
        // An unbound key whose default meaning was moved elsewhere is inert.
-        if MAPPINGS
-            .iter()
-            .any(|(n, d, _)| *d == name && !self.is_default(n))
-        {
+        if self.default_moved(name) {
            return Vec::new();
        }
        vec![Ok(key)]
@@ -413,7 +428,7 @@ impl KeyBinds {
    pub fn translate_mouse_all(&self, button: MouseButton) -> Vec<Result<KeyCode, MouseButton>> {
        let name = mouse_name(button);
        let bound: Vec<_> = self
-            .mappings_for(&name)
+            .translated_mappings(&name)
            .filter_map(|mapping| {
                let default = Self::default_of(mapping);
                match mouse_button(default) {
@@ -425,10 +440,7 @@ impl KeyBinds {
        if !bound.is_empty() {
            return distinct(bound);
        }
-        if MAPPINGS
-            .iter()
-            .any(|(n, d, _)| *d == name && !self.is_default(n))
-        {
+        if self.default_moved(&name) {
            return Vec::new();
        }
        vec![Err(button)]
@@ -508,6 +520,29 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(k.conflicts("key.forward"), ["key.jump"]);
    }
    #[test]
+    fn a_moved_key_keeps_no_default_action() {
+        // #3158: the debug keys (F3+A, F3+1...) share these keys' defaults,
+        // and must not hand them back their gameplay meaning.
+        let mut k = KeyBinds::default();
+        k.set("key.hotbar.1", "key.keyboard.q");
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::Digit1), []);
+        assert_eq!(
+            k.translate_all(KeyCode::KeyQ),
+            [Ok(KeyCode::KeyQ), Ok(KeyCode::Digit1)]
+        );
+        k.set("key.inventory", "key.keyboard.a");
+        k.set("key.left", "key.keyboard.e");
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::KeyA), [Ok(KeyCode::KeyE)]);
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::KeyE), [Ok(KeyCode::KeyA)]);
+        k.set("key.back", "key.keyboard.down");
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::KeyS), []);
+        // Keys left alone still act, and a moved debug key changes nothing.
+        k.set("key.debug.fpsCharts", "key.keyboard.9");
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::Digit2), [Ok(KeyCode::Digit2)]);
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::Digit9), [Ok(KeyCode::Digit9)]);
+        assert_eq!(k.translate_all(KeyCode::F3), [Ok(KeyCode::F3)]);
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn display_names() {
        assert_eq!(display_name("key.keyboard.w").plain(), "W");
        assert_eq!(display_name("key.keyboard.slash").plain(), "/");
@@ -654,10 +654,20 @@ fn sign_text_calls(
        .collect()
 }

+/// How far the text of an outlined call sits in front of its outline, in
+/// text units (`Font.DisplayMode.POLYGON_OFFSET`, see `draw_text`).
+const TEXT_OVER_OUTLINE: f32 = 0.05;
+
 /// Draws a text call with the font atlas: 8x8 glyph cells, the outline as
 /// eight one-pixel offsets under the text.
+///
+/// `TextFeatureRenderer.renderText` draws the outline glyphs NORMAL and the
+/// text over them POLYGON_OFFSET, so the coplanar text always wins the depth
+/// test. Here both share one mesh, so the text is lifted a hair towards the
+/// reader instead (a twentieth of a font pixel, invisible) rather than
+/// z-fighting with the outline under it.
 fn draw_text(scene: &Scene, call: &TextCall, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
-    let mut emit = |dx: f32, dy: f32, argb: u32| {
+    let mut emit = |dx: f32, dy: f32, z: f32, argb: u32| {
        let mut x = call.x + dx;
        let y0 = call.y + dy;
        for ch in call.text.chars() {
@@ -672,7 +682,7 @@ fn draw_text(scene: &Scene, call: &TextCall, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
                        normal: [0; 4],
                        pos: call
                            .matrix
-                            .transform_point3(Vec3::new(cx, cy, 0.0))
+                            .transform_point3(Vec3::new(cx, cy, z))
                            .to_array(),
                        uv,
                        layer: 0,
@@ -697,10 +707,15 @@ fn draw_text(scene: &Scene, call: &TextCall, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
            (0.0, 1.0),
            (1.0, 1.0),
        ] {
-            emit(dx, dy, call.outline);
+            emit(dx, dy, 0.0, call.outline);
        }
    }
-    emit(0.0, 0.0, call.color);
+    let z = if call.outline != 0 {
+        TEXT_OVER_OUTLINE
+    } else {
+        0.0
+    };
+    emit(0.0, 0.0, z, call.color);
 }

 /// Block-entity fields the level ticks, at one position (vanilla's own field
@@ -2258,6 +2273,69 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(out[2].uv, [0.5, 0.5]);
    }

+    /// TextFeatureRenderer.renderText: an outlined call's text is drawn over
+    /// its outline (Font.DisplayMode.POLYGON_OFFSET), never level with it,
+    /// and plain text stays on the sign's plane.
+    #[test]
+    fn outlined_sign_text_sits_in_front_of_its_outline() {
+        let world = World::new(BlockStateId(0), 1);
+        let sprites = HashMap::new();
+        let glyph = |_: char| {
+            let rect = Rect {
+                u0: 0.0,
+                v0: 0.0,
+                u1: 0.0625,
+                v1: 0.0625,
+                w: 8,
+                h: 8,
+            };
+            (Some(rect), 6.0)
+        };
+        let scene = Scene {
+            camera: DVec3::ZERO,
+            orientation: Quat::IDENTITY,
+            anim: &|_| BlockAnim::default(),
+            texts: None,
+            partial: 0.0,
+            game_time: 0,
+            max_y: 320,
+            world: &world,
+            sprites: &sprites,
+            nether: false,
+            lid: &|_| 0.0,
+            sign: &|_| None,
+            banner: &|_| Vec::new(),
+            skull: &|_| None,
+            glyph: &glyph,
+            glyphs: 0,
+        };
+        let mut call = TextCall {
+            matrix: Mat4::IDENTITY,
+            x: 0.0,
+            y: 0.0,
+            text: "Hi".into(),
+            color: 0xFFFF_FF00,
+            outline: 0xFF33_3300,
+            light: 240 | 240 << 8,
+        };
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        draw_text(&scene, &call, &mut out);
+        // Eight outline copies, then the text, four corners a glyph.
+        assert_eq!(out.len(), 9 * 2 * 4);
+        let (outline, text) = out.split_at(8 * 2 * 4);
+        let front = outline.iter().map(|v| v.pos[2]).fold(f32::MIN, f32::max);
+        assert!(
+            text.iter().all(|v| v.pos[2] > front),
+            "text z {:?} not in front of the outline at {front}",
+            text.iter().map(|v| v.pos[2]).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+        call.outline = 0;
+        out.clear();
+        draw_text(&scene, &call, &mut out);
+        assert_eq!(out.len(), 2 * 4);
+        assert!(out.iter().all(|v| v.pos[2] == 0.0));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn cached_sign_text_matches_and_follows_changes() {
        let renderer = BlockEntityRenderer {
@@ -14,14 +14,19 @@ pub use horizon_client_core::potions::{
    BASE_POTION_COLOR, Category, EFFECTS, EffectDef, POTIONS, PotionDef, effect, namespaced,
    potion, potion_color,
 };
-/// `MobEffectUtil.formatDuration` at 20 TPS: m:ss or h:mm:ss.
+/// `MobEffectUtil.formatDuration` at 20 TPS.
 pub fn format_duration(ticks: i32) -> String {
-    let secs = ticks / 20;
+    format_tick_duration(ticks, 20.0)
+}
+/// `StringUtil.formatTickDuration`: mm:ss, or hh:mm:ss from an hour up, every
+/// field two digits.
+pub fn format_tick_duration(ticks: i32, tick_rate: f32) -> String {
+    let secs = (ticks as f32 / tick_rate).floor() as i32;
    let (h, m, s) = (secs / 3600, secs / 60 % 60, secs % 60);
    if h > 0 {
-        format!("{h}:{m:02}:{s:02}")
+        format!("{h:02}:{m:02}:{s:02}")
    } else {
-        format!("{m}:{s:02}")
+        format!("{m:02}:{s:02}")
    }
 }
 /// `item.minecraft.potion.effect.<name>` style translation key for a potion item.
@@ -317,10 +322,14 @@ mod tests {
            potion_name_key("minecraft:splash_potion", Some("minecraft:long_swiftness")),
            "item.minecraft.splash_potion.effect.swiftness"
        );
-        assert_eq!(format_duration(9600), "8:00");
-        assert_eq!(format_duration(450), "0:22");
+        assert_eq!(format_duration(9600), "08:00");
+        assert_eq!(format_duration(450), "00:22");
+        assert_eq!(format_duration(140), "00:07");
+        assert_eq!(format_duration(1800), "01:30");
+        assert_eq!(format_duration(72000), "01:00:00");
+        assert_eq!(format_tick_duration(9600, 40.0), "04:00");
        let t = tooltip(Some("minecraft:strong_poison"), 1.0, &|_| None);
-        assert_eq!(t[0].0, "poison II (0:21)");
+        assert_eq!(t[0].0, "poison II (00:21)");
        assert_eq!(POTIONS.len(), 46);
    }

@@ -377,4 +386,23 @@ mod tests {
        stand.tick(&brewing, &items, &providers);
        assert_eq!(stand.brew_time, 0);
    }
+
+    /// #3312: `PotionContents.getPotionDescription` names the effects with
+    /// translatable components, so a Russian game reads them from ru_ru.json
+    /// (the prepared one; skipped without it), as the tooltip's other lines.
+    #[test]
+    fn effect_lines_read_the_selected_language() {
+        let root = std::path::PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("../../.local/horizon-client")
+            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION);
+        if !root.join("assets/minecraft/lang/ru_ru.json").exists() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let ru = crate::lang::Language::load(&[&root], "ru_ru");
+        let translate = |key: &str| ru.get(key).map(str::to_owned);
+        let lines = tooltip(Some("minecraft:turtle_master"), 0.125, &translate);
+        assert_eq!(lines.len(), 2);
+        assert!(lines[0].0.starts_with("Замедление IV ("), "{lines:?}");
+        assert!(lines[1].0.starts_with("Сопротивление III ("), "{lines:?}");
+    }
 }
@@ -653,18 +653,57 @@ pub fn modify_fov_based_on_death_or_fluid(
    fov
 }

-/// `ClientAvatarState`: the walked distance and view bob of a player.
+/// `ClientAvatarState`: the walked distance, view bob and cloak of a player.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AvatarBob {
    pub walk_dist: f32,
    pub walk_dist_o: f32,
    pub bob: f32,
    pub bob_o: f32,
+    /// `xCloak`, `yCloak`, `zCloak`: a point trailing the player, which the cape leans from.
+    pub cloak: [f64; 3],
+    pub cloak_o: [f64; 3],
 }
 impl AvatarBob {
-    /// `ClientAvatarState.tick` (at the start of `AbstractClientPlayer.tick`).
-    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
+    /// `ClientAvatarState.tick` (at the start of `AbstractClientPlayer.tick`)
+    /// with the player's position then: `moveCloak` eases the cloak a quarter
+    /// of the way there, or puts it there from 10 blocks away.
+    pub fn tick(&mut self, position: [f64; 3]) {
        self.walk_dist_o = self.walk_dist;
+        self.cloak_o = self.cloak;
+        for i in 0..3 {
+            let d = position[i] - self.cloak[i];
+            if d > 10.0 || d < -10.0 {
+                self.cloak[i] = position[i];
+                self.cloak_o[i] = position[i];
+            } else {
+                self.cloak[i] += d * 0.25;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// `AvatarRenderer.extractCapeState`: the cape's `capeFlap`, `capeLean`
+    /// and `capeLean2` (degrees) for the player at `position` (interpolated)
+    /// with its body turned `body_yaw` and its `fallFlyingScale`.
+    pub fn cape(
+        &self,
+        partial: f32,
+        position: [f64; 3],
+        body_yaw: f32,
+        fall_flying_scale: f32,
+    ) -> [f32; 3] {
+        let d: [f64; 3] = std::array::from_fn(|i| {
+            lerp_d(f64::from(partial), self.cloak_o[i], self.cloak[i]) - position[i]
+        });
+        let rad = f64::from(body_yaw * DEG_TO_RAD);
+        let (sin, cos) = (f64::from(trig::sin(rad)), f64::from(-trig::cos(rad)));
+        let mut flap = (d[1] as f32 * 10.0).clamp(-6.0, 32.0);
+        let lean = ((d[0] * sin + d[2] * cos) as f32 * 100.0 * (1.0 - fall_flying_scale))
+            .clamp(0.0, 150.0);
+        let lean2 = ((d[0] * cos - d[2] * sin) as f32 * 100.0).clamp(-20.0, 20.0);
+        let bob = self.interpolated_bob(partial);
+        let walk = lerp(partial, self.walk_dist_o, self.walk_dist);
+        flap += trig::sin(f64::from(walk * 6.0)) * 32.0 * bob;
+        [flap, lean, lean2]
    }
    /// `LocalPlayer.move`: `addWalkedDistance(Mth.length(dx, dz) * 0.6F)`
    /// with the float horizontal displacement.
@@ -795,6 +834,23 @@ pub fn spinning_effect_matrix(intensity: f32, angle_degrees: f32) -> glam::Mat4

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    /// `moveCloak` trails a quarter of the way, jumps from 10 blocks away; the
+    /// cape leans back as the player walks forward (south, body yaw 0).
+    #[test]
+    fn the_cloak_trails_the_player() {
+        let mut a = super::AvatarBob::default();
+        a.tick([0.0, 64.0, 0.0]);
+        assert_eq!((a.cloak, a.cloak_o), ([0.0, 64.0, 0.0], [0.0, 64.0, 0.0]));
+        a.tick([0.0, 64.0, 1.0]);
+        assert_eq!(a.cloak, [0.0, 64.0, 0.25]);
+        let [flap, lean, lean2] = a.cape(1.0, [0.0, 64.0, 1.0], 0.0, 0.0);
+        assert_eq!((flap, lean, lean2), (0.0, 75.0, 0.0));
+        // Falling lifts the flap, at most 32 degrees.
+        assert_eq!(a.cape(1.0, [0.0, 60.0, 0.25], 0.0, 0.0)[0], 32.0);
+        // Gliding takes the lean away.
+        assert_eq!(a.cape(1.0, [0.0, 64.0, 1.0], 0.0, 1.0)[1], 0.0);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn depth_far_covers_the_cloud_range() {
        // renderDistance 2 with the default Cloud Distance (128 chunks).
@@ -42,6 +42,45 @@ pub fn recipe_used_key(id: &str) -> String {
 /// A hopper's slots: the only plain container with five.
 pub const HOPPER_SLOTS: usize = 5;

+/// `getDefaultName` of the `BaseContainerBlockEntity` that `block` holds: the
+/// translation key of its menu's title when it has no custom name. Copper
+/// chests hold a `ChestBlockEntity`, shulker boxes of every colour a
+/// `ShulkerBoxBlockEntity`.
+pub fn default_name_key(block: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    Some(match block {
+        "minecraft:chest" | "minecraft:trapped_chest" => "container.chest",
+        n if n.ends_with("copper_chest") => "container.chest",
+        "minecraft:barrel" => "container.barrel",
+        n if n.ends_with("shulker_box") => "container.shulkerBox",
+        "minecraft:dispenser" => "container.dispenser",
+        "minecraft:dropper" => "container.dropper",
+        "minecraft:hopper" => "container.hopper",
+        "minecraft:furnace" => "container.furnace",
+        "minecraft:smoker" => "container.smoker",
+        "minecraft:blast_furnace" => "container.blast_furnace",
+        "minecraft:brewing_stand" => "container.brewing",
+        "minecraft:crafter" => "container.crafter",
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+/// `BaseContainerBlockEntity.getDisplayName` (`getName`), the title of the
+/// `ClientboundOpenScreenPacket` that opens it: the block entity's custom
+/// name (`CustomName`, a literal), else its default name.
+pub fn display_name(custom: Option<&str>, default_key: &str) -> horizon_world::nbt::Tag {
+    match custom {
+        Some(name) => horizon_protocol::text::literal(name),
+        None => horizon_protocol::text::translatable(default_key, &[]),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `ChestBlock.MENU_PROVIDER_COMBINER`'s `getDisplayName` for a double chest:
+/// the first half's custom name (the right half, `DoubleBlockCombiner`'s
+/// `FIRST`), else the second's, else `container.chestDouble`.
+pub fn double_chest_name(first: Option<&str>, second: Option<&str>) -> horizon_world::nbt::Tag {
+    display_name(first.or(second), "container.chestDouble")
+}
+
 impl Campfire {
    /// `placeFood`'s slot: the first empty one, given the item's
    /// `campfire_cooking` time; it takes one item of `held`.
@@ -378,6 +417,58 @@ impl BlockEntity {
 }
 pub use crate::providers::Providers;

+/// A `ChestBlock`, which `ChestBlock.combine` can join into a double chest:
+/// chests, trapped chests and copper chests in every weathering state, waxed
+/// or not (`CopperChestBlock` extends `ChestBlock`). Ender chests are
+/// `EnderChestBlock`s and always single.
+pub fn is_chest_block(name: &str) -> bool {
+    matches!(name, "minecraft:chest" | "minecraft:trapped_chest") || name.ends_with("copper_chest")
+}
+
+/// A chest block's name with its `type` and `facing` properties.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct ChestHalf<'a> {
+    pub block: &'a str,
+    pub kind: &'a str,
+    pub facing: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl ChestHalf<'_> {
+    /// `ChestBlock.getConnectedDirection` as an (x, z) step to the other
+    /// half: clockwise from the facing for a left half, counter-clockwise for
+    /// a right one. None for a single chest.
+    pub fn connected_step(&self) -> Option<(i32, i32)> {
+        let step = |facing: &str| match facing {
+            "north" => Some((0, -1)),
+            "south" => Some((0, 1)),
+            "west" => Some((-1, 0)),
+            "east" => Some((1, 0)),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+        let (x, z) = step(self.facing)?;
+        // Turning clockwise seen from above takes (x, z) to (-z, x).
+        match self.kind {
+            "left" => Some((-z, x)),
+            "right" => Some((z, -x)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// `DoubleBlockCombiner.combineWithNeigbour` as `ChestBlock.combine` calls
+    /// it: `other`, the block in this half's connected direction, is its other
+    /// half when it is the same block, a half of the other side and faces the
+    /// same way. Copper chests in different weathering states never join
+    /// (`CopperChestBlock` keeps both halves in one state instead).
+    pub fn pairs_with(&self, other: &ChestHalf) -> bool {
+        is_chest_block(self.block)
+            && self.kind != "single"
+            && other.block == self.block
+            && other.kind != "single"
+            && other.kind != self.kind
+            && other.facing == self.facing
+    }
+}
+
 /// `AbstractFurnaceBlockEntity.createExperience`: `count * experience`, floored, and one
 /// more with the chance of what is left over (a level random draw only when there is some).
 pub fn create_experience(
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ struct Globals {
    outline_params: vec4<f32>,
    // Horizon Extras' dynamic lights: camera-relative position and level (dynamic_light.rs).
    dynamic_lights: array<vec4<f32>, 16>,
+    sunrise_fan: array<vec4<f32>, 32>,
 }
@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> globals: Globals;
@group(0) @binding(1) var atlas: texture_2d<f32>;
@@ -203,6 +203,13 @@ pub struct FogInputs<'a> {
    /// `BossHealthOverlay.shouldCreateWorldFog`: a boss bar with
    /// `createWorldFog` is shown (the Ender Dragon's).
    pub boss_world_fog: bool,
+    /// The camera entity is a spectator (`LavaFogEnvironment`).
+    pub spectator: bool,
+    /// The camera entity has Fire Resistance (`LavaFogEnvironment`).
+    pub fire_resistance: bool,
+    /// `GameRenderer.nightVisionScale` while Night Vision is on without
+    /// Darkness, else 0 (`FogRenderer.computeFogColor`'s brightenFactor).
+    pub night_vision: f32,
 }

 /// `FogRenderer.setupFog` + `computeFogColor`.
@@ -272,7 +279,11 @@ pub fn setup_fog(tables: &FogTables, state: &FogState, input: &FogInputs) -> Fog
        color[1] += (color[1] * 0.6 - color[1]) * t;
        color[2] += (color[2] * 0.6 - color[2]) * t;
    }
-    let brighten = if eye_in_water { water_vision } else { 0.0 };
+    let brighten = if eye_in_water {
+        water_vision
+    } else {
+        input.night_vision
+    };
    if color.iter().all(|&c| c != 0.0) {
        let scale = 1.0 / color[0].max(color[1]).max(color[2]);
        color = color.map(|c| c + (c * scale - c) * brighten);
@@ -288,10 +299,16 @@ pub fn setup_fog(tables: &FogTables, state: &FogState, input: &FogInputs) -> Fog
    };
    match input.fog_type {
        FogType::Lava => {
-            fog.environmental_start = 0.25;
-            fog.environmental_end = 1.0;
-            fog.sky_end = 1.0;
-            fog.cloud_end = 1.0;
+            // LavaFogEnvironment.setupFog.
+            (fog.environmental_start, fog.environmental_end) = if input.spectator {
+                (-8.0, rd * 0.5)
+            } else if input.fire_resistance {
+                (0.0, 5.0)
+            } else {
+                (0.25, 1.0)
+            };
+            fog.sky_end = fog.environmental_end;
+            fog.cloud_end = fog.environmental_end;
        }
        FogType::PowderSnow => {
            fog.environmental_start = 0.0;
@@ -362,6 +379,22 @@ pub fn setup_fog(tables: &FogTables, state: &FogState, input: &FogInputs) -> Fog
    }
    fog
 }
+/// Horizon's Fog option turned off (`horizon-graphics.txt` `fog:false`):
+/// no distance fog, in any dimension: the dimension's and biome's own fog
+/// (`visual/fog_start_distance`, `fog_end_distance`: the Nether's ends at 96
+/// blocks) and the render-distance fog. The fog of the fluid or powder snow
+/// the camera is in, blindness, darkness and a boss's world fog keep their
+/// limits. Vanilla has no such option.
+pub fn clear_distance_fog(fog: &mut FogData, input: &FogInputs) {
+    if input.fog_type == FogType::Atmospheric
+        && input.darkness.is_none()
+        && !input.boss_world_fog
+        && input.blindness.is_none()
+    {
+        (fog.render_distance_start, fog.render_distance_end) = (1e9, 2e9);
+        (fog.environmental_start, fog.environmental_end) = (1e9, 2e9);
+    }
+}
 /// `AtmosphericFogEnvironment.updateRainFogState`.
 pub fn update_rain_fog(
    state: &mut FogState,
@@ -405,6 +438,9 @@ mod tests {
            darkness: None,
            darken_world: 0.0,
            boss_world_fog: false,
+            spectator: false,
+            fire_resistance: false,
+            night_vision: 0.0,
        }
    }
    #[test]
@@ -432,6 +468,56 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(water.environmental_start, -8.0);
    }
    #[test]
+    fn fog_off_clears_the_nether_fog_too() {
+        // The Nether's visual/fog_start_distance and fog_end_distance (10, 96)
+        // end before the render distance; the Fog option still clears them.
+        let nether = Sky {
+            fog_start: 10.0,
+            fog_end: 96.0,
+            ..Sky::default()
+        };
+        let tables = FogTables {
+            water_fog_end: vec![1.0],
+        };
+        let mut input = inputs(&nether);
+        input.skybox = false;
+        let mut fog = setup_fog(&tables, &FogState::default(), &input);
+        assert_eq!(fog.environmental_end, 96.0);
+        clear_distance_fog(&mut fog, &input);
+        assert!(fog.environmental_start >= 1e9 && fog.render_distance_start >= 1e9);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn fog_off_keeps_fluid_and_effect_fog() {
+        let sky = Sky {
+            fog_start: 10.0,
+            fog_end: 96.0,
+            ..Sky::default()
+        };
+        let tables = FogTables {
+            water_fog_end: vec![1.0],
+        };
+        let kept = |input: &FogInputs| {
+            let mut fog = setup_fog(&tables, &FogState::default(), input);
+            let before = fog;
+            clear_distance_fog(&mut fog, input);
+            fog == before
+        };
+        for fog_type in [FogType::Lava, FogType::PowderSnow, FogType::Water] {
+            let mut input = inputs(&sky);
+            input.fog_type = fog_type;
+            assert!(kept(&input), "{fog_type:?}");
+        }
+        let mut input = inputs(&sky);
+        input.blindness = Some((100, false));
+        assert!(kept(&input));
+        let mut input = inputs(&sky);
+        input.darkness = Some(0.5);
+        assert!(kept(&input));
+        let mut input = inputs(&sky);
+        input.boss_world_fog = true;
+        assert!(kept(&input));
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn boss_darkening_dims_fog_color() {
        // FogRenderer.computeFogColor: lerp toward 70/60/60% of each channel.
        let sky = Sky {
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //! offsets), styled drawing and StringSplitter-style line wrapping.
 use crate::{
    hud::Rect,
-    text::{Style, Text},
+    text::{Span, Style, Text, legacy_format},
    zip::Zip,
 };
 use ab_glyph::{Font as _, ScaleFont as _};
@@ -966,6 +966,83 @@ impl Font {
        }
        out
    }
+    /// `Font.split`: `StringSplitter.splitLines(text, width, Style.EMPTY)` over
+    /// the text's parts with their `§` codes in. A code styles what follows
+    /// (`§r` back to no style while measuring), and the part a line breaks in
+    /// goes on in the style at the break. Lines keep their codes for drawing.
+    pub fn split_formatted(&self, t: &Text, max_width: f32) -> Vec<Text> {
+        let max_width = max_width.max(1.0);
+        let mut parts: Vec<(Vec<char>, Style)> = t
+            .spans
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|s| !s.text.is_empty())
+            .map(|s| (s.text.chars().collect(), s.style.clone()))
+            .collect();
+        let mut flat: Vec<char> = parts.iter().flat_map(|p| p.0.iter().copied()).collect();
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        let mut force_new_line = false;
+        // One LineBreakFinder per line, over the parts left.
+        while let Some((at, split_style)) = self.line_break(&parts, max_width) {
+            let tail = flat[at];
+            let new_line = tail == '\n';
+            let skip = usize::from(new_line || tail == ' ');
+            force_new_line = new_line;
+            out.push(split_at(&mut parts, at, skip, &split_style));
+            flat.drain(..at + skip);
+        }
+        if !parts.is_empty() {
+            let mut rest = Text::default();
+            rest.spans = parts
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(text, style)| Span {
+                    text: text.into_iter().collect(),
+                    style,
+                })
+                .collect();
+            out.push(rest);
+        } else if force_new_line {
+            out.push(Text::empty());
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    /// `StringSplitter.LineBreakFinder` fed by `StringDecomposer.iterateFormatted`:
+    /// where the parts break (a character index) and the style there.
+    fn line_break(&self, parts: &[(Vec<char>, Style)], max_width: f32) -> Option<(usize, Style)> {
+        let (mut width, mut had_visible, mut last_space) = (0.0f32, false, None);
+        let mut offset = 0;
+        for (contents, part_style) in parts {
+            let mut style = part_style.clone();
+            let mut i = 0;
+            while i < contents.len() {
+                let c = contents[i];
+                if c == '§' {
+                    // A `§` that ends its part ends only that part.
+                    let Some(&code) = contents.get(i + 1) else {
+                        break;
+                    };
+                    style = legacy_format(&style, code, &Style::default());
+                    i += 2;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let at = offset + i;
+                if c == '\n' {
+                    return Some((at, style));
+                }
+                if c == ' ' {
+                    last_space = Some((at, style.clone()));
+                }
+                let advance = self.advance(c, &style);
+                width += advance;
+                if had_visible && width > max_width {
+                    return Some(last_space.unwrap_or((at, style)));
+                }
+                had_visible |= advance != 0.0;
+                i += 1;
+            }
+            offset += contents.len();
+        }
+        None
+    }
    /// `ComponentRenderUtils.wrapComponents`: the split lines, wrapped ones
    /// indented by an unstyled space; one empty line for empty text.
    pub fn wrap_components(&self, t: &Text, max_width: i32) -> Vec<Text> {
@@ -1059,6 +1136,47 @@ impl Font {
    }
 }

+/// `StringSplitter.FlatComponents.splitAt`: the parts before `at` as a line,
+/// `skip` characters dropped, and the part it ends in restyled as `style`.
+fn split_at(parts: &mut Vec<(Vec<char>, Style)>, at: usize, skip: usize, style: &Style) -> Text {
+    let mut line = Text::default();
+    let mut push = |text: &[char], style: &Style| {
+        line.spans.push(Span {
+            text: text.iter().collect(),
+            style: style.clone(),
+        })
+    };
+    // Each part done is removed, so the one at hand is always the first.
+    let (mut position, mut in_skip) = (at, false);
+    while let Some((text, part_style)) = parts.first() {
+        let size = text.len();
+        if !in_skip {
+            if position > size {
+                push(text, part_style);
+                parts.remove(0);
+                position -= size;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if position > 0 {
+                push(&text[..position], part_style);
+            }
+            position += skip;
+            in_skip = true;
+        }
+        if position <= size {
+            if position == size {
+                parts.remove(0);
+            } else {
+                parts[0] = (text[position..].to_vec(), style.clone());
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        parts.remove(0);
+        position -= size;
+    }
+    line
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -1221,6 +1339,37 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(!font.take_patches().is_empty());
    }

+    /// StringDecomposer.iterateFormatted: a `§` that ends a part stops that
+    /// part only; the next part is still measured and can break.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_section_sign_ending_a_part_still_breaks_the_next() {
+        let sheet = png(16, 8, |x, _| x < 2);
+        let default = br#"{"providers":[{"type":"space","advances":{" ":4}},{"type":"bitmap","file":"minecraft:font/a.png","ascent":7,"chars":["ab"]}]}"#;
+        let root = root(
+            "section-sign",
+            &[
+                ("assets/minecraft/font/default.json", default),
+                ("assets/minecraft/textures/font/a.png", &sheet),
+            ],
+        );
+        let font = load(&root);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+        let mut text = Text::default();
+        text.spans = ["a§", "a a"]
+            .map(|part| Span {
+                text: part.into(),
+                style: Style::default(),
+            })
+            .into();
+        // 3 + 3 + 4 + 3 is past 12: the line breaks at the space.
+        let lines: Vec<String> = font
+            .split_formatted(&text, 12.0)
+            .iter()
+            .map(Text::plain)
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(lines, ["a§a", "a"]);
+    }
+
    /// A renderer rebuilt over the same font (the loading screen's handoff)
    /// makes its atlas texture from the textures alone, so the glyphs it had
    /// rasterized into the previous texture must be placed into the new one.
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ mod entity_outline;
 mod weather;
 use entity_batch::EntityBatch;
 pub use entity_batch::{
-    ENERGY_SWIRL_OVERLAY, SHADOW_OVERLAY, TRANSLUCENT_GLINT_ITEM_OVERLAY, TRANSLUCENT_ITEM_OVERLAY,
-    TRANSLUCENT_PARTICLE_OVERLAY, WATER_MASK_OVERLAY,
+    ENERGY_SWIRL_OVERLAY, SHADOW_OVERLAY, TEXT_POLYGON_OFFSET_OVERLAY,
+    TRANSLUCENT_GLINT_ITEM_OVERLAY, TRANSLUCENT_ITEM_OVERLAY, TRANSLUCENT_PARTICLE_OVERLAY,
+    WATER_MASK_OVERLAY,
 };

 /// Window.getAppropriateLineWidth, in framebuffer pixels.
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ mod page_runs;
 pub mod panorama;
 mod resident;
 mod stars;
+mod sunrise_fan;
 mod timing;
 pub mod translucency;
 pub(crate) mod upload;
@@ -188,6 +190,8 @@ struct Globals {
    outline_params: [f32; 4],
    /// Horizon Extras' dynamic lights: camera-relative position and level (`dynamic_light`).
    dynamic_lights: [[f32; 4]; crate::dynamic_light::MAX],
+    /// The sunrise fan's triangles as the sky shader tests them (`sunrise_fan::normals`).
+    sunrise_fan: [[f32; 4]; 2 * sunrise_fan::TRIANGLES],
 }
 pub type SectionKey = (i32, i32, i32);
 struct SectionGpu {
@@ -425,6 +429,7 @@ pub struct Renderer {
    lightning_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    lightning: lightning::Renderer,
    see_through_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    text_polygon_offset_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    celestial_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    celestial_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
    end_sky: end_sky::EndSky,
@@ -533,7 +538,7 @@ pub struct Renderer {
    block_entity_revision: u64,
    /// VisGraph face connectivity per meshed section (cave culling).
    occlusion: occlusion::Occlusion,
-    /// Resolution scale and FXAA (Horizon settings).
+    /// Resolution scale, FXAA and TAA (Horizon settings).
    world_post: world_post::Post,
    /// HDR output (Horizon setting): `Some` while the swapchain is HDR.
    hdr: Option<hdr::Hdr>,
@@ -765,8 +770,14 @@ fn mip_chain(
 /// pass is also what passes each draw's first instance to shaders reading
 /// `instance_index`, and DirectX 12 is the fallback, where working matters
 /// more than CPU time.
-fn instance_descriptor(backends: wgpu::Backends) -> wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
+fn instance_descriptor(
+    backends: wgpu::Backends,
+    window: Option<&Arc<Window>>,
+) -> wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
    let mut descriptor = wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle();
+    if let Some(window) = window {
+        descriptor = descriptor.with_display_handle(Box::new(WindowDisplay(window.clone())));
+    }
    descriptor.backends = backends.with_env();
    let dx12 = cfg!(windows) && descriptor.backends.contains(wgpu::Backends::DX12);
    if !cfg!(debug_assertions) && !dx12 {
@@ -776,6 +787,21 @@ fn instance_descriptor(backends: wgpu::Backends) -> wgpu::InstanceDescriptor {
    }
    descriptor.with_env()
 }
+/// The window's display connection, so the OpenGL backend creates its EGL
+/// display from the X11 or Wayland connection the window lives on. Without
+/// one, wgpu-hal falls back to `EGL_MESA_platform_surfaceless`, whose configs
+/// cannot present to a window; the backend then reports the surface as
+/// incompatible and the game has no OpenGL to fall back to (`gl not
+/// compatible with provided surface`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct WindowDisplay(Arc<Window>);
+impl wgpu::rwh::HasDisplayHandle for WindowDisplay {
+    fn display_handle(
+        &self,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<wgpu::rwh::DisplayHandle<'_>, wgpu::rwh::HandleError> {
+        wgpu::rwh::HasDisplayHandle::display_handle(&*self.0)
+    }
+}
 /// The backends to open a device on, each tried in turn until one gives a
 /// device. `api` is the player's choice (`GraphicsApi::with_env` applied);
 /// `os` is `std::env::consts::OS`; `wgpu_backend`: whether `WGPU_BACKEND` is set,
@@ -853,6 +879,14 @@ fn check_layers(limits: &wgpu::Limits, layers: u32) -> Result<()> {
    }
    Ok(())
 }
+/// Whether the swapchain can take a window of `width` x `height`: each side from 1 to the
+/// device's `max_texture_dimension_2d` (`max`), else `Surface::configure` panics. 0 is a
+/// minimized window. Past `max`: Windows lets a program size a window up to 65535 pixels
+/// (`SetWindowPos`), a 984x65496 client area, when an RTX 5080 takes 32768. Vanilla's
+/// `Window.onFramebufferResize` likewise keeps the last size for one that is not positive.
+fn drawable_size(width: u32, height: u32, max: u32) -> bool {
+    (1..=max).contains(&width) && (1..=max).contains(&height)
+}
 /// The swapchain format: a non-sRGB target, because vanilla blends and tints in gamma
 /// space, and 8-bit, because wgpu gives `Rgba16Float` the linear `ExtendedSrgb` color
 /// space: the compositor would read these gamma-encoded values as linear light and wash
@@ -890,7 +924,7 @@ async fn open_device(
        if attempt > 0 {
            log::warn!("Horizon renderer: trying {name} ({})", failures.join("; "));
        }
-        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(instance_descriptor(backends));
+        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(instance_descriptor(backends, Some(window)));
        let surface = if offscreen {
            None
        } else {
@@ -1100,9 +1134,14 @@ impl Renderer {
        let info = adapter.get_info();
        crate::graphics::suggest_reduced_far_detail(crate::graphics::lod_capped(&info));
        let size = window.inner_size();
+        let max_side = device.limits().max_texture_dimension_2d;
        let (config, present_modes, hdr_output) = if let Some(surface) = &surface {
            let mut config = surface
-                .get_default_config(&adapter, size.width.max(1), size.height.max(1))
+                .get_default_config(
+                    &adapter,
+                    size.width.clamp(1, max_side),
+                    size.height.clamp(1, max_side),
+                )
                .ok_or("surface has no supported configuration")?;
            let caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
            config.format = surface_format(&caps.formats, config.format);
@@ -1128,14 +1167,21 @@ impl Renderer {
                ));
            }
            surface.configure(&device, &config);
-            (config, caps.present_modes.clone(), hdr::output(&caps))
+            let hdr_output = hdr::output(&caps);
+            if previous.is_none() {
+                log::info!(
+                    "Horizon renderer: HDR output {}",
+                    hdr_output.map_or("not offered by this display", hdr::Output::name)
+                );
+            }
+            (config, caps.present_modes.clone(), hdr_output)
        } else {
            let format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Bgra8Unorm;
            let config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
                usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC,
                format,
-                width: size.width.max(1),
-                height: size.height.max(1),
+                width: size.width.clamp(1, max_side),
+                height: size.height.clamp(1, max_side),
                present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Immediate,
                desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
                alpha_mode: wgpu::CompositeAlphaMode::Opaque,
@@ -2016,6 +2062,21 @@ impl Renderer {
            alpha_blend,
            false,
        );
+        // RenderPipelines.TEXT_POLYGON_OFFSET: a text display's text and
+        // background win against the surface they lie on (bias 1, 10).
+        let text_polygon_offset_pipeline = entity_pipeline(
+            "Polygon offset text",
+            None,
+            true,
+            wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual,
+            wgpu::DepthBiasState {
+                constant: 10,
+                slope_scale: 1.0,
+                clamp: 0.0,
+            },
+            alpha_blend,
+            false,
+        );
        let entity_pipeline = entity_pipeline(
            "Entities",
            None,
@@ -2573,6 +2634,7 @@ impl Renderer {
            lightning_pipeline,
            lightning: lightning::Renderer::new(),
            see_through_pipeline,
+            text_polygon_offset_pipeline,
            celestial_pipeline,
            celestial_buffer,
            end_sky: end_sky::EndSky::default(),
@@ -2661,7 +2723,7 @@ impl Renderer {
            hud,
            menu_blur: None,
            info,
-            suspended: size.width == 0 || size.height == 0,
+            suspended: !drawable_size(size.width, size.height, max_side),
            drawn_sections: 0,
            section_draws: 0,
            section_draw_calls: 0,
@@ -2821,8 +2883,11 @@ impl Renderer {
            );
        }
    }
+    /// Follows the window to `width` x `height`. A size the swapchain can't take
+    /// ([`drawable_size`]) keeps the last one and draws nothing until the next.
    pub fn resize(&mut self, width: u32, height: u32) {
-        self.suspended = width == 0 || height == 0;
+        let max = self.device.limits().max_texture_dimension_2d;
+        self.suspended = !drawable_size(width, height, max);
        if self.suspended {
            return;
        }
@@ -3206,6 +3271,19 @@ impl Renderer {
        }
        config
    }
+    /// The F3 screen's HDR line while the setting is on: the swapchain HDR presents to with
+    /// its paper white and peak, or that the surface offers none.
+    pub fn hdr_line(&self) -> String {
+        match &self.hdr {
+            Some(hdr) => format!(
+                "HDR: {}, {}/{} nits",
+                hdr.output.name(),
+                hdr.paper_white.round(),
+                hdr.peak.round()
+            ),
+            None => "HDR: not offered by this display".into(),
+        }
+    }
    /// HDR output (Horizon setting): HDR10 or scRGB at `paper_white` nits, the world's
    /// highlights expanded up to `peak` nits. Off where the surface can't present it.
    pub fn set_hdr(&mut self, on: bool, paper_white: f32, peak: f32, marker: &std::path::Path) {
@@ -3222,6 +3300,14 @@ impl Renderer {
            let format = self.config.format.remove_srgb_suffix();
            self.hdr = output.map(|output| hdr::Hdr::new(&self.device, format, output));
            self.configure_surface();
+            match output {
+                Some(output) => log::info!(
+                    "Horizon renderer: HDR on: {} ({:?}), {paper_white}/{peak} nits",
+                    output.name(),
+                    output.format()
+                ),
+                None => log::info!("Horizon renderer: HDR off"),
+            }
        }
        if let Some(hdr) = &mut self.hdr
            && (hdr.paper_white, hdr.peak) != (paper_white, peak)
@@ -3231,9 +3317,12 @@ impl Renderer {
            self.send_hdr_metadata();
        }
    }
-    pub fn set_world_post(&mut self, scale: f32, antialias: bool) {
+    /// `upscale`: output pixels per rendered pixel, for TAA to rebuild (1: native).
+    pub fn set_world_post(&mut self, scale: f32, antialias: bool, taa: bool, upscale: f32) {
        self.world_post.scale = scale.clamp(0.25, 2.0);
-        self.world_post.antialias = antialias;
+        self.world_post.antialias = antialias && !taa;
+        self.world_post.taa = taa;
+        self.world_post.upscale = if taa { upscale.clamp(1.0, 4.0) } else { 1.0 };
    }
    /// Runs `post` over the world from now on (`None`: no pack), for the dimension `dimension`;
    /// `block_ids` gives each block sprite layer's `mc_Entity` (id, fluid) pair.
@@ -3615,6 +3704,16 @@ impl Renderer {
            frame.boss_darken,
        );
        let view_proj = self.view_projection(frame);
+        // TAA runs where the world post pass does, not under a shader pack's own.
+        let taa = !frame.title
+            && self.pack_post.as_ref().is_none_or(|p| p.1.is_none())
+            && self.native.as_ref().is_none_or(|n| n.post.is_none());
+        let jittered = self.world_post.jitter(
+            [self.config.width, self.config.height],
+            taa,
+            view_proj,
+            frame.camera,
+        ) * view_proj;
        if frame.title {
            self.panorama.prepare(
                &self.queue,
@@ -3666,7 +3765,7 @@ impl Renderer {
            )
        };
        let globals = Globals {
-            view_proj: view_proj.to_cols_array_2d(),
+            view_proj: jittered.to_cols_array_2d(),
            fog_color,
            fog,
            sky_color: [
@@ -3706,6 +3805,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                }
                lights
            },
+            sunrise_fan: sunrise_fan::normals(frame.sky.sunrise_color[3], sun),
        };
        self.uploads
            .buffer(&mut encoder, &self.globals, 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&globals));
@@ -4208,6 +4308,7 @@ impl Renderer {
        }
        let [
            entity_quads,
+            text_quads,
            crumbling_quads,
            translucent_crumbling_quads,
            water_mask_quads,
@@ -4220,6 +4321,7 @@ impl Renderer {
            .update(entities, frame.additive, frame.hand, frame.see_through);
        let weather_quads = frame.weather.len() as u32 / 4;
        let world_quads = entity_quads
+            + text_quads
            + crumbling_quads
            + translucent_crumbling_quads
            + water_mask_quads
@@ -4298,7 +4400,7 @@ impl Renderer {
            self.stars.prepare(
                &mut self.uploads,
                &mut encoder,
-                view_proj * rotation,
+                jittered * rotation,
                brightness,
            );
        }
@@ -4471,6 +4573,8 @@ impl Renderer {
                .flatten();
        }
        let pack_reads_world = pack_post || native_post;
+        // Phase 2 of occlusion culling draws over the depth, and a shader pack or TAA reads it.
+        let keep_depth = pack_reads_world || (taa && self.world_post.taa);
        // The pack's program reads the vertices this frame's draws bind.
        let pack_draws_terrain = pack_terrain && flat_frame == self.pack_terrain_flat;
        // The shadow camera's lists, drawn by the pack's shadow programs.
@@ -4622,8 +4726,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                    view: world_depth,
                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(0.0),
-                        // Phase 2 of occlusion culling draws over it; a shader pack reads it.
-                        store: if cull.is_some() || pack_reads_world {
+                        store: if cull.is_some() || keep_depth {
                            wgpu::StoreOp::Store
                        } else {
                            wgpu::StoreOp::Discard
@@ -4698,7 +4801,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                                &mut encoder,
                                world_view,
                                world_depth,
-                                pack_reads_world,
+                                keep_depth,
                            );
                            pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
                            pack_frame(&mut pass);
@@ -4728,7 +4831,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                                &mut encoder,
                                world_view,
                                world_depth,
-                                pack_reads_world,
+                                keep_depth,
                            );
                            pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
                            pack_frame(&mut pass);
@@ -4757,6 +4860,13 @@ impl Renderer {
                pass.draw_indexed(0..entity_quads * 6, 0, 0..1);
                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
            }
+            if text_quads > 0 {
+                pass.set_pipeline(&self.text_polygon_offset_pipeline);
+                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.entity_group, &[]);
+                pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.entity_buffer.slice(..));
+                pass.draw_indexed(0..text_quads * 6, (entity_quads * 4) as i32, 0..1);
+                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
+            }
            if translucent_item_quads > 0 {
                pass.set_pipeline(&self.translucent_item_pipeline);
                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.entity_group, &[]);
@@ -4776,7 +4886,11 @@ impl Renderer {
                pass.set_pipeline(&self.crumbling_pipeline);
                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.entity_group, &[]);
                pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.entity_buffer.slice(..));
-                pass.draw_indexed(0..crumbling_quads * 6, (entity_quads * 4) as i32, 0..1);
+                pass.draw_indexed(
+                    0..crumbling_quads * 6,
+                    ((entity_quads + text_quads) * 4) as i32,
+                    0..1,
+                );
                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
            }
            if shadow_quads > 0 {
@@ -4802,7 +4916,8 @@ impl Renderer {
                pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.entity_buffer.slice(..));
                pass.draw_indexed(
                    0..water_mask_quads * 6,
-                    ((entity_quads + crumbling_quads + translucent_crumbling_quads) * 4) as i32,
+                    ((entity_quads + text_quads + crumbling_quads + translucent_crumbling_quads)
+                        * 4) as i32,
                    0..1,
                );
                pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.group, &[]);
@@ -4820,6 +4935,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                pass.draw_indexed(
                    0..swirl_quads * 6,
                    ((entity_quads
+                        + text_quads
                        + crumbling_quads
                        + translucent_crumbling_quads
                        + water_mask_quads)
@@ -4913,7 +5029,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.entity_buffer.slice(..));
                pass.draw_indexed(
                    0..translucent_crumbling_quads * 6,
-                    ((entity_quads + crumbling_quads) * 4) as i32,
+                    ((entity_quads + text_quads + crumbling_quads) * 4) as i32,
                    0..1,
                );
            }
@@ -5041,7 +5157,8 @@ impl Renderer {
                native.timing.as_mut(),
            );
        } else if scaled.is_some() {
-            self.world_post.finish(&mut encoder, &view_target);
+            self.world_post
+                .finish(&self.queue, &mut encoder, &view_target);
        }
        if let Some(hdr) = &self.hdr {
            hdr.keep_world(&mut encoder);
@@ -5452,6 +5569,23 @@ fn frustum(m: Mat4) -> [Vec4; 6] {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn drawable_size_skips_minimized_and_oversized_windows() {
+        use super::drawable_size;
+        assert!(drawable_size(1280, 720, 8192));
+        assert!(drawable_size(1, 1, 8192));
+        assert!(drawable_size(8192, 8192, 8192));
+        // Minimized.
+        assert!(!drawable_size(0, 720, 8192));
+        assert!(!drawable_size(1280, 0, 8192));
+        assert!(!drawable_size(0, 0, 8192));
+        // One past the device's largest texture.
+        assert!(!drawable_size(8193, 720, 8192));
+        assert!(!drawable_size(1280, 8193, 8192));
+        // The crash: a window `SetWindowPos` made 65535 pixels tall, on an RTX 5080 (32768).
+        assert!(!drawable_size(984, 65496, 32768));
+        assert!(!drawable_size(984, u32::MAX, 32768));
+    }
    #[test]
    fn surface_is_8_bit_and_not_srgb() {
        use super::surface_format;
@@ -5516,6 +5650,7 @@ mod tests {
            (11, 2),
            (15, 10),
            (7, 3),
+            (35, 11),
            (4, 4),
            (12, 7),
        ]
@@ -5525,7 +5660,7 @@ mod tests {
        let mut batch = super::EntityBatch::default();
        let counts = batch.update(&entities, &quad(3, 5), &quad(0, 6), &quad(0, 8));
        let vertices = &batch.combined;
-        assert_eq!(counts, [4, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(counts, [4, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0]);
        assert_eq!(
            vertices
                .as_chunks::<4>()
@@ -5533,7 +5668,7 @@ mod tests {
                .iter()
                .map(|q| q[0].light)
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            [0, 1, 3, 4, 2, 7, 9, 10, 5, 6, 8]
+            [0, 1, 3, 4, 11, 2, 7, 9, 10, 5, 6, 8]
        );
    }
    #[test]
@@ -5704,7 +5839,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn indirect_draws_are_validated_only_in_debug_builds_and_on_directx_12() {
        let validated = |backends| {
-            super::instance_descriptor(backends)
+            super::instance_descriptor(backends, None)
                .flags
                .contains(wgpu::InstanceFlags::VALIDATION_INDIRECT_CALL)
        };
@@ -103,10 +103,11 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
        let mut counts: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
        let mut sprites = Vec::with_capacity(animations.len());
        for animation in animations {
-            let chains: Vec<_> = (0..animation.frame_count())
-                .map(|frame| source_chain(animation.pixels(frame), size, settings, animation.layer))
+            let pixels: Vec<_> = (0..animation.frame_count())
+                .map(|frame| animation.pixels(frame))
                .collect();
-            let bytes: u64 = chains.iter().map(|(chain, _)| chain.len() as u64).sum();
+            let (chains, edge) = source_chains(&pixels, size, settings, animation.layer);
+            let bytes: u64 = chains.iter().map(|chain| chain.len() as u64).sum();
            if bytes > limit {
                log::warn!(
                    "Horizon: layer {}'s animation ({bytes} bytes) does not fit in a storage buffer; it stays still",
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
            let data = &mut frames[buffer];
            let offsets = chains
                .iter()
-                .map(|(chain, _)| {
+                .map(|chain| {
                    let offset = (data.len() / 4) as u32;
                    data.extend_from_slice(chain);
                    offset
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
                shown: None,
                layer: animation.layer % split,
                frames: offsets,
-                edge: chains[0].1,
+                edge,
                group,
            });
        }
@@ -424,15 +425,63 @@ fn mix_level(frames: &[u8], [_, current, next, millis, edge]: [u32; 5], width: u
 /// array's size from its own size's chain, its first level repeated into the
 /// larger levels: that chain, which the shader repeats. Any other sprite: its
 /// chain at the array's size.
+#[cfg(test)]
 fn source_chain(pixels: &[u8], size: u32, settings: &[Settings], layer: u32) -> (Vec<u8>, u32) {
-    let native = settings.get(layer as usize).map_or(0, |s| s.native_size);
-    let edge = if native.is_power_of_two() && native < size {
-        native
+    let (mut chains, edge) = source_chains(&[pixels], size, settings, layer);
+    (chains.swap_remove(0), edge)
+}
+
+/// Every frame's chain, laid out as one frame's `source_chain`, but mipmapped as
+/// vanilla's `SpriteContents.increaseMipLevel` does: over the whole animation
+/// sheet (the frames stacked), so `solidify` and the alpha-to-coverage scale
+/// of each level are the sheet's, not each frame's. A frame alone has a
+/// single texel square at its 2x2 level, and its coverage scale could round
+/// a whole far frame transparent (kelp blinking out at distance).
+fn source_chains(
+    frames: &[&[u8]],
+    size: u32,
+    settings: &[Settings],
+    layer: u32,
+) -> (Vec<Vec<u8>>, u32) {
+    let s = settings.get(layer as usize).copied().unwrap_or_default();
+    let edge = if s.native_size.is_power_of_two() && s.native_size < size {
+        s.native_size
    } else {
        size
    };
-    let frame = crate::sprites::resample(pixels, size, edge);
-    (super::mip_chain(&frame, edge, settings, layer, 1).0, edge)
+    let mut sheet = crate::mipmap::Image {
+        width: edge,
+        height: edge * frames.len() as u32,
+        pixels: Vec::with_capacity((edge * edge) as usize * frames.len()),
+    };
+    for frame in frames {
+        let frame = crate::sprites::resample(frame, size, edge);
+        sheet.pixels.extend_from_slice(frame.as_chunks::<4>().0);
+    }
+    let has_transparent = s.has_transparent || sheet.pixels.iter().any(|p| p[3] == 0);
+    let levels = crate::mipmap::generate(
+        sheet,
+        edge.trailing_zeros(),
+        Settings {
+            has_transparent,
+            ..s
+        },
+    );
+    let chains = (0..frames.len())
+        .map(|frame| {
+            let mut chain = Vec::new();
+            for level in &levels {
+                let texels = (level.width * level.width) as usize;
+                chain.extend(
+                    level.pixels[frame * texels..(frame + 1) * texels]
+                        .iter()
+                        .flatten(),
+                );
+            }
+            chain
+        })
+        .collect();
+    (chains, edge)
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -572,6 +621,63 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn kelp_frames_share_the_sheet_mips() {
+        let root = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("../../.local/horizon-client")
+            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION);
+        if !root
+            .join("assets/minecraft/textures/block/kelp.png")
+            .exists()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut sprites = crate::sprites::Sprites::default();
+        for name in ["kelp", "kelp_plant", "seagrass", "tall_seagrass_top"] {
+            sprites
+                .insert(&root, &format!("minecraft:block/{name}"))
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+        sprites.finish();
+        // A level drawn nowhere: no texel passes the cutout's alpha test.
+        let blank = |chain: &[u8], edge: u32| {
+            let mut start = 0;
+            let mut level = edge;
+            let mut blank = Vec::new();
+            while level > 0 {
+                let bytes = (level * level * 4) as usize;
+                let texels = &chain[start..start + bytes];
+                blank.push(texels.as_chunks::<4>().0.iter().all(|p| p[3] < 128));
+                start += bytes;
+                level >>= 1;
+            }
+            blank
+        };
+        let mut blinked = 0;
+        for animation in &sprites.animations {
+            let size = sprites.size;
+            let pixels: Vec<_> = (0..animation.frame_count())
+                .map(|f| animation.pixels(f))
+                .collect();
+            let (chains, edge) = source_chains(&pixels, size, &sprites.mips, animation.layer);
+            for (frame, chain) in chains.iter().enumerate() {
+                // The 1x1 level has no texel square to measure coverage on
+                // (vanilla leaves it unscaled); every larger level shows.
+                let levels = blank(chain, edge);
+                assert!(
+                    !levels[..levels.len() - 1].contains(&true),
+                    "layer {} frame {frame}: {levels:?}",
+                    animation.layer
+                );
+                let (alone, _) = source_chain(pixels[frame], size, &sprites.mips, animation.layer);
+                let alone = blank(&alone, edge);
+                blinked += usize::from(alone[..alone.len() - 1].contains(&true));
+            }
+        }
+        // Mipmapped frame by frame, some kelp frames vanished at the 2x2 level.
+        assert!(blinked > 0);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn rounding_matches_f32_mix_but_for_exact_halves() {
        // The CPU blend this replaced: f32 mix, then rounded. They differ
@@ -730,8 +836,11 @@ mod tests {
            queue.submit([encoder.finish()]);
            for animation in &animations {
                let blend = animation.blend(tick);
-                let chain = |f| source_chain(animation.pixels(f), size, &mips, animation.layer);
-                let ((current, edge), (next, _)) = (chain(blend.frame), chain(blend.next));
+                let pixels: Vec<_> = (0..animation.frame_count())
+                    .map(|f| animation.pixels(f))
+                    .collect();
+                let (chains, edge) = source_chains(&pixels, size, &mips, animation.layer);
+                let (current, next) = (&chains[blend.frame], &chains[blend.next]);
                let layers = read_back(
                    &device,
                    &queue,
@@ -739,7 +848,7 @@ mod tests {
                );
                assert_eq!(
                    layers[(animation.layer % split) as usize],
-                    reference(&current, &next, blend.millis, edge, size),
+                    reference(current, next, blend.millis, edge, size),
                    "layer {} at tick {tick}",
                    animation.layer
                );
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 use super::Vertex;

 /// Entity materials by a quad's overlay (`Vertex::layer`), in draw order:
-/// ordinary entities, breaking cracks (11), translucent breaking cracks (12),
-/// the boat water mask (13, `RenderPipelines.WATER_MASK`), energy swirls
-/// (34, `RenderPipelines.ENERGY_SWIRL`), entity shadows (14,
+/// ordinary entities, world text drawn with a depth bias (35,
+/// `RenderPipelines.TEXT_POLYGON_OFFSET`), breaking cracks (11), translucent
+/// breaking cracks (12), the boat water mask (13, `RenderPipelines.WATER_MASK`),
+/// energy swirls (34, `RenderPipelines.ENERGY_SWIRL`), entity shadows (14,
 /// `RenderPipelines.ENTITY_SHADOW`), translucent-layer particles (15, drawn
 /// after translucent terrain: `SubmitNodeCollection.submitQuadParticleGroup`)
 /// and translucent item quads (32, drawn without depth writes).
-const MATERIALS: usize = 8;
+const MATERIALS: usize = 9;
 /// The overlay of depth-only quads that hide water (`RenderTypes.waterMask`).
 pub const WATER_MASK_OVERLAY: u32 = 13;
 /// The overlay of energy swirl quads (`RenderTypes.energySwirl`: the charged creeper's and the
@@ -24,17 +25,21 @@ pub const TRANSLUCENT_PARTICLE_OVERLAY: u32 = 15;
 pub const TRANSLUCENT_ITEM_OVERLAY: u32 = 32;
 /// A translucent item with an enchantment glint.
 pub const TRANSLUCENT_GLINT_ITEM_OVERLAY: u32 = 33;
+/// The overlay of text in `Font.DisplayMode.POLYGON_OFFSET` (text displays):
+/// drawn like an ordinary entity, pulled toward the camera.
+pub const TEXT_POLYGON_OFFSET_OVERLAY: u32 = 35;

 /// The material of a quad by its overlay (`MATERIALS` order).
 fn material(layer: u32) -> usize {
    match layer {
-        11 => 1,
-        12 => 2,
-        WATER_MASK_OVERLAY => 3,
-        ENERGY_SWIRL_OVERLAY => 4,
-        SHADOW_OVERLAY => 5,
-        TRANSLUCENT_PARTICLE_OVERLAY => 6,
-        TRANSLUCENT_ITEM_OVERLAY | TRANSLUCENT_GLINT_ITEM_OVERLAY => 7,
+        TEXT_POLYGON_OFFSET_OVERLAY => 1,
+        11 => 2,
+        12 => 3,
+        WATER_MASK_OVERLAY => 4,
+        ENERGY_SWIRL_OVERLAY => 5,
+        SHADOW_OVERLAY => 6,
+        TRANSLUCENT_PARTICLE_OVERLAY => 7,
+        TRANSLUCENT_ITEM_OVERLAY | TRANSLUCENT_GLINT_ITEM_OVERLAY => 8,
        _ => 0,
    }
 }
@@ -102,9 +107,10 @@ mod tests {
    ) -> (Vec<Vertex>, [u32; MATERIALS]) {
        let mut combined = Vec::with_capacity(entities.len() + additive.len() + hand.len());
        let mut counts = [0; MATERIALS];
-        for (i, layer) in [0, 11, 12, 13, 34, 14, 15].into_iter().enumerate() {
+        for (i, layer) in [0, 35, 11, 12, 13, 34, 14, 15].into_iter().enumerate() {
            for quad in entities.as_chunks::<4>().0 {
                let material = match quad[0].layer {
+                    35 => 35,
                    11 => 11,
                    12 => 12,
                    13 => 13,
@@ -130,7 +136,7 @@ mod tests {
                pos: [index as f32, 2.0, 3.0],
                uv: [index as f32, 5.0],
                layer: if mixed {
-                    [7, 11, 14, 12, 4, 13, 15, 0][index / 4 % 8]
+                    [7, 11, 14, 35, 12, 4, 13, 15, 0][index / 4 % 9]
                } else {
                    0
                },
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ pub enum Output {
 }

 impl Output {
+    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Pq => "HDR10 (PQ)",
+            Self::ScRgb => "scRGB",
+        }
+    }
    pub fn format(self) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
        match self {
            Self::Pq => wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm,
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+//! The sunrise/sunset fan (`SkyRenderer.renderSunriseAndSunset`) as the sky
+//! shader tests it. The fan's 16 triangles depend only on the sunrise alpha
+//! and the horizon the sun is on, so their vertices are built here once a
+//! frame instead of in every sky pixel (#3143: with the per-pixel build, four
+//! `sin`/`cos` per triangle, the sky pass took 10.2 ms at dawn at 1080p on an
+//! Intel UHD 730 against 0.6 ms by day; now 1.8 ms).
+//!
+//! Möller-Trumbore from the camera reduces to triple products: with apex A
+//! and rim vertices r0, r1, a ray d hits at barycentrics proportional to
+//! (`[d, r0, r1]`, `[A, d, r1]`, `[A, r0, d]`), each a dot of d with a
+//! constant normal, and their sum S is the negated determinant. A hit needs
+//! S on the side of `[A, r0, r1]`, so only the triangles whose rim normals'
+//! dots change sign there are tested in full.
+use glam::Vec3;
+
+pub const TRIANGLES: usize = 16;
+
+/// Per triangle: xyz `r0 × r1` (its dot with a ray is the apex's weight
+/// times S), w `[A, r0, r1]` (its sign is S's where the hit lies ahead).
+/// Then per rim vertex: xyz `r × A`.
+pub fn normals(alpha: f32, sun: Vec3) -> [[f32; 4]; 2 * TRIANGLES] {
+    let (apex, rim) = vertices(alpha, sun);
+    let mut out = [[0.0; 4]; 2 * TRIANGLES];
+    for i in 0..TRIANGLES {
+        let (r0, r1) = (rim[i], rim[(i + 1) % TRIANGLES]);
+        out[i] = r0.cross(r1).extend(apex.dot(r0.cross(r1))).to_array();
+        out[TRIANGLES + i] = r0.cross(apex).extend(0.0).to_array();
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// The fan's apex and rim in camera space, as vanilla builds them: the
+/// fan turned to the horizon the sun sets on (or rises from), its rim
+/// tilted by the alpha.
+fn vertices(alpha: f32, sun: Vec3) -> (Vec3, [Vec3; TRIANGLES]) {
+    // sin(sunAngle) < 0 flips the fan to the other horizon; sun.z = -sin(sunAngle).
+    let flip = if -sun.z < 0.0 { 180f32 } else { 0.0 };
+    let (s, c) = (flip + 90.0).to_radians().sin_cos();
+    let rotate_x90 = |v: Vec3| Vec3::new(v.x, -v.z, v.y);
+    let apex = rotate_x90(Vec3::new(-100.0 * s, 100.0 * c, 0.0));
+    let rim = std::array::from_fn(|i| {
+        let a = i as f32 * std::f32::consts::TAU / TRIANGLES as f32;
+        let l = Vec3::new(a.sin() * 120.0, a.cos() * 120.0, -a.cos() * 40.0 * alpha);
+        rotate_x90(Vec3::new(l.x * c - l.y * s, l.x * s + l.y * c, l.z))
+    });
+    (apex, rim)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// terrain.wgsl's `sunrise_weight` over the normals.
+    fn weight(normals: &[[f32; 4]; 2 * TRIANGLES], d: Vec3) -> f32 {
+        let n = |i: usize| Vec3::from_slice(&normals[i][..3]);
+        let mut best = 0.0f32;
+        let mut k0 = d.dot(n(TRIANGLES));
+        for i in 0..TRIANGLES {
+            let k1 = d.dot(n(TRIANGLES + (i + 1) % TRIANGLES));
+            let w = normals[i][3];
+            if k0 * w <= 0.0 && k1 * w >= 0.0 {
+                let apex = d.dot(n(i));
+                let s = apex + k1 - k0;
+                if s.abs() >= 1e-6
+                    && s * w > 0.0
+                    && apex * s >= 0.0
+                    && k1 * s >= 0.0
+                    && k0 * s <= 0.0
+                {
+                    best = best.max(apex / s);
+                }
+            }
+            k0 = k1;
+        }
+        best
+    }
+
+    /// The shader's former per-pixel Möller-Trumbore over the same vertices.
+    fn reference(alpha: f32, sun: Vec3, d: Vec3) -> f32 {
+        let (apex, rim) = vertices(alpha, sun);
+        let mut best = 0.0f32;
+        for i in 0..TRIANGLES {
+            let e1 = rim[i] - apex;
+            let e2 = rim[(i + 1) % TRIANGLES] - apex;
+            let pv = d.cross(e2);
+            let det = e1.dot(pv);
+            if det.abs() < 1e-6 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let tv = -apex;
+            let u = tv.dot(pv) / det;
+            let qv = tv.cross(e1);
+            let v = d.dot(qv) / det;
+            let t = e2.dot(qv) / det;
+            if u >= 0.0 && v >= 0.0 && u + v <= 1.0 && t > 0.0 {
+                best = best.max(1.0 - u - v);
+            }
+        }
+        best
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn normals_weigh_every_ray_as_the_per_pixel_fan_did() {
+        let mut hits = 0;
+        for (alpha, sun_z) in [(1.0f32, -0.2f32), (0.6, 0.3), (0.05, -0.9), (0.9, 0.05)] {
+            let sun = Vec3::new(0.0, (1.0 - sun_z * sun_z).sqrt(), sun_z);
+            let normals = normals(alpha, sun);
+            for yaw in 0..180 {
+                for pitch in -45..=45 {
+                    let (yaw, pitch) = (
+                        (yaw as f32 * 2.0).to_radians(),
+                        (pitch as f32 * 2.0).to_radians(),
+                    );
+                    let d = Vec3::new(
+                        yaw.cos() * pitch.cos(),
+                        pitch.sin(),
+                        yaw.sin() * pitch.cos(),
+                    );
+                    let (got, want) = (weight(&normals, d), reference(alpha, sun, d));
+                    assert!(
+                        (got - want).abs() < 1e-4,
+                        "{alpha} {sun_z} {d}: {got} vs {want}"
+                    );
+                    hits += usize::from(want > 0.0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // The fan covers part of the sky, not none of it.
+        assert!(hits > 1000, "{hits}");
+    }
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,44 @@
-//! Resolution scale and FXAA (Horizon settings): the world renders into its
+//! Resolution scale, FXAA and TAA (Horizon settings): the world renders into its
 //! own target at the scaled size, then one full-screen pass copies or
-//! anti-aliases it onto the screen, under the hand and HUD. With neither on,
+//! anti-aliases it onto the screen, under the hand and HUD. With none on,
 //! the world renders straight to the screen.
+//!
+//! TAA jitters the world's projection by a sub-pixel offset each frame and blends
+//! the frame into a history reprojected through the depth buffer: its motion
+//! vectors are the camera's, so what moves on its own leans on the neighbourhood
+//! clamp alone.
+
+use glam::{DMat4, DVec3, Mat4, Vec2};
+
+/// The TAA history format: 8 bits would band as frames accumulate.
+const HISTORY_FORMAT: wgpu::TextureFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba16Float;

 struct WorldTarget {
    size: [u32; 2],
    color: wgpu::TextureView,
    depth: wgpu::TextureView,
    group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+    taa: Option<History>,
+}
+
+/// TAA's two history textures at the output size (the world's, times the upscale), written
+/// in turn: `resolve[i]` writes `history[i]` from the world and `history[1 - i]`; `show[i]`
+/// copies `history[i]` to the screen.
+struct History {
+    size: [u32; 2],
+    history: [wgpu::TextureView; 2],
+    resolve: [wgpu::BindGroup; 2],
+    show: [wgpu::BindGroup; 2],
+}
+
+/// `world_post.wgsl`'s `Taa`.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+struct TaaUniform {
+    /// This frame's unjittered clip space to the previous frame's.
+    reproject: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+    /// xy: this frame's jitter in clip space; z: 1 when the history is unusable.
+    jitter: [f32; 4],
 }

 pub struct Post {
@@ -19,7 +50,21 @@ pub struct Post {
    /// World resolution relative to the window (0.5..=2.0).
    pub scale: f32,
    pub antialias: bool,
+    pub taa: bool,
+    /// Output pixels per rendered pixel while TAA is on (1: native): the world renders
+    /// this much smaller and TAA rebuilds it at the resolution scale's size.
+    pub upscale: f32,
+    /// TAA runs this frame (`jitter`): not on the title screen or under a shader pack.
+    taa_on: bool,
    target: Option<WorldTarget>,
+    taa_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    taa_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    taa_uniform: wgpu::Buffer,
+    /// Frames jittered so far (the Halton index), and which history the next resolve writes.
+    taa_frame: u32,
+    /// The last TAA frame's unjittered `view_proj` and camera, `None` once a frame ran without it.
+    taa_previous: Option<(DMat4, DVec3)>,
+    taa_this_frame: TaaUniform,
 }

 impl Post {
@@ -49,15 +94,55 @@ impl Post {
                },
            ],
        });
+        let texture = |binding, sample_type| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+            binding,
+            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                sample_type,
+                view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                multisampled: false,
+            },
+            count: None,
+        };
+        let float = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true };
+        let taa_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Horizon TAA bindings"),
+            entries: &[
+                texture(0, float),
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                texture(2, float),
+                texture(3, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth),
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 4,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                        min_binding_size: None,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+            ],
+        });
        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
            label: Some("Horizon post"),
            bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&layout)],
            ..Default::default()
        });
-        let pipeline = |entry: &str| {
+        let taa_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Horizon TAA"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&taa_layout)],
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        let pipeline = |entry: &str, layout: &wgpu::PipelineLayout, format| {
            device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
                label: Some("Horizon post"),
-                layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+                layout: Some(layout),
                vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
                    module: &shader,
                    entry_point: Some("vs_post"),
@@ -88,41 +173,102 @@ impl Post {
            ..Default::default()
        });
        Self {
-            copy: pipeline("fs_copy"),
-            fxaa: pipeline("fs_fxaa"),
+            copy: pipeline("fs_copy", &pipeline_layout, format),
+            fxaa: pipeline("fs_fxaa", &pipeline_layout, format),
+            taa_pipeline: pipeline("fs_taa", &taa_pipeline_layout, HISTORY_FORMAT),
+            taa_uniform: device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Horizon TAA"),
+                size: std::mem::size_of::<TaaUniform>() as u64,
+                usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+                mapped_at_creation: false,
+            }),
            layout,
+            taa_layout,
            sampler,
            format,
            scale: 1.0,
            antialias: false,
+            taa: false,
+            upscale: 1.0,
+            taa_on: false,
            target: None,
+            taa_frame: 0,
+            taa_previous: None,
+            taa_this_frame: bytemuck::Zeroable::zeroed(),
        }
    }

+    /// The world's rendered size and the size it is shown at (TAA's history).
+    fn sizes(&self, window: [u32; 2]) -> ([u32; 2], [u32; 2]) {
+        let output = window.map(|v| ((v as f32 * self.scale).round() as u32).clamp(1, 8192));
+        let upscale = if self.taa_on { self.upscale } else { 1.0 };
+        (
+            output.map(|v| ((v as f32 / upscale).round() as u32).max(1)),
+            output,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// TAA's sub-pixel jitter this frame, as a clip-space matrix to multiply into the
+    /// world's projection (identity while `on` is false); `view_proj` is the unjittered
+    /// projection, relative to `camera`. Call it before `prepare`, once per frame.
+    pub fn jitter(&mut self, window: [u32; 2], on: bool, view_proj: Mat4, camera: DVec3) -> Mat4 {
+        self.taa_on = on && self.taa;
+        if !self.taa_on {
+            self.taa_previous = None;
+            return Mat4::IDENTITY;
+        }
+        self.taa_frame = self.taa_frame.wrapping_add(1);
+        let (size, _) = self.sizes(window);
+        // Halton (2, 3) over 8 frames per output pixel (FSR's count), in rendered
+        // pixels around the centre.
+        let phases = (8.0 * self.upscale * self.upscale).ceil() as u32;
+        let i = self.taa_frame % phases + 1;
+        let offset = Vec2::new(halton(i, 2), halton(i, 3)) - 0.5;
+        let jitter = offset * 2.0 / Vec2::new(size[0] as f32, size[1] as f32);
+        let current = view_proj.as_dmat4();
+        let (reproject, reset) = match self.taa_previous {
+            Some((previous, previous_camera)) => (
+                reprojection(previous, previous_camera, current, camera),
+                0.0,
+            ),
+            None => (DMat4::IDENTITY, 1.0),
+        };
+        self.taa_previous = Some((current, camera));
+        self.taa_this_frame = TaaUniform {
+            reproject: reproject.as_mat4().to_cols_array_2d(),
+            jitter: [jitter.x, jitter.y, reset, 0.0],
+        };
+        Mat4::from_translation(jitter.extend(0.0))
+    }
+
    /// The world's colour and depth targets this frame, or `None` to draw
    /// it straight to the screen.
-    /// `always`: a target even at scale 1 without FXAA (a shader pack reads it).
+    /// `always`: a target even at scale 1 without anti-aliasing (a shader pack reads it).
    pub fn prepare(
        &mut self,
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        window: [u32; 2],
        always: bool,
    ) -> Option<(wgpu::TextureView, wgpu::TextureView)> {
-        if self.scale == 1.0 && !self.antialias && !always {
+        if self.scale == 1.0 && !self.antialias && !self.taa_on && !always {
            self.target = None;
            return None;
        }
-        let size = window.map(|v| ((v as f32 * self.scale).round() as u32).clamp(1, 8192));
-        if self.target.as_ref().is_none_or(|t| t.size != size) {
-            let extent = wgpu::Extent3d {
-                width: size[0],
-                height: size[1],
-                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-            };
-            let make_tex = |label, format, usage| {
+        let (size, output) = self.sizes(window);
+        let history_size = self.taa_on.then_some(output);
+        if self
+            .target
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_none_or(|t| t.size != size || t.taa.as_ref().map(|h| h.size) != history_size)
+        {
+            let make_tex = |label, size: [u32; 2], format, usage| {
                device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
                    label: Some(label),
-                    size: extent,
+                    size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                        width: size[0],
+                        height: size[1],
+                        depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                    },
                    mip_level_count: 1,
                    sample_count: 1,
                    dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
@@ -131,25 +277,68 @@ impl Post {
                    view_formats: &[],
                })
            };
-            let color = make_tex(
-                "Scaled world",
-                self.format,
-                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-            )
-            .create_view(&Default::default());
-            // TEXTURE_BINDING: occlusion culling reads it.
+            let sampled =
+                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING;
+            let color = make_tex("Scaled world", size, self.format, sampled)
+                .create_view(&Default::default());
+            // TEXTURE_BINDING: occlusion culling and TAA read it.
            let depth = make_tex(
                "Scaled world depth",
+                size,
                wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
+                sampled,
            )
            .create_view(&Default::default());
            let group = self.bind(device, &color);
+            let taa = history_size.map(|output| {
+                let history = [0, 1].map(|_| {
+                    make_tex("TAA history", output, HISTORY_FORMAT, sampled)
+                        .create_view(&Default::default())
+                });
+                let resolve = [0, 1].map(|i| {
+                    device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                        label: Some("Horizon TAA"),
+                        layout: &self.taa_layout,
+                        entries: &[
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 0,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&color),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 1,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.sampler),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 2,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&history[1 - i]),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 3,
+                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&depth),
+                            },
+                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                                binding: 4,
+                                resource: self.taa_uniform.as_entire_binding(),
+                            },
+                        ],
+                    })
+                });
+                let show = [0, 1].map(|i| self.bind(device, &history[i]));
+                History {
+                    size: output,
+                    history,
+                    resolve,
+                    show,
+                }
+            });
+            // New textures: no history yet.
+            self.taa_this_frame.jitter[2] = 1.0;
            self.target = Some(WorldTarget {
                size,
                color,
                depth,
                group,
+                taa,
            });
        }
        self.target
@@ -180,10 +369,43 @@ impl Post {
        })
    }

-    /// Draw the scaled world onto `screen`.
-    pub fn finish(&self, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder, screen: &wgpu::TextureView) {
+    /// Draw the scaled world onto `screen`, through TAA when this frame's `jitter` had it on.
+    pub fn finish(
+        &self,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        screen: &wgpu::TextureView,
+    ) {
        let Some(target) = &self.target else { return };
-        self.finish_with(encoder, screen, &target.group);
+        let Some(taa) = target.taa.as_ref().filter(|_| self.taa_previous.is_some()) else {
+            self.finish_with(encoder, screen, &target.group);
+            return;
+        };
+        let i = (self.taa_frame % 2) as usize;
+        queue.write_buffer(
+            &self.taa_uniform,
+            0,
+            bytemuck::bytes_of(&self.taa_this_frame),
+        );
+        let attachments = [Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+            view: &taa.history[i],
+            resolve_target: None,
+            depth_slice: None,
+            ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::BLACK),
+                store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+            },
+        })];
+        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Horizon TAA"),
+            color_attachments: &attachments,
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        pass.set_pipeline(&self.taa_pipeline);
+        pass.set_bind_group(0, &taa.resolve[i], &[]);
+        pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
+        drop(pass);
+        self.finish_with(encoder, screen, &taa.show[i]);
    }

    /// Draw what `group` binds (`bind`) onto `screen`.
@@ -216,3 +438,51 @@ impl Post {
        pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
    }
 }
+
+/// This frame's clip space to the previous frame's, for camera-relative projections:
+/// a point `camera - previous_camera` further from the previous camera than from this one.
+fn reprojection(previous: DMat4, previous_camera: DVec3, current: DMat4, camera: DVec3) -> DMat4 {
+    previous * DMat4::from_translation(camera - previous_camera) * current.inverse()
+}
+
+/// The radical inverse of `i` in `base`: a low-discrepancy sequence in 0..1.
+fn halton(mut i: u32, base: u32) -> f32 {
+    let (mut f, mut r) = (1.0, 0.0);
+    while i > 0 {
+        f /= base as f32;
+        r += f * (i % base) as f32;
+        i /= base;
+    }
+    r
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reprojection_finds_where_a_block_was_last_frame() {
+        let projection = DMat4::perspective_rh(1.2, 16.0 / 9.0, 1024.0, 0.05);
+        let previous = projection * DMat4::from_rotation_y(0.3);
+        let current = projection * DMat4::from_rotation_y(0.35);
+        let (previous_camera, camera) = (DVec3::new(10.0, 64.0, 5.0), DVec3::new(10.5, 64.2, 4.0));
+        let block = DVec3::new(14.0, 66.0, -8.0);
+        let clip = |m: DMat4, eye: DVec3| m * (block - eye).extend(1.0);
+        let now = clip(current, camera);
+        let then = reprojection(previous, previous_camera, current, camera) * (now / now.w);
+        let expected = clip(previous, previous_camera);
+        assert!((then.truncate() / then.w - expected.truncate() / expected.w).length() < 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn jitter_stays_inside_the_pixel() {
+        for i in 1..=8 {
+            let (x, y) = (halton(i, 2), halton(i, 3));
+            assert!((0.0..1.0).contains(&x) && (0.0..1.0).contains(&y));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            [halton(1, 2), halton(2, 2), halton(3, 2)],
+            [0.5, 0.25, 0.75]
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ impl PresentMode {
    }
 }

-/// The graphics API the renderer runs on. Only Windows has a choice: the
-/// other systems always use their one backend (Vulkan on Linux, Metal on
-/// macOS). Applies at the next start.
+/// The graphics API the renderer runs on. Windows picks Vulkan, DirectX 12 or
+/// OpenGL; Linux picks Vulkan or OpenGL; macOS always uses its one backend
+/// (Metal). Applies at the next start.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 pub enum GraphicsApi {
    /// Vulkan, then DirectX 12 (Windows), then OpenGL when neither has a surface, adapter or device.
@@ -116,6 +116,26 @@ impl GraphicsApi {
        GraphicsApi::Dx12,
        GraphicsApi::OpenGl,
    ];
+    /// The APIs this system offers, in the order the setting cycles through
+    /// them: DirectX 12 is Windows' third backend, and macOS has no choice.
+    pub fn choices() -> &'static [GraphicsApi] {
+        const WINDOWS: [GraphicsApi; 4] = [
+            GraphicsApi::Auto,
+            GraphicsApi::Vulkan,
+            GraphicsApi::Dx12,
+            GraphicsApi::OpenGl,
+        ];
+        const LINUX: [GraphicsApi; 3] =
+            [GraphicsApi::Auto, GraphicsApi::Vulkan, GraphicsApi::OpenGl];
+        const MACOS: [GraphicsApi; 1] = [GraphicsApi::Auto];
+        if cfg!(windows) {
+            &WINDOWS
+        } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+            &MACOS
+        } else {
+            &LINUX
+        }
+    }
    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            GraphicsApi::Auto => "auto",
@@ -200,6 +220,61 @@ impl FarDetail {
    }
 }

+/// TAA upscaling: the world renders this much smaller than the resolution scale's size,
+/// and TAA builds the full-size picture from the jittered frames (FSR's and DLSS's ratios).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub enum Upscaling {
+    #[default]
+    Native,
+    Quality,
+    Balanced,
+    Performance,
+    UltraPerformance,
+}
+impl Upscaling {
+    pub const ALL: [Upscaling; 5] = [
+        Upscaling::Native,
+        Upscaling::Quality,
+        Upscaling::Balanced,
+        Upscaling::Performance,
+        Upscaling::UltraPerformance,
+    ];
+    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Upscaling::Native => "native",
+            Upscaling::Quality => "quality",
+            Upscaling::Balanced => "balanced",
+            Upscaling::Performance => "performance",
+            Upscaling::UltraPerformance => "ultraPerformance",
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Upscaling::Native => "Native",
+            Upscaling::Quality => "Quality",
+            Upscaling::Balanced => "Balanced",
+            Upscaling::Performance => "Performance",
+            Upscaling::UltraPerformance => "Ultra Performance",
+        }
+    }
+    /// Output pixels per rendered pixel, along each axis.
+    pub fn ratio(self) -> f32 {
+        match self {
+            Upscaling::Native => 1.0,
+            Upscaling::Quality => 1.5,
+            Upscaling::Balanced => 1.7,
+            Upscaling::Performance => 2.0,
+            Upscaling::UltraPerformance => 3.0,
+        }
+    }
+    fn parse(s: &str) -> Self {
+        Self::ALL
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|u| u.name() == s)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+}
+
 static REDUCED_SUGGESTED: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool = std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
 /// Whether the settings suggest Reduced far detail: set when the renderer
 /// starts, on the GPUs `lod_capped` names (far terrain slows them most).
@@ -262,6 +337,10 @@ pub struct Graphics {
    pub resolution_scale: u32,
    /// FXAA over the world.
    pub fxaa: bool,
+    /// TAA over the world (FXAA is off while it is on).
+    pub taa: bool,
+    /// TAA upscaling; anything but `Native` comes with `taa` on.
+    pub upscaling: Upscaling,
    /// HDR output (HDR10, or scRGB), where the display path offers it.
    pub hdr: bool,
    /// HDR paper white (where SDR white sits), in nits.
@@ -299,6 +378,8 @@ impl Default for Graphics {
            overlay: Overlay::Off,
            resolution_scale: 100,
            fxaa: false,
+            taa: false,
+            upscaling: Upscaling::Native,
            hdr: false,
            hdr_paper_white: 200,
            hdr_peak: 1000,
@@ -361,6 +442,8 @@ impl Graphics {
                "workers" => g.workers = number(g.workers).min(64),
                "resolutionScale" => g.resolution_scale = number(g.resolution_scale).clamp(50, 200),
                "fxaa" => g.fxaa = flag(g.fxaa),
+                "taa" => g.taa = flag(g.taa),
+                "upscaling" => g.upscaling = Upscaling::parse(value),
                "hdr" => g.hdr = flag(g.hdr),
                "hdrPaperWhite" => g.hdr_paper_white = number(g.hdr_paper_white).clamp(80, 480),
                "hdrPeak" => g.hdr_peak = number(g.hdr_peak).clamp(200, 2000),
@@ -381,7 +464,7 @@ impl Graphics {
    }
    pub fn serialize(&self) -> String {
        format!(
-            "preset:{}\nlodDistance:{}\nfarDetail:{}\ncaveCulling:{}\nentityCulling:{}\nchunkUpdates:{}\nuploadBudgetKiB:{}\nsky:{}\nfog:{}\nweather:{}\nanimatedTextures:{}\npresentMode:{}\nframePacing:{}\nworkers:{}\noverlay:{}\nresolutionScale:{}\nfxaa:{}\nhdr:{}\nhdrPaperWhite:{}\nhdrPeak:{}\nbatteryMode:{}\ngraphicsApi:{}\npickedShaderPack:{}\n",
+            "preset:{}\nlodDistance:{}\nfarDetail:{}\ncaveCulling:{}\nentityCulling:{}\nchunkUpdates:{}\nuploadBudgetKiB:{}\nsky:{}\nfog:{}\nweather:{}\nanimatedTextures:{}\npresentMode:{}\nframePacing:{}\nworkers:{}\noverlay:{}\nresolutionScale:{}\nfxaa:{}\ntaa:{}\nupscaling:{}\nhdr:{}\nhdrPaperWhite:{}\nhdrPeak:{}\nbatteryMode:{}\ngraphicsApi:{}\npickedShaderPack:{}\n",
            self.preset.name(),
            self.lod_distance,
            self.far_detail.name(),
@@ -406,6 +489,8 @@ impl Graphics {
            },
            self.resolution_scale,
            bool_text(self.fxaa),
+            bool_text(self.taa),
+            self.upscaling.name(),
            bool_text(self.hdr),
            self.hdr_paper_white,
            self.hdr_peak,
@@ -486,6 +571,21 @@ pub fn apply_preset(preset: Preset, s: &mut crate::settings::Settings) {
 mod tests {
    use super::*;

+    #[test]
+    fn the_api_choice_matches_the_system() {
+        let choices = GraphicsApi::choices();
+        if cfg!(windows) {
+            assert_eq!(choices, GraphicsApi::ALL);
+        } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+            assert_eq!(choices, [GraphicsApi::Auto]);
+        } else {
+            assert_eq!(
+                choices,
+                [GraphicsApi::Auto, GraphicsApi::Vulkan, GraphicsApi::OpenGl]
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn round_trips() {
        let g = Graphics {
@@ -506,6 +606,8 @@ mod tests {
            overlay: Overlay::Graph,
            resolution_scale: 75,
            fxaa: true,
+            taa: true,
+            upscaling: Upscaling::Balanced,
            hdr: true,
            hdr_paper_white: 240,
            hdr_peak: 1400,
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //! they show, in what groups, with what description and cost, and their
 //! input. How they look comes from `graphics_style`.
 use crate::{
-    graphics::{FarDetail, GraphicsApi, Overlay, Pacing, PresentMode, Preset},
+    graphics::{FarDetail, GraphicsApi, Overlay, Pacing, PresentMode, Preset, Upscaling},
    graphics_style::{Cost, STYLE},
    hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
    settings::{Opt, Settings},
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub enum H {
    Overlay,
    ResolutionScale,
    Antialiasing,
+    Upscaling,
    Hdr,
    HdrPaperWhite,
    HdrPeak,
@@ -221,7 +222,12 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
            h(
                H::Antialiasing,
                Medium,
-                "FXAA smooths jagged edges of the world; slightly softer image.",
+                "Smooths jagged edges. FXAA: softer. TAA: smoothest, moving things may trail.",
+            ),
+            h(
+                H::Upscaling,
+                High,
+                "Renders the world smaller and rebuilds it with TAA. Faster, softer.",
            ),
            h(
                H::Hdr,
@@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
            h(
                H::GraphicsApi,
                None,
-                "Vulkan, or DirectX 12 where Vulkan fails. Next start.",
+                "Vulkan, then DirectX 12 (Windows) or OpenGL (Linux) where it fails. Next start.",
            ),
            h(
                H::UploadBudget,
@@ -291,8 +297,8 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
            ),
        ],
    };
-    // Only Windows has more than one graphics API.
-    if !cfg!(windows) {
+    // Only Windows and Linux have more than one graphics API.
+    if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
        rows.retain(
            |row| !matches!(row, Row::Setting(s) if s.item == Item::Horizon(H::GraphicsApi)),
        );
@@ -303,9 +309,13 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
 const UPLOAD_STEPS: [u32; 8] = [0, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384];

 /// Horizon's graphics screens supplement the vanilla options on Video Settings.
-fn extra_rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
+/// Upscaling is only there while TAA is, which does it.
+fn extra_rows(level: Level, settings: &Settings) -> Vec<Row> {
    let mut rows = rows(level);
    rows.retain(|row| !matches!(row, Row::Setting(s) if matches!(s.item, Item::Vanilla(_))));
+    if !settings.horizon.taa {
+        rows.retain(|row| !matches!(row, Row::Setting(s) if s.item == Item::Horizon(H::Upscaling)));
+    }
    // Drop headings whose settings were all on the parent screens.
    let mut has_setting = false;
    rows.reverse();
@@ -383,7 +393,15 @@ impl H {
                n => labelled("Worker Threads", n),
            },
            H::ResolutionScale => labelled("Resolution Scale", format!("{}%", g.resolution_scale)),
-            H::Antialiasing => labelled("Anti-aliasing", if g.fxaa { "FXAA" } else { "Off" }),
+            H::Antialiasing => labelled(
+                "Anti-aliasing",
+                match (g.fxaa, g.taa) {
+                    (_, true) => "TAA",
+                    (true, false) => "FXAA",
+                    (false, false) => "Off",
+                },
+            ),
+            H::Upscaling => labelled("Upscaling", g.upscaling.label()),
            H::Hdr => labelled("HDR", on_off(g.hdr)),
            H::HdrPaperWhite => labelled("Paper White", format!("{} nits", g.hdr_paper_white)),
            H::HdrPeak => labelled("Peak Brightness", format!("{} nits", g.hdr_peak)),
@@ -441,10 +459,25 @@ impl H {
            H::Weather => g.weather = !g.weather,
            H::AnimatedTextures => g.animated_textures = !g.animated_textures,
            H::PresentMode => g.present_mode = step(&PresentMode::ALL, g.present_mode, back),
-            H::Antialiasing => g.fxaa = !g.fxaa,
+            // Off, FXAA, TAA.
+            H::Antialiasing => {
+                let i = if g.taa { 2 } else { usize::from(g.fxaa) };
+                let i = (i + if back { 2 } else { 1 }) % 3;
+                (g.fxaa, g.taa) = (i == 1, i == 2);
+                if !g.taa {
+                    g.upscaling = Upscaling::Native;
+                }
+            }
+            // Upscaling is TAA's: picking a ratio turns it on.
+            H::Upscaling => {
+                g.upscaling = step(&Upscaling::ALL, g.upscaling, back);
+                if g.upscaling != Upscaling::Native {
+                    (g.fxaa, g.taa) = (false, true);
+                }
+            }
            H::Hdr => g.hdr = !g.hdr,
            H::BatteryMode => g.battery = !g.battery,
-            H::GraphicsApi => g.api = step(&GraphicsApi::ALL, g.api, back),
+            H::GraphicsApi => g.api = step(GraphicsApi::choices(), g.api, back),
            H::Pacing => {
                g.pacing = match g.pacing {
                    Pacing::Efficient => Pacing::Precise,
@@ -481,7 +514,6 @@ impl Item {
            Item::Horizon(H::Fog) => g.fog,
            Item::Horizon(H::Weather) => g.weather,
            Item::Horizon(H::AnimatedTextures) => g.animated_textures,
-            Item::Horizon(H::Antialiasing) => g.fxaa,
            Item::Horizon(H::Hdr) => g.hdr,
            Item::Horizon(H::BatteryMode) => g.battery,
            Item::Vanilla(Opt::ViewBobbing) => s.view_bobbing,
@@ -570,6 +602,7 @@ impl Item {
 pub enum Action {
    ButtonClick,
    Changed,
+    SliderDrag,
    OpenAdvanced,
    OpenSimple,
    Done,
@@ -603,8 +636,8 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
    fn bounds(h: f32) -> (f32, f32) {
        (STYLE.band, h - STYLE.band)
    }
-    fn content_height(level: Level) -> f32 {
-        extra_rows(level).iter().fold(4.0, |height, row| {
+    fn content_height(level: Level, s: &Settings) -> f32 {
+        extra_rows(level, s).iter().fold(4.0, |height, row| {
            height
                + match row {
                    Row::Header(_) => STYLE.header_height,
@@ -616,17 +649,18 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
    fn layout(
        &mut self,
        level: Level,
+        s: &Settings,
        w: f32,
        h: f32,
    ) -> (Vec<Widget>, Vec<(f32, &'static str)>, f32) {
-        let content = Self::content_height(level);
+        let content = Self::content_height(level, s);
        self.clamp_scroll(h, content);
        let (top, _) = Self::bounds(h);
        let x = STYLE.row_x(w);
        let mut y = top + 4.0 - self.scroll;
        let mut widgets = Vec::new();
        let mut headers = Vec::new();
-        for row in extra_rows(level) {
+        for row in extra_rows(level, s) {
            match row {
                Row::Header(name) => {
                    headers.push((y, name));
@@ -680,7 +714,7 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
        in_world: bool,
    ) {
        let (w, h) = (batch.width, batch.height);
-        let (widgets, headers, content) = self.layout(level, w, h);
+        let (widgets, headers, content) = self.layout(level, s, w, h);
        let (top, bottom) = Self::bounds(h);
        STYLE.background(batch, atlas, top, bottom, in_world);
        let shown = |y: f32, height: f32| y >= top && y + height <= bottom;
@@ -690,7 +724,7 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
                STYLE.header(batch, atlas, &Text::literal(name), x, y);
            }
        }
-        let descriptions: Vec<(Cost, &'static str)> = extra_rows(level)
+        let descriptions: Vec<(Cost, &'static str)> = extra_rows(level, s)
            .into_iter()
            .filter_map(|r| match r {
                Row::Setting(s) => Some((s.cost, s.text)),
@@ -791,7 +825,7 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
        drag: bool,
        right: bool,
    ) -> Vec<Action> {
-        let (widgets, _, _) = self.layout(level, w, h);
+        let (widgets, _, _) = self.layout(level, s, w, h);
        let (top, bottom) = Self::bounds(h);
        if drag {
            if let Some(item) = self.dragging
@@ -800,7 +834,7 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
                    .find(|wd| matches!(wd.target, Target::Item(i) if i == item))
            {
                item.set_slider(s, ui::slider_value(wd.x, wd.w, x));
-                return vec![Action::Changed];
+                return vec![Action::SliderDrag];
            }
            return Vec::new();
        }
@@ -822,11 +856,11 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
                    if item.slider(s).is_some() {
                        self.dragging = Some(item);
                        item.set_slider(s, ui::slider_value(wd.x, wd.w, x));
+                        vec![Action::SliderDrag]
                    } else {
                        item.cycle(s, right, framebuffer);
-                        return vec![Action::ButtonClick, Action::Changed];
+                        vec![Action::ButtonClick, Action::Changed]
                    }
-                    vec![Action::Changed]
                }
            };
        }
@@ -835,8 +869,8 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
    pub fn release(&mut self) -> bool {
        self.dragging.take().is_some()
    }
-    pub fn scroll(&mut self, level: Level, h: f32, amount: f32) {
-        let content = Self::content_height(level);
+    pub fn scroll(&mut self, level: Level, s: &Settings, h: f32, amount: f32) {
+        let content = Self::content_height(level, s);
        self.clamp_scroll(h, content);
        self.scroll -= amount * 18.0;
        self.clamp_scroll(h, content);
@@ -852,7 +886,7 @@ mod tests {
        let mut s = Settings::default();
        let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
        let size = (480.0, 320.0);
-        let (widgets, _, _) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, size.0, size.1);
+        let (widgets, _, _) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, &s, size.0, size.1);
        let button = widgets
            .iter()
            .find(|w| matches!(w.target, Target::Button(_)))
@@ -897,7 +931,7 @@ mod tests {
                false,
                false
            ),
-            vec![Action::Changed]
+            vec![Action::SliderDrag]
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ui.click(
@@ -909,7 +943,7 @@ mod tests {
                true,
                false
            ),
-            vec![Action::Changed]
+            vec![Action::SliderDrag]
        );
        assert!(ui.release());
        assert!(!ui.release());
@@ -917,45 +951,47 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn scrolling_stops_at_both_limits_before_layout() {
+        let s = Settings::default();
        for level in [Level::Simple, Level::Advanced] {
            let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
            let h = 2.0 * STYLE.band + 10.0;
            let (top, bottom) = GraphicsUi::bounds(h);
-            let max = GraphicsUi::content_height(level) - (bottom - top);
+            let max = GraphicsUi::content_height(level, &s) - (bottom - top);
            assert!(max > 4.5);
            for _ in 0..3 {
-                ui.scroll(level, h, 1000.0);
+                ui.scroll(level, &s, h, 1000.0);
                assert_eq!(ui.scroll, 0.0);
            }
            for _ in 0..3 {
-                ui.scroll(level, h, -1000.0);
+                ui.scroll(level, &s, h, -1000.0);
                assert_eq!(ui.scroll, max);
            }
-            ui.scroll(level, h, 0.25);
+            ui.scroll(level, &s, h, 0.25);
            assert_eq!(ui.scroll, max - 4.5);
-            ui.scroll(level, h, 1000.0);
-            ui.scroll(level, h, -0.25);
+            ui.scroll(level, &s, h, 1000.0);
+            ui.scroll(level, &s, h, -0.25);
            assert_eq!(ui.scroll, 4.5);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn resizing_clamps_before_positioning_graphics_rows() {
+        let s = Settings::default();
        for level in [Level::Simple, Level::Advanced] {
            let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
-            ui.scroll(level, 2.0 * STYLE.band + 10.0, -1000.0);
+            ui.scroll(level, &s, 2.0 * STYLE.band + 10.0, -1000.0);
            assert!(ui.scroll > 0.0);
-            let (widgets, headers, _) = ui.layout(level, 480.0, 4000.0);
+            let (widgets, headers, _) = ui.layout(level, &s, 480.0, 4000.0);
            assert_eq!(ui.scroll, 0.0);
            if let Some((y, _)) = headers.first() {
                assert_eq!(*y, STYLE.band + 4.0);
            }
-            let (expected, _, _) = GraphicsUi::default().layout(level, 480.0, 4000.0);
+            let (expected, _, _) = GraphicsUi::default().layout(level, &s, 480.0, 4000.0);
            assert_eq!(
                widgets.iter().map(|w| w.y).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                expected.iter().map(|w| w.y).collect::<Vec<_>>()
            );
-            ui.scroll(level, 4000.0, -1000.0);
+            ui.scroll(level, &s, 4000.0, -1000.0);
            assert_eq!(ui.scroll, 0.0);
        }
    }
@@ -963,7 +999,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn classic_submenus_only_add_horizon_settings_without_empty_groups() {
        for level in [Level::Simple, Level::Advanced] {
-            let rows = extra_rows(level);
+            let rows = extra_rows(level, &Settings::default());
            assert!(rows.iter().any(|row| matches!(row, Row::Setting(_))));
            for (i, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
                match row {
@@ -1051,6 +1087,37 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(s.horizon.upload_budget_kib, 0);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn antialiasing_cycles_off_fxaa_taa() {
+        let mut s = Settings::default();
+        let item = Item::Horizon(H::Antialiasing);
+        for label in ["FXAA", "TAA", "Off"] {
+            item.cycle(&mut s, false, [854, 480]);
+            assert_eq!(item.label(&s).plain(), format!("Anti-aliasing: {label}"));
+        }
+        item.cycle(&mut s, true, [854, 480]);
+        assert_eq!((s.horizon.fxaa, s.horizon.taa), (false, true));
+
+        // Upscaling needs TAA: a ratio turns it on, leaving TAA goes back to Native.
+        s.horizon.taa = false;
+        let upscaling = Item::Horizon(H::Upscaling);
+        upscaling.cycle(&mut s, false, [854, 480]);
+        assert_eq!(upscaling.label(&s).plain(), "Upscaling: Quality");
+        assert!(s.horizon.taa);
+        item.cycle(&mut s, false, [854, 480]);
+        assert_eq!(s.horizon.upscaling, Upscaling::Native);
+
+        // The Upscaling row is only on the screen while TAA is on.
+        let shown = |s: &Settings| {
+            extra_rows(Level::Advanced, s)
+                .iter()
+                .any(|row| matches!(row, Row::Setting(r) if r.item == upscaling))
+        };
+        assert!(!shown(&s));
+        s.horizon.taa = true;
+        assert!(shown(&s));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn entity_culling_is_opt_in_and_toggles_from_advanced_graphics() {
        let mut s = Settings::default();
@@ -1067,7 +1134,7 @@ mod tests {

        let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
        let size = (480.0, 4000.0);
-        let (widgets, _, _) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, size.0, size.1);
+        let (widgets, _, _) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, &s, size.0, size.1);
        let switch = widgets
            .iter()
            .find(|w| matches!(w.target, Target::Item(i) if i == item))
@@ -1001,6 +1001,35 @@ impl HudBatch {
        y: f32,
        color: u32,
        shadow: bool,
+    ) -> f32 {
+        self.styled_text(atlas, text, x, y, color, shadow, false)
+    }
+    /// `text_styled` for text drawn in the world (`TextRenderable.render`
+    /// with `flat` false): each quad's `depth` is its z in text units, the
+    /// glyphs `Font.SHADOW_DEPTH` in front of their shadow, a bold copy 0.001
+    /// in front of its glyph and the lines 0.01 (`BakedSheetGlyph`), so they
+    /// do not fight over the same pixels.
+    pub fn text_styled_world(
+        &mut self,
+        atlas: &HudAtlas,
+        text: &crate::text::Text,
+        x: f32,
+        y: f32,
+        color: u32,
+        shadow: bool,
+    ) -> f32 {
+        self.styled_text(atlas, text, x, y, color, shadow, true)
+    }
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    fn styled_text(
+        &mut self,
+        atlas: &HudAtlas,
+        text: &crate::text::Text,
+        x: f32,
+        y: f32,
+        color: u32,
+        shadow: bool,
+        world: bool,
    ) -> f32 {
        // StringDecomposer.iterateFormatted inside Font.drawInternal:
        // `§` codes inside a span restyle what follows and are not drawn.
@@ -1011,7 +1040,13 @@ impl HudBatch {
        let alpha = (color >> 24) as u8;
        let mut glyphs = Vec::new();
        let mut cursor = x;
+        let mut previous = None;
        for (i, (ch, style)) in text.chars().enumerate() {
+            // Font.PreparedTextBuilder.accept: lines start 1 left of a
+            // sequence's first character. Language.getVisualOrder makes a
+            // sequence of each run of one style, which world text has.
+            let first = i == 0 || world && previous != Some(style);
+            previous = Some(style);
            // The style's font (`Style.getFont`), the default one unless set.
            let mut g = font.glyph_styled(ch, style);
            // Font.StringRenderOutput.accept: obfuscated characters draw a
@@ -1032,7 +1067,7 @@ impl HudBatch {
                style.is_italic(),
                style.underlined == Some(true),
                style.strikethrough == Some(true),
-                i == 0,
+                first,
                advance,
            ));
            cursor += advance;
@@ -1040,19 +1075,25 @@ impl HudBatch {
        self.patches.extend(font.take_patches());
        let white = font.white();
        let passes: &[bool] = if shadow { &[true, false] } else { &[false] };
+        // ARGB.scaleRGB(color, 0.25): the shadow's colour.
+        let shade = |c: u32| {
+            let b = c.to_le_bytes();
+            rgba(
+                (f32::from(b[0]) * 0.25) as u8,
+                (f32::from(b[1]) * 0.25) as u8,
+                (f32::from(b[2]) * 0.25) as u8,
+                b[3],
+            )
+        };
        for &is_shadow in passes {
            for &(gx, g, c, bold, italic, underline, strike, first, advance) in &glyphs {
+                // In the world a glyph whose shadow is 0 has none (hasShadow).
+                let has_shadow = shadow && !(world && shade(c) == 0);
+                if is_shadow && !has_shadow {
+                    continue;
+                }
                let (dx, col) = if is_shadow {
-                    let b = c.to_le_bytes();
-                    (
-                        g.offset,
-                        rgba(
-                            (f32::from(b[0]) * 0.25) as u8,
-                            (f32::from(b[1]) * 0.25) as u8,
-                            (f32::from(b[2]) * 0.25) as u8,
-                            b[3],
-                        ),
-                    )
+                    (g.offset, shade(c))
                } else {
                    (0.0, c)
                };
@@ -1092,21 +1133,62 @@ impl HudBatch {
                    }
                    None => {}
                };
+                let base = if has_shadow && !is_shadow { 0.03 } else { 0.0 };
+                let lift = |batch: &mut Self, start: usize, z: f32| {
+                    if world {
+                        for v in &mut batch.vertices[start..] {
+                            v.depth = z;
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                let start = self.vertices.len();
                draw(self, 0.0);
+                lift(self, start, base);
                if bold {
+                    let start = self.vertices.len();
                    draw(self, g.offset);
+                    lift(self, start, base + 0.001);
                }
                let x0 = if first { px - 1.0 } else { px };
+                let start = self.vertices.len();
                if strike {
                    self.rect_uv(x0, py + 3.5, px + advance - x0, 1.0, white, col);
                }
                if underline {
                    self.rect_uv(x0, py + 8.0, px + advance - x0, 1.0, white, col);
                }
+                lift(self, start, base + 0.01);
            }
        }
        cursor - x
    }
+    /// SubmitNodeCollection.submitNameTag's text in its own space (x right,
+    /// y down, in GUI pixels): centred at `-Font.width / 2`, drawn as
+    /// Font.prepareText draws any text (styles, fonts and glyph boxes; no
+    /// shadow), over `background` (RGBA) unless its alpha is 0. Returns how
+    /// many vertices at the start of the batch are the background.
+    pub fn name_tag(
+        &mut self,
+        atlas: &HudAtlas,
+        text: &crate::text::Text,
+        y: f32,
+        color: u32,
+        background: u32,
+    ) -> usize {
+        let x = -atlas.font.width_text(text) / 2.0;
+        let start = self.vertices.len();
+        let advance = self.text_styled(atlas, text, x, y, color, false);
+        if background >> 24 == 0 {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // PreparedTextBuilder.markBackground: one pixel round the advances,
+        // from a pixel above the line to 9 below its top.
+        let glyphs = self.vertices.split_off(start);
+        self.fill(atlas, x - 1.0, y - 1.0, advance + 1.0, 10.0, background);
+        let behind = self.vertices.len() - start;
+        self.vertices.extend(glyphs);
+        behind
+    }
 }
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
@@ -1822,6 +1904,65 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(missing.rect.is_none() && missing.right == 5.0);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn name_tags_draw_bold_text_and_tall_glyphs_like_any_text() {
+        // `ascii.png`'s 8x8 'a' (4 pixels wide) and `accented.png`'s 9x12
+        // 'й' (height 12, ascent 10: the breve above the line), 7 wide.
+        let root = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-name-tag-{}", std::process::id()));
+        let textures = root.join("assets/minecraft/textures/font");
+        fs::create_dir_all(root.join("assets/minecraft/font")).unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir_all(&textures).unwrap();
+        fs::write(
+            root.join("assets/minecraft/font/default.json"),
+            r#"{"providers":[
+                {"type":"bitmap","file":"minecraft:font/a.png","ascent":7,"chars":["a"]},
+                {"type":"bitmap","file":"minecraft:font/tall.png","height":12,"ascent":10,"chars":["й"]}]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        for (name, (w, h), used) in [("a", (8, 8), 4), ("tall", (9, 12), 7)] {
+            let pixels: Vec<u8> = (0..w * h)
+                .flat_map(|i| [255, 255, 255, if i % w < used { 255 } else { 0 }])
+                .collect();
+            let file = fs::File::create(textures.join(format!("{name}.png"))).unwrap();
+            let mut encoder = png::Encoder::new(file, w, h);
+            encoder.set_color(png::ColorType::Rgba);
+            encoder.set_depth(png::BitDepth::Eight);
+            let mut writer = encoder.write_header().unwrap();
+            writer.write_image_data(&pixels).unwrap();
+        }
+        let atlas = HudAtlas::build(&root).unwrap();
+        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+        let text = crate::text::Text::literal("aй").bold();
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([1, 1]);
+        let behind = batch.name_tag(&atlas, &text, 0.0, u32::MAX, 0x3F00_0000);
+        // Each quad's box: x0, y0, x1, y1.
+        let boxes: Vec<[f32; 4]> = batch
+            .vertices
+            .as_chunks::<6>()
+            .0
+            .iter()
+            .map(|q| [q[0].pos[0], q[0].pos[1], q[2].pos[0], q[2].pos[1]])
+            .collect();
+        // Advances 5 and 8, plus 1 each for bold: Font.width 15, centred.
+        let x = -7.5;
+        // Each glyph twice (bold), the copy a pixel right; 'й' in its 9x12
+        // box from 3 pixels above the line, each bold quad 0.1 larger.
+        let near = |a: [f32; 4], b: [f32; 4]| a.iter().zip(b).all(|(a, b)| (a - b).abs() < 1e-4);
+        let expected = [
+            [x - 0.1, -0.1, x + 8.1, 8.1],
+            [x + 0.9, -0.1, x + 9.1, 8.1],
+            [x + 5.9, -3.1, x + 15.1, 9.1],
+            [x + 6.9, -3.1, x + 16.1, 9.1],
+        ];
+        for (got, want) in boxes[1..].iter().zip(expected) {
+            assert!(near(*got, want), "{got:?} != {want:?}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(boxes.len(), 1 + expected.len());
+        // The background first: a pixel round the advances, 10 pixels tall.
+        assert_eq!(behind, 6);
+        assert_eq!(boxes[0], [x - 1.0, -1.0, x + 15.0, 9.0]);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn effect_icons_are_painted_from_the_mob_effect_directory() {
        use crate::{effects::EffectInstance, hud_layout, hud_overlays, inventory_effects};
@@ -59,13 +59,7 @@ pub fn panels(
                translate("effect.duration.infinite").unwrap_or_else(|| "∞".to_owned())
            } else {
                // StringUtil.formatTickDuration uses the level's current rate.
-                let seconds = (effect.duration as f32 / tick_rate) as i32;
-                let (hours, minutes, seconds) = (seconds / 3600, seconds / 60 % 60, seconds % 60);
-                if hours > 0 {
-                    format!("{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}")
-                } else {
-                    format!("{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}")
-                }
+                crate::brewing::format_tick_duration(effect.duration, tick_rate)
            };
            let width = max_width.min(39 + text_width(&name).max(text_width(&duration)));
            EffectPanel {
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ const MAX_SAVED: usize = 1024;
 /// (`Lod::observing`).
 pub const OBSERVE_AHEAD: usize = 8;
 const SAMPLE_JOBS: usize = 4;
+/// Threads that sample far tiles beside the mesher. Machines with 12 or more
+/// threads use up to 6 (measured: a cold 1024-chunk LoD loads about a quarter
+/// sooner than with 3); the rest keep a quarter of their threads, at most 3.
+fn sampling_threads(cores: usize) -> usize {
+    if cores >= 12 {
+        (cores / 2).min(6)
+    } else {
+        (cores / 4).clamp(1, 3)
+    }
+}
 /// While the near terrain loads on a machine with four threads or fewer, far
 /// terrain starts one sample job at most this often and no detail: it would
 /// otherwise take the cores the near chunks and the frame need.
@@ -550,6 +560,8 @@ pub struct Lod {
    detail_request_at: std::time::Instant,
    /// Four threads or fewer: far work waits for the near terrain (`hold`).
    small: bool,
+    /// Sample jobs that may be queued or running at once.
+    sample_jobs: usize,
    /// The near terrain is loading (`set_near_loading`).
    near_loading: bool,
    /// When `request_samples` last started a job while held.
@@ -570,6 +582,7 @@ pub struct Lod {
 }
 impl Lod {
    pub fn new(source: Arc<dyn LodSource>, context: Arc<WorkerContext>) -> Self {
+        let cores = thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, |n| n.get());
        let shared = Arc::new(Shared {
            jobs: Mutex::new(VecDeque::new()),
            observed: Mutex::new(FxHashMap::default()),
@@ -583,10 +596,10 @@ impl Lod {
        let handle = thread::Builder::new()
            .name("Far terrain".into())
            .spawn(move || {
+                // Ticks and frames come first (horizon_threads).
+                horizon_threads::behind_server();
                let mut sampler = source.sampler();
-                let count = thread::available_parallelism()
-                    .map_or(1, |n| n.get() / 4)
-                    .clamp(1, 3);
+                let count = sampling_threads(cores);
                let mut sampling = Vec::new();
                for _ in 0..count {
                    let Some(mut sample) = sampler.fork() else {
@@ -598,6 +611,7 @@ impl Lod {
                        thread::Builder::new()
                            .name("Far sampling".into())
                            .spawn(move || {
+                                horizon_threads::behind_server();
                                loop {
                                    let key = {
                                        let mut jobs = shared.jobs.lock().unwrap();
@@ -746,7 +760,8 @@ impl Lod {
            detail_masks: FxHashMap::default(),
            detail_request_pending: false,
            detail_request_at: std::time::Instant::now(),
-            small: thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, |n| n.get()) <= 4,
+            small: cores <= 4,
+            sample_jobs: SAMPLE_JOBS.max(sampling_threads(cores) + 1),
            near_loading: false,
            held_sample_at: std::time::Instant::now(),
            ready: FxHashMap::default(),
@@ -1243,7 +1258,13 @@ impl Lod {
                self.pending.is_empty() && self.held_sample_at.elapsed() >= HELD_SAMPLE_STEP,
            )
        } else {
-            SAMPLE_JOBS.saturating_sub(self.pending.len())
+            // The extra sampling threads wait until the near terrain is in.
+            let slots = if self.near_loading {
+                SAMPLE_JOBS
+            } else {
+                self.sample_jobs
+            };
+            slots.saturating_sub(self.pending.len())
        };
        if free == 0 {
            return;
@@ -1291,8 +1312,8 @@ impl Lod {
        }
        // Only the first `free` keys not already pending are taken. A key is
        // listed at most twice (as a root and as a node), so the best
-        // `2 * (SAMPLE_JOBS + pending)` entries hold them, in order.
-        let best = 2 * (SAMPLE_JOBS + self.pending.len());
+        // `2 * (sample_jobs + pending)` entries hold them, in order.
+        let best = 2 * (self.sample_jobs + self.pending.len());
        if wanted.len() > best {
            wanted.select_nth_unstable(best);
            wanted.truncate(best);
@@ -2000,6 +2021,7 @@ mod tests {
        lod.ready
            .insert(parent, Arc::new(vec![Column::default(); 256]));
        lod.active = [parent].into_iter().collect();
+        lod.sample_jobs = SAMPLE_JOBS;
        lod.pending = (0..SAMPLE_JOBS - 1)
            .map(|i| TileKey {
                x: 999 + i as i32,
@@ -2058,6 +2080,7 @@ mod tests {
        }
        lod.active = [near, far].into_iter().collect();
        lod.shared.jobs.lock().unwrap().clear();
+        lod.sample_jobs = SAMPLE_JOBS;
        lod.pending = (0..SAMPLE_JOBS - 1)
            .map(|i| TileKey {
                x: 999 + i as i32,
@@ -2091,6 +2114,34 @@ mod tests {
            (1..=32).map(|x| (x, 0)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "one unfinished fine tile must not starve neighbouring requests"
        );
+
+        // The extra sampling threads' slots open once the near terrain is in.
+        lod.small = false;
+        lod.sample_jobs = SAMPLE_JOBS + 3;
+        lod.plan = Plan::new([-256, -256], 2, 64);
+        lod.ready.clear();
+        lod.active.clear();
+        lod.pending.clear();
+        lod.meshing = true;
+        lod.shared.jobs.lock().unwrap().clear();
+        let queued = |lod: &mut Lod, near_loading: bool| {
+            lod.set_near_loading(near_loading);
+            lod.shared.jobs.lock().unwrap().clear();
+            lod.pending.clear();
+            lod.update([-256., 64., -256.], 0., 2, 64, Some(FxHashSet::default()));
+            let jobs = lod.shared.jobs.lock().unwrap();
+            jobs.iter()
+                .filter(|job| matches!(job, Job::Sample(_)))
+                .count()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(queued(&mut lod, true), SAMPLE_JOBS);
+        assert_eq!(queued(&mut lod, false), SAMPLE_JOBS + 3);
        Ok(())
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn extra_sampling_threads_only_on_large_machines() {
+        assert_eq!([1, 2, 4, 8, 11].map(sampling_threads), [1, 1, 1, 2, 2]);
+        assert_eq!([12, 16, 64].map(sampling_threads), [6, 6, 6]);
+    }
 }
@@ -570,6 +570,15 @@ impl OptionsFile {
            self.values[i] = V::Int(p as i32);
        }
    }
+    /// `Options.modelCustomisation`: the PlayerModelPart bits the player shows
+    /// (cape first, as `modelPart_*` is in `MODEL_PARTS`).
+    pub fn model_customisation(&self) -> u8 {
+        MODEL_PARTS
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(|(_, part)| self.bool(&format!("modelPart_{part}")))
+            .fold(0, |bits, (bit, _)| bits | 1 << bit)
+    }
    /// Key mapping value by mapping name.
    pub fn key_binding(&self, name: &str) -> String {
        self.string(&format!("key_{name}"))
@@ -45,6 +45,16 @@ pub(crate) enum Kind {
    Slider(f32),
    Cycle,
 }
+/// `PlayerModelPart` keys, in vanilla's bit order (`modelPart_*` in options.txt).
+const MODEL_PART_KEYS: [&str; 7] = [
+    "modelPart_cape",
+    "modelPart_jacket",
+    "modelPart_left_sleeve",
+    "modelPart_right_sleeve",
+    "modelPart_left_pants_leg",
+    "modelPart_right_pants_leg",
+    "modelPart_hat",
+];
 /// The Accessibility Settings page:
 /// `AccessibilityOptionsScreen.options`, with the Controls link inserted separately.
 pub(crate) const ACCESSIBILITY_OPTIONS: &[Opt] = &[
@@ -97,9 +107,15 @@ impl Opt {
                | Opt::HideMatchedNames
                | Opt::OnlySecureChat
                | Opt::SaveChatDrafts
-                | Opt::DistortionEffects
                | Opt::MonochromeLogo
                | Opt::RotateWithMinecarts
+                // Saved, but no Horizon system reads them yet: no Realms, no
+                // friends list, no directional audio, no now-playing toast.
+                | Opt::RealmsNotifications
+                | Opt::InGameNotification
+                | Opt::SharePresence
+                | Opt::DirectionalAudio
+                | Opt::MusicToast
                // Saved, but nothing in rendering reads them yet.
                | Opt::ChunkFade
                | Opt::ImprovedTransparency
@@ -128,6 +144,13 @@ impl Opt {
            Opt::RotateWithMinecarts => "rotateWithMinecart",
            Opt::HighContrastBlockOutlines => "highContrastBlockOutline",
            Opt::MusicFrequency => "musicFrequency",
+            Opt::ModelPart(i) => MODEL_PART_KEYS[i],
+            Opt::AllowServerListing => "allowServerListing",
+            Opt::RealmsNotifications => "realmsNotifications",
+            Opt::InGameNotification => "inGameNotification",
+            Opt::SharePresence => "sharePresence",
+            Opt::DirectionalAudio => "directionalAudio",
+            Opt::MusicToast => "musicToast",
            _ => return None,
        })
    }
@@ -225,6 +248,22 @@ impl Opt {
            Opt::PadGlyphs => "horizon.options.button_glyphs",
            Opt::PadMenuNav => "horizon.options.menu_navigation",
            Opt::PadKeyboard => "horizon.options.on_screen_keyboard",
+            Opt::ModelPart(i) => [
+                "options.modelPart.cape",
+                "options.modelPart.jacket",
+                "options.modelPart.left_sleeve",
+                "options.modelPart.right_sleeve",
+                "options.modelPart.left_pants_leg",
+                "options.modelPart.right_pants_leg",
+                "options.modelPart.hat",
+            ][i],
+            Opt::MainHand => "options.mainHand",
+            Opt::AllowServerListing => "options.allowServerListing",
+            Opt::RealmsNotifications => "options.realmsNotifications.button",
+            Opt::InGameNotification => "options.inGameNotification",
+            Opt::SharePresence => "options.sharePresence",
+            Opt::DirectionalAudio => "options.directionalAudio",
+            Opt::MusicToast => "options.musicToast",
        }
    }
    pub(crate) fn kind(self, s: &Settings) -> Kind {
@@ -460,9 +499,29 @@ impl Opt {
            Opt::HideLightningFlashes => on_off(s.file.bool("hideLightningFlashes")),
            Opt::MonochromeLogo => on_off(s.file.bool("darkMojangStudiosBackground")),
            Opt::HideSplashTexts => on_off(s.file.bool("hideSplashTexts")),
-            Opt::HideMatchedNames | Opt::OnlySecureChat | Opt::SaveChatDrafts => {
-                on_off(s.file.bool(self.file_key().unwrap()))
-            }
+            Opt::HideMatchedNames
+            | Opt::OnlySecureChat
+            | Opt::SaveChatDrafts
+            | Opt::ModelPart(_)
+            | Opt::AllowServerListing
+            | Opt::RealmsNotifications
+            | Opt::InGameNotification
+            | Opt::DirectionalAudio => on_off(s.file.bool(self.file_key().unwrap())),
+            Opt::MainHand => tr(if s.main_hand_left {
+                "options.mainHand.left"
+            } else {
+                "options.mainHand.right"
+            }),
+            Opt::SharePresence => tr([
+                "options.sharePresence.none",
+                "options.sharePresence.limited",
+                "options.sharePresence.all",
+            ][s.file.int("sharePresence").clamp(0, 2) as usize]),
+            Opt::MusicToast => tr([
+                "options.musicToast.never",
+                "options.musicToast.pauseMenu",
+                "options.musicToast.pauseMenuAndToast",
+            ][s.file.int("musicToast").clamp(0, 2) as usize]),
            Opt::NarratorHotkey => on_off(s.file.bool("narratorHotkey")),
            Opt::RotateWithMinecarts => on_off(s.file.bool("rotateWithMinecart")),
            Opt::HighContrastBlockOutlines => on_off(s.file.bool("highContrastBlockOutline")),
@@ -579,12 +638,14 @@ impl Opt {
                self.file_key().unwrap(),
                crate::options_file::V::Double(f64::from(v).powi(2)),
            ),
-            Opt::DamageTilt | Opt::PanoramaSpeed | Opt::GlintSpeed | Opt::GlintStrength => {
-                s.file.set(
-                    self.file_key().unwrap(),
-                    crate::options_file::V::Double(f64::from(v)),
-                )
-            }
+            Opt::DistortionEffects
+            | Opt::DamageTilt
+            | Opt::PanoramaSpeed
+            | Opt::GlintSpeed
+            | Opt::GlintStrength => s.file.set(
+                self.file_key().unwrap(),
+                crate::options_file::V::Double(f64::from(v)),
+            ),
            Opt::Fov => s.fov = step(30.0, 110.0),
            Opt::RenderDistance => s.render_distance = step(2.0, 64.0) as i32,
            Opt::SimulationDistance => s.simulation_distance = step(5.0, 32.0) as i32,
@@ -669,7 +730,12 @@ impl Opt {
            | Opt::HighContrastBlockOutlines
            | Opt::HideMatchedNames
            | Opt::OnlySecureChat
-            | Opt::SaveChatDrafts => {
+            | Opt::SaveChatDrafts
+            | Opt::ModelPart(_)
+            | Opt::AllowServerListing
+            | Opt::RealmsNotifications
+            | Opt::InGameNotification
+            | Opt::DirectionalAudio => {
                let key = self.file_key().unwrap();
                s.file
                    .set(key, crate::options_file::V::Bool(!s.file.bool(key)));
@@ -718,6 +784,17 @@ impl Opt {
                s.file
                    .set("musicFrequency", crate::options_file::V::Int(i32::from(n)));
            }
+            Opt::MainHand => s.main_hand_left = !s.main_hand_left,
+            Opt::SharePresence => {
+                let n = next(s.file.int("sharePresence").clamp(0, 2) as u8, 3);
+                s.file
+                    .set("sharePresence", crate::options_file::V::Int(i32::from(n)));
+            }
+            Opt::MusicToast => {
+                let n = next(s.file.int("musicToast").clamp(0, 2) as u8, 3);
+                s.file
+                    .set("musicToast", crate::options_file::V::Int(i32::from(n)));
+            }
            Opt::ForceUnicode => s.force_unicode = !s.force_unicode,
            Opt::JapaneseGlyphs => s.japanese_glyphs = !s.japanese_glyphs,
            Opt::PadEnabled => s.controller.enabled = !s.controller.enabled,
@@ -855,6 +932,10 @@ pub enum Page {
    Horizon,
    /// AI Agent: agent control on or off, whether an agent is connected, the connection details.
    Agent,
+    /// SkinCustomizationScreen: the skin layers and Main Hand.
+    Skin,
+    /// OnlineOptionsScreen: server listing, Realms and friends notifications.
+    Online,
 }
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 enum Act {
@@ -923,8 +1004,10 @@ pub enum Event {
    ButtonClick,
    /// Close the options screens (back to the pause menu or title).
    Close,
-    /// Settings changed: apply them.
+    /// Settings changed: apply and save them.
    Changed,
+    /// A slider is being dragged: apply settings live but defer saving.
+    SliderDrag,
    /// The language changed (reload translations).
    Language(String),
    /// The pack selection changed (reload resources).
@@ -939,6 +1022,9 @@ pub enum Event {
    /// Open the mod's own settings page (capability `ui`): the installed
    /// mod's index in `mods.installed`.
    ModSettings(usize),
+    /// Native mod `.0`'s page opened: the game asks the mod for its labels
+    /// again (they were made with the list, maybe in another language).
+    NativeSettings(usize),
    /// Button `.1` of native mod `.0`'s page was pressed: the game tells the
    /// mod and refreshes the page.
    NativeButton(usize, usize),
@@ -1173,6 +1259,8 @@ impl OptionsUi {
            Page::Main => "options.title",
            Page::Video => "options.videoTitle",
            Page::Sound => "options.sounds.title",
+            Page::Skin => "options.skinCustomisation.title",
+            Page::Online => "options.online.title",
            Page::Controls => "controls.title",
            Page::KeyBinds => "controls.keybinds.title",
            Page::Mouse => "options.mouse_settings.title",
@@ -1432,13 +1520,29 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                self.filter_option_rows(rows)
            }
            Page::Sound => {
+                // SoundOptionsScreen, without Audio Device: Horizon opens the
+                // output device itself and cannot switch it.
                let mut rows = vec![Row::Big(Opt::Volume(0))];
                let others: Vec<Opt> = (1..SOUND_SOURCES.len()).map(Opt::Volume).collect();
                rows.extend(pairs(&others));
-                rows.extend(pairs(&[Opt::ShowSubtitles]));
-                // SoundOptionsScreen: Music Frequency starts the next row (with
-                // Music Toast, not in Horizon yet).
-                rows.extend(pairs(&[Opt::MusicFrequency]));
+                rows.extend(pairs(&[Opt::ShowSubtitles, Opt::DirectionalAudio]));
+                rows.extend(pairs(&[Opt::MusicFrequency, Opt::MusicToast]));
+                rows
+            }
+            Page::Skin => {
+                // SkinCustomizationScreen: the seven layers, then Main Hand.
+                let mut opts: Vec<Opt> = (0..MODEL_PART_KEYS.len()).map(Opt::ModelPart).collect();
+                opts.push(Opt::MainHand);
+                pairs(&opts)
+            }
+            Page::Online => {
+                // OnlineOptionsScreen without the Xbox and friends-list parts.
+                let mut rows = vec![Row::Header("options.online.friends.header")];
+                rows.extend(pairs(&[Opt::InGameNotification, Opt::SharePresence]));
+                rows.push(Row::Header("options.online.servers.header"));
+                rows.push(Row::Big(Opt::AllowServerListing));
+                rows.push(Row::Header("options.online.realms.header"));
+                rows.push(Row::Big(Opt::RealmsNotifications));
                rows
            }
            Page::Controls => {
@@ -1633,15 +1737,15 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                    list: false,
                });
                out.push(option_widget(s, Opt::Fov, cx - 154.0, 29.0, 150.0));
-                out.push(inactive(button(
+                out.push(button(
                    cx + 4.0,
                    29.0,
                    150.0,
                    tr("options.online"),
-                    Act::None,
-                )));
+                    Act::Push(Page::Online),
+                ));
                let entries = [
-                    ("options.skinCustomisation", None),
+                    ("options.skinCustomisation", Some(Page::Skin)),
                    ("options.sounds", Some(Page::Sound)),
                    ("options.video", Some(Page::Video)),
                    ("options.controls", Some(Page::Controls)),
@@ -2427,6 +2531,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                match action {
                    Action::ButtonClick => events.push(Event::ButtonClick),
                    Action::Changed => events.push(Event::Changed),
+                    Action::SliderDrag => events.push(Event::SliderDrag),
                    Action::OpenAdvanced => self.push(Page::GraphicsAdvanced),
                    Action::OpenSimple => {
                        if self.stack.len() >= 2
@@ -2507,7 +2612,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                let v = ui::slider_value(wd.x, wd.w, x);
                self.slider_value = Some((opt, v, Instant::now()));
                set_slider(opt, s, v);
-                events.push(Event::Changed);
+                events.push(Event::SliderDrag);
            }
            return events;
        }
@@ -2612,6 +2717,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                            events.push(Event::ButtonClick);
                            if s.mods.installed.get(i).is_some_and(|m| m.native.is_some()) {
                                self.push(Page::NativeMod(i));
+                                events.push(Event::NativeSettings(i));
                            } else {
                                events.push(Event::ModSettings(i));
                            }
@@ -2643,7 +2749,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
                    let v = ui::slider_value(wd.x, wd.w, x);
                    self.slider_value = Some((opt, v, Instant::now()));
                    set_slider(opt, s, v);
-                    events.push(Event::Changed);
+                    events.push(Event::SliderDrag);
                }
                WKind::LanguageRow { code, .. } => {
                    if self.language_choice.as_deref() == Some(code.as_str()) {
@@ -2676,7 +2782,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
        let slider = self.dragging.take().is_some();
        let graphics_slider = self.graphics.release();
        if slider || graphics_slider {
-            vec![Event::ButtonClick]
+            vec![Event::ButtonClick, Event::Changed]
        } else {
            Vec::new()
        }
@@ -2692,7 +2798,7 @@ impl OptionsUi {
            return;
        }
        if let Some(level) = Self::graphics_level(self.page()) {
-            self.graphics.scroll(level, size.1, amount);
+            self.graphics.scroll(level, s, size.1, amount);
            return;
        }
        match &mut self.pack_screen {
@@ -3230,6 +3336,50 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(ui.page(), Page::Main);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn opening_a_native_mods_page_asks_the_game_for_its_labels_again() {
+        let atlas = atlas();
+        let mut s = Settings::default();
+        let mut ui = OptionsUi::default();
+        let size = (480.0, 240.0);
+        s.mods.installed.push(crate::mod_list::Installed {
+            id: "native".into(),
+            title: "Native 1.0".into(),
+            description: String::new(),
+            problem: None,
+            dev: false,
+            has_settings: false,
+            native: Some(crate::mod_list::NativePage::default()),
+        });
+        ui.show(Page::Mods);
+        let (widgets, ..) = ui.layout(&s, size.0, size.1);
+        let settings = widgets
+            .iter()
+            .find(|w| {
+                matches!(
+                    w.kind,
+                    WKind::Button {
+                        act: Act::ModSettings(0),
+                        ..
+                    }
+                )
+            })
+            .expect("a native mod's row has a Settings button");
+        let events = ui.click(
+            &mut s,
+            &atlas,
+            settings.x + 1.0,
+            settings.y + 1.0,
+            size,
+            [480, 240],
+            false,
+            false,
+        );
+        // Its labels were made with the list, maybe in another language.
+        assert_eq!(events.last(), Some(&Event::NativeSettings(0)));
+        assert_eq!(ui.page(), Page::NativeMod(0));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn option_tooltip_keys_follow_value_dependent_descriptions() {
        let mut s = Settings::default();
@@ -3666,22 +3816,22 @@ mod tests {
        let (x, y) = (slider.x + slider.w - 1.0, slider.y + 1.0);
        assert_eq!(
            ui.click(&mut s, &atlas, x, y, size, [854, 480], false, false),
-            vec![Event::Changed]
+            vec![Event::SliderDrag]
        );
        assert_eq!(s.master_volume, 1.0);
-        assert_eq!(ui.release(), vec![Event::ButtonClick]);
+        assert_eq!(ui.release(), vec![Event::ButtonClick, Event::Changed]);
        assert!(ui.release().is_empty());
        assert_eq!(
            ui.click(&mut s, &atlas, x, y, size, [854, 480], false, false),
-            vec![Event::Changed]
+            vec![Event::SliderDrag]
        );
        for cx in [-100.0, 250.0, 1000.0] {
            assert_eq!(
                ui.click(&mut s, &atlas, cx, -100.0, size, [854, 480], true, false),
-                vec![Event::Changed]
+                vec![Event::SliderDrag]
            );
        }
-        assert_eq!(ui.release(), vec![Event::ButtonClick]);
+        assert_eq!(ui.release(), vec![Event::ButtonClick, Event::Changed]);
        assert!(
            ui.click(&mut s, &atlas, x, y, size, [854, 480], true, false)
                .is_empty()
@@ -380,11 +380,45 @@ fn link(target: &Path, at: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
    if target.is_dir() {
        Ok(())
    } else {
-        fs::copy(target, at).map(|_| ())
+        // The mirror only reads these files, and unix links them: a hardlink gives
+        // the same view without writing the 639 MB prepared root again, which was
+        // 33 s of a cold Windows launch with a pack on. Another volume (or a
+        // filesystem without hardlinks) still copies.
+        fs::hard_link(target, at).or_else(|_| fs::copy(target, at).map(|_| ()))
    }
 }
+/// A directory junction, which Windows creates without privileges (a directory symlink needs
+/// developer mode). The mirror falls back to copying the tree when it fails.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn junction(target: &Path, at: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
+    use std::os::windows::process::CommandExt;
+    // cmd parses its own line: Rust quotes only paths with spaces, so `&` or `^` in an
+    // unquoted path would split or change the command. A Windows path cannot hold `"`.
+    let quoted = |path: &Path| -> io::Result<std::ffi::OsString> {
+        let mut quoted = std::ffi::OsString::from("\"");
+        quoted.push(std::path::absolute(path)?);
+        quoted.push("\"");
+        Ok(quoted)
+    };
+    let status = std::process::Command::new("cmd")
+        .args(["/C", "mklink", "/J"])
+        .raw_arg(quoted(at)?)
+        .raw_arg(quoted(target)?)
+        .creation_flags(0x0800_0000) // CREATE_NO_WINDOW
+        .stdout(std::process::Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(std::process::Stdio::null())
+        .status()?;
+    status
+        .success()
+        .then_some(())
+        .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::other("mklink /J failed"))
+}
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+fn junction(_: &Path, _: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
+    Err(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported.into())
+}
 /// Build `out` as `vanilla` with the packs' files layered on top (packs in
-/// load order, last wins). Untouched directories are symlinks into vanilla.
+/// load order, last wins). Untouched directories are links into vanilla.
 pub fn build_overlay(vanilla: &Path, packs: &[Pack], out: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
    cache::build(vanilla, packs, out)
 }
@@ -516,11 +550,17 @@ fn build_overlay_uncached(
                        }
                    }
                }
+            } else if filters.is_empty()
+                && !touched.contains(&child)
+                && vanilla.join(&child).is_dir()
+                && junction(&vanilla.join(&child), &out.join(&child)).is_ok()
+            {
+                // Linked whole, like the unix symlink: no file in it is visited or copied.
            } else if touched.contains(&child)
-                // Windows cannot link a directory the way unix does (`link` above), so an
-                // untouched one has to be mirrored: skipping it hid textures/font and the
-                // title panorama from the overlay, and a font json that names those sheets
-                // then failed to load (#1688).
+                // Without a junction Windows cannot link a directory the way unix does (`link`
+                // above), so an untouched one has to be mirrored: skipping it hid textures/font
+                // and the title panorama from the overlay, and a font json that names those
+                // sheets then failed to load (#1688).
                || (vanilla.join(&child).is_dir() && (cfg!(not(unix)) || !filters.is_empty()))
            {
                mirror(
@@ -939,7 +979,8 @@ mod tests {
    }
    #[test]
    fn overlay_layers_packs_over_vanilla() {
-        let base = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-packs-{}", std::process::id()));
+        // `&` would split an unquoted `cmd /C mklink` line.
+        let base = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-packs-&{}", std::process::id()));
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&base);
        let vanilla = base.join("vanilla");
        fs::create_dir_all(vanilla.join("assets/minecraft/textures/block")).unwrap();
@@ -960,6 +1001,13 @@ mod tests {
        )
        .unwrap();
        fs::write(vanilla.join("facts.json"), b"[]").unwrap();
+        // A directory no pack touches (#1688: a font json names sheets in it).
+        fs::create_dir_all(vanilla.join("assets/minecraft/textures/font")).unwrap();
+        fs::write(
+            vanilla.join("assets/minecraft/textures/font/ascii.png"),
+            b"font",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
        let pack_dir = base.join("packs/Mine");
        fs::create_dir_all(pack_dir.join("assets/minecraft/textures/block")).unwrap();
        fs::write(
@@ -997,6 +1045,17 @@ mod tests {
            br#"{"a":"vanilla","b":"pack"}"#
        );
        assert_eq!(fs::read(out.join("facts.json")).unwrap(), b"[]");
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read(out.join("assets/minecraft/textures/font/ascii.png")).unwrap(),
+            b"font"
+        );
+        // Linked, not mirrored: a junction on Windows, a symlink on unix.
+        assert!(
+            fs::symlink_metadata(out.join("assets/minecraft/textures/font"))
+                .unwrap()
+                .file_type()
+                .is_symlink()
+        );
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(base);
    }
    #[test]
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ use std::io::Read;
 use std::{collections::BTreeSet, fs, io, path::Path, path::PathBuf};

 // Bump when overlay/merge semantics change. Markers are disposable cache data.
+// Version 4 mirrored every untouched directory file by file on Windows.
 // Version 3 could omit untouched vanilla directories on Windows (#1649, #1688).
-const VERSION: u32 = 4;
+const VERSION: u32 = 5;

 #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(super) struct Dependencies {
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 //! The option screens live in `options_ui`.
 use crate::keybinds::KeyBinds;
 use crate::options_file::{OptionsFile, V};
+use horizon_protocol::packets::configuration::ClientInformation;
 use std::{fs, path::Path};

 pub use horizon_client_core::sound_source::SOUND_SOURCES;
@@ -448,6 +449,16 @@ impl Settings {
            file: f,
        }
    }
+    /// `Options.createInformation`: what the server learns about this player.
+    pub fn client_information(&self, view_distance: i8) -> ClientInformation {
+        ClientInformation {
+            chat_visibility: self.chat_visibility as i32,
+            model_customisation: self.file.model_customisation(),
+            main_hand: i32::from(!self.main_hand_left),
+            allows_listing: self.file.bool("allowServerListing"),
+            ..ClientInformation::new(view_distance)
+        }
+    }
    /// The options file reflecting the typed fields; values the game did not
    /// change keep their stored form.
    pub fn to_file(&self) -> OptionsFile {
@@ -706,6 +717,15 @@ pub enum Opt {
    PadGlyphs,
    PadMenuNav,
    PadKeyboard,
+    /// `options.modelPart.*`: one skin layer (index into `options_file::MODEL_PARTS`).
+    ModelPart(usize),
+    MainHand,
+    AllowServerListing,
+    RealmsNotifications,
+    InGameNotification,
+    SharePresence,
+    DirectionalAudio,
+    MusicToast,
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -491,15 +491,69 @@ pub fn texture_hash(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
 /// `SkinManager.TextureCache.registerTexture`: the texture id of a skin,
 /// `skins/` and the SHA-1 of its hash's UTF-16 code units.
 pub fn skin_location(hash: &str) -> String {
+    location("skins/", hash)
+}
+/// `registerTexture` in the cape cache: `capes/` and the same SHA-1.
+pub fn cape_location(hash: &str) -> String {
+    location("capes/", hash)
+}
+fn location(prefix: &str, hash: &str) -> String {
    let units: Vec<u8> = hash.encode_utf16().flat_map(u16::to_le_bytes).collect();
    let digest = sha1(&units);
-    let mut out = String::from("skins/");
+    let mut out = String::from(prefix);
    for b in digest {
        out.push_str(&format!("{b:02x}"));
    }
    out
 }

+/// `PlayerSkin.cape`: the cape texture of textures whose lookup gave a skin
+/// (every download ready), if they name one.
+pub fn cape(textures: &Textures) -> Option<String> {
+    textures
+        .cape
+        .as_deref()
+        .and_then(texture_hash)
+        .map(|hash| cape_location(&hash))
+}
+
+/// A cape in a 64x64 skin slot: the 64x32 picture (or the older 22x17,
+/// which has the same layout) in its top half. Vanilla draws a cape of any
+/// size; a larger one is scaled down to 64x32 here.
+pub fn process_cape(width: u32, height: u32, rgba: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let (w, h) = (width as usize, height as usize);
+    if w == 0 || h == 0 || rgba.len() < w * h * 4 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut img = vec![0u8; 64 * 64 * 4];
+    let (fit_w, fit_h) = if w <= 64 && h <= 32 { (w, h) } else { (64, 32) };
+    for y in 0..fit_h {
+        for x in 0..fit_w {
+            let (sx, sy) = (x * w / fit_w, y * h / fit_h);
+            let (s, d) = ((sy * w + sx) * 4, (y * 64 + x) * 4);
+            img[d..d + 4].copy_from_slice(&rgba[s..s + 4]);
+        }
+    }
+    Some(img)
+}
+
+/// The cape the launcher gives an offline name (`HORIZON_OFFLINE_CAPE`, a
+/// PNG's path; launcher/src/skins.rs), read once as `process_cape` lays it out.
+pub fn offline_cape() -> Option<&'static [u8]> {
+    static CAPE: std::sync::OnceLock<Option<Vec<u8>>> = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
+    CAPE.get_or_init(|| {
+        let path = std::env::var_os("HORIZON_OFFLINE_CAPE").filter(|p| !p.is_empty())?;
+        let image = std::fs::read(&path)
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+            .and_then(|bytes| crate::hud::decode_bytes(&bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
+            .and_then(|(w, h, rgba)| process_cape(w, h, &rgba).ok_or("not an image".into()));
+        image
+            .inspect_err(|e| eprintln!("Horizon: no offline cape ({}): {e}", path.display()))
+            .ok()
+    })
+    .as_deref()
+}
+
 /// Where a texture download stands.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Download {
@@ -650,9 +704,10 @@ impl Downloader {
        while let Ok((key, image)) = self.done.try_recv() {
            let state = match image {
                Some(rgba) => {
-                    if key.0 == Kind::Skin {
-                        let location = skin_location(&key.1);
-                        self.queue(location, rgba);
+                    match key.0 {
+                        Kind::Skin => self.queue(skin_location(&key.1), rgba),
+                        Kind::Cape => self.queue(cape_location(&key.1), rgba),
+                        Kind::Elytra => {}
                    }
                    Download::Ready
                }
@@ -685,7 +740,8 @@ impl Downloader {
                .and_then(|b| crate::hud::decode_bytes(&b).ok())
                .and_then(|(w, h, rgba)| match kind {
                    Kind::Skin => process_legacy_skin(w, h, &rgba),
-                    _ => Some(rgba),
+                    Kind::Cape => process_cape(w, h, &rgba),
+                    Kind::Elytra => Some(rgba),
                });
            let _ = send.send((key, image));
        });
@@ -716,16 +772,21 @@ impl Downloader {
        if self.queued.contains(location) {
            return true;
        }
-        let Some(digest) = location.strip_prefix("skins/") else {
-            return false;
-        };
+        let (digest, process): (_, fn(u32, u32, &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>>) =
+            if let Some(digest) = location.strip_prefix("skins/") {
+                (digest, process_legacy_skin)
+            } else if let Some(digest) = location.strip_prefix("capes/") {
+                (digest, process_cape)
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            };
        let image = self.images.get(location).cloned().or_else(|| {
            let file = self
                .root
                .join(if digest.len() > 2 { &digest[..2] } else { "xx" })
                .join(digest);
            let (w, h, rgba) = crate::hud::decode_bytes(&std::fs::read(&file).ok()?).ok()?;
-            process_legacy_skin(w, h, &rgba)
+            process(w, h, &rgba)
        });
        let Some(image) = image else {
            return false;
@@ -961,6 +1022,31 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(d.take_ready(), vec![("skins/def".to_owned(), vec![4])]);
    }

+    /// A cape fills the top half of a 64x64 slot; a larger one is scaled to 64x32.
+    #[test]
+    fn capes_fill_the_top_half_of_a_slot() {
+        let at = |x: usize, y: usize| (y * 64 + x) * 4;
+        let legacy = super::process_cape(22, 17, &[7; 22 * 17 * 4]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(legacy.len(), 64 * 64 * 4);
+        assert_eq!(legacy[at(21, 16)], 7);
+        assert_eq!(legacy[at(22, 16)], 0);
+        let mut hd = vec![0u8; 128 * 64 * 4];
+        hd[(62 * 128 + 126) * 4] = 9;
+        let hd = super::process_cape(128, 64, &hd).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(hd[at(63, 31)], 9);
+        assert_eq!(hd[at(0, 32)], 0);
+        assert!(super::process_cape(64, 32, &[0; 4]).is_none());
+        let textures = super::Textures {
+            cape: Some("http://textures.minecraft.net/texture/abc".into()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let cape = super::cape(&textures).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            cape["capes/".len()..],
+            super::skin_location("abc")["skins/".len()..]
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn profile_components_supply_unsigned_head_skins() {
        let value = "eyJ0ZXh0dXJlcyI6IHsiU0tJTiI6IHsidXJsIjogImh0dHBzOi8vdGV4dHVyZXMubWluZWNyYWZ0Lm5ldC90ZXh0dXJlL2FiYzEyMyJ9fX0=";
@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@
 //! instance's random.
 use horizon_core::random::RandomSource;
 use serde_json::Value;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, fs, path::Path};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    fs,
+    path::Path,
+};

 /// `SoundManager.EMPTY_SOUND_LOCATION`.
 pub const EMPTY: &str = "minecraft:empty";
@@ -224,6 +228,34 @@ fn parse_sound(v: &Value) -> Option<Sound> {
        sentinel: Sentinel::None,
    })
 }
+/// The files under a namespace's `sounds/`, as `sounds/<path>` with `/`.
+fn sound_files(namespace: &Path) -> HashSet<String> {
+    let mut files = HashSet::new();
+    let mut stack = vec![namespace.join("sounds")];
+    while let Some(dir) = stack.pop() {
+        let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(&dir) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        for e in entries.flatten() {
+            let path = e.path();
+            // The listing's own type; a link is followed, as `is_file` does.
+            let Ok(kind) = e.file_type() else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let (dir, file) = if kind.is_symlink() {
+                (path.is_dir(), path.is_file())
+            } else {
+                (kind.is_dir(), kind.is_file())
+            };
+            if dir {
+                stack.push(path);
+            } else if file && let Ok(rel) = path.strip_prefix(namespace) {
+                files.insert(rel.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    files
+}
 impl SoundRegistry {
    /// Every `assets/<namespace>/sounds.json` under a resource root, files
    /// validated against `assets/<namespace>/sounds/`.
@@ -236,13 +268,19 @@ impl SoundRegistry {
            .filter_map(|e| e.file_name().to_str().map(str::to_owned))
            .collect();
        namespaces.sort();
+        // Each namespace's sound files are listed once, as the resource manager
+        // lists a pack, instead of one file lookup per sound (thousands).
+        let files: HashMap<&str, HashSet<String>> = namespaces
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ns| (ns.as_str(), sound_files(&assets.join(ns))))
+            .collect();
+        let exists = |ns: &str, path: &str| files.get(ns).is_some_and(|f| f.contains(path));
        let mut registry = Self::default();
-        for namespace in namespaces {
-            let Ok(text) = fs::read(assets.join(&namespace).join("sounds.json")) else {
+        for namespace in &namespaces {
+            let Ok(text) = fs::read(assets.join(namespace).join("sounds.json")) else {
                continue;
            };
-            let exists = |ns: &str, path: &str| assets.join(ns).join(path).is_file();
-            registry.add_file(&namespace, &text, &exists);
+            registry.add_file(namespace, &text, &exists);
        }
        registry
    }
@@ -369,6 +407,24 @@ mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use horizon_core::random::LegacyRandom;

+    #[test]
+    fn load_keeps_the_sound_files_a_root_holds() {
+        let root = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-sounds-{}", std::process::id()));
+        let ns = root.join("assets/minecraft");
+        fs::create_dir_all(ns.join("sounds/block/note")).unwrap();
+        fs::write(ns.join("sounds/block/note/harp.ogg"), b"").unwrap();
+        fs::write(
+            ns.join("sounds.json"),
+            br#"{"note": {"sounds": ["block/note/harp", "block/note/gone"]}}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let r = SoundRegistry::load(&root);
+        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+        let sounds = &r.get("minecraft:note").unwrap().sounds;
+        let kept: Vec<&str> = sounds.iter().map(|s| s.location.as_str()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(kept, ["minecraft:block/note/harp"]);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn references_weigh_as_much_as_their_event() {
        let mut r = SoundRegistry::default();
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ struct Globals {
    outline_params: vec4<f32>,
    // Horizon Extras' dynamic lights: camera-relative position and level (dynamic_light.rs).
    dynamic_lights: array<vec4<f32>, 16>,
+    // The sunrise fan's 16 triangles (gfx/sunrise_fan.rs): xyz the apex weight's normal, w the
+    // triangle's volume with the camera; then each rim vertex's normal against the apex.
+    sunrise_fan: array<vec4<f32>, 32>,
 }
@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> globals: Globals;
@group(0) @binding(1) var sprites: texture_2d_array<f32>;
@@ -197,39 +200,26 @@ fn sky_fog(color: vec3<f32>, dist: vec2<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
    let f = max(linear_fog(dist.x, 0.0, end), linear_fog(dist.y, end, end));
    return mix(color, globals.fog_color.rgb, f * globals.fog_color.a);
 }
-fn rotate_x90(v: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> { return vec3(v.x, -v.z, v.y); }
-// Weight of the fan centre where the ray crosses the sunrise fan (0 when missed).
+// Weight of the fan centre where the ray crosses the sunrise fan (0 when missed):
+// Moller-Trumbore from the origin along d, over normals built once a frame
+// (gfx/sunrise_fan.rs). The barycentrics are apex/s, k1/s and -k0/s; s is -det.
 fn sunrise_weight(d: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
-    let alpha = globals.sunrise.a;
-    if alpha <= 0.001 { return 0.0; }
-    // sin(sunAngle) < 0 flips the fan to the other horizon; sun.z = -sin(sunAngle).
-    let flip = select(0.0, 180.0, -globals.sun.z < 0.0);
-    let theta = radians(flip + 90.0);
-    let c = cos(theta);
-    let s = sin(theta);
+    if globals.sunrise.a <= 0.001 { return 0.0; }
    var best = 0.0;
-    let apex = rotate_x90(vec3(-100.0 * s, 100.0 * c, 0.0));
+    var k0 = dot(d, globals.sunrise_fan[16].xyz);
    for (var i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-        let a0 = f32(i) * 2.0 * PI / 16.0;
-        let a1 = f32(i + 1) * 2.0 * PI / 16.0;
-        let l0 = vec3(sin(a0) * 120.0, cos(a0) * 120.0, -cos(a0) * 40.0 * alpha);
-        let l1 = vec3(sin(a1) * 120.0, cos(a1) * 120.0, -cos(a1) * 40.0 * alpha);
-        let r0 = rotate_x90(vec3(l0.x * c - l0.y * s, l0.x * s + l0.y * c, l0.z));
-        let r1 = rotate_x90(vec3(l1.x * c - l1.y * s, l1.x * s + l1.y * c, l1.z));
-        // Moller-Trumbore from the origin along d.
-        let e1 = r0 - apex;
-        let e2 = r1 - apex;
-        let pv = cross(d, e2);
-        let det = dot(e1, pv);
-        if abs(det) < 1e-6 { continue; }
-        let tv = -apex;
-        let u = dot(tv, pv) / det;
-        let qv = cross(tv, e1);
-        let v = dot(d, qv) / det;
-        let t = dot(e2, qv) / det;
-        if u >= 0.0 && v >= 0.0 && u + v <= 1.0 && t > 0.0 {
-            best = max(best, 1.0 - u - v);
+        let triangle = globals.sunrise_fan[i];
+        let k1 = dot(d, globals.sunrise_fan[16 + (i + 1) % 16].xyz);
+        // A hit needs s on the side of w, so k0 and k1 on either side of 0.
+        if k0 * triangle.w <= 0.0 && k1 * triangle.w >= 0.0 {
+            let apex = dot(d, triangle.xyz);
+            let s = apex + k1 - k0;
+            if abs(s) >= 1e-6 && s * triangle.w > 0.0 && apex * s >= 0.0 && k1 * s >= 0.0
+                && k0 * s <= 0.0 {
+                best = max(best, apex / s);
+            }
        }
+        k0 = k1;
    }
    return best;
 }
@@ -79,27 +79,31 @@ pub fn load_metadata(root: &Path) {
    }
    *NINE_SLICE.write().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()) = Some(map);
 }
-/// The sprite's nine-slice metadata; without any (no resources loaded), its
-/// GUI size and the widgets' usual borders.
-fn scaling(sprite: &str, r: &Rect) -> NineSlice {
+/// The sprite's nine-slice metadata, when its `.png.mcmeta` has any.
+fn nine_slice_metadata(sprite: &str) -> Option<NineSlice> {
    NINE_SLICE
        .read()
        .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|m| m.get(sprite).copied())
-        .unwrap_or(NineSlice {
-            width: r.w,
-            height: r.h,
-            border: match sprite {
-                "gui/sprites/widget/button"
-                | "gui/sprites/widget/button_highlighted"
-                | "gui/sprites/widget/button_disabled" => [3; 4],
-                "gui/sprites/widget/slider_handle"
-                | "gui/sprites/widget/slider_handle_highlighted" => [2, 2, 2, 3],
-                _ => [1; 4],
-            },
-            stretch_inner: false,
-        })
+}
+/// The sprite's nine-slice metadata; without any (no resources loaded), its
+/// GUI size and the widgets' usual borders.
+fn scaling(sprite: &str, r: &Rect) -> NineSlice {
+    nine_slice_metadata(sprite).unwrap_or(NineSlice {
+        width: r.w,
+        height: r.h,
+        border: match sprite {
+            "gui/sprites/widget/button"
+            | "gui/sprites/widget/button_highlighted"
+            | "gui/sprites/widget/button_disabled" => [3; 4],
+            "gui/sprites/widget/slider_handle" | "gui/sprites/widget/slider_handle_highlighted" => {
+                [2, 2, 2, 3]
+            }
+            _ => [1; 4],
+        },
+        stretch_inner: false,
+    })
 }
 /// The region `[x, y, w, h]` of a sprite `size` GUI pixels large, in its
 /// own units (`TextureAtlasSprite.getU(x / width)`).
@@ -152,6 +156,35 @@ pub fn nine_slice(
        draw_nine_slice(batch, *r, scaling(sprite, r), [x, y, w, h], color);
    }
 }
+/// `GuiGraphicsExtractor.blitSprite`: a sprite over `w` × `h` as its
+/// `gui.scaling` says, nine-sliced, or stretched when it has no metadata.
+/// (`tile`, which no vanilla sprite uses, isn't read yet: it stretches.)
+pub fn blit_sprite(
+    batch: &mut HudBatch,
+    atlas: &HudAtlas,
+    sprite: &str,
+    x: f32,
+    y: f32,
+    w: f32,
+    h: f32,
+    color: u32,
+) {
+    if let Some(r) = atlas.sprites.get(sprite) {
+        draw_sprite(batch, *r, nine_slice_metadata(sprite), [x, y, w, h], color);
+    }
+}
+fn draw_sprite(
+    batch: &mut HudBatch,
+    r: Rect,
+    nine_slice: Option<NineSlice>,
+    [x, y, w, h]: [f32; 4],
+    color: u32,
+) {
+    match nine_slice {
+        Some(n) => draw_nine_slice(batch, r, n, [x, y, w, h], color),
+        None => batch.rect_uv(x, y, w, h, r, color),
+    }
+}
 fn draw_nine_slice(
    batch: &mut HudBatch,
    r: Rect,
@@ -227,28 +260,33 @@ pub fn tiled(
    h: f32,
    size: f32,
    color: u32,
+) {
+    tiled_sized(batch, atlas, sprite, x, y, w, h, [size, size], color);
+}
+/// Repeat a texture using its width and height in GUI pixels.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+pub fn tiled_sized(
+    batch: &mut HudBatch,
+    atlas: &HudAtlas,
+    sprite: &str,
+    x: f32,
+    y: f32,
+    w: f32,
+    h: f32,
+    size: [f32; 2],
+    color: u32,
 ) {
    let Some(r) = atlas.sprites.get(sprite).copied() else {
        return;
    };
-    let mut yy = 0.0;
-    while yy < h {
-        let th = size.min(h - yy);
-        let mut xx = 0.0;
-        while xx < w {
-            let tw = size.min(w - xx);
-            batch.rect_uv(
-                x + xx,
-                y + yy,
-                tw,
-                th,
-                sub(r, [size, size], [0.0, 0.0, tw, th]),
-                color,
-            );
-            xx += size;
-        }
-        yy += size;
-    }
+    tile(
+        batch,
+        r,
+        size,
+        [0.0, 0.0, size[0], size[1]],
+        [x, y, w, h],
+        color,
+    );
 }
 /// Text drawn at `scale` times its size (a scaled pose).
 pub fn text_scaled(
@@ -434,7 +472,7 @@ pub fn separators(
        ("gui/header_separator", "gui/footer_separator")
    };
    let w = batch.width;
-    tiled(
+    tiled_sized(
        batch,
        atlas,
        header,
@@ -442,10 +480,10 @@ pub fn separators(
        header_bottom - 2.0,
        w,
        2.0,
-        32.0,
+        [32.0, 2.0],
        u32::MAX,
    );
-    tiled(
+    tiled_sized(
        batch,
        atlas,
        footer,
@@ -453,7 +491,7 @@ pub fn separators(
        footer_top,
        w,
        2.0,
-        32.0,
+        [32.0, 2.0],
        u32::MAX,
    );
 }
@@ -1291,6 +1329,22 @@ mod tests {
        parse_nine_slice(&serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap()).unwrap()
    }
    #[test]
+    fn separator_tiles_sample_both_rows_and_clip_the_last_column() {
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([640, 480]);
+        tile(
+            &mut batch,
+            sprite(32, 2),
+            [32.0, 2.0],
+            [0.0, 0.0, 32.0, 2.0],
+            [0.0, 5.0, 40.0, 2.0],
+            u32::MAX,
+        );
+        let q = quads(&batch);
+        assert_eq!(q.len(), 2);
+        assert_quad(q[0], ([0.0, 5.0, 32.0, 7.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]));
+        assert_quad(q[1], ([32.0, 5.0, 40.0, 7.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.25, 1.0]));
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn a_high_resolution_button_slices_in_its_gui_units() {
        // Faithful 32x's widget/button: 400x40 texels, gui.scaling 200x20.
        let n = faithful(
@@ -1357,6 +1411,40 @@ mod tests {
        assert_quad(q[0], ([4.0, 4.0, 54.0, 54.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]));
    }
    #[test]
+    fn blit_sprite_nine_slices_a_sprite_whose_metadata_says_so() {
+        // Vanilla's tooltip/frame: 100x100, border 10, stretched centre.
+        let n = faithful(
+            r#"{"gui":{"scaling":{"type":"nine_slice","width":100,"height":100,"border":10,"stretch_inner":true}}}"#,
+        );
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([640, 480]);
+        draw_sprite(
+            &mut batch,
+            sprite(100, 100),
+            Some(n),
+            [10.0, 10.0, 160.0, 26.0],
+            u32::MAX,
+        );
+        let q = quads(&batch);
+        assert_eq!(q.len(), 9);
+        // The corners keep their 10 pixels instead of stretching with the box.
+        assert_quad(q[0], ([10.0, 10.0, 20.0, 20.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1]));
+        assert_quad(q[5], ([160.0, 26.0, 170.0, 36.0], [0.9, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0]));
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn blit_sprite_stretches_a_sprite_without_metadata() {
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([640, 480]);
+        draw_sprite(
+            &mut batch,
+            sprite(9, 9),
+            None,
+            [0.0, 0.0, 27.0, 18.0],
+            u32::MAX,
+        );
+        let q = quads(&batch);
+        assert_eq!(q.len(), 1);
+        assert_quad(q[0], ([0.0, 0.0, 27.0, 18.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]));
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn borders_shrink_to_half_the_drawn_size() {
        let n = NineSlice {
            width: 20,
@@ -55,3 +55,79 @@ fn luma(c: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
    }
    return vec4(b, centre.a);
 }
+
+// TAA (`world_post.rs`): blend this frame into the history, reprojected from the
+// depth buffer through the camera's motion and clamped to this frame's 3x3
+// neighbourhood so that what moved or appeared does not ghost.
+struct Taa {
+    reproject: mat4x4<f32>,
+    // xy: this frame's jitter in clip space; z: 1 when the history is unusable.
+    jitter: vec4<f32>,
+};
+@group(0) @binding(2) var history: texture_2d<f32>;
+@group(0) @binding(3) var depth: texture_depth_2d;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<uniform> taa: Taa;
+
+// Catmull-Rom over the history in 5 bilinear taps: sharper than one under motion.
+fn sample_history(uv: vec2<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
+    let size = vec2<f32>(textureDimensions(history));
+    let pos = uv * size;
+    let centre = floor(pos - 0.5) + 0.5;
+    let f = pos - centre;
+    let w0 = f * (-0.5 + f * (1.0 - 0.5 * f));
+    let w1 = 1.0 + f * f * (-2.5 + 1.5 * f);
+    let w2 = f * (0.5 + f * (2.0 - 1.5 * f));
+    let w3 = f * f * (-0.5 + 0.5 * f);
+    let w12 = w1 + w2;
+    let t0 = (centre - 1.0) / size;
+    let t3 = (centre + 2.0) / size;
+    let t12 = (centre + w2 / w12) / size;
+    let c = textureSampleLevel(history, world_sampler, vec2(t12.x, t0.y), 0.0).rgb * (w12.x * w0.y)
+        + textureSampleLevel(history, world_sampler, vec2(t0.x, t12.y), 0.0).rgb * (w0.x * w12.y)
+        + textureSampleLevel(history, world_sampler, t12, 0.0).rgb * (w12.x * w12.y)
+        + textureSampleLevel(history, world_sampler, vec2(t3.x, t12.y), 0.0).rgb * (w3.x * w12.y)
+        + textureSampleLevel(history, world_sampler, vec2(t12.x, t3.y), 0.0).rgb * (w12.x * w3.y);
+    let weight = w12.x * w0.y + w0.x * w12.y + w12.x * w12.y + w3.x * w12.y + w12.x * w3.y;
+    return max(c / weight, vec3(0.0));
+}
+
+// It runs at the history's size, which upscaling makes larger than the world's.
+// The history is unjittered: each output pixel takes the world pixel whose
+// jittered sample lands nearest its centre, weighted by how near it lands.
+@fragment fn fs_taa(in: PostOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let size = vec2<f32>(textureDimensions(world));
+    // The jitter moved the scene by `jitter` in clip space: where this pixel's
+    // point was drawn, in world pixels.
+    let drawn = (in.uv + taa.jitter.xy * vec2(0.5, -0.5)) * size;
+    let last = vec2<i32>(size) - 1;
+    let p = clamp(vec2<i32>(floor(drawn)), vec2(0), last);
+    let centre = textureLoad(world, p, 0);
+    var lo = centre.rgb;
+    var hi = centre.rgb;
+    // Reversed depth: the nearest of the 3x3 is the largest, and its motion keeps
+    // the edges of what is in front from trailing.
+    var near = 0.0;
+    for (var y = -1; y <= 1; y++) {
+        for (var x = -1; x <= 1; x++) {
+            let q = clamp(p + vec2(x, y), vec2(0), last);
+            let c = textureLoad(world, q, 0).rgb;
+            lo = min(lo, c);
+            hi = max(hi, c);
+            near = max(near, textureLoad(depth, q, 0));
+        }
+    }
+    let ndc = vec2(in.uv.x * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0 - in.uv.y * 2.0);
+    let previous = taa.reproject * vec4(ndc, near, 1.0);
+    let uv = vec2(0.5, -0.5) * previous.xy / previous.w + 0.5;
+    if taa.jitter.z > 0.0 || any(uv != clamp(uv, vec2(0.0), vec2(1.0))) {
+        return vec4(centre.rgb, centre.a);
+    }
+    let past = clamp(sample_history(uv), lo, hi);
+    // How far the sample landed from this pixel's centre, in output pixels: a
+    // Gaussian of it scales the new frame's share, so that frames whose sample
+    // fell far away (most of them when upscaling) barely move the pixel.
+    let off = (drawn - (vec2<f32>(p) + 0.5)) * vec2<f32>(textureDimensions(history)) / size;
+    let share = 0.1 * exp(-2.0 * dot(off, off));
+    // The alpha carries the emissive mark through to HDR output (hdr.wgsl).
+    return vec4(mix(past, centre.rgb, share), centre.a);
+}
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ fn avatar(c: &Value, out: &mut impl Write) -> Result<()> {
    for op in c["ops"].as_array().unwrap() {
        let name = op[0].as_str().unwrap();
        match name {
-            "tick" => state.tick(),
+            "tick" => state.tick([0.0; 3]),
            "move" => state.add_walked(fl(&op[1]), fl(&op[2])),
            "bob" => state.update_bob(b(&op[1]) && !b(&op[2]) && !b(&op[3]), vec3(&op[4])),
            "reset" => state.reset_bob(),
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//! Double chests for tools/test_chest_pair_parity.py: reads one JSON case per
+//! line (see VanillaChestPairOracle), a chest's block state at the origin and
+//! another block state at the offset "at", and prints what
+//! `horizon_client::containers::ChestHalf` pairs them into, as the game's
+//! menus and hoppers do: "double" with the right half's x,z then the left
+//! half's, or "single".
+//!
+//! usage: chest_pair_fixture INPUT OUTPUT
+use horizon_client::containers::{ChestHalf, is_chest_block};
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::fs;
+
+/// `minecraft:chest[facing=north,type=left]` as its name and properties.
+fn parse(state: &str) -> Option<(&str, BTreeMap<&str, &str>)> {
+    let (name, props) = match state.split_once('[') {
+        Some((name, rest)) => (name, rest.strip_suffix(']')?),
+        None => (state, ""),
+    };
+    let props = props
+        .split(',')
+        .filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
+        .map(|p| p.split_once('='))
+        .collect::<Option<_>>()?;
+    Some((name, props))
+}
+
+fn half<'a>(name: &'a str, props: &BTreeMap<&str, &'a str>) -> Option<ChestHalf<'a>> {
+    Some(ChestHalf {
+        block: name,
+        kind: props.get("type")?,
+        facing: props.get("facing")?,
+    })
+}
+
+fn case(line: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let case: Value = serde_json::from_str(line).ok()?;
+    let (name, props) = parse(case["state"].as_str()?)?;
+    let (other_name, other_props) = parse(case["other"].as_str()?)?;
+    let at = (
+        i32::try_from(case["at"][0].as_i64()?).ok()?,
+        i32::try_from(case["at"][1].as_i64()?).ok()?,
+    );
+    if !is_chest_block(name) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let own = half(name, &props)?;
+    let paired = own.connected_step() == Some(at)
+        && half(other_name, &other_props).is_some_and(|other| own.pairs_with(&other));
+    Some(if !paired {
+        "single".to_owned()
+    } else if own.kind == "right" {
+        format!("double 0,0 {},{}", at.0, at.1)
+    } else {
+        format!("double {},{} 0,0", at.0, at.1)
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = crate::args().collect();
+    let input = fs::read_to_string(
+        args.get(1)
+            .ok_or("usage: chest_pair_fixture INPUT OUTPUT")?,
+    )?;
+    let lines: Vec<String> = input
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| case(line).unwrap_or_else(|| "error".to_owned()))
+        .collect();
+    fs::write(
+        args.get(2).ok_or("missing OUTPUT")?,
+        lines.join("\n") + "\n",
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//! Container menu titles for tools/test_container_title_parity.py: reads one
+//! JSON case per line (see VanillaContainerTitleOracle) and prints the title
+//! the server opens the container's menu with, as canonical NBT. A single
+//! block entity is placed as the game places it (`block_entity_item::place`,
+//! whose `CustomName` the game keeps in `World::block_names`), then named by
+//! `containers::display_name`; a double chest's halves by
+//! `containers::double_chest_name`.
+//!
+//! usage: container_title_fixture INPUT OUTPUT
+use horizon_client::block_entity_item::place;
+use horizon_client::block_entity_nbt::canonical;
+use horizon_client::containers::{default_name_key, display_name, double_chest_name};
+use horizon_client::save::text;
+use horizon_world::nbt::{Tag, parse_snbt};
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::fs;
+
+/// ParityData.canon of a text component: sorted keys.
+fn canon(tag: &Tag, out: &mut String) {
+    match tag {
+        Tag::Compound(map) => {
+            let mut keys: Vec<_> = map.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string_lossy(), v)).collect();
+            keys.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+            out.push('{');
+            for (i, (k, v)) in keys.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                if i > 0 {
+                    out.push(',');
+                }
+                out.push_str(&k);
+                out.push(':');
+                canon(v, out);
+            }
+            out.push('}');
+        }
+        Tag::List(items) => {
+            out.push('[');
+            for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
+                if i > 0 {
+                    out.push(',');
+                }
+                canon(item, out);
+            }
+            out.push(']');
+        }
+        other => out.push_str(&horizon_client::item_data::canon_tag(other)),
+    }
+}
+
+fn snbt(value: &Value) -> Option<Tag> {
+    parse_snbt(value.as_str()?).ok().map(|(tag, _)| tag)
+}
+
+/// The custom name the game keeps for a block entity saved as `value`.
+fn custom_name(value: &Value) -> Option<Option<String>> {
+    let saved = canonical(&snbt(value)?)?;
+    Some(text(saved.get("CustomName")))
+}
+
+fn case(line: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let case: Value = serde_json::from_str(line).ok()?;
+    let title = if let Some(first) = case.get("first") {
+        let first = custom_name(first)?;
+        let second = custom_name(&case["second"])?;
+        double_chest_name(first.as_deref(), second.as_deref())
+    } else {
+        let saved = canonical(&snbt(&case["nbt"])?)?;
+        // BlockItem.updateBlockEntityComponents, as Game::apply_placed_item runs it.
+        let placed = match case.get("patch") {
+            Some(p) => match snbt(p)? {
+                Tag::Compound(patch) => place(&saved, &patch, true),
+                _ => return None,
+            },
+            None => saved,
+        };
+        let key = default_name_key(case["block"].as_str()?)?;
+        display_name(text(placed.get("CustomName")).as_deref(), key)
+    };
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    canon(&title, &mut out);
+    Some(out)
+}
+
+pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = crate::args().collect();
+    let input = fs::read_to_string(
+        args.get(1)
+            .ok_or("usage: container_title_fixture INPUT OUTPUT")?,
+    )?;
+    let lines: Vec<String> = input
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| case(line).unwrap_or_else(|| "error".to_owned()))
+        .collect();
+    fs::write(
+        args.get(2).ok_or("missing OUTPUT")?,
+        lines.join("\n") + "\n",
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ mod breaking_fixture;
 mod camera_probe;
 mod cauldron_fixture;
 mod chat_screen_fixture;
+mod chest_pair_fixture;
 mod cloud_fixture;
 mod command_parse_fixture;
 mod container_screen_probe;
+mod container_title_fixture;
 mod creative_mining_probe;
 mod creative_search_fixture;
 mod cushion_placement_probe;
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ mod subtitle_fixture;
 mod tab_list_fixture;
 mod team_rules_fixture;
 mod text_display_fixture;
+mod text_display_render_fixture;
 mod toggle_keys_probe;
 mod tooltip_display_fixture;
 mod trading_fixture;
@@ -115,9 +118,11 @@ probes! {
    cushion_placement_probe,
    cauldron_fixture,
    chat_screen_fixture,
+    chest_pair_fixture,
    cloud_fixture,
    command_parse_fixture,
    container_screen_probe,
+    container_title_fixture,
    creative_search_fixture,
    emitter_particles_probe,
    enchanting_fixture,
@@ -180,6 +185,7 @@ probes! {
    toggle_keys_probe,
    tooltip_display_fixture,
    text_display_fixture,
+    text_display_render_fixture,
    trading_fixture,
    translucency_fixture,
    weather_fixture,
@@ -67,8 +67,9 @@ struct Scenario {
    /// The player hits a mob for 1 at the start of a tick: (tick, mob index).
    hurts: Vec<(i32, usize)>,
    /// The player feeds an animal at the start of a tick (Animal.mobInteract):
-    /// (tick, mob index); the scenario only feeds each animal its food.
-    feeds: Vec<(i32, usize)>,
+    /// (tick, mob index, None); the scenario only feeds each animal its food.
+    /// `interact` uses another item on a horse: (tick, mob index, Some(item)).
+    feeds: Vec<(i32, usize, Option<String>)>,
    hand: Option<String>,
    mobs: Vec<MobSpec>,
 }
@@ -108,7 +109,14 @@ fn parse(text: &str) -> Vec<Scenario> {
            }
            "heart" => s.hearts.push(f.iter().map(|x| (*x).to_owned()).collect()),
            "hurt" => s.hurts.push((f[1].parse().unwrap(), f[2].parse().unwrap())),
-            "feed" => s.feeds.push((f[1].parse().unwrap(), f[2].parse().unwrap())),
+            "feed" => s
+                .feeds
+                .push((f[1].parse().unwrap(), f[2].parse().unwrap(), None)),
+            "interact" => s.feeds.push((
+                f[1].parse().unwrap(),
+                f[2].parse().unwrap(),
+                Some(f[3].to_owned()),
+            )),
            "player" => {
                s.player = Some([
                    f[1].parse().unwrap(),
@@ -1209,10 +1217,22 @@ pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
                }
                events.append(&mut mobs[i].outbox);
            }
-            for &(tick, i) in &s.feeds {
+            for (tick, i, item) in &s.feeds {
+                let (tick, i) = (*tick, *i);
                if tick != t || i >= mobs.len() || mobs[i].removed {
                    continue;
                }
+                // Horse.mobInteract's held-item branch (makeMad).
+                if let Some(item) = item {
+                    horizon_client::mobs::equine::held_item(
+                        &mut mobs[i],
+                        item,
+                        false,
+                        item == "minecraft:golden_dandelion",
+                        &mut events,
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
                if let Some(Some((name, volume, pitch))) =
                    horizon_client::mobs::ai::feed_animal(&mut mobs[i], &mut level_random)
                {
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//! A text display's text for differential tests against vanilla's
+//! `TextDisplayRenderer.submitInner` (tools/test_text_display_render_parity.py):
+//! decodes each case's entity data from vanilla's wire bytes, lays the text out
+//! with `horizon_client::text_display` and prints the pose and every quad in
+//! text units [x, y, z, ARGB], as VanillaTextDisplayRenderOracle does.
+//!
+//! usage: text_display_render_fixture RESOURCES INPUTS OUTPUT
+use horizon_client::{
+    hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
+    hud_layout::background_color,
+    text_display::{self, Lines, TextDisplayData},
+};
+use horizon_protocol::{ids, packets::play::Clientbound};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use std::{error::Error, io::Write};
+
+pub fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = crate::args().collect();
+    let [_, resources, inputs, output] = args.as_slice() else {
+        return Err("usage: text_display_render_fixture RESOURCES INPUTS OUTPUT".into());
+    };
+    let atlas = HudAtlas::build(std::path::Path::new(resources))?;
+    let mut out = std::io::BufWriter::new(std::fs::File::create(output)?);
+    for line in std::fs::read_to_string(inputs)?.lines() {
+        let input: Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+        let hex = input["wire"].as_str().unwrap_or_default();
+        let bytes: Vec<u8> = (0..hex.len())
+            .step_by(2)
+            .map(|i| u8::from_str_radix(&hex[i..i + 2], 16))
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+        let Clientbound::SetEntityData(packet) =
+            Clientbound::decode(ids::play::clientbound::SET_ENTITY_DATA, &bytes)?
+        else {
+            return Err("not entity data".into());
+        };
+        let mut d = TextDisplayData::default();
+        d.apply(&packet.values);
+        let lines = Lines::split(&atlas.font, &d.text, d.line_width);
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([1, 1]);
+        let default_background = background_color(
+            input["chat_only"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false),
+            input["background_opacity"].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0),
+            0.25,
+        );
+        text_display::draw(&mut batch, &atlas, &d, &lines, default_background);
+        let quads: Vec<Value> = batch
+            .vertices
+            .as_chunks::<6>()
+            .0
+            .iter()
+            .map(|q| {
+                let corners: Vec<Value> = [0, 1, 2, 5]
+                    .map(|i| {
+                        let v = q[i];
+                        let [r, g, b, a] = v.color.to_le_bytes().map(u32::from);
+                        let argb = (a << 24 | r << 16 | g << 8 | b) as i32;
+                        json!([v.pos[0], v.pos[1], v.depth, argb])
+                    })
+                    .into();
+                corners.into()
+            })
+            .collect();
+        writeln!(
+            out,
+            "{}",
+            json!({"pose": lines.pose().to_cols_array(), "quads": quads})
+        )?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -527,6 +527,53 @@ impl Creative {
    pub fn scroller_offset(&self) -> f32 {
        ((Self::SCROLL_HEIGHT - 17.0) * self.scroll) as i32 as f32
    }
+    /// The tabs whose `CreativeModeTab.contains(stack)` holds, in
+    /// `CreativeModeTabs.tabs()` order, the search tab left out: the stack is
+    /// among the tab's search-tab items, by item and components. The export
+    /// lists each tab's own items; the search tab's stacks that no tab shows
+    /// (the enchanted books below their top level, `SEARCH_TAB_ONLY`) belong
+    /// to the tabs that show their item.
+    pub fn tabs_containing(&self, stack: &ItemStack) -> Vec<usize> {
+        let category = |t: &Tab| !t.search && !t.inventory;
+        let tabs_where = |shows: &dyn Fn(&ItemStack) -> bool| -> Vec<usize> {
+            (0..self.tabs.len())
+                .filter(|&i| category(&self.tabs[i]) && self.tabs[i].items.iter().any(shows))
+                .collect()
+        };
+        let found = tabs_where(&|s| same_components(s, stack));
+        if found.is_empty() && self.search_items.iter().any(|s| same_components(s, stack)) {
+            return tabs_where(&|s| s.item == stack.item);
+        }
+        found
+    }
+    /// The `#namespace:path` lines `getTooltipFromContainerItem` adds for a
+    /// search tab stack while the search is a `#` query: the item tags
+    /// `updateVisibleTags` keeps for the text after `#` (the path contains it;
+    /// with a colon, the namespace and the path each contain their part) that
+    /// the stack has.
+    pub fn search_tag_lines(&self, stack: &ItemStack) -> Vec<String> {
+        let Some(text) = self.search.value.strip_prefix('#') else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        let Some(entry) = self
+            .search_items
+            .iter()
+            .position(|s| same_components(s, stack))
+            .and_then(|i| self.search_index.get(i))
+        else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        let visible = |(ns, path): &(String, String)| match text.split_once(':') {
+            None => path.contains(text),
+            Some((n, p)) => ns.contains(java_trim(n)) && path.contains(java_trim(p)),
+        };
+        entry
+            .tags
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|t| visible(t))
+            .map(|(ns, path)| format!("#{ns}:{path}"))
+            .collect()
+    }
    /// Tab button position relative to the screen origin (CreativeModeInventoryScreen.getTabX/Y).
    pub fn tab_position(tab: &Tab) -> (f32, f32) {
        let mut x = tab.column as f32 * 27.0;
@@ -543,6 +590,21 @@ impl Creative {
 fn any<'a>(strings: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>, text: &str) -> bool {
    strings.into_iter().any(|s| s.contains(text))
 }
+/// `ItemStack.isSameItemSameComponents`, the count left out, as the
+/// tabs' `ItemStackLinkedSet` compares: no components and empty ones match.
+fn same_components(a: &ItemStack, b: &ItemStack) -> bool {
+    let none = crate::item_data::StackData::default();
+    a.item == b.item
+        && a.damage == b.damage
+        && a.data().unwrap_or(&none) == b.data().unwrap_or(&none)
+}
+/// `CreativeModeInventoryScreen.getTooltipFromContainerItem`: the plain
+/// tooltip only for a category tab's own grid slots (`CustomCreativeSlot`);
+/// everywhere else in the screen the tab names (and, on the search tab's
+/// grid, the tag lines) follow the item's name.
+pub fn tooltip_lists_tabs(category_tab: bool, grid_slot: bool) -> bool {
+    !(category_tab && grid_slot)
+}
 /// String.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).
 fn java_lower(s: &str) -> String {
    s.to_lowercase()
@@ -690,6 +752,109 @@ mod tests {
        (carried, effect)
    }

+    /// Tabs as the export lists them: two block tabs sharing the oak log,
+    /// ingredients with the top-level book only, the search tab with every
+    /// stack (a level 1 book only there) and its tags, the inventory.
+    fn tooltip_tabs() -> Creative {
+        let book = |level: u8| {
+            format!(
+                r#"{{components:{{"minecraft:stored_enchantments":{{"minecraft:sharpness":{level}}}}},count:1,id:"minecraft:enchanted_book"}}"#
+            )
+        };
+        let log = r#"{count:1,id:"minecraft:oak_log"}"#;
+        let dirt = r#"{count:1,id:"minecraft:dirt"}"#;
+        let tab = |id: &str, kind: &str, items: Vec<String>| serde_json::json!({"id": id, "type": kind, "title": id, "icon": log, "items": items});
+        let mut search = tab(
+            "minecraft:search",
+            "SEARCH",
+            vec![log.into(), dirt.into(), book(1), book(5)],
+        );
+        search["lines"] = serde_json::json!([[], [], [], []]);
+        search["tags"] = serde_json::json!([
+            [
+                "minecraft:logs",
+                "minecraft:oak_logs",
+                "minecraft:logs_that_burn"
+            ],
+            ["minecraft:dirt"],
+            [],
+            []
+        ]);
+        Creative::from_json(&serde_json::json!({"tabs": [
+            tab("minecraft:building_blocks", "CATEGORY", vec![log.into()]),
+            tab("minecraft:natural_blocks", "CATEGORY", vec![log.into(), dirt.into()]),
+            tab("minecraft:hotbar", "HOTBAR", vec![]),
+            search,
+            tab("minecraft:ingredients", "CATEGORY", vec![book(5)]),
+            tab("minecraft:inventory", "INVENTORY", vec![]),
+        ]}))
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tooltip_lists_the_tabs_that_contain_the_stack() {
+        let c = tooltip_tabs();
+        let ids = |s: &ItemStack| -> Vec<&str> {
+            c.tabs_containing(s)
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|i| c.tabs[i].id.as_str())
+                .collect()
+        };
+        // In tab order, the search and inventory tabs left out; the count
+        // doesn't matter.
+        assert_eq!(
+            ids(&stack("oak_log", 37)),
+            ["minecraft:building_blocks", "minecraft:natural_blocks"]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(ids(&stack("dirt", 1)), ["minecraft:natural_blocks"]);
+        // A stack no tab holds: other components, or no creative item.
+        let mut damaged = stack("oak_log", 1);
+        damaged.damage = 3;
+        assert!(ids(&damaged).is_empty());
+        assert!(ids(&stack("barrier", 1)).is_empty());
+        // A level 1 book is a search-tab-only stack of the ingredients tab.
+        let books: Vec<&ItemStack> = c
+            .search_items()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|s| &*s.item == "minecraft:enchanted_book")
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(ids(books[0]), ["minecraft:ingredients"]);
+        assert_eq!(ids(books[1]), ["minecraft:ingredients"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tooltip_tab_names_skip_only_a_category_tab_grid() {
+        assert!(!tooltip_lists_tabs(true, true));
+        // The hotbar row of a category tab, the search tab's grid and hotbar,
+        // the inventory tab.
+        assert!(tooltip_lists_tabs(true, false));
+        assert!(tooltip_lists_tabs(false, true));
+        assert!(tooltip_lists_tabs(false, false));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tag_search_lists_the_matching_tags_of_the_stack() {
+        let mut c = tooltip_tabs();
+        let log = stack("oak_log", 1);
+        assert!(c.search_tag_lines(&log).is_empty());
+        c.search.set_value("logs");
+        assert!(c.search_tag_lines(&log).is_empty());
+        c.search.set_value("#logs");
+        assert_eq!(
+            c.search_tag_lines(&log),
+            [
+                "#minecraft:logs",
+                "#minecraft:oak_logs",
+                "#minecraft:logs_that_burn"
+            ]
+        );
+        c.search.set_value("#oak");
+        assert_eq!(c.search_tag_lines(&log), ["#minecraft:oak_logs"]);
+        c.search.set_value("#mine : burn");
+        assert_eq!(c.search_tag_lines(&log), ["#minecraft:logs_that_burn"]);
+        assert!(c.search_tag_lines(&stack("dirt", 1)).is_empty());
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn search_tab_number_keys_swap_over_a_slot_before_typing() {
        let filled = Hover::Display { filled: true };
@@ -152,6 +152,14 @@ impl DebugCharts {
        }
        self.packet_tick = (self.packet_tick + 1) % 20;
    }
+    /// Whether `draw` (or the lightmap view) puts something in the bottom
+    /// left and the bottom right corner, for a `remote` server or not.
+    pub fn corners(&self, remote: bool) -> [bool; 2] {
+        [
+            self.fps || (self.network && remote),
+            (self.fps && !self.tick_times.is_empty()) || self.network || self.lightmap,
+        ]
+    }
    /// The charts along the bottom of the screen (`extractRenderState`):
    /// frame times left and tick times right, or bandwidth left (remote
    /// servers only) and ping right. `mspt` is the level's milliseconds
@@ -525,6 +533,26 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(overlay && c.fps);
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn corners_are_where_the_charts_are_drawn() {
+        let mut c = DebugCharts::default();
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(true), [false, false]);
+        // Frame times left; tick times right once the server logged a tick.
+        c.fps = true;
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(false), [true, false]);
+        c.tick_times.log(1);
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(false), [true, true]);
+        // Ping right; bandwidth left on a remote server only.
+        c.fps = false;
+        c.network = true;
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(false), [false, true]);
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(true), [true, true]);
+        // The lightmap view, bottom right.
+        c.network = false;
+        c.lightmap = true;
+        assert_eq!(c.corners(true), [false, true]);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn the_lightmap_puts_full_sky_light_at_the_top_left() {
        let mut pixels = [0u8; 16 * 16 * 4];
@@ -953,7 +953,20 @@ pub fn mob_from_nbt(tag: &Tag, types: &HashMap<String, Arc<MobType>>, id: u32) -
                continue;
            };
            let v = f64::from_bits(*bits);
+            // A mount's rolled health and speed stay attribute bases, which
+            // the server syncs (its hearts over the rider's hotbar).
+            let equine = crate::mobs::equine::is_equine(m.species());
            match id.as_str() {
+                "minecraft:max_health" if equine => crate::mobs::finalize::set_base(
+                    &mut m,
+                    crate::mobs::finalize::Attr::MaxHealth,
+                    v,
+                ),
+                "minecraft:movement_speed" if equine => crate::mobs::finalize::set_base(
+                    &mut m,
+                    crate::mobs::finalize::Attr::MovementSpeed,
+                    v,
+                ),
                "minecraft:max_health" => m.attrs.max_health = v as f32,
                "minecraft:movement_speed" => m.attrs.speed = v,
                "minecraft:attack_damage" => m.attrs.attack_damage = v as f32,
@@ -1692,6 +1705,33 @@ pub fn fireball_from_nbt(tag: &Tag, player: Option<[i32; 4]>) -> Option<Projecti
    Some(p)
 }

+/// `FireworkRocketEntity.readAdditionalSaveData`: Life, LifeTime (0 when
+/// absent: a bare `/summon` explodes at once), FireworksItem and
+/// ShotAtAngle, with `Projectile`'s Owner and LeftOwner.
+pub struct RocketNbt {
+    pub position: Vec3,
+    pub motion: Vec3,
+    pub life: i32,
+    pub lifetime: i32,
+    pub item: Option<crate::items::ItemStack>,
+    pub angled: bool,
+    pub owner: Option<Who>,
+    pub left_owner: bool,
+}
+pub fn firework_rocket_from_nbt(tag: &Tag, player: Option<[i32; 4]>) -> Option<RocketNbt> {
+    let owner = uuid_from_tag(tag.get("Owner"));
+    Some(RocketNbt {
+        position: position(tag)?,
+        motion: motion(tag),
+        life: number(tag.get("Life")).unwrap_or(0) as i32,
+        lifetime: number(tag.get("LifeTime")).unwrap_or(0) as i32,
+        item: tag.get("FireworksItem").and_then(item_from_nbt),
+        angled: flag(tag, "ShotAtAngle"),
+        owner: (player.is_some() && owner == player).then_some(Who::Player),
+        left_owner: flag(tag, "LeftOwner"),
+    })
+}
+
 /// `FallingBlockEntity`: BlockState, Time, DropItem, HurtEntities.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn falling_block_to_nbt(
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum ItemPose {
    Swing,
+    /// A STAB swing (`SwingAnimationType` 2): a spear's jab.
+    Stab,
    Using,
    Eat {
        remaining: f32,
@@ -86,6 +88,9 @@ pub fn item_pose(left: bool, inverse_height: f32, attack: f32, pose: ItemPose) -
        return Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(invert * 0.56, -0.52, -0.72))
            * crate::spear::first_person_use(&kinetic, ticks_since_hit, time_held, !left);
    }
+    if matches!(pose, ItemPose::Stab) {
+        return m * crate::spear::first_person_attack(attack, !left);
+    }
    if matches!(pose, ItemPose::SpinAttack) {
        return m
            * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(invert * -0.4, 0.8, 0.3))
@@ -172,8 +177,94 @@ impl MapHold {
    }
 }

+/// `renderPlayerArm` up to `renderPlayerHand`: the pose of the bare `left`
+/// or right arm.
+pub fn player_arm_pose(left: bool, inverse_height: f32, attack: f32) -> glam::Mat4 {
+    use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+    use horizon_core::geometry::trig::Mth;
+    let f = if left { -1.0 } else { 1.0 };
+    let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;
+    let root = attack.sqrt();
+    let x = -0.3 * (root * pi).msin();
+    let y = 0.4 * (root * std::f32::consts::TAU).msin();
+    let z = -0.4 * (attack * pi).msin();
+    let z_rot = (attack * attack * pi).msin();
+    let y_rot = (root * pi).msin();
+    let deg = |d: f32| d.to_radians();
+    Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(
+        f * (x + 0.640_000_05),
+        y - 0.6 + inverse_height * -0.6,
+        z + -0.719_999_97,
+    )) * Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(f * 45.0))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(f * y_rot * 70.0))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(f * z_rot * -20.0))
+        * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(-f, 3.6, 3.5))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(f * 120.0))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_x(deg(200.0))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(f * -135.0))
+        * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(f * 5.6, 0.0, 0.0))
+}
+
+/// `renderTwoHandedMap` up to its arms: the swing, the tilt from the view
+/// pitch (`calculateMapTilt`) and the turn towards the player.
+pub fn two_handed_map_base(pitch: f32, inverse_height: f32, attack: f32) -> glam::Mat4 {
+    use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+    use horizon_core::geometry::trig::Mth;
+    let pi = std::f32::consts::PI;
+    let y_swing = -0.2 * (attack * pi).msin();
+    let z_swing = -0.4 * (attack.sqrt() * pi).msin();
+    let tilt = (1.0 - pitch / 45.0 + 0.1).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let tilt = -(tilt * pi).mcos() * 0.5 + 0.5;
+    Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, -y_swing / 2.0, z_swing))
+        * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(
+            0.0,
+            0.04 + inverse_height * -1.2 + tilt * -0.5,
+            -0.72,
+        ))
+        * Mat4::from_rotation_x((tilt * -85.0).to_radians())
+}
+
+/// The arms under a held map, as (left arm, pose before `renderPlayerHand`):
+/// `renderOneHandedMap`'s arm turned 10 degrees outwards, or
+/// `renderTwoHandedMap`'s two `renderMapHand` arms under the map's
+/// `two_handed_map_base`. Vanilla skips them for an invisible player.
+pub fn map_arm_poses(
+    hold: MapHold,
+    left: bool,
+    pitch: f32,
+    inverse_height: f32,
+    attack: f32,
+) -> Vec<(bool, glam::Mat4)> {
+    use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+    let deg = |d: f32| d.to_radians();
+    match hold {
+        MapHold::OneHanded => {
+            let f = if left { -1.0 } else { 1.0 };
+            let m = Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(f * 0.125, -0.125, 0.0))
+                * Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(f * 10.0))
+                * player_arm_pose(left, inverse_height, attack);
+            vec![(left, m)]
+        }
+        MapHold::TwoHanded => {
+            let base = two_handed_map_base(pitch, inverse_height, attack)
+                * Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(90.0));
+            [false, true]
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|left| {
+                    let f = if left { -1.0 } else { 1.0 };
+                    let hand = Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(92.0))
+                        * Mat4::from_rotation_x(deg(45.0))
+                        * Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(f * -41.0))
+                        * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(f * 0.3, -1.1, 0.45));
+                    (left, base * hand)
+                })
+                .collect()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// `renderOneHandedMap` up to `renderMap`: the pose of a map in the hand on
-/// the `left` or right arm (the arm under it is not drawn).
+/// the `left` or right arm (its arm: [`map_arm_poses`]).
 pub fn one_handed_map_pose(left: bool, inverse_height: f32, attack: f32) -> glam::Mat4 {
    use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
    use horizon_core::geometry::trig::Mth;
@@ -945,6 +1036,83 @@ mod item_pose_tests {
        }
    }
    #[test]
+    fn maps_draw_the_arms_under_them_as_vanilla() {
+        // PoseStack.last().pose() (column-major) where renderOneHandedMap's
+        // renderPlayerArm and renderTwoHandedMap's renderMapHand call
+        // renderPlayerHand, replayed with vanilla's PoseStack, Axis and Mth.
+        let near = |got: glam::Mat4, want: [f32; 16], what: &str| {
+            let got = got.to_cols_array();
+            for (g, w) in got.iter().zip(want) {
+                assert!((g - w).abs() < 1e-5, "{what}: {got:?}");
+            }
+        };
+        // (left, inverse height, attack, arm)
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let one: [(bool, f32, f32, [f32; 16]); 3] = [
+            (false, 0.0, 0.0, [
+                -0.2350201, -0.7860474, -0.5717472, 0.0,
+                0.24694103, 0.52063686, -0.8172866, 0.0,
+                0.9400987, -0.33326668, 0.07174723, 0.0,
+                0.65913033, -1.1543381, -0.73980355, 1.0,
+            ]),
+            (true, 0.25, 0.3, [
+                -0.4967606, 0.84289914, -0.20676011, 0.0,
+                0.7202682, 0.2674863, -0.6400506, 0.0,
+                -0.4841926, -0.46687466, -0.7399901, 0.0,
+                -0.59715486, -1.4160433, -0.7328731, 1.0,
+            ]),
+            (false, 0.6, 0.85, [
+                -0.47358897, -0.8403256, -0.2637542, 0.0,
+                0.081554025, 0.25634, -0.96313995, 0.0,
+                0.87696207, -0.47764266, -0.052867785, 0.0,
+                0.61887383, -1.6482887, -0.7229744, 1.0,
+            ]),
+        ];
+        for (left, inverse_height, attack, want) in one {
+            let arms = map_arm_poses(MapHold::OneHanded, left, 0.0, inverse_height, attack);
+            assert_eq!(arms.len(), 1, "one arm under a one-handed map");
+            assert_eq!(arms[0].0, left, "the arm of the hand holding it");
+            near(
+                arms[0].1,
+                want,
+                &format!("one {left} {inverse_height} {attack}"),
+            );
+        }
+        // (pitch, inverse height, attack, right arm, left arm)
+        #[rustfmt::skip]
+        let two: [(f32, f32, f32, [f32; 16], [f32; 16]); 2] = [
+            (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, [
+                -0.7380599, 0.44766384, 0.50484115, 0.0,
+                -0.67428374, -0.46198538, -0.57611704, 0.0,
+                -0.024677532, -0.76561517, 0.64282537, 0.0,
+                0.5091893, -0.16204369, 0.3544525, 1.0,
+            ], [
+                -0.77043974, -0.3951866, -0.50025004, 0.0,
+                0.637035, -0.5076031, -0.58010805, 0.0,
+                -0.024677532, -0.76561517, 0.64282537, 0.0,
+                -0.48071152, -0.12760738, 0.35746527, 1.0,
+            ]),
+            (30.0, 0.2, 0.5, [
+                -0.7380599, -0.11453738, 0.6649426, 0.0,
+                -0.67428374, 0.16124588, -0.72065324, 0.0,
+                -0.024677532, -0.98024535, -0.1962398, 0.0,
+                0.5091893, -0.9508533, -0.13439482, 1.0,
+            ], [
+                -0.77043974, 0.14373614, -0.6210978, 0.0,
+                0.637035, 0.13586378, -0.75876695, 0.0,
+                -0.024677532, -0.98024535, -0.1962398, 0.0,
+                -0.48071152, -0.9316926, -0.1056232, 1.0,
+            ]),
+        ];
+        for (pitch, inverse_height, attack, right, left) in two {
+            let arms = map_arm_poses(MapHold::TwoHanded, false, pitch, inverse_height, attack);
+            assert_eq!(arms.len(), 2, "both arms under a two-handed map");
+            assert_eq!((arms[0].0, arms[1].0), (false, true), "right, then left");
+            near(arms[0].1, right, &format!("two right {pitch}"));
+            near(arms[1].1, left, &format!("two left {pitch}"));
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn ranged_draw_uses_native_charge_curves_and_caps() {
        for (ticks, stretch) in [
            (0.0, 1.0),
@@ -1200,9 +1200,10 @@ struct WorldRest {
    nether_environment: Environment,
    end_environment: Environment,
    behaviours: Behaviours,
-    player_arm: Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>,
-    /// The slim model's right arm (3 pixels wide).
-    player_arm_slim: Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>,
+    /// The player model's right and left arms.
+    player_arm: [Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>; 2],
+    /// The slim model's right and left arms (3 pixels wide).
+    player_arm_slim: [Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>; 2],
    player_type: Option<Arc<horizon_client::mobs::MobType>>,
    /// `SpinAttackEffectModel` (Riptide's spinning boxes).
    spin_attack: Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>,
@@ -1275,12 +1276,13 @@ impl Resources {
    fn threads(&self) -> usize {
        self.core.threads
    }
-    fn player_arm(&self, slim: bool) -> &Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part> {
-        if slim {
+    fn player_arm(&self, slim: bool, left: bool) -> &Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part> {
+        let arms = if slim {
            &self.rest().player_arm_slim
        } else {
            &self.rest().player_arm
-        }
+        };
+        &arms[usize::from(left)]
    }
    fn player_type(&self) -> &Option<Arc<horizon_client::mobs::MobType>> {
        &self.rest().player_type
@@ -1384,6 +1386,23 @@ fn ticking_chunk(world: &World, x: i32, z: i32) -> bool {
    world.chunks.get(&(x, z)).is_some_and(|c| c.lit)
        && (-1..=1).all(|dz| (-1..=1).all(|dx| world.chunks.contains_key(&(x + dx, z + dz))))
 }
+/// Key events carry the scancode's US-layout code, which ignores XKB options like
+/// `caps:swapescape`. For the keys whose meaning the keymap may remap, take the code
+/// from the keysym the keymap resolved instead.
+fn follow_keymap(event: &mut WindowEvent) {
+    use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
+    if let WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } = event
+        && let Key::Named(named) = &event.logical_key
+    {
+        let code = match named {
+            NamedKey::Escape => KeyCode::Escape,
+            NamedKey::CapsLock => KeyCode::CapsLock,
+            _ => return,
+        };
+        event.physical_key = PhysicalKey::Code(code);
+    }
+}
+
 fn drop_whole_stack(physical_keys: &HashSet<KeyCode>) -> bool {
    physical_keys.contains(&KeyCode::ControlLeft) || physical_keys.contains(&KeyCode::ControlRight)
 }
@@ -1432,6 +1451,9 @@ struct Game<'a> {
    lod: Option<horizon_client::lod::Lod>,
    lod_source_attempted: bool,
    lod_observe: horizon_client::fast_hash::FxHashSet<(i32, i32)>,
+    /// Beacon beam sections kept after their chunk unloads, so far terrain
+    /// LOD still draws their beams (`beacon_geometry` refreshes them).
+    far_beacons: HashMap<(i32, i32, i32), Vec<(u32, i32)>>,
    /// The detail revision, centre and radius `Lod::update` last had covered for.
    lod_covered_at: Option<(u64, (i32, i32), i32)>,
    options: Options,
@@ -4215,8 +4237,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
    /// `Minecraft.startUseItem`: the main hand, then the off hand.
    fn use_item_as_player(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Hand>> {
-        // Spectators only look (MultiPlayerGameMode.useItemOn/useItem pass).
+        // Spectators only look (MultiPlayerGameMode.useItemOn/useItem pass),
+        // but on a server a spectator's use on a block opens the block's
+        // menu (ServerPlayerGameMode.useItemOn).
        if self.spectator() {
+            if matches!(self.guest_use, Some(GuestUse::OnBlock(_)))
+                && let Some(hit) = self.pick()
+            {
+                self.spectator_open_menu(hit.pos);
+            }
            return Ok(None);
        }
        // A carrot or warped fungus on a stick boosts the ridden pig or strider.
@@ -4767,7 +4796,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.tick_crossbow(slot, ticks, &stack);
            return;
        }
-        if &*stack.item == "minecraft:trident" {
+        // TridentItem and EnderEyeItem: used until released (an eye's
+        // getUseDuration 0 never counts down to finishUsingItem).
+        if matches!(&*stack.item, "minecraft:trident" | "minecraft:ender_eye") {
            self.using = Some((slot, ticks + 1));
            return;
        }
@@ -6633,9 +6664,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        }
                    };
                    part(batch, tex, 0.0, 0.0, 176.0, 166.0, ox, oy);
-                    let title = self.container_title(self.translate(key, fallback));
-                    let tw = HudBatch::text_width(atlas, &title);
-                    batch.text(
+                    // A server's furnace menu has the title it was given.
+                    let title = self.remote_menu_title().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        horizon_client::text::Text::literal(
+                            self.container_title(self.translate(key, fallback)),
+                        )
+                        .resolve_legacy()
+                    });
+                    let tw = atlas.font.width_text(&title);
+                    batch.text_styled(
                        atlas,
                        &title,
                        ox + (176.0 - tw) / 2.0,
@@ -7329,6 +7366,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                let at = [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z];
                self.award_furnace_recipes(pos, at);
            }
+        } else if self.creative_inventory_open() {
+            // CreativeModeInventoryScreen.slotClicked's THROW on the Survival Inventory tab: the
+            // stack goes to the server (handleCreativeModeItemDrop), the slot follows with the
+            // others (SetCreativeModeSlot).
+            for stack in dropped {
+                self.remote_creative_throw(stack);
+            }
        }
        if kind == Kind::Loom {
            if let Some(s) = self.station.as_mut() {
@@ -7528,7 +7572,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    return;
                }
                if let Some(moved) = self.last_quick_moved.clone() {
-                    if self.remote.is_some() {
+                    // The creative screen clicks its own menu, on a server too.
+                    if self.remote.is_some() && self.screen != Screen::Creative {
                        self.remote_quick_move_all(slot, &moved);
                    } else {
                        self.menu_session(|menu, env, to_menu| {
@@ -8068,7 +8113,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        for m in &self.mobs {
            // Blaze.isOnFire: a charged blaze burns.
            let blazing = m.species() == horizon_client::mobs::Species::Blaze && m.extra.flag;
-            if (m.fire_ticks > 0 || blazing) && !m.removed {
+            if (m.is_on_fire() || blazing) && !m.removed {
                let at = m.previous.lerp(m.position, alpha);
                horizon_client::fire_render::flames(
                    [at.x, at.y, at.z],
@@ -8200,11 +8245,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    p.z + (q.z - p.z) * a,
                )
            };
-            let mut casters: Vec<(glam::DVec3, &str)> = self
-                .mobs
-                .iter()
-                .map(|m| (lerp(m.previous, m.position), m.kind.id.as_str()))
-                .collect();
+            let mut casters: Vec<(glam::DVec3, &str)> =
+                horizon_client::shadows::mob_casters(&self.mobs, a).collect();
            casters.extend(
                self.dropped
                    .iter()
@@ -10621,6 +10663,36 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        self.damage_held(1);
    }
+    /// `renderPlayerHand` (`AvatarRenderer.renderHand`): the player's own
+    /// `left` or right arm with its skin at pose `m`, in its rest pose
+    /// turned 0.1 radians outwards.
+    fn first_person_arm(&self, left: bool, m: glam::Mat4, light: u32, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
+        let slim = self.player_model.as_ref().is_some_and(|m| m.slim);
+        let Some(arm) = self.res.player_arm(slim, left).as_ref() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        // The player's own skin, as the inventory's model shows it.
+        let sprites = &self.gui.atlas.sprites;
+        let Some(r) = self
+            .player_model
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|m| m.skin.as_deref())
+            .and_then(|skin| sprites.get(skin))
+            .or_else(|| sprites.get("entity/player/wide/steve"))
+            .copied()
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let z_rot = if left { -0.1 } else { 0.1 };
+        let pose = |p: &horizon_client::mobs::Part| {
+            let mut pose = p.pose;
+            pose[3] = 0.0;
+            pose[4] = 0.0;
+            pose[5] = if p.name == arm.name { z_rot } else { 0.0 };
+            pose
+        };
+        horizon_client::mobs::render_model(arm, m, &pose, [r.u0, r.v0, r.u1, r.v1], light, 0, out);
+    }
    /// FirstPersonHandsAndItemsRenderer: the right arm or the held items of
    /// both hands in view space, converted to camera-relative world space.
    fn hand_geometry(&mut self, alpha: f64) -> Vec<Vertex> {
@@ -10664,7 +10736,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            eye[2].floor() as i32,
        );
        let packed = (u32::from(light >> 4) * 16) | ((u32::from(light & 15) * 16) << 8);
-        let deg = |d: f32| d.to_radians();
        let shown = self.hands_to_render();
        let used_hand = self.used_hand();
        let spinning = self
@@ -10678,7 +10749,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                continue;
            }
            let (attack, inverse_height) = (attacks[i], inverse_heights[i]);
-            let sqrt_attack = attack.sqrt();
            // The main hand on its arm, the off hand on the other one.
            let left = self.settings.main_hand_left != (hand == Hand::Off);
            let Some(stack) = item else {
@@ -10686,63 +10756,24 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                if hand == Hand::Off {
                    continue;
                }
-                let slim = self.player_model.as_ref().is_some_and(|m| m.slim);
-                let Some(arm) = self.res.player_arm(slim).clone() else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-                // The player's own skin, as the inventory's model shows it.
-                let sprites = &self.gui.atlas.sprites;
-                let Some(r) = self
-                    .player_model
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .and_then(|m| m.skin.as_deref())
-                    .and_then(|skin| sprites.get(skin))
-                    .or_else(|| sprites.get("entity/player/wide/steve"))
-                    .copied()
-                else {
-                    continue;
-                };
                // renderPlayerArm (right arm)
-                let x_swing = -0.3 * (sqrt_attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
-                let y_swing = 0.4 * (sqrt_attack * std::f32::consts::TAU).sin();
-                let z_swing = -0.4 * (attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
-                let z_rot = (attack * attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
-                let y_rot = (sqrt_attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
                let m = to_world
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(
-                        x_swing + 0.64,
-                        y_swing - 0.6 + inverse_height * -0.6,
-                        z_swing - 0.72,
-                    ))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(45.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(y_rot * 70.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(z_rot * -20.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(-1.0, 3.6, 3.5))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z(deg(120.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_x(deg(200.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(deg(-135.0))
-                    * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(5.6, 0.0, 0.0));
-                let pose = |p: &horizon_client::mobs::Part| {
-                    let mut pose = p.pose;
-                    pose[3] = 0.0;
-                    pose[4] = 0.0;
-                    pose[5] = 0.0;
-                    pose
-                };
-                horizon_client::mobs::render_model(
-                    &arm,
-                    m,
-                    &pose,
-                    [r.u0, r.v0, r.u1, r.v1],
-                    packed,
-                    0,
-                    &mut out,
-                );
+                    * horizon_client::first_person::player_arm_pose(false, inverse_height, attack);
+                self.first_person_arm(false, m, packed, &mut out);
                continue;
            };
            if let Some(id) = maps::map_id(&stack) {
-                use horizon_client::first_person::{MapHold, one_handed_map_pose};
-                match MapHold::of(hand, off_hand_empty) {
+                use horizon_client::first_person::{MapHold, map_arm_poses, one_handed_map_pose};
+                let hold = MapHold::of(hand, off_hand_empty);
+                // renderOneHandedMap and renderTwoHandedMap: the arms under
+                // the map, unless the player is invisible.
+                if self.potions.effects.get("invisibility").is_none() {
+                    for (arm, pose) in map_arm_poses(hold, left, self.pitch, inverse_height, attack)
+                    {
+                        self.first_person_arm(arm, to_world * pose, packed, &mut out);
+                    }
+                }
+                match hold {
                    MapHold::TwoHanded => self.two_handed_map_geometry(
                        to_world,
                        attack,
@@ -10823,6 +10854,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    }
                }
                _ if spinning => ItemPose::SpinAttack,
+                // ItemInHandRenderer: a STAB swing of this hand jabs.
+                _ if self
+                    .swing
+                    .current
+                    .is_some_and(|c| c.hand == hand && c.animation.kind == 2) =>
+                {
+                    ItemPose::Stab
+                }
                _ => ItemPose::Swing,
            };
            let m = to_world
@@ -11263,6 +11302,38 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        batch.fill(atlas, x - 3.0, y + 10.0, w + 6.0, 1.0, rgba(40, 0, 127, 80));
        batch.text(atlas, text, x, y, u32::MAX, true);
    }
+    /// `CreativeModeInventoryScreen.getTooltipFromContainerItem`: the lines
+    /// that follow the item's name, none for a category tab's own grid slots
+    /// (`grid`): the names of the tabs containing the stack, in blue, then on
+    /// the search tab's grid the tags a `#` search shows, in dark purple.
+    fn creative_tooltip_tabs(
+        &self,
+        stack: &ItemStack,
+        grid: bool,
+    ) -> Vec<(horizon_client::text::Text, u32)> {
+        let screen = &self.creative_screen;
+        let tab = screen.tab();
+        let category = !tab.search && !tab.inventory;
+        if !horizon_client::creative::tooltip_lists_tabs(category, grid) {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+        let blue = rgba(85, 85, 255, 255);
+        let dark_purple = rgba(170, 0, 170, 255);
+        let mut lines: Vec<(horizon_client::text::Text, u32)> = screen
+            .tabs_containing(stack)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|i| {
+                let title = self.creative_tab_title(&screen.tabs[i]);
+                (horizon_client::text::Text::literal(title), blue)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        if tab.search && grid {
+            for tag in screen.search_tag_lines(stack) {
+                lines.push((horizon_client::text::Text::literal(tag), dark_purple));
+            }
+        }
+        lines
+    }
    fn draw_creative(&mut self, batch: &mut HudBatch) {
        let (ox, oy) = Self::creative_origin(batch);
        let selected = self.creative_screen.selected;
@@ -11345,7 +11416,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            search.max_length = clipboard::CREATIVE_SEARCH_CHARS;
            search.draw(batch, atlas, None);
        }
-        let mut hovered: Option<ItemStack> = None;
+        // The hovered stack, and whether it is a grid slot (`CustomCreativeSlot`).
+        let mut hovered: Option<(ItemStack, bool)> = None;
        if tab.inventory {
            self.draw_player_preview(
                batch,
@@ -11395,7 +11467,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        && self.cursor.1 < y + 16.0
                    {
                        batch.fill(&self.gui.atlas, x, y, 16.0, 16.0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 128));
-                        hovered = Some(stack.clone());
+                        hovered = Some((stack.clone(), true));
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -11409,7 +11481,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    && self.cursor.1 < y + 16.0
                {
                    batch.fill(&self.gui.atlas, x, y, 16.0, 16.0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 128));
-                    hovered = self.inventory[c].clone();
+                    hovered = self.inventory[c].clone().map(|s| (s, false));
                }
            }
            let scrollable = self.creative_screen.rows(&self.pack.names) > 5;
@@ -11444,13 +11516,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if tab.inventory {
            if Self::creative_trash_hovered(batch, self.cursor) {
                self.tooltip(batch, "Destroy Item", self.cursor.0, self.cursor.1);
-            } else {
-                self.draw_slot_tooltip(batch);
+            } else if self.carried.is_none()
+                && let Some(slot) = self.slot_at(batch, self.cursor.0, self.cursor.1)
+                && let Some(stack) = self.slot_view(slot)
+            {
+                let tabs = self.creative_tooltip_tabs(&stack, false);
+                self.draw_stack_tooltip_with(batch, &stack, self.cursor.0, self.cursor.1, tabs);
            }
        } else if self.carried.is_none()
-            && let Some(item) = hovered
+            && let Some((item, grid)) = hovered
        {
-            self.draw_stack_tooltip(batch, &item, self.cursor.0, self.cursor.1);
+            let tabs = self.creative_tooltip_tabs(&item, grid);
+            self.draw_stack_tooltip_with(batch, &item, self.cursor.0, self.cursor.1, tabs);
        }
        self.draw_inventory_effects(batch, (ox, oy), Creative::WIDTH as i32);
    }
@@ -11866,8 +11943,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // GameRenderer.shouldRenderBlockOutline: not with the HUD hidden (F1), and only for a
        // player who may build. Adventure players only get one with a CAN_BREAK or
        // CAN_PLACE_ON item and spectators with a menu block; Horizon reads neither the
-        // components nor opens menus for spectators, so those never show it.
-        let outline = if self.screen == Screen::Playing && !self.ui.hide_gui && self.may_build() {
+        // components nor opens menus for spectators, so those never show it. An open
+        // screen does not hide it: vanilla checks the HUD and the game mode, not the screen.
+        let outline = if !self.ui.hide_gui && self.may_build() {
            self.pick()
                .map(|h| {
                    let state = self.world.block(h.pos[0], h.pos[1], h.pos[2]);
@@ -12065,21 +12143,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            environment_fog: (self.dim == Dim::Nether).then_some((sky.fog_start, sky.fog_end)),
            cave_culling,
            water_fog,
-            fog: Some({
-                let mut fog = self.frame_fog(camera, &sky, biome, water_fog);
-                // Horizon's fog setting: no distance fog (fluids keep theirs).
-                if !self.settings.horizon.fog
-                    && !underwater
-                    && self.darkness_fog().is_none()
-                    && !self.boss_overlay.should_create_world_fog()
-                    && self.potions.effects.get("blindness").is_none()
-                    && fog.environmental_end >= (self.streaming.radius * 16) as f32
-                {
-                    (fog.render_distance_start, fog.render_distance_end) = (1e9, 2e9);
-                    (fog.environmental_start, fog.environmental_end) = (1e9, 2e9);
-                }
-                fog
-            }),
+            fog: Some(self.frame_fog(camera, &sky, biome, water_fog)),
            dark_disc: self.dark_disc(camera),
            outline,
            outline_after_terrain,
@@ -12563,6 +12627,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.lod = None;
        self.lod_source_attempted = false;
        self.lod_observe.clear();
+        self.far_beacons.clear();
        self.lod_covered_at = None;
        if let Some(renderer) = &mut self.renderer {
            renderer.clear_lods();
@@ -12812,10 +12877,11 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
        self.apply_settings();
        self.previous = Instant::now();
    }
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, id: WindowId, mut event: WindowEvent) {
        if self.window.as_ref().is_none_or(|w| w.id() != id) {
            return;
        }
+        follow_keymap(&mut event);
        if let WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } = &event
            && let PhysicalKey::Code(key) = event.physical_key
        {
@@ -13931,6 +13997,7 @@ impl<'a> Game<'a> {
            streaming,
            lod: None,
            lod_source_attempted: false,
+            far_beacons: HashMap::new(),
            lod_observe: Default::default(),
            lod_covered_at: None,
            options,
@@ -14859,10 +14926,8 @@ fn load_world_rest(
            .collect(),
        mob_data,
        player_type: perspective::player_type(root),
-        player_arm: horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, "minecraft:player#main")
-            .and_then(|m| m.children.into_iter().find(|c| c.name == "right_arm")),
-        player_arm_slim: horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, "minecraft:player_slim#main")
-            .and_then(|m| m.children.into_iter().find(|c| c.name == "right_arm")),
+        player_arm: player_arms(root, "minecraft:player#main"),
+        player_arm_slim: player_arms(root, "minecraft:player_slim#main"),
        spin_attack: horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, "minecraft:spin_attack#main"),
    })
 }
@@ -15310,10 +15375,11 @@ impl Loading {
        horizon_client::hud::GUI_SCALE.store(self.settings.gui_scale, Ordering::Relaxed);
        self.window = Some(window);
    }
-    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, id: WindowId, mut event: WindowEvent) {
        if self.window.as_ref().is_none_or(|w| w.id() != id) {
            return;
        }
+        follow_keymap(&mut event);
        if let Err(error) = self.menu_event(event_loop, event) {
            self.error = Some(error);
            event_loop.exit();
@@ -15708,6 +15774,17 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

+/// The right and left arms of a player model layer (`PlayerModel.rightArm`
+/// and `leftArm`, with their sleeves).
+fn player_arms(root: &std::path::Path, key: &str) -> [Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>; 2] {
+    let model = horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, key);
+    ["right_arm", "left_arm"].map(|name| {
+        model
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|m| m.children.iter().find(|c| c.name == name).cloned())
+    })
+}
+
 // Player.tick: cap the sleeping fade at 100, then fade out over 10 waking ticks.
 fn tick_sleep_timer(timer: u32, sleeping: bool) -> u32 {
    if sleeping {
@@ -588,10 +588,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                            .announced
                            .push(Text::translate(key, &[player, name]));
                    }
-                    None => self.system_message(Text::translate(
-                        key,
-                        &[Text::literal(super::chat::PLAYER_NAME), name],
-                    )),
+                    None => {
+                        let text = Text::translate(key, &[self.player_display_text(), name]);
+                        // The guests hear of the host's advancement too.
+                        if let Some(host) = &self.lan {
+                            host.hub
+                                .system_message(horizon_client::lan::data::component_nbt(
+                                    &text.component(),
+                                ));
+                        }
+                        self.system_message(text);
+                    }
                }
            }
        }
@@ -536,7 +536,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            title
                .recent_worlds()
                .iter()
-                .map(|w| json!({ "folder": w.folder, "name": w.name, "creative": w.creative }))
+                .map(
+                    |w| json!({ "folder": w.folder, "name": w.name, "creative": w.game_mode == 1 }),
+                )
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        };
        match &title.mode {
@@ -546,7 +548,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                selected,
            } => json!({
                "mode": "select-world",
-                "worlds": list.iter().map(|w| json!({ "folder": w.folder, "name": w.name, "creative": w.creative })).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                "worlds": list.iter().map(|w| json!({ "folder": w.folder, "name": w.name, "creative": w.game_mode == 1 })).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                "selected": selected,
            }),
            Mode::Create {
@@ -616,9 +616,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        };
        for a in &self.armor_stands {
            let entity_start = out.len();
-            if a.invisible {
-                continue;
-            }
            // ArmorStand.shouldRenderAtSqrDistance: 256 times the box's mean
            // edge (4 for a marker's empty box), whatever the entity distance.
            // LivingEntityRenderer grows the culling box by 0.5 for a dragon head.
@@ -690,16 +687,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                a.position.z.floor() as i32,
            );
            let packed = (u32::from(light >> 4) * 16) | ((u32::from(light & 15) * 16) << 8);
-            horizon_client::mobs::render::draw(
-                model,
-                base,
-                &poses,
-                wood,
-                0xFFFF_FFFF,
-                packed,
-                0,
-                out,
-            );
+            // LivingEntityRenderer.submit: an invisible stand has no body render type, but its
+            // layers (held items, custom head, armour) are submitted all the same.
+            if !a.invisible {
+                horizon_client::mobs::render::draw(
+                    model,
+                    base,
+                    &poses,
+                    wood,
+                    0xFFFF_FFFF,
+                    packed,
+                    0,
+                    out,
+                );
+            }
            self.armor_stand_items(a, model, base, &posed, packed, out);
            // HumanoidArmorLayer: head, chest, legs, feet.
            for (slot, layer) in [
@@ -105,10 +105,28 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let Some(BlockEntity::Beacon(mut b)) = self.world.block_entities.take(&key) else {
            return;
        };
-        self.tick_beacon(key, &mut b);
+        self.tick_beacon(key, &mut b, false);
        self.world.block_entities.put(key, BlockEntity::Beacon(b));
    }
-    fn tick_beacon(&mut self, (x, y, z): (i32, i32, i32), b: &mut Beacon) {
+    /// `ClientLevel.tickBlockEntities` for beacons: a server's chunk data
+    /// carries no beam sections, so the client builds them too; effects,
+    /// sounds and the advancement stay with the server.
+    pub(super) fn client_tick_beacons(&mut self) {
+        let keys: Vec<_> = self
+            .world
+            .block_entities
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(k, e)| matches!(e, BlockEntity::Beacon(_)).then_some(*k))
+            .collect();
+        for key in keys {
+            let Some(BlockEntity::Beacon(mut b)) = self.world.block_entities.take(&key) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            self.tick_beacon(key, &mut b, true);
+            self.world.block_entities.put(key, BlockEntity::Beacon(b));
+        }
+    }
+    fn tick_beacon(&mut self, (x, y, z): (i32, i32, i32), b: &mut Beacon, client: bool) {
        let mut check = if b.last_check_y < y {
            b.checking.clear();
            b.last_check_y = y - 1;
@@ -153,7 +171,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            if !b.sections.is_empty() {
                b.levels = self.beacon_base(x, y, z);
            }
-            if b.levels > 0 && !b.sections.is_empty() {
+            if !client && b.levels > 0 && !b.sections.is_empty() {
                self.beacon_effects([x, y, z], b);
                self.beacon_sound([x, y, z], "minecraft:block.beacon.ambient");
            }
@@ -163,10 +181,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            b.sections = std::mem::take(&mut b.checking);
            let (was, is) = (previous > 0, b.levels > 0);
            if !was && is {
-                self.beacon_sound([x, y, z], "minecraft:block.beacon.activate");
-                let levels = b.levels;
-                self.for_each_player(|g| g.beacon_constructed([x, y, z], levels));
-            } else if was && !is {
+                if !client {
+                    self.beacon_sound([x, y, z], "minecraft:block.beacon.activate");
+                    let levels = b.levels;
+                    self.for_each_player(|g| g.beacon_constructed([x, y, z], levels));
+                }
+            } else if was && !is && !client {
                self.beacon_sound([x, y, z], "minecraft:block.beacon.deactivate");
            }
        }
@@ -551,7 +571,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }
    /// `BeaconRenderer`: each section's rotating solid beam and its glow.
-    pub(super) fn beacon_geometry(&self, camera: glam::DVec3, alpha: f64, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
+    pub(super) fn beacon_geometry(
+        &mut self,
+        camera: glam::DVec3,
+        alpha: f64,
+        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
+    ) {
        let Some(s) = self
            .gui
            .atlas
@@ -563,15 +588,28 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        };
        let time = (self.world.game_time.rem_euclid(40)) as f32 + alpha as f32;
        let scoping = self.scoping();
-        let view = f64::from(self.settings.render_distance * 16);
-        for (k, e) in &self.world.block_entities {
-            let BlockEntity::Beacon(b) = e else { continue };
-            // `getBeamSections` is empty while Levels is 0.
-            if b.levels == 0 || b.sections.is_empty() {
-                continue;
+        // `BeaconRenderer.shouldRender` culls at the render distance; far
+        // terrain extends that to its own distance.
+        let view = f64::from(self.terrain_distance() * 16);
+        let world = &self.world;
+        if self.lod.is_some() {
+            // The beam stays after its chunk unloads; once the chunk is back,
+            // its block entity decides whether the beam is still there.
+            self.far_beacons.retain(|&pos, _| {
+                let (x, _, z) = pos;
+                !world.chunks.contains_key(&(x >> 4, z >> 4))
+                    || world.block_entities.get(&pos).and_then(beam).is_some()
+            });
+        } else {
+            self.far_beacons.clear();
+        }
+        for (k, e) in &world.block_entities {
+            if let Some(sections) = beam(e) {
+                self.far_beacons.insert(*k, sections.to_vec());
            }
+        }
+        for (k, sections) in &self.far_beacons {
            let base = glam::DVec3::new(f64::from(k.0) + 0.5, f64::from(k.1), f64::from(k.2) + 0.5);
-            // `BeaconRenderer.shouldRender`: horizontal distance under render distance × 16.
            let offset = base - camera;
            let horizontal = glam::DVec2::new(offset.x, offset.z).length();
            if horizontal >= view {
@@ -586,14 +624,30 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            let origin = (glam::DVec3::new(f64::from(k.0), f64::from(k.1), f64::from(k.2))
                - camera)
                .as_vec3();
-            horizon_client::block_entity_render::beacon_beam(
-                origin,
-                &b.sections,
-                time,
-                scale,
-                s,
-                out,
-            );
+            horizon_client::block_entity_render::beacon_beam(origin, sections, time, scale, s, out);
        }
    }
 }
+/// The beam sections of an active beacon (`BeaconRenderer` draws no beam for
+/// a beacon without a pyramid or with all sections cleared).
+fn beam(e: &BlockEntity) -> Option<&[(u32, i32)]> {
+    match e {
+        BlockEntity::Beacon(b) if b.levels > 0 && !b.sections.is_empty() => Some(&b.sections),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn only_active_beacons_have_beams() {
+        let mut b = Beacon::default();
+        assert!(beam(&BlockEntity::Beacon(Box::new(b.clone()))).is_none());
+        b.levels = 1;
+        b.sections.push((0xFFFFFF, 10));
+        assert_eq!(
+            beam(&BlockEntity::Beacon(Box::new(b))),
+            Some(&[(0xFFFFFF, 10)][..])
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -658,15 +658,30 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
    /// `BoatItem.use`: aim at a block or the water surface.
    pub(super) fn place_boat(&mut self, stack: &ItemStack) -> bool {
-        let Some((wood, chest)) = any_boat_wood(&stack.item) else {
+        let Some(boat) = self.boat_to_place(stack) else {
            return false;
        };
-        if !self.boat_models.has(wood, chest) {
-            return false;
+        self.next_entity += 1;
+        let key = (
+            boat.position.x.floor() as i32 >> 4,
+            boat.position.z.floor() as i32 >> 4,
+        );
+        self.world.modified.insert(key);
+        self.boats.push(boat);
+        if !self.creative {
+            self.consume_held();
        }
-        let Some((eye, dir)) = self.aim() else {
-            return false;
-        };
+        self.swing_arm();
+        true
+    }
+    /// The boat `BoatItem.use` would place for `stack` (its SUCCESS), or
+    /// None when it aims at nothing (PASS) or the spot is taken (FAIL).
+    pub(super) fn boat_to_place(&self, stack: &ItemStack) -> Option<Boat> {
+        let (wood, chest) = any_boat_wood(&stack.item)?;
+        if !self.boat_models.has(wood, chest) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let (eye, dir) = self.aim()?;
        let reach = self.reach();
        // ClipContext.Fluid.ANY: the first fluid surface (water or lava) or
        // block along the ray.
@@ -706,7 +721,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            (Some(b), None) => b.0,
            (None, Some(w)) => w.0,
-            (None, None) => return false,
+            (None, None) => return None,
        };
        let mut boat = Boat::new(
            self.next_entity + 1,
@@ -730,17 +745,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            subject: None,
        };
        if !scene.unobstructed(inner).unwrap_or(false) || self.boat_entity_collision(bb) {
-            return false;
+            return None;
        }
-        self.next_entity += 1;
-        let key = (hit[0].floor() as i32 >> 4, hit[2].floor() as i32 >> 4);
-        self.world.modified.insert(key);
-        self.boats.push(boat);
-        if !self.creative {
-            self.consume_held();
-        }
-        self.swing_arm();
-        true
+        Some(boat)
    }
    pub(super) fn boat_hit(&self) -> Option<(usize, f64)> {
        let (eye, dir) = self.aim()?;
@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// `BookViewScreen.mouseClicked`: the click event of the text under the
    /// cursor on the page.
    fn book_link_at(&self, page: &Text, left: f32) -> Option<horizon_client::text::ClickEvent> {
+        self.book_style_at(page, left)?.click
+    }
+    /// `ActiveTextCollector` over the page: the style of the character
+    /// under the cursor, for its click and hover events.
+    fn book_style_at(&self, page: &Text, left: f32) -> Option<horizon_client::text::Style> {
        let (mx, my) = self.cursor;
        let row = ((my - 32.0) / 9.0).floor();
        if row < 0.0 || row >= LINES as f32 {
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        for (c, style) in line.chars() {
            x -= self.gui.atlas.font.advance(c, style);
            if x < 0.0 {
-                return style.click.clone();
+                return Some(style.clone());
            }
        }
        None
@@ -139,22 +144,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                }
            }
            ClickEvent::OpenUrl(url) => self.click_url(url),
-            ClickEvent::RunCommand(command) => self.click_command(&command),
-            ClickEvent::SuggestCommand(command) => {
-                // defaultHandleClickEvent: the chat screen takes it over.
-                if self.player.is_some() {
-                    self.close_book();
-                    self.open_chat(&command);
-                }
+            // closeContainerOnServer, then clickCommandAction with no screen
+            // after the command: the book closes and the command runs.
+            ClickEvent::RunCommand(command) => {
+                self.close_book();
+                self.click_command(&command);
            }
+            // Screen.defaultHandleClickEvent: copied, the book stays open.
            ClickEvent::CopyToClipboard(value) => {
                use horizon_client::clipboard::Clipboard;
                self.clipboard.set(&value);
            }
-            // BookViewScreen.handleClickEvent: the rest is
-            // Screen.defaultHandleGameClickEvent's.
+            // defaultHandleGameClickEvent: the dialog opens over the book.
            ClickEvent::ShowDialog(dialog) => self.show_dialog_ref(&dialog),
-            _ => {}
+            // SuggestCommand's insertText does nothing on a book; a server's
+            // text never opens a file.
+            ClickEvent::SuggestCommand(_) | ClickEvent::OpenFile(_) => {}
        }
    }
    /// `WritableBookItem.use` / `WrittenBookItem.use` (`Player.openItemGui`).
@@ -1314,6 +1319,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        true,
                    );
                }
+                // HoveredTextEffects.TOOLTIP_AND_CURSOR: the hovered words'
+                // show_text hover event, as the chat shows it.
+                if let Some(hover) = pages
+                    .get(*page)
+                    .and_then(|t| self.book_style_at(t, left))
+                    .and_then(|s| s.hover)
+                {
+                    let lines = self.wrapped_rows(&hover, (w as i32 / 2).max(200));
+                    self.draw_tooltip_lines(batch, &lines, mx, my);
+                }
            }
        }
    }
@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ use horizon_client::{
    screen_draw::Measure,
    text::{ClickEvent, Style, Text},
 };
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};

 /// The tree the chat parses and completes with: a server's, once it has
 /// sent one (ClientPacketListener.commands), else the game's own.
@@ -123,6 +127,64 @@ impl UiState {
    }
 }

+/// The ids `build_registries` lists from the prepared resources' folders.
+/// The folders don't change while the game runs, so each root is read once
+/// instead of at every world opening (thousands of files).
+struct ResourceIds {
+    recipes: Vec<String>,
+    damage_types: Vec<String>,
+    loot_tables: Vec<String>,
+    templates: Vec<String>,
+}
+static RESOURCE_IDS: Mutex<Vec<(PathBuf, Arc<ResourceIds>)>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+
+fn resource_ids(root: &Path) -> Arc<ResourceIds> {
+    let mut cache = RESOURCE_IDS.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+    if let Some((_, ids)) = cache.iter().find(|(cached, _)| cached == root) {
+        return ids.clone();
+    }
+    let data = root.join("data/minecraft");
+    let ids = Arc::new(ResourceIds {
+        recipes: ids_under(&data.join("recipe"), "json"),
+        damage_types: ids_under(&data.join("damage_type"), "json"),
+        loot_tables: ids_under(&data.join("loot_table"), "json"),
+        templates: ids_under(&root.join("worldgen/structure/minecraft"), "nbt"),
+    });
+    cache.push((root.to_owned(), ids.clone()));
+    ids
+}
+
+/// The `minecraft:` ids of the `extension` files under `root`, sorted.
+fn ids_under(root: &Path, extension: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let mut stack = vec![root.to_owned()];
+    while let Some(dir) = stack.pop() {
+        let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&dir) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        for e in entries.flatten() {
+            let path = e.path();
+            // The listing's own type, without another look at each file; a
+            // link is followed, as `Path::is_dir` does.
+            let is_dir = e
+                .file_type()
+                .is_ok_and(|t| t.is_dir() || (t.is_symlink() && path.is_dir()));
+            if is_dir {
+                stack.push(path);
+            } else if path.extension().and_then(|x| x.to_str()) == Some(extension)
+                && let Ok(rel) = path.strip_prefix(root)
+            {
+                out.push(format!(
+                    "minecraft:{}",
+                    rel.with_extension("").to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out.sort();
+    out
+}
+
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// `PlayerList.isOp` for the single-player owner: the world's Allow Commands.
    pub(super) fn allow_commands(&self) -> bool {
@@ -146,61 +208,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let permission = owner_permission(self.allow_commands());
        let reg = &mut self.ui.registries;
        reg.permission = permission;
-        {
-            let dir = |sub: &str| -> Vec<String> {
-                let root = self.options.resources.join("data/minecraft").join(sub);
-                let mut out = Vec::new();
-                let mut stack = vec![root.clone()];
-                while let Some(d) = stack.pop() {
-                    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&d) else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    for e in entries.flatten() {
-                        let p = e.path();
-                        if p.is_dir() {
-                            stack.push(p);
-                        } else if p.extension().and_then(|x| x.to_str()) == Some("json")
-                            && let Ok(rel) = p.strip_prefix(&root)
-                        {
-                            out.push(format!(
-                                "minecraft:{}",
-                                rel.with_extension("").to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
-                            ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                out.sort();
-                out
-            };
-            self.ui.registries.recipes = dir("recipe");
-            self.ui.registries.damage_types = dir("damage_type");
-            self.ui.registries.loot_tables = dir("loot_table");
-            self.ui.registries.templates = {
-                let root = self.options.resources.join("worldgen/structure/minecraft");
-                let mut out = Vec::new();
-                let mut stack = vec![root.clone()];
-                while let Some(d) = stack.pop() {
-                    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&d) else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    for e in entries.flatten() {
-                        let p = e.path();
-                        if p.is_dir() {
-                            stack.push(p);
-                        } else if p.extension().and_then(|x| x.to_str()) == Some("nbt")
-                            && let Ok(rel) = p.strip_prefix(&root)
-                        {
-                            out.push(format!(
-                                "minecraft:{}",
-                                rel.with_extension("").to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
-                            ));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                out.sort();
-                out
-            };
-        }
+        let ids = resource_ids(&self.options.resources);
+        self.ui.registries.recipes = ids.recipes.clone();
+        self.ui.registries.damage_types = ids.damage_types.clone();
+        self.ui.registries.loot_tables = ids.loot_tables.clone();
+        self.ui.registries.templates = ids.templates.clone();
        self.ui.registries.sounds = self.audio.event_names();
        self.ui.registries.attributes = [
            "armor",
@@ -416,8 +428,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .collect();
    }
    /// The block the player is looking at, for coordinate suggestions.
+    /// `ClientSuggestionProvider.getRelevantCoordinates` and
+    /// `getAbsoluteCoordinates` read `Minecraft.hitResult` only when it is a
+    /// block: an entity in front of the block leaves the `~` defaults.
    fn refresh_dynamic_registries(&mut self) {
-        self.ui.registries.target_block = self.pick().map(|h| h.pos);
+        let hit = if self.pick_entity_hit().is_some() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.pick()
+        };
+        self.ui.registries.target_block = hit.as_ref().map(|h| h.pos);
+        self.ui.registries.target_point =
+            hit.map(|h| h.point.map(horizon_client::java_text::format_fixed2));
        // ClientPacketListener.getOnlinePlayerNames on a server.
        if let Some(names) = self.remote_online_names() {
            self.ui.registries.players = names;
@@ -961,7 +983,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }
    /// `Font.split`: a tooltip text wrapped at `width`, one white row per line.
-    fn wrapped_rows(&self, text: &Text, width: i32) -> Vec<(Text, u32)> {
+    pub(super) fn wrapped_rows(&self, text: &Text, width: i32) -> Vec<(Text, u32)> {
        let split = self
            .gui
            .atlas
@@ -1126,9 +1148,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            None => self.combat_death_message(),
        };
        self.ui.death_text = Some(message.clone());
-        // ServerPlayer.die: a team that hides death messages keeps it out of
-        // the dying player's own chat (the death screen still shows it).
-        if horizon_client::scoreboard::own_death_message_shown(self.player_team()) {
+        // ServerPlayer.die: the team's death message visibility decides who
+        // hears it, the dying player's own chat included (the death screen
+        // still shows it).
+        let board = &self.score.board;
+        if let Some(host) = &self.lan {
+            host.hub.system_message_to(
+                horizon_client::lan::data::component_nbt(&message.component()),
+                |other| {
+                    horizon_client::scoreboard::death_message_reaches(board, PLAYER_NAME, other)
+                },
+            );
+        }
+        if horizon_client::scoreboard::death_message_reaches(board, PLAYER_NAME, PLAYER_NAME) {
            self.system_message(message);
        }
    }
@@ -1224,3 +1256,24 @@ fn owner_permission(allow_commands: bool) -> u8 {
 /// `ConfirmLinkScreen`'s buttons, left to right: yes, copy, no.
 const LINK_YES: usize = 0;
 const LINK_COPY: usize = 1;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resource_ids_are_listed_once_per_root() {
+        let root = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-ids-{}", std::process::id()));
+        let recipe = root.join("data/minecraft/recipe");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(recipe.join("sub")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(recipe.join("b.json"), "{}").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(recipe.join("sub/a.json"), "{}").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(recipe.join("notes.txt"), "").unwrap();
+        let first = resource_ids(&root);
+        assert_eq!(first.recipes, ["minecraft:b", "minecraft:sub/a"]);
+        assert!(first.loot_tables.is_empty());
+        std::fs::write(recipe.join("c.json"), "{}").unwrap();
+        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&first, &resource_ids(&root)));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+    }
+}
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ pub(super) struct CombatTracker {
    /// The mob exploding now (`ServerExplosion.source`): its team's friendly
    /// fire decides whom the blast may hurt.
    pub(super) explosion_source: Option<u32>,
+    /// The exploding mob named itself (`MobEvent::ExplosionSource`), so the
+    /// blast leaves it out (`getEntities(source, box)`). A source guessed
+    /// from the mobs near the centre is still hurt: it may be a bystander.
+    pub(super) explosion_source_named: bool,
    /// The blast now going off comes from a primed TNT, creeper, wither
    /// skull, wither or TNT minecart, the sources that empty a hive they
    /// destroy (`BeehiveBlock.getDrops`).
@@ -925,24 +925,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                Ok(1)
            }
            "say" | "me" | "msg" => self.cmd_say(id, ctx),
-            "list" => {
-                let names = if ctx.has("uuids") {
-                    Text::translate(
-                        "commands.list.nameAndId",
-                        &[
-                            Text::literal(PLAYER_NAME),
-                            Text::literal(self.player_uuid_string()),
-                        ],
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    Text::literal(PLAYER_NAME)
-                };
-                self.system_message(Text::translate(
-                    "commands.list.players",
-                    &[Text::literal("1"), Text::literal("8"), names],
-                ));
-                Ok(1)
-            }
+            "list" => self.cmd_list(ctx),
            _ => Err(err("command.failed", &[])),
        }
    }
@@ -1929,7 +1912,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    fn spawned_mark(&self) -> (u32, usize) {
        (
            self.next_entity,
-            self.tnts.len() + self.falling.len() + self.creatures.projectiles.len(),
+            self.tnts.len()
+                + self.falling.len()
+                + self.creatures.projectiles.len()
+                + self.rockets.len(),
        )
    }
    /// BlockStateArgument -> registry state.
@@ -3096,6 +3082,63 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        out
    }
+    /// ListPlayersCommand: every online player, the host of a hosted world
+    /// first and then the guests in join order, with the count and the max.
+    fn cmd_list(&mut self, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
+        // A single-player owner is a placed guest of the in-process server, so
+        // it is the host and needs no entry of its own.
+        let owner_listed = self
+            .lan
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|h| h.hub.singleplayer_owner.is_some());
+        // The host is online unless this is a dedicated server, which has none.
+        let host = (self.options.dedicated.is_none() && !owner_listed).then(|| match &self.lan {
+            Some(h) => (h.host_uuid, h.host_name.clone()),
+            None => (self.player_uuid(), PLAYER_NAME.to_owned()),
+        });
+        let guests = self
+            .lan
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|h| h.hub.guests.iter())
+            .filter(|g| g.placed)
+            .map(|g| (g.uuid, g.name.clone()));
+        let players: Vec<(u128, String)> = host.into_iter().chain(guests).collect();
+        let max = self
+            .lan
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or(horizon_client::lan::MAX_PLAYERS, |h| {
+                h.hub.lan.shared.max_players()
+            });
+        let uuids = ctx.has("uuids");
+        let mut names = Text::empty();
+        for (k, (uuid, name)) in players.iter().enumerate() {
+            if k > 0 {
+                // ComponentUtils.formatList: gray commas.
+                names.push(Text::colored(", ", text::GRAY));
+            }
+            if uuids {
+                names.push(Text::translate(
+                    "commands.list.nameAndId",
+                    &[
+                        Text::literal(name.as_str()),
+                        Text::literal(horizon_protocol::crypto::uuid_string(*uuid)),
+                    ],
+                ));
+            } else {
+                names.push(self.player_text(name, *uuid));
+            }
+        }
+        let count = players.len();
+        self.system_message(Text::translate(
+            "commands.list.players",
+            &[
+                Text::literal(count.to_string()),
+                Text::literal(max.to_string()),
+                names,
+            ],
+        ));
+        Ok(count as i32)
+    }
    fn cmd_say(&mut self, id: &str, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
        let raw = match ctx.get(if id == "me" { "action" } else { "message" }) {
            Some(Arg::Str(s)) => s.clone(),
@@ -1115,10 +1115,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
-    /// The player's profile id as `UUID.toString()`: the saved id, else the
-    /// offline id of the player's name.
-    pub(in crate::game) fn player_uuid_string(&self) -> String {
-        let id = self.level.player_uuid.map_or_else(
+    /// The player's profile id: the saved id, else the offline id of the
+    /// player's name.
+    pub(in crate::game) fn player_uuid(&self) -> u128 {
+        self.level.player_uuid.map_or_else(
            || horizon_protocol::crypto::offline_uuid(super::super::chat::PLAYER_NAME),
            |[a, b, c, d]| {
                (u128::from(a as u32) << 96)
@@ -1126,15 +1126,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    | (u128::from(c as u32) << 32)
                    | u128::from(d as u32)
            },
-        );
-        let h = format!("{id:032x}");
-        format!(
-            "{}-{}-{}-{}-{}",
-            &h[..8],
-            &h[8..12],
-            &h[12..16],
-            &h[16..20],
-            &h[20..]
        )
    }
 }
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use horizon_protocol::packets::play::{self, Clientbound as C};
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// ComponentArgument with selectors resolved for the source
    /// (ComponentUtils.updateForEntity: names joined by ", ").
-    fn component_arg(&mut self, ctx: &Context, name: &str) -> R<Text> {
+    pub(in crate::game) fn component_arg(&mut self, ctx: &Context, name: &str) -> R<Text> {
        let Some(Arg::Str(json)) = ctx.get(name) else {
            return Ok(Text::empty());
        };
@@ -124,6 +124,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            "freeze" => DamageKind::Freeze,
            "in_wall" => DamageKind::InWall,
            "thorns" => DamageKind::Thorns,
+            "cramming" => DamageKind::Cramming,
+            "falling_anvil" => DamageKind::FallingAnvil,
+            "falling_block" => DamageKind::FallingBlock,
+            "fireworks" => DamageKind::Fireworks,
+            "generic_kill" => DamageKind::GenericKill,
+            "lightning_bolt" => DamageKind::LightningBolt,
+            "out_of_world" => DamageKind::OutOfWorld,
+            "outside_border" => DamageKind::OutsideBorder,
+            "sonic_boom" => DamageKind::SonicBoom,
+            "spit" => DamageKind::Spit,
+            "stalagmite" => DamageKind::Stalagmite,
+            "starve" => DamageKind::Starve,
+            "sulfur_cube_hot" => DamageKind::SulfurCubeHot,
+            "wind_charge" => DamageKind::WindCharge,
+            "wither" => DamageKind::Wither,
            _ => DamageKind::Generic,
        }
    }
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return;
        }
        rows[index] = self.inventory[..hotbar::SIZE].to_vec();
-        let _ = hotbar::save(&path, &rows);
+        if let Err(e) = hotbar::save(&path, &rows) {
+            // saveHotbar sets the message inside its try, so a failed save says nothing.
+            log::warn!("the creative hotbar was not saved: {e}");
+            return;
+        }
        let key = |mapping: &str| keybinds::display_name(self.settings.keys.get(mapping));
        let message = Text::translate(
            "inventory.hotbarSaved",
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //! chunk-generation spawning (`NaturalSpawner`), mob events (attacks,
 //! breeding, conversions, drops), projectiles, player interactions
 //! (feeding, shearing, milking, spawn eggs, throwing) and rendering.
-use super::{Dim, Game, view_vector};
+use super::{Dim, Game, dispenser, view_vector};
 use horizon_assets::item_model::DisplayContext;
 use horizon_client::{
    Result,
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        self.score_entity_removed(m.id);
        self.raider_died(m, by_player);
-        self.villager_murdered(m, by_player);
+        self.villager_murdered(m, by_player, killer.flatten());
        let pos = [m.position.x, m.position.y + 0.5, m.position.z];
        self.drop_death_loot(&mut dying, by_player, consumed, pos);
        self.create_wither_rose(m);
@@ -1019,7 +1019,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    } else {
                        from_loot(&stack)
                    };
-                    self.spawn_item(item, pos, [0.0, 0.2, 0.0], 10);
+                    // Every death drop is its own ItemEntity, and the drop
+                    // entity's own random (not the level's) gives it the
+                    // constructor's horizontal push (its motion otherwise
+                    // stays [0, 0.2, 0] and the drops land stacked at the
+                    // mob's centre, without disturbing the level random that
+                    // the orbs' merge ids and block ticks read next).
+                    self.spawn_item(item, pos, dispenser::new_item_motion(), 10);
                }
                drops::Drop::Orb(value) if !consumed => self.spawn_orbs(pos, value as u32),
                drops::Drop::Orb(_) => {}
@@ -1125,7 +1131,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                .loot_table(table, false, None, &mut self.world.random),
        };
        for d in stacks {
-            self.spawn_item(d, at, [0.0, 0.2, 0.0], 10);
+            // The ItemEntity constructor's motion, from the entity's own
+            // random (not the level's).
+            self.spawn_item(d, at, dispenser::new_item_motion(), 10);
        }
    }
    /// Adds a projectile, giving it an id from the entity counter
@@ -1301,6 +1309,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        self.note_attacker("minecraft:explosion", id);
                    }
                    self.combat.explosion_source = source_mob;
+                    self.combat.explosion_source_named = noted;
                    // Only a creeper or a wither empties the hives it blows up.
                    // The creeper is already gone from the list, so the event
                    // carries its kind.
@@ -1310,6 +1319,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        self.explode(at, radius)
                    };
                    self.combat.explosion_source = None;
+                    self.combat.explosion_source_named = false;
                    result?
                }
                MobEvent::AttackMob {
@@ -1467,7 +1477,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        extra: None,
                    },
                    at,
-                    [0.0, 0.2, 0.0],
+                    // The ItemEntity constructor's motion, from the entity's
+                    // own random (not the level's), so spawnAtLocation drops
+                    // (a fox's berries, a panda's held food, a goat's horn)
+                    // land apart.
+                    dispenser::new_item_motion(),
                    10,
                ),
                MobEvent::DropGift { table, at } => {
@@ -1476,14 +1490,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                            .items()
                            .loot_table(table, false, None, &mut self.world.random);
                    for stack in stacks {
-                        // The ItemEntity constructor's random motion.
-                        let r = &mut self.world.random;
-                        let v = [
-                            r.next_double() * 0.2 - 0.1,
-                            0.2,
-                            r.next_double() * 0.2 - 0.1,
-                        ];
-                        self.spawn_item(stack, at, v, 10);
+                        // The ItemEntity constructor's motion, from the
+                        // entity's own random (not the level's).
+                        self.spawn_item(stack, at, dispenser::new_item_motion(), 10);
                    }
                }
                // `Level.setBlockAndUpdate`: neighbour and shape updates, so a crop
@@ -4552,15 +4561,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                out,
            );
            if &*mob.kind.id == "minecraft:player" {
-                // PlayerRenderer's WingsLayer and SpinAttackEffectLayer.
-                self.player_elytra_geometry(
-                    mob,
-                    mob.extra.chest.as_deref(),
-                    camera,
-                    alpha as f32,
-                    packed,
-                    out,
-                );
+                // PlayerRenderer's CapeLayer, WingsLayer and SpinAttackEffectLayer.
+                let chest = mob.extra.chest.as_deref();
+                self.player_cape_geometry(mob, chest, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
+                self.player_elytra_geometry(mob, chest, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
                self.spin_attack_geometry(mob, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
            }
            self.mob_block_geometry(mob, camera, alpha, packed, out);
@@ -4880,6 +4884,17 @@ pub(super) fn damage_type(kind: horizon_client::mobs::DamageKind, player: bool)
        K::Freeze => "minecraft:freeze",
        K::OutOfWorld => "minecraft:out_of_world",
        K::Cramming => "minecraft:cramming",
+        K::FallingAnvil => "minecraft:falling_anvil",
+        K::Fireworks => "minecraft:fireworks",
+        K::GenericKill => "minecraft:generic_kill",
+        K::LightningBolt => "minecraft:lightning_bolt",
+        K::OutsideBorder => "minecraft:outside_border",
+        K::Spit => "minecraft:spit",
+        K::Stalagmite => "minecraft:stalagmite",
+        K::Starve => "minecraft:starve",
+        K::SulfurCubeHot => "minecraft:sulfur_cube_hot",
+        K::WindCharge => "minecraft:wind_charge",
+        K::Wither => "minecraft:wither",
    }
 }
 /// A Horizon item stack as a loot stack (id, count, damage, enchantments).
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    power,
                    1.0,
                );
-                self.launch_angled_rocket(at, shot.velocity, ammo);
+                self.launch_angled_rocket(at, shot.velocity, ammo, Some(Who::Player));
            }
            if !rocket {
                let kind = ProjectileKind::Arrow {
@@ -416,6 +416,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                ],
            );
        }
+        // Horizon's own: HDR's output while the setting is on, under the GPU (a group of its
+        // own would move others to the other column).
+        if self.settings.horizon.hdr
+            && let Some(r) = self.renderer.as_ref()
+        {
+            d.group("system", [r.hdr_line()]);
+        }
        // Horizon's own: the shader pack's GPU time per pass (an empty group would move others).
        let pass_lines = self.renderer.as_ref().map_or_else(Vec::new, |r| {
            debug_overlay::shader_pass_lines(&r.shader_pass_times())
@@ -917,6 +924,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                (t.pitch, t.yaw),
            );
        }
+        // EntityType.EYE_OF_ENDER: 0.25 by 0.25, never turned.
+        for (previous, now) in self.end.eye_motions() {
+            let v = |p: glam::DVec3| Vec3::new(p.x, p.y, p.z);
+            g.hitbox(
+                at(v(previous), v(now)),
+                (0.25, 0.25),
+                0.2125,
+                false,
+                (0.0, 0.0),
+            );
+        }
        for r in &self.rockets {
            // Projectile.updateRotation: the look follows the motion.
            let v = r.velocity;
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            "minecraft:firework_rocket" => {
                let mut shot = Projectile::new(ProjectileKind::Snowball, at, None);
                shot.shoot(&mut own, dir, power, uncertainty);
-                self.launch_angled_rocket(at, shot.velocity, &one);
+                self.launch_angled_rocket(at, shot.velocity, &one, None);
            }
            _ => {
                let kind = match item.as_str() {
@@ -181,6 +181,10 @@ impl EndState {
            survive: false,
        });
    }
+    /// Where each eye in flight was last tick and is now (the hitbox view).
+    pub(super) fn eye_motions(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (glam::DVec3, glam::DVec3)> + '_ {
+        self.eyes.iter().map(|e| (e.previous, e.position))
+    }
    /// `EyeOfEnder.tick` on a server's client: it moves by its last known
    /// motion; only the server steers it.
    pub(super) fn step_remote_eyes(&mut self) {
@@ -329,6 +333,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .clone()
    }

+    /// EnderEyeItem.use's `getPlayerPOVHitResult`: whether the block aimed
+    /// at is an End portal frame (the use passes there).
+    pub(super) fn aims_at_end_portal_frame(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pick()
+            .is_some_and(|hit| &*self.block_name(hit.pos) == "minecraft:end_portal_frame")
+    }
+
    /// EnderEyeItem.useOn: fill an empty End portal frame, then light the
    /// portal when the ring of twelve filled frames is complete.
    pub(super) fn use_ender_eye(&mut self, stack: &ItemStack, use_on_block: bool) -> Result<bool> {
@@ -345,7 +356,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            if matches!(self.guest_use, Some(super::GuestUse::OnBlock(_))) {
                return Ok(false);
            }
-            // EnderEyeItem.use: throw the eye towards the nearest stronghold.
+            // EnderEyeItem.use: startUsingItem (getUseDuration 0, so the use
+            // lasts until the button lets go), then the eye is thrown towards
+            // the nearest stronghold if there is one (CONSUME without).
+            if self.using.is_none() {
+                self.using = Some((self.held_slot(), 0));
+            }
            self.throw_ender_eye();
            return Ok(true);
        };
@@ -382,9 +382,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            self.lan = Some(host);
        }
-        // Mobs.
+        // Mobs, but not the one exploding (`getEntities(source, box)`): a
+        // wither's spawn blast neither hurts nor pushes it.
+        let spared = exploding.filter(|_| self.combat.explosion_source_named);
        let mut mobs = std::mem::take(&mut self.mobs);
-        for m in mobs.iter_mut().filter(|m| m.alive()) {
+        for m in mobs
+            .iter_mut()
+            .filter(|m| m.alive() && spared != Some(m.id))
+        {
            let hurtable = teams_allow(self, self.mob_team(m.id));
            let feet = [m.position.x, m.position.y, m.position.z];
            let dist = distance(feet) / diameter;
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ use horizon_assets::item_model::DisplayContext;
 use horizon_client::{
    block_entity_render::vertex_light,
    collisions::SceneCollisions,
+    entity_nbt::RocketNbt,
    items::ItemStack,
    mesher::Vertex,
-    mobs::{Damage, DamageKind},
+    mobs::{Damage, DamageKind, Species, Who},
    particles::{FireworkExplosion, ParticleOptions, ParticleType},
+    projectiles::ProjectileWorld,
 };
 use horizon_core::{
    geometry::{Aabb, Vec3},
@@ -30,9 +32,14 @@ pub(super) struct Rocket {
    pub(super) explosions: Vec<FireworkExplosion>,
    /// Boosting the player (attachedToEntity).
    pub(super) attached: bool,
-    /// On a server, the player it boosts when not this game's own: a guest's
-    /// connection.
+    /// On a server, the guest (by connection) who launched it, or whom it
+    /// boosts: `owner`'s `Who::Player` then means them, not the host.
    pub(super) guest: Option<u32>,
+    /// `Projectile.getOwner`: the player who launched it, credited with
+    /// what its blast hurts.
+    pub(super) owner: Option<Who>,
+    /// `Projectile.leftOwner`: until then it can't hit its owner.
+    left_owner: bool,
    /// `DATA_ATTACHED_TO_TARGET`: the server entity the rocket follows;
    /// boosting happens when it is the local player.
    pub(super) attached_to: Option<u32>,
@@ -57,11 +64,36 @@ impl Rocket {
            explosions,
            attached: false,
            guest: None,
+            owner: None,
+            left_owner: false,
            attached_to: None,
            angled: false,
            item,
        }
    }
+    /// A rocket loaded from its NBT (`/summon`, a saved chunk).
+    pub(super) fn from_nbt(r: RocketNbt) -> Self {
+        let item = r
+            .item
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| ItemStack::new("minecraft:firework_rocket", 1));
+        let (_, explosions) = fireworks_of(&item);
+        Self {
+            id: 0,
+            position: r.position,
+            previous: r.position,
+            velocity: r.motion,
+            life: r.life,
+            lifetime: r.lifetime,
+            explosions,
+            attached: false,
+            guest: None,
+            owner: r.owner,
+            left_owner: r.left_owner,
+            attached_to: None,
+            angled: r.angled,
+            item,
+        }
+    }
    /// One tick of a server's client: the rocket flies on by itself between
    /// the server's updates (a rocket that follows an entity is placed by the
    /// caller).
@@ -72,6 +104,19 @@ impl Rocket {
        }
        self.life += 1;
    }
+    /// The move of a rocket attached to no entity: sped up and rising, or an
+    /// angled one's own motion.
+    fn next_motion(&self) -> Vec3 {
+        if self.angled {
+            self.velocity
+        } else {
+            Vec3::new(
+                self.velocity.x * 1.15,
+                self.velocity.y + 0.04,
+                self.velocity.z * 1.15,
+            )
+        }
+    }
    /// `FireworkRocketEntity.tick` for a rocket attached to no entity: speed
    /// up (an angled one keeps its motion) and rise, then move. True when a
    /// block stopped it.
@@ -85,15 +130,7 @@ impl Rocket {
                self.position.z + h,
            ),
        );
-        let wanted = if self.angled {
-            self.velocity
-        } else {
-            Vec3::new(
-                self.velocity.x * 1.15,
-                self.velocity.y + 0.04,
-                self.velocity.z * 1.15,
-            )
-        };
+        let wanted = self.next_motion();
        let Ok(moved) = scene.resolve(bounds, wanted, 0.0, false) else {
            return false;
        };
@@ -157,6 +194,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            explosions,
            attached,
            guest: None,
+            owner: None,
+            left_owner: false,
            attached_to: None,
            angled: false,
            item: stack.clone(),
@@ -172,7 +211,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            hit.point[1] + f64::from(hit.face[1]) * 0.15,
            hit.point[2] + f64::from(hit.face[2]) * 0.15,
        );
-        let rocket = self.new_rocket(at, stack, false);
+        let mut rocket = self.new_rocket(at, stack, false);
+        rocket.owner = Some(Who::Player);
+        rocket.guest = self.lan_acting;
        self.rockets.push(rocket);
        if !self.creative {
            self.consume_held();
@@ -182,10 +223,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
    /// A rocket shot at an angle (`DATA_SHOT_AT_ANGLE`): out of a dispenser
    /// (`FireworkRocketItem.asProjectile`) or a crossbow.
-    pub(super) fn launch_angled_rocket(&mut self, at: Vec3, velocity: Vec3, stack: &ItemStack) {
+    pub(super) fn launch_angled_rocket(
+        &mut self,
+        at: Vec3,
+        velocity: Vec3,
+        stack: &ItemStack,
+        owner: Option<Who>,
+    ) {
        let mut rocket = self.new_rocket(at, stack, false);
        rocket.velocity = velocity;
        rocket.angled = true;
+        rocket.owner = owner;
+        rocket.guest = self.lan_acting.filter(|_| owner == Some(Who::Player));
        self.rockets.push(rocket);
    }
    /// `FireworkRocketItem.use` while gliding: a rocket attached to the player.
@@ -197,6 +246,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        let at = self.player.as_ref().map_or(Vec3::ZERO, |p| p.position);
        let mut rocket = self.new_rocket(at, stack, true);
+        rocket.owner = Some(Who::Player);
        rocket.guest = self.lan_acting;
        self.rockets.push(rocket);
        if !self.creative {
@@ -206,10 +256,33 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        true
    }
    pub(super) fn tick_rockets(&mut self) {
+        let targets = if self.rockets.is_empty() {
+            Vec::new()
+        } else {
+            self.rocket_targets()
+        };
        let mut i = 0;
        while i < self.rockets.len() {
            let mut r = self.rockets.remove(i);
            r.previous = r.position;
+            // Projectile.tick: whether it has left its owner, before it moves.
+            let owner = self.rocket_owner(&r);
+            if !r.left_owner {
+                let h = 0.125;
+                let reach = Aabb::new(
+                    Vec3::new(r.position.x - h, r.position.y, r.position.z - h),
+                    Vec3::new(r.position.x + h, r.position.y + 2.0 * h, r.position.z + h),
+                )
+                .expand_towards(r.velocity)
+                .inflate(Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+                r.left_owner = owner.is_none_or(|o| {
+                    !targets
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|(who, b)| *who == o && b.intersects(reach))
+                });
+            }
+            let skip = owner.filter(|_| !r.left_owner);
+            let mut hit = None;
            if r.attached
                && let Some(conn) = r.guest
            {
@@ -235,7 +308,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    r.position = p.position;
                    r.velocity = p.velocity;
                }
+                hit = self.rocket_struck(&targets, &r, r.velocity, skip);
            } else {
+                // getHitResultOnMoveVector before the move.
+                hit = self.rocket_struck(&targets, &r, r.next_motion(), skip);
                let mut scene = SceneCollisions {
                    world: &self.world,
                    binding: self.collision,
@@ -246,6 +322,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    r.life = r.lifetime;
                }
            }
+            // hitTargetOrDeflectSelf on an entity: a breeze turns it back
+            // (ProjectileDeflection.REVERSE), anything else sets it off.
+            match hit {
+                Some(Who::Mob(id))
+                    if self
+                        .mobs
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|m| m.id == id && m.species() == Species::Breeze) =>
+                {
+                    r.velocity = r.velocity.scale(-0.5);
+                }
+                Some(_) => r.life = r.lifetime,
+                None => {}
+            }
            let at = [r.position.x, r.position.y, r.position.z];
            if r.life == 0 {
                self.audio.play(
@@ -327,17 +417,28 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    })
                    .collect()
            };
-            for (id, amount) in hits {
-                if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == id) {
-                    m.damage(
-                        amount,
-                        Damage {
-                            kind: DamageKind::Explosion,
-                            attacker: None,
-                            from: Some(at),
-                        },
-                    );
+            // damageSources().fireworks(this, getOwner()): a guest's rocket
+            // hurts as theirs, and the mobs it hit answer to them.
+            let owner = r.owner;
+            if let Some(conn) = r.guest.filter(|_| owner.is_some())
+                && let Some(mut host) = self.lan.take()
+            {
+                let ran = self
+                    .as_guest(&mut host, conn, |g| g.rocket_hurt_mobs(&hits, owner, at))
+                    .is_some();
+                if ran {
+                    for (id, _) in &hits {
+                        if self.mobs.iter().any(|m| m.id == *id) {
+                            host.mob_players.insert(*id, conn);
+                        }
+                    }
                }
+                self.lan = Some(host);
+                if !ran {
+                    self.rocket_hurt_mobs(&hits, owner, at);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.rocket_hurt_mobs(&hits, owner, at);
            }
        }
        let camera = self.eye_position().unwrap_or(at);
@@ -345,6 +446,87 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.particles
            .fireworks(at, v, r.explosions.clone(), camera);
    }
+    fn rocket_hurt_mobs(&mut self, hits: &[(u32, f32)], attacker: Option<Who>, at: [f64; 3]) {
+        for &(id, amount) in hits {
+            if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == id) {
+                m.damage(
+                    amount,
+                    Damage {
+                        kind: DamageKind::Explosion,
+                        attacker,
+                        from: Some(at),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// The owner as `rocket_targets` names it: a guest by their entity id.
+    fn rocket_owner(&self, r: &Rocket) -> Option<Who> {
+        let owner = r.owner?;
+        let Some(conn) = r.guest.filter(|_| owner == Who::Player) else {
+            return Some(owner);
+        };
+        let host = self.lan.as_ref()?;
+        let g = host.hub.guests.iter().find(|g| g.conn == conn)?;
+        Some(Who::Mob(g.entity_id as u32))
+    }
+    /// What a rocket can hit (`Projectile.canHitEntity`): living mobs, the
+    /// dragon's parts and crystals, the player and the guests.
+    fn rocket_targets(&self) -> Vec<(Who, Aabb)> {
+        let mut targets: Vec<(Who, Aabb)> = self
+            .mobs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|m| m.alive())
+            .map(|m| (Who::Mob(m.id), m.bounds()))
+            .collect();
+        if let Some(p) = self.player_view()
+            && p.alive
+            && !self.spectator()
+        {
+            targets.push((Who::Player, p.bounds));
+        }
+        targets.extend(
+            self.special_targets()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(id, b)| (Who::Mob(id), b)),
+        );
+        targets.extend(self.lan_projectile_targets());
+        targets
+    }
+    /// `ProjectileUtil.getHitResultOnMoveVector`'s entity half: the nearest
+    /// target on the move, short of the block it clips, each box grown by
+    /// `computeMargin` (`tickCount` is the rocket's life plus one).
+    fn rocket_struck(
+        &self,
+        targets: &[(Who, Aabb)],
+        r: &Rocket,
+        motion: Vec3,
+        skip: Option<Who>,
+    ) -> Option<Who> {
+        let from = r.position;
+        let mut to = from.add_vector(motion);
+        let w = self.mob_world_base(&[]);
+        if let Some((at, ..)) = (super::creatures::ProjWorld {
+            w: &w,
+            targets: Vec::new(),
+        })
+        .clip(from, to)
+        {
+            to = at;
+        }
+        let margin = (f64::from(r.life - 1) / 20.0).clamp(0.0, 0.3);
+        targets
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(who, _)| Some(*who) != skip)
+            .filter_map(|(who, b)| {
+                let at = b
+                    .inflate(Vec3::new(margin, margin, margin))
+                    .clip(from, to)?;
+                Some((*who, from.distance_squared(at)))
+            })
+            .min_by(|a, b| a.1.total_cmp(&b.1))
+            .map(|(who, _)| who)
+    }
    /// FireworkRocketEntity.handleEntityEvent: use the synchronized item data.
    pub(super) fn remote_firework_explosion(&mut self, id: i32) {
        let camera = self.eye_position();
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            (p.position.x - start[0]) as f32,
            (p.position.z - start[2]) as f32,
        );
-        self.avatar.tick();
+        self.avatar.tick(start);
        self.avatar
            .update_bob(ground && alive && !swimming, velocity);
        if riding {
@@ -572,6 +572,75 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .chain(self.fns.enabled.iter().cloned())
            .collect()
    }
+    /// `FileUtil.isPathPartPortable`: no trailing dot and no Windows device
+    /// name (CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM and LPT with a digit from 1 to 9).
+    fn is_portable_name(name: &str) -> bool {
+        let stem = name.split('.').next().unwrap_or_default();
+        let device = match stem.len() {
+            3 => matches!(stem, "com" | "con" | "prn" | "aux" | "nul"),
+            4 => matches!(&stem[..3], "com" | "lpt") && matches!(stem.as_bytes()[3], b'1'..=b'9'),
+            _ => false,
+        };
+        !device && !name.ends_with('.')
+    }
+    /// `DataPackCommand.createPack`: a pack folder with its `data` folder and a
+    /// `pack.mcmeta` in the world's datapacks folder.
+    fn create_pack(&mut self, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
+        let id = match ctx.get("id") {
+            Some(Arg::Str(s)) => s.clone(),
+            _ => String::new(),
+        };
+        let description = self.component_arg(ctx, "description")?;
+        // FileUtil.isValidPathSegment: lowercase letters, digits, '-', '.' and '_'.
+        let valid = !id.is_empty()
+            && id != "."
+            && id != ".."
+            && id
+                .chars()
+                .all(|c| matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | '0'..='9' | '-' | '.' | '_'));
+        if !valid {
+            return Err(err("commands.datapack.create.invalid_name", &[&id]));
+        }
+        if !Self::is_portable_name(&id) {
+            return Err(err("commands.datapack.create.invalid_full_name", &[&id]));
+        }
+        // Without a world there is no datapacks folder to write to.
+        if self.world_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+            return Err(err("commands.datapack.create.io_failure", &[&id]));
+        }
+        let datapacks = self.world_root.join("datapacks");
+        let pack = datapacks.join(&id);
+        if pack.exists() {
+            return Err(err("commands.datapack.create.already_exists", &[&id]));
+        }
+        // The data pack version (SharedConstants), written as a bare major
+        // number for both bounds, as vanilla does.
+        let pack_format = horizon_core::version::DATA_PACK_FORMAT.0;
+        let mcmeta = serde_json::json!({
+            "pack": {
+                "description": description.component(),
+                "min_format": pack_format,
+                "max_format": pack_format,
+            }
+        });
+        let written = std::fs::create_dir_all(&datapacks)
+            .and_then(|()| std::fs::create_dir(&pack))
+            .and_then(|()| std::fs::create_dir(pack.join("data")))
+            .and_then(|()| {
+                std::fs::write(
+                    pack.join("pack.mcmeta"),
+                    serde_json::to_string_pretty(&mcmeta).unwrap_or_default(),
+                )
+            });
+        if written.is_err() {
+            return Err(err("commands.datapack.create.io_failure", &[&id]));
+        }
+        self.feedback(Text::translate(
+            "commands.datapack.create.success",
+            &[Text::literal(id)],
+        ));
+        Ok(1)
+    }
    pub(super) fn cmd_datapack(&mut self, id: &str, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
        self.ensure_datapacks();
        let name = match ctx.get("name") {
@@ -590,6 +659,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                || g.fns.packs.iter().any(|p| p.id == n)
        };
        match id {
+            "datapack.create" => self.create_pack(ctx),
            "datapack.list" => {
                let want_enabled = ctx.has("enabled") || (!ctx.has("available"));
                let want_available = ctx.has("available") || (!ctx.has("enabled"));
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ use horizon_client::{
    first_person::{Hand, HandWorld, Hit, SwingAnimation, UseResult, swing_duration},
    items::ItemStack,
 };
+use horizon_core::geometry::{Aabb, Vec3};

 /// The off hand's place in `visible_hands` (the main hand uses its hotbar slot).
 const OFFHAND: usize = usize::MAX;

-/// `AttackRange.isInRange`: float bounds, then inclusive double comparison.
-fn attack_range_contains(range: &serde_json::Value, distance: f64, creative: bool) -> bool {
+/// `AttackRange.effectiveMinRange`, `effectiveMaxRange` (for a player) and
+/// `hitboxMargin` of an `attack_range` component.
+fn attack_reach(range: &serde_json::Value, creative: bool) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    let value = |key: &str, default: f32| range[key].as_f64().map_or(default, |v| v as f32);
    let (min, max) = if creative {
        (
@@ -25,7 +27,34 @@ fn attack_range_contains(range: &serde_json::Value, distance: f64, creative: boo
    } else {
        (value("min_reach", 0.0), value("max_reach", 3.0))
    };
-    let margin = value("hitbox_margin", 0.3);
+    (min, max, value("hitbox_margin", 0.3))
+}
+
+fn v3(v: [f64; 3]) -> Vec3 {
+    Vec3::new(v[0], v[1], v[2])
+}
+
+/// `LocalPlayer.raycastHitResult` with an item that has an attack range
+/// (`AttackRange.getClosesetHit`): the distance from the eye to the nearest
+/// box hit along the item's own `reach`, which goes past the plain pick's
+/// 3 blocks (a spear's 4.5). A miss falls back to the plain pick (`None`).
+fn reach_pick(
+    boxes: &[(usize, Aabb)],
+    eye: Vec3,
+    look: Vec3,
+    movement: Vec3,
+    reach: (f32, f32, f32),
+    clip: impl Fn(Vec3, Vec3) -> Option<Vec3>,
+) -> Option<f64> {
+    super::spear::hits_in_reach(boxes, eye, look, movement, reach, clip)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(_, at)| eye.distance_squared(at).sqrt())
+        .reduce(f64::min)
+}
+
+/// `AttackRange.isInRange`: float bounds, then inclusive double comparison.
+fn attack_range_contains(range: &serde_json::Value, distance: f64, creative: bool) -> bool {
+    let (min, max, margin) = attack_reach(range, creative);
    distance >= f64::from(min - margin) && distance <= f64::from(max + margin)
 }

@@ -261,10 +290,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// it is alive (the nearest entity under the crosshair, before any block).
    pub(super) fn crosshair_living(&self) -> Option<bool> {
        let nearest = |hits: &[Option<f64>]| hits.iter().flatten().copied().reduce(f64::min);
-        let living = nearest(&[
-            self.mob_hit().map(|h| h.1),
-            self.armor_stand_hit().map(|h| h.1),
-        ])?;
        let other = nearest(&[
            self.painting_hit().map(|h| h.1),
            self.frame_hit().map(|h| h.1),
@@ -272,24 +297,49 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.cart_hit().map(|h| h.1),
            self.dragon_hit().map(|h| h.1),
        ]);
-        if !self.before_block(living) || other.is_some_and(|o| o <= living) {
-            return None;
-        }
        let active = self
            .using
            .and_then(|(slot, _)| self.inventory.get(slot).and_then(Option::as_ref))
            .or_else(|| self.held());
-        if let Some(stack) = active {
-            let components = self
-                .pack
+        let range = active.and_then(|stack| {
+            self.pack
                .item_renderer
                .models
-                .components(&horizon_client::item_render::stack_view(stack));
-            if let Some(range) = components.get("minecraft:attack_range")
-                && !attack_range_contains(range, living, self.creative)
-            {
-                return None;
-            }
+                .components(&horizon_client::item_render::stack_view(stack))
+                .get("minecraft:attack_range")
+                .cloned()
+        });
+        let spear = range.as_ref().and_then(|r| {
+            let eye = self.eye_position()?;
+            let look = super::view_vector(self.yaw, self.pitch);
+            let reach = attack_reach(r, self.creative);
+            let boxes = self.hittable_mob_boxes();
+            let clip = |from: Vec3, to: Vec3| {
+                let length = from.distance_squared(to).sqrt();
+                let d = to.subtract(from).scale(1.0 / length);
+                (length > 0.0)
+                    .then(|| self.clip_ray([from.x, from.y, from.z], [d.x, d.y, d.z], length))
+                    .flatten()
+                    .map(|hit| Vec3::new(hit.point[0], hit.point[1], hit.point[2]))
+            };
+            let movement = self.known_player_movement();
+            reach_pick(&boxes, v3(eye), v3(look), movement, reach, clip)
+        });
+        let living = match spear {
+            Some(distance) => distance,
+            None => nearest(&[
+                self.mob_hit().map(|h| h.1),
+                self.armor_stand_hit().map(|h| h.1),
+            ])?,
+        };
+        if (spear.is_none() && !self.before_block(living)) || other.is_some_and(|o| o <= living) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        // Hud.extractCrosshair: with an attack range, the hit must be in it.
+        if let Some(range) = &range
+            && !attack_range_contains(range, living, self.creative)
+        {
+            return None;
        }
        // Only alive mobs are hit, so a picked living entity is alive.
        Some(true)
@@ -324,12 +374,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let Some(hit) = self.pick() else {
            return false;
        };
-        let name = &*self
+        let id = &*self
            .res
            .facts()
            .get(self.world.block(hit.pos[0], hit.pos[1], hit.pos[2]))
            .name;
-        let name = name.trim_start_matches("minecraft:");
+        let name = id.trim_start_matches("minecraft:");
        match name {
            // BlockBehaviour.getMenuProvider and `instanceof Portal`.
            "crafting_table" | "enchanting_table" | "anvil" | "chipped_anvil" | "damaged_anvil"
@@ -338,8 +388,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            | "dispenser" | "dropper" | "crafter" | "lectern" | "beacon" | "nether_portal"
            | "end_portal" | "end_gateway" => true,
            // ChestBlock.getMenuProvider: none while a redstone conductor
-            // sits on top of either half (a sitting cat aside).
-            "chest" | "trapped_chest" => {
+            // sits on top of either half (a sitting cat aside). Copper
+            // chests are `ChestBlock`s too.
+            _ if horizon_client::containers::is_chest_block(id) => {
                let key = (hit.pos[0], hit.pos[1], hit.pos[2]);
                let blocked = |p: (i32, i32, i32)| {
                    let above = self.world.block(p.0, p.1 + 1, p.2);
@@ -563,6 +614,40 @@ impl HandWorld for GameHands<'_, '_> {
 mod tests {
    use super::*;

+    /// A zombie-sized box whose near face is `distance` blocks ahead of an
+    /// eye at the origin looking along +z.
+    fn mob_ahead(distance: f64) -> Vec<(usize, Aabb)> {
+        let min = Vec3::new(-0.3, -1.0, distance);
+        vec![(0, Aabb::new(min, min.add_vector(Vec3::new(0.6, 1.95, 0.6))))]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_spear_picks_a_mob_past_the_plain_reach() {
+        // #3209: a mob 4 blocks ahead is out of the plain pick's 3 blocks but
+        // within a spear's attack range (min 2, max 4.5, margin 0.125), so the
+        // crosshair picks it and the attack indicator shows.
+        let spear = serde_json::json!({
+            "min_reach": 2.0, "max_reach": 4.5,
+            "min_creative_reach": 2.0, "max_creative_reach": 6.5,
+            "hitbox_margin": 0.125,
+        });
+        let (eye, look) = (Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+        let boxes = mob_ahead(4.0);
+        let reach = attack_reach(&spear, false);
+        let pick = reach_pick(&boxes, eye, look, Vec3::ZERO, reach, |_, _| None);
+        assert_eq!(pick, Some(4.0));
+        assert!(attack_range_contains(&spear, 4.0, false));
+        // Past the maximum plus the margin: no pick.
+        let far = mob_ahead(4.7);
+        assert_eq!(
+            reach_pick(&far, eye, look, Vec3::ZERO, reach, |_, _| None),
+            None
+        );
+        // A block nearer than the minimum reach takes the pick.
+        let wall = |from: Vec3, _: Vec3| Some(from.add_vector(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
+        assert_eq!(reach_pick(&boxes, eye, look, Vec3::ZERO, reach, wall), None);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn attack_range_uses_inclusive_float_bounds() {
        let range = serde_json::json!({
@@ -425,6 +425,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return result.and(stopped);
        }
        let mut next = Instant::now();
+        let mut was_paused = false;
        while !flags.stop.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
            self.run_tasks();
            if self.agent.hold_server {
@@ -434,6 +435,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                continue;
            }
            let paused = flags.paused.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+            if paused && !was_paused {
+                // IntegratedServer.tickServer: the tick the game pauses saves
+                // everything (saveEverything, without flushing), as an
+                // autosave does.
+                log::info!("Saving and pausing game...");
+                self.save_game_with(false)?;
+            }
+            was_paused = paused;
            if paused {
                // Only the connections run.
                self.tick_server_timed(true)?;
@@ -458,6 +458,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
+    use serde_json::json;

    #[test]
    fn civil_dates_follow_the_gregorian_calendar() {
@@ -465,4 +466,27 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(civil(19_716), (2023, 12, 25));
        assert_eq!(civil(11_016), (2000, 2, 29));
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_shield_is_used_for_the_vanilla_s_time() {
+        // Item.getUseDuration: an item with `blocks_attacks` (a shield) is
+        // used for 72000 ticks, so its use animation (the arm held up)
+        // runs instead of ending at once (#2289).
+        let mut shield = Components::new();
+        shield.insert("minecraft:blocks_attacks".into(), json!({}));
+        assert_eq!(use_duration(&shield), 72_000);
+        // Food is used for as long as it takes to eat it.
+        let mut food = Components::new();
+        food.insert(
+            "minecraft:consumable".into(),
+            json!({"consume_seconds": 1.6}),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(use_duration(&food), 32);
+        // The bow keeps its own use time.
+        let mut bow = Components::new();
+        bow.insert("minecraft:item_model".into(), json!("minecraft:bow"));
+        assert_eq!(use_duration(&bow), 72_000);
+        // Anything else is not used at all.
+        assert_eq!(use_duration(&Components::new()), 0);
+    }
 }
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ fn mob_meta(
    // Entity.DATA_SHARED_FLAGS_ID: on fire 0x01, swimming 0x10 (a drowned
    // under water, `Drowned.setSwimming`), invisible 0x20 (the effect's flag)
    // and glowing 0x40 (LivingEntity.updateGlowingStatus).
-    let shared = i8::from(m.fire_ticks > 0)
+    let shared = i8::from(m.is_on_fire())
        | i8::from(m.species() == Species::Drowned && m.extra.flag) << 4
        | i8::from(m.invisible || horizon_client::mobs::trader::is_invisible(m)) << 5
        | i8::from(m.is_currently_glowing()) << 6;
@@ -801,6 +801,14 @@ fn mob_meta(
            }
            defaults.push((18, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(false)));
        }
+        // Skeleton.DATA_STRAY_CONVERSION_ID (the first entry after Mob's):
+        // the shaking of the freezing conversion.
+        "minecraft:skeleton" => {
+            if e.counter2 > 0 {
+                meta.push((16, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(true)));
+            }
+            defaults.push((16, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(false)));
+        }
        // AbstractVillager.DATA_UNHAPPY_COUNTER (after AgeableMob's two).
        "minecraft:wandering_trader" => unhappy_counter(m, meta, defaults),
        // Hoglin.DATA_IMMUNE_TO_ZOMBIFICATION (after AgeableMob's two) and
@@ -2152,6 +2160,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                .is_some_and(|s| s.data().is_some_and(|d| !d.charged.is_empty()));
            // ClientInformation.mainHand (HumanoidArm: 0 left, 1 right).
            m.extra.main_hand_left = g.info.main_hand == 0;
+            m.extra.hidden_model_parts = !g.info.model_customisation & 0x7F;
            // LivingEntity.DATA_EFFECT_PARTICLES: the swirls of its visible effects.
            let visible = || g.effects.list.iter().filter(|e| e.visible);
            m.extra.effect_particles = visible()
@@ -833,35 +833,23 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .facts()
            .get(self.world.block(pos.0, pos.1, pos.2))
            .name;
-        let (menu, title, slots) = if &**name == "minecraft:ender_chest" {
+        let (menu, slots) = if &**name == "minecraft:ender_chest" {
            // EnderChestBlock.useWithoutItem: the player's own inventory.
-            (
-                "minecraft:generic_9x3",
-                "container.enderchest",
-                Slots::Ender,
-            )
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x3", Slots::Ender)
        } else if let Some(BlockEntity::Furnace(f)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&pos) {
            // AbstractFurnaceBlock.openContainer: FurnaceMenu, BlastFurnaceMenu, SmokerMenu.
-            let (menu, title) = match f.kind.recipe_type() {
-                "minecraft:blasting" => ("minecraft:blast_furnace", "container.blast_furnace"),
-                "minecraft:smoking" => ("minecraft:smoker", "container.smoker"),
-                _ => ("minecraft:furnace", "container.furnace"),
+            let menu = match f.kind.recipe_type() {
+                "minecraft:blasting" => "minecraft:blast_furnace",
+                "minecraft:smoking" => "minecraft:smoker",
+                _ => "minecraft:furnace",
            };
-            (menu, title, Slots::Block(pos))
+            (menu, Slots::Block(pos))
        } else if let Some(BlockEntity::Crafter(_)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&pos) {
            // CrafterBlock.useWithoutItem: CrafterMenu over the block entity.
-            (
-                "minecraft:crafter_3x3",
-                "container.crafter",
-                Slots::Block(pos),
-            )
+            ("minecraft:crafter_3x3", Slots::Block(pos))
        } else if let Some(BlockEntity::Brewing(_)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&pos) {
            // BrewingStandBlock.useWithoutItem: BrewingStandMenu.
-            (
-                "minecraft:brewing_stand",
-                "container.brewing",
-                Slots::Block(pos),
-            )
+            ("minecraft:brewing_stand", Slots::Block(pos))
        } else if let Some((other, right)) = self.chest_partner(pos) {
            // ChestBlock.combine: the right half's slots come first.
            let halves = if right {
@@ -869,24 +857,33 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            } else {
                Slots::Double(other, pos)
            };
-            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", "container.chestDouble", halves)
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", halves)
        } else {
            let Some(BlockEntity::Chest(items)) = self.world.block_entities.get(&pos) else {
                return false;
            };
-            let (menu, title) = match items.len() {
-                27 => ("minecraft:generic_9x3", "container.chest"),
-                9 => ("minecraft:generic_3x3", "container.dispenser"),
-                5 => ("minecraft:hopper", "container.hopper"),
+            let menu = match items.len() {
+                27 => "minecraft:generic_9x3",
+                9 => "minecraft:generic_3x3",
+                5 => "minecraft:hopper",
                _ => return false,
            };
-            let title = match &**name {
-                "minecraft:barrel" => "container.barrel",
-                "minecraft:dropper" => "container.dropper",
-                n if n.ends_with("shulker_box") => "container.shulkerBox",
-                _ => title,
-            };
-            (menu, title, Slots::Block(pos))
+            (menu, Slots::Block(pos))
+        };
+        // The menu provider's getDisplayName: a container's custom name
+        // (BaseContainerBlockEntity.getName) or its default name.
+        let custom = |k: (i32, i32, i32)| self.world.block_names.get(&k).map(String::as_str);
+        let title = match slots {
+            Slots::Ender => horizon_protocol::text::translatable("container.enderchest", &[]),
+            Slots::Double(first, second) => {
+                horizon_client::containers::double_chest_name(custom(first), custom(second))
+            }
+            Slots::Block(k) => {
+                let Some(key) = horizon_client::containers::default_name_key(name) else {
+                    return false;
+                };
+                horizon_client::containers::display_name(custom(k), key)
+            }
        };
        let Some(items) = host
            .hub
@@ -898,14 +895,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // ServerPlayer.openMenu closes the menu that was open.
        self.guest_container_closed(host, conn);
        self.lan_station_closed(host, conn, None);
-        host.hub.open_container(
-            conn,
-            menu,
-            horizon_protocol::text::translatable(title, &[]),
-            pos,
-            slots,
-            items,
-        );
+        host.hub
+            .open_container(conn, menu, title, pos, slots, items);
        true
    }

@@ -1186,9 +1177,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            S::UseItemOn(p) => {
                host.hub.ack(conn, p.sequence);
-                if spectator {
-                    return;
-                }
                // handleUseItemOn: within reach, and the hit point within the block.
                let inside = p
                    .cursor
@@ -1331,6 +1319,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                let g = &mut host.hub.guests[gi];
                let old = g.menu_slot(slot);
                g.set_menu_slot(slot, item.clone());
+                // InventoryMenu.setRemoteSlot: the client already has it, so broadcastChanges
+                // sends nothing back that could undo a click made since.
+                g.menu_sent[slot] = item.clone();
                // InventoryMenu's ArmorSlot and off-hand slot: setByPlayer.
                let equipment = match slot {
                    5..=8 => Some(["head", "chest", "legs", "feet"][slot - 5]),
@@ -1667,9 +1658,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        host.hub.teleport(gi, Some(at));
    }
    fn guest_tick_death(&mut self, host: &mut LanHost, gi: usize) {
-        let g = &mut host.hub.guests[gi];
-        g.death_time += 1;
-        if g.death_time >= 20 {
+        if host.hub.guests[gi].tick_death() {
            self.guest_drop_carried(host, gi);
        }
    }
@@ -1888,8 +1877,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // ListPlayersCommand needs no permission and lists every player.
        let words: Vec<&str> = command.trim_start_matches('/').split(' ').collect();
        if words[0] == "list" && (words.len() == 1 || words[1..] == ["uuids"]) {
-            let me = (self.options.dedicated.is_none() && self.player.is_some())
-                .then_some((host.host_uuid, host.host_name.as_str()));
+            // A single-player owner is a placed guest already: no host entry.
+            let me = (self.options.dedicated.is_none()
+                && self.player.is_some()
+                && host.hub.singleplayer_owner.is_none())
+            .then_some((host.host_uuid, host.host_name.as_str()));
            let content = host.hub.list_reply(me, words.len() == 2);
            host.hub.send_to(
                conn,
@@ -2372,14 +2364,25 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    None => self.guest_death_message(conn, me),
                };
                let message = horizon_client::lan::data::component_nbt(&text.component());
-                let team = self.score.board.players_team(&name);
-                if horizon_client::scoreboard::own_death_message_shown(team) {
-                    host.hub.system_message(message.clone());
-                    if self.options.dedicated.is_some() {
+                let board = &self.score.board;
+                host.hub.system_message_to(message.clone(), |other| {
+                    horizon_client::scoreboard::death_message_reaches(board, &name, other)
+                });
+                if self.options.dedicated.is_some() {
+                    // Only a message for everyone is logged (`broadcastSystemMessage`).
+                    if board.players_team(&name).is_none_or(|t| {
+                        t.death_message_visibility == horizon_client::scoreboard::Visibility::Always
+                    }) {
                        super::dedicated::log("INFO", &format!("System chat: {}", text.plain()));
-                    } else if self.player.is_some() {
-                        self.system_message(text);
                    }
+                } else if self.player.is_some()
+                    && horizon_client::scoreboard::death_message_reaches(
+                        board,
+                        &name,
+                        super::chat::PLAYER_NAME,
+                    )
+                {
+                    self.system_message(text);
                }
                message
            } else {
@@ -242,6 +242,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            _ => None,
        };
        if host.hub.guests[gi].spectator() {
+            // handleContainerClick: nothing changes, and sendAllDataToRemote
+            // takes back what the client predicted.
+            host.hub.resend_menu(conn, p.container, &self.world);
            return true;
        }
        let mut menu = host
@@ -167,6 +167,24 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                e.meta.push((15, serializer::BYTE, Value::Byte(flags)));
            }
            e.meta.extend(stand_poses(a));
+            // Entity.DATA_CUSTOM_NAME and DATA_CUSTOM_NAME_VISIBLE: a hologram's text.
+            if let Some(name) = &a.custom_name {
+                e.meta.push((
+                    2,
+                    serializer::OPTIONAL_COMPONENT,
+                    Value::OptText(Some(horizon_client::scoreboard::json_to_tag(
+                        &name.component(),
+                    ))),
+                ));
+                if a.name_visible {
+                    e.meta.push((3, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(true)));
+                }
+            }
+            // A name taken away or hidden again (`/data`) is sent as none / false.
+            e.defaults
+                .push((2, serializer::OPTIONAL_COMPONENT, Value::OptText(None)));
+            e.defaults
+                .push((3, serializer::BOOLEAN, Value::Bool(false)));
            // A pose put back to its default (`/data`) is sent as that default.
            e.defaults.push((15, serializer::BYTE, Value::Byte(0)));
            for (i, default) in horizon_client::entities::ArmorStand::DEFAULT_POSE
@@ -109,16 +109,6 @@ fn offset(p: Pos, d: Direction) -> Pos {
    let s = step(d);
    (p.0 + s[0], p.1 + s[1], p.2 + s[2])
 }
-fn clockwise(d: Direction) -> Direction {
-    match d {
-        Direction::North => Direction::East,
-        Direction::East => Direction::South,
-        Direction::South => Direction::West,
-        Direction::West => Direction::North,
-        other => other,
-    }
-}
-
 /// State-level container queries shared by the game and comparator signals.
 struct Containers<'a> {
    world: &'a World,
@@ -176,7 +166,7 @@ impl Containers<'_> {
            _ => Kind::Generic,
        };
        let size = entity.slots().len();
-        if matches!(name, "minecraft:chest" | "minecraft:trapped_chest") {
+        if horizon_client::containers::is_chest_block(name) {
            let is_blocked = |p: Pos| {
                let above = self.world.block(p.0, p.1 + 1, p.2);
                self.behaviours.facts(above).flags
@@ -186,22 +176,19 @@ impl Containers<'_> {
            if blocked_chests && is_blocked(pos) {
                return None;
            }
-            let kind_prop = self.prop(state, "type").unwrap_or("single");
-            if kind_prop != "single"
-                && let Some(facing) = self.prop(state, "facing").and_then(dir_from_name)
+            let half = |s: BlockStateId| {
+                Some(horizon_client::containers::ChestHalf {
+                    block: self.name(s),
+                    kind: self.prop(s, "type")?,
+                    facing: self.prop(s, "facing")?,
+                })
+            };
+            if let Some(own) = half(state)
+                && let Some((dx, dz)) = own.connected_step()
            {
-                // ChestBlock.getConnectedDirection
-                let connected = if kind_prop == "left" {
-                    clockwise(facing)
-                } else {
-                    clockwise(clockwise(clockwise(facing)))
-                };
-                let other = offset(pos, connected);
+                let other = (pos.0 + dx, pos.1, pos.2 + dz);
                let other_state = self.world.block(other.0, other.1, other.2);
-                let paired = self.name(other_state) == name
-                    && self
-                        .prop(other_state, "type")
-                        .is_some_and(|t| t != "single" && t != kind_prop)
+                let paired = half(other_state).is_some_and(|o| own.pairs_with(&o))
                    && self
                        .world
                        .block_entities
@@ -211,7 +198,7 @@ impl Containers<'_> {
                    if blocked_chests && is_blocked(other) {
                        return None;
                    }
-                    let parts = if kind_prop == "right" {
+                    let parts = if own.kind == "right" {
                        vec![(pos, size), (other, 27)]
                    } else {
                        vec![(other, 27), (pos, size)]
@@ -246,9 +246,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.paint_screen(batch, ox, oy, background, true);
        let atlas = &self.gui.atlas;
        let grey = rgba(64, 64, 64, 255);
-        let title = self.container_title(self.translate("container.crafter", "Crafter"));
-        let tw = HudBatch::text_width(atlas, &title);
-        batch.text(
+        // A server's crafter menu has the title it was given.
+        let title = self.remote_menu_title().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            horizon_client::text::Text::literal(
+                self.container_title(self.translate("container.crafter", "Crafter")),
+            )
+            .resolve_legacy()
+        });
+        let tw = atlas.font.width_text(&title);
+        batch.text_styled(
            atlas,
            &title,
            ox + ((176.0 - tw) / 2.0).trunc(),
@@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }
    /// `renderTwoHandedMap`: map `id` held in both hands, in view space (the
-    /// arms under it are not drawn).
+    /// arms under it: `first_person::map_arm_poses`).
    pub(super) fn two_handed_map_geometry(
        &mut self,
        to_world: glam::Mat4,
@@ -1318,22 +1318,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        light: u32,
        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
    ) {
+        use horizon_core::geometry::trig::Mth;
        let deg = |d: f32| d.to_radians();
-        let sqrt_attack = attack.sqrt();
-        let y_swing = -0.2 * (attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
-        let z_swing = -0.4 * (sqrt_attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
-        // calculateMapTilt
-        let tilt = (1.0 - self.pitch / 45.0 + 0.1).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-        let tilt = -(tilt * std::f32::consts::PI).cos() * 0.5 + 0.5;
        let base = to_world
-            * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.0, -y_swing / 2.0, z_swing))
-            * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(
-                0.0,
-                0.04 + inverse_height * -1.2 + tilt * -0.5,
-                -0.72,
-            ))
-            * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_x(deg(tilt * -85.0));
-        let swing = (sqrt_attack * std::f32::consts::PI).sin();
+            * horizon_client::first_person::two_handed_map_base(self.pitch, inverse_height, attack);
+        let swing = (attack.sqrt() * std::f32::consts::PI).msin();
        let m = base
            * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_x(deg(swing * 20.0))
            * glam::Mat4::from_scale(glam::Vec3::splat(2.0));
@@ -1227,6 +1227,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        light: u32,
        diffuse: bool,
        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
+    ) {
+        self.block_model_vertices_tinted(state, seed, m, light, diffuse, 0xFF_FFFF, out);
+    }
+    /// `block_model_vertices` with `tint` (RGB) on the faces that have a tint index.
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    pub(super) fn block_model_vertices_tinted(
+        &self,
+        state: BlockStateId,
+        seed: i64,
+        m: glam::Mat4,
+        light: u32,
+        diffuse: bool,
+        tint: u32,
+        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
    ) {
        let Ok(models) = self.pack.render.model_catalog.collect_seeded(state, seed) else {
            return;
@@ -1253,6 +1267,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                } else {
                    0xFF00_0000 | shade << 16 | shade << 8 | shade
                };
+                let color = if face.quad.tint_index >= 0 {
+                    let tint = horizon_client::mobs::render::abgr(tint);
+                    horizon_client::hud_layout::multiply(color, tint)
+                } else {
+                    color
+                };
                let normal = if diffuse {
                    use horizon_client::item_render::{direction_vector, transform_normal};
                    let n = transform_normal(m, direction_vector(face.quad.facing));
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Blocks mobs carry: block items in a hand (`ItemInHandLayer`) and the
-//! block an enderman holds (`CarriedBlockLayer`), drawn as shaded cubes like
-//! dropped block items. Also the block models mobs wear (`SnowGolemHeadLayer`,
+//! block an enderman holds (`CarriedBlockLayer`), drawn as baked block models.
+//! Also the block models mobs wear (`SnowGolemHeadLayer`,
 //! `MushroomCowMushroomLayer`).
 use super::Game;
 use horizon_client::{
@@ -9,46 +9,6 @@ use horizon_client::{
    mobs::{Mob, Species, render},
 };

-/// The six faces of the unit cube with their shade: top, bottom, the two
-/// z faces, the two x faces.
-const FACES: [([[f32; 3]; 4], f32, u8); 6] = [
-    (
-        [[0., 1., 1.], [1., 1., 1.], [1., 1., 0.], [0., 1., 0.]],
-        1.0,
-        0,
-    ),
-    (
-        [[0., 0., 0.], [1., 0., 0.], [1., 0., 1.], [0., 0., 1.]],
-        0.5,
-        0,
-    ),
-    (
-        [[1., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0.], [0., 1., 0.], [1., 1., 0.]],
-        0.8,
-        1,
-    ),
-    (
-        [[0., 0., 1.], [1., 0., 1.], [1., 1., 1.], [0., 1., 1.]],
-        0.8,
-        1,
-    ),
-    (
-        [[0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 1.], [0., 1., 1.], [0., 1., 0.]],
-        0.6,
-        2,
-    ),
-    (
-        [[1., 0., 1.], [1., 0., 0.], [1., 1., 0.], [1., 1., 1.]],
-        0.6,
-        2,
-    ),
-];
-/// The sprites of a cube's top, z sides and x sides, and the top's tint.
-struct Cube<'a> {
-    sprites: [&'a str; 3],
-    tint: u32,
-}
-
 /// `CustomHeadLayer.translateToHead` and the banner's `head` display.
 fn banner_matrix(head: glam::Mat4) -> glam::Mat4 {
    head * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.0, -0.25, 0.0))
@@ -178,38 +138,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            render::draw(flag, m, &flag_poses, r, color, light, 0, out);
        }
    }
-    fn push_cube(
-        &self,
-        t: glam::Mat4,
-        cube: &Cube,
-        light: u32,
-        overlay: u32,
-        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
-    ) {
-        for (corners, shade, side) in FACES {
-            let name = cube.sprites[usize::from(side)];
-            let Some(r) = self.gui.atlas.sprites.get(name).copied() else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            let tint = if side == 0 { cube.tint } else { 0xFF_FFFF };
-            let c = |sft: u32| (((tint >> sft) & 255) as f32 * shade) as u32;
-            let color = 0xFF00_0000 | c(0) << 16 | c(8) << 8 | c(16);
-            let uvs = [[r.u0, r.v1], [r.u1, r.v1], [r.u1, r.v0], [r.u0, r.v0]];
-            for (corner, uv) in corners.iter().zip(uvs) {
-                let p = t.transform_point3(glam::Vec3::from(*corner));
-                out.push(Vertex {
-                    normal: [0; 4],
-                    pos: p.to_array(),
-                    uv,
-                    layer: overlay,
-                    color,
-                    light,
-
-                    glint_uv: [0.0, 0.0],
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
    /// The blocks one mob holds or carries.
    pub(super) fn mob_block_geometry(
        &self,
@@ -222,11 +150,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.captain_banner_geometry(mob, camera, alpha, light, out);
        self.held_item_geometry(mob, camera, alpha, light, true, out);
        self.worn_block_geometry(mob, camera, alpha, light, out);
+        self.golem_flower_geometry(mob, camera, alpha, light, out);
        if mob.species() == Species::Enderman
            && let Some(state) = mob.extra.carried
-            && let Some((sprite, tint)) = self.block_face_sprite(state)
+            && let Some((_, tint)) = self.block_face_sprite(state)
        {
-            // CarriedBlockLayer: OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, never the hurt tint.
+            // CarriedBlockLayer: OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY, never the hurt tint;
+            // the block's baked model (seed 42) on the unit cube, not centred.
            let base = render::base_transform(mob, alpha as f32, camera);
            let t = base
                * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.0, 0.6875, -0.75))
@@ -234,20 +164,43 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(45.0f32.to_radians())
                * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.25, 0.1875, 0.25))
                * glam::Mat4::from_scale(glam::Vec3::new(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5))
-                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(90.0f32.to_radians())
-                * glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::splat(-0.5));
-            self.push_cube(
-                t,
-                &Cube {
-                    sprites: [&sprite, &sprite, &sprite],
-                    tint,
-                },
-                light,
-                0,
-                out,
-            );
+                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(90.0f32.to_radians());
+            self.block_model_vertices_tinted(state, 42, t, light, true, tint, out);
        }
    }
+    /// `IronGolemFlowerLayer`: the poppy in the right arm while the golem
+    /// offers it (`getOfferFlowerTick() > 0`), drawn with `NO_OVERLAY`.
+    fn golem_flower_geometry(
+        &self,
+        mob: &Mob,
+        camera: glam::DVec3,
+        alpha: f64,
+        light: u32,
+        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
+    ) {
+        use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+        if mob.species() != Species::IronGolem
+            || mob.extra.counter <= 0
+            || horizon_client::mobs::trader::is_invisible(mob)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(state) = self.pack.assets.registry.default_state("minecraft:poppy") else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let Some(arm) =
+            render::part_transform(mob, alpha as f32, camera, self.res.mob_data(), "right_arm")
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let t = arm
+            * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(-1.1875, 1.0625, -0.9375))
+            * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::splat(0.5))
+            * Mat4::from_scale(Vec3::splat(0.5))
+            * Mat4::from_rotation_x((-90.0f32).to_radians())
+            * Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::splat(-0.5));
+        self.block_model_vertices(state, 42, t, light, true, out);
+    }
    /// `SnowGolemHeadLayer` and `MushroomCowMushroomLayer`: the carved pumpkin
    /// on a snow golem's head, and the mushrooms on an adult mooshroom's back
    /// and head, as baked block models.
@@ -387,9 +340,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                owner.crossbow_charge_duration = 25;
            }
            use horizon_assets::item_model::DisplayContext as Context;
-            // PandaHoldsItemLayer shows the item as it lies on the ground.
+            // PandaHoldsItemLayer and FoxHeldItemLayer show the item as it lies
+            // on the ground.
            let (context, ordinal) = match (mob.species(), left) {
-                (Species::Panda, _) => (Context::Ground, 7),
+                (Species::Panda | Species::Fox, _) => (Context::Ground, 7),
                (_, true) => (Context::ThirdPersonLeftHand, 1),
                (_, false) => (Context::ThirdPersonRightHand, 2),
            };
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use super::Game;
 use horizon_client::hud::HudBatch;
 #[cfg(feature = "mods")]
 use {
-    horizon_client::{hud::rgba, items::ItemStack, text::Text},
+    horizon_client::{hud::rgba, items::ItemStack, text::Text, ui},
    horizon_mods::Shape,
    std::time::Instant,
 };
@@ -108,7 +108,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    let r = s.rect;
                    let name = s.sprite.strip_prefix("minecraft:").unwrap_or(&s.sprite);
                    let name = format!("gui/sprites/{name}");
-                    batch.sprite_scaled(atlas, &name, ox + r.x, oy + r.y, r.w, r.h, argb(s.color));
+                    // As vanilla's blitSprite: a frame or a button keeps its border.
+                    ui::blit_sprite(
+                        batch,
+                        atlas,
+                        &name,
+                        ox + r.x,
+                        oy + r.y,
+                        r.w,
+                        r.h,
+                        argb(s.color),
+                    );
                }
                Shape::Item(i) => {
                    if self.res.items().get(&i.item).is_none() {
@@ -1074,26 +1074,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        batch.fill(atlas, xx, yy, 1.0, wh, 0xFF50_5050);
                    }
                    let content = l.rows.len() as f32 * 12.0;
-                    let first = (scroll.amount / 12.0) as usize;
-                    let last = (first + ((rows_bottom - rows_top) / 12.0).ceil() as usize + 1)
-                        .min(l.rows.len());
-                    for (vi, ri) in (first..last).enumerate() {
-                        let ry = rows_top + vi as f32 * 12.0 - (scroll.amount % 12.0);
-                        if ui::hovered(self.cursor, x, ry, MOD_UI_COLUMN - 6.0, 12.0) {
-                            batch.fill(atlas, x + 1.0, ry, MOD_UI_COLUMN - 8.0, 12.0, 0x20FF_FFFF);
-                        }
-                        if l.selected == Some(ri as u32) {
-                            batch.fill(atlas, x + 1.0, ry, 3.0, 12.0, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
-                        }
-                        batch.text_styled(
-                            atlas,
-                            &Text::literal(l.rows[ri].clone()),
-                            x + 6.0,
-                            ry + 2.0,
-                            u32::MAX,
-                            true,
-                        );
-                    }
+                    draw_list_rows(
+                        batch,
+                        atlas,
+                        self.cursor,
+                        &l.rows,
+                        l.selected,
+                        scroll.amount,
+                        (x, wy, wh),
+                    );
                    ui::scrollbar(
                        batch,
                        atlas,
@@ -1231,6 +1220,51 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
 }

+/// A mod screen's `list` rows in its frame at (`x`, `wy`), `wh` high, scrolled by `scroll`: the
+/// rows in view, the hovered one lit and the selected one marked. As AbstractSelectionList draws
+/// its entries inside `enableScissor`, they are cut at the frame's inside: the row a scroll shows
+/// in part, and the one below a full view, never draw over the frame or below it.
+#[cfg(feature = "mods")]
+fn draw_list_rows(
+    batch: &mut HudBatch,
+    atlas: &horizon_client::hud::HudAtlas,
+    cursor: (f32, f32),
+    rows: &[String],
+    selected: Option<u32>,
+    scroll: f32,
+    (x, wy, wh): (f32, f32, f32),
+) {
+    let rows_top = wy + 4.0;
+    let rows_bottom = wy + wh - 4.0;
+    let first = (scroll / 12.0) as usize;
+    let last = (first + ((rows_bottom - rows_top) / 12.0).ceil() as usize + 1).min(rows.len());
+    let start = batch.vertices.len();
+    for (vi, ri) in (first..last).enumerate() {
+        let ry = rows_top + vi as f32 * 12.0 - (scroll % 12.0);
+        if ui::hovered(cursor, x, ry, MOD_UI_COLUMN - 6.0, 12.0) {
+            batch.fill(atlas, x + 1.0, ry, MOD_UI_COLUMN - 8.0, 12.0, 0x20FF_FFFF);
+        }
+        if selected == Some(ri as u32) {
+            batch.fill(atlas, x + 1.0, ry, 3.0, 12.0, 0xFFFF_FFFF);
+        }
+        batch.text_styled(
+            atlas,
+            &Text::literal(rows[ri].clone()),
+            x + 6.0,
+            ry + 2.0,
+            u32::MAX,
+            true,
+        );
+    }
+    batch.clip_since(
+        start,
+        x + 1.0,
+        wy + 1.0,
+        x + MOD_UI_COLUMN - 1.0,
+        wy + wh - 1.0,
+    );
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "mods")]
 const MOD_UI_TOP: f32 = 40.0;
 #[cfg(feature = "mods")]
@@ -1238,3 +1272,45 @@ const MOD_UI_COLUMN: f32 = 200.0;
 /// A key row's height with its gap, as the widgets below it space out.
 #[cfg(feature = "mods")]
 const MOD_UI_KEY_ROW: f32 = 26.0;
+
+#[cfg(all(test, feature = "mods"))]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use horizon_client::hud::HudAtlas;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn list_rows_stay_inside_the_frame_scrolled_or_not() {
+        let atlas =
+            HudAtlas::build(std::path::Path::new("/nonexistent/horizon-test-assets")).unwrap();
+        // #3237: 22 rows in a frame of 6 (mod_ui_layout's height for a long list). The 7th row
+        // (index 6), drawn for a scroll that shows it in part, is selected and under the
+        // cursor, so its fills reach past the frame unless they are cut.
+        let rows: Vec<String> = (0..22).map(|i| format!("Row {i}")).collect();
+        let (x, wy, wh) = (100.0, 40.0, 6.0 * 12.0 + 8.0);
+        for scroll in [0.0, 6.0, 30.0] {
+            let mut batch = HudBatch::new([640, 480]);
+            let seventh_row = wy + 4.0 + 6.0 * 12.0 - scroll % 12.0;
+            draw_list_rows(
+                &mut batch,
+                &atlas,
+                (x + 10.0, seventh_row + 2.0),
+                &rows,
+                Some(6 + (scroll / 12.0) as u32),
+                scroll,
+                (x, wy, wh),
+            );
+            assert!(!batch.vertices.is_empty(), "scroll {scroll}: rows drawn");
+            let (top, bottom) = batch
+                .vertices
+                .iter()
+                .map(|v| v.pos[1])
+                .fold((f32::MAX, f32::MIN), |(lo, hi), y| (lo.min(y), hi.max(y)));
+            assert!(
+                top >= wy + 1.0 && bottom <= wy + wh - 1.0,
+                "scroll {scroll}: rows span {top}..{bottom}, the frame's inside is {}..{}",
+                wy + 1.0,
+                wy + wh - 1.0
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -142,13 +142,36 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        {
            return false;
        }
+        // SkeletonHorse.mobInteract: nothing for an untamed one.
+        if species == Species::SkeletonHorse && !m.extra.tame {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let sneaking = self.keys.contains(&winit::keyboard::KeyCode::ShiftLeft)
+            || self.keys.contains(&winit::keyboard::KeyCode::ShiftRight);
+        // Horse / ZombieHorse.mobInteract: food is fed, and anything else in
+        // hand makes an untamed one mad instead of seating the player.
+        let dandelion = [self.held(), self.offhand.as_ref()]
+            .into_iter()
+            .flatten()
+            .any(|s| &*s.item == "minecraft:golden_dandelion");
+        let mut events = Vec::new();
+        match equine::held_item(
+            &mut self.mobs[index],
+            item,
+            sneaking,
+            dandelion,
+            &mut events,
+        ) {
+            Some(equine::HeldItem::Feed) => return self.feed_mount(index, item),
+            Some(equine::HeldItem::Refused) => {
+                let _ = self.handle_mob_events(events);
+                return true;
+            }
+            None => {}
+        }
        let m = &self.mobs[index];
        // AbstractHorse.mobInteract: shift + use opens a tamed adult's inventory.
-        if !m.is_baby()
-            && m.extra.tame
-            && (self.keys.contains(&winit::keyboard::KeyCode::ShiftLeft)
-                || self.keys.contains(&winit::keyboard::KeyCode::ShiftRight))
-        {
+        if !m.is_baby() && m.extra.tame && sneaking {
            self.open_mount_menu(index);
            return true;
        }
@@ -489,6 +512,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            MobEvent::Buck { mob } => {
                if self.riding == Some(mob) {
                    self.dismount_mount();
+                } else {
+                    // ejectPassengers: a server's player gets off too
+                    // (leave_guest tells their client).
+                    let rider = self.lan.as_ref().and_then(|h| {
+                        h.hub
+                            .guests
+                            .iter()
+                            .find(|g| g.vehicle == Some(mob))
+                            .map(|g| g.conn)
+                    });
+                    if let Some(conn) = rider
+                        && let Some(mut host) = self.lan.take()
+                    {
+                        self.as_guest(&mut host, conn, |g| g.dismount_mount());
+                        self.lan = Some(host);
+                    }
                }
                // RunAroundLikeCrazyGoal.tick: entity event 6, smoke.
                self.mob_event_particles(mob, 6);
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //! or a server) show whenever `LivingEntityRenderer.shouldShowName` allows.
 use super::{Game, view_vector};
 use horizon_client::{
-    block_entity_render::vertex_light, mesher::Vertex, mobs::Mob, save::uuid_text,
+    block_entity_render::vertex_light, hud::HudBatch, mesher::Vertex, mobs::Mob, save::uuid_text,
    scoreboard as sb, text::Text,
 };

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// faded, on its background; any other in full over the world, its faded
    /// copy and background in `see_through`, over everything.
    pub(super) fn name_tag_geometry(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
        camera: glam::DVec3,
        alpha: f64,
        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
@@ -298,26 +298,31 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // The text alpha that goes with getBackgroundOpacity(0.25):
        // max((0.25 + 0.75) / 2, 0.5), as ARGB.color (the floor of 255 times it).
        const FADED: u32 = 0x7F;
+        let mut patches = Vec::new();
        for tag in self.name_tags(camera, alpha) {
            let o = tag.at - camera;
            // `gbuffers_entities` draws name tag text (2.3); a sneaking player's faded tag, on its
            // background, blends.
            if tag.discrete {
                self.mark_translucent_entity(out.len(), "minecraft:name_tag");
-                self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, FADED, true, 0, vertex_light(tag.light), out);
+                let light = vertex_light(tag.light);
+                patches.extend(self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, FADED, true, 0, light, out));
                continue;
            }
            // LightCoordsUtil.lightCoordsWithEmission(lightCoords, 2).
            let lit = (tag.light >> 4).max(2) << 4 | (tag.light & 15).max(2);
            self.mark_entity(out.len(), "minecraft:name_tag");
-            self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, 0xFF, false, 0, vertex_light(lit), out);
+            let light = vertex_light(lit);
+            patches.extend(self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, 0xFF, false, 0, light, out));
            // RenderPipelines.TEXT_SEE_THROUGH: no depth test, no lightmap.
-            self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, FADED, true, 2, 0, see_through);
+            patches.extend(self.name_tag_quads(o, &tag.lines, FADED, true, 2, 0, see_through));
        }
+        self.map_patches.extend(patches);
    }
    /// The lines of one name tag, `o` from the camera: the text at
    /// `text_alpha` in its layer, on the translucent black background
    /// (in `text_layer` like the glyphs, a hair behind) when `background`.
+    /// Returns the glyph pixels the atlas still needs.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn name_tag_quads(
        &self,
@@ -328,7 +333,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        text_layer: u32,
        light: u32,
        out: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
-    ) {
+    ) -> Vec<horizon_client::font::Patch> {
        // Options.getBackgroundOpacity(0.25) black, as ARGB.color.
        const BACKGROUND: u32 = 0x3F00_0000;
        // The camera's facing (Camera.rotation()), turned round in third-person
@@ -342,85 +347,50 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let forward = glam::DVec3::from_array(view_vector(view_yaw, view_pitch));
        let right = forward.cross(glam::DVec3::Y).normalize_or_zero();
        let up = right.cross(forward).normalize_or_zero();
-        let white = self.gui.atlas.font.white();
        let away = forward.as_vec3() * 0.002;
+        let mut batch = HudBatch::new([1, 1]);
        for (text, lift) in lines {
            let o = (o + glam::DVec3::new(0.0, *lift, 0.0)).as_vec3();
            let (r, u) = (right.as_vec3() * 0.025, up.as_vec3() * 0.025);
            // Text space: x right, y down (scale 0.025, -0.025).
            let at = |x: f32, y: f32| o + r * x - u * y;
-            // Component.getVisualOrderText.
-            let shown = horizon_client::bidi::visual(text);
-            let chars: Vec<(char, u32)> = shown
-                .spans
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|s| {
-                    let rgb = s.style.color.unwrap_or(0xFF_FF_FF);
-                    // RGBA8, alpha in the top byte.
-                    let color = text_alpha << 24
-                        | ((rgb & 0xFF) << 16)
-                        | (rgb & 0xFF00)
-                        | ((rgb >> 16) & 0xFF);
-                    s.text.chars().map(move |c| (c, color))
-                })
-                .collect();
-            let width: f32 = chars
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(c, _)| self.gui.atlas.glyph(*c).map_or(6.0, |g| g.1))
-                .sum();
-            let x0 = -(width / 2.0).trunc();
            let y0 = if text.plain() == "deadmau5" {
                -10.0
            } else {
                0.0
            };
-            let mut quad = |a: [f32; 4], uv: [f32; 4], color: u32, behind: bool, layer: u32| {
-                let corners = [(a[0], a[3]), (a[2], a[3]), (a[2], a[1]), (a[0], a[1])];
-                let uvs = [
-                    [uv[0], uv[3]],
-                    [uv[2], uv[3]],
-                    [uv[2], uv[1]],
-                    [uv[0], uv[1]],
-                ];
-                for ((x, y), uv) in corners.into_iter().zip(uvs) {
+            batch.vertices.clear();
+            // Font.prepareText, as any text: bold, italic, fonts and each
+            // glyph's own box (accented.png's are 12 pixels tall).
+            let behind = batch.name_tag(
+                &self.gui.atlas,
+                text,
+                y0,
+                text_alpha << 24 | 0xFF_FFFF,
+                if background { BACKGROUND } else { 0 },
+            );
+            for (i, quad) in batch.vertices.as_chunks::<6>().0.iter().enumerate() {
+                let shift = if i * 6 < behind {
+                    away
+                } else {
+                    glam::Vec3::ZERO
+                };
+                // The corners from the bottom left, as the world draws quads.
+                for v in [quad[5], quad[2], quad[1], quad[0]] {
                    out.push(Vertex {
                        normal: [0; 4],
-                        pos: (at(x, y) + if behind { away } else { glam::Vec3::ZERO }).to_array(),
-                        uv,
-                        layer,
-                        color,
+                        pos: (at(v.pos[0], v.pos[1]) + shift).to_array(),
+                        uv: v.uv,
+                        layer: text_layer,
+                        color: v.color,
                        light,
                        glint_uv: [0.0, 0.0],
                    });
                }
-            };
-            if background {
-                quad(
-                    [x0 - 1.0, y0 - 1.0, x0 + width, y0 + 8.0],
-                    [white.u0, white.v0, white.u1, white.v1],
-                    BACKGROUND,
-                    true,
-                    text_layer,
-                );
-            }
-            let mut x = x0;
-            for (ch, color) in chars {
-                let Some((g, advance)) = self.gui.atlas.glyph(ch) else {
-                    x += 6.0;
-                    continue;
-                };
-                if ch != ' ' {
-                    quad(
-                        [x, y0, x + 8.0, y0 + 8.0],
-                        [g.u0, g.v0, g.u1, g.v1],
-                        color,
-                        false,
-                        text_layer,
-                    );
-                }
-                x += advance;
            }
        }
+        // Glyphs rasterized on first use (Unifont's) upload with the frame.
+        batch.patches
    }
 }

@@ -305,7 +305,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let _ = mods;
    }
    /// The buttons of mod `mod_id`'s settings page, under its keys: push
-    /// their labels when it is yours. Asked again after each click.
+    /// their labels when it is yours. Asked again each time the page opens
+    /// and after each click.
    pub(super) fn native_settings(&mut self, mod_id: &str, buttons: &mut Vec<String>) {
        let _ = (mod_id, buttons);
    }
@@ -341,9 +342,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    pub(super) fn native_window(&self) -> bool {
        self.options.execution_role == ExecutionRole::Client
    }
-    /// Whether a box in `corner` shows: F3's debug screen takes the top left.
+    /// Whether a box in `corner` shows: F3's debug screen takes both top
+    /// corners (its left and right columns), and a bottom corner while one
+    /// of its charts is drawn there.
    pub(super) fn native_corner_shown(&self, corner: Corner) -> bool {
-        !self.debug || corner != Corner::TopLeft
+        let charts = self.debug_charts.corners(!self.has_singleplayer_server());
+        !debug_takes(corner, self.debug, charts)
    }
    /// The width of `text` in GUI pixels.
    pub(super) fn native_text_width(&self, text: &str) -> f32 {
@@ -533,6 +537,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return;
        };
        self.native_settings_click(&id, button);
+        self.native_settings_refresh(i);
+    }
+    /// Native mod `i`'s page opened: its labels asked again, so that they
+    /// follow the language (and the mod's state) since the list was made.
+    pub(super) fn native_settings_refresh(&mut self, i: usize) {
+        let Some(id) = self.settings.mods.installed.get(i).map(|m| m.id.clone()) else {
+            return;
+        };
        let mut buttons = Vec::new();
        self.native_settings(&id, &mut buttons);
        let row = self.settings.mods.installed.get_mut(i);
@@ -602,6 +614,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
 }

+/// Whether F3's debug screen, open when `debug`, covers `corner`
+/// (`DebugScreenOverlay.extractRenderState`): its left and right columns
+/// the top corners, and its charts the bottom corners `charts` (bottom left,
+/// bottom right) says they are drawn in.
+fn debug_takes(corner: Corner, debug: bool, charts: [bool; 2]) -> bool {
+    debug
+        && match corner {
+            Corner::TopLeft | Corner::TopRight => true,
+            Corner::BottomLeft => charts[0],
+            Corner::BottomRight => charts[1],
+        }
+}
+
 /// `v` within `lo..=hi`; `lo` when it is not a number.
 fn finite(v: f32, lo: f32, hi: f32) -> f32 {
    if v.is_finite() { v.clamp(lo, hi) } else { lo }
@@ -625,4 +650,21 @@ mod tests {
            }
        }
    }
+
+    /// Vanilla's F3 draws a column in each top corner (`extractLines`, left
+    /// and right aligned), and its charts along the bottom.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_debug_screen_takes_both_top_corners_and_its_charts_corners() {
+        use super::{Corner, debug_takes};
+        for corner in Corner::ALL {
+            assert!(!debug_takes(corner, false, [true, true]), "{corner:?}");
+        }
+        assert!(debug_takes(Corner::TopLeft, true, [false, false]));
+        assert!(debug_takes(Corner::TopRight, true, [false, false]));
+        assert!(!debug_takes(Corner::BottomLeft, true, [false, false]));
+        assert!(!debug_takes(Corner::BottomRight, true, [false, false]));
+        assert!(debug_takes(Corner::BottomLeft, true, [true, false]));
+        assert!(!debug_takes(Corner::BottomRight, true, [true, false]));
+        assert!(debug_takes(Corner::BottomRight, true, [false, true]));
+    }
 }
@@ -200,6 +200,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    self.sync_agent_control();
                    self.ui.options.agent_status = self.agent_status_lines();
                }
+                Event::SliderDrag => {
+                    self.apply_settings();
+                }
                Event::CopyAgentDetails => {
                    use horizon_client::clipboard::Clipboard;
                    let text = self.agent_details();
@@ -246,6 +249,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    super::packs::open_folder(&dir);
                }
                Event::ModSettings(i) => self.open_mod_screen(i, true),
+                Event::NativeSettings(i) => self.native_settings_refresh(i),
                Event::NativeButton(i, b) => self.native_settings_event(i, b),
                Event::Credits => self.open_win_screen(false, super::win::Finish::Options),
            }
@@ -269,7 +273,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            r.set_present_mode(s.vsync, s.horizon.present_mode);
            r.animated_textures = s.horizon.animated_textures;
            r.set_mipmap_levels(s.mipmap_levels.max(0) as u32);
-            r.set_world_post(s.horizon.resolution_scale as f32 / 100.0, s.horizon.fxaa);
+            r.set_world_post(
+                s.horizon.resolution_scale as f32 / 100.0,
+                s.horizon.fxaa,
+                s.horizon.taa,
+                s.horizon.upscaling.ratio(),
+            );
            r.set_hdr(
                s.horizon.hdr,
                s.horizon.hdr_paper_white as f32,
@@ -228,6 +228,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                            });
                        }
                    }
+                    "minecraft:firework_rocket" => {
+                        if let Some(r) = entity_nbt::firework_rocket_from_nbt(&tag, player_uuid) {
+                            self.rockets.push(super::fireworks::Rocket::from_nbt(r));
+                        }
+                    }
                    // PrimedTnt.readAdditionalSaveData: its fuse (80 when absent) and motion.
                    "minecraft:tnt" => {
                        if let Some(position) = entity_nbt::position(&tag) {
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ impl CameraType {
 }
 /// The player's model type (`PlayerModel` with the default skin).
 pub(super) fn player_type(root: &Path) -> Option<Arc<MobType>> {
-    horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, "minecraft:player#main").map(|model| {
+    let models = horizon_client::mobs::EntityModelDocument::load(root).ok()?;
+    models.model("minecraft:player#main").map(|model| {
        Arc::new(MobType {
            id: "minecraft:player".into(),
            // Players render as a humanoid; the species only drives local AI.
@@ -158,10 +159,14 @@ pub(super) fn player_type(root: &Path) -> Option<Arc<MobType>> {
            ambient_interval: 80,
            flags: Default::default(),
            model: Arc::new(model),
-            // PlayerModel's slim arms, for slim skins.
-            layers: horizon_client::mobs::load_model(root, "minecraft:player_slim#main")
-                .map(|slim| [("player_slim#main".to_owned(), Arc::new(slim))].into())
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            // PlayerModel's slim arms, for slim skins, and PlayerCapeModel.
+            layers: ["player_slim#main", "player#cape"]
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(|key| {
+                    let model = models.model(&format!("minecraft:{key}"))?;
+                    Some((key.to_owned(), Arc::new(model)))
+                })
+                .collect(),
            texture: "entity/player/wide/steve".into(),
            brain: Brain::Passive,
            anim: Anim::Humanoid { zombie_arms: false },
@@ -322,7 +327,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.player_model = Some(Mob::new(0, kind, p.position, self.yaw));
        }
        let crouching = p.pose == Pose::Crouching;
-        let (position, flying) = (p.position, p.flying || p.fall_flying);
+        let position = p.position;
        let (fall_flying, fly_ticks, velocity) = (p.fall_flying, p.fall_fly_ticks, p.velocity);
        let spinning = p.auto_spin_attack_ticks > 0;
        let using = self.using.map(|(_, ticks)| ticks as i32 + 1).unwrap_or(0);
@@ -357,6 +362,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let off = self.offhand.as_ref().map(|s| s.item.clone());
        let riding = self.riding.is_some();
        let hurt = p.health.hurt_animation_time;
+        let avatar = self.avatar;
        // LivingEntity.getBedOrientation: the model lies in the bed as
        // another player's does (`villager::sleep_pose`).
        let bed = self.sleeping.map_or(0, |head| self.bed_facing(head));
@@ -374,6 +380,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            at.y - m.position.y,
            at.z - m.position.z,
        );
+        let walked = player_walk_distance(m.position, at);
        m.previous = m.position;
        m.position = at;
        if dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz > 100.0 {
@@ -408,9 +415,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            m.body_yaw += diff - diff.signum() * 50.0;
        }
        // WalkAnimationState.update(min(distance * 4, 1), 0.4).
-        let dist = (dx * dx + dz * dz + if flying { dy * dy } else { 0.0 }).sqrt() as f32;
        m.previous_limb_speed = m.limb_speed;
-        m.limb_speed += ((dist * 4.0).min(1.0) - m.limb_speed) * 0.4;
+        m.limb_speed += ((walked * 4.0).min(1.0) - m.limb_speed) * 0.4;
        m.limb_position += m.limb_speed;
        m.age = m.age.wrapping_add(1);
        m.anim.attack_anim_o = attack.0;
@@ -424,6 +430,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        m.extra.fall_fly_ticks = fly_ticks;
        m.extra.auto_spin_attack = spinning;
        m.extra.main_hand_left = self.settings.main_hand_left;
+        m.extra.hidden_model_parts = !self.settings.file.model_customisation() & 0x7F;
        m.extra.using_item = using;
        m.extra.using_off_hand = using_off_hand;
        m.extra.blocking = blocking;
@@ -431,7 +438,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        m.extra.ints[5] = charge_duration;
        m.extra.elytra.tick(fall_flying, crouching, velocity);
        m.extra.swim.tick(visually_swimming, in_water);
+        // The local player's ClientAvatarState, its cloak in the model's frame
+        // (the model stands 0.125 lower while crouching).
+        m.extra.avatar = avatar;
+        if crouching {
+            m.extra.avatar.cloak[1] -= 0.125;
+            m.extra.avatar.cloak_o[1] -= 0.125;
+        }
        m.extra.swing_right_arm = swing_right_arm;
+        m.extra.swing_stab = self.swing.current.is_some_and(|c| c.animation.kind == 2);
        m.hurt_time = hurt;
    }
    /// `LevelExtractor`'s skip of the camera entity: the player's own body
@@ -482,14 +497,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            &self.player_armor_layers(),
            out,
        );
-        self.player_elytra_geometry(
-            m,
-            self.armor[1].as_ref().map(|s| &*s.item),
-            camera,
-            alpha as f32,
-            packed,
-            out,
-        );
+        let chest = self.armor[1].as_ref().map(|s| &*s.item);
+        self.player_cape_geometry(m, chest, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
+        self.player_elytra_geometry(m, chest, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
        self.spin_attack_geometry(m, camera, alpha as f32, packed, out);
        self.held_item_geometry(m, camera, alpha, packed, true, out);
        // LivingEntity.isCurrentlyGlowing: the Glowing effect. A server's client is
@@ -554,14 +564,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            &self.player_armor_layers(),
            &mut verts,
        );
-        self.player_elytra_geometry(
-            &m,
-            self.armor[1].as_ref().map(|s| &*s.item),
-            camera,
-            1.0,
-            240 | 240 << 8,
-            &mut verts,
-        );
+        let chest = self.armor[1].as_ref().map(|s| &*s.item);
+        self.player_cape_geometry(&m, chest, camera, 1.0, 240 | 240 << 8, &mut verts);
+        self.player_elytra_geometry(&m, chest, camera, 1.0, 240 | 240 << 8, &mut verts);
        self.held_item_geometry(&m, camera, 1.0, 240 | 240 << 8, false, &mut verts);
        let height = if m.extra.crouching { 1.5 } else { 1.8 };
        // PictureInPictureRenderer: the box centre, (size, size, -size);
@@ -620,9 +625,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let Some((texture, _)) = assets.equipment.get(asset).and_then(|k| k.get("wings")) else {
            return;
        };
+        // WingsLayer.getPlayerElytraTexture: a player's cape texture has its elytra.
+        let sprites = &self.gui.atlas.sprites;
+        let rect = m.cape.as_deref().and_then(|c| sprites.get(c));
        let (Some(model), Some(rect)) = (
            assets.player.get("elytra"),
-            self.gui.atlas.sprites.get(texture),
+            rect.or_else(|| sprites.get(texture)),
        ) else {
            return;
        };
@@ -649,6 +657,48 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            out,
        );
    }
+    /// `CapeLayer` for a player wearing `chest`: no cape under an elytra's
+    /// wings, and moved out over a chestplate.
+    pub(super) fn player_cape_geometry(
+        &self,
+        m: &Mob,
+        chest: Option<&str>,
+        camera: glam::DVec3,
+        partial: f32,
+        light: u32,
+        out: &mut Vec<horizon_client::mesher::Vertex>,
+    ) {
+        let Some(rect) = m
+            .cape
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(|c| self.gui.atlas.sprites.get(c))
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if horizon_client::mobs::trader::is_invisible(m) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let layers = chest
+            .and_then(|item| self.res.items().get(item))
+            .and_then(|i| i.equip_asset.as_ref())
+            .and_then(|asset| self.armor_stand_assets.equipment.get(asset));
+        if layers.is_some_and(|k| k.contains_key("wings")) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut base = horizon_client::mobs::render::base_transform(m, partial, camera);
+        if layers.is_some_and(|k| k.contains_key("humanoid")) {
+            base *= glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(0.0, -0.053125, 0.06875));
+        }
+        horizon_client::mobs::render::cape(
+            m,
+            partial,
+            base,
+            [rect.u0, rect.v0, rect.u1, rect.v1],
+            light,
+            self.res.mob_data(),
+            out,
+        );
+    }
    /// `SpinAttackEffectLayer`: Riptide's two boxes turning around a spinning
    /// player (`SpinAttackEffectModel.setupAnim`).
    pub(super) fn spin_attack_geometry(
@@ -743,10 +793,30 @@ fn player_preview_quads(
    quads
 }

+/// The distance `LivingEntity.calculateEntityAnimation` walks the player's
+/// model for a move from `from` to `to`. `omnidirectionalAirMover()` is false
+/// for every player (`Entity`'s, not overridden), so only the horizontal
+/// distance counts, flying and gliding included: rising or sinking straight
+/// up or down leaves the legs and arms still.
+fn player_walk_distance(from: Vec3, to: Vec3) -> f32 {
+    let (dx, dz) = (to.x - from.x, to.z - from.z);
+    (dx * dx + dz * dz).sqrt() as f32
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod preview_tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
+    fn flying_straight_up_does_not_walk_the_player_model() {
+        let from = Vec3::new(0.5, 80.0, 0.5);
+        // Creative flight straight up (#3302) and straight down.
+        assert_eq!(player_walk_distance(from, Vec3::new(0.5, 80.375, 0.5)), 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(player_walk_distance(from, Vec3::new(0.5, 78.5, 0.5)), 0.0);
+        // Moving sideways while rising walks only the horizontal part.
+        let d = player_walk_distance(from, Vec3::new(0.8, 81.0, 0.9));
+        assert!((d - 0.5).abs() < 1e-6, "{d}");
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn preview_keeps_crossing_faces_depth_and_clips_without_dropping_faces() {
        use horizon_client::{
            hud::{Blend, HudBatch},
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use super::{Dim, Game, Mining, Screen};
 use horizon_client::first_person::{Hand, SwingAnimation};
 use horizon_client::{
    Result,
+    blocks::Fluid,
    chunk::Chunk,
    containers::{BlockEntity, Furnace, FurnaceKind},
    entities::{Experience, ExperienceOrb, ItemEntity},
@@ -141,11 +142,9 @@ pub(super) struct Remote {
    /// the first teleport, which takes them then.
    abilities: Option<play::PlayerAbilities>,
    loaded_sent: bool,
-    /// The view distance last sent in ClientInformation.
-    sent_view: i8,
-    /// The Chat option's visibility last sent in ClientInformation
-    /// (`Options.broadcastOptions` sends it again when it changes).
-    sent_chat_visibility: i32,
+    /// The ClientInformation last sent (`Options.broadcastOptions` sends it
+    /// again when a view distance, Chat, skin or Main Hand option changes).
+    sent_info: horizon_protocol::packets::configuration::ClientInformation,
    /// BlockStatePredictionHandler: blocks changed ahead of the server (a predicted break),
    /// with the sequence of the last action that changed them and the state the server
    /// last said they have. Until the server acknowledges that sequence its block updates
@@ -192,6 +191,9 @@ pub(super) struct Remote {
    online_mode: bool,
    /// Player entities in the level: entity id to profile UUID.
    level_players: HashMap<i32, u128>,
+    /// The profile name each player entity was created with (`RemotePlayer.getGameProfile`): it outlives the
+    /// player-list entry, which servers remove to hide their NPCs from the list.
+    level_player_names: HashMap<i32, String>,
    /// Entities with shared flag 6 (`Entity.isCurrentlyGlowing` on a client); mobs keep
    /// theirs in `Mob::glowing`.
    glowing: std::collections::HashSet<i32>,
@@ -216,8 +218,8 @@ pub(super) struct Remote {
    /// `LocalPlayer.showDeathScreen`: off with `immediate_respawn`.
    show_death_screen: bool,
    player_type: Option<Arc<MobType>>,
-    /// Inventory (then the off hand) as last synchronised, for creative-mode
-    /// slot updates.
+    /// Inventory, off hand and armour as last synchronised, for creative-mode
+    /// slot updates (`creative_sync_stacks`).
    synced: Vec<Option<ItemStack>>,
    decode_errors: u32,
    clock: Option<i32>,
@@ -476,8 +478,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            carried: None,
            abilities: None,
            loaded_sent: false,
-            sent_view: view,
-            sent_chat_visibility: self.settings.chat_visibility as i32,
+            sent_info: self.settings.client_information(view),
            predictions: HashMap::new(),
            menu: None,
            menu_title: None,
@@ -502,6 +503,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            listed: Default::default(),
            online_mode: false,
            level_players: HashMap::new(),
+            level_player_names: HashMap::new(),
            glowing: Default::default(),
            profile: 0,
            profile_name: String::new(),
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            death_message: None,
            show_death_screen: true,
            player_type,
-            synced: vec![None; 37],
+            synced: vec![None; CREATIVE_SYNCED],
            decode_errors: 0,
            clock: None,
            clock_rate: 1.0,
@@ -547,13 +549,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.extras_left();
        }
        self.clear_waypoints();
-        self.boss_overlay.reset();
+        self.hud_disconnected();
+        // Vanilla's Hud also ticks on the title and connect screens, so the
+        // action bar has run out by the next world; Horizon's ticks in one.
+        self.titles.overlay_time = 0;
        if let Some(mut r) = self.remote.take() {
            r.session.disconnect();
        }
        self.server_packs_disconnect();
        self.code_of_conduct = None;
        self.close_dialogs();
+        // Gui.setScreen -> KeyMapping.releaseAll: the title or disconnect
+        // screen releases every held key. Its release goes to that screen,
+        // so a key kept here would still be down in the next world (#3246).
+        self.keys.clear();
+        self.left = false;
+        self.right = false;
        // Single player's server thread saves the world before the title shows.
        let single_player = match self.integrated.take() {
            Some(server) => {
@@ -566,8 +577,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.clock = Default::default();
        self.adv = Default::default();
        self.stats = Default::default();
-        self.debug_charts.reset();
-        self.tab_list.reset();
        self.score.board = Default::default();
        self.streaming = Streaming::new(Arc::new(NoTerrain), self.pack.context.clone(), 1);
        self.streaming.paused = true;
@@ -611,6 +620,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.capture(false);
        Ok(())
    }
+    /// `Hud.onDisconnected`, from `Minecraft.disconnect` and `clearClientLevel`
+    /// (a proxy's reconfiguration too), but the chat: joining clears it and a
+    /// reconfiguration keeps it (`ChatComponent.storeState`).
+    fn hud_disconnected(&mut self) {
+        self.tab_list.reset();
+        self.boss_overlay.reset();
+        self.adv.toasts.clear();
+        self.debug_charts.reset();
+        self.titles.clear();
+        self.titles.reset_times();
+    }

    pub(super) fn send(&self, packet: S) {
        if let Some(r) = &self.remote {
@@ -902,7 +922,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    }
                }
                Event::Reconfigured(registries) => {
-                    self.boss_overlay.reset();
+                    // handleConfigurationStart → clearClientLevel, and the next
+                    // ClientPacketListener starts with no players or scoreboard.
+                    self.hud_disconnected();
+                    self.score.board = Default::default();
+                    if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+                        r.players.clear();
+                        r.tab_players.clear();
+                        r.listed.clear();
+                    }
                    self.set_registries(registries);
                }
                // handleTransfer: "Cannot transfer to server from
@@ -1100,6 +1128,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                // The entity ids are the old world's; the new dimension's
                // player entities re-map to their profiles on AddEntity.
                r.level_players.clear();
+                r.level_player_names.clear();
                // A new ClientLevel: a new chunk storage, centred on 0, 0.
                r.chunk_center = (0, 0);
            }
@@ -1425,7 +1454,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        on_ground: bool,
        far_snaps: bool,
    ) {
-        let mob = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == id as u32);
+        // The dragon is drawn from its own state (game/dragon.rs), which
+        // tick_remote_dragon eases to the server's moves through `lerps`. Its
+        // copy in the mob list draws nothing: given the move, it kept the
+        // dragon where it spawned (#2083).
+        let dragon = self.dragon.as_ref().is_some_and(|d| d.id as i32 == id);
+        let mob = self
+            .mobs
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|m| m.id == id as u32)
+            .filter(|_| !dragon);
        let tracked = self
            .remote
            .as_ref()
@@ -1778,8 +1816,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            C::Login(p) => {
                self.level.hardcore = p.hardcore;
                // handleLogin makes a new MultiPlayerGameMode (carried index 0) and a
-                // new LocalPlayer (slot 0).
+                // new LocalPlayer (slot 0, no effects).
                self.selected = 0;
+                self.potions.effects.clear();
                if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
                    r.carried = Some(0);
                    r.online_mode = p.online_mode;
@@ -1791,13 +1830,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.streaming.radius =
                    self.settings.render_distance.min(p.chunk_radius + 1).max(2);
                self.enter_remote_dimension(&p.spawn, false);
-                let view = client_view_distance(self.settings.render_distance);
+                let info = self
+                    .settings
+                    .client_information(client_view_distance(self.settings.render_distance));
                if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
-                    r.sent_view = view;
+                    r.sent_info = info.clone();
                }
-                let mut info =
-                    horizon_protocol::packets::configuration::ClientInformation::new(view);
-                info.chat_visibility = self.settings.chat_visibility as i32;
                self.send(S::ClientInformation(info));
            }
            C::Respawn(p) => {
@@ -1805,6 +1843,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                // again) and with no item in use.
                self.potions.effects.clear();
                self.using = None;
+                // After a death (no KEEP_ENTITY_DATA) the new LocalPlayer
+                // rides nothing: the server pairs a vehicle again with its
+                // passengers. A dimension change keeps the vehicle it travels in.
+                if p.keep & 2 == 0 {
+                    self.riding = None;
+                }
                let dimension_changed = self.dim != Dim::from_id(&p.spawn.dimension);
                self.enter_remote_dimension(&p.spawn, true);
                if dimension_changed {
@@ -1942,11 +1986,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
                    if kind == "minecraft:player" {
                        r.level_players.insert(p.id, p.uuid);
+                        // createEntityFromPacket: the player takes the profile of its list entry.
+                        match r.players.get(&p.uuid) {
+                            Some(name) => r.level_player_names.insert(p.id, name.clone()),
+                            None => r.level_player_names.remove(&p.id),
+                        };
                    } else {
                        r.level_players.remove(&p.id);
+                        r.level_player_names.remove(&p.id);
                    }
                }
-                // Entity.getTeam: a mob is on a team by its UUID.
+                // Entity.getTeam: a mob is on a team by its UUID, a player by
+                // its profile name (`Game::scoreboard_name`).
                self.persist.uuids.insert(
                    p.id as u32,
                    horizon_client::lan::playerdata::uuid_ints(p.uuid),
@@ -1970,6 +2021,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                for id in p.ids {
                    if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
                        r.level_players.remove(&id);
+                        r.level_player_names.remove(&id);
                    }
                    self.remove_entity(id);
                }
@@ -2161,6 +2213,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        {
                            m.extra.main_hand_left = *arm == 0;
                        }
+                        // Avatar.DATA_PLAYER_MODE_CUSTOMISATION: the skin layers
+                        // the player shows (PlayerModelPart bits).
+                        if let (16, Value::Byte(bits)) = (index, value)
+                            && let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32)
+                        {
+                            m.extra.hidden_model_parts = !(*bits as u8) & 0x7F;
+                        }
                    }
                }
                // LivingEntity.onSyncedDataUpdated(SLEEPING_POS_ID): this
@@ -2521,7 +2580,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                if self.remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.entity_id == p.id) {
                    self.swing_hand(hand, animation);
                } else if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32) {
-                    m.swing_hand_modified(hand == Hand::Off, animation.duration);
+                    m.swing_hand_modified(hand == Hand::Off, animation);
                }
            }
            // The player's own instances: its maximum health (the hearts the
@@ -2725,12 +2784,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        self.hotbar_pop[pop] = 5;
                    }
                }
+                let before = self.creative_stacks();
                self.set_menu_slot(p.container, i32::from(p.slot), stack);
-                self.remote_synced();
+                self.remote_synced_since(&before);
            }
            C::SetCursorItem(p) => self.carried = self.to_stack(&p.item),
            C::SetPlayerInventory(p) => {
                let stack = self.to_stack(&p.item);
+                let before = self.creative_stacks();
                match p.slot {
                    0..=35 => self.inventory[p.slot as usize] = stack,
                    36..=39 => self.armor[3 - (p.slot - 36) as usize] = stack,
@@ -2738,7 +2799,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    40 => self.offhand = stack,
                    _ => {}
                }
-                self.remote_synced();
+                self.remote_synced_since(&before);
            }
            C::ContainerSetData(p) if self.open_menu_name(p.container) == "minecraft:lectern" => {
                self.remote_lectern_page(i32::from(p.value));
@@ -3214,6 +3275,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let mut resolved: Vec<(u128, String)> = Vec::new();
        // PlayerSkin.model of each resolved skin: the textures' `slim`.
        let mut slim = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+        // PlayerSkin.cape of each resolved skin.
+        let mut capes: HashMap<u128, String> = HashMap::new();
        for (uuid, textures) in entries {
            // PlayerInfo.createSkinLookup: only the local player's own skin
            // may be unsigned.
@@ -3227,10 +3290,24 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                if textures.slim {
                    slim.insert(uuid);
                }
+                if let Some(cape) = horizon_client::skins::cape(&textures) {
+                    capes.insert(uuid, cape);
+                }
                resolved.push((uuid, skin));
            }
        }
        resolved.retain(|(_, skin)| !skin.starts_with("skins/") || self.again_skin(skin));
+        // An offline name's cape from the launcher, where the profile has none.
+        if !capes.contains_key(&local)
+            && let Some(rgba) = horizon_client::skins::offline_cape()
+        {
+            const OFFLINE: &str = "capes/offline";
+            if !self.show_skin(OFFLINE) {
+                self.store_skin(OFFLINE.into(), rgba.to_vec());
+            }
+            capes.insert(local, OFFLINE.into());
+        }
+        capes.retain(|_, cape| self.again_skin(cape));
        // PlayerInfo.getSkin: the downloaded skin and its model, else the
        // profile's default skin (DefaultPlayerSkin.get), slim or wide.
        let skin_of = |skins: &HashMap<u128, String>, uuid: u128| match skins.get(&uuid) {
@@ -3262,12 +3339,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            {
                mob.skin = Some(skin);
                mob.slim = is_slim;
+                mob.cape = capes.get(&uuid).cloned();
            }
        }
        if let Some(mob) = self.player_model.as_mut() {
            let (skin, is_slim) = skin_of(&skins, own);
            mob.skin = Some(skin);
            mob.slim = is_slim;
+            // Avatar.isModelPartShown(CAPE): the Skin Customization option.
+            mob.cape = capes
+                .get(&own)
+                .filter(|_| self.settings.file.bool("modelPart_cape"))
+                .cloned();
        }
        // ClientMannequin.updateSkin (PlayerSkinRenderCache.lookup): a
        // mannequin's DATA_PROFILE `textures` property resolves like a
@@ -3351,7 +3434,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.gui.atlas.sprites.remove(&old);
            slot
        };
-        let Some(rect) = self
+        let Some(mut rect) = self
            .gui
            .atlas
            .sprites
@@ -3368,6 +3451,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            height: 64,
            rgba,
        });
+        // A cape is a 64x32 texture in the top half of the slot (skins::process_cape).
+        if location.starts_with("capes/") {
+            rect.v1 = (rect.v0 + rect.v1) / 2.0;
+        }
        self.gui.atlas.sprites.insert(location.clone(), rect);
        self.skin_slots.push((location, slot));
    }
@@ -3654,16 +3741,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.tick_bundle_hover();
        // Options.broadcastOptions: a changed render distance or Chat option
        // is sent again.
-        let view = client_view_distance(self.settings.render_distance);
-        let visibility = self.settings.chat_visibility as i32;
+        let info = self
+            .settings
+            .client_information(client_view_distance(self.settings.render_distance));
        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut()
            && r.joined
-            && (r.sent_view != view || r.sent_chat_visibility != visibility)
+            && r.sent_info != info
        {
-            r.sent_view = view;
-            r.sent_chat_visibility = visibility;
-            let mut info = horizon_protocol::packets::configuration::ClientInformation::new(view);
-            info.chat_visibility = visibility;
+            r.sent_info = info.clone();
            self.send(S::ClientInformation(info));
        }
        // Minecraft.tick: TickRateManager.tick; ClientLevel.tickTime advances
@@ -3706,6 +3791,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // and the moving pistons a block event's client-side moveBlocks made
        // (their progress advances between the server's block updates).
        self.tick_block_entity_anims();
+        self.client_tick_beacons();
        self.with_level(|b, level, ticks| {
            b.client_tick_block_entities(level, ticks);
        });
@@ -3827,6 +3913,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            // player too (controlled_simulation_tick does it otherwise): left
            // at 10, the hurt tilt restarted every frame and shook the camera.
            player.health.advance_clock();
+            if riding && !dead {
+                MotionWorld {
+                    entities: &entity_collisions,
+                    player: &mut *player,
+                    scene: &mut self.world,
+                    assets: &self.pack.assets,
+                    collision_binding: self.collision,
+                    resources: self.motion,
+                }
+                .passenger_pose_tick()?;
+            }
        }
        // LocalPlayer.onUpdateAbilities: flight turned on or off (a double
        // jump, a spectator, landing) is sent to the server.
@@ -4441,41 +4538,44 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        {
            out.push(packet);
        }
-        // Creative inventory edits are sent slot by slot (SetCreativeModeSlot);
-        // `synced[36]` is the off hand.
+        // Creative inventory edits are sent slot by slot (SetCreativeModeSlot).
        let mut creative_slots = Vec::new();
        if self.creative {
-            for i in 0..37 {
-                let stack = self.inventory.get(i).unwrap_or(&self.offhand);
-                if *stack != r.synced[i] {
+            let stacks = creative_sync_stacks(&self.inventory, &self.offhand, &self.armor);
+            for (i, stack) in stacks.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                if stack != r.synced[i] {
                    r.synced[i] = stack.clone();
-                    creative_slots.push(i);
+                    creative_slots.push((creative_sync_slot(i), stack));
                }
            }
        }
        for packet in out {
            self.send(packet);
        }
-        for i in creative_slots {
-            // InventoryMenu's slots: the hotbar is 36..=44, the off hand 45.
-            let slot = match i {
-                0..9 => 36 + i,
-                36 => 45,
-                _ => i,
-            } as i16;
-            let item = self.to_network(self.inventory.get(i).unwrap_or(&self.offhand));
+        for (slot, stack) in creative_slots {
+            let item = self.to_network(&stack);
            self.send(S::SetCreativeModeSlot(play::SetCreativeModeSlot {
                slot,
                item,
            }));
        }
    }
+    fn creative_stacks(&self) -> Vec<Option<ItemStack>> {
+        creative_sync_stacks(&self.inventory, &self.offhand, &self.armor)
+    }
    /// Inventory as the server last described it.
    fn remote_synced(&mut self) {
-        let mut inventory = self.inventory.clone();
-        inventory.push(self.offhand.clone());
+        let stacks = self.creative_stacks();
        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
-            r.synced = inventory;
+            r.synced = stacks;
+        }
+    }
+    /// The slots a server packet changed since `before` are as the server has them; the
+    /// others keep what was last sent, so a creative click made since still goes out.
+    fn remote_synced_since(&mut self, before: &[Option<ItemStack>]) {
+        let now = self.creative_stacks();
+        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+            mark_synced(&mut r.synced, before, now);
        }
    }

@@ -4748,10 +4848,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .and_then(|h| self.res.items().get(&h.item))
            .is_some_and(|i| i.block.is_some());
        if let Some(hit) = self.pick() {
-            let (reacts, changes) = if hand == Hand::Main {
+            let spectator = self.spectator();
+            let (reacts, changes) = if hand == Hand::Main && !spectator {
                self.remote_block_reacts(&hit, held.as_ref())
            } else {
-                (false, DryUse::default())
+                // useItemOn runs for the off hand too (useWithoutItem doesn't):
+                // RespawnAnchorBlock.useItemOn charges an anchor with its glowstone.
+                let sneaking = self.keys.contains(&KeyCode::ShiftLeft);
+                let hands_full = self.stack_in(self.selected).is_some() || self.offhand.is_some();
+                let charges =
+                    !(sneaking && hands_full) && self.anchor_takes(hit.pos, held.as_ref());
+                (charges, DryUse::default())
            };
            let seq = self.next_sequence();
            let cursor = [
@@ -4768,6 +4875,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                world_border: false,
                sequence: seq,
            }));
+            // MultiPlayerGameMode.performUseItemOn: a spectator's use predicts
+            // nothing and ends the click (CONSUME, no swing); the server opens
+            // the block's menu.
+            if spectator {
+                return true;
+            }
            // Only a predicted placement (predict_place) marks a cell whose
            // resend plays a place sound: an empty hand or a non-block item
            // places nothing (BlockItem.place is where the sound comes from).
@@ -4916,6 +5029,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if self.jukebox_takes(hit.pos, held) {
            return (true, DryUse::default());
        }
+        // RespawnAnchorBlock.useItemOn: PASS when the off hand's glowstone is to
+        // charge the anchor, so useWithoutItem doesn't run and the off hand's turn
+        // comes (glowstone in this hand charges it in `use_item_on`).
+        if !self.anchor_takes(hit.pos, held) && self.anchor_takes(hit.pos, self.offhand.as_ref()) {
+            return (false, DryUse::default());
+        }
        // BeehiveBlock.useItemOn: shears or a glass bottle on a full hive
        // (honey level 5) is SUCCESS, so the click ends after UseItemOn and
        // no UseItem follows (the server does the harvest, see `use_beehive`).
@@ -5020,7 +5139,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }

    /// MultiPlayerGameMode.useItem for `hand`, if it holds something: whether
-    /// the click ends there, as far as this client can tell (`item_has_use`).
+    /// the click ends there, as far as this client can tell (`use_ends_click`).
    fn remote_use_item(&mut self, hand: Hand) -> bool {
        let Some(held) = self.with_hand(hand, |g| g.held().cloned()) else {
            return false;
@@ -5049,6 +5168,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if info.food.is_some() && !eating {
            return false;
        }
+        // A bucket, a glass bottle or a boat with nothing to fill, empty or
+        // place PASSes or FAILs: startUseItem goes on to the off hand (a
+        // Riptide trident there charges).
+        if self.with_hand(hand, |g| g.use_finds_no_target(&held)) {
+            return false;
+        }
        // It runs the use here too: ItemStack.use starts the `use_cooldown`
        // of an item with no use time, and the server's
        // ClientboundCooldownPacket confirms it; one held in use starts it at
@@ -5060,9 +5185,65 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return true;
        }
        self.with_hand(hand, |g| g.remote_start_held_use(&held));
-        item_has_use(&info)
+        let gliding = self.player.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| p.fall_flying);
+        use_ends_click(&info, gliding)
    }

+    /// Whether `held`'s `Item.use` needs a target this client sees none of
+    /// (not SUCCESS): BucketItem.use (a fluid source or powder snow to pick
+    /// up through `ClipContext.Fluid.SOURCE_ONLY`, a block to empty a full
+    /// one against, `mayUseItemAt`), BottleItem.use (water to fill from) and
+    /// BoatItem.use (a block or fluid surface with room for the boat).
+    fn use_finds_no_target(&self, held: &ItemStack) -> bool {
+        let id = &*held.item;
+        let facts = |pos: [i32; 3]| {
+            self.res
+                .facts()
+                .get(self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]))
+        };
+        let source = |want: Option<Fluid>| {
+            let fluid_hit = self.pick_fluid();
+            // pick_fluid steps through waterlogged blocks, but their water is
+            // a source the SOURCE_ONLY ray stops at (and a BucketPickup).
+            if let Some(hit) = self.pick()
+                && facts(hit.pos).waterlogged
+            {
+                let eye = self.aim().map_or(hit.point, |(eye, _)| eye);
+                let d = |p: [f64; 3]| (0..3).map(|a| (p[a] - eye[a]).powi(2)).sum::<f64>();
+                if fluid_hit
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_none_or(|fluid| d(fluid.point) >= d(hit.point))
+                {
+                    return want.is_none_or(|want| want == Fluid::Water);
+                }
+            }
+            fluid_hit.is_some_and(|hit| {
+                let f = facts(hit.pos);
+                let fluid = f.fluid != Fluid::None && f.fluid_level == 8 && !f.fluid_falling;
+                match want {
+                    Some(want) => fluid && f.fluid == want,
+                    None => fluid || self.is_powder_snow(hit.pos),
+                }
+            })
+        };
+        // SolidBucketItem only has useOn: its use is Item.use's PASS.
+        if id == "minecraft:powder_snow_bucket" {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if id == "minecraft:bucket" {
+            return !self.may_build() || !source(None);
+        }
+        if horizon_client::items::bucket_contents(id).is_some() {
+            return !self.may_build() || self.pick().is_none();
+        }
+        if id == "minecraft:glass_bottle" {
+            return !source(Some(Fluid::Water));
+        }
+        if super::boats::any_boat_wood(id).is_some() {
+            return self.boat_to_place(held).is_none();
+        }
+        false
+    }
    /// `Item.use` runs on the client too (MultiPlayerGameMode.useItem): an
    /// item held in use until the button lets go starts being used here, so
    /// that letting go sends RELEASE_USE_ITEM (Minecraft.handleKeybinds) and
@@ -5092,6 +5273,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            // SpyglassItem.use (its sound is the server's).
            "minecraft:spyglass" => true,
+            // EnderEyeItem.use: startUsingItem unless an End portal frame is
+            // aimed at, with or without a stronghold to throw the eye at.
+            "minecraft:ender_eye" => !self.aims_at_end_portal_frame(),
            // Item.use: a kinetic weapon starts being used.
            id if horizon_client::spear::Kinetic::of(id).is_some() => true,
            // ShieldItem.use: anything that blocks attacks, off cooldown.
@@ -5105,11 +5289,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }
    /// Whether `stack` stays in use until the button lets go (bows,
-    /// crossbows, tridents, spyglasses, shields): its use only counts ticks here.
+    /// crossbows, tridents, spyglasses, shields, eyes of ender, whose
+    /// `getUseDuration` 0 never counts down to the end): its use only counts
+    /// ticks here.
    fn held_until_released(&self, stack: &ItemStack) -> bool {
        matches!(
            &*stack.item,
-            "minecraft:bow" | "minecraft:crossbow" | "minecraft:trident" | "minecraft:spyglass"
+            "minecraft:bow"
+                | "minecraft:crossbow"
+                | "minecraft:trident"
+                | "minecraft:spyglass"
+                | "minecraft:ender_eye"
        ) || horizon_client::spear::Kinetic::of(&stack.item).is_some()
            || self.blocks_attacks(stack).is_some()
    }
@@ -5593,6 +5783,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        } else {
            Input::Pickup
        };
+        if self.screen == Screen::Creative {
+            // CreativeModeInventoryScreen.slotClicked: the Survival Inventory tab clicks the
+            // player's own InventoryMenu, and its CreativeInventoryListener sends each slot that
+            // changed (SetCreativeModeSlot). No ContainerClick: a server holding the carried
+            // stack would give it back after the Destroy Item slot cleared it (#3307).
+            self.menu_click(Some(internal), i32::from(right), input);
+            return;
+        }
        self.remote_menu_ops(&[(Some(internal), i32::from(right), input)]);
    }
    /// The server's open menu: its window id and menu type (0, "inventory"
@@ -5749,6 +5947,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        } else {
            self.carried.take().expect("carried")
        };
+        self.remote_creative_throw(thrown);
+    }
+    /// `MultiPlayerGameMode.handleCreativeModeItemDrop`: a stack thrown out of the creative
+    /// screen goes to the server as a SetCreativeModeSlot to slot -1, which drops it from the
+    /// player's hand; the client only swings (`Player.drop` on a client).
+    pub(super) fn remote_creative_throw(&mut self, thrown: ItemStack) {
        if !self.creative {
            return;
        }
@@ -6094,9 +6298,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let r = self.remote.as_ref()?;
        Some(r.glowing.contains(&(id as i32)))
    }
+    /// The profile name of another player the server sent, by entity id.
+    pub(super) fn remote_player_name(&self, id: u32) -> Option<&str> {
+        let r = self.remote.as_ref()?;
+        let uuid = r.level_players.get(&(id as i32))?;
+        if *uuid == r.profile {
+            return None;
+        }
+        r.level_player_name(id as i32, uuid)
+    }
    /// Status for `horizon-ctl status`.
-    /// The other players' entities in the level and their names (from the
-    /// player list).
+    /// The other players' entities in the level and their names (their
+    /// profiles', which outlive the player list's entries).
    pub(super) fn remote_player_names(&self) -> Vec<(u32, String)> {
        let Some(r) = self.remote.as_ref() else {
            return Vec::new();
@@ -6104,7 +6317,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        r.level_players
            .iter()
            .filter(|(_, uuid)| **uuid != r.profile)
-            .filter_map(|(id, uuid)| Some((*id as u32, r.players.get(uuid)?.clone())))
+            .filter_map(|(id, uuid)| Some((*id as u32, r.level_player_name(*id, uuid)?.to_owned())))
            .collect()
    }
    /// `ClientClockManager.tick`: the clock moves on by the game time that
@@ -6240,6 +6453,50 @@ type Predicted = (
    Option<ItemStack>,
 );

+/// How many stacks the creative screen keeps in step with the server (`Remote::synced`).
+const CREATIVE_SYNCED: usize = 41;
+
+/// The player's stacks in `Remote::synced` order: the 36 inventory slots, the off hand, then
+/// the armour from the head down. `CreativeInventoryListener.slotChanged` sends every
+/// InventoryMenu slot the creative screen changes, the armour slots too.
+fn creative_sync_stacks(
+    inventory: &[Option<ItemStack>],
+    offhand: &Option<ItemStack>,
+    armor: &[Option<ItemStack>; 4],
+) -> Vec<Option<ItemStack>> {
+    let mut stacks: Vec<Option<ItemStack>> = inventory.iter().take(36).cloned().collect();
+    stacks.resize(36, None);
+    stacks.push(offhand.clone());
+    stacks.extend(armor.iter().cloned());
+    stacks
+}
+
+/// Entries of `creative_sync_stacks` that went from `before` to `now` are synced as `now`.
+fn mark_synced(
+    synced: &mut [Option<ItemStack>],
+    before: &[Option<ItemStack>],
+    now: Vec<Option<ItemStack>>,
+) {
+    for (i, stack) in now.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        if before.get(i) != Some(&stack)
+            && let Some(s) = synced.get_mut(i)
+        {
+            *s = stack;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// InventoryMenu's slot for entry `i` of `creative_sync_stacks`: the hotbar is 36..=44, the
+/// main inventory 9..=35, the off hand 45 and the armour 5..=8 (head first).
+fn creative_sync_slot(i: usize) -> i16 {
+    (match i {
+        0..9 => 36 + i,
+        36 => 45,
+        37.. => 5 + (i - 37),
+        _ => i,
+    }) as i16
+}
+
 fn menu_items(m: &horizon_client::menu::Menu) -> Vec<Option<ItemStack>> {
    (0..m.slot_count()).map(|i| m.slot(i).cloned()).collect()
 }
@@ -6377,6 +6634,13 @@ fn hand_id(hand: Hand) -> i32 {
    }
 }

+/// Whether `Item.use` of `info` ends `Minecraft.startUseItem`'s click, so the
+/// off hand gets no turn. `FireworkRocketItem.use` answers SUCCESS while the
+/// player glides (the rocket boosts them) and PASS otherwise.
+fn use_ends_click(info: &horizon_client::items::ItemInfo, fall_flying: bool) -> bool {
+    item_has_use(info) || (fall_flying && &*info.id == "minecraft:firework_rocket")
+}
+
 /// Whether `Item.use` usually acts on this item (eats, drinks, equips, raises,
 /// throws, shoots, fills or places), which ends `Minecraft.startUseItem` at
 /// its hand. Tools and materials pass, and the off hand gets its turn. The
@@ -6499,6 +6763,14 @@ impl horizon_client::interaction_input::InteractionWorld for RemoteInputWorld<'_
 }

 impl Remote {
+    /// A player entity's profile name: the one it was created with, else its
+    /// player-list entry's (an entity the list named after it spawned).
+    fn level_player_name(&self, id: i32, uuid: &u128) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.level_player_names
+            .get(&id)
+            .or_else(|| self.players.get(uuid))
+            .map(String::as_str)
+    }
    /// Players in the server's player list, this one included.
    pub(super) fn player_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.players.len()
@@ -6624,6 +6896,58 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn the_creative_sync_covers_inventory_menu_slots_5_to_45_once_each() {
+        // CreativeInventoryListener sends every InventoryMenu slot but the crafting ones: the
+        // armour (5..=8), the inventory (9..=44) and the off hand (45).
+        let stack = |item: &str| Some(horizon_client::items::ItemStack::new(item, 1));
+        let inventory: Vec<_> = (0..36)
+            .map(|i| stack(&format!("minecraft:item_{i}")))
+            .collect();
+        let offhand = stack("minecraft:shield");
+        let armor = [
+            stack("minecraft:diamond_helmet"),
+            stack("minecraft:diamond_chestplate"),
+            stack("minecraft:diamond_leggings"),
+            stack("minecraft:diamond_boots"),
+        ];
+        let stacks = super::creative_sync_stacks(&inventory, &offhand, &armor);
+        assert_eq!(stacks.len(), super::CREATIVE_SYNCED);
+        let mut slots: Vec<i16> = (0..stacks.len()).map(super::creative_sync_slot).collect();
+        // Each entry goes to the menu slot that holds that stack.
+        for (i, &slot) in slots.iter().enumerate() {
+            let game_slot = Game::menu_slot("inventory", i32::from(slot)).unwrap();
+            let expected = match game_slot {
+                0..36 => &inventory[game_slot],
+                504 => &offhand,
+                500..504 => &armor[game_slot - 500],
+                _ => panic!("entry {i} went to game slot {game_slot}"),
+            };
+            assert_eq!(&stacks[i], expected, "entry {i}, menu slot {slot}");
+        }
+        slots.sort();
+        assert_eq!(slots, (5..=45).collect::<Vec<i16>>());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_server_slot_update_leaves_an_unsent_creative_click_to_be_sent() {
+        let stack = |item: &str| Some(horizon_client::items::ItemStack::new(item, 1));
+        let none = || vec![None; super::CREATIVE_SYNCED];
+        // Synced: nothing. A click puts a helmet on (entry 37, not sent yet), then the server
+        // sets hotbar slot 0 (a pickup): only that entry counts as synced.
+        let mut synced = none();
+        let mut before = none();
+        before[37] = stack("minecraft:diamond_helmet");
+        let mut now = before.clone();
+        now[0] = stack("minecraft:stick");
+        super::mark_synced(&mut synced, &before, now.clone());
+        assert_eq!(synced[0], now[0]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            synced[37], None,
+            "the helmet still differs, so the next tick sends it"
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn every_inventory_menu_slot_is_a_game_slot_and_45_is_the_off_hand() {
        // InventoryMenu: result, 2x2 grid, armour, 27 + 9 inventory slots, then the off hand.
@@ -6659,4 +6983,31 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot_index("minecraft:generic_9x6", 504), None);
        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot_index("unknown", 0), None);
    }
+
+    /// `FireworkRocketItem.use` is SUCCESS while gliding: the main hand's
+    /// rocket ends the click and the off hand's shield is not raised (#3424).
+    /// On foot it passes, so the off hand still gets its turn.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_rocket_used_while_gliding_ends_the_click() {
+        let root = std::path::PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("../../.local/horizon-client")
+            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION);
+        if !root.join("items.json").exists() {
+            eprintln!("skipping: no prepared resources in {}", root.display());
+            return;
+        }
+        let registry = horizon_world::level::data::load_registry(&root).unwrap();
+        let facts = horizon_client::blocks::BlockFacts::load(&root, &registry).unwrap();
+        let items = horizon_client::items::Items::load(&root, &registry, &facts).unwrap();
+        let rocket = items.get("minecraft:firework_rocket").unwrap();
+        assert!(super::use_ends_click(rocket, true), "gliding");
+        assert!(!super::use_ends_click(rocket, false), "on foot");
+        // Other items answer the same whether or not the player glides.
+        let shield = items.get("minecraft:shield").unwrap();
+        let stick = items.get("minecraft:stick").unwrap();
+        for gliding in [false, true] {
+            assert!(super::use_ends_click(shield, gliding));
+            assert!(!super::use_ends_click(stick, gliding));
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -246,6 +246,11 @@ fn apply(m: &mut Mob, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)], builtin: &Builtin, local_enti
            (Species::Zombie | Species::Husk, 18, Value::Bool(converting)) => {
                m.extra.counter2 = i32::from(*converting);
            }
+            // Skeleton.DATA_STRAY_CONVERSION_ID (the first entry after Mob's):
+            // the freezing conversion's shaking.
+            (Species::Skeleton, 16, Value::Bool(converting)) => {
+                m.extra.counter2 = i32::from(*converting);
+            }
            // ZombieVillager.DATA_CONVERTING_ID (before its villager data).
            (Species::ZombieVillager, 19, Value::Bool(converting)) => {
                zombie_villager::set_converting(m, *converting);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            yaw.cos() * pitch.cos(),
        ]
    }
-    /// `FogRenderer.setupFog` for the frame's camera.
+    /// `FogRenderer.setupFog` for the frame's camera, and Horizon's Fog option.
    pub(super) fn frame_fog(
        &self,
        camera: glam::DVec3,
@@ -90,36 +90,56 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        } else {
            self.res.fog()
        };
-        horizon_client::fog::setup_fog(
-            tables,
-            &self.fog,
-            &FogInputs {
-                fog_type,
-                sky,
-                water_fog_color,
-                biome,
-                render_distance_chunks: self.terrain_distance(),
-                distant_terrain: self.lod.is_some(),
-                cloud_range_chunks: self.settings.cloud_range,
-                camera_y: camera.y,
-                min_y: self.level_min_y(),
-                flat: self.level_flat(),
-                forward: forward.map(|c| c as f32),
-                rain,
-                thunder,
-                skybox: self.dim == Dim::Overworld,
-                blindness: self
-                    .potions
-                    .effects
-                    .get("blindness")
-                    .map(|effect| (effect.duration, effect.duration == -1)),
-                darkness: self.darkness_fog(),
-                darken_world: self
-                    .boss_overlay
-                    .darken_amount(self.clock.fraction() as f32),
-                boss_world_fog: self.boss_overlay.should_create_world_fog(),
-            },
-        )
+        let input = FogInputs {
+            fog_type,
+            sky,
+            water_fog_color,
+            biome,
+            render_distance_chunks: self.terrain_distance(),
+            distant_terrain: self.lod.is_some(),
+            cloud_range_chunks: self.settings.cloud_range,
+            camera_y: camera.y,
+            min_y: self.level_min_y(),
+            flat: self.level_flat(),
+            forward: forward.map(|c| c as f32),
+            rain,
+            thunder,
+            skybox: self.dim == Dim::Overworld,
+            blindness: self
+                .potions
+                .effects
+                .get("blindness")
+                .map(|effect| (effect.duration, effect.duration == -1)),
+            darkness: self.darkness_fog(),
+            darken_world: self
+                .boss_overlay
+                .darken_amount(self.clock.fraction() as f32),
+            boss_world_fog: self.boss_overlay.should_create_world_fog(),
+            spectator: self.spectator(),
+            fire_resistance: self.potions.effects.get("fire_resistance").is_some(),
+            night_vision: self.fog_night_vision(),
+        };
+        let mut fog = horizon_client::fog::setup_fog(tables, &self.fog, &input);
+        if !self.settings.horizon.fog {
+            horizon_client::fog::clear_distance_fog(&mut fog, &input);
+        }
+        fog
+    }
+    /// `FogRenderer.computeFogColor`'s night vision brightenFactor:
+    /// `GameRenderer.nightVisionScale`, but not while Darkness is on.
+    fn fog_night_vision(&self) -> f32 {
+        let partial = self.clock.fraction() as f32;
+        match self.potions.effects.get("night_vision") {
+            Some(e) if self.potions.effects.get("darkness").is_none() => {
+                // MobEffectInstance.endsWithin(200); -1 is infinite.
+                if e.duration < 0 || e.duration > 200 {
+                    1.0
+                } else {
+                    0.7 + ((e.duration as f32 - partial) * std::f32::consts::PI * 0.2).sin() * 0.3
+                }
+            }
+            _ => 0.0,
+        }
    }
    /// `ClientLevelData.isFlat`: on the server thread, the world-wide flag.
    fn level_flat(&self) -> bool {
@@ -132,6 +132,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .play("minecraft:block.respawn_anchor.charge", Some(at), 1.0, 1.0);
        Ok(())
    }
+    /// `RespawnAnchorBlock.useItemOn`'s test: `held` is glowstone
+    /// (`isRespawnFuel`) and the block at `pos` is an anchor that takes another
+    /// charge (`canBeCharged`).
+    pub(super) fn anchor_takes(&self, pos: [i32; 3], held: Option<&ItemStack>) -> bool {
+        let state = self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
+        held.is_some_and(|s| &*s.item == "minecraft:glowstone")
+            && self.is_anchor(state)
+            && self.anchor_charges(state) < 4
+    }
    /// `RespawnAnchorBlock.useItemOn` with `held` in the hand that acts.
    pub(super) fn use_respawn_anchor(
        &mut self,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        json!({
                            "folder": w.folder,
                            "name": w.name,
-                            "mode": if w.creative { "creative" } else { "survival" },
+                            "mode": if w.game_mode == 1 { "creative" } else { "survival" },
                            "last_played": w.modified.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).map_or(0, |d| d.as_millis() as u64),
                            "commands": w.commands,
                            "version": w.version,
@@ -85,27 +85,31 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        self.score.storage.save(&self.world_root);
        self.score.stopwatches.save(&self.world_root);
-        if self.border != horizon_client::worldborder::WorldBorder::default() {
-            let _ = save::write_dat(
+        if self.border != horizon_client::worldborder::WorldBorder::default()
+            && let Err(e) = save::write_dat(
                &self.border_path(),
                Tag::compound([
                    ("data", self.border.pack()),
                    ("DataVersion", Tag::Int(horizon_world::DATA_VERSION)),
                ]),
-            );
+            )
+        {
+            log::warn!("the world border was not written: {e}");
        }
        let path = self.scoreboard_path();
        let board = &self.score.board;
        if board == &Scoreboard::default() && !path.exists() {
            return;
        }
-        let _ = save::write_dat(
+        if let Err(e) = save::write_dat(
            &path,
            Tag::compound([
                ("data", board.pack()),
                ("DataVersion", Tag::Int(horizon_world::DATA_VERSION)),
            ]),
-        );
+        ) {
+            log::warn!("the scoreboard was not written: {e}");
+        }
    }
    /// The names commands complete: objectives, teams and tracked holders.
    pub(super) fn sync_score_registries(&mut self) {
@@ -462,10 +466,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {

    // ---- teams in gameplay -----------------------------------------------------

-    /// `Entity.getTeam` of a mob (a mob joins a team by its UUID).
+    /// `Entity.getScoreboardName`: another player's profile name
+    /// (`Player.getScoreboardName`), any other entity's UUID.
+    fn scoreboard_name(&self, id: u32, uuid: [i32; 4]) -> String {
+        self.remote_player_name(id)
+            .map_or_else(|| uuid_text(uuid), str::to_owned)
+    }
+    /// `Entity.getTeam` of a mob or another player.
    pub(super) fn mob_team(&self, id: u32) -> Option<&sb::Team> {
        let uuid = self.persist.uuids.get(&id)?;
-        self.score.board.players_team(&uuid_text(*uuid))
+        self.score
+            .board
+            .players_team(&self.scoreboard_name(id, *uuid))
    }
    pub(super) fn player_team(&self) -> Option<&sb::Team> {
        self.score.board.players_team(self.acting_player_name())
@@ -482,7 +494,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                .persist
                .uuids
                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|(id, uuid)| Some((*id, board.players_team(&uuid_text(*uuid))?)))
+                .filter_map(|(id, uuid)| {
+                    Some((*id, board.players_team(&self.scoreboard_name(*id, *uuid))?))
+                })
                .collect(),
        }
    }
@@ -494,7 +508,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.persist
            .uuids
            .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, uuid)| team.players.contains(&uuid_text(**uuid)))
+            .filter(|(id, uuid)| team.players.contains(&self.scoreboard_name(**id, **uuid)))
            .map(|(id, _)| *id)
            .collect()
    }
@@ -118,14 +118,12 @@ fn death_buttons(w: f32, h: f32, hardcore: bool) -> [(f32, f32, &'static str, u8
    } else {
        "deathScreen.respawn"
    };
+    // DeathScreen.init: `width / 2 - 100`, `height / 4 + 72` and `+ 96`, in
+    // int GUI pixels.
+    let (x, y) = ((w.ceil() / 2.0).floor() - 100.0, (h.ceil() / 4.0).floor());
    [
-        (w / 2.0 - 100.0, h / 4.0 + 72.0, respawn, 0),
-        (
-            w / 2.0 - 100.0,
-            h / 4.0 + 96.0,
-            "deathScreen.titleScreen",
-            1,
-        ),
+        (x, y + 72.0, respawn, 0),
+        (x, y + 96.0, "deathScreen.titleScreen", 1),
    ]
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
@@ -366,6 +364,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            // Autosaves keep a login position; death must resolve the respawn point instead.
            self.level.position = None;
+            // The dead player's Entity.setRemoved stopped its riding: the
+            // new one is not put back into the vehicle.
+            self.riding = None;
        }
        if self.remote.is_some() {
            self.ui.death_text = None;
@@ -466,7 +467,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{Screen, pause_buttons, pause_icons};
+    use super::{Screen, death_buttons, pause_buttons, pause_icons};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn death_buttons_sit_on_whole_gui_pixels() {
+        // DeathScreen.init in ints: a 427x253 GUI (1709x1009 at scale 4) puts
+        // Respawn at (113, 63 + 72), not (113.5, 63.25 + 72).
+        let at = |w, h| death_buttons(w, h, false).map(|b| (b.0, b.1));
+        assert_eq!(at(427.0, 253.0), [(113.0, 135.0), (113.0, 159.0)]);
+        assert_eq!(at(320.0, 334.0), [(60.0, 155.0), (60.0, 179.0)]);
+    }

    #[test]
    fn menu_blur_matches_vanilla_screen_backgrounds() {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ mod run {
                && let Some(p) = &self.player
            {
                out.push(ServerPlayer {
-                    id: self.player_uuid_string(),
+                    id: uuid_string(self.player_uuid()),
                    name: crate::game::chat::PLAYER_NAME.to_owned(),
                    x: p.position.x,
                    y: p.position.y,
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ mod run {
            for event in std::mem::take(&mut self.mods.events) {
                let who = |w: &Who| {
                    let id = match w {
-                        Who::Local => self.player_uuid_string(),
+                        Who::Local => uuid_string(self.player_uuid()),
                        Who::Uuid(u) => uuid_string(*u),
                        Who::Conn(c) => {
                            let guests = self.lan.iter().flat_map(|h| &h.hub.guests);
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ mod run {
            let local = self.options.execution_role.is_client()
                && self.remote.is_none()
                && self.player.is_some();
-            if local && self.player_uuid_string() == id {
+            if local && uuid_string(self.player_uuid()) == id {
                self.add_mod_chat_line(line);
                return;
            }
@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ fn sign_box() -> EditBox {
    edit
 }

+/// AbstractSignEditScreen.init's Done button: `width / 2 - 100`,
+/// `height / 4 + 144`, int GUI pixels.
+fn done_button(w: f32, h: f32) -> (f32, f32) {
+    (
+        (w.ceil() / 2.0).floor() - 100.0,
+        (h.ceil() / 4.0).floor() + 144.0,
+    )
+}
+
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// `SignBlockEntity.getSlotPlayerIsFacing`: whether the player stands in
    /// front of the sign's text (within 90 degrees of its facing).
@@ -464,7 +473,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// or a click on a line (`EditBox.onClick`).
    pub(super) fn sign_edit_click(&mut self, size: [u32; 2]) {
        let b = HudBatch::new(size);
-        let (x, y) = (b.width / 2.0 - 100.0, b.height / 4.0 + 144.0);
+        let (x, y) = done_button(b.width, b.height);
        let (mx, my) = self.cursor;
        if mx >= x && mx < x + 200.0 && my >= y && my < y + 20.0 {
            self.audio.play_button_click();
@@ -628,7 +637,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                );
            }
        }
-        let (bx, by) = (w / 2.0 - 100.0, h / 4.0 + 144.0);
+        let (bx, by) = done_button(w, h);
        batch.sprite_scaled(
            atlas,
            "gui/sprites/widget/button",
@@ -642,10 +651,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        batch.text(
            atlas,
            "Done",
-            bx + (200.0 - tw) / 2.0,
+            bx + 100.0 - (tw / 2.0).floor(),
            by + 6.0,
            u32::MAX,
            true,
        );
    }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn done_button_sits_on_whole_gui_pixels() {
+        // `width / 2 - 100, height / 4 + 144` in ints: 334 high is 83 + 144.
+        assert_eq!(super::done_button(427.0, 334.0), (113.0, 227.0));
+        assert_eq!(super::done_button(320.0, 240.0), (60.0, 204.0));
+    }
+}