Merge pull request #1686 from Domanffe/fix/launcher-remove-retry

Launcher: a version removal retries a locked file and leaves the UI thread
Merge pull request #1694 from Domanffe/fix/swallowed-save-errors
2026-11-07 17:21:49 -10:00 · 2026-10-25 14:10:32 +01:00 · 2026-10-25 14:10:24 +01:00 · 2026-10-25 14:10:15 +01:00 · 2026-10-25 14:10:08 +01:00 · 2026-10-25 14:09:59 +01:00
504 changed files with 24267 additions and 30296 deletions
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 docs/launcher-commands.md text eol=lf
 docs/horizon-ctl-commands.md text eol=lf
 website/src/tokens.css text eol=lf
+docs/api/*-reference.md text eol=lf
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-exec python3 tools/check_public_tree.py --history
+exec python3 tools/check_public_tree.py --pre-push
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ jobs:
        env:
          RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: stable
        run: python tools/test_float_log_parity.py
-  portable-mod:
+  jfr-analysis:
    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
    runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, horizon-game]
    steps:
@@ -442,101 +442,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          distribution: temurin
          java-version: '25'
-      - name: Compile original mod and test metrics
-        run: python tools/build_mod.py
      - name: Verify streaming JFR analysis against the JDK exporter
        run: python tools/test_jfr.py
      - name: Verify ZGC pause and allocation event interpretation
        run: python tools/test_jfr.py --gc zgc
-      - name: Build pinned portable packs
-        run: python tools/build_pack.py
-      - name: Measure isolated worker pacing on this platform
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import benchmark_workers; benchmark_workers()"
-      - name: Measure isolated debounce queue polling
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import benchmark_debounce; benchmark_debounce()"
-      - name: Measure wakeable idle queue latency
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import benchmark_idle; benchmark_idle()"
-      - name: Measure object allocations with compact headers off and on
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import benchmark_headers; benchmark_headers()"
-      - name: Test pack integrity and comparisons
-        run: python -m unittest discover -s tests -v
-      - name: Start recommended OpenGL macOS clients and verify framebuffer readback
-        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
-        run: |
-          python tools/test_client_graphics.py --native-display
-          cp dist/client-graphics-smoke.json dist/client-graphics-macos-title.json
-          python tools/test_client_graphics.py --native-display --world
-          cp dist/client-graphics-smoke.json dist/client-graphics-macos-world.json
-      - name: Compile the private dispatch fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_dispatch_fixture; build_dispatch_fixture()"
-      - name: Compile the private integrated-server graphics fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('server-graphics', 'dev.horizonlab.metrics.ServerGraphicsIntegration', fixture_dependencies={})"
-      - name: Compile the private tick-manager state fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('tick-state', 'dev.horizonlab.metrics.TickStateIntegration')"
-      - name: Compile the private terrain tick membership fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_tick_dedup_fixture; build_tick_dedup_fixture()"
-      - name: Compile the private culling whitelist fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_culling_empty_fixture; build_culling_empty_fixture()"
-      - name: Compile the private culling ray geometry fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('culling-rays', 'dev.horizonlab.dispatch.CullingRayIntegration', ['entityculling'], ['CullingRayAccess'])"
-      - name: Compile the private terrain position lookup fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('terrain-position', 'dev.horizonlab.dispatch.PositionIntegration')"
-      - name: Compile the private terrain quad reuse fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('quad-reuse', 'dev.horizonlab.dispatch.QuadReuseIntegration')"
-      - name: Compile the private object-size agent and terrain quad fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.test_quad_sizes import build_agent; from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_agent(); build_integration_fixture('quad-size', 'dev.horizonlab.dispatch.QuadSizeIntegration')"
-      - name: Compile the private terrain read shutdown fixture
-        run: python -c "from tools.build_mod import build_integration_fixture; build_integration_fixture('terrain-read', 'dev.horizonlab.dispatch.TerrainReadIntegration')"
-      - name: Install headless graphics libraries for applied-hook checks
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y xvfb libgl1 libegl1 libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers libasound2t64 libxkbcommon0
-      - name: Verify integrated-server graphics report against the actual device
-        run: python tools/test_server_graphics.py ${{ runner.os == 'macOS' && '--native-display' || '' }}
-      - name: Exercise the applied dispatcher hooks and upstream rejection path
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_dispatch.py
-      - name: Verify applied tick membership transitions and allocation
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_tick_dedup.py
-      - name: Verify live culling whitelist registration and empty iteration
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_culling_empty.py
-      - name: Compare applied culling ray geometry and provider queries
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_culling_rays.py
-      - name: Verify actual full-data position lookup equivalence
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_terrain_position.py
-      - name: Verify actual terrain quad geometry and allocation
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_quad_reuse.py
-      - name: Measure actual builder and quad shallow sizes in both header modes
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_quad_sizes.py
-      - name: Verify interrupted DH reads and preserved shared futures
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        run: python tools/test_terrain_read.py
-      - name: Upload original mod and pack manifests only
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: horizon-linux
-          path: |
-            dist/*.mrpack
-            dist/horizon-*.jar
-            dist/worker-pacing-benchmark.txt
-            dist/debounce-queue-benchmark.txt
-            dist/idle-queue-benchmark.txt
-            dist/object-header-benchmark.txt
-            dist/dispatch-integration.json
-            dist/tick-dedup-integration.json
-            dist/culling-empty-integration.json
-            dist/terrain-read-integration.json
-            dist/culling-rays-integration.json
-            dist/terrain-position-integration.json
-            dist/quad-reuse-integration.json
-            dist/quad-size-integration.json
-            dist/server-graphics-smoke.json
-            dist/client-graphics-smoke.json
-            dist/client-graphics-macos-title.json
-            dist/client-graphics-macos-world.json
-          retention-days: 3
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: mod-registry
+# The submission service is its own workspace (crates/horizon-mod-registry), so the checks job doesn't build
+# it: this one does, when it or horizon-mods (the checks it shares with the launcher and the game) changes.
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - 'crates/horizon-mods/**'
+      - 'crates/horizon-mod-registry/**'
+      - '.github/workflows/mod-registry.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'crates/horizon-mods/**'
+      - 'crates/horizon-mod-registry/**'
+      - '.github/workflows/mod-registry.yml'
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: crates/horizon-mod-registry
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: rustup toolchain install stable --profile minimal --component rustfmt --component clippy
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          workspaces: crates/horizon-mod-registry
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
+      - run: cargo +stable fmt --check
+      - run: cargo +stable clippy --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings
+      - run: cargo +stable test --locked
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 name: release
 # Automatic game releases (docs/release-flow.md). After every green `checks` run on main, every 10 minutes (so a
 # release waiting for merges to settle goes out without another merge) and by hand, tools/release_train.py decides:
-# a release when pull requests merged since the last one changed what players run and the newest merged 5 minutes
-# ago (the oldest 20 minutes ago, if merges never pause), or at once for a pull request labelled release-now.
+# a release when 5 pull requests merged since the last one changed what players run and the newest merged 5 minutes
+# ago, or when the oldest has waited 6 hours, or at once for a pull request labelled release-now.
 # RELEASES_PAUSED=1 (repository variable) stops them; so does an open issue labelled release-blocker, forced runs too.
 # Builds Linux (an older Ubuntu, so the binary runs on any recent distribution and on NixOS through nix-ld) and
 # Windows on GitHub, macOS on the Mac mini's runner (MAC_RUNNER=macos-latest sends it to GitHub), then
@@ -367,10 +367,15 @@ jobs:
          TAG: ${{ needs.decide.outputs.tag }}
        run: |
          signature=(); [[ -f dist/SHA256SUMS.sig ]] && signature=(dist/SHA256SUMS.sig)
-          # The release and the latest at once: there is one channel (docs/release-flow.md).
+          # The release and the latest at once: there is one channel (docs/release-flow.md). Each archive gets a
+          # label (file#label), which GitHub's page shows instead of the file name, so nobody takes the game's
+          # files for the download (#1647). Launchers, servers and install.sh match the name, which stays.
          gh release create "$TAG" --target "${{ needs.decide.outputs.head }}" --title "$(cat notes/title.txt)" \
-            --notes-file notes/body.md --latest dist/horizon-linux-x86_64.tar.gz \
-            dist/horizon-windows-x64.zip dist/horizon-macos-arm64.zip dist/horizon-server-linux-x86_64.tar.gz \
+            --notes-file notes/body.md --latest \
+            "dist/horizon-linux-x86_64.tar.gz#Game files the launcher installs: Linux (horizon-linux-x86_64.tar.gz)" \
+            "dist/horizon-windows-x64.zip#Game files the launcher installs: Windows (horizon-windows-x64.zip)" \
+            "dist/horizon-macos-arm64.zip#Game files the launcher installs: macOS (horizon-macos-arm64.zip)" \
+            "dist/horizon-server-linux-x86_64.tar.gz#Dedicated server for Linux (horizon-server-linux-x86_64.tar.gz)" \
            dist/SHA256SUMS "${signature[@]}" dist/smoke-test.json
      - name: Dry run, the release that would be published
        if: needs.decide.outputs.dry_run == 'true'
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ Feature → files → harness for the most-changed areas: [docs/architecture.md]
 - Horizon-only features follow [docs/design-system.md](docs/design-system.md) and are off by default where
  they would change the vanilla look.
 - Small PRs (< ~500 lines). Labels: `feature` (players get something new), `skip-release` (they see no
-  change), none for a fix. Agents never add `release-now`: the maintainer decides it. Every merge to main ships
-  ([docs/release-flow.md](docs/release-flow.md)).
+  change), none for a fix. Agents never add `release-now`: the maintainer decides it. Merges ship in batches of 5, or after
+  6 hours ([docs/release-flow.md](docs/release-flow.md)).
 - Contributors first: `gh pr list --state open --search <area>` before you start; never duplicate theirs.

 ## Crates
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ Game workspace (root `Cargo.toml`); `launcher/` and `crates/horizon-telemetry-se
 | `horizon-server` | `horizon-server`: `server.toml`, CLI, supervisor of the headless game ([docs/hosting.md](docs/hosting.md)) |
 | `horizon-server-files` | `server.properties`, eula, ops/whitelist/bans, usercache |
 | `horizon-friends`, `horizon-relay` | Play with Friends: invite codes, encrypted tunnel, the relay ([docs/play-with-friends.md](docs/play-with-friends.md)) |
-| `horizon-shaderpack` | OptiFine/Iris packs: preprocessor, GLSL → WGSL ([docs/shader-packs.md](docs/shader-packs.md)) |
 | `horizon-mods`, `horizon-mod-sdk`, `cargo-horizon-mod` | Sandboxed WebAssembly mods: runtime, SDK + WIT, `cargo horizon-mod` ([docs/mods.md](docs/mods.md)) |
 | `horizon-port-pack` | Porting Java modpacks ([docs/modpacks.md](docs/modpacks.md)) |
+| `horizon-shaders` | Shader packs (the `shaders/` folder format), rebuilt clean-room from a written spec of the format; no wgpu |
 | `horizon-theme` | Design tokens and fonts for the launcher, the game's own menus and the website |
 | `horizon-telemetry`, `horizon-telemetry-server`, `horizon-bench` | Opt-in data collection, its ingest server, the benchmark report format |
-| `horizon-dualsense`, `horizon-threads`, `horizon-release-sign`, `horizon-bots`, `voxel-kernels`, `xtask` | DualSense output, thread priorities, signed release checksums, load-test bots, occupancy kernels, repo tasks |
+| `horizon-dualsense`, `horizon-threads`, `horizon-release-sign`, `horizon-bots`, `xtask` | DualSense output, thread priorities, signed release checksums, load-test bots, repo tasks |
 | `launcher/` | GPUI launcher: `main.rs` (UI), `backend.rs` (installs, updates), `cli.rs`, `mcp.rs`, `*_page.rs` |

 Other top-level folders: `tools/` (harnesses and dev scripts), `tests/` (Python unit tests: `python3 -m
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ python3 tools/agent_control_e2e.py         # horizon-ctl / MCP end to end
 | Input | game.rs `fn window_event`, `fn key_pressed`, `fn play_mouse`; L: `keybinds.rs`, `keymapping.rs`, `key_names.rs`, `mouse.rs`, `input.rs`, `interaction_input.rs`, `gamepad.rs`, `osk.rs`, `clipboard.rs`; G: `pad.rs`, `pad_menu.rs` |
 | Audio | L: `audio.rs` (mixer), `sound_engine.rs`, `sound_events.rs`, `music.rs`, `ambience.rs`; G: `music.rs`, `subtitle_hud.rs` |
 | Resource packs | L: `packs.rs` + `packs/`, `pack_screen.rs`, `atlas_sources.rs`, `sprites.rs`, `mipmap.rs`, `model_library.rs`, `font.rs`, `lang.rs`; crate `horizon-assets`; G: `packs.rs` |
-| Shader packs | L: `shader_pack.rs` (Horizon WGSL packs), `java_pack.rs` + crate `horizon-shaderpack` (Iris/OptiFine), `gfx/pack_stages.rs`, `gfx/java_stages.rs`; G: `shader_packs.rs` |
 | Agent control | L: `control.rs` (socket), `bin/horizon-ctl/`; G: `control.rs`, `agent.rs`, `events.rs`, `ui_control.rs` ([docs/agent-control.md](docs/agent-control.md)) |
 | Mods | crate `horizon-mods`; G: `mods.rs`; L: `mod_content.rs`, `mod_list.rs` |
 | Horizon extras, settings | L: `extras.rs`, `graphics.rs`, `settings.rs`, `minimap.rs`; G: `extras.rs`, `tweaks.rs`, `options.rs` |
@@ -151,19 +150,19 @@ python3 tools/agent_control_e2e.py         # horizon-ctl / MCP end to end

 ## The two single-player paths

-1. **In-frame (default since #1428):** the window's `Game` ticks the world itself, one level that follows
-   the player (`fn enter_dimension`). This is what Stable players run and what harnesses test.
-2. **Server thread (`--server-thread` or `HORIZON_SERVER_THREAD=1`):** `game/integrated.rs` runs a second
-   `Game` (`serving`) on a "Server thread" with one level per dimension; the window joins it as a client
-   through memory (`remote`), exactly as a LAN guest or a dedicated server's player does. Not at parity yet:
-   open `[server-thread]` issues list the gaps.
+1. **Server thread (default since #1514):** `game/integrated.rs` runs a second `Game` (`serving`) on a
+   "Server thread" with one level per dimension; the window joins it as a client through memory (`remote`),
+   exactly as a LAN guest or a dedicated server's player does. This is what players run. Open
+   `[server-thread]` issues list the gaps left.
+2. **In-frame (`--in-frame`, `--no-server-thread` or `HORIZON_SERVER_THREAD=0`):** the window's `Game` ticks
+   the world itself, one level that follows the player (`fn enter_dimension`). Most harnesses test this path.

 LAN guests and dedicated servers always use the server code, so a fix there serves both. Test both paths
 when you touch player-facing gameplay:

 ```sh
-cargo run --profile fast -p horizon-client -- --resources .local/horizon-client/26.3 --world T                   # in-frame
-cargo run --profile fast -p horizon-client -- --resources .local/horizon-client/26.3 --world T --server-thread   # server thread
+cargo run --profile fast -p horizon-client -- --resources .local/horizon-client/26.3 --world T               # server thread
+cargo run --profile fast -p horizon-client -- --resources .local/horizon-client/26.3 --world T --in-frame    # in-frame
 python3 tools/lan_e2e.py --check <name>                  # host in-frame, guest is a server client
 python3 tools/lan_e2e.py --server-thread --check <name>  # host on its server thread (portals, levels, distance, lava need it)
 python3 tools/parity.py dedicated_server server_entities server_player_damage
@@ -39,6 +39,17 @@ probe against Horizon, and compares their outputs. There are about 290 of them.

 Never commit game files, decompiled source or prepared resources (`.local/`): `tools/check_public_tree.py` rejects
 them (`git config core.hooksPath .githooks` runs it before every commit).
+The pre-push hook checks the full history reachable from the branches and tags being pushed. Run
+`python3 tools/check_public_tree.py --history` to audit the history of all local refs.
+
+## Only original code
+
+Horizon's code is written from Minecraft 26.3 itself and from public documentation, never from another mod, loader
+or renderer. Don't read, copy, translate or paraphrase the source of Iris, OptiFine, Sodium or any other project,
+and don't send code an AI tool wrote from it. Their user documentation and file formats are fine to read, and their
+packs and mods are fine to run and observe. Shader packs were removed on 24 October 2026 (#1561) because their code
+had been written from another project's source; they come back only as a clean-room rewrite from a written
+description of the pack format.

 ## Before asking for review

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
 "parking_lot",
 "percent-encoding",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.60.2",
 "wl-clipboard-rs",
 "x11rb",
 ]
@@ -178,15 +178,6 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "175571dd1d178ced59193a6fc02dde1b972eb0bc56c892cde9beeceac5bf0f6b"

-[[package]]
-name = "ascii-canvas"
-version = "4.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef1e3e699d84ab1b0911a1010c5c106aa34ae89aeac103be5ce0c3859db1e891"
-dependencies = [
- "term",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ash"
 version = "0.38.0+1.3.281"
@@ -214,30 +205,15 @@ version = "0.22.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"

-[[package]]
-name = "bit-set"
-version = "0.8.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
-dependencies = [
- "bit-vec 0.8.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-set"
 version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09ec2f926cc3060f09db9ebc5b52823d85268d24bb917e472c0c4bea35780a7d"
 dependencies = [
- "bit-vec 0.9.1",
+ "bit-vec",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "bit-vec"
-version = "0.8.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
 version = "0.9.1"
@@ -283,16 +259,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "objc2 0.6.5",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "borsh"
-version = "1.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "553c5d846a6ba5150c65e3b1b8ec073bcf1abc20f9b7220de384a4443ea4e20a"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "cfg_aliases",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.20.3"
@@ -484,15 +450,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "convert_case"
-version = "0.10.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-segmentation",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "coords-hud"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -797,41 +754,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.119",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "darling"
-version = "0.20.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc7f46116c46ff9ab3eb1597a45688b6715c6e628b5c133e288e709a29bcb4ee"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "darling_macro",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_core"
-version = "0.20.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0d00b9596d185e565c2207a0b01f8bd1a135483d02d9b7b0a54b11da8d53412e"
-dependencies = [
- "fnv",
- "ident_case",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "strsim",
- "syn 2.0.119",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_macro"
-version = "0.20.11"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fc34b93ccb385b40dc71c6fceac4b2ad23662c7eeb248cf10d529b7e055b6ead"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.119",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "dasp_sample"
 version = "0.11.0"
@@ -849,29 +771,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 3.0.6",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "derive_more"
-version = "2.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d751e9e49156b02b44f9c1815bcb94b984cdcc4396ecc32521c739452808b134"
-dependencies = [
- "derive_more-impl",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "derive_more-impl"
-version = "2.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "799a97264921d8623a957f6c3b9011f3b5492f557bbb7a5a19b7fa6d06ba8dcb"
-dependencies = [
- "convert_case",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "rustc_version",
- "syn 2.0.119",
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -958,15 +857,6 @@ version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "edd0f118536f44f5ccd48bcb8b111bdc3de888b58c74639dfb034a357d0f206d"

-[[package]]
-name = "ena"
-version = "0.14.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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-
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-
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-
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- "thiserror 2.0.21",
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-
 [[package]]
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 version = "0.28.0"
@@ -1428,7 +1266,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "horizon-mods",
 "horizon-protocol",
 "horizon-server-files",
- "horizon-shaderpack",
 "horizon-telemetry",
 "horizon-theme",
 "horizon-threads",
@@ -1441,9 +1278,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustix 1.1.5",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
 "sha2",
 "symphonia",
- "toml",
 "ureq",
 "wgpu",
 "winit",
@@ -1478,7 +1315,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "sha2",
- "socket2",
+ "socket2 0.5.10",
 "spake2",
 ]

@@ -1494,8 +1331,10 @@ name = "horizon-mods"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
+ "minisign-verify",
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
+ "sha2",
 "toml",
 "wasmtime",
 "wit-component 0.239.0",
@@ -1541,6 +1380,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "getrandom 0.3.4",
 "horizon-core",
 "horizon-world",
+ "ipconfig",
 "serde_json",
 "sha1",
 "sha2",
@@ -1595,12 +1435,9 @@ dependencies = [
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "horizon-shaderpack"
+name = "horizon-shaders"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "glsl-lang",
- "naga",
- "pp-rs",
 "zip",
 ]

@@ -1755,12 +1592,6 @@ version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"

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-
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -1833,6 +1664,19 @@ dependencies = [
 "generic-array",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "ipconfig"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4d40460c0ce33d6ce4b0630ad68ff63d6661961c48b6dba35e5a4d81cfb48222"
+dependencies = [
+ "socket2 0.6.5",
+ "widestring",
+ "windows-registry",
+ "windows-result 0.4.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.14.0"
@@ -1943,73 +1787,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "wasm-bindgen",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "keccak"
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb26cec98cce3a3d96cbb7bced3c4b16e3d13f27ec56dbd62cbc8f39cfb9d653"
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-
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- "ena",
- "itertools",
- "lalrpop-util",
- "petgraph 0.7.1",
- "pico-args",
- "regex",
- "regex-syntax",
- "sha3",
- "string_cache",
- "term",
- "unicode-xid",
- "walkdir",
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-
-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
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- "rustversion",
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-
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-dependencies = [
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- "lalrpop-util",
- "lang-util-derive",
- "line-span",
- "smol_str 0.3.6",
- "text-size",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
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- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.119",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.1"
@@ -2066,12 +1843,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "pkg-config",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "line-span"
-version = "0.1.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "29fc123b2f6600099ca18248f69e3ee02b09c4188c0d98e9a690d90dec3e408a"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.4.15"
@@ -2150,6 +1921,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "minisign-verify"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "871285dc19d8d0ebe0eef3d0e99a205f2a71363b122632cbbfa4a6c370a960ce"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -2183,7 +1960,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a616d2fb8c89516ac2723a581f69d6c18576046bed761bd6b305e5618e6ae130"
 dependencies = [
 "arrayvec",
- "bit-set 0.10.0",
+ "bit-set",
 "bitflags 2.13.2",
 "cfg-if",
 "cfg_aliases",
@@ -2196,7 +1973,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "naga-types",
 "num-traits",
 "once_cell",
- "pp-rs",
 "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
 "spirv",
 "thiserror 2.0.21",
@@ -2245,12 +2021,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "jni-sys 0.3.1",
 ]

-[[package]]
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-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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-
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
 version = "0.31.3"
@@ -2750,16 +2520,6 @@ version = "2.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"

-[[package]]
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-dependencies = [
- "fixedbitset",
- "indexmap",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "petgraph"
 version = "0.8.3"
@@ -2771,31 +2531,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "indexmap",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "phf_generator"
-version = "0.11.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c80231409c20246a13fddb31776fb942c38553c51e871f8cbd687a4cfb5843d"
-dependencies = [
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- "rand",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67eabc2ef2a60eb7faa00097bd1ffdb5bd28e62bf39990626a582201b7a754e5"
-dependencies = [
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-]
-
-[[package]]
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5be167a7af36ee22fe3115051bc51f6e6c7054c9348e28deb4f49bd6f705a315"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project"
 version = "1.1.13"
@@ -2914,21 +2649,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "zerovec",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "pp-rs"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bb458bb7f6e250e6eb79d5026badc10a3ebb8f9a15d1fff0f13d17c71f4d6dee"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-xid",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "925383efa346730478fb4838dbe9137d2a47675ad789c546d150a6e1dd4ab31c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "presser"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -3022,15 +2742,6 @@ version = "6.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"

-[[package]]
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e058c7de0b26af77780c769414d6257830bb240f3c38477dbc2c16e5f54d6d4c"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
 version = "0.6.4"
@@ -3369,16 +3080,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "digest",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "sha3"
-version = "0.10.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77fd7028345d415a4034cf8777cd4f8ab1851274233b45f84e3d955502d93874"
-dependencies = [
- "digest",
- "keccak",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -3407,12 +3108,6 @@ version = "0.1.5"
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 checksum = "e3a9fe34e3e7a50316060351f37187a3f546bce95496156754b601a5fa71b76e"

-[[package]]
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33f4fe9184a62d842c9ef383018f3306d8ba224fd9d836f56d7288308847c256"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
 version = "0.4.12"
@@ -3462,16 +3157,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "smol_str"
-version = "0.3.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4aaa7368fcf4852a4c2dd92df0cace6a71f2091ca0a23391ce7f3a31833f1523"
-dependencies = [
- "borsh",
- "serde_core",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
 version = "0.5.10"
@@ -3482,6 +3167,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "socket2"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3d1e2c7f27f8d4cb10542a02c49005dbd6e93095799d6f3be745fae9f8fedd4"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "spake2"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -3521,37 +3216,6 @@ version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6637bab7722d379c8b41ba849228d680cc12d0a45ba1fa2b48f2a30577a06731"

-[[package]]
-name = "string_cache"
-version = "0.8.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bf776ba3fa74f83bf4b63c3dcbbf82173db2632ed8452cb2d891d33f459de70f"
-dependencies = [
- "new_debug_unreachable",
- "parking_lot",
- "phf_shared",
- "precomputed-hash",
- "serde",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "string_cache_codegen"
-version = "0.5.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c711928715f1fe0fe509c53b43e993a9a557babc2d0a3567d0a3006f1ac931a0"
-dependencies = [
- "phf_generator",
- "phf_shared",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strsim"
-version = "0.11.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "subtle"
 version = "2.6.1"
@@ -3668,15 +3332,6 @@ version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "adb6935a6f5c20170eeceb1a3835a49e12e19d792f6dd344ccc76a985ca5a6ca"

-[[package]]
-name = "term"
-version = "1.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8c27177b12a6399ffc08b98f76f7c9a1f4fe9fc967c784c5a071fa8d93cf7e1"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.61.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "termcolor"
 version = "1.4.1"
@@ -3686,12 +3341,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi-util",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "text-size"
-version = "1.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f18aa187839b2bdb1ad2fa35ead8c4c2976b64e4363c386d45ac0f7ee85c9233"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "1.0.69"
@@ -3852,7 +3501,7 @@ checksum = "b8765b90061cba6c22b5831f675da109ae5561588290f9fa2317adab2714d5a6"
 dependencies = [
 "memchr",
 "nom",
- "petgraph 0.8.3",
+ "petgraph",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3968,10 +3617,6 @@ version = "0.9.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"

-[[package]]
-name = "voxel-kernels"
-version = "0.1.0"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
 version = "2.5.0"
@@ -4573,8 +4218,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "14c018fce9b6270aa203c2fdd56f3cce996713534bd757e4ea58c8560b121f14"
 dependencies = [
 "arrayvec",
- "bit-set 0.10.0",
- "bit-vec 0.9.1",
+ "bit-set",
+ "bit-vec",
 "bitflags 2.13.2",
 "bytemuck",
 "cfg_aliases",
@@ -4624,7 +4269,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "android_system_properties",
 "arrayvec",
 "ash",
- "bit-set 0.10.0",
+ "bit-set",
 "bitflags 2.13.2",
 "block2 0.6.2",
 "bytemuck",
@@ -4688,6 +4333,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "web-sys",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "widestring"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72069c3113ab32ab29e5584db3c6ec55d416895e60715417b5b883a357c3e471"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-util"
 version = "0.1.11"
@@ -4820,6 +4471,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-link",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "windows-registry"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "02752bf7fbdcce7f2a27a742f798510f3e5ad88dbe84871e5168e2120c3d5720"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result 0.4.1",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -5122,7 +4784,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustix 0.38.44",
 "sctk-adwaita",
 "smithay-client-toolkit",
- "smol_str 0.2.2",
+ "smol_str",
 "tracing",
 "unicode-segmentation",
 "wasm-bindgen",
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [workspace]
-exclude = ["launcher", "crates/horizon-telemetry-server", "third_party/wgpu-hal"]
-members = ["crates/horizon-core", "crates/horizon-dualsense", "crates/horizon-threads", "crates/horizon-world", "crates/voxel-kernels", "crates/horizon-client", "crates/horizon-server-files", "crates/horizon-server", "crates/horizon-bots", "crates/horizon-assets", "crates/horizon-protocol", "crates/horizon-theme", "crates/horizon-shaderpack", "crates/horizon-prepare", "crates/horizon-telemetry", "crates/horizon-bench", "crates/horizon-friends", "crates/horizon-relay", "crates/horizon-mod-sdk", "crates/horizon-mods", "crates/horizon-mods/tests/guest", "crates/cargo-horizon-mod", "crates/horizon-port-pack", "crates/horizon-release-sign", "crates/horizon-mod-sdk/examples/coords-hud", "xtask"]
+exclude = ["launcher", "crates/horizon-telemetry-server", "crates/horizon-mod-registry", "third_party/wgpu-hal"]
+members = ["crates/horizon-core", "crates/horizon-dualsense", "crates/horizon-threads", "crates/horizon-world", "crates/horizon-client", "crates/horizon-server-files", "crates/horizon-server", "crates/horizon-bots", "crates/horizon-assets", "crates/horizon-protocol", "crates/horizon-theme", "crates/horizon-prepare", "crates/horizon-telemetry", "crates/horizon-bench", "crates/horizon-friends", "crates/horizon-relay", "crates/horizon-mod-sdk", "crates/horizon-mods", "crates/horizon-mods/tests/guest", "crates/cargo-horizon-mod", "crates/horizon-port-pack", "crates/horizon-shaders", "crates/horizon-release-sign", "crates/horizon-mod-sdk/examples/coords-hud", "xtask"]
 resolver = "2"

 [workspace.package]
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ The [documentation](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/) covers each of these.

 - **The game:** singleplayer with vanilla's world generation, mobs, villagers, raids, redstone, every command, the HUD and the recipe book, on saves in vanilla's format. Worlds from 1.8 to 26.2 are upgraded as vanilla does. [Status table](#project-status).
 - **Horizon's own extras:** new menus (vanilla's are one setting away), graphics presets, distant terrain up to 1024 chunks, controller support, optional zoom, minimap and more, all off by default where they would change the vanilla look. See [Settings](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/settings).
- **Resource packs, shader packs and data packs:** resource packs work, Java shader packs run their full-screen effects (experimental), and data packs load functions, predicates and item modifiers.
+- **Resource packs and data packs:** resource packs work, and data packs load functions, predicates and item modifiers.
 - **Playing with others:** invite friends from the pause menu's Friends button with a code, Open to LAN, and joining offline-mode servers. Horizon cannot sign in to a Microsoft account yet, so it cannot join servers that check accounts. See [Multiplayer](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/multiplayer).
 - **Mods:** Horizon has its own mod system (Rust compiled to WebAssembly). Java mod jars do not run. See [Mods and data packs](https://playhorizon.dev/docs/mods).

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Screenshots, captured in the Rust client itself with vanilla assets and no mods
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="50%"><img src="docs/media/survival.webp" alt="Survival at dusk: a zombie walks up, with the hotbar, health, hunger and experience"></td>
-    <td width="50%"><img src="docs/media/settings.webp" alt="Vanilla's Video Settings screen with Horizon's own buttons at the top: Horizon Graphics, Advanced Graphics and Shader Packs"></td>
+    <td width="50%"><img src="docs/media/settings.webp" alt="Vanilla's Video Settings screen with Horizon's own buttons at the top: Horizon Graphics and Advanced Graphics"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="50%"><img src="docs/media/village.webp" alt="A plains village among savanna hills, with farms, villagers and an iron golem"></td>
@@ -1,35 +1,5 @@
 # Third-party notices

-## CullLeaves
-
-The optional leaf and mangrove-root face-culling behavior is adapted from
-[CullLeaves](https://github.com/TeamMidnightDust/CullLeaves) by MidnightDust.
-Its MIT license is reproduced below.
-
-```text
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2020 MidnightDust
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.
-```
-
 ## wgpu-hal

 `third_party/wgpu-hal` is [wgpu-hal](https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu) 30.0.1 by the gfx-rs
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ average) and reached the ThinkPad over the tailnet.
  It ran with Paper's defaults except `connection-throttle: -1` in `bukkit.yml`. Every bot connects from one
  address, and the default throttle (4 s) refused all but the first. Paperclip patched the pinned server jar
  from its cache. Same Java and heap.
- Fabric + Lithium: the pinned server jar on Fabric loader 0.19.5 (`packs/fabric.lock.json`) with Lithium
-  `mc26.3-0.26.2-fabric` (`packs/mods.lock.json`, checked against its SHA-512). Lithium needs no Fabric API.
+- Fabric + Lithium: the pinned server jar on Fabric loader 0.19.5 (`tools/benchmark-deps/fabric.lock.json`) with Lithium
+  `mc26.3-0.26.2-fabric` (`tools/benchmark-deps/mods.lock.json`, checked against its SHA-512). Lithium needs no Fabric API.
  Same Java and heap.

 The Paper and Fabric jars are dev-only downloads into `.local/server-bench/jars` and are never committed or
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 rust-version = "1.86"
-description = "cargo horizon-mod new/build/run: make Horizon mods in Rust (docs/mods.md)"
+description = "cargo horizon-mod new/build/run/check: make Horizon mods in Rust (docs/mods.md)"

 [dependencies]
-horizon-mods = { path = "../horizon-mods", default-features = false, features = ["pack"] }
+horizon-mods = { path = "../horizon-mods", default-features = false, features = ["pack", "runtime", "index"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.151"

 [lints]
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+//! `cargo horizon-mod check <file>`: what the registry checks of a submission,
+//! run anywhere: its kind's own checks (docs/api/mod-index.md), its signature
+//! when given a key, and for a mod a trial run in the sandbox: it must start,
+//! survive ticks, frames, a chat line and each of its commands, and import
+//! no more than its capabilities.
+use horizon_mods::{
+    Clock, Mods, Output, Package, Player, Snapshot, Status,
+    index::{self, Facts, Kind},
+    manifest::component_imports,
+};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// How long the trial run plays: two seconds of game.
+const TICKS: u64 = 40;
+const FRAMES_PER_TICK: u64 = 3;
+
+pub struct Report {
+    pub kind: Kind,
+    pub facts: Facts,
+    pub sha256: String,
+    pub size: u64,
+    pub signed: bool,
+    /// A mod's component imports.
+    pub imports: Vec<String>,
+    /// A mod's commands, each run once.
+    pub commands: Vec<String>,
+    /// What the mod showed during the trial run.
+    pub output: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Report {
+    pub fn json(&self) -> Value {
+        let requires: Vec<Value> = self
+            .facts
+            .requires
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| json!({"id": r.id, "version": r.version, "sha256": r.sha256}))
+            .collect();
+        json!({
+            "kind": self.kind.name(),
+            "id": self.facts.id,
+            "version": self.facts.version,
+            "api": self.facts.api,
+            "side": self.facts.side,
+            "capabilities": self.facts.capabilities,
+            "game": self.facts.game,
+            "requires": requires,
+            "sha256": self.sha256,
+            "size": self.size,
+            "signed": self.signed,
+            "imports": self.imports,
+            "commands": self.commands,
+            "output": self.output,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn text(&self) -> String {
+        let f = &self.facts;
+        let mut out = format!(
+            "{} {} ({}",
+            f.id.as_deref().unwrap_or("resource pack"),
+            f.version.as_deref().unwrap_or(""),
+            self.kind.name()
+        );
+        if let Some(side) = f.side {
+            let side = serde_json::to_value(side).unwrap_or_default();
+            out += &format!(", API {}, {}", f.api, side.as_str().unwrap_or("?"));
+        } else if !f.api.is_empty() {
+            out += &format!(", format {}", f.api);
+        }
+        if let Some(game) = &f.game {
+            out += &format!(", for {game}");
+        }
+        let signed = if self.signed {
+            "signature verified"
+        } else {
+            "unsigned"
+        };
+        out += &format!(
+            ")\n  {} bytes, SHA-256 {}, {signed}\n",
+            self.size, self.sha256
+        );
+        for c in &f.capabilities {
+            out += &format!("  may {}\n", c.describe());
+        }
+        for r in &f.requires {
+            out += &format!("  needs {} {} ({})\n", r.id, r.version, &r.sha256[..12]);
+        }
+        if self.kind == Kind::Mod {
+            let commands = if self.commands.is_empty() {
+                String::new()
+            } else {
+                format!(", /{}", self.commands.join(", /"))
+            };
+            out += &format!(
+                "  trial run: started, {TICKS} ticks, {} frames, a chat line{commands}: ok\n",
+                TICKS * FRAMES_PER_TICK
+            );
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+/// The kind a file's extension says.
+pub fn kind_of(path: &Path) -> Option<Kind> {
+    match path.extension()?.to_str()? {
+        "hmod" => Some(Kind::Mod),
+        "hpack" => Some(Kind::Modpack),
+        "zip" => Some(Kind::ResourcePack),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks the file at `path` as `kind`; `key` and `signature` (the
+/// `.minisig` text) check its signature.
+pub fn check(
+    path: &Path,
+    kind: Kind,
+    key: Option<&str>,
+    signature: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Report, String> {
+    let size = std::fs::metadata(path)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", path.display()))?
+        .len();
+    if size > index::MAX_FILE {
+        return Err(format!("over {} MiB", index::MAX_FILE >> 20));
+    }
+    index::open(&kind)?;
+    let facts = index::inspect(&kind, path)?;
+    let signed = match (key, signature) {
+        (Some(key), Some(sig)) => {
+            index::verify_signature(key, sig, path)?;
+            true
+        }
+        (None, None) => false,
+        _ => return Err("--key and --signature go together".into()),
+    };
+    let mut report = Report {
+        kind,
+        facts,
+        sha256: index::sha256_file(path)?,
+        size,
+        signed,
+        imports: Vec::new(),
+        commands: Vec::new(),
+        output: Vec::new(),
+    };
+    if report.kind == Kind::Mod {
+        trial_run(path, &mut report)?;
+    }
+    Ok(report)
+}
+
+/// Runs a mod in the sandbox, as the game does, from a scratch copy so its
+/// storage lands in a folder removed afterwards.
+fn trial_run(path: &Path, report: &mut Report) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let package = Package::read(path)?;
+    let wasm = package.wasm.as_deref().ok_or("the .hmod has no mod.wasm")?;
+    report.imports = component_imports(wasm)?;
+    package
+        .manifest
+        .check_imports(report.imports.iter().map(String::as_str))?;
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("horizon-mod-check-{}", std::process::id()));
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let copy = dir.join("mod.hmod");
+    let result = std::fs::copy(path, &copy)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+        .and_then(|_| play(&copy, report));
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    result
+}
+
+fn play(path: &Path, report: &mut Report) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let mut mods = Mods::load(&[path.to_path_buf()], |_| true, |_| false);
+    let failed = |mods: &Mods| match &mods.entries()[0].status {
+        Status::Failed(reason) => Some(reason.clone()),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+    if let Some(reason) = failed(&mods) {
+        return Err(format!("it didn't start: {reason}"));
+    }
+    report.commands = mods.commands().map(str::to_owned).collect();
+    for t in 0..TICKS {
+        mods.set_snapshot(Snapshot {
+            player: Some(Player {
+                x: 0.5 + t as f64 * 0.1,
+                y: 64.0,
+                z: 0.5,
+                yaw: 90.0,
+                pitch: 0.0,
+                health: 20.0,
+                food: 20,
+                dimension: "minecraft:overworld".into(),
+            }),
+            clock: Some(Clock {
+                game_time: t,
+                day_time: 1000 + t,
+            }),
+        });
+        mods.tick(t);
+        for _ in 0..FRAMES_PER_TICK {
+            mods.frame(1.0 / 60.0);
+        }
+    }
+    mods.chat("<Steve> hello");
+    for name in report.commands.clone() {
+        mods.command(&name);
+    }
+    for out in mods.drain() {
+        report.output.push(match out {
+            Output::Chat { text, .. } => format!("chat: {text}"),
+            Output::Feedback { text, error } => {
+                format!("{}: {text}", if error { "error" } else { "feedback" })
+            }
+            Output::Stopped { reason, .. } => return Err(format!("it stopped: {reason}")),
+        });
+    }
+    match failed(&mods) {
+        Some(reason) => Err(format!("it stopped: {reason}")),
+        None => Ok(()),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn fixture(name: &str) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("../horizon-mods/tests/index")
+            .join(name)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn checks_each_kind_its_own_way() {
+        let pack = fixture("cozy-1.0.0.hpack");
+        let report = check(&pack, kind_of(&pack).unwrap(), None, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(report.facts.requires[0].id, "coords_hud");
+        assert!(
+            report
+                .text()
+                .contains("cozy 1.0.0 (modpack, format 1, for 26.3)")
+        );
+        // The fixture mod's code is a stand-in: its manifest reads, its run fails.
+        let hmod = fixture("coords_hud-0.1.0.hmod");
+        let key = std::fs::read_to_string(fixture("test.pub")).unwrap();
+        let sig = std::fs::read_to_string(fixture("coords_hud-0.1.0.hmod.minisig")).unwrap();
+        let key = key.lines().last().unwrap();
+        let e = check(&hmod, Kind::Mod, Some(key), Some(&sig))
+            .err()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(e.contains("didn't start"), "{e}");
+        let e = check(
+            &hmod,
+            Kind::Mod,
+            Some(key),
+            Some("untrusted comment: x\nRUQ=\n"),
+        )
+        .err()
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(e.contains("signature"), "{e}");
+        let e = check(&pack, Kind::Shader, None, None).err().unwrap();
+        assert!(e.contains("shader packs open"), "{e}");
+        assert!(check(&pack, Kind::Mod, None, None).is_err());
+    }
+}
@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@
 //! - `build [--debug]`: the `.hmod` in `target/horizon-mod/`.
 //! - `run [--game <horizon-client>] [-- <game args>]`: build, then play with
 //!   the mod; run `build` again and the game reloads it.
+//! - `check <file> [--json]`: what the registry checks of a submission
+//!   (`.hmod`, `.hpack`, resource pack `.zip`), with a trial run for a mod.
+//! - `registry build|review|check|list`: the registry repository's CI.
 use horizon_mods::{
    Manifest, Package,
    manifest::{MANIFEST, component_imports, componentize},
 };
+mod check;
+mod registry;
+
 use std::{
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    process::{Command, ExitCode, Stdio},
@@ -28,7 +34,9 @@ fn main() -> ExitCode {
            println!("Built {}", p.display());
        }),
        Some("run") => run(&args[1..]),
-        _ => Err("usage: cargo horizon-mod new <path> | build [--debug] | run [--game <horizon-client>] [-- <game args>]".into()),
+        Some("check") => check(&args[1..]),
+        Some("registry") => registry::main(&args[1..]),
+        _ => Err("usage: cargo horizon-mod new <path> | build [--debug] | run [--game <horizon-client>] [-- <game args>] | check <file> [--kind <kind>] [--key <public key> --signature <file.minisig>] [--json] | registry build|review|check|list".into()),
    };
    match result {
        Ok(()) => ExitCode::SUCCESS,
@@ -150,6 +158,37 @@ fn build(release: bool) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
    Ok(path)
 }

+/// `check <file>`: the registry's checks of a submission, printed; fails
+/// when one does.
+fn check(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let file = args
+        .first()
+        .filter(|a| !a.starts_with("--"))
+        .ok_or("cargo horizon-mod check <file>")?;
+    let path = Path::new(file);
+    let kind = match flag(args, "--kind") {
+        Some(k) => horizon_mods::index::Kind::from(k.to_string()),
+        None => check::kind_of(path)
+            .ok_or("pass --kind mod|modpack|resourcepack: the extension doesn't say")?,
+    };
+    let signature = flag(args, "--signature")
+        .map(|p| std::fs::read_to_string(p).map_err(|e| format!("{p}: {e}")))
+        .transpose()?;
+    let report = check::check(path, kind, flag(args, "--key"), signature.as_deref());
+    if args.iter().any(|a| a == "--json") {
+        let json = match &report {
+            Ok(r) => serde_json::json!({"ok": true, "report": r.json()}),
+            Err(e) => serde_json::json!({"ok": false, "error": e}),
+        };
+        println!("{json}");
+    }
+    let report = report?;
+    if !args.iter().any(|a| a == "--json") {
+        print!("{}", report.text());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
    let path = build(true)?;
    let game = flag(args, "--game")
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+//! `cargo horizon-mod registry build|review|check|list`: the registry repository's CI
+//! (`ludovic111/horizon-mods`, docs/api/mod-index.md). Network-free: the
+//! workflow downloads the files and publishes what this writes.
+use horizon_mods::index::{
+    FILE_HOST,
+    registry::{self, Sources},
+};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// Where the registry's site is published (its icons).
+const SITE: &str = "https://ludovic111.github.io/horizon-mods/";
+
+const USAGE: &str = "usage: cargo horizon-mod registry build <checkout> --files <dir> --out <index.json> [--release <url>] [--site <url>] [--generated <time>]
+       cargo horizon-mod registry review <base checkout> <head checkout> --author <login> [--json]
+       cargo horizon-mod registry check <base checkout> <head checkout> --files <dir>
+       cargo horizon-mod registry list <checkout>";
+
+fn flag<'a>(args: &'a [String], name: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    super::flag(args, name)
+}
+
+fn positional(args: &[String]) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let mut skip = false;
+    for a in args {
+        if skip {
+            skip = false;
+        } else if a == "--json" {
+        } else if a.starts_with("--") {
+            skip = true;
+        } else {
+            out.push(a.as_str());
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+fn lines(errors: Vec<String>) -> String {
+    format!("{} problem(s):\n  {}", errors.len(), errors.join("\n  "))
+}
+
+pub fn main(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let rest = args.get(1..).unwrap_or_default();
+    let pos = positional(rest);
+    match args.first().map(String::as_str) {
+        Some("build") => {
+            let [checkout] = pos[..] else {
+                return Err(USAGE.into());
+            };
+            let (files, out) = (flag(rest, "--files"), flag(rest, "--out"));
+            let (Some(files), Some(out)) = (files, out) else {
+                return Err(USAGE.into());
+            };
+            let generated = flag(rest, "--generated")
+                .map(str::to_owned)
+                .or_else(|| std::env::var("REGISTRY_GENERATED").ok())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let index = registry::build(&Sources {
+                registry: Path::new(checkout),
+                files: Path::new(files),
+                release: flag(rest, "--release").unwrap_or(FILE_HOST),
+                site: flag(rest, "--site").unwrap_or(SITE),
+                generated,
+            })
+            .map_err(lines)?;
+            let text = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&index).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            std::fs::write(out, text + "\n").map_err(|e| format!("{out}: {e}"))?;
+            println!(
+                "Wrote {out}: {} project(s), {} taken down",
+                index.projects.len(),
+                index.revoked.len()
+            );
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Some("review") => {
+            let [base, head] = pos[..] else {
+                return Err(USAGE.into());
+            };
+            let author = flag(rest, "--author").ok_or(USAGE)?;
+            let (base, _) = registry::load(Path::new(base)).map_err(lines)?;
+            let (head, _) = registry::load(Path::new(head)).map_err(lines)?;
+            let review = registry::review(&base, &head, author);
+            if rest.iter().any(|a| a == "--json") {
+                let json = serde_json::json!({"errors": review.errors, "notes": review.notes});
+                println!("{json}");
+            } else {
+                for n in &review.notes {
+                    println!("note: {n}");
+                }
+                for e in &review.errors {
+                    println!("error: {e}");
+                }
+            }
+            if review.errors.is_empty() {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(format!(
+                    "{} change(s) the registry refuses",
+                    review.errors.len()
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+        // `check` (and its trial run) on each file `head` lists and `base`
+        // doesn't: a pull request's new files.
+        Some("check") => {
+            let [base, head] = pos[..] else {
+                return Err(USAGE.into());
+            };
+            let files = Path::new(flag(rest, "--files").ok_or(USAGE)?);
+            let old: Vec<String> = match registry::load(Path::new(base)) {
+                Ok((entries, _)) => entries
+                    .iter()
+                    .flat_map(|e| e.versions.iter().map(|v| v.sha256.clone()))
+                    .collect(),
+                // The first pull request has no entries to compare with.
+                Err(_) => Vec::new(),
+            };
+            let (entries, _) = registry::load(Path::new(head)).map_err(lines)?;
+            let mut failed = 0;
+            for e in &entries {
+                for v in e.versions.iter().filter(|v| !old.contains(&v.sha256)) {
+                    println!("{} {} ({}):", e.id, v.version, v.file);
+                    let report = crate::check::check(
+                        &files.join(&v.sha256),
+                        e.kind.clone(),
+                        e.key.as_deref(),
+                        v.signature.as_deref(),
+                    );
+                    match report {
+                        Ok(r) => print!("{}", r.text()),
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            failed += 1;
+                            println!("  error: {err}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if failed == 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(format!("{failed} file(s) failed their check"))
+            }
+        }
+        // The files CI must download for `build`: `<sha256> <id> <version> <file>`.
+        Some("list") => {
+            let [checkout] = pos[..] else {
+                return Err(USAGE.into());
+            };
+            let (entries, _) = registry::load(Path::new(checkout)).map_err(lines)?;
+            for e in &entries {
+                for v in &e.versions {
+                    println!("{} {} {} {}", v.sha256, e.id, v.version, v.file);
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        _ => Err(USAGE.into()),
+    }
+}
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ use crate::json::{Result, error};
 use horizon_core::random::RandomSource;

 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-enum Choice {
-    Single(Variant),
+enum Choice<T> {
+    Single(T),
    Weighted {
-        variants: Vec<Variant>,
+        variants: Vec<T>,
        ends: Vec<i32>,
        total: i32,
    },
 }
-impl Choice {
+impl Choice<Variant> {
    fn new(value: &VariantSet) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            VariantSet::Single(value) => Ok(Self::Single(value.clone())),
@@ -41,7 +41,23 @@ impl Choice {
            }
        }
    }
-    fn select(&self, random: &mut impl RandomSource) -> &Variant {
+}
+impl<T> Choice<T> {
+    fn map<U>(&self, f: &mut impl FnMut(&T) -> U) -> Choice<U> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Single(value) => Choice::Single(f(value)),
+            Self::Weighted {
+                variants,
+                ends,
+                total,
+            } => Choice::Weighted {
+                variants: variants.iter().map(&mut *f).collect(),
+                ends: ends.clone(),
+                total: *total,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+    fn select(&self, random: &mut impl RandomSource) -> &T {
        match self {
            Self::Single(value) => value,
            Self::Weighted {
@@ -60,10 +76,11 @@ impl Choice {
 }
 /// Compile once per definition and share across its bound block states. Prefix
 /// sums avoid rebuilding weight totals or scanning all entries during selection.
+/// `map` swaps each variant for what it stands for (its baked model).
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct CompiledChoices {
-    variants: Vec<Choice>,
-    multipart: Vec<Choice>,
+pub struct CompiledChoices<T = Variant> {
+    variants: Vec<Choice<T>>,
+    multipart: Vec<Choice<T>>,
 }
 impl CompiledChoices {
    pub fn new(definition: &BlockStateDefinition) -> Result<Self> {
@@ -82,10 +99,19 @@ impl CompiledChoices {
                .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
        })
    }
+}
+impl<T> CompiledChoices<T> {
+    /// The same choices, with `f` of each variant in its place.
+    pub fn map<U>(&self, mut f: impl FnMut(&T) -> U) -> CompiledChoices<U> {
+        CompiledChoices {
+            variants: self.variants.iter().map(|c| c.map(&mut f)).collect(),
+            multipart: self.multipart.iter().map(|c| c.map(&mut f)).collect(),
+        }
+    }
    /// The variant `particleMaterial` comes from: the first entry of a weighted
    /// list (`WeightedVariants`) and, for a multipart root, of its first
    /// selector whether or not that selector applies (`MultiPartModel`).
-    pub fn particle_variant(&self, selected: &SelectedModels) -> Option<&Variant> {
+    pub fn particle_variant(&self, selected: &SelectedModels) -> Option<&T> {
        let choice = match selected {
            SelectedModels::Variant(index) => self.variants.get(*index)?,
            SelectedModels::Multipart(_) => self.multipart.first()?,
@@ -95,14 +121,23 @@ impl CompiledChoices {
            Choice::Weighted { variants, .. } => variants.first()?,
        })
    }
-    /// Append selected variants without allocating intermediate part lists. A
-    /// multipart root consumes nextLong even for an empty selected subset, then
-    /// resets the same random source to that seed before each selected part.
+    /// Append selected variants without allocating intermediate part lists.
    pub fn collect<'a>(
        &'a self,
        selected: &SelectedModels,
        random: &mut impl RandomSource,
-        output: &mut Vec<&'a Variant>,
+        output: &mut Vec<&'a T>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.for_each(selected, random, |v| output.push(v))
+    }
+    /// Each selected variant, in order. A multipart root consumes nextLong
+    /// even for an empty selected subset, then resets the same random source
+    /// to that seed before each selected part.
+    pub fn for_each<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        selected: &SelectedModels,
+        random: &mut impl RandomSource,
+        mut f: impl FnMut(&'a T),
    ) -> Result<()> {
        match selected {
            SelectedModels::Variant(index) => {
@@ -110,7 +145,7 @@ impl CompiledChoices {
                    .variants
                    .get(*index)
                    .ok_or_else(|| error("invalid variant selection"))?;
-                output.push(choice.select(random));
+                f(choice.select(random));
            }
            SelectedModels::Multipart(indices) => {
                if indices.iter().any(|index| *index >= self.multipart.len()) {
@@ -119,7 +154,7 @@ impl CompiledChoices {
                let seed = random.next_long();
                for index in indices {
                    random.set_seed(seed);
-                    output.push(self.multipart[*index].select(random));
+                    f(self.multipart[*index].select(random));
                }
            }
        }
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 //! The machine a report was measured on. CPU, RAM and OS are detected here; the GPU and the display
 //! come from the program that rendered (the game knows its adapter, the launcher its window).

-use std::process::Command;
-
+use horizon_telemetry::system::command_output as output;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -173,12 +172,6 @@ pub fn cpu_seconds(pid: u32) -> Option<f64> {
    Some(ticks / 100.0)
 }

-fn output(program: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Option<String> {
-    let out = Command::new(program).args(args).output().ok()?;
-    let text = String::from_utf8(out.stdout).ok()?.trim().to_owned();
-    (out.status.success() && !text.is_empty()).then_some(text)
-}
-
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 fn os_version() -> Option<String> {
    output("sw_vers", &["-productVersion"])
@@ -245,13 +245,19 @@ pub struct Report {
 impl Report {
    /// An empty report for this machine, created now.
    pub fn new(kind: Kind, app: App) -> Report {
+        Self::with_hardware(kind, app, Hardware::detect())
+    }
+
+    /// Starts a report using supplied hardware, without running system probes.
+    /// Interactive apps can collect the remaining machine details after their first frame.
+    pub fn with_hardware(kind: Kind, app: App, hardware: Hardware) -> Report {
        Report {
            format: FORMAT.to_owned(),
            version: VERSION,
            kind,
            created: utc_now(),
            app,
-            hardware: Hardware::detect(),
+            hardware,
            conditions: Conditions::default(),
            metrics: BTreeMap::new(),
            frames: Vec::new(),
@@ -27,15 +27,13 @@ bytemuck = { version = "1.24", features = ["derive"] }
 glam = "0.30"
 png = "0.18"
 sha2 = "0.10.9"
+# Server resource packs are checked and cached by their SHA-1, as vanilla does.
+sha1 = "0.10"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.151", features = ["raw_value"] }
-# Shader packs: pack.toml, and WGSL checked before it reaches wgpu.
-toml = "1.1"
 # hlsl-out: the gfx.rs tests translate every shader as wgpu's DirectX 12 backend does. A normal feature,
 # not a dev-dependency's, so builds, tests and examples share one build of naga, wgpu and this crate.
 naga = { version = "30.0.1", features = ["wgsl-in", "hlsl-out"] }
-# Java (OptiFine/Iris) shader packs, translated to WGSL.
-horizon-shaderpack = { path = "../horizon-shaderpack" }
 # Sound (ALSA on Linux); the `audio` feature.
 cpal = { version = "0.16", optional = true }
 symphonia = { version = "0.5", default-features = false, features = ["ogg", "vorbis"] }
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+//! What a column costs to load, on real terrain: generates and lights the
+//! columns around a point with the vanilla generator, as a world being explored
+//! does, then meshes every section of the inner columns on this one thread, so a
+//! change to generation or meshing shows as time per column and per section.
+//!
+//!     cargo run --release -p horizon-client --example chunk_load_bench -- \
+//!         .local/horizon-client/26.3 [--seed 1234] [--center CX CZ] [--radius 8]
+//!         [--threads N] [--rounds 3]
+//!
+//! The default centre is the village of `tools/perf_bench.py`. The generation
+//! figure is wall time with N workers (the game's own pool); the mesh figure is
+//! this thread's CPU time in `Mesher::mesh`, the best of `--rounds`, so other
+//! work on the machine changes it less. The checksum of the meshes shows that an
+//! A/B pair of builds made the same ones.
+use horizon_client::{
+    assets::Assets,
+    biome::Biomes,
+    blocks::BlockFacts,
+    chunk::HEIGHT,
+    light::LightTables,
+    mesher::{MeshTables, Mesher, Region, borrow},
+    models,
+    spans::thread_cpu,
+    streaming::{Streaming, WorkerContext},
+    vanillagen::VanillaTerrain,
+    world::World,
+};
+use horizon_core::biome::{BiomeZoom, obfuscate_seed};
+use horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId;
+use std::{
+    hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher},
+    path::PathBuf,
+    sync::Arc,
+    thread,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error>;
+
+fn flag<T: std::str::FromStr>(args: &[String], name: &str, default: T) -> T {
+    args.iter()
+        .position(|a| a == name)
+        .and_then(|i| args.get(i + 1)?.parse().ok())
+        .unwrap_or(default)
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
+    let root = PathBuf::from(args.get(1).ok_or("usage: chunk_load_bench <resources>")?);
+    let seed: i64 = flag(&args, "--seed", 1234);
+    let radius: i32 = flag(&args, "--radius", 8);
+    let rounds: usize = flag(&args, "--rounds", 3);
+    let threads: usize = flag(
+        &args,
+        "--threads",
+        thread::available_parallelism().map_or(2, |n| n.get()),
+    );
+    let center = args
+        .iter()
+        .position(|a| a == "--center")
+        .map(|i| -> Result<(i32, i32), Error> {
+            Ok((
+                args.get(i + 1).ok_or("--center CX CZ")?.parse()?,
+                args.get(i + 2).ok_or("--center CX CZ")?.parse()?,
+            ))
+        })
+        .transpose()?
+        .unwrap_or((-60, 10));
+
+    let assets = Arc::new(Assets::load(&root)?);
+    let render = Arc::new(assets.reload(&root)?);
+    let facts = BlockFacts::load(&root, assets.registry)?;
+    let visibility = models::load_visibility(&root, assets.registry)?;
+    let biomes = Arc::new(Biomes::load(&root)?);
+    let context = Arc::new(WorkerContext {
+        tables: Arc::new(MeshTables::new(&assets, &render, &facts, visibility)?),
+        light: Arc::new(LightTables::load(&root, assets.registry, &facts)?),
+        biomes: biomes.clone(),
+        assets: assets.clone(),
+        render,
+    });
+    let terrain = VanillaTerrain::new(&root.join("worldgen"), assets.registry, &biomes, seed)?;
+
+    // Generation and light, on the game's worker pool. Meshing is left out
+    // here and measured on its own below.
+    let mut streaming = Streaming::new(Arc::new(terrain), context.clone(), threads);
+    streaming.mesh = false;
+    streaming.center = center;
+    streaming.radius = radius;
+    let mut world = World::new(BlockStateId(0), 0);
+    let started = Instant::now();
+    let mut quiet = 0;
+    while quiet < 100 {
+        let before = world.chunks.len();
+        let _ = streaming.update(&mut world);
+        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2));
+        quiet = if streaming.pending() == 0 && before == world.chunks.len() {
+            quiet + 1
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+    }
+    let generated = started.elapsed() - Duration::from_millis(2 * 100);
+    let columns = world.chunks.len();
+    println!(
+        "generated and lit {columns} columns in {:.0} ms with {threads} workers ({:.2} ms per column)",
+        generated.as_secs_f64() * 1e3,
+        generated.as_secs_f64() * 1e3 / columns.max(1) as f64
+    );
+
+    // Meshing every section of the columns whose neighbours are all loaded.
+    let inner = radius - 1;
+    let regions: Vec<(Region, i32)> = (center.0 - inner..=center.0 + inner)
+        .flat_map(|x| (center.1 - inner..=center.1 + inner).map(move |z| (x, z)))
+        .filter_map(|(x, z)| {
+            let region: Region = std::array::from_fn(|dz| {
+                std::array::from_fn(|dx| {
+                    world
+                        .chunks
+                        .get(&(x + dx as i32 - 1, z + dz as i32 - 1))
+                        .cloned()
+                })
+            });
+            region
+                .iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .all(Option::is_some)
+                .then_some(region)
+        })
+        .flat_map(|region| (0..HEIGHT / 16).map(move |sy| (region.clone(), sy)))
+        .collect();
+    let mut best = Duration::MAX;
+    let (mut vertices, mut checksum) = (0, 0);
+    for _ in 0..rounds.max(1) {
+        let mut mesher = Mesher {
+            nether_shading: false,
+            zoom: BiomeZoom::new(obfuscate_seed(seed)),
+            blend_radius: 2,
+            smooth_lighting: true,
+            cutout_leaves: true,
+            assets: &context.assets,
+            render: &context.render,
+            tables: &context.tables,
+            biomes: &context.biomes,
+            visibility: context.tables.visibility.clone(),
+        };
+        vertices = 0;
+        let mut hash = DefaultHasher::new();
+        let mut spent = Duration::ZERO;
+        for (region, sy) in &regions {
+            let started = thread_cpu().ok_or("no thread CPU clock here")?;
+            let mesh = mesher.mesh(&borrow(region), *sy);
+            spent += thread_cpu().ok_or("no thread CPU clock here")? - started;
+            vertices += mesh.solid.len() + mesh.translucent.len();
+            bytemuck::cast_slice::<_, u8>(&mesh.solid).hash(&mut hash);
+            bytemuck::cast_slice::<_, u8>(&mesh.translucent).hash(&mut hash);
+        }
+        checksum = hash.finish();
+        best = best.min(spent);
+    }
+    println!(
+        "meshed {} sections ({vertices} vertices, checksum {checksum:016x}) in {:.1} ms of CPU ({:.1} us per section)",
+        regions.len(),
+        best.as_secs_f64() * 1e3,
+        best.as_secs_f64() * 1e6 / regions.len().max(1) as f64
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ mod sprint_probe;
 mod subtitle_fixture;
 mod tab_list_fixture;
 mod team_rules_fixture;
+mod text_display_fixture;
 mod toggle_keys_probe;
 mod tooltip_display_fixture;
 mod trading_fixture;
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ probes! {
    team_rules_fixture,
    toggle_keys_probe,
    tooltip_display_fixture,
+    text_display_fixture,
    trading_fixture,
    translucency_fixture,
    weather_fixture,
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //!
 //! usage: pack_screen_fixture RESOURCES CASES OUTPUT
 use horizon_client::{
-    hud::HudAtlas,
+    hud::{HudAtlas, PACK_ICON_SIZE},
    lang,
    pack_screen::{Compat, PackInfo, PackScreen, Source},
    packs::{self, Position},
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use horizon_client::{
    text::Text,
 };
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use std::{fmt::Write as _, fs, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{fmt::Write as _, fs, path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};

 /// Styled runs: [text, rgb or null, bold, italic, underlined, strikethrough, obfuscated].
 pub fn runs(t: &Text) -> Value {
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
                        Some("unknown") => Compat::Unknown,
                        _ => Compat::Compatible,
                    },
-                    icon: p["icon"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false),
+                    icon: p["icon"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false).then(|| {
+                        Arc::from(vec![0; (PACK_ICON_SIZE * PACK_ICON_SIZE * 4) as usize])
+                    }),
                    required: p["required"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false),
                    position: if p["position"] == "top" {
                        Position::Top
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn main() -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
            let mut extra = String::new();
            match kind {
                "give" => count = book.add_recipes(&index, &list()).0,
-                "take" => count = book.remove_recipes(&index, &list()),
+                "take" => count = book.remove_recipes(&index, &list()).len(),
                "seen" => book.remove_highlight(op["id"].as_str().unwrap_or_default()),
                "set" => {
                    let i = match op["type"].as_str().unwrap_or_default() {
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ fn scene(
        blend_radius,
        smooth_lighting,
        cutout_leaves,
-        cull_leaves: false,
    };
    let section_y = int(&row["section_y"])?;
    let started = Instant::now();
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use horizon_client::text_display::TextDisplayData;
+use horizon_protocol::{ids, packets::play::Clientbound};
+use std::{error::Error, io::Write};
+
+pub fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let args: Vec<String> = crate::args().collect();
+    let mut out = std::fs::File::create(&args[2])?;
+    for line in std::fs::read_to_string(&args[1])?.lines() {
+        let input: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+        let hex = input["wire"].as_str().unwrap();
+        let bytes: Vec<u8> = (0..hex.len())
+            .step_by(2)
+            .map(|i| u8::from_str_radix(&hex[i..i + 2], 16))
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+        let Clientbound::SetEntityData(packet) =
+            Clientbound::decode(ids::play::clientbound::SET_ENTITY_DATA, &bytes)?
+        else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        let mut display = TextDisplayData::default();
+        display.apply(&packet.values);
+        if let Some(angles) = input["angles"].as_array() {
+            let a: Vec<_> = angles.iter().map(|v| v.as_f64().unwrap() as f32).collect();
+            writeln!(
+                out,
+                "{}",
+                serde_json::to_string(&display.matrix([a[0], a[1]], [a[2], a[3]]).to_cols_array())?
+            )?;
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut state = serde_json::to_value(&display)?;
+        state["text"] = display.text.plain().into();
+        state["alignment"] = format!("{:?}", display.align()).to_uppercase().into();
+        writeln!(out, "{}", state)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@ pub struct Audio {
    /// How many times each positional sound played (the control socket's `status`),
    /// with or without an audio device.
    pub heard: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, u32>,
+    /// How many times each selection was stopped ("record *", "* minecraft:…", `*` for
+    /// any), with or without an audio device, as `heard`.
+    pub stopped: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, u32>,
 }
 fn decode(path: &Path) -> Option<(Vec<f32>, u32)> {
    use symphonia::core::{
@@ -595,6 +598,7 @@ impl Audio {
            source_override: None,
            capture: None,
            heard: Default::default(),
+            stopped: Default::default(),
        }
    }
    #[cfg(not(feature = "audio"))]
@@ -825,6 +829,14 @@ impl Audio {
    /// and/or a source.
    pub fn stop_sounds(&mut self, event: Option<&str>, source: Option<usize>) {
        let event = event.map(crate::sound_events::normalize);
+        let selection = format!(
+            "{} {}",
+            source
+                .and_then(|s| crate::settings::SOUND_SOURCES.get(s))
+                .map_or("*", |s| s),
+            event.as_deref().unwrap_or("*")
+        );
+        *self.stopped.entry(selection).or_default() += 1;
        self.engine
            .stop_matching(event.as_deref(), source, &mut self.backend);
    }
@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ const PAGES: Ty = Ty::Enum(&[
    "graphics-advanced",
    "extras",
    "horizon",
-    "shader-packs",
    "agent",
 ]);

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+//! `BossHealthOverlay` and `LerpingBossEvent`: the boss bars a client is
+//! showing, in the order their add packets arrived.
+use crate::{
+    hud_overlays::BossBar,
+    scoreboard::{comp_text, tag_to_json},
+    text::Text,
+};
+use horizon_protocol::packets::play::{BossAction, BossEvent};
+
+/// `LerpingBossEvent.LERP_MILLISECONDS`.
+const LERP_MS: u128 = 100;
+
+/// `Util.getMillis`.
+pub fn now_millis() -> u128 {
+    std::time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .map(|d| d.as_millis())
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+}
+
+/// One `LerpingBossEvent`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct Event {
+    id: u128,
+    name: Text,
+    /// The progress the lerp started from (`progress`).
+    progress: f32,
+    /// `targetPercent`.
+    target: f32,
+    /// `setTime`.
+    set_at: u128,
+    color: u8,
+    overlay: u8,
+    darken: bool,
+    music: bool,
+    fog: bool,
+}
+impl Event {
+    /// `LerpingBossEvent.getProgress`.
+    fn displayed(&self, now: u128) -> f32 {
+        let t = ((now.saturating_sub(self.set_at)) as f32 / LERP_MS as f32).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+        self.progress + (self.target - self.progress) * t
+    }
+    /// `LerpingBossEvent.setProgress`: the bar starts the next lerp from
+    /// whatever it is showing now.
+    fn set_progress(&mut self, progress: f32, now: u128) {
+        self.progress = self.displayed(now);
+        self.target = progress;
+        self.set_at = now;
+    }
+}
+
+/// `BossHealthOverlay`: the events, plus `GameRenderer`'s world darkening.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct BossOverlay {
+    events: Vec<Event>,
+    /// `bossOverlayWorldDarkening` and the previous tick's value.
+    darken: f32,
+    darken_o: f32,
+}
+impl BossOverlay {
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        *self = Self::default();
+    }
+    /// `ClientboundBossEventPacket.dispatch` into `BossHealthOverlay`'s
+    /// handler. An id already shown keeps its place when added again.
+    pub fn apply(&mut self, packet: &BossEvent, now: u128) {
+        // An ordinal past the enum shows as its last value.
+        let color = |c: i32| c.clamp(0, 6) as u8;
+        let overlay = |o: i32| o.clamp(0, 4) as u8;
+        let id = packet.id;
+        if let BossAction::Add {
+            name,
+            progress,
+            color: c,
+            overlay: o,
+            darken,
+            music,
+            fog,
+        } = &packet.action
+        {
+            let event = Event {
+                id,
+                name: comp_text(&tag_to_json(name)),
+                progress: *progress,
+                target: *progress,
+                set_at: now,
+                color: color(*c),
+                overlay: overlay(*o),
+                darken: *darken,
+                music: *music,
+                fog: *fog,
+            };
+            match self.events.iter_mut().find(|e| e.id == id) {
+                Some(slot) => *slot = event,
+                None => self.events.push(event),
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if let BossAction::Remove = packet.action {
+            self.events.retain(|e| e.id != id);
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(e) = self.events.iter_mut().find(|e| e.id == id) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        match &packet.action {
+            BossAction::UpdateProgress { progress } => e.set_progress(*progress, now),
+            BossAction::UpdateName { name } => e.name = comp_text(&tag_to_json(name)),
+            BossAction::UpdateStyle {
+                color: c,
+                overlay: o,
+            } => {
+                e.color = color(*c);
+                e.overlay = overlay(*o);
+            }
+            BossAction::UpdateProperties { darken, music, fog } => {
+                (e.darken, e.music, e.fog) = (*darken, *music, *fog);
+            }
+            BossAction::Add { .. } | BossAction::Remove => {}
+        }
+    }
+    /// `GameRenderer.tick` while the level runs.
+    pub fn tick_darken(&mut self, running: bool) {
+        if !running {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.darken_o = self.darken;
+        if self.should_darken() {
+            self.darken = (self.darken + 0.05).min(1.0);
+        } else if self.darken > 0.0 {
+            self.darken = (self.darken - 0.0125).max(0.0);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `GameRenderer.bossOverlayWorldDarkening`.
+    pub fn darken_amount(&self, partial: f32) -> f32 {
+        let t = partial.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+        self.darken_o + (self.darken - self.darken_o) * t
+    }
+    pub fn should_darken(&self) -> bool {
+        self.events.iter().any(|e| e.darken)
+    }
+    pub fn should_play_music(&self) -> bool {
+        self.events.iter().any(|e| e.music)
+    }
+    pub fn should_create_world_fog(&self) -> bool {
+        self.events.iter().any(|e| e.fog)
+    }
+    /// The bars `extractRenderState` walks, with the lerped progress.
+    pub fn bars(&self, now: u128) -> Vec<BossBar> {
+        self.events
+            .iter()
+            .map(|e| BossBar {
+                name: e.name.clone(),
+                progress: e.displayed(now),
+                color: e.color as usize,
+                overlay: e.overlay as usize,
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use horizon_world::nbt::Tag;
+
+    fn add(id: u128, name: &str, progress: f32, darken: bool, fog: bool) -> BossEvent {
+        BossEvent {
+            id,
+            action: BossAction::Add {
+                name: Tag::String(name.into()),
+                progress,
+                color: 5,
+                overlay: 0,
+                darken,
+                music: false,
+                fog,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+    fn progress(id: u128, progress: f32) -> BossEvent {
+        BossEvent {
+            id,
+            action: BossAction::UpdateProgress { progress },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn progress_lerps_over_a_tenth_of_a_second() {
+        let mut overlay = BossOverlay::default();
+        overlay.apply(&add(1, "W", 0.0, true, false), 0);
+        overlay.apply(&progress(1, 1.0), 0);
+        assert!((overlay.bars(50)[0].progress - 0.5).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        assert!((overlay.bars(100)[0].progress - 1.0).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        // A new target starts from the value on screen.
+        overlay.apply(&progress(1, 0.0), 50);
+        assert!((overlay.bars(150)[0].progress - 0.0).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn darken_ramps_and_fades() {
+        let mut overlay = BossOverlay::default();
+        overlay.apply(&add(1, "W", 1.0, true, false), 0);
+        overlay.tick_darken(true);
+        assert!((overlay.darken_amount(1.0) - 0.05).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        overlay.apply(
+            &BossEvent {
+                id: 1,
+                action: BossAction::Remove,
+            },
+            0,
+        );
+        overlay.tick_darken(true);
+        assert!((overlay.darken - 0.0375).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        assert!(!overlay.should_play_music());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bars_keep_arrival_order() {
+        let mut overlay = BossOverlay::default();
+        overlay.apply(&add(2, "b", 1.0, false, true), 0);
+        overlay.apply(&add(1, "a", 1.0, false, false), 0);
+        overlay.apply(&add(2, "c", 0.5, false, true), 0);
+        // An update for a bar this client never got is ignored.
+        overlay.apply(&progress(9, 0.5), 0);
+        let names: Vec<_> = overlay
+            .bars(0)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|b| b.name.plain())
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["c", "a"]);
+        assert!(overlay.should_create_world_fog());
+        overlay.apply(
+            &BossEvent {
+                id: 2,
+                action: BossAction::Remove,
+            },
+            0,
+        );
+        assert!(!overlay.should_create_world_fog());
+    }
+}
@@ -14,40 +14,64 @@ pub const STYLES: [&str; 5] = [
    "notched_12",
    "notched_20",
 ];
-/// `BossBarColor.getFormatting`.
+/// `BossBarColor.getFormatting`. Purple is dark blue in 26.3.
 pub fn color_rgb(color: &str) -> u32 {
    let name = match color {
        "pink" => "red",
        "red" => "dark_red",
-        "purple" => "dark_purple",
+        "purple" => "dark_blue",
        other => other,
    };
    text::named_color(name).unwrap_or(text::WHITE)
 }

+/// A version-4 shaped id from a resource id. Saved boss events do not keep
+/// their UUID (`CustomBossEvents` mints a new one on load).
+pub fn stable_uuid(id: &str) -> u128 {
+    let mut h = 0xcbf29ce484222325u64;
+    for b in id.as_bytes() {
+        h ^= u64::from(*b);
+        h = h.wrapping_mul(0x100000001b3);
+    }
+    let most = (h as i64) & -61441 | 16384;
+    let least = (h.rotate_left(17) as i64) & 4_611_686_018_427_387_903 | i64::MIN;
+    ((most as u64 as u128) << 64) | (least as u64 as u128)
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct BossBar {
    pub id: String,
+    /// The `ServerBossEvent` UUID. Not saved.
+    pub uuid: u128,
    pub name: Comp,
    pub color: String,
    pub style: String,
    pub value: i32,
    pub max: i32,
+    /// `ServerBossEvent.visible`. A new bar is visible; nobody sees it until
+    /// a player is added.
    pub visible: bool,
-    /// Whether the (single) local player is in the bar's player set.
-    pub player: bool,
+    pub darken: bool,
+    pub music: bool,
+    pub fog: bool,
+    /// `CustomBossEvent.players`, the UUIDs told about the bar.
+    pub players: Vec<[i32; 4]>,
 }
 impl BossBar {
    pub fn new(id: &str, name: Comp) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: id.to_owned(),
+            uuid: stable_uuid(id),
            name,
            color: "white".into(),
            style: "progress".into(),
            value: 0,
            max: 100,
            visible: true,
-            player: false,
+            darken: false,
+            music: false,
+            fog: false,
+            players: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
    /// `CustomBossEvent.getDisplayName`.
@@ -91,31 +115,34 @@ impl BossBars {
    pub fn ids(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.bars.iter().map(|b| b.id.clone()).collect()
    }
-    /// The saved compound; the player's UUID stands for "the local player".
-    pub fn pack(&self, player: Option<[i32; 4]>) -> Tag {
+    /// The saved compound (`CustomBossEvent.Packed`).
+    pub fn pack(&self) -> Tag {
        let mut c = Compound::new();
        for b in &self.bars {
-            let mut e = vec![
-                ("Name", json_to_tag(&b.name)),
-                ("Visible", Tag::Byte(i8::from(b.visible))),
-                ("Value", Tag::Int(b.value)),
-                ("Max", Tag::Int(b.max)),
-                ("Color", Tag::String(b.color.as_str().into())),
-                ("Overlay", Tag::String(b.style.as_str().into())),
-                ("DarkenScreen", Tag::Byte(0)),
-                ("PlayBossMusic", Tag::Byte(0)),
-                ("CreateWorldFog", Tag::Byte(0)),
-            ];
-            let players = match (b.player, player) {
-                (true, Some(u)) => vec![Tag::IntArray(u.to_vec())],
-                _ => Vec::new(),
-            };
-            e.push(("Players", Tag::List(players)));
-            c.insert(b.id.as_str().into(), Tag::compound(e));
+            let players = b
+                .players
+                .iter()
+                .map(|u| Tag::IntArray(u.to_vec()))
+                .collect();
+            c.insert(
+                b.id.as_str().into(),
+                Tag::compound([
+                    ("Name", json_to_tag(&b.name)),
+                    ("Visible", Tag::Byte(i8::from(b.visible))),
+                    ("Value", Tag::Int(b.value)),
+                    ("Max", Tag::Int(b.max)),
+                    ("Color", Tag::String(b.color.as_str().into())),
+                    ("Overlay", Tag::String(b.style.as_str().into())),
+                    ("DarkenScreen", Tag::Byte(i8::from(b.darken))),
+                    ("PlayBossMusic", Tag::Byte(i8::from(b.music))),
+                    ("CreateWorldFog", Tag::Byte(i8::from(b.fog))),
+                    ("Players", Tag::List(players)),
+                ]),
+            );
        }
        Tag::Compound(c)
    }
-    pub fn unpack(data: &Tag, player: Option<[i32; 4]>) -> Self {
+    pub fn unpack(data: &Tag) -> Self {
        let mut bars = Vec::new();
        if let Tag::Compound(c) = data {
            for (id, e) in c {
@@ -130,21 +157,30 @@ impl BossBars {
                    Some(Tag::Byte(v)) => i32::from(*v),
                    _ => d,
                };
-                let in_players = match (get("Players"), player) {
-                    (Some(Tag::List(l)), Some(u)) => l
+                let players = match get("Players") {
+                    Some(Tag::List(l)) => l
                        .iter()
-                        .any(|t| matches!(t, Tag::IntArray(a) if a.as_slice() == u)),
-                    _ => false,
+                        .filter_map(|t| match t {
+                            Tag::IntArray(a) if a.len() == 4 => Some([a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]]),
+                            _ => None,
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                    _ => Vec::new(),
                };
+                let id = id.to_string_lossy();
                bars.push(BossBar {
-                    id: id.to_string_lossy(),
+                    uuid: stable_uuid(&id),
+                    id,
                    name: get("Name").map_or_else(|| literal(""), tag_to_json),
                    color: text("Color", "white"),
                    style: text("Overlay", "progress"),
                    value: num("Value", 0),
                    max: num("Max", 100),
                    visible: num("Visible", 0) != 0,
-                    player: in_players,
+                    darken: num("DarkenScreen", 0) != 0,
+                    music: num("PlayBossMusic", 0) != 0,
+                    fog: num("CreateWorldFog", 0) != 0,
+                    players,
                });
            }
        }
@@ -167,17 +203,15 @@ mod tests {
        bar.value = 25;
        bar.max = 50;
        bar.visible = true;
-        bar.player = true;
-        let uuid = Some([1, 2, 3, 4]);
-        let back = BossBars::unpack(&b.pack(uuid), uuid);
+        bar.darken = true;
+        bar.players = vec![[1, 2, 3, 4]];
+        let back = BossBars::unpack(&b.pack());
        assert_eq!(back, b);
-        // Another player's UUID does not include the local player.
-        assert!(!BossBars::unpack(&b.pack(uuid), Some([9, 9, 9, 9])).bars[0].player);
        let bar = b.get("test:x").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(bar.progress(), 0.5);
        assert_eq!(bar.display_name().plain(), "chat.square_brackets");
        assert_eq!(color_rgb("pink"), text::RED);
-        assert_eq!(color_rgb("purple"), 0xAA00AA);
+        assert_eq!(color_rgb("purple"), text::named_color("dark_blue").unwrap());
        b.remove("test:x");
        assert!(b.bars.is_empty());
    }
@@ -133,6 +133,30 @@ impl<W: EntityMovementWorld<Error = io::Error>> EntityMovementWorld for EntityCo
        border.collision_shape().map(Some).map_err(io::Error::other)
    }
 }
+impl EntityCollisions<'_, SceneCollisions<'_, '_>> {
+    /// `SceneCollisions::resolve` that also stops at the entity boxes.
+    pub fn resolve(
+        &mut self,
+        bounds: Aabb,
+        movement: Vec3,
+        max_step: f32,
+        on_ground: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Vec3> {
+        let context = self.blocks.context(bounds);
+        Ok(resolve_world_movement(
+            self,
+            MovementRequest {
+                entity: EntityIdentity(0),
+                context,
+                bounds,
+                movement,
+                max_step,
+                on_ground,
+                candidate_budget: 1_000_000,
+            },
+        )?)
+    }
+}
 impl SceneCollisions<'_, '_> {
    /// Position contexts permit geometric movement probes without inventing a
    /// player, inventory, effects or fluid-standing behavior; a lava walker
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl CommandStorage {
                .iter()
                .map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str().into(), v.clone()))
                .collect();
-            let _ = save::write_dat(
+            if let Err(e) = save::write_dat(
                &file(root, namespace),
                Tag::compound([
                    (
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ impl CommandStorage {
                    ),
                    ("DataVersion", Tag::Int(horizon_world::DATA_VERSION)),
                ]),
-            );
+            ) {
+                log::warn!("command storage {namespace} was not written: {e}");
+            }
        }
    }
    /// `get`: an empty compound when unset.
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//! `ConfirmScreen`: a title, a message wrapped to `width - 50` (15 lines at
+//! most) and two 150-wide buttons 4 apart and 16 below it, the whole column
+//! centred; Escape answers no.
+use crate::{
+    font::Font,
+    hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
+    text::Text,
+    ui,
+};
+
+pub struct Confirm {
+    /// Each line and where it is drawn.
+    pub lines: Vec<(Text, f32, f32)>,
+    /// The yes and no buttons' corners.
+    pub buttons: [(f32, f32); 2],
+}
+impl Confirm {
+    pub fn new(font: &Font, (w, h): (f32, f32), title: &Text, message: &Text) -> Self {
+        let message: Vec<Text> = font
+            .split_lines(message, w - 50.0)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(line, _)| line)
+            .take(15)
+            .collect();
+        let tw = font.width_text(title);
+        let mw = message
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| font.width_text(l))
+            .fold(0.0, f32::max);
+        let mh = 9.0 * message.len() as f32;
+        let col = tw.max(mw).max(304.0);
+        let total = 9.0 + 8.0 + mh + 8.0 + 36.0;
+        let (lx, ly) = (((w - col) / 2.0).trunc(), ((h - total) / 2.0).trunc());
+        let cell = |cw: f32| lx + ((col - cw) / 2.0).trunc();
+        let mid = cell(mw) + (mw / 2.0).trunc();
+        let mut lines = vec![(title.clone(), cell(tw), ly)];
+        for (i, line) in message.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let x = mid - (font.width_text(&line) / 2.0).trunc();
+            lines.push((line, x, ly + 17.0 + 9.0 * i as f32));
+        }
+        let (bx, by) = (cell(304.0), ly + 9.0 + 8.0 + mh + 8.0 + 16.0);
+        Self {
+            lines,
+            buttons: [(bx, by), (bx + 154.0, by)],
+        }
+    }
+    /// The answer a click at `cursor` gives: true for yes, false for no.
+    pub fn answer_at(&self, cursor: (f32, f32)) -> Option<bool> {
+        let [yes, no] = self.buttons;
+        let on = |(x, y): (f32, f32)| ui::hovered(cursor, x, y, 150.0, 20.0);
+        if on(yes) {
+            Some(true)
+        } else if on(no) {
+            Some(false)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+    /// The lines and the buttons (yes first), over whatever is behind.
+    pub fn draw(
+        &self,
+        batch: &mut HudBatch,
+        atlas: &HudAtlas,
+        cursor: (f32, f32),
+        labels: [&Text; 2],
+    ) {
+        for (line, x, y) in &self.lines {
+            batch.text_styled(atlas, line, *x, *y, u32::MAX, true);
+        }
+        for ((bx, by), label) in self.buttons.into_iter().zip(labels) {
+            let hover = ui::hovered(cursor, bx, by, 150.0, 20.0);
+            ui::button(batch, atlas, bx, by, 150.0, 20.0, label, true, hover);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ impl Providers {
        );
        Self { ints, floats }
    }
-    fn eval(&self, v: &Value, fast: bool, table: &HashMap<String, Value>, depth: u32) -> f64 {
+    fn eval(v: &Value, fast: bool, table: &HashMap<String, Value>, depth: u32) -> f64 {
        if depth > 16 {
            return 0.0;
        }
@@ -390,10 +390,10 @@ impl Providers {
            Value::Number(n) => n.as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0),
            Value::String(name) => table
                .get(name)
-                .map_or(0.0, |v| self.eval(v, fast, table, depth + 1)),
+                .map_or(0.0, |v| Self::eval(v, fast, table, depth + 1)),
            Value::Object(o) => {
                let f =
-                    |k: &str| self.eval(o.get(k).unwrap_or(&Value::Null), fast, table, depth + 1);
+                    |k: &str| Self::eval(o.get(k).unwrap_or(&Value::Null), fast, table, depth + 1);
                match o.get("type").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("") {
                    "minecraft:div" => {
                        let r = f("right");
@@ -425,14 +425,14 @@ impl Providers {
    }
    /// A plain `context_int_provider` value or reference (no context conditions).
    pub fn int_value(&self, v: &Value) -> i32 {
-        self.eval(v, false, &self.ints, 0) as i32
+        Self::eval(v, false, &self.ints, 0) as i32
    }
    /// A plain `context_float_provider` value or reference; `default` when absent.
    pub fn float_value(&self, v: &Value, default: f32) -> f32 {
        if v.is_null() {
            default
        } else {
-            self.eval(v, false, &self.floats, 0) as f32
+            Self::eval(v, false, &self.floats, 0) as f32
        }
    }
    #[cfg(test)]
@@ -446,14 +446,14 @@ impl Providers {
        items
            .get(&stack.item)
            .and_then(|i| i.fuel.as_ref())
-            .map_or(0, |(time, _)| self.eval(time, fast, &self.ints, 0) as i32)
+            .map_or(0, |(time, _)| Self::eval(time, fast, &self.ints, 0) as i32)
    }
    pub fn speed(&self, items: &Items, stack: &ItemStack, fast: bool) -> f32 {
        items
            .get(&stack.item)
            .and_then(|i| i.fuel.as_ref())
            .map_or(1.0, |(_, speed)| {
-                self.eval(speed, fast, &self.floats, 0) as f32
+                Self::eval(speed, fast, &self.floats, 0) as f32
            })
    }
 }
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ pub struct FogInputs<'a> {
    pub blindness: Option<(i32, bool)>,
    /// The darkness effect's blend factor, while the effect is on.
    pub darkness: Option<f32>,
+    /// `GameRenderer.bossOverlayWorldDarkening`: a wither's bar dims the fog.
+    pub darken_world: f32,
    /// `BossHealthOverlay.shouldCreateWorldFog`: a boss bar with
    /// `createWorldFog` is shown (the Ender Dragon's).
    pub boss_world_fog: bool,
@@ -263,6 +265,13 @@ pub fn setup_fog(tables: &FogTables, state: &FogState, input: &FogInputs) -> Fog
        let brightness = (1.0 - darkness) * (1.0 - darkness);
        color = color.map(|c| c * brightness);
    }
+    // FogRenderer.computeFogColor: a boss bar's world darkening.
+    if input.darken_world > 0.0 {
+        let t = input.darken_world;
+        color[0] += (color[0] * 0.7 - color[0]) * t;
+        color[1] += (color[1] * 0.6 - color[1]) * t;
+        color[2] += (color[2] * 0.6 - color[2]) * t;
+    }
    let brighten = if eye_in_water { water_vision } else { 0.0 };
    if color.iter().all(|&c| c != 0.0) {
        let scale = 1.0 / color[0].max(color[1]).max(color[2]);
@@ -394,6 +403,7 @@ mod tests {
            skybox: true,
            blindness: None,
            darkness: None,
+            darken_world: 0.0,
            boss_world_fog: false,
        }
    }
@@ -422,6 +432,25 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(water.environmental_start, -8.0);
    }
    #[test]
+    fn boss_darkening_dims_fog_color() {
+        // FogRenderer.computeFogColor: lerp toward 70/60/60% of each channel.
+        let sky = Sky {
+            fog_color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+            sky_color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+            ..Sky::default()
+        };
+        let tables = FogTables {
+            water_fog_end: vec![1.0],
+        };
+        let mut input = inputs(&sky);
+        input.skybox = false;
+        input.darken_world = 1.0;
+        let fog = setup_fog(&tables, &FogState::default(), &input);
+        assert!((fog.color[0] - 0.7).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        assert!((fog.color[1] - 0.6).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+        assert!((fog.color[2] - 0.6).abs() < 1.0e-5);
+    }
+    #[test]
    fn void_darkness_starts_32_above_the_floor() {
        let sky = Sky {
            fog_end: 1024.0,
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ mod block_entity_anims;
 mod block_entity_ticks;
 mod block_items;
 mod blockctl;
+mod boat_passengers;
 mod boats;
 mod books;
 mod bossbars;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ mod enchant_effects;
 mod end;
 mod entity_culling;
 mod events;
+mod execution_role;
 mod explosion;
 mod extras;
 mod falling_damage;
@@ -137,8 +139,8 @@ mod scoreboard;
 mod screens;
 mod sculk;
 mod sculk_fixture;
+mod server_packs;
 mod server_travel;
-mod shader_packs;
 mod shield;
 mod sign_edit;
 mod sniffers;
@@ -153,6 +155,7 @@ mod storage;
 mod structures;
 mod subtitle_hud;
 mod sulfur_cubes;
+mod text_displays;
 mod titles;
 mod tnt;
 mod totem;
@@ -289,8 +292,8 @@ struct Options {
    /// as vanilla's does: the default. `--in-frame` (or `--no-server-thread`,
    /// or `HORIZON_SERVER_THREAD=0`) runs the world in the frame instead.
    server_thread: bool,
-    /// Set on the integrated server's own options: it draws nothing, so it skips meshing.
-    integrated: bool,
+    /// What this Game executes; independent of its current server connection.
+    execution_role: execution_role::ExecutionRole,
 }
 impl Options {
    /// The name to join servers with: the one given, else the offline name kept
@@ -347,7 +350,7 @@ impl Options {
            // itself, without the event loop: it stays in the frame.
            server_thread: std::env::var("HORIZON_SERVER_THREAD").map_or(true, |v| v != "0")
                && std::env::var_os("HORIZON_COMMAND_SCRIPT").is_none(),
-            integrated: false,
+            execution_role: execution_role::ExecutionRole::Client,
        };
        let mut session_file = std::env::var("HORIZON_SESSION_FILE").ok();
        let mut args = std::env::args().skip(1);
@@ -361,6 +364,7 @@ impl Options {
                    return Ok(None);
                }
                "--dedicated" => {
+                    o.execution_role = execution_role::ExecutionRole::DedicatedServer;
                    o.dedicated = Some(args.by_ref().collect());
                    break;
                }
@@ -1127,6 +1131,8 @@ struct Game<'a> {
    pending_entry: Option<PendingWorldEntry>,
    world_loader: Option<world_loading::WorldLoader>,
    pending_pack_reload: bool,
+    /// A server's resource packs (game/server_packs.rs).
+    server_packs: server_packs::ServerPackState,
    world_renderer_ready: bool,
    collision: &'a BlockCollisionRegistry<'a>,
    motion: &'a MotionResources,
@@ -1199,8 +1205,6 @@ struct Game<'a> {
    modifiers: winit::keyboard::ModifiersState,
    /// The window's fullscreen request and reported state.
    fullscreen: horizon_client::window::FullscreenState,
-    /// The selected Horizon shader pack (`game/shader_packs.rs`).
-    shader_packs: shader_packs::ShaderPacks,
    /// MouseHandler's accumulated look and wheel state.
    mouse: MouseLook,
    /// An agent moved the mouse (`mouse-move`) since the pointer was last
@@ -1421,6 +1425,8 @@ struct Game<'a> {
    dragon_model: Option<horizon_client::mobs::Part>,
    /// Map textures waiting for the next HUD batch to upload them.
    map_patches: Vec<horizon_client::font::Patch>,
+    text_displays: std::collections::HashMap<i32, text_displays::RemoteTextDisplay>,
+    text_display_vertices: usize,
    /// Player skin downloads, and which skin each atlas skin slot holds
    /// (least recently shown first).
    skin_downloads: RefCell<horizon_client::skins::Downloader>,
@@ -1565,6 +1571,8 @@ struct Game<'a> {
    score: scoreboard::ScoreState,
    fns: functions::FnState,
    bosses: bossbars::BossState,
+    /// `Hud.bossOverlay`: the bars this window is showing.
+    boss_overlay: horizon_client::boss_overlay::BossOverlay,
    exec: commands::execute::ExecState,
    rand_sequences: horizon_client::random_sequences::RandomSequences,
    border: horizon_client::worldborder::WorldBorder,
@@ -1741,10 +1749,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            let state = self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
            let f = self.res.facts().get(state);
            if !self.res.facts().is_air(state)
-                && !(f.fluid != Fluid::None
-                    && !f.waterlogged
-                    && &*f.name != "minecraft:kelp"
-                    && f.render_shape != horizon_client::blocks::RenderShape::Model)
+                && (f.fluid == Fluid::None
+                    || f.waterlogged
+                    || &*f.name == "minecraft:kelp"
+                    || f.render_shape == horizon_client::blocks::RenderShape::Model)
                && !matches!(
                    &*f.name,
                    "minecraft:water" | "minecraft:lava" | "minecraft:bubble_column"
@@ -3510,7 +3518,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return Ok(true);
        }
        // Block foods attempt placement before starting consumption.
-        if !on_block && !(info.block.is_some() && block_hit.is_some()) && self.start_eating(&info) {
+        if !on_block && (info.block.is_none() || block_hit.is_none()) && self.start_eating(&info) {
            return Ok(true);
        }
        // BoatItem.use also performs its own fluid/block raycast.
@@ -4045,6 +4053,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.capture_loaded_world();
        Ok(())
    }
+    /// Landing rules (farmland trampling, turtle eggs) wrote or removed the block
+    /// raw: finish `Level.setBlock`'s neighbour updates, so a crop on trampled
+    /// farmland breaks. The local player's and every server player's landings.
+    fn landing_block_updates(&mut self, event: &horizon_client::landing::FallEvent) {
+        use horizon_client::landing::FallEvent;
+        let (position, flags) = match *event {
+            FallEvent::Write {
+                position, flags, ..
+            } => (position, flags as i32),
+            FallEvent::Destroy { position, .. } => (position, level_flags::UPDATE_ALL),
+            _ => return,
+        };
+        self.with_level(|b, level, ticks| b.notify_written(level, ticks, position, flags));
+    }
    fn tick(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.tick_debug_keys()?;
        self.tick_debug_charts();
@@ -4063,6 +4085,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.track_experience_display();
        // `/tick freeze` stops the world but not the player.
        let running = self.clock.world_runs();
+        // GameRenderer.tick: a wither's bar darkens the world, then fades.
+        self.boss_overlay.tick_darken(running);
        if running {
            self.world.game_time += 1;
            if self.ui.rules.bool("advance_weather") {
@@ -4102,7 +4126,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.tick_riding(keys)?;
        }
        let riding = self.riding.is_some();
-        let ghast_collisions = self.happy_ghast_player_collisions();
+        let entity_collisions = self.player_entity_collisions();
        let spin_targets = self.spin_targets();
        self.sync_player_body();
        let Some(player) = self.player.as_mut() else {
@@ -4149,7 +4173,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        );
        if !riding {
            MotionWorld {
-                entities: &ghast_collisions,
+                entities: &entity_collisions,
                player,
                scene: &mut self.world,
                assets: &self.pack.assets,
@@ -4259,23 +4283,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    };
                    self.audio.play(name, Some(feet), volume, pitch);
                }
-                MotionEvent::Fall(horizon_client::landing::FallEvent::Write {
-                    position,
-                    flags,
-                    ..
-                }) => {
-                    // Landing rules (farmland trampling, turtle eggs) wrote the block raw.
-                    self.with_level(|b, level, ticks| {
-                        b.notify_written(level, ticks, position, flags as i32)
-                    });
-                }
-                MotionEvent::Fall(horizon_client::landing::FallEvent::Destroy {
-                    position, ..
-                }) => {
-                    self.with_level(|b, level, ticks| {
-                        b.notify_written(level, ticks, position, level_flags::UPDATE_ALL)
-                    });
-                }
+                MotionEvent::Fall(event) => self.landing_block_updates(&event),
                MotionEvent::Snowflake { position, velocity } => self.snowflake(position, velocity),
                MotionEvent::EnterBlock { state } => self.trigger_enter_block(state),
                MotionEvent::InsidePortal { pos } => self.player_inside_nether_portal(pos),
@@ -4413,7 +4421,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.resolve_arrivals();
            });
        }
-        horizon_client::spans::time("tick_lan", || self.tick_lan());
+        horizon_client::spans::time("tick_lan", || self.tick_lan(false));
        self.tick_friends();
        horizon_client::spans::time("tick_hand", || self.tick_hand());
        horizon_client::spans::time("tick_sleep", || self.tick_sleep());
@@ -4438,6 +4446,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            });
            horizon_client::spans::time("tick_particles", || self.tick_particles());
        }
+        // ServerBossEvent broadcasts, after this level's entities have ticked.
+        self.publish_boss_bars();
        // Minecraft.handleKeybinds: held use repeats only while no item is in
        // use (a raised shield or a drawn bow places and uses nothing).
        if self.right
@@ -4774,7 +4784,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        hud_layout::paint(batch, &self.gui.atlas, &draws);
    }
    fn hud(&mut self, size: [u32; 2]) -> HudBatch {
-        let mut batch = self.hud_layers(size);
+        // The pack prompt replaces the connecting screen (setScreen), but
+        // in game it opens over the world.
+        let mut batch = if self.server_packs.prompt.is_some() && self.player.is_none() {
+            HudBatch::new(size)
+        } else {
+            self.hud_layers(size)
+        };
+        self.draw_pack_prompt(&mut batch);
        // Gui.extractRenderState: the debug overlay comes after the screen
        // and the toasts, so it is over everything, menus included.
        self.draw_debug_overlay(&mut batch, size);
@@ -4811,11 +4828,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        let atlas_ptr: *const HudAtlas = &self.gui.atlas;
        let _ = atlas_ptr;
+        // The ToastManager draws over every screen: a server's packs
+        // download while the connection screen shows.
        if self.remote_overlay(&mut batch) {
+            self.draw_pack_toasts(&mut batch);
            return batch;
        }
        if let Some(reason) = self.loading_reason() {
            self.draw_level_loading(&mut batch, reason);
+            self.draw_pack_toasts(&mut batch);
            return batch;
        }
        // Hud.extractRenderState: F1 (keyToggleGui) hides camera overlays, the
@@ -5027,6 +5048,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            Screen::Playing | Screen::Options | Screen::Win => {}
        }
        self.draw_toasts(&mut batch);
+        self.draw_pack_toasts(&mut batch);
        self.remote_hud(&mut batch);
        self.draw_sign_editor(&mut batch);
        self.draw_book(&mut batch);
@@ -6764,6 +6786,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let mut see_through = std::mem::take(&mut self.see_through_vertices);
        see_through.clear();
        self.name_tag_geometry(camera, alpha, &mut out, &mut see_through);
+        self.text_display_geometry(camera, alpha, &mut out, &mut see_through);
        self.see_through_vertices = see_through;
        // Entity shadows (EntityRenderer.extractShadow).
        if let Some(sprite) = self.gui.atlas.sprites.get("misc/shadow").copied() {
@@ -7434,30 +7457,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.tick_player_model();
        Ok(())
    }
-    /// What the loaded Java shader pack changes in this dimension's vanilla
-    /// sky (`sunPathRotation`, `clouds`, `sun`, `moon`); `None` without one.
-    fn java_sky(&self) -> Option<(f32, horizon_shaderpack::properties::SkyDirectives)> {
-        self.shader_packs.java_sky(match self.dim {
-            Dim::Overworld => 0,
-            Dim::Nether => -1,
-            Dim::End => 1,
-        })
-    }
    /// SkyRenderer.renderSunMoonAndStars: bodies on a frame rotated Y -90 then X by angle.
-    /// A Java pack's `sunPathRotation` tilts it about Z in between, and its
-    /// `sun = false` / `moon = false` leave those out, as Iris does. Returns
-    /// the sun and moon quads, and the stars' frame and brightness (the
-    /// renderer keeps their geometry, built once).
+    /// Returns the sun and moon quads, and the stars' frame and brightness
+    /// (the renderer keeps their geometry, built once).
    fn celestial_geometry(
        &self,
        sky: &horizon_client::environment::Sky,
    ) -> (Vec<Vertex>, Option<(glam::Mat4, f32)>) {
        let mut out = Vec::new();
        let atlas = &self.gui.atlas;
-        let (tilt, keep) = self.java_sky().unwrap_or_default();
        let frame = |angle: f32| {
            glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y((-90.0f32).to_radians())
-                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_z(tilt.to_radians())
                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_x(angle.to_radians())
        };
        let mut body = |name: &str, angle: f32, size: f32, color: u32| {
@@ -7479,14 +7489,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                });
            }
        };
-        if keep.sun {
-            body(
-                "environment/celestial/sun",
-                sky.sun_angle,
-                30.0,
-                0xFFFF_FFFF,
-            );
-        }
+        body(
+            "environment/celestial/sun",
+            sky.sun_angle,
+            30.0,
+            0xFFFF_FFFF,
+        );
        let phases = [
            "full_moon",
            "waning_gibbous",
@@ -7498,20 +7506,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            "waxing_gibbous",
        ];
        let phase = phases[(self.world.day_time / 24000).rem_euclid(8) as usize];
-        if keep.moon {
-            body(
-                &format!("environment/celestial/moon/{phase}"),
-                sky.moon_angle,
-                20.0,
-                0xFFFF_FFFF,
-            );
-        }
+        body(
+            &format!("environment/celestial/moon/{phase}"),
+            sky.moon_angle,
+            20.0,
+            0xFFFF_FFFF,
+        );
        // SkyRenderer.renderStars: the static star buffer on the same frame.
        let stars =
            (sky.star_brightness > 0.0).then(|| (frame(sky.star_angle), sky.star_brightness));
        (out, stars)
    }
-    /// Load (or create) a world folder under saves/ and start streaming it.
+    /// Enter a local world from the client, selecting its simulation mode.
    fn open_world(
        &mut self,
        folder: &str,
@@ -7530,20 +7536,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return Ok(());
        }
        self.join_world_rest()?;
-        let save_root = std::env::current_dir()?.join("saves").join(folder);
-        if integrated::wanted(&self.options, &save_root) {
+        if self
+            .options
+            .execution_role
+            .starts_integrated_server(self.options.server_thread)
+        {
            return self.open_integrated(folder, name, seed, creative, create);
        }
-        self.perf.world_opening();
-        let request = world_loading::WorldRequest {
-            save_root,
-            folder: folder.to_owned(),
-            name: name.map(str::to_owned),
-            seed,
-            creative,
-            create: create.cloned(),
-        };
+        let request = world_loading::WorldRequest::new(folder, name, seed, creative, create)?;
        if self.window.is_some() {
+            self.perf.world_opening();
            if self.title.is_none() {
                self.title = Some(Title::new(
                    std::env::current_dir()?.join("saves"),
@@ -7559,6 +7561,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            )?);
            return Ok(());
        }
+        self.load_world(request)
+    }
+
+    /// Load authoritative world state synchronously, without client entry or
+    /// integrated-server selection. Server startup must use this entry point.
+    fn load_world(&mut self, request: world_loading::WorldRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        self.join_world_rest()?;
+        self.perf.world_opening();
        let prepared = request.prepare(&self.res, &self.pack, &self.options, &self.settings)?;
        self.finish_open_world(prepared)
    }
@@ -7972,6 +7982,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.session_lock = None;
        horizon_client::crash::clear_detail("World");
        self.debug_charts.reset();
+        self.boss_overlay.reset();
+        self.bosses = Default::default();
        self.streaming.paused = true;
        self.world = World::new(self.res.facts().air, 0);
        self.player = None;
@@ -9100,21 +9112,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // Options.biomeBlendRadius, ambientOcclusion and cutoutLeaves:
        // LevelExtractor.allChanged when they change.
        let (s, st) = (&self.settings, &self.streaming);
-        let remesh = (
-            s.biome_blend,
-            s.smooth_lighting,
-            s.cutout_leaves,
-            s.horizon.cull_leaves,
-        ) != (
-            st.biome_blend,
-            st.smooth_lighting,
-            st.cutout_leaves,
-            st.cull_leaves,
-        );
+        let remesh = (s.biome_blend, s.smooth_lighting, s.cutout_leaves)
+            != (st.biome_blend, st.smooth_lighting, st.cutout_leaves);
        self.streaming.biome_blend = self.settings.biome_blend;
        self.streaming.smooth_lighting = self.settings.smooth_lighting;
        self.streaming.cutout_leaves = self.settings.cutout_leaves;
-        self.streaming.cull_leaves = self.settings.horizon.cull_leaves;
        if remesh {
            self.all_sections_changed();
        }
@@ -9831,7 +9833,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            return Ok(false);
        }
-        self.poll_shader_pack();
        let Some(size) = self
            .renderer
            .as_ref()
@@ -10044,18 +10045,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.dragon_fireball_geometry(camera, alpha, &mut dragon);
            entities.extend(dragon);
        }
-        // A Java pack's `clouds` replaces the cloud option (`renderClouds`:
-        // "false", "fast", "true"), as Iris overrides `getCloudsType`.
-        let clouds_mode = {
-            use horizon_shaderpack::properties::CloudSetting;
-            match self.java_sky().and_then(|(_, sky)| sky.clouds) {
-                Some(CloudSetting::Off) => "false",
-                Some(CloudSetting::Fast) => "fast",
-                Some(CloudSetting::Fancy) => "true",
-                None => self.settings.clouds.as_str(),
-            }
-            .to_owned()
-        };
        let (celestial, stars) = if title {
            (Vec::new(), None)
        } else if self.dim == Dim::Overworld
@@ -10099,7 +10088,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let frame = Frame {
            weather: &weather,
            weather_time: horizon_client::weather::Time::new(self.world.game_time, alpha as f32),
-            shader: self.shader_inputs(camera, alpha as f32),
            nether_lighting: self.dim == Dim::Nether,
            camera,
            yaw,
@@ -10129,7 +10117,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                if !self.settings.horizon.fog
                    && !underwater
                    && self.darkness_fog().is_none()
-                    && !self.dragon_bar_shown()
+                    && !self.boss_overlay.should_create_world_fog()
                    && self.potions.effects.get("blindness").is_none()
                    && fog.environmental_end >= (self.streaming.radius * 16) as f32
                {
@@ -10147,7 +10135,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            hud: &hud,
            clouds: (!title
                && self.dim == Dim::Overworld
-                && horizon_client::clouds::visible(&clouds_mode, sky.cloud_color[3]))
+                && horizon_client::clouds::visible(&self.settings.clouds, sky.cloud_color[3]))
            .then(|| self.gui.atlas.sprites.get("horizon/white"))
            .flatten()
            .map(|white| horizon_client::clouds::Input {
@@ -10157,7 +10145,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                time: self.world.game_time,
                partial_tick: alpha,
                range: self.settings.cloud_range,
-                fast: clouds_mode == "fast",
+                fast: self.settings.clouds == "fast",
                color: sky.cloud_color,
            }),
            entities: &entities,
@@ -10200,6 +10188,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            darkness: self.darkness_lighting(alpha as f32),
            night_vision: self.night_vision_intensity(),
            block_flicker: self.fog.block_light_flicker,
+            boss_darken: self
+                .boss_overlay
+                .darken_amount(self.clock.fraction() as f32),
            menu_blur: self.menu_blur(),
        };
        let result = match self.renderer.as_mut() {
@@ -10590,7 +10581,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        // The loading screen's chunk map fills ring by ring, as vanilla's.
        self.streaming.loading =
-            self.options.dedicated.is_none() && self.loading_reason().is_some();
+            self.options.execution_role.is_client() && self.loading_reason().is_some();
        let (uploads, unloaded) =
            horizon_client::spans::time("streaming", || self.streaming.update(&mut self.world));
        if let Some(lod) = &mut self.lod {
@@ -10875,9 +10866,6 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                    self.pending_save.as_mut().unwrap().quit = true;
                }
-                WindowEvent::DroppedFile(path) => {
-                    self.drop_shader_pack(&path);
-                }
                WindowEvent::Focused(focused) => {
                    self.focused = focused;
                    if !focused {
@@ -11032,6 +11020,13 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
                        self.advancements_scroll(scaled(raw_x) as f32, d);
                    }
                }
+                WindowEvent::MouseInput { state, button, .. }
+                    if self.server_packs.prompt.is_some() =>
+                {
+                    if state == ElementState::Pressed && button == MouseButton::Left {
+                        self.pack_prompt_click()?;
+                    }
+                }
                WindowEvent::MouseInput { .. } if self.screen == Screen::Win => {}
                WindowEvent::MouseInput { state, button, .. } if self.screen == Screen::Options => {
                    if self.options_waiting_for_key() && state == ElementState::Pressed {
@@ -11231,6 +11226,14 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
+                // ConfirmScreen.keyPressed: Escape answers no.
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. } if self.server_packs.prompt.is_some() => {
+                    if event.state == ElementState::Pressed
+                        && event.physical_key == PhysicalKey::Code(KeyCode::Escape)
+                    {
+                        self.answer_pack_prompt(false)?;
+                    }
+                }
                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { event, .. }
                    if self.screen == Screen::Chat && self.title.is_none() =>
                {
@@ -11609,6 +11612,7 @@ impl ApplicationHandler for Game<'_> {
            event_loop.exit();
            return;
        }
+        self.tick_server_packs();
        self.poll_control(event_loop);
        if self.pending_save.is_some() {
            return;
@@ -11703,6 +11707,7 @@ impl<'a> Game<'a> {
            pending_entry: None,
            world_loader: None,
            pending_pack_reload: false,
+            server_packs: Default::default(),
            world_renderer_ready: false,
            collision: res.collision(),
            motion: res.motion(),
@@ -11760,7 +11765,6 @@ impl<'a> Game<'a> {
            focused: true,
            modifiers: winit::keyboard::ModifiersState::empty(),
            fullscreen: horizon_client::window::FullscreenState::new(false),
-            shader_packs: Default::default(),
            mouse: MouseLook::default(),
            agent_pointer: false,
            smooth_camera: false,
@@ -11904,6 +11908,8 @@ impl<'a> Game<'a> {
            breath_clouds: Vec::new(),
            dragon_model: prepared.dragon_model,
            map_patches: Vec::new(),
+            text_displays: Default::default(),
+            text_display_vertices: 0,
            skin_downloads: RefCell::new(horizon_client::skins::Downloader::new(
                std::env::current_dir()
                    .unwrap_or_default()
@@ -11991,6 +11997,7 @@ impl<'a> Game<'a> {
            score: Default::default(),
            fns: Default::default(),
            bosses: Default::default(),
+            boss_overlay: Default::default(),
            exec: Default::default(),
            rand_sequences: Default::default(),
            border: Default::default(),
@@ -12264,7 +12271,7 @@ fn synchronous_startup(options: &Options) -> bool {
        || options.world_frames.is_some()
        || options.benchmark.is_some()
        || options.control.is_some()
-        || options.dedicated.is_some()
+        || !options.execution_role.is_client()
        || std::env::var_os("HORIZON_DISPENSE_FIXTURE").is_some()
        || std::env::var_os("HORIZON_SCULK_FIXTURE").is_some()
        || std::env::var_os("HORIZON_COMMAND_SCRIPT").is_some()
@@ -12718,8 +12725,8 @@ fn loading_frame(hud: &HudBatch) -> Frame<'_> {
        darkness: (0.0, 0.0),
        night_vision: 0.0,
        block_flicker: 0.0,
+        boss_darken: 0.0,
        menu_blur: None,
-        shader: Default::default(),
    }
 }

@@ -12806,7 +12813,7 @@ fn start_game<'a>(
        game.sculk_fixture(&spec)?;
        return Ok(None);
    }
-    if game.options.dedicated.is_some() {
+    if game.options.execution_role == execution_role::ExecutionRole::DedicatedServer {
        game.run_dedicated()?;
        return Ok(None);
    }
@@ -13083,7 +13090,7 @@ impl Loading {
        );
        let renderer_ms = renderer_at.elapsed().as_millis();
        // Audio is created on the main thread, after the core is ready.
-        let audio = if options.dedicated.is_some() {
+        let audio = if !options.execution_role.is_client() {
            Audio::silent(&options.resources)
        } else {
            Audio::new(&options.resources)
@@ -13258,13 +13265,15 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
    let Some(mut options) = Options::read()? else {
        return Ok(());
    };
-    if options.dedicated.is_some() && !dedicated::preflight(&mut options)? {
+    if options.execution_role == execution_role::ExecutionRole::DedicatedServer
+        && !dedicated::preflight(&mut options)?
+    {
        return Ok(());
    }
    // Before any worker starts: on Linux they go behind the server thread
    // and the render thread.
    horizon_threads::put_helpers_behind();
-    if options.dedicated.is_none() {
+    if options.execution_role.is_client() {
        // The render thread, like the server thread, ahead of the workers on
        // macOS and Windows. While terrain loads, the worker pools (two with
        // single player's server thread) and other programs outnumber the
@@ -13274,7 +13283,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
    }
    // Someone is playing: the anonymous ping behind the launcher's "N playing now". Not for a
    // server, a benchmark or a run that quits by itself.
-    if options.dedicated.is_none()
+    if options.execution_role.is_client()
        && options.benchmark.is_none()
        && !options.offscreen
        && options.frames.is_none()
@@ -13293,7 +13302,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
        return run_loading(options, early_settings, vanilla_root, None, started);
    }
    let mut pack_error = None;
-    options.resources = packs::startup_root(&vanilla_root, &early_settings.resource_packs)
+    options.resources = packs::startup_root(&vanilla_root, &early_settings.resource_packs, &[])
        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
            log::warn!("Horizon: resource packs not applied: {e}");
            pack_error = Some(e.to_string());
@@ -13315,7 +13324,7 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
    )?;
    let gui = loaded.gui.ok_or("missing menu bundle")?;
    options.resources = loaded.root.clone();
-    let audio = if options.dedicated.is_some() {
+    let audio = if !options.execution_role.is_client() {
        Audio::silent(&options.resources)
    } else {
        Audio::new(&options.resources)
@@ -881,30 +881,40 @@ pub(super) fn adv_name(a: &adv::Advancement) -> Text {
    let Some(d) = &a.display else {
        return Text::literal(a.id.clone());
    };
-    let color = match d.frame {
-        Frame::Challenge => text::DARK_PURPLE,
-        _ => text::GREEN,
-    };
-    // Advancement.decorateName: the title in the frame's colour (styles
-    // merged into it), a new line and the description.
-    let coloured = text_of(&d.title).with_color(color);
-    let mut component = coloured.component();
-    if let Some(o) = component.as_object_mut() {
-        o.insert(
-            "extra".into(),
-            serde_json::json!(["\n", text_of(&d.description).component()]),
-        );
-    }
-    let tooltip = coloured
-        .append("\n")
-        .append(text_of(&d.description))
-        .with_component(component);
+    let color = frame_color(d.frame);
    let title = text_of(&d.title).with_style(&Style {
-        hover: Some(Box::new(tooltip)),
+        hover: Some(Box::new(decorate_name(d))),
        ..Style::default()
    });
    Text::translate("chat.square_brackets", &[title]).with_color(color)
 }
+fn frame_color(frame: Frame) -> u32 {
+    match frame {
+        Frame::Challenge => text::DARK_PURPLE,
+        _ => text::GREEN,
+    }
+}
+/// `Advancement.decorateName`: a copy of the title with the frame's colour
+/// under its own style (mergeStyles), then a new line and the description
+/// after the title's own siblings, so both inherit the title's root style.
+/// Built on the title's JSON (a list as its first element with the rest as
+/// siblings): a parsed Text moves a styled root's style down a level once it
+/// has siblings.
+fn decorate_name(d: &adv::Display) -> Text {
+    let mut component = match horizon_client::scoreboard::canonical_component(&d.title) {
+        Value::String(s) => serde_json::json!({ "text": s }),
+        c => c,
+    };
+    if let Some(o) = component.as_object_mut() {
+        let frame = Text::empty().with_color(frame_color(d.frame)).component();
+        o.entry("color").or_insert_with(|| frame["color"].clone());
+        let extra = o.entry("extra").or_insert_with(|| serde_json::json!([]));
+        if let Some(extra) = extra.as_array_mut() {
+            extra.extend(["\n".into(), d.description.clone()]);
+        }
+    }
+    text_of(&component).with_component(component)
+}
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// `AdvancementCommands.Action.GRANT` on one advancement (or one of
    /// its criteria): false when nothing changed.
@@ -1051,17 +1061,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }
 }
-/// A text component from advancement JSON (`translate` or `text`).
+/// An advancement's title or description: a whole component (ComponentSerialization.CODEC),
+/// with its siblings and styles, as a plugin's `{"text":"","extra":[...]}` needs.
 pub(super) fn text_of(v: &Value) -> Text {
-    if let Some(key) = v["translate"].as_str() {
-        Text::translate(key, &[])
-    } else if let Some(s) = v["text"].as_str() {
-        Text::literal(s)
-    } else if let Some(s) = v.as_str() {
-        Text::literal(s)
-    } else {
-        Text::empty()
-    }
+    horizon_client::scoreboard::comp_text(v)
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -1095,6 +1098,105 @@ mod tests {
        (seen, None)
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn titles_keep_their_siblings_and_styles() {
+        let title = text_of(&serde_json::json!({
+            "text": "",
+            "extra": [{"text": "Quest ", "color": "gold"}, "Board"],
+        }));
+        assert_eq!(title.plain(), "Quest Board");
+        assert_eq!(title.spans[0].style.color, Some(text::GOLD));
+        assert_eq!(title.spans[1].style.color, None);
+        let vanilla = text_of(&serde_json::json!({"translate": "advancements.story.root.title"}));
+        assert_eq!(
+            vanilla,
+            Text::translate("advancements.story.root.title", &[])
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            vanilla.translation_key(),
+            Some("advancements.story.root.title")
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn announced(title: Value, description: Value) -> adv::Advancement {
+        adv::Advancement {
+            id: "quests:board".into(),
+            parent: None,
+            display: Some(adv::Display {
+                icon: "minecraft:book".into(),
+                title,
+                description,
+                frame: Frame::Task,
+                background: None,
+                show_toast: true,
+                announce: true,
+                hidden: false,
+            }),
+            criteria: Vec::new(),
+            requirements: Vec::new(),
+            rewards: adv::Rewards::default(),
+        }
+    }
+    /// The chat hover: the JSON a client receives, and the spans drawn here.
+    fn hover(a: &adv::Advancement) -> (Value, Text) {
+        let local = decorate_name(a.display.as_ref().unwrap());
+        let sent = adv_name(a).component()["with"][0]["hover_event"]["value"].clone();
+        (sent, local)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chat_hover_keeps_the_titles_siblings_before_the_description() {
+        let a = announced(
+            serde_json::json!({"text": "", "extra": [{"text": "Quest ", "color": "gold"}, "Board"]}),
+            serde_json::json!("Open the board"),
+        );
+        let (sent, local) = hover(&a);
+        let sent = horizon_client::scoreboard::comp_text(&sent);
+        assert_eq!(sent.plain(), "Quest Board\nOpen the board");
+        let colors = |t: &Text| t.spans.iter().map(|s| s.style.color).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let (gold, green) = (Some(text::GOLD), Some(text::GREEN));
+        assert_eq!(colors(&sent), [gold, green, green, green]);
+        // The spans drawn here come from the same JSON a client receives.
+        assert_eq!(colors(&local), colors(&sent));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chat_hover_description_takes_a_styled_titles_own_style() {
+        // mergeStyles keeps the title's gold; the description inherits it.
+        let object = announced(
+            serde_json::json!({"text": "Quest", "color": "gold", "bold": true, "extra": [" Board"]}),
+            serde_json::json!("Open the board"),
+        );
+        let list = announced(
+            serde_json::json!([{"text": "Quest", "color": "gold", "bold": true}, " Board"]),
+            serde_json::json!("Open the board"),
+        );
+        for a in [object, list] {
+            let (sent, local) = hover(&a);
+            let sent = horizon_client::scoreboard::comp_text(&sent);
+            assert_eq!(sent.plain(), "Quest Board\nOpen the board");
+            let last = &sent.spans.last().unwrap().style;
+            assert_eq!((last.color, last.bold), (Some(text::GOLD), Some(true)));
+            assert_eq!(local.spans.last().unwrap().style, *last);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chat_hover_of_a_vanilla_advancement() {
+        let a = announced(
+            serde_json::json!({"translate": "advancements.story.root.title"}),
+            serde_json::json!({"translate": "advancements.story.root.description"}),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            hover(&a).0,
+            serde_json::json!({
+                "translate": "advancements.story.root.title",
+                "color": "green",
+                "extra": ["\n", {"translate": "advancements.story.root.description"}],
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn toasts_slide_in_squared_and_out_after_five_seconds() {
        let mut toast = recipes(1);
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ use horizon_client::{
    block_entity_anim::Ticker,
    chunk::{MIN_Y, SECTIONS},
    items::ItemStack,
+    mobs::{
+        Species,
+        render::{PROFESSIONS, VILLAGER_TYPES},
+    },
    widgets,
 };
 use horizon_core::geometry::Vec3;
@@ -468,6 +472,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                "sprinting": self.keys.contains(&KeyCode::ControlLeft),
                "health": p.health.health(),
                "absorption": p.health.absorption(),
+                // The hurt animation's ticks left (the camera's hurt tilt).
+                "hurt_time": p.health.hurt_animation_time,
                "air": p.air,
                "food": p.health.food.food,
                "saturation": p.health.food.saturation,
@@ -592,10 +598,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
        };
        for m in self.mobs.iter().filter(|m| m.alive()) {
+            let mut v = json!({ "id": m.id, "kind": "mob", "health": m.health, "baby": m.is_baby(), "hurt_time": m.hurt_time });
+            // VillagerData as this game knows it: on a client, what the
+            // server's synched data says.
+            if matches!(m.species(), Species::Villager | Species::ZombieVillager) {
+                v["villager"] = json!({
+                    "type": VILLAGER_TYPES[m.extra.variant as usize % VILLAGER_TYPES.len()],
+                    "profession": PROFESSIONS[m.extra.variant2 as usize % PROFESSIONS.len()],
+                    "level": m.extra.variant3,
+                });
+            }
            push(
                [m.position.x, m.position.y, m.position.z],
                m.kind.id.as_ref(),
-                json!({ "id": m.id, "kind": "mob", "health": m.health, "baby": m.is_baby(), "hurt_time": m.hurt_time }),
+                v,
            );
        }
        for item in &self.dropped {
@@ -59,6 +59,30 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
    /// Block commands; None when `words[0]` is not one of them.
    pub(super) fn block_command(&mut self, words: &[&str]) -> Result<Option<Value>> {
+        let ours = matches!(
+            words.first(),
+            Some(&("setblock" | "fill" | "getblock" | "container"))
+        );
+        // Single player on its server thread: the world is the server's, so
+        // the command runs there, in the owner's level, and the client hears
+        // of it like any change.
+        if ours && let Some(server) = &self.integrated {
+            let owned: Vec<String> = words.iter().map(|w| (*w).to_owned()).collect();
+            return server
+                .call(move |g| {
+                    let words: Vec<&str> = owned.iter().map(String::as_str).collect();
+                    g.in_owner_level(|g| g.block_command(&words).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))
+                })
+                .ok_or("the integrated server stopped")?
+                .map_err(Into::into);
+        }
+        // Another server's world changes only through its own commands, which
+        // it checks as the player's; `getblock` and `container` read what this
+        // client has of it.
+        if self.remote.is_some() && matches!(words.first(), Some(&("setblock" | "fill"))) {
+            self.send_chat(&format!("/{}", words.join(" ")));
+            return Ok(Some(json!({ "ok": true, "sent": true })));
+        }
        let int = |i: usize| -> Result<i32> {
            Ok(words
                .get(i)
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+//! Boats and the entities around them: what a boat runs into
+//! (`AbstractBoat.canVehicleCollide`), the pushes between a boat and what
+//! touches it (`AbstractBoat.push`, `LivingEntity.pushEntities`), the mobs
+//! it picks up (the end of `AbstractBoat.tick`), where they sit
+//! (`positionRider`, `clampRotation`) and how they get out.
+//! Saving them under the boat's `Passengers` lives in `persist.rs`.
+use super::{Game, boats::Boat, lan_mobs::guest_bounds};
+use horizon_client::{
+    camera::wrap_degrees,
+    mobs::{Mob, Species, Who, drops::is_animal, equine, riders},
+    scoreboard::pushable_by,
+};
+use horizon_core::geometry::{Aabb, Vec3};
+
+/// `Entity.boardingCooldown` once a mob leaves its boat.
+const BOARDING_COOLDOWN: i32 = 60;
+/// `Player.DEFAULT_VEHICLE_ATTACHMENT`: how far below the seat a player's
+/// feet are.
+const PLAYER_RIDING_OFFSET: f64 = 0.6;
+
+/// `Entity.isVehicle`: a player or a mob rides it.
+fn carries(m: &Mob) -> bool {
+    m.rider.is_some() || m.extra.rider.is_some()
+}
+/// `isPushable`, as `pushableBy` and `canVehicleCollide` ask it:
+/// `Mob::pushable` plus the shulkers it leaves out (they take no push, but
+/// count), less a ridden horse (`AbstractHorse.isPushable`).
+fn pushable(m: &Mob) -> bool {
+    !m.removed
+        && (m.pushable() || m.species() == Species::Shulker && m.alive())
+        && !(equine::is_equine(m.species()) && carries(m))
+}
+/// Whether `Entity.push` moves the mob: it is pushable and carries no one.
+fn moved_by_push(m: &Mob) -> bool {
+    !m.removed && m.pushable() && !carries(m)
+}
+/// `Entity.push(Entity)`: the push `other` gets from `this` (which takes the
+/// opposite one), or None when they stand on nearly the same spot.
+pub(super) fn push_impulse(this: Vec3, other: Vec3) -> Option<Vec3> {
+    let (mut xa, mut za) = (other.x - this.x, other.z - this.z);
+    let mut dd = xa.abs().max(za.abs());
+    if dd < f64::from(0.01_f32) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    dd = dd.sqrt();
+    xa /= dd;
+    za /= dd;
+    let pow = (1.0 / dd).min(1.0);
+    let k = f64::from(0.05_f32);
+    Some(Vec3::new(xa * pow * k, 0.0, za * pow * k))
+}
+/// `AbstractBoat.push`: another boat is pushed while it is lower than this
+/// boat's top, anything else while its feet are no higher than the boat's.
+pub(super) fn boat_pushes(boat: Aabb, other: Aabb, other_is_boat: bool) -> bool {
+    if other_is_boat {
+        other.min_position().y < boat.max_position().y
+    } else {
+        other.min_position().y <= boat.min_position().y
+    }
+}
+
+impl Game<'_> {
+    /// The players in boat `id`: the window's player (or the server player
+    /// acting as it) and the server's other players.
+    pub(super) fn boat_players(&self, id: u32) -> usize {
+        let guests = self.lan.as_ref().map_or(0, |h| {
+            h.hub
+                .guests
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|g| Some(g.conn) != self.lan_acting && g.vehicle == Some(id))
+                .count()
+        });
+        usize::from(self.riding == Some(id)) + guests
+    }
+    /// The mobs in boat `id`, in their seat order after the players
+    /// (`Entity.addPassenger` puts a player first).
+    pub(super) fn boat_mobs(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<usize> {
+        (0..self.mobs.len())
+            .filter(|&j| {
+                let m = &self.mobs[j];
+                m.extra.mount == Some(id) && !m.removed && m.alive()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+    /// `getPassengers().size()` of boat `id`.
+    pub(super) fn boat_passengers(&self, id: u32) -> usize {
+        self.boat_players(id) + self.boat_mobs(id).len()
+    }
+    /// `AbstractBoat.canAddPassenger`: a seat is free and the boat is not
+    /// under water.
+    pub(super) fn boat_has_room(&self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        let b = &self.boats[i];
+        self.boat_passengers(b.id) < b.max_passengers() && !b.under_water()
+    }
+    /// Where the player in boat `i` sits: in the middle alone, in front of a
+    /// mob.
+    pub(super) fn player_boat_seat(&self, i: usize) -> Vec3 {
+        let b = &self.boats[i];
+        let count = self.boat_players(b.id).max(1) + self.boat_mobs(b.id).len();
+        b.seat(0, count, false, PLAYER_RIDING_OFFSET, false)
+    }
+    /// `getRootVehicle` of mob `j`: the mob or boat at the bottom of what it
+    /// rides, None when it rides nothing.
+    fn mob_root_vehicle(&self, mut j: usize) -> Option<u32> {
+        let mut root = None;
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            let Some(v) = self.mobs[j].extra.mount else {
+                break;
+            };
+            root = Some(v);
+            match self.mobs.iter().position(|m| m.id == v) {
+                Some(k) => j = k,
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+        root
+    }
+    /// The players outside boat `id` that push and block it (living, not
+    /// spectators), with the window player's team.
+    fn players_outside(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<(Aabb, bool)> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_ref()
+            && self.riding != Some(id)
+            && !self.spectator()
+            && !p.health.dead_or_dying()
+        {
+            out.push((p.bounds(), true));
+        }
+        if let Some(host) = self.lan.as_ref() {
+            for g in host.hub.guests.iter().filter(|g| {
+                Some(g.conn) != self.lan_acting
+                    && host.hub.here(g)
+                    && g.loaded
+                    && !g.dead
+                    && !g.spectator()
+                    && g.vehicle != Some(id)
+            }) {
+                out.push((guest_bounds(g), false));
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    /// `getEntityCollisions` of boat `id` within `area`, with
+    /// `AbstractBoat.canVehicleCollide`: the other boats, minecarts,
+    /// shulkers and pushable mobs and players, but not its own passengers.
+    pub(super) fn boat_obstacles(&self, id: u32, area: Aabb) -> Vec<Aabb> {
+        let mut out: Vec<Aabb> = (0..self.mobs.len())
+            .filter(|&j| {
+                let m = &self.mobs[j];
+                pushable(m)
+                    && m.bounds().intersects(area)
+                    && (m.extra.mount.is_none() || self.mob_root_vehicle(j) != Some(id))
+            })
+            .map(|j| self.mobs[j].bounds())
+            .collect();
+        out.extend(
+            self.boats
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|b| b.id != id)
+                .map(Boat::bounds)
+                .chain(self.carts.iter().map(|c| c.bounds()))
+                .chain(self.players_outside(id).into_iter().map(|(bb, _)| bb))
+                .filter(|bb| bb.intersects(area)),
+        );
+        out
+    }
+    /// What boat `b` may run into this tick.
+    pub(super) fn boat_move_obstacles(&self, b: &Boat) -> Vec<Aabb> {
+        let reach = b.velocity.length() + 1.0;
+        self.boat_obstacles(b.id, b.bounds().inflate(Vec3::new(reach, reach, reach)))
+    }
+    /// `noEntityCollision(boat, box)` for a new boat (`BoatItem.use`).
+    pub(super) fn boat_entity_collision(&self, bb: Aabb) -> bool {
+        // EntityGetter.getEntityCollisions: the box grown by 1e-7.
+        let area = bb.inflate(Vec3::new(1.0e-7, 1.0e-7, 1.0e-7));
+        !self.boat_obstacles(u32::MAX, area).is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// The end of `AbstractBoat.tick` on the server for boat `i`: each
+    /// entity it touches gets in (a mob, while no player steers) or is
+    /// pushed apart from it, and `LivingEntity.pushEntities` of each mob and
+    /// player touching it pushes the two apart once more. Only the window's
+    /// own player is moved here: a server's players are pushed by their
+    /// clients, which tick the boats near them (`remote_pushes`).
+    pub(super) fn boat_contacts(&mut self, i: usize) {
+        let (id, bb, max) = {
+            let b = &self.boats[i];
+            (b.id, b.bounds(), b.max_passengers())
+        };
+        let area = bb.inflate(Vec3::new(
+            f64::from(0.2_f32),
+            f64::from(-0.01_f32),
+            f64::from(0.2_f32),
+        ));
+        let mut count = self.boat_passengers(id);
+        // getControllingPassenger is a player: one rides it (players sit first).
+        let pick_up = self.boat_players(id) == 0;
+        // canAddPassenger, which startRiding asks after the checks below.
+        let room = !self.boats[i].under_water();
+        // (mob, touched by the boat's sweep, its own pushEntities reaches the boat)
+        let teams = self.mob_teams();
+        let mobs: Vec<(usize, bool, bool)> = (0..self.mobs.len())
+            .filter_map(|j| {
+                let m = &self.mobs[j];
+                if !pushable(m) || m.extra.mount.is_some() && self.mob_root_vehicle(j) == Some(id) {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                let mb = m.bounds();
+                let team = teams.of(Who::Mob(m.id));
+                let touched = mb.intersects(area) && pushable_by(None, team, true);
+                // Bats push nothing (Bat.pushEntities).
+                let pushes = m.species() != Species::Bat
+                    && mb.intersects(bb)
+                    && pushable_by(team, None, true);
+                (touched || pushes).then_some((j, touched, pushes))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let player_team = teams.of(Who::Player);
+        let players: Vec<(Aabb, bool, bool, bool)> = self
+            .players_outside(id)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(pb, own)| {
+                let team = if own { player_team } else { None };
+                (
+                    pb,
+                    own,
+                    pb.intersects(area) && pushable_by(None, team, true),
+                    pb.intersects(bb) && pushable_by(team, None, true),
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+        drop(teams);
+        for (j, touched, pushes) in mobs {
+            if touched {
+                let m = &self.mobs[j];
+                let boards = pick_up
+                    && count < max
+                    && m.extra.mount.is_none()
+                    && m.width() < super::boats::WIDTH as f32
+                    && !self
+                        .res
+                        .mob_data()
+                        .entity_has("minecraft:cannot_be_pushed_onto_boats", &m.kind.id);
+                if boards {
+                    // startRiding fails quietly (no push) while the mob's
+                    // boarding cooldown runs (Entity.canRide) or the boat
+                    // is under water.
+                    if room && m.extra.boarding_cooldown <= 0 {
+                        let m = &mut self.mobs[j];
+                        m.extra.mount = Some(id);
+                        m.extra.passenger = true;
+                        m.ai.nav.stop();
+                        let mob = m.id;
+                        count += 1;
+                        // Mob.startRiding drops its lead.
+                        self.break_leash(mob, true, false);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                self.boat_push_mob(i, j, count);
+            }
+            if pushes {
+                self.boat_push_mob(i, j, count);
+            }
+        }
+        for (pb, own, touched, pushes) in players {
+            let Some(v) = push_impulse(self.boats[i].position, pb.center())
+                .filter(|_| boat_pushes(bb, pb, false))
+            else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            for _ in 0..usize::from(touched) + usize::from(pushes) {
+                if count == 0 {
+                    let b = &mut self.boats[i];
+                    b.velocity = b.velocity.subtract(v);
+                }
+                if own && let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
+                    p.velocity = p.velocity.add_vector(v);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for k in 0..self.boats.len() {
+            let ob = self.boats[k].bounds();
+            if k == i || !ob.intersects(area) || !boat_pushes(bb, ob, true) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(v) = push_impulse(self.boats[i].position, self.boats[k].position) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if count == 0 {
+                self.boats[i].velocity = self.boats[i].velocity.subtract(v);
+            }
+            if self.boat_passengers(self.boats[k].id) == 0 {
+                self.boats[k].velocity = self.boats[k].velocity.add_vector(v);
+            }
+        }
+        let guest_carts = self.guest_vehicles();
+        for c in 0..self.carts.len() {
+            let cb = self.carts[c].bounds();
+            if !cb.intersects(area) || !boat_pushes(bb, cb, false) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(v) = push_impulse(self.boats[i].position, self.carts[c].position) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if count == 0 {
+                self.boats[i].velocity = self.boats[i].velocity.subtract(v);
+            }
+            let cid = self.carts[c].id;
+            let ridden = self.riding == Some(cid)
+                || guest_carts.contains(&cid)
+                || self.mobs.iter().any(|m| m.extra.mount == Some(cid));
+            if !ridden {
+                self.carts[c].velocity = self.carts[c].velocity.add_vector(v);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// `AbstractBoat.push(mob)` from boat `i`, which has `count` passengers.
+    fn boat_push_mob(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize, count: usize) {
+        let (b, m) = (&self.boats[i], &self.mobs[j]);
+        if !boat_pushes(b.bounds(), m.bounds(), false) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(v) = push_impulse(b.position, m.position) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if count == 0 {
+            let b = &mut self.boats[i];
+            b.velocity = b.velocity.subtract(v);
+        }
+        let m = &mut self.mobs[j];
+        if moved_by_push(m) {
+            m.velocity = m.velocity.add_vector(v);
+            m.needs_sync = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// `positionRider` and `clampRotation` for the mobs in boats: each sits
+    /// in its seat facing the way the boat does, an animal in a full boat
+    /// sideways, its head kept within its reach of its body.
+    pub(super) fn seat_boat_mobs(&mut self) {
+        for i in 0..self.boats.len() {
+            let id = self.boats[i].id;
+            let mobs = self.boat_mobs(id);
+            if mobs.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let players = self.boat_players(id);
+            let count = players + mobs.len();
+            let b = &self.boats[i];
+            let full = count == b.max_passengers();
+            let delta = b.delta_rotation;
+            let seats: Vec<_> = mobs
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(n, &j)| {
+                    let m = &self.mobs[j];
+                    let animal = is_animal(m.species());
+                    // Another player, on a server's client.
+                    let offset = if &*m.kind.id == "minecraft:player" {
+                        PLAYER_RIDING_OFFSET
+                    } else {
+                        riders::vehicle_attachment(m)
+                    };
+                    let index = players + n;
+                    // calculatePassengerBodyYRot.
+                    let turn = match (animal && full, m.id.is_multiple_of(2)) {
+                        (false, _) => 0.0,
+                        (true, true) => 90.0,
+                        (true, false) => 270.0,
+                    };
+                    let turns = !self
+                        .res
+                        .mob_data()
+                        .entity_has("minecraft:can_turn_in_boats", &m.kind.id);
+                    (
+                        j,
+                        b.seat(index, count, animal, offset, false),
+                        b.seat(index, count, animal, offset, true),
+                        turns.then_some((b.yaw + turn, b.previous_yaw + turn)),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect();
+            for (j, at, previous, facing) in seats {
+                let m = &mut self.mobs[j];
+                m.position = at;
+                m.previous = previous;
+                m.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
+                m.fall_distance = 0.0;
+                m.on_ground = false;
+                m.extra.passenger = true;
+                m.ai.nav.stop();
+                let Some((body, previous_body)) = facing else {
+                    continue;
+                };
+                m.head_yaw += delta;
+                m.body_yaw = body;
+                m.previous_body_yaw = previous_body;
+                m.yaw = body;
+                m.previous_yaw = previous_body;
+                // Mob.clampHeadRotationToBody.
+                let limit = m.kind.max_head_y_rot;
+                let d = wrap_degrees(body - m.head_yaw);
+                m.head_yaw += d - d.clamp(-limit, limit);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// `ejectPassengers` for the mobs in boat `i`: each gets out where
+    /// `getDismountLocationForPassenger` puts it (beside the boat when it
+    /// broke: `LivingEntity.dismountVehicle`) and can't board for a while.
+    pub(super) fn eject_boat_mobs(&mut self, i: usize, broken: bool) {
+        let b = &self.boats[i];
+        let (id, y) = (b.id, b.position.y);
+        for j in self.boat_mobs(id) {
+            let m = &self.mobs[j];
+            let at = if broken {
+                Vec3::new(m.position.x, m.position.y.max(y), m.position.z)
+            } else {
+                self.boat_dismount_target(i, f64::from(m.width()), m.yaw)
+            };
+            let m = &mut self.mobs[j];
+            m.extra.mount = None;
+            m.extra.passenger = false;
+            m.extra.boarding_cooldown = BOARDING_COOLDOWN;
+            m.position = at;
+            m.previous = at;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn push_is_capped_and_scaled() {
+        // One block apart on x: the full 0.05 along x.
+        let v = push_impulse(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)).unwrap();
+        assert!((v.x - f64::from(0.05_f32)).abs() < 1e-12 && v.z == 0.0);
+        // Almost on the same spot: no push.
+        assert!(push_impulse(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::new(0.005, 0.0, 0.0)).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn boats_push_by_height() {
+        let boat = Aabb::new(Vec3::new(0.0, 64.0, 0.0), Vec3::new(1.0, 64.5625, 1.0));
+        let at = |y: f64| Aabb::new(Vec3::new(0.0, y, 0.0), Vec3::new(1.0, y + 1.0, 1.0));
+        assert!(boat_pushes(boat, at(64.0), false));
+        assert!(!boat_pushes(boat, at(64.1), false));
+        assert!(boat_pushes(boat, at(64.5), true));
+        assert!(!boat_pushes(boat, at(64.5625), true));
+    }
+}
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 use super::{Game, Keys, entity_culling::at, view_vector};
 use horizon_client::{
    blocks::Fluid,
-    collisions::SceneCollisions,
+    collisions::{EntityCollisions, SceneCollisions},
    items::ItemStack,
    mesher::Vertex,
-    mobs::{Part, anim::Poses},
+    mobs::{Part, anim::Poses, riders},
 };
 use horizon_core::{
    geometry::{Aabb, Vec3},
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ pub(super) struct Boat {
 }
 /// `ChestBoat.CONTAINER_SIZE`.
 pub(super) const CHEST_SLOTS: usize = 27;
-const WIDTH: f64 = 1.375;
+pub(super) const WIDTH: f64 = 1.375;
 const HEIGHT: f64 = 0.5625;
-/// Player.DEFAULT_VEHICLE_ATTACHMENT minus the boat's passenger attachment.
-pub(super) const SEAT: f64 = 0.1875 - 0.6;
 impl Boat {
    pub fn new(id: u32, wood: Arc<str>, position: Vec3, yaw: f32) -> Self {
        Self {
@@ -98,6 +96,54 @@ impl Boat {
            Vec3::new(p.x + w, p.y + HEIGHT, p.z + w),
        )
    }
+    /// `isUnderWater`; it stands in for `canAddPassenger`'s
+    /// `isEyeInFluid(WATER)` too.
+    pub fn under_water(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.status, Status::UnderWater | Status::UnderFlowingWater)
+    }
+    /// `getMaxPassengers`: two, one beside a chest.
+    pub fn max_passengers(&self) -> usize {
+        if self.chest { 1 } else { 2 }
+    }
+    /// `rideHeight`: a third of a boat's height, 8/9 of a raft's.
+    fn ride_height(&self) -> f64 {
+        let height = HEIGHT as f32;
+        f64::from(if &*self.wood == "bamboo" {
+            height * 0.888_888_9
+        } else {
+            height / 3.0
+        })
+    }
+    /// Where the passenger at `index` of `count` stands, at the boat's current
+    /// (or, with `previous`, last) place: `getPassengerAttachmentPoint`
+    /// turned with the boat, less the passenger's `rider_offset`.
+    pub fn seat(
+        &self,
+        index: usize,
+        count: usize,
+        animal: bool,
+        rider_offset: f64,
+        previous: bool,
+    ) -> Vec3 {
+        let mut z = if self.chest { 0.15f32 } else { 0.0 };
+        if count > 1 {
+            z = if index == 0 { 0.2 } else { -0.6 };
+            if animal {
+                z += 0.2;
+            }
+        }
+        let (at, yaw) = if previous {
+            (self.previous, self.previous_yaw)
+        } else {
+            (self.position, self.yaw)
+        };
+        riders::seat(
+            [0.0, self.ride_height(), f64::from(z)],
+            rider_offset,
+            at,
+            yaw,
+        )
+    }
    /// `getRowingTime`.
    pub fn rowing_time(&self, side: usize, a: f32) -> f32 {
        if self.paddling[side] {
@@ -183,13 +229,18 @@ impl BoatModels {
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
    fn fluid_height(&self, x: i32, y: i32, z: i32) -> Option<(f32, bool)> {
+        self.fluid_height_of(x, y, z, Some(Fluid::Water))
+    }
+    /// `FluidState.getHeight` and whether it is a source, for `fluid` or,
+    /// with `None`, any fluid (`ClipContext.Fluid.ANY`).
+    fn fluid_height_of(&self, x: i32, y: i32, z: i32, fluid: Option<Fluid>) -> Option<(f32, bool)> {
        let f = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(x, y, z));
-        if f.fluid != Fluid::Water {
+        if f.fluid == Fluid::None || fluid.is_some_and(|want| f.fluid != want) {
            return None;
        }
        let above = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(x, y + 1, z));
        // FluidState.getHeight: 1 under the same fluid, else amount / 9.
-        let height = if above.fluid == Fluid::Water {
+        let height = if above.fluid == f.fluid {
            1.0
        } else {
            f32::from(f.fluid_level) / 9.0
@@ -315,6 +366,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let mut vspeed = -0.04;
        let mut buoyancy = 0.0;
        let inv_friction: f32;
+        let obstacles = self.boat_move_obstacles(&b);
        let mut scene = SceneCollisions {
            world: &self.world,
            binding: self.collision,
@@ -396,6 +448,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            b.paddling = [right && !left || up, left && !right || up];
        }
        // Entity.move: collisions zero the blocked components.
+        let mut scene = EntityCollisions {
+            blocks: scene,
+            entities: &obstacles,
+            border: None,
+        };
        if let Ok(moved) = scene.resolve(b.bounds(), b.velocity, 0.0, b.on_ground) {
            b.position = Vec3::new(
                b.position.x + moved.x,
@@ -461,6 +518,72 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            let b = self.boats[i].clone();
            self.boats[i] = self.tick_boat(b, false);
        }
+        // AbstractBoat.tick's applyEffectsFromBlocks, on the server for every
+        // boat, the client-driven ones too.
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < self.boats.len() {
+            let p = self.boats[i].position;
+            let skip = Some(self.boats[i].id) == self.riding
+                || !ticking(p.x.floor() as i32, p.z.floor() as i32);
+            if skip || !self.boat_lava_tick(i) {
+                i += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        // The rest of AbstractBoat.tick on the server, for every boat: the
+        // passengers of one under water too long get out, and it picks up or
+        // pushes what it touches.
+        for i in 0..self.boats.len() {
+            let p = self.boats[i].position;
+            if !ticking(p.x.floor() as i32, p.z.floor() as i32) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if self.boats[i].out_of_control >= 60.0 {
+                self.eject_boat_mobs(i, false);
+            }
+            self.boat_contacts(i);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `LavaFluid.entityInside` (`lavaHurt`) from the two
+    /// `applyEffectsFromBlocks` calls in `AbstractBoat.tick`: twice 40
+    /// damage, so lava breaks a boat on its first tick inside, and the fire
+    /// `lavaIgnite` lights never gets to burn it. True when the boat broke.
+    fn boat_lava_tick(&mut self, i: usize) -> bool {
+        if !self.in_lava(self.boats[i].bounds()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for _ in 0..2 {
+            let p = self.boats[i].position;
+            let broke = self.hurt_boat(i, 4.0, false);
+            self.lava_hurt_sound([p.x, p.y, p.z]);
+            if broke {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+    /// `Entity.lavaHurt`'s sound once the hurt went through.
+    pub(super) fn lava_hurt_sound(&mut self, at: [f64; 3]) {
+        let pitch = 2.0 + self.world.random.next_float() * 0.4;
+        self.audio
+            .play("minecraft:entity.generic.burn", Some(at), 0.4, pitch);
+    }
+    /// Whether a vehicle's box, deflated by 1e-5, reaches into lava below its
+    /// surface (`Entity.collidedWithFluid`).
+    pub(super) fn in_lava(&self, bb: Aabb) -> bool {
+        let (lo, hi) = (bb.min_position(), bb.max_position());
+        let e = 1.0e-5;
+        for x in (lo.x + e).floor() as i32..=(hi.x - e).floor() as i32 {
+            for y in (lo.y + e).floor() as i32..=(hi.y - e).floor() as i32 {
+                for z in (lo.z + e).floor() as i32..=(hi.z - e).floor() as i32 {
+                    if let Some((height, _)) = self.fluid_height_of(x, y, z, Some(Fluid::Lava))
+                        && lo.y + e < f64::from(y) + f64::from(height)
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        false
    }
    /// The player's tick while riding: steer, tick the boat, sit in it.
    pub(super) fn tick_riding(&mut self, keys: Keys) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
@@ -482,22 +605,35 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.yaw += b.delta_rotation;
        let delta = (self.yaw - b.yaw + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0;
        self.yaw += delta.clamp(-105.0, 105.0) - delta;
+        self.boats[i] = b;
+        let seat = self.player_boat_seat(i);
        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
            self.previous_position = p.position;
-            p.position = Vec3::new(b.position.x, b.position.y + SEAT, b.position.z);
+            p.position = seat;
            p.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
            p.fall_distance = 0.0;
        }
-        self.boats[i] = b;
+        if self.boat_lava_tick(i) {
+            self.riding = None;
+        }
        Ok(())
    }
    /// `getDismountLocationForPassenger`: in front of the player if there is
    /// floor there, else on top of the boat.
    pub(super) fn dismount(&mut self, i: usize) {
        self.riding = None;
+        let target = self.boat_dismount_target(i, 0.6, self.yaw);
+        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
+            p.position = target;
+            p.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
+        }
+    }
+    /// `getDismountLocationForPassenger` for a passenger `width` wide
+    /// facing `yaw`.
+    pub(super) fn boat_dismount_target(&self, i: usize, width: f64, yaw: f32) -> Vec3 {
        let b = &self.boats[i];
-        let r = self.yaw.to_radians();
-        let distance = (WIDTH * std::f64::consts::SQRT_2 + 0.6 + 1.0e-5) / 2.0;
+        let r = yaw.to_radians();
+        let distance = (WIDTH * std::f64::consts::SQRT_2 + width + 1.0e-5) / 2.0;
        let (s, c) = (-(r.sin()) as f64, r.cos() as f64);
        let m = s.abs().max(c.abs());
        let (x, z) = (
@@ -508,17 +644,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let (bx, by, bz) = (x.floor() as i32, top.floor() as i32, z.floor() as i32);
        let below = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(bx, by - 1, bz));
        let here = self.res.facts().get(self.world.block(bx, by, bz));
-        let target = if below.fluid != Fluid::Water
+        if below.fluid != Fluid::Water
            && !here.full_collision
            && (below.full_collision || below.legacy_solid)
        {
            Vec3::new(x, f64::from(by), z)
        } else {
            Vec3::new(b.position.x, top, b.position.z)
-        };
-        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
-            p.position = target;
-            p.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
        }
    }
    /// `BoatItem.use`: aim at a block or the water surface.
@@ -534,7 +666,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        };
        let dir = view_vector(self.yaw, self.pitch);
        let reach = self.reach();
-        // ClipContext.Fluid.ANY: the first water surface or block along the ray.
+        // ClipContext.Fluid.ANY: the first fluid surface (water or lava) or
+        // block along the ray.
        let block = self.pick().map(|h| {
            (
                h.point,
@@ -544,7 +677,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    .sqrt(),
            )
        });
-        let mut water = None;
+        let mut fluid = None;
        let mut t = 0.0;
        while t < reach {
            let p: [f64; 3] = std::array::from_fn(|a| eye[a] + dir[a] * t);
@@ -553,15 +686,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                p[1].floor() as i32,
                p[2].floor() as i32,
            );
-            if let Some((h, _)) = self.fluid_height(x, y, z)
+            if let Some((h, _)) = self.fluid_height_of(x, y, z, None)
                && p[1] <= f64::from(y) + f64::from(h)
            {
-                water = Some(([p[0], f64::from(y) + f64::from(h), p[2]], t));
+                fluid = Some(([p[0], f64::from(y) + f64::from(h), p[2]], t));
                break;
            }
            t += 0.05;
        }
-        let hit = match (block, water) {
+        let hit = match (block, fluid) {
            (Some(b), Some(w)) => {
                if w.1 < b.1 {
                    w.0
@@ -594,7 +727,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            binding: self.collision,
            subject: None,
        };
-        if !scene.unobstructed(inner).unwrap_or(false) {
+        if !scene.unobstructed(inner).unwrap_or(false) || self.boat_entity_collision(bb) {
            return false;
        }
        self.next_entity += 1;
@@ -649,7 +782,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return false;
        }
        // ChestBoat.interact: sneaking (or a full seat) opens the chest.
-        if self.boats[i].chest && (sneaking || self.riding.is_some()) {
+        if self.boats[i].chest && (sneaking || self.riding.is_some() || !self.boat_has_room(i)) {
            let b = &self.boats[i];
            let key = (i32::MAX - 15, super::minecarts::CART_KEY_Y, b.id as i32);
            self.world.block_entities.insert(
@@ -666,6 +799,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            || self.boats[i].out_of_control >= 60.0
            || self.riding.is_some()
            || self.ridden_by_guest(self.boats[i].id)
+            || !self.boat_has_room(i)
        {
            return false;
        }
@@ -682,15 +816,24 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return false;
        }
        self.vehicle_attack_sounds();
+        self.hurt_boat(i, damage, self.creative);
+        self.swing_arm();
+        true
+    }
+    /// `VehicleEntity.hurtServer`: wobble, add the damage and break past 40
+    /// (`creative`: a creative player's hit removes it without drops).
+    /// True when the boat was removed.
+    pub(super) fn hurt_boat(&mut self, i: usize, damage: f32, creative: bool) -> bool {
        let b = &mut self.boats[i];
        b.hurt_dir = -b.hurt_dir;
        b.hurt_time = 10;
        b.damage += damage * 10.0;
-        let destroyed = self.creative || b.damage > 40.0;
+        let destroyed = creative || b.damage > 40.0;
        if destroyed {
+            self.eject_boat_mobs(i, true);
            let b = self.boats.remove(i);
            let at = [b.position.x, b.position.y, b.position.z];
-            if !self.creative && self.ui.rules.bool("entity_drops") {
+            if !creative && self.ui.rules.bool("entity_drops") {
                // ChestBoat.destroy: chestVehicleDestroyed spills the contents.
                for stack in b.items.iter().flatten() {
                    self.spawn_item(stack.clone(), at, super::dispenser::new_item_motion(), 10);
@@ -709,8 +852,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                );
            }
        }
-        self.swing_arm();
-        true
+        destroyed
    }
    /// AbstractBoatRenderer.
    pub(super) fn boat_geometry(&self, camera: glam::DVec3, alpha: f64, out: &mut Vec<Vertex>) {
@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
 //! `/bossbar` (BossBarCommands) and drawing the custom boss bars.
 use super::{
-    Game,
-    commands::{R, err},
+    Dim, Game,
+    commands::{R, Target, err},
 };
 use horizon_client::{
+    boss_overlay,
    bossbar::{self, BossBars},
    command::{Arg, Context},
-    hud_overlays, save,
-    scoreboard::{self as sb, Comp, comp_text},
+    mobs::Species,
+    save,
+    scoreboard::{self as sb, Comp, json_to_tag},
    scoreboard_cmd::format_list,
    text::Text,
 };
+use horizon_core::random::RandomSource;
+use horizon_protocol::packets::play::{self, BossAction, Clientbound as C};
 use horizon_world::nbt::Tag;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};

 #[derive(Default)]
 pub(super) struct BossState {
    pub bars: BossBars,
    loaded: bool,
+    /// What each viewer was last sent, so a change becomes one packet.
+    sent: HashMap<u128, HashMap<u128, Offer>>,
 }

 fn num(n: impl std::fmt::Display) -> Text {
@@ -36,7 +43,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if let Some(root) = save::read_dat(&self.bossbar_path())
            && let Some(data) = root.get("data")
        {
-            self.bosses.bars = BossBars::unpack(data, self.level.player_uuid);
+            self.bosses.bars = BossBars::unpack(data);
        }
        self.ui.registries.bossbars = self.bosses.bars.ids();
    }
@@ -47,13 +54,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if self.bosses.bars.bars.is_empty() && !self.bossbar_path().exists() {
            return;
        }
-        let _ = save::write_dat(
+        if let Err(e) = save::write_dat(
            &self.bossbar_path(),
            Tag::compound([
-                ("data", self.bosses.bars.pack(self.level.player_uuid)),
+                ("data", self.bosses.bars.pack()),
                ("DataVersion", Tag::Int(horizon_world::DATA_VERSION)),
            ]),
-        );
+        ) {
+            log::warn!("boss bars were not written: {e}");
+        }
    }
    pub(in crate::game) fn bossbar_exists(&self, id: &str) -> bool {
        self.bosses.bars.get(id).is_some()
@@ -68,6 +77,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                b.value = b.value.min(b.max);
            }
        }
+        self.publish_boss_bars();
    }
    fn bar_id(ctx: &Context) -> String {
        match ctx.get("id") {
@@ -86,6 +96,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.load_bossbars();
        let result = self.bossbar_command(id, ctx);
        self.ui.registries.bossbars = self.bosses.bars.ids();
+        self.publish_boss_bars();
        result
    }
    fn bossbar_command(&mut self, id: &str, ctx: &Context) -> R<i32> {
@@ -97,6 +108,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                }
                let name = self.component_json(ctx, "name")?;
                self.bosses.bars.add(&bar, name);
+                if let Some(b) = self.bosses.bars.get_mut(&bar) {
+                    // CustomBossEvents.create: Mth.createInsecureUUID(level.random).
+                    b.uuid = insecure_uuid(&mut self.world.random);
+                }
                let shown = self
                    .bosses
                    .bars
@@ -173,19 +188,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        i32::from(b.visible)
                    }
                    _ => {
-                        if b.player {
-                            let name = self.target_name(super::commands::Target::Player);
-                            self.feedback(Text::translate(
-                                "commands.bossbar.get.players.some",
-                                &[s, num(1), format_list(vec![name])],
-                            ));
-                        } else {
+                        let names = self.bossbar_player_names(&b.players);
+                        let n = names.len();
+                        if n == 0 {
                            self.feedback(Text::translate(
                                "commands.bossbar.get.players.none",
                                &[s],
                            ));
+                        } else {
+                            self.feedback(Text::translate(
+                                "commands.bossbar.get.players.some",
+                                &[s, num(n), format_list(names)],
+                            ));
                        }
-                        i32::from(b.player)
+                        n as i32
                    }
                })
            }
@@ -295,31 +311,46 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                Ok(0)
            }
            _ => {
-                // players [<targets>]
-                let include = if ctx.get("targets").is_some() {
-                    !self.entities(ctx, "targets", true)?.is_empty()
+                // players [<targets>]: replace the set. No argument clears it.
+                let targets = if ctx.get("targets").is_some() {
+                    self.entities(ctx, "targets", true)?
                } else {
-                    false
+                    Vec::new()
                };
+                let mut uuids = Vec::new();
+                let mut names = Vec::new();
+                for t in &targets {
+                    let Some(uuid) = self.player_target_uuid(*t) else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    if !uuids.contains(&uuid) {
+                        uuids.push(uuid);
+                        names.push(self.target_name(*t));
+                    }
+                }
                let b = self.bosses.bars.get_mut(bar).expect("checked");
-                if b.player == include {
+                let mut had = b.players.clone();
+                had.sort();
+                let mut next = uuids.clone();
+                next.sort();
+                if had == next {
                    return Err(err("commands.bossbar.set.players.unchanged", &[]));
                }
-                b.player = include;
+                b.players = uuids;
+                let n = b.players.len();
                let s = shown(self);
-                if include {
-                    let name = self.target_name(super::commands::Target::Player);
-                    self.feedback(Text::translate(
-                        "commands.bossbar.set.players.success.some",
-                        &[s, num(1), format_list(vec![name])],
-                    ));
-                } else {
+                if n == 0 {
                    self.feedback(Text::translate(
                        "commands.bossbar.set.players.success.none",
                        &[s],
                    ));
+                } else {
+                    self.feedback(Text::translate(
+                        "commands.bossbar.set.players.success.some",
+                        &[s, num(targets.len()), format_list(names)],
+                    ));
                }
-                Ok(i32::from(include))
+                Ok(n as i32)
            }
        }
    }
@@ -333,29 +364,316 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        Ok(self.resolve_component(value))
    }

-    // ---- drawing ------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    /// The visible custom bars (`/bossbar`), after the built-in ones.
-    pub(super) fn custom_bossbars(&self, bars: &mut Vec<hud_overlays::BossBar>) {
-        for b in self
-            .bosses
-            .bars
-            .bars
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|b| b.visible && b.player)
-        {
-            bars.push(hud_overlays::BossBar {
-                name: comp_text(&b.name),
-                progress: b.progress(),
-                color: bossbar::COLORS
+    /// Names of the online players in a boss bar's set, in join order.
+    fn bossbar_player_names(&self, players: &[[i32; 4]]) -> Vec<Text> {
+        self.known_boss_players()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|(uuid, _)| players.contains(uuid))
+            .map(|(_, name)| name)
+            .collect()
+    }
+    /// The players who can be told about a bar: the one in place, then guests.
+    fn known_boss_players(&self) -> Vec<([i32; 4], Text)> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        if self.player.is_some() {
+            out.push((self.acting_uuid(), self.target_name(Target::Player)));
+        }
+        if let Some(host) = &self.lan {
+            for g in host.hub.guests.iter().filter(|g| g.placed) {
+                let ints = horizon_client::lan::playerdata::uuid_ints(g.uuid);
+                if out.iter().any(|(uuid, _)| *uuid == ints) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                out.push((ints, Text::literal(g.name.clone())));
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    fn player_target_uuid(&self, target: Target) -> Option<[i32; 4]> {
+        match target {
+            Target::Player => Some(self.acting_uuid()),
+            Target::Guest(conn) => self.lan.as_ref().and_then(|h| {
+                h.hub
+                    .guests
                    .iter()
-                    .position(|c| *c == b.color)
-                    .unwrap_or(0),
-                overlay: bossbar::STYLES
-                    .iter()
-                    .position(|s| *s == b.style)
-                    .unwrap_or(0),
-            });
+                    .find(|g| g.conn == conn)
+                    .map(|g| horizon_client::lan::playerdata::uuid_ints(g.uuid))
+            }),
+            _ => None,
        }
    }
+
+    // ---- ServerBossEvent delivery ------------------------------------------------
+
+    /// Tell every viewer the boss events they should be seeing. The window
+    /// that simulates the world applies them to its own overlay; everyone
+    /// else gets `ClientboundBossEventPacket`s.
+    pub(super) fn publish_boss_bars(&mut self) {
+        if self.remote.is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.load_bossbars();
+        let now = boss_overlay::now_millis();
+        let viewers = self.boss_viewers();
+        let live: HashSet<u128> = viewers.iter().map(|v| v.uuid).collect();
+        self.bosses.sent.retain(|id, _| live.contains(id));
+        let mut packets = Vec::new();
+        for viewer in &viewers {
+            let desired = self.boss_events_for(viewer);
+            for event in self.diff_boss_events(viewer, desired) {
+                if viewer.local {
+                    self.boss_overlay.apply(&event, now);
+                } else if let Some(conn) = viewer.conn {
+                    packets.push((conn, C::BossEvent(event)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if packets.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(host) = self.lan.as_ref() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        for (conn, packet) in &packets {
+            host.hub.send_to(*conn, packet);
+        }
+    }
+    fn boss_viewers(&self) -> Vec<Viewer> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        // While `as_guest` has swapped a guest in, the host's own position
+        // is not in place. Their overlay updates once the tick puts it back.
+        let local =
+            self.serving.is_none() && self.options.dedicated.is_none() && self.lan_acting.is_none();
+        if local && let Some(p) = &self.player {
+            let ints = self.level.player_uuid.unwrap_or_else(|| self.acting_uuid());
+            out.push(Viewer {
+                uuid: horizon_client::lan::playerdata::ints_uuid(ints),
+                ints,
+                at: [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z],
+                alive: !p.health.dead_or_dying(),
+                here: true,
+                local: true,
+                conn: None,
+                view_chunks: self.settings.render_distance,
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(host) = &self.lan {
+            for g in host.hub.guests.iter().filter(|g| g.placed) {
+                if out.iter().any(|v| v.uuid == g.uuid) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                out.push(Viewer {
+                    uuid: g.uuid,
+                    ints: horizon_client::lan::playerdata::uuid_ints(g.uuid),
+                    at: g.position,
+                    alive: !g.dead,
+                    here: g.dimension == self.dim.id(),
+                    local: false,
+                    conn: Some(g.conn),
+                    view_chunks: g.view_distance,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    /// Custom bars (`CustomBossEvents.onPlayerConnect` sends them as a player
+    /// joins), then the dragon, withers and the raid.
+    fn boss_events_for(&self, viewer: &Viewer) -> Vec<Offer> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        for b in &self.bosses.bars.bars {
+            if !b.visible || !b.players.contains(&viewer.ints) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            out.push(Offer {
+                id: b.uuid,
+                name: json_to_tag(&b.name),
+                progress: b.progress(),
+                color: color_index(&b.color),
+                overlay: style_index(&b.style),
+                darken: b.darken,
+                music: b.music,
+                fog: b.fog,
+                scope: Scope::Global,
+            });
+        }
+        if viewer.here
+            && let Some(progress) = self.dragon_boss_progress(viewer.at, viewer.alive)
+        {
+            out.push(Offer {
+                id: bossbar::stable_uuid("minecraft:ender_dragon"),
+                name: translate_tag("entity.minecraft.ender_dragon"),
+                progress,
+                color: 0,
+                overlay: 0,
+                darken: false,
+                music: true,
+                fog: true,
+                scope: Scope::Level(self.dim),
+            });
+        }
+        if viewer.here {
+            let range = f64::from(10.min(viewer.view_chunks.max(0)) * 16);
+            for m in self
+                .mobs
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|m| m.species() == Species::Wither && m.alive() && !m.removed)
+            {
+                let (dx, dz) = (m.position.x - viewer.at[0], m.position.z - viewer.at[2]);
+                if dx * dx + dz * dz > range * range {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let progress = if m.extra.counter > 0 {
+                    1.0 - m.extra.counter as f32 / horizon_client::mobs::wither::INVULNERABLE as f32
+                } else {
+                    (m.health / m.attrs.max_health).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+                };
+                let name = if let Some(text) = &m.custom_name_text {
+                    json_to_tag(&text.component())
+                } else if let Some(name) = &m.custom_name {
+                    Tag::String(name.as_str().into())
+                } else {
+                    translate_tag("entity.minecraft.wither")
+                };
+                out.push(Offer {
+                    id: super::lan::entity_uuid(m.id),
+                    name,
+                    progress,
+                    color: 5,
+                    overlay: 0,
+                    darken: true,
+                    music: false,
+                    fog: false,
+                    scope: Scope::Level(self.dim),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        if viewer.here
+            && let Some((id, name, progress)) = self.raid_boss_at(viewer.at, viewer.alive)
+        {
+            out.push(Offer {
+                id: bossbar::stable_uuid(&format!("raid:{id}")),
+                name,
+                progress,
+                color: 2,
+                overlay: 2,
+                darken: false,
+                music: false,
+                fog: false,
+                scope: Scope::Level(self.dim),
+            });
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    /// The packets that take `viewer` from what it was last sent to `desired`
+    /// (`ServerBossEvent`'s broadcasts).
+    fn diff_boss_events(&mut self, viewer: &Viewer, desired: Vec<Offer>) -> Vec<play::BossEvent> {
+        let full = viewer.local;
+        let dim = self.dim;
+        let sent = self.bosses.sent.entry(viewer.uuid).or_default();
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        let event = |id, action| play::BossEvent { id, action };
+        sent.retain(|id, prev| {
+            let owned = full || prev.scope == Scope::Global || prev.scope == Scope::Level(dim);
+            let keep = !owned || desired.iter().any(|e| e.id == *id);
+            if !keep {
+                out.push(event(*id, BossAction::Remove));
+            }
+            keep
+        });
+        for offer in desired {
+            let Some(prev) = sent.get(&offer.id) else {
+                out.push(event(
+                    offer.id,
+                    BossAction::Add {
+                        name: offer.name.clone(),
+                        progress: offer.progress,
+                        color: offer.color,
+                        overlay: offer.overlay,
+                        darken: offer.darken,
+                        music: offer.music,
+                        fog: offer.fog,
+                    },
+                ));
+                sent.insert(offer.id, offer);
+                continue;
+            };
+            let id = offer.id;
+            if prev.progress != offer.progress {
+                let progress = offer.progress;
+                out.push(event(id, BossAction::UpdateProgress { progress }));
+            }
+            if prev.name != offer.name {
+                let name = offer.name.clone();
+                out.push(event(id, BossAction::UpdateName { name }));
+            }
+            if (prev.color, prev.overlay) != (offer.color, offer.overlay) {
+                let (color, overlay) = (offer.color, offer.overlay);
+                out.push(event(id, BossAction::UpdateStyle { color, overlay }));
+            }
+            if (prev.darken, prev.music, prev.fog) != (offer.darken, offer.music, offer.fog) {
+                let (darken, music, fog) = (offer.darken, offer.music, offer.fog);
+                out.push(event(
+                    id,
+                    BossAction::UpdateProperties { darken, music, fog },
+                ));
+            }
+            sent.insert(id, offer);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+    /// `ClientPacketListener.handleBossUpdate`.
+    pub(super) fn apply_boss_event(&mut self, packet: &play::BossEvent) {
+        self.boss_overlay.apply(packet, boss_overlay::now_millis());
+    }
+}
+
+/// `Mth.createInsecureUUID`.
+fn insecure_uuid(random: &mut impl RandomSource) -> u128 {
+    let most = random.next_long() & -61441 | 16384;
+    let least = random.next_long() & 4_611_686_018_427_387_903 | i64::MIN;
+    ((most as u64 as u128) << 64) | (least as u64 as u128)
+}
+fn translate_tag(key: &str) -> Tag {
+    Tag::compound([("translate", Tag::String(key.into()))])
+}
+fn color_index(color: &str) -> i32 {
+    bossbar::COLORS
+        .iter()
+        .position(|c| *c == color)
+        .unwrap_or(6) as i32
+}
+fn style_index(style: &str) -> i32 {
+    bossbar::STYLES
+        .iter()
+        .position(|s| *s == style)
+        .unwrap_or(0) as i32
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Scope {
+    Global,
+    Level(Dim),
+}
+struct Viewer {
+    uuid: u128,
+    ints: [i32; 4],
+    at: [f64; 3],
+    alive: bool,
+    here: bool,
+    local: bool,
+    conn: Option<u32>,
+    view_chunks: i32,
+}
+/// A boss event as one viewer should see it, and as it was last sent.
+struct Offer {
+    id: u128,
+    name: Tag,
+    progress: f32,
+    /// `BossBarColor` and `BossBarOverlay` ordinals.
+    color: i32,
+    overlay: i32,
+    darken: bool,
+    music: bool,
+    fog: bool,
+    scope: Scope,
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Chat, the command registries and the per-world state behind commands
 //! (game rules, the world clock, difficulty), bound to the game.
-use super::{Dim, Game, Screen};
+use super::{Game, Screen};
 use horizon_client::{
    chat::{Chat, ChatAction, ChatScreen, Commands, SYSTEM_INDICATOR},
    command::Registries,
@@ -570,8 +570,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// ChatScreen.handleChatInput: history, then a command or a chat line.
    pub(super) fn handle_chat_input(&mut self, message: &str) {
        self.ui.chat.add_recent(message);
-        // On a server (single player's own included) the server runs it.
+        // On a server (single player's own included) the server runs it,
+        // unless a client mod owns the command.
        if self.remote.is_some() {
+            if let Some(command) = message.strip_prefix('/')
+                && self.mod_command(command)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
            self.send_chat(message);
            return;
        }
@@ -695,10 +701,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// Advance the overworld clock (ServerClockManager.tick) when
    /// `advance_time` allows it.
    pub(super) fn advance_clock(&mut self) {
-        if !self.ui.rules.bool("advance_time")
-            || self.ui.clock.paused
-            || self.dim == Dim::Nether && false
-        {
+        if !self.ui.rules.bool("advance_time") || self.ui.clock.paused {
            return;
        }
        let c = &mut self.ui.clock;
@@ -819,8 +822,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            ("data", data),
            ("DataVersion", Tag::Int(horizon_world::DATA_VERSION)),
        ]);
-        let _ = horizon_client::save::write_dat(&path, root);
-        let _ = write_difficulty(&self.world_root, self.ui.difficulty);
+        if let Err(e) = horizon_client::save::write_dat(&path, root) {
+            log::warn!("the world clocks were not written: {e}");
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = write_difficulty(&self.world_root, self.ui.difficulty) {
+            log::warn!("the difficulty was not written: {e}");
+        }
    }
    /// Death message in chat (CombatTracker.getDeathMessage, as far as the
    /// cause is known to the client).
@@ -1082,6 +1082,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.for_player(t, |g| g.teleport_to(Target::Player, pos, rotation));
            }
            Target::Player => {
+                // ServerPlayer.teleport: removeVehicle before placing the player.
+                self.stop_riding();
                if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
                    p.position = v;
                    p.velocity = Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
@@ -1783,8 +1785,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.level_set(pos, state)
                .map_err(|e| CommandError::new(Text::literal(e.to_string())))?;
        }
+        // LevelChunk.setBlockState creates it when the block, not the state, is still
+        // there after onPlace: a powered hopper turns itself `enabled=false`.
+        let landed = self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]);
        if old != new
-            && self.world.block(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]) == state
+            && self.res.facts().get(landed).name == new
            && let Some(entity) = horizon_client::containers::BlockEntity::for_block(&new)
        {
            self.world.block_entities.insert(key, entity);
@@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                tag
            }
            Target::Mob(id) => {
-                let uuid = self.uuid_for(id);
-                let m = self.mobs.iter().find(|m| m.id == id)?;
-                entity_nbt::mob_to_nbt(m, uuid, self.persist.raw.get(&id))
+                // `saveWithoutId` writes the entity as saved, riders under
+                // `Passengers`: `/data get` reads the same tree persistence does (#1519).
+                let i = self.mobs.iter().position(|m| m.id == id)?;
+                self.mob_tree_nbt(i)
            }
            Target::Item(id) => {
                let uuid = self.uuid_for(id);
@@ -59,7 +59,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.recipe_unlocked(&unlocked);
                count as i32
            } else {
-                self.level.recipe_book.remove_recipes(index, &recipes) as i32
+                let removed = self.level.recipe_book.remove_recipes(index, &recipes);
+                let count = removed.len() as i32;
+                // A network player's client drops them from its book.
+                if self.lan_acting.is_some() && !removed.is_empty() {
+                    self.guest_packets.push(C::RecipeBookRemove(
+                        horizon_protocol::packets::recipes::RecipeBookRemove { ids: removed },
+                    ));
+                }
+                count
            };
            tracker.track(&h, n);
        }
@@ -345,7 +353,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            Some(Arg::Resource(s)) => Some(s.clone()),
            _ => None,
        };
-        self.audio.stop_sounds(sound.as_deref(), source);
+        // StopSoundCommand: each target's connection gets the packet; the
+        // window's own player stops its sounds.
+        let packet = C::StopSound(play::StopSound {
+            source: source.map(|s| s as i32),
+            sound: sound.clone(),
+        });
+        for &t in &targets {
+            match t {
+                Target::Player if self.lan_acting.is_some() => {
+                    self.guest_packets.push(packet.clone());
+                }
+                Target::Player => self.audio.stop_sounds(sound.as_deref(), source),
+                Target::Guest(conn) => {
+                    if let Some(host) = self.lan.as_ref() {
+                        host.hub.send_to(conn, &packet);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
        let key = match (source, &sound) {
            (Some(_), Some(_)) => "commands.stopsound.success.source.sound",
            (Some(_), None) => "commands.stopsound.success.source.any",
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if self.state_in_tag(avoid, ground) {
            return false;
        }
-        let entities = self.happy_ghast_player_collisions();
+        let entities = self.player_entity_collisions();
        let Some(player) = self.player.as_mut() else {
            return false;
        };
@@ -226,6 +226,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                }
                Ok(Some(json!({ "ok": true, "cull": r.section_cull() })))
            }
+            "section-sides" => {
+                let r = self.renderer.as_mut().ok_or("no renderer")?;
+                match words.get(1).copied() {
+                    None => {}
+                    Some("on") => r.set_section_sides(true),
+                    Some("off") => r.set_section_sides(false),
+                    Some(other) => return Err(format!("unknown section sides mode {other}").into()),
+                }
+                Ok(Some(json!({ "ok": true, "sides": r.section_sides() })))
+            }
            "sculk" => Ok(Some(self.sculk_command(&words)?)),
            "status" => Ok(Some(self.control_status())),
            "pad" => Ok(Some(self.pad_command(&words)?)),
@@ -589,7 +599,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    "credits" => Page::Credits,
                    "horizon" => Page::Horizon,
                    "agent" => Page::Agent,
-                    "shader-packs" => Page::ShaderPacks,
                    other => return Err(format!("unknown options page {other}").into()),
                };
                if self.screen == Screen::Playing && self.title.is_none() {
@@ -982,6 +991,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        status["destroying"] = json!(destroying);
        status["physical_keys"] = json!(physical_keys);
        status["heard"] = json!(self.audio.heard);
+        status["stopped_sounds"] = json!(self.audio.stopped);
        // Boats, minecarts, armor stands, item frames and paintings.
        status["objects"] = json!(self.objects_status());
        status["lightning"] = json!({"bolts": self.bolts.len(), "struck": self.lightning_seen[0],
@@ -978,7 +978,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        m.ai.target = Some(target);
                    }
                }
-                MobEvent::Projectile(p) => {
+                MobEvent::Projectile(mut p) => {
+                    self.next_entity += 1;
+                    p.id = self.next_entity;
                    let (owner, at) = (p.owner, [p.position.x, p.position.y, p.position.z]);
                    self.creatures.projectiles.push(p);
                    self.projectile_event("minecraft:projectile_shoot", owner, at);
@@ -1496,12 +1498,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                o.hurt
            }
        {
-            let (xd, zd) = (from[0] - player.position.x, from[2] - player.position.z);
-            self.knock_back_player(f64::from(0.4_f32), xd, zd);
-            if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
-                && let Some(r) = p.hurt_log.last_mut()
-            {
-                r.knockback = Some([p.velocity.x, p.velocity.y, p.velocity.z]);
+            // LivingEntity.hurtServer's dealDefaultKnockback: not inside the
+            // hurt cooldown (a stronger hit there only adds its difference).
+            if o.knockback {
+                let (xd, zd) = (from[0] - player.position.x, from[2] - player.position.z);
+                self.knock_back_player(f64::from(0.4_f32), xd, zd);
+                if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut()
+                    && let Some(r) = p.hurt_log.last_mut()
+                {
+                    r.knockback = Some([p.velocity.x, p.velocity.y, p.velocity.z]);
+                }
            }
            self.hurt_armor(amount);
            self.thorns(from);
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl DebugHost for Host<'_, '_> {
        // the menu as it always has (key_pressed).
        let g = &mut *self.game;
        if without_menu && g.screen == Screen::Playing {
-            g.pause_menu = !(g.has_singleplayer_server() && !g.is_published());
+            g.pause_menu = !g.has_singleplayer_server() || g.is_published();
            g.screen = Screen::Paused;
            g.capture(false);
            g.mining = None;
@@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            return true;
        }
-        // Screens with a text box take every key press first
-        // (EditBox.keyPressed); releases still reach KeyboardHandler.
+        // Vanilla types into a focused EditBox through charTyped, which no
+        // debug key can swallow. Here the character comes with the key press,
+        // so a screen with a focused text box takes every press first;
+        // releases still reach KeyboardHandler.
        let typing = matches!(
            self.screen,
            Screen::Chat | Screen::Options | Screen::WorldOptions | Screen::CommandBlock
@@ -91,7 +93,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            || self.book.is_some()
            || (self.screen == Screen::Creative && self.creative_screen.tab().search)
            || self.recipe_search_focused()
-            || self.station_typing();
+            || self.station_typing()
+            || self
+                .title
+                .as_mut()
+                .is_some_and(|t| t.focused_field().is_some());
        // Container screens use Escape, the inventory key and the hotbar and
        // drop keys first; any other screen closes on Escape.
        let screen_key = match self.screen {
@@ -179,7 +185,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                // Minecraft.emergencySaveAndCrash: the world is saved, then the
                // game stops; main writes the crash report.
                let crash = horizon_client::crash::DebugCrash::new();
-                let _ = self.save_game();
+                if let Err(e) = self.save_game() {
+                    log::error!("the emergency save before the crash failed: {e}");
+                }
                return Err(crash.into());
            }
        }
@@ -593,7 +601,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            DebugAction::ReloadResourcePacks => {
                self.debug_translated("debug.reload_resourcepacks.message");
                self.reload_packs();
-                self.load_shader_pack();
                true
            }
            DebugAction::CopyLocation if player => {
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //! its simulation and the play-state hub that LAN hosting uses, configured
 //! from server.properties, with the operator, whitelist and ban lists and a
 //! console on standard input.
-use super::{Game, Options, lan::LanSettings};
+use super::{Game, Options, lan::LanSettings, world_loading::WorldRequest};
 use horizon_client::{
    Result,
    lan::{LoginGate, NetConfig, NetLog, OnlineMode, hub::HubConfig},
@@ -218,21 +218,22 @@ impl Lists {
            use_whitelist: false,
            enforce_whitelist: false,
        };
+        // DedicatedPlayerList's constructor order and its LOGGER.warn lines.
        let warn = |what: &str, r: std::result::Result<(), String>| {
            if let Err(e) = r {
-                log("WARN", &format!("Failed to load {what}: {e}"));
+                log("WARN", &format!("Failed to {what}: {e}"));
            }
        };
-        // DedicatedPlayerList's constructor order.
-        warn("user banlist", l.bans.load());
-        let _ = l.bans.save();
-        warn("ip banlist", l.ip_bans.load());
-        let _ = l.ip_bans.save();
-        warn("operators list", l.ops.load());
-        warn("white-list", l.white.load());
-        let _ = l.ops.save();
+        let saved = |r: std::io::Result<()>| r.map_err(|e| e.to_string());
+        warn("load user banlist", l.bans.load());
+        warn("save user banlist", saved(l.bans.save()));
+        warn("load ip banlist", l.ip_bans.load());
+        warn("save ip banlist", saved(l.ip_bans.save()));
+        warn("load operators list", l.ops.load());
+        warn("load white-list", l.white.load());
+        warn("save operators list", saved(l.ops.save()));
        if !l.white.file.exists() {
-            let _ = l.white.save();
+            warn("save white-list", saved(l.white.save()));
        }
        l
    }
@@ -546,13 +547,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let lists = Arc::new(Mutex::new(lists));
        log("INFO", &format!("Preparing level \"{level_name}\""));
        let folder = world_dir.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-        self.open_world(
+        self.load_world(WorldRequest::new(
            &folder,
            Some(&level_name),
            Some(props.seed),
            game_mode == 1,
            None,
-        )?;
+        )?)?;
        if new_world {
            self.level.hardcore = props.hardcore;
        }
@@ -608,6 +609,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                lang: Arc::new(horizon_client::net::load_language(&self.options.resources)),
                log_ips: props.log_ips,
            }),
+            resource_pack: props.resource_pack.clone(),
        };
        let config = HubConfig {
            default_game_mode: game_mode,
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use horizon_client::{
    hud_layout, hud_overlays,
    mesher::Vertex,
    particles::{ParticleOptions, ParticleType},
-    text::Text,
 };
 use horizon_core::{
    geometry::{Aabb, Vec3},
@@ -2157,23 +2156,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            });
        }
    }
-    /// `BossHealthOverlay`: the dragon's pink bar, then the withers', the
-    /// raids' and the custom bars, in that order.
+    /// `BossHealthOverlay.extractRenderState`: whatever `publish_boss_bars`
+    /// (or a server's packets) put on this client's overlay.
    pub(super) fn draw_boss_bars(&self, batch: &mut HudBatch) {
-        let mut bars = Vec::new();
-        if let Some(d) = self.dragon.as_ref().filter(|_| self.dragon_bar_shown()) {
-            bars.push(hud_overlays::BossBar {
-                name: Text::literal(
-                    self.translate("entity.minecraft.ender_dragon", "Ender Dragon"),
-                ),
-                progress: (d.health / MAX_HEALTH).clamp(0.0, 1.0),
-                color: 0,
-                overlay: 0,
-            });
-        }
-        self.wither_bars(&mut bars);
-        self.raid_bars(&mut bars);
-        self.custom_bossbars(&mut bars);
+        let bars = self
+            .boss_overlay
+            .bars(horizon_client::boss_overlay::now_millis());
        let draws = hud_overlays::boss_overlay(
            batch.width as i32,
            batch.height as i32,
@@ -2182,14 +2170,26 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        );
        hud_layout::paint(batch, &self.gui.atlas, &draws);
    }
-    /// The dragon fight's boss bar shows (`EnderDragonFight.dragonEvent`,
-    /// with `setCreateWorldFog`).
-    pub(super) fn dragon_bar_shown(&self) -> bool {
-        self.dim == Dim::End && self.dragon.is_some()
+    /// The dragon fight's bar for a player at `at`
+    /// (`EnderDragonFight.dragonEvent`, visible while the fight is not won
+    /// and the player is alive within 192 blocks of (0, 128, 0)).
+    pub(super) fn dragon_boss_progress(&self, at: [f64; 3], alive: bool) -> Option<f32> {
+        if self.dim != Dim::End || !alive || !self.fight.loaded || self.fight.killed {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let near = at[0].powi(2) + (at[1] - 128.0).powi(2) + at[2].powi(2) <= 192.0 * 192.0;
+        if !near {
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some(
+            self.dragon
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or(1.0, |d| (d.health / MAX_HEALTH).clamp(0.0, 1.0)),
+        )
    }
-    /// `music.dragon` while the boss bar plays music.
+    /// `BossHealthOverlay.shouldPlayMusic`.
    pub(super) fn boss_music(&self) -> bool {
-        self.dim == Dim::End && self.dragon.is_some() || self.wither_near()
+        self.boss_overlay.should_play_music()
    }
 }
 pub(super) struct DragonFireball {
@@ -121,11 +121,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let bonus = if knockback_attack { 0.5 } else { 0.0 };
        (enchanted / 2.0 + bonus, knockback_attack)
    }
-    /// `causeExtraKnockback`'s direction, `(sin yRot, -cos yRot)`: the target
-    /// flies where the attacker looks, not away from it.
+    /// `causeExtraKnockback`'s direction, `(sin yRot, -cos yRot)` from Mth's
+    /// sine table: the target flies where the attacker looks, not away from
+    /// it (straight along an axis when the attacker faces one).
    pub(super) fn extra_knockback_direction(&self) -> (f64, f64) {
-        let yaw = self.yaw.to_radians();
-        (f64::from(yaw.sin()), -f64::from(yaw.cos()))
+        use horizon_core::geometry::trig;
+        let yaw = f64::from(self.yaw * trig::DEG_TO_RAD);
+        (f64::from(trig::sin(yaw)), -f64::from(trig::cos(yaw)))
    }
    /// The attacker's side of `causeExtraKnockback` as the attacking client
    /// sees it: the server's player stops sprinting, and its flag reaches the
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//! A Game's execution role is fixed at construction. Connecting or disconnecting
+//! changes `remote`, not this role. A client may simulate a world in-frame.
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum ExecutionRole {
+    Client,
+    IntegratedServer,
+    DedicatedServer,
+}
+
+impl ExecutionRole {
+    /// Only a client owns presentation work (audio, loading UI, chunk meshes).
+    pub fn is_client(self) -> bool {
+        self == Self::Client
+    }
+
+    /// The optional in-frame simulation remains a client execution mode.
+    pub fn starts_integrated_server(self, server_thread: bool) -> bool {
+        self.is_client() && server_thread
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::ExecutionRole::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn world_loading_keeps_in_frame_clients_and_server_roles_separate() {
+        for (role, client, threaded) in [
+            (Client, true, true),
+            (IntegratedServer, false, false),
+            (DedicatedServer, false, false),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(role.is_client(), client);
+            assert_eq!(role.starts_integrated_server(true), threaded);
+            assert!(!role.starts_integrated_server(false));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            Action::Copy => self.friends_copy(),
            Action::Stop => self.friends_stop(),
-            // The system browser, as the Shader Packs page opens its folder.
+            // The system browser, as the folder buttons open their folders.
            Action::Help => {
                if let Some(url) = &view.help {
                    super::packs::open_folder(std::path::Path::new(url));
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 //! box each, and Done sending the changed ones (ServerboundSetGameRulePacket).
 //! Leaving with changes asks first (ConfirmScreen).
 use horizon_client::{
+    confirm_screen::Confirm,
    font::Font,
    gamerules::{self, GameRules, RULES, Rule, Value},
    hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
@@ -66,9 +67,6 @@ fn parse(r: &Rule, s: &str) -> Option<i32> {
        .flatten()
        .filter(|v| (r.min..=r.max).contains(v))
 }
-fn widest(font: &Font, lines: &[Text]) -> f32 {
-    lines.iter().map(|l| font.width_text(l)).fold(0.0, f32::max)
-}
 fn lines(font: &Font, t: &Text, width: f32) -> Vec<Text> {
    font.split_lines(t, width)
        .into_iter()
@@ -95,38 +93,11 @@ fn yellow() -> u32 {
    named_color("yellow").unwrap_or(0xFFFF55)
 }

-/// ConfirmScreen: the title, the message (at most `width - 50` wide), and
-/// Yes / No 16 below, 4 apart, all centred.
-struct Confirm {
-    lines: Vec<(Text, f32, f32)>,
-    buttons: [(f32, f32); 2],
-}
-impl Confirm {
-    fn new(font: &Font, (w, h): (f32, f32)) -> Self {
-        let title = Text::translate("editGamerule.inGame.discardChanges.title", &[]);
-        let message = Text::translate("editGamerule.inGame.discardChanges.message", &[]);
-        let message: Vec<Text> = lines(font, &message, w - 50.0)
-            .into_iter()
-            .take(15)
-            .collect();
-        let (tw, mw) = (font.width_text(&title), widest(font, &message));
-        let mh = 9.0 * message.len() as f32;
-        let col = tw.max(mw).max(304.0);
-        let total = 9.0 + 8.0 + mh + 8.0 + 36.0;
-        let (lx, ly) = (((w - col) / 2.0).trunc(), ((h - total) / 2.0).trunc());
-        let cell = |cw: f32| lx + ((col - cw) / 2.0).trunc();
-        let mid = cell(mw) + (mw / 2.0).trunc();
-        let mut out = vec![(title, cell(tw), ly)];
-        for (i, line) in message.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            let x = mid - (font.width_text(&line) / 2.0).trunc();
-            out.push((line, x, ly + 17.0 + 9.0 * i as f32));
-        }
-        let (bx, by) = (cell(304.0), ly + 9.0 + 8.0 + mh + 8.0 + 16.0);
-        Self {
-            lines: out,
-            buttons: [(bx, by), (bx + 154.0, by)],
-        }
-    }
+/// ConfirmScreen "Game Rule Changes".
+fn confirm(font: &Font, size: (f32, f32)) -> Confirm {
+    let title = Text::translate("editGamerule.inGame.discardChanges.title", &[]);
+    let message = Text::translate("editGamerule.inGame.discardChanges.message", &[]);
+    Confirm::new(font, size, &title, &message)
 }

 impl RulesScreen {
@@ -301,13 +272,10 @@ impl RulesScreen {
        let (w, h) = size;
        let on = |x: f32, y: f32, bw: f32, bh: f32| ui::hovered(cursor, x, y, bw, bh);
        if self.confirm {
-            let c = Confirm::new(&atlas.font, size);
-            let [(yx, yy), (nx, ny)] = c.buttons;
-            if on(yx, yy, 150.0, 20.0) {
-                return Some(Exit::Discard);
-            }
-            if on(nx, ny, 150.0, 20.0) {
-                self.confirm = false;
+            match confirm(&atlas.font, size).answer_at(cursor) {
+                Some(true) => return Some(Exit::Discard),
+                Some(false) => self.confirm = false,
+                None => {}
            }
            return None;
        }
@@ -367,7 +335,7 @@ impl RulesScreen {
        let (w, h) = size;
        let on = |(x, y): (f32, f32)| ui::hovered(cursor, x, y, 150.0, 20.0);
        if self.confirm {
-            return Confirm::new(&atlas.font, size).buttons.into_iter().any(on);
+            return confirm(&atlas.font, size).answer_at(cursor).is_some();
        }
        let [done, cancel] = footer(w, h);
        if (on(done) && !self.invalid()) || on(cancel) {
@@ -384,15 +352,11 @@ impl RulesScreen {
        let (w, h) = (batch.width, batch.height);
        ui::menu_background(batch, atlas, 0.0, 0.0, w, h, true);
        if self.confirm {
-            let c = Confirm::new(&atlas.font, (w, h));
-            for (line, x, y) in &c.lines {
-                batch.text_styled(atlas, line, *x, *y, u32::MAX, true);
-            }
-            for ((bx, by), key) in c.buttons.into_iter().zip(["gui.yes", "gui.no"]) {
-                let hover = ui::hovered(cursor, bx, by, 150.0, 20.0);
-                let label = Text::translate(key, &[]);
-                ui::button(batch, atlas, bx, by, 150.0, 20.0, &label, true, hover);
-            }
+            let labels = [
+                Text::translate("gui.yes", &[]),
+                Text::translate("gui.no", &[]),
+            ];
+            confirm(&atlas.font, (w, h)).draw(batch, atlas, cursor, [&labels[0], &labels[1]]);
            return;
        }
        let rows = self.rows();
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ use horizon_core::geometry::{Aabb, Vec3};
 use horizon_world::registry::BlockStateId;

 impl Game<'_> {
-    /// Client `EntityGetter.getEntityCollisions`: only solid happy ghasts,
-    /// excluding the player's own vehicle.
-    pub(super) fn happy_ghast_player_collisions(&self) -> Vec<Aabb> {
+    /// Client `EntityGetter.getEntityCollisions` for the player: the
+    /// entities that `canBeCollidedWith` it, solid happy ghasts and boats
+    /// (`AbstractBoat.canBeCollidedWith`), except the player's own vehicle.
+    pub(super) fn player_entity_collisions(&self) -> Vec<Aabb> {
        let Some(p) = &self.player else {
            return Vec::new();
        };
@@ -24,6 +25,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    && happy_ghast::collides_with_player(m, p.position.y)
            })
            .map(|m| m.bounds())
+            .chain(
+                self.boats
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|b| Some(b.id) != self.riding)
+                    .map(super::boats::Boat::bounds),
+            )
            .collect()
    }
    /// `HappyGhast.mobInteract`. Returns whether the click was used.
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 //! way.
 use super::{
    Game, Options, PackResources, Resources, UiResources,
+    execution_role::ExecutionRole,
    lan::{LanSettings, Owner},
+    world_loading::WorldRequest,
 };
 use horizon_client::{
    Result,
@@ -26,7 +28,6 @@ use horizon_protocol::connection::Pipe;
 use horizon_protocol::{crypto::offline_uuid, text::translatable};
 use std::{
    net::TcpListener,
-    path::Path,
    sync::{
        Arc, Mutex,
        atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicI32, AtomicU16, AtomicU32, Ordering},
@@ -170,11 +171,6 @@ struct Launch {
    player: String,
 }

-/// Whether this world opens on a server thread: asked for.
-pub(super) fn wanted(options: &Options, _world: &Path) -> bool {
-    options.server_thread && options.dedicated.is_none()
-}
-
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// `Minecraft.hasSingleplayerServer`: a world of this window's own, run
    /// in the frame or on its server thread.
@@ -215,9 +211,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        };
        let mut options = self.options.clone();
        // A server without a console: no local player, no window, no control socket.
+        // Compatibility for gameplay checks outside startup/world loading.
        options.dedicated = Some(Vec::new());
        options.server_thread = false;
-        options.integrated = true;
+        options.execution_role = ExecutionRole::IntegratedServer;
        options.control = None;
        options.benchmark = None;
        options.frames = None;
@@ -287,13 +284,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        tasks: Receiver<Task>,
        ready: &Sender<Ready>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.open_world(
+        self.load_world(WorldRequest::new(
            &launch.folder,
            launch.name.as_deref(),
            launch.seed,
            launch.creative,
            launch.create.as_ref(),
-        )?;
+        )?)?;
        let saved = Box::new(self.level.clone());
        // Math.max(2, options.renderDistance): past vanilla's 32 when the
        // window's render distance is (Horizon's options go to 64).
@@ -496,6 +493,22 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        out
    }

+    /// Run `f` with the owner's level in place (the server holds one per
+    /// dimension), then put back the level that was.
+    pub(super) fn in_owner_level<T>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> T) -> T {
+        let owner = self.serving.as_ref().map(|s| s.owner);
+        let dim = self.lan.as_ref().and_then(|h| {
+            let g = h.hub.guests.iter().find(|g| Some(g.uuid) == owner)?;
+            Some(super::Dim::from_id(&g.dimension))
+        });
+        let back = dim.and_then(|d| self.enter_command_level(d));
+        let out = f(self);
+        if let Some(back) = back {
+            self.enter_command_level(back);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
    /// The window's requests, between two ticks.
    fn run_tasks(&mut self) {
        let tasks: Vec<Task> = match &self.serving {
@@ -834,8 +834,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.lan_object_states(host_entity, hub, out);
    }

-    /// Run the hub for this tick and apply what the guests did.
-    pub(super) fn tick_lan(&mut self) {
+    /// Run the hub for this tick and apply what the guests did. While the
+    /// single player game is `paused` only the connections run
+    /// (`IntegratedServer.tickPaused`): `ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.tick`
+    /// skips `tickPlayer`, so no player's air, hunger or damage moves on.
+    pub(super) fn tick_lan(&mut self, paused: bool) {
        let Some(mut host) = self.lan.take() else {
            return;
        };
@@ -1000,7 +1003,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            host.states = states;
        }
        self.lan_flush_effects(&mut host);
-        self.tick_guests(&mut host);
+        if !paused {
+            self.tick_guests(&mut host);
+        }
        self.lan_living_flags(&mut host);
        self.tick_server_travel(&mut host);
        self.lan_swings(&mut host);
@@ -1277,10 +1277,24 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        id: i32,
        location: Option<[f64; 3]>,
    ) -> Option<([f64; 3], [f64; 3])> {
+        let eye = {
+            let g = &host.hub.guests[gi];
+            [g.position[0], g.position[1] + g.eye_height(), g.position[2]]
+        };
        let object = || {
            let (lo, hi, origin) = self.object_target(id)?;
            let middle = [0, 1, 2].map(|k| (lo[k] + hi[k]) / 2.0);
            let Some(l) = location else {
+                // A boat's mobs sit over its middle: aim low at its near
+                // side, so the ray meets the boat before them (the server
+                // attacks the entity it is sent).
+                let carries = u32::try_from(id).is_ok_and(|v| {
+                    self.boats.iter().any(|b| b.id == v) && !self.boat_mobs(v).is_empty()
+                });
+                if carries {
+                    let near = |k: usize| eye[k].clamp(lo[k] + 0.01, hi[k] - 0.01);
+                    return Some([near(0), lo[1] + 0.05, near(2)]);
+                }
                return Some(middle);
            };
            let point = [0, 1, 2].map(|k| origin[k] + l[k]);
@@ -1311,7 +1325,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
        };
        let g = &mut host.hub.guests[gi];
-        let eye = [g.position[0], g.position[1] + g.eye_height(), g.position[2]];
        let d = [centre[0] - eye[0], centre[1] - eye[1], centre[2] - eye[2]];
        let horizontal = (d[0] * d[0] + d[2] * d[2]).sqrt();
        g.yaw = (-d[0].atan2(d[2])).to_degrees() as f32;
@@ -1713,6 +1726,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        g.use_delay -= 1;
                    }
                });
+                // ServerPlayerGameMode.handleBlockBreakAction: a creative
+                // player's START breaks the block once (destroyAndAck) and
+                // leaves nothing being destroyed; its client sends no STOP.
+                // Kept, the dig broke whatever was put there next, every
+                // destroy delay, for as long as the player broke nothing else.
+                if digging.is_some()
+                    && host.hub.guests[gi].creative()
+                    && let Some(play) = host.play.get_mut(&conn)
+                {
+                    play.digging = None;
+                }
            }
            // Player.tick: a different main-hand item resets the attack
            // strength, and detectEquipmentUpdates gives the guest its modifiers.
@@ -1915,7 +1939,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let in_wall = !g.sleeping && self.in_wall(g.position, g.eye_height());
        let at = g.position;
        let sneaking = g.sneaking;
-        let sounds = self.as_guest(host, conn, |game| {
+        let events = self.as_guest(host, conn, |game| {
            let (rules, motion) = (game.world.health_rules, game.motion);
            let health = &motion.health;
            let Some(player) = game.player.as_mut() else {
@@ -2012,20 +2036,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            // A hurt since the last tick marked the velocity (Entity.markHurt):
            // ServerEntity.sendChanges sends it as it is after this travel.
            let marked = std::mem::take(&mut player.health.sync_velocity);
-            let sounds = events
-                .into_iter()
-                .filter_map(|e| match e {
-                    MotionEvent::HurtSound(sound) => Some(sound),
-                    _ => None,
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            (sounds, marked.then_some(player.velocity))
+            (events, marked.then_some(player.velocity))
        });
-        let Some((sounds, marked)) = sounds else {
+        let Some((events, marked)) = events else {
            return;
        };
-        for sound in sounds {
-            self.player_hurt_sound(sound, at);
+        for event in events {
+            match event {
+                MotionEvent::HurtSound(sound) => self.player_hurt_sound(sound, at),
+                MotionEvent::Fall(event) => self.landing_block_updates(&event),
+                _ => {}
+            }
        }
        if let (Some(v), Some(g)) = (marked, host.hub.guest(conn)) {
            g.send(&C::SetEntityMotion(play::SetEntityMotion {
@@ -2428,6 +2449,32 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            .map_or(&[][..], |log| log.get(logged..).unwrap_or(&[]))
            .to_vec();
        let facts = self.res.facts();
+        // BlockItem.place: `playSound(player, ...)`, for the others only. The
+        // placer's client plays it as its block appears.
+        let placed: Vec<([f64; 3], String)> = changed
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&(x, y, z)| {
+                let at = [f64::from(x) + 0.5, f64::from(y) + 0.5, f64::from(z) + 0.5];
+                let name = &facts.get(self.world.block(x, y, z)).sounds.place;
+                (at, name.trim_start_matches("minecraft:").to_owned())
+            })
+            .collect();
+        if let Some(capture) = self.audio.capture.as_mut() {
+            let mut i = heard.min(capture.len());
+            while i < capture.len() {
+                let (name, at, ..) = &capture[i];
+                let place = placed
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|(p, n)| p == at && name.trim_start_matches("minecraft:") == n.as_str());
+                if place {
+                    let (name, at, volume, pitch) = capture.remove(i);
+                    let source = horizon_client::settings::sound_source(&name) as i32;
+                    host.hub.sound(&name, at, volume, pitch, source, Some(conn));
+                } else {
+                    i += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
        if changed.is_empty()
            || !changed.iter().all(|&(x, y, z)| {
                super::remote::hand_operated(&facts.get(self.world.block(x, y, z)).name)
@@ -48,10 +48,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        if let Some(id) = state.mob
            && state.session.villager
        {
-            // startTrading with the guest's reputation (their effects are
-            // not modelled on the host: no Hero of the Village).
+            // startTrading with the guest's reputation. The session already
+            // captured their Hero effect while they acted as the player.
            state.session.reputation = self.villager_reputation_of(id, uuid);
-            state.session.hero = None;
            state.session.update_special_prices();
        }
        let title = self.merchant_display_name(&state);
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //! here with the rider's input (`ServerPlayer.getLastClientMoveIntent`).
 //! Sneaking gets out (`Player.rideTick`: `wantsToStopRiding`), and the client
 //! is teleported where the player lands (`ServerPlayer.dismountTo`).
-use super::{Game, Keys, boats::SEAT, lan::LanHost};
+use super::{Game, Keys, lan::LanHost, minecarts::SEAT};
 use horizon_client::collisions::SceneCollisions;
 use horizon_core::geometry::{Aabb, Vec3};
 use horizon_protocol::{
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    game.dismount(i);
                    return None;
                }
-                let p = game.boats[i].position;
-                return Some([p.x, p.y + SEAT, p.z]);
+                let p = game.player_boat_seat(i);
+                return Some([p.x, p.y, p.z]);
            }
            // The minecart moves with the rider's input, and lets it out when
            // it sneaks or the cart breaks. An animal takes the rider's input
@@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let at = self
            .boats
            .iter()
-            .find(|b| b.id == vehicle)
-            .map(|b| b.position)
+            .position(|b| b.id == vehicle)
+            .map(|i| (self.boats[i].position, self.player_boat_seat(i)))
            .or_else(|| {
                self.carts
                    .iter()
                    .find(|c| c.id == vehicle)
-                    .map(|c| c.position)
+                    .map(|c| (c.position, c.position.add_vector(Vec3::new(0.0, SEAT, 0.0))))
            });
-        if let Some(p) = at {
+        if let Some((p, seat)) = at {
            let g = &mut host.hub.guests[gi];
            g.vehicle_good = Some([p.x, p.y, p.z]);
            g.previous_position = g.position;
-            g.position = [p.x, p.y + SEAT, p.z];
+            g.position = [seat.x, seat.y, seat.z];
            g.on_ground = false;
            return;
        }
@@ -205,7 +205,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return;
        };
        let [x, y, z] = p.position;
-        if !(x.is_finite() && y.is_finite() && z.is_finite())
+        if !x.is_finite()
+            || !y.is_finite()
+            || !z.is_finite()
            || !p.yaw.is_finite()
            || !p.pitch.is_finite()
        {
@@ -287,10 +289,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        b.previous_yaw = b.yaw;
        b.yaw = p.yaw;
        b.on_ground = p.on_ground;
+        let seat = self.player_boat_seat(i);
        let g = &mut host.hub.guests[gi];
        g.vehicle_good = Some([target.x, target.y, target.z]);
        g.previous_position = g.position;
-        g.position = [target.x, target.y + SEAT, target.z];
+        g.position = [seat.x, seat.y, seat.z];
    }

    /// `handlePaddleBoat`: the paddles of the boat the player drives.
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// holds it (`self.lan` is taken during the network tick).
    pub(super) fn enter_level(&mut self, host: Option<&mut LanHost>, target: Dim) -> Result<()> {
        // The in-frame game keeps its one level (`enter_dimension`).
-        if self.options.dedicated.is_none() {
+        if self.options.execution_role.is_client() {
            return Ok(());
        }
        if target != self.dim {
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// nobody is in it; returns the level to put back afterwards. Only a
    /// server holds other levels.
    pub(super) fn enter_command_level(&mut self, dim: Dim) -> Option<Dim> {
-        if self.options.dedicated.is_none() || dim == self.dim {
+        if self.options.execution_role.is_client() || dim == self.dim {
            return None;
        }
        let back = self.dim;
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.update_dedicated_streaming();
            self.update_world();
            result = if paused {
-                self.tick_lan();
+                self.tick_lan(true);
                Ok(())
            } else if k == 0 {
                self.tick()
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn display_offset(kind: CartKind) -> f64 {
    if kind == CartKind::Hopper { 1.0 } else { 6.0 }
 }
 /// The minecart's passenger attachment minus Player.DEFAULT_VEHICLE_ATTACHMENT.
-const SEAT: f64 = 0.1875 - 0.6;
+pub(super) const SEAT: f64 = 0.1875 - 0.6;
 /// The placeholder container key under which an open cart's items live.
 pub(super) const CART_KEY_Y: i32 = -100_000;

@@ -686,40 +686,53 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
        }
    }
-    /// `AbstractMinecart.push(player)` when the player walks into a cart.
+    /// `AbstractMinecart.push` from each player walking into a cart
+    /// (`LivingEntity.pushEntities`): the window's player and every server
+    /// player (single player's own on its server thread, LAN guests). A
+    /// player in a vehicle pushes nothing here. The quarter push the player
+    /// gets back only moves the server's copy of it (`Entity.push` marks
+    /// `needsSync`, which `ServerEntity` sends to the other players only),
+    /// so no player feels it.
    fn push_carts(&mut self) {
-        let player = self.player.as_ref().map(|p| p.position);
-        let riding = self.riding;
-        for i in 0..self.carts.len() {
-            if Some(self.carts[i].id) == riding {
-                continue;
+        if self.carts.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        // (feet, box)
+        let mut pushers: Vec<(Vec3, Aabb)> = Vec::new();
+        if self.riding.is_none()
+            && let Some(p) = self.player.as_ref()
+        {
+            pushers.push((p.position, p.bounds()));
+        }
+        if let Some(host) = self.lan.as_ref() {
+            for g in host.hub.guests.iter().filter(|g| {
+                host.hub.here(g) && g.loaded && !g.dead && !g.spectator() && g.vehicle.is_none()
+            }) {
+                let [x, y, z] = g.position;
+                let height = if g.sneaking { 1.5 } else { 1.8 };
+                let bb = Aabb::new(
+                    Vec3::new(x - 0.3, y, z - 0.3),
+                    Vec3::new(x + 0.3, y + height, z + 0.3),
+                );
+                pushers.push((Vec3::new(x, y, z), bb));
            }
-            if let Some(pp) = player {
-                let bb = self.carts[i].bounds();
-                let (lo, hi) = (bb.min_position(), bb.max_position());
-                let touching = pp.x + 0.3 > lo.x
-                    && pp.x - 0.3 < hi.x
-                    && pp.z + 0.3 > lo.z
-                    && pp.z - 0.3 < hi.z
-                    && pp.y + 1.8 > lo.y
-                    && pp.y < hi.y;
-                if touching && riding.is_none() {
-                    let c = &mut self.carts[i];
-                    let (mut xa, mut za) = (pp.x - c.position.x, pp.z - c.position.z);
-                    let dd = xa * xa + za * za;
-                    if dd >= 1.0e-4 {
-                        let d = dd.sqrt();
-                        let pow = (1.0 / d).min(1.0);
-                        xa = xa / d * pow * f64::from(0.1f32) * 0.5;
-                        za = za / d * pow * f64::from(0.1f32) * 0.5;
-                        c.velocity.x -= xa;
-                        c.velocity.z -= za;
-                        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
-                            p.velocity.x += xa / 4.0;
-                            p.velocity.z += za / 4.0;
-                        }
-                    }
+        }
+        for (feet, bb) in pushers {
+            for c in &mut self.carts {
+                if !bb.intersects(c.bounds()) {
+                    continue;
                }
+                let (mut xa, mut za) = (feet.x - c.position.x, feet.z - c.position.z);
+                let dd = xa * xa + za * za;
+                if dd < f64::from(1.0e-4f32) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let d = dd.sqrt();
+                let pow = (1.0 / d).min(1.0);
+                xa = xa / d * pow * f64::from(0.1f32) * 0.5;
+                za = za / d * pow * f64::from(0.1f32) * 0.5;
+                c.velocity.x -= xa;
+                c.velocity.z -= za;
            }
        }
    }
@@ -797,7 +810,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let ridden = self.guest_vehicles();
        // By id: an exploding cart can destroy or prime others mid-loop.
        let ids: Vec<u32> = self.carts.iter().map(|c| c.id).collect();
-        for id in ids {
+        for &id in &ids {
            let Some(i) = self.carts.iter().position(|c| c.id == id) else {
                continue;
            };
@@ -823,6 +836,33 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.carts.remove(i);
            }
        }
+        // On the server for every cart, the ridden ones too.
+        for id in ids {
+            if let Some(i) = self.carts.iter().position(|c| c.id == id) {
+                let p = self.carts[i].position;
+                if ticking(p.x.floor() as i32, p.z.floor() as i32) {
+                    self.cart_lava_tick(id);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// `lavaHurt` twice a tick in lava: from `LavaFluid.entityInside` in the
+    /// behaviour's `applyEffectsFromBlocks`, then from `AbstractMinecart.tick`'s
+    /// own `isInLava`. The second breaks the cart, or primes a TNT minecart
+    /// (`MinecartTNT.destroy` for a fire source). A cart has no `baseTick`,
+    /// so the fire `lavaIgnite` lights never burns it.
+    fn cart_lava_tick(&mut self, id: u32) {
+        for _ in 0..2 {
+            let Some(i) = self.carts.iter().position(|c| c.id == id) else {
+                return;
+            };
+            if !self.in_lava(self.carts[i].bounds()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            let p = self.carts[i].position;
+            self.hurt_cart(i, 4.0, false, true);
+            self.lava_hurt_sound([p.x, p.y, p.z]);
+        }
    }
    /// `ClientPacketListener.postAddEntitySoundInstance` for the carts that
    /// joined the level since the last tick, and `LocalPlayer.startRiding`'s
@@ -237,15 +237,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
                    super::packs::open_folder(&dir);
                }
-                Event::OpenShaderPackFolder => {
-                    let dir = horizon_client::shader_pack::folder();
-                    let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
-                    super::packs::open_folder(&dir);
-                }
                Event::Credits => self.open_win_screen(false, super::win::Finish::Options),
-                Event::ReloadShaderPack => {
-                    self.load_shader_pack();
-                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
@@ -294,14 +286,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            font.reset_cache();
            self.ui.chat.rescale(&self.gui.atlas);
        }
-        // A new renderer (resource reload, first window) takes the loaded pack.
-        let stale = self
-            .renderer
-            .as_ref()
-            .is_some_and(|r| r.shader_pack_id() != self.shader_packs.id());
-        if stale && let Err(e) = self.apply_shader_pack() {
-            log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack: {e}");
-        }
    }
    /// `Window.updateFullscreenState`: a fullscreen change made by the window
    /// system is adopted by the option (`Minecraft.fullscreenStateChanged`).
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use super::Game;
 use horizon_client::{
    hud::HudAtlas,
    lang,
-    pack_screen::{Compat, PackInfo, Source as PackSource},
+    pack_screen::{self, Compat, PackInfo, Source as PackSource},
    packs::{self, Pack, Position},
    text::{Style, Text},
 };
@@ -34,10 +34,16 @@ pub fn open_folder(dir: &Path) {
        log::warn!("Horizon: could not open {}: {e}", dir.display());
    }
 }
-/// The resource root to load from, given the vanilla root and the selection.
-pub fn startup_root(vanilla: &Path, selected: &[String]) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+/// The resource root to load from, given the vanilla root, the selection and
+/// a server's packs, which go on top (`Pack.Position.TOP`, fixed).
+pub fn startup_root(
+    vanilla: &Path,
+    selected: &[String],
+    server: &[Pack],
+) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
    let all = packs::discover(vanilla, &packs_dir());
-    let enabled = packs::enabled(&all, selected);
+    let mut enabled = packs::enabled(&all, selected);
+    enabled.extend_from_slice(server);
    packs::resource_root(vanilla, &enabled, &cache_dir())
 }
 fn info(p: &Pack) -> PackInfo {
@@ -53,14 +59,15 @@ fn info(p: &Pack) -> PackInfo {
            PackSource::Default
        },
        compat: p.compatibility,
-        icon: p.icon,
+        icon: p.icon_png().as_deref().and_then(pack_screen::load_icon),
        required: false,
        position: Position::Top,
        fixed: false,
    }
 }
-/// The vanilla pack: required, at the bottom (`BuiltInPackSource`).
-fn vanilla_info() -> PackInfo {
+/// The vanilla pack: required, at the bottom (`BuiltInPackSource`), with the
+/// client JAR's `pack.png` that the prepared resources hold.
+fn vanilla_info(vanilla: &Path) -> PackInfo {
    PackInfo {
        id: "vanilla".into(),
        title: Text::translate("resourcePack.vanilla.name", &[]),
@@ -68,7 +75,10 @@ fn vanilla_info() -> PackInfo {
        description_style: Style::default(),
        source: PackSource::BuiltIn,
        compat: Compat::Compatible,
-        icon: true,
+        icon: std::fs::read(vanilla.join("pack.png"))
+            .ok()
+            .as_deref()
+            .and_then(pack_screen::load_icon),
        required: true,
        position: Position::Bottom,
        fixed: false,
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@ pub(super) fn pack_infos(vanilla: &Path) -> Vec<PackInfo> {
        .iter()
        .map(info)
        .collect();
-    infos.push(vanilla_info());
+    infos.push(vanilla_info(vanilla));
    infos
 }
 impl Game<'_> {
@@ -113,14 +123,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.pending_pack_reload = true;
            return;
        }
-        let vanilla = self.vanilla_root();
-        if self.ui.vanilla_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
-            self.ui.vanilla_root = vanilla.clone();
-        }
-        let result = startup_root(&vanilla, &self.settings.resource_packs)
-            .map_err(Into::into)
-            .and_then(|root| self.reload_resources(&root));
-        if let Err(e) = result {
+        if let Err(e) = self.reload_selected_packs() {
            log::warn!("Horizon: resource reload failed: {e}");
            if self.screen != super::Screen::Options {
                self.open_options_at(
@@ -131,6 +134,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.ui.options.resource_error = Some(e.to_string());
        }
    }
+    /// Reload from the selected packs and the server's.
+    pub(super) fn reload_selected_packs(&mut self) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
+        let vanilla = self.vanilla_root();
+        if self.ui.vanilla_root.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+            self.ui.vanilla_root = vanilla.clone();
+        }
+        let server = &self.server_packs.active;
+        let root = startup_root(&vanilla, &self.settings.resource_packs, server)?;
+        self.reload_resources(&root)
+    }
    fn reload_resources(&mut self, root: &Path) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
        let render = std::sync::Arc::new(self.pack.assets.reload(root)?);
        let mut atlas = HudAtlas::build_over(root, &self.vanilla_root())?;
@@ -38,9 +38,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            m.extra.rider = Some(rider);
        }
    }
-    /// Riders sit on their vehicles (`Entity.positionRider`), and let go when
-    /// the vehicle dies or is gone.
+    /// Riders sit on their vehicles (`Entity.positionRider`), mobs or boats,
+    /// and let go when the vehicle dies or is gone.
    pub(super) fn sync_riders(&mut self) {
+        // Entity.baseTick.
+        for m in &mut self.mobs {
+            if m.extra.boarding_cooldown > 0 {
+                m.extra.boarding_cooldown -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        let boats: std::collections::HashSet<u32> = self.boats.iter().map(|b| b.id).collect();
        let index: HashMap<u32, usize> = self
            .mobs
            .iter()
@@ -54,9 +61,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            };
            let valid = self.mobs[i].alive()
                && !self.mobs[i].removed
-                && index
-                    .get(&v)
-                    .is_some_and(|&j| self.mobs[j].alive() && !self.mobs[j].removed);
+                && (boats.contains(&v)
+                    || index
+                        .get(&v)
+                        .is_some_and(|&j| self.mobs[j].alive() && !self.mobs[j].removed));
            if valid {
                riding.insert(v, self.mobs[i].id);
            } else {
@@ -68,6 +76,19 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        for m in &mut self.mobs {
            m.extra.rider = riding.get(&m.id).copied();
        }
+        self.position_riders();
+    }
+    /// `Entity.positionRider` for every mob passenger: in its boat, then on
+    /// its mob. A server's client places them itself too, as the server sends
+    /// no passenger's position.
+    pub(super) fn position_riders(&mut self) {
+        self.seat_boat_mobs();
+        let index: HashMap<u32, usize> = self
+            .mobs
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, m)| (m.id, i))
+            .collect();
        // Riders of riders settle over a few passes.
        for _ in 0..3 {
            for i in 0..self.mobs.len() {
@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        .is_some_and(|(wood, chest)| self.boat_models.has(wood, chest)) =>
                    {
                        if let Some((position, velocity, yaw)) = entity_nbt::boat_from_nbt(&tag) {
+                            let mut tag = tag;
+                            let riders = self.take_mob_passengers(&mut tag);
                            self.next_entity += 1;
                            let id = self.next_entity;
                            let (wood, chest) =
@@ -263,6 +265,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                            b.velocity = velocity;
                            self.remember(id, uuid, tag);
                            self.boats.push(b);
+                            for rider in riders {
+                                self.load_mob(rider, Some(id));
+                            }
                        }
                    }
                    k if super::minecarts::CartKind::from_id(k).is_some() => {
@@ -341,25 +346,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // Structure entities placed with finalizeEntities.
        let mut tag = tag;
        let mut finalize = false;
-        let mut riders = Vec::new();
-        let mut unknown = Vec::new();
        if let Tag::Compound(c) = &mut tag {
            finalize = c.remove(&"horizon:finalize".into()).is_some();
-            if let Some(Tag::List(list)) = c.remove(&"Passengers".into()) {
-                for p in list {
-                    let known =
-                        entity_nbt::kind(&p).is_some_and(|k| self.res.mob_types().contains_key(&k));
-                    if known {
-                        riders.push(p);
-                    } else {
-                        unknown.push(p);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            if !unknown.is_empty() {
-                c.insert("Passengers".into(), Tag::List(unknown));
-            }
        }
+        let riders = self.take_mob_passengers(&mut tag);
        let mut m = entity_nbt::mob_from_nbt(&tag, self.res.mob_types(), self.next_entity)?;
        m.extra.mount = mount;
        m.extra.passenger = mount.is_some();
@@ -401,6 +391,49 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        Some(id)
    }
+    /// The mobs under an entity's `Passengers`, taken out of it; the
+    /// passengers Horizon doesn't simulate stay.
+    fn take_mob_passengers(&self, tag: &mut Tag) -> Vec<Tag> {
+        let mut riders = Vec::new();
+        if let Tag::Compound(c) = tag
+            && let Some(Tag::List(list)) = c.remove(&"Passengers".into())
+        {
+            let mut unknown = Vec::new();
+            for p in list {
+                let known =
+                    entity_nbt::kind(&p).is_some_and(|k| self.res.mob_types().contains_key(&k));
+                if known {
+                    riders.push(p);
+                } else {
+                    unknown.push(p);
+                }
+            }
+            if !unknown.is_empty() {
+                c.insert("Passengers".into(), Tag::List(unknown));
+            }
+        }
+        riders
+    }
+    /// The mobs riding entity `id` under `tag`'s `Passengers`, after the
+    /// passengers it kept from loading.
+    fn put_mob_passengers(&mut self, tag: &mut Tag, id: u32) {
+        let riders: Vec<usize> = (0..self.mobs.len())
+            .filter(|&j| self.mobs[j].extra.mount == Some(id) && self.mobs[j].alive())
+            .collect();
+        let riders: Vec<Tag> = riders.into_iter().map(|j| self.mob_tree_nbt(j)).collect();
+        if let Tag::Compound(c) = tag {
+            let mut list = match c.get(&"Passengers".into()) {
+                Some(Tag::List(l)) => l.clone(),
+                _ => Vec::new(),
+            };
+            list.extend(riders);
+            if list.is_empty() {
+                c.remove(&"Passengers".into());
+            } else {
+                c.insert("Passengers".into(), Tag::List(list));
+            }
+        }
+    }
    /// An entity of a type Horizon does not simulate, kept as its compound.
    fn load_other(&mut self, tag: Tag, kind: &str) -> Option<u32> {
        let position = entity_nbt::position(&tag)?;
@@ -476,22 +509,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let uuid = self.uuid_for(id);
        let mut tag = entity_nbt::mob_to_nbt(&self.mobs[i], uuid, self.persist.raw.get(&id));
        self.write_leash(&mut tag, i);
-        let riders: Vec<usize> = (0..self.mobs.len())
-            .filter(|&j| self.mobs[j].extra.mount == Some(id) && self.mobs[j].alive())
-            .collect();
-        let riders: Vec<Tag> = riders.into_iter().map(|j| self.mob_tree_nbt(j)).collect();
-        if let Tag::Compound(c) = &mut tag {
-            let mut list = match c.get(&"Passengers".into()) {
-                Some(Tag::List(l)) => l.clone(),
-                _ => Vec::new(),
-            };
-            list.extend(riders);
-            if list.is_empty() {
-                c.remove(&"Passengers".into());
-            } else {
-                c.insert("Passengers".into(), Tag::List(list));
-            }
-        }
+        self.put_mob_passengers(&mut tag, id);
        tag
    }
    /// Forget an entity that left the world (its UUID and loaded compound).
@@ -569,10 +587,15 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let mut out: HashMap<(i32, i32), Vec<Tag>> =
            keys.iter().map(|k| (*k, Vec::new())).collect();
        let player_uuid = self.level.player_uuid;
-        // A rider is saved inside its root vehicle, in the root's chunk.
+        // A rider is saved inside its root vehicle, in the root's chunk; a
+        // boat's passengers inside the boat.
        let mobs: Vec<usize> = (0..self.mobs.len())
            .filter(|&i| {
                self.mob_root(i) == i
+                    && self.mobs[i]
+                        .extra
+                        .mount
+                        .is_none_or(|v| self.boats.iter().all(|b| b.id != v))
                    && keys.contains(&chunk_of(self.mobs[i].position))
                    && self.mobs[i].alive()
            })
@@ -650,25 +673,29 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    .push(with_raw(tag, raw.as_ref()));
            }
        }
-        for b in &self.boats {
-            if keys.contains(&chunk_of(b.position)) {
-                let uuid = self
-                    .persist
-                    .uuids
-                    .get(&b.id)
-                    .copied()
-                    .unwrap_or_else(random_uuid);
-                let tag = entity_nbt::boat_to_nbt(
-                    &b.entity_type(),
-                    b.position,
-                    b.velocity,
-                    b.yaw,
-                    uuid,
-                    self.persist.raw.get(&b.id),
-                    b.chest.then_some(&b.items[..]),
-                );
-                out.entry(chunk_of(b.position)).or_default().push(tag);
-            }
+        let boats: Vec<usize> = (0..self.boats.len())
+            .filter(|&i| keys.contains(&chunk_of(self.boats[i].position)))
+            .collect();
+        for i in boats {
+            let b = &self.boats[i];
+            let (id, at) = (b.id, b.position);
+            let uuid = self
+                .persist
+                .uuids
+                .get(&id)
+                .copied()
+                .unwrap_or_else(random_uuid);
+            let mut tag = entity_nbt::boat_to_nbt(
+                &b.entity_type(),
+                b.position,
+                b.velocity,
+                b.yaw,
+                uuid,
+                self.persist.raw.get(&id),
+                b.chest.then_some(&b.items[..]),
+            );
+            self.put_mob_passengers(&mut tag, id);
+            out.entry(chunk_of(at)).or_default().push(tag);
        }
        if let Some(d) = &self.dragon
            && keys.contains(&chunk_of(d.position))
@@ -833,9 +860,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                }
                keep
            });
-            // Riders leave with their root vehicle.
+            // Riders leave with their root vehicle, a boat's with the boat.
            let leaving: HashSet<u32> = (0..self.mobs.len())
-                .filter(|&i| gone(self.mobs[self.mob_root(i)].position))
+                .filter(|&i| {
+                    let r = self.mob_root(i);
+                    match self.mobs[r].extra.mount {
+                        Some(v) if removed.contains(&v) => true,
+                        Some(v) if self.boats.iter().any(|b| b.id == v) => false,
+                        _ => gone(self.mobs[r].position),
+                    }
+                })
                .map(|i| self.mobs[i].id)
                .collect();
            self.mobs.retain(|m| {
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use super::{Dim, Game};
 use horizon_client::mobs::villager as mobs_villager;
 use horizon_client::{
    effects::{EffectInstance, OmenTick},
-    hud_overlays,
    mobs::{
        Mob, Species, raider,
        spawn_rules::{self, SpawnLevel},
@@ -15,9 +14,9 @@ use horizon_client::{
    },
    patrol::{GameplayAttributes, Member, PatrolLevel, PatrolSpawner},
    raid::{self, Action, BarName, RaidLevel, RaidPlayer, RaiderInfo, RaiderType, Raids, Spawn},
-    text::Text,
 };
 use horizon_core::{geometry::Vec3, random::RandomSource};
+use horizon_world::nbt::Tag;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};

 /// Patrol and raid state owned by the game.
@@ -1063,37 +1062,18 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
    }

-    /// The raid boss bars: red and notched in tens, with the raid's title.
-    pub(super) fn raid_bars(&self, bars: &mut Vec<hud_overlays::BossBar>) {
-        for raid in self.raiding.raids.map.values() {
-            if !raid.bar.visible || !raid.bar.player || raid.is_stopped() {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let title = self.translate("event.minecraft.raid", "Raid");
-            let name = match raid.bar.name {
-                BarName::Raid => title,
-                BarName::Remaining(n) => format!(
-                    "{title} - {}",
-                    self.translate(
-                        "event.minecraft.raid.raiders_remaining",
-                        "Raiders Remaining: %s"
-                    )
-                    .replace("%s", &n.to_string())
-                ),
-                BarName::Victory => {
-                    self.translate("event.minecraft.raid.victory.full", "Raid - Victory")
-                }
-                BarName::Defeat => {
-                    self.translate("event.minecraft.raid.defeat.full", "Raid - Defeat")
-                }
-            };
-            bars.push(hud_overlays::BossBar {
-                name: Text::literal(name),
-                progress: raid.bar.progress,
-                color: 2,
-                overlay: 2,
-            });
+    /// The raid bar a living player at `at` is in (`Raid.getPlayers`): red,
+    /// notched in tens. The name is the translate component the client draws.
+    pub(super) fn raid_boss_at(&self, at: [f64; 3], alive: bool) -> Option<(i32, Tag, f32)> {
+        if !alive || self.dim != Dim::Overworld {
+            return None;
        }
+        let block = block_of(Vec3::new(at[0], at[1], at[2]));
+        let (id, raid) = self.raiding.raids.nearby(block)?;
+        if !raid.bar.visible || raid.is_stopped() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some((id, raid_name_tag(raid.bar.name), raid.bar.progress))
    }
    /// A firework a villager launches to celebrate (`CelebrateVillagersSurvivedRaid`).
    pub(super) fn villager_firework(&mut self, at: [f64; 3], color: usize, flight: u8) {
@@ -1239,6 +1219,36 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }
 }

+/// `Raid.raidEvent`'s name: the raid title, the remaining-raiders line, or
+/// the victory and defeat lines.
+fn raid_name_tag(name: BarName) -> Tag {
+    let key = |k: &str| Tag::compound([("translate", Tag::String(k.into()))]);
+    match name {
+        BarName::Raid => key("event.minecraft.raid"),
+        BarName::Victory => key("event.minecraft.raid.victory.full"),
+        BarName::Defeat => key("event.minecraft.raid.defeat.full"),
+        BarName::Remaining(n) => Tag::compound([
+            ("translate", Tag::String("event.minecraft.raid".into())),
+            (
+                "extra",
+                Tag::List(vec![
+                    Tag::String(" - ".into()),
+                    Tag::compound([
+                        (
+                            "translate",
+                            Tag::String("event.minecraft.raid.raiders_remaining".into()),
+                        ),
+                        (
+                            "with",
+                            Tag::List(vec![Tag::String(n.to_string().as_str().into())]),
+                        ),
+                    ]),
+                ]),
+            ),
+        ]),
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -140,9 +140,13 @@ pub(super) struct Remote {
    stepped: HashMap<i32, SteppedInterpolation>,
    /// `LivingEntity.lerpHeadTo`: the head yaw and the ticks left to reach it.
    head_lerps: HashMap<i32, (f32, u32)>,
-    /// Item entities waiting for their item data.
-    pending_items: HashMap<i32, [f64; 3]>,
+    /// Item entities waiting for their item data: where they are and their
+    /// motion.
+    pending_items: HashMap<i32, ([f64; 3], Vec3)>,
    health: (f32, i32, f32),
+    /// `LocalPlayer.flashOnSetHealth`: set by the first health the server
+    /// sends; from then on a drop starts the hurt animation.
+    flash_on_set_health: bool,
    game_mode: i32,
    pub chat: Vec<(String, Instant)>,
    /// Lines received since joining, for the control socket's events.
@@ -305,6 +309,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // A signed-in account always plays under its own name.
        let auth = horizon_client::auth::current();
        let name = auth.as_ref().map_or(name, |a| a.name.as_str());
+        let user = auth.as_ref().map_or_else(
+            || {
+                (
+                    name.to_owned(),
+                    horizon_protocol::crypto::offline_uuid(name),
+                )
+            },
+            |a| (a.name.clone(), a.uuid),
+        );
+        self.server_packs_connect(local.is_none().then_some(address), user);
        let session = match local {
            Some(pipe) => Session::connect_local(pipe, name, view, lang.clone()),
            None => {
@@ -369,6 +383,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        self.apply_settings();
        self.clear_waypoints();
+        self.boss_overlay.reset();
        self.remote = Some(Remote {
            session,
            brand: "unknown".into(),
@@ -401,6 +416,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            head_lerps: HashMap::new(),
            pending_items: HashMap::new(),
            health: (20.0, 20, 5.0),
+            flash_on_set_health: false,
            game_mode: 0,
            chat: Vec::new(),
            chat_received: 0,
@@ -450,9 +466,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.extras_left();
        }
        self.clear_waypoints();
+        self.boss_overlay.reset();
        if let Some(mut r) = self.remote.take() {
            r.session.disconnect();
        }
+        self.server_packs_disconnect();
        // Single player's server thread saves the world before the title shows.
        let single_player = match self.integrated.take() {
            Some(server) => {
@@ -544,7 +562,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// (`LivingEntity.forceAddEffect`): the effect replaces any of its kind.
    /// Other entities' effects are not shown.
    fn remote_effect(&mut self, p: &play::UpdateMobEffect) {
-        if !self.remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.entity_id == p.id) {
+        if self.remote.as_ref().is_none_or(|r| r.entity_id != p.id) {
            return;
        }
        let Some(id) = self.remote_effect_id(p.effect) else {
@@ -596,6 +614,21 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                continue;
            };
            let value = match c {
+                // Read past, not decoded: the item keeps its prototype's value.
+                Component::Raw(_) => continue,
+                // Trim materials and patterns are synced registries, as enchantments are.
+                Component::Trim { material, pattern } => {
+                    let (Some(material), Some(pattern)) = (
+                        r.registries.name("minecraft:trim_material", *material),
+                        r.registries.name("minecraft:trim_pattern", *pattern),
+                    ) else {
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    Tag::compound([
+                        ("material", Tag::String(material.into())),
+                        ("pattern", Tag::String(pattern.into())),
+                    ])
+                }
                Component::Int(v) if *kind == component::RARITY => {
                    let rarity = ["common", "uncommon", "rare", "epic"];
                    Tag::String(rarity.get(*v as usize).copied().unwrap_or("common").into())
@@ -722,6 +755,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.ticks,
            self.screen == Screen::Chat,
        );
+        if self.mods.running() {
+            self.mods_chat(&text);
+        }
        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
            r.chat.push((text, Instant::now()));
            r.chat_received += 1;
@@ -818,7 +854,11 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        r.joined = true;
                        r.profile = uuid;
                        r.profile_name = name.clone();
-                        r.status = format!("Joined as {name}; loading terrain...");
+                        // LevelLoadingScreen's line: no player name.
+                        r.status = horizon_client::lang::get_or(
+                            "multiplayer.downloadingTerrain",
+                            "Loading terrain...",
+                        );
                    }
                }
                Event::Brand(brand) => {
@@ -827,6 +867,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    }
                }
                Event::Reconfigured(registries) => self.set_registries(registries),
+                Event::PackPush(p) => self.handle_pack_push(p),
+                Event::PackPop(id) => self.handle_pack_pop(id),
                Event::DecodeError(e) => {
                    if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
                        r.decode_errors += 1;
@@ -1369,7 +1411,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
            if kind == "minecraft:item" {
-                r.pending_items.insert(id, position);
+                r.pending_items.insert(id, (position, Vec3::ZERO));
            }
            r.entities.insert(
                id,
@@ -1448,6 +1490,23 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                m.on_ground = on_ground;
                return;
            }
+            if let Some(p) = r.pending_items.get_mut(&id) {
+                p.0 = position;
+            }
+            // ItemEntity and FallingBlockEntity keep Entity's NO_OP
+            // InterpolationHandler: moveOrInterpolateTo puts them there at
+            // once, and their own tick moves them on between the server's
+            // updates (`tick_remote_entities`).
+            let at = Vec3::new(position[0], position[1], position[2]);
+            if let Some(d) = self.dropped.iter_mut().find(|d| d.id == id as u32) {
+                d.position = at;
+                d.on_ground = on_ground;
+                return;
+            }
+            if let Some(f) = self.falling.iter_mut().find(|f| f.id == id as u32) {
+                f.position = at;
+                return;
+            }
            // AbstractInterpolationHandler.interpolateTo: without a rotation,
            // the one it was heading for.
            let rotation = rotation.or_else(|| r.lerps.get(&id).and_then(|l| l.rotation));
@@ -1459,11 +1518,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    steps: 3,
                },
            );
-            if let Some(p) = r.pending_items.get_mut(&id) {
-                *p = position;
-            }
        }
        self.turn_remote_object(id, rotation.map(|(yaw, _)| yaw), on_ground);
+        self.move_remote_text_display(id, position, rotation);
        self.turn_remote_projectile(id, rotation);
    }
    fn remove_entity(&mut self, id: i32) {
@@ -1569,6 +1626,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
        }
    }
+    /// Find a game slot in the menu's complete, contiguous slot mapping.
+    fn menu_slot_index(menu: &str, internal: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        (0..)
+            .map_while(|slot| Self::menu_slot(menu, slot))
+            .position(|slot| slot == internal)
+    }
    /// The workstation screen of a menu type a server opens.
    pub(super) fn remote_station_kind(menu: &str) -> Option<super::stations::Kind> {
        use super::stations::Kind;
@@ -1773,6 +1836,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    self.audio.play(&name, Some(at), p.volume, p.pitch);
                }
            }
+            C::StopSound(p) => self
+                .audio
+                .stop_sounds(p.sound.as_deref(), p.source.map(|s| s as usize)),
            C::AddEntity(p) => {
                let kind = self
                    .remote
@@ -1794,6 +1860,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    }
                }
                self.spawn_entity(p.id, &kind, p.position, rotation);
+                // Entity.recreateFromPacket: setDeltaMovement(packet.getMovement()).
+                self.remote_motion(p.id, p.velocity);
                if !self.spawn_remote_object(p.id, &kind, p.position, rotation[0], p.data) {
                    self.spawn_remote_projectile(
                        p.id,
@@ -1804,6 +1872,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                        p.data,
                    );
                }
+                self.move_remote_text_display(p.id, p.position, Some((rotation[0], rotation[1])));
            }
            C::RemoveEntities(p) => {
                for id in p.ids {
@@ -2112,17 +2181,29 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                    pl.velocity = Vec3::new(p.velocity[0], p.velocity[1], p.velocity[2]);
                }
            }
+            // The same packet for another entity: Entity.lerpMotion.
+            C::SetEntityMotion(p) => self.remote_motion(p.id, p.velocity),
            // ClientPacketListener.handleDamageEvent: LivingEntity.handleDamageEvent
            // jolts the walk animation and restarts the hurt flash. Its hurt
            // sound comes as a sound from Horizon's host, which plays it itself.
+            // This player's own hurt tilt and flash come from the server too
+            // (sent to the player itself): its own moves never hurt it.
            C::DamageEvent(p) => {
-                if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32) {
+                if self.remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.entity_id == p.id) {
+                    if let Some(pl) = self.player.as_mut() {
+                        pl.health.animate_hurt();
+                    }
+                } else if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32) {
                    m.limb_speed = 1.5;
                    m.hurt_time = 10;
                }
            }
            C::HurtAnimation(p) => {
-                if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32) {
+                if self.remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.entity_id == p.id) {
+                    if let Some(pl) = self.player.as_mut() {
+                        pl.health.animate_hurt();
+                    }
+                } else if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == p.id as u32) {
                    m.hurt_time = 10;
                }
            }
@@ -2188,9 +2269,14 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.remote_world_options_difficulty(self.ui.difficulty, p.locked);
            }
            C::GameRuleValues(p) => self.remote_world_options_rules(p.entries),
+            // ClientPacketListener.handleSetHealth: LocalPlayer.hurtTo.
            C::SetHealth(p) => {
-                if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+                let flash = self.remote.as_mut().is_some_and(|r| {
                    r.health = (p.health, p.food, p.saturation);
+                    std::mem::replace(&mut r.flash_on_set_health, true)
+                });
+                if flash && let Some(pl) = self.player.as_mut() {
+                    pl.health.flash_health_change(p.health);
                }
                self.apply_remote_health();
                if p.health <= 0.0 && self.screen != Screen::Dead && self.player.is_some() {
@@ -2640,6 +2726,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            // ClientPacketListener.setActionBarText, setTitleText,
            // setSubtitleText, setTitlesAnimation and handleTitlesClear.
+            C::BossEvent(p) => self.apply_boss_event(&p),
            C::SetActionBarText(p) => self.titles.set_overlay(remote_text(&p.text), false),
            C::SetTitleText(p) => self.titles.set_title(remote_text(&p.text)),
            C::SetSubtitleText(p) => self.titles.set_subtitle(remote_text(&p.text)),
@@ -2920,7 +3007,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            item.stack = stack;
            return;
        }
-        let Some(p) = position else { return };
+        let Some((p, velocity)) = position else {
+            return;
+        };
        let at = Vec3::new(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
        let bob_offset = self.world.random.next_float() * std::f32::consts::PI * 2.0;
        self.dropped.push(ItemEntity {
@@ -2931,7 +3020,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            stack,
            position: at,
            previous: at,
-            velocity: Vec3::ZERO,
+            velocity,
            on_ground: false,
            age: 0,
            pickup_delay: 0,
@@ -2939,6 +3028,23 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            ticks: 0,
        });
    }
+    /// `Entity.lerpMotion` (and `recreateFromPacket`'s motion) for the
+    /// entities whose own tick moves them on a client: dropped items and
+    /// falling blocks.
+    fn remote_motion(&mut self, id: i32, velocity: [f64; 3]) {
+        let v = Vec3::new(velocity[0], velocity[1], velocity[2]);
+        if let Some(d) = self.dropped.iter_mut().find(|d| d.id == id as u32) {
+            d.velocity = v;
+        } else if let Some(f) = self.falling.iter_mut().find(|f| f.id == id as u32) {
+            f.velocity = v;
+        } else if let Some(p) = self
+            .remote
+            .as_mut()
+            .and_then(|r| r.pending_items.get_mut(&id))
+        {
+            p.1 = v;
+        }
+    }
    fn apply_remote_health(&mut self) {
        let Some((health, food, saturation)) = self.remote.as_ref().map(|r| r.health) else {
            return;
@@ -2994,6 +3100,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            }
            None => {
                let mut player = PlayerMotion::new(self.motion, position)?;
+                // Player.tick derives noPhysics from the current game mode.
+                player.spectator = self.spectator();
                player.velocity = delta;
                self.player = Some(player);
                self.pad.player_replaced();
@@ -3028,6 +3136,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// One client tick while connected (Minecraft.tick with a ClientLevel).
    pub(super) fn tick_remote(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.tick_remote_level()?;
+        // Client mods tick on any server, single player's own included.
+        self.tick_mods();
        // Minecraft.tick sends this even when the player cannot tick yet,
        // including while waiting for chunks. Keep it outside early returns.
        if self.remote.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.joined) {
@@ -3053,6 +3163,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // Minecraft.tick: TickRateManager.tick; ClientLevel.tickTime advances
        // the time only while the level runs normally.
        let running = self.clock.world_runs();
+        self.boss_overlay.tick_darken(running);
        if running {
            self.world.game_time += 1;
            self.remote_clock_tick();
@@ -3081,7 +3192,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        self.sleep_timer = super::tick_sleep_timer(self.sleep_timer, self.sleeping.is_some());
        // Gui.tick: the titles, the action bar and the held item's name.
        self.tick_hud();
-        let ghast_collisions = self.happy_ghast_player_collisions();
+        let entity_collisions = self.player_entity_collisions();
        let pushed = self.remote_pushes();
        let Some(player) = self.player.as_mut() else {
            return Ok(());
@@ -3136,6 +3247,9 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            | u8::from(keys.sprint) << 6;
        // A passenger moves with its vehicle (Entity.rideTick), not by itself.
        let riding = self.screen != Screen::Dead && self.remote_ride(keys);
+        // The server sends no passenger's position: they sit where their
+        // vehicles are now.
+        self.position_riders();
        let Some(player) = self.player.as_mut() else {
            return Ok(());
        };
@@ -3163,9 +3277,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            );
            player.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
        } else if !dead && !riding {
+            player.client_side = true;
            player.velocity = player.velocity.add_vector(pushed);
            MotionWorld {
-                entities: &ghast_collisions,
+                entities: &entity_collisions,
                player,
                scene: &mut self.world,
                assets: &self.pack.assets,
@@ -3206,7 +3321,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                _ => {}
            }
        }
-        // The server owns health and hunger: undo local food/fall changes.
+        // The server owns health and hunger.
        self.apply_remote_health();
        self.tick_avatar(before, false);
        // The player's own model (third person, the inventory's preview).
@@ -3246,9 +3361,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        player.flying_speed = a.flying_speed;
    }
    /// The local player's share of every touching entity's
-    /// `LivingEntity.pushEntities`: on a client `EntitySelector.pushableBy`
-    /// lets entities push only the local player, so the server never sends
-    /// these pushes. `doPush(player)` is `player.push(entity)`.
+    /// `LivingEntity.pushEntities`, and of the boats' pushes: on a client
+    /// `EntitySelector.pushableBy` lets entities push only the local player,
+    /// so the server never sends these pushes. `doPush(player)` is
+    /// `player.push(entity)`.
    fn remote_pushes(&self) -> Vec3 {
        let (Some(p), Some(r)) = (self.player.as_ref(), self.remote.as_ref()) else {
            return Vec3::ZERO;
@@ -3307,11 +3423,54 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            za *= f64::from(0.05_f32);
            push = Vec3::new(push.x - xa, push.y, push.z - za);
        }
+        // AbstractBoat.push(player) from the boat's own tick (its box grown
+        // by 0.2 sideways) and from the player's pushEntities (its box).
+        let player_team = teams.of(Who::Player);
+        let area = Vec3::new(f64::from(0.2_f32), f64::from(-0.01_f32), f64::from(0.2_f32));
+        for b in self.boats.iter().filter(|b| self.riding != Some(b.id)) {
+            let bb = b.bounds();
+            let times = usize::from(
+                bounds.intersects(bb.inflate(area))
+                    && horizon_client::scoreboard::pushable_by(None, player_team, true),
+            ) + usize::from(
+                bounds.intersects(bb)
+                    && horizon_client::scoreboard::pushable_by(player_team, None, true),
+            );
+            if times > 0
+                && super::boat_passengers::boat_pushes(bb, bounds, false)
+                && let Some(v) = super::boat_passengers::push_impulse(b.position, p.position)
+            {
+                push = push.add_vector(v.scale(times as f64));
+            }
+        }
        push
    }
    /// ClientLevel.tickEntities; a frozen level only ticks the players
    /// (`TickRateManager.isEntityFrozen`).
    fn tick_remote_entities(&mut self, running: bool) {
+        if running {
+            self.tick_text_displays();
+        }
+        // EntityFluidInteraction.update for the entities this window only displays: the
+        // server never sends the fluid contact, and the renderers read it (cod, salmon and
+        // tropical fish lie on their side without `in_water`, #1591).
+        // A frozen level ticks only the players, as below.
+        let fluids: Vec<_> = {
+            let w = self.mob_world_base(&[]);
+            let players = self.remote.as_ref().map(|r| &r.level_players);
+            self.mobs
+                .iter()
+                .map(|m| {
+                    (running || players.is_some_and(|p| p.contains_key(&(m.id as i32))))
+                        .then(|| w.fluids(m.bounds(), m.eye_y()))
+                })
+                .collect()
+        };
+        for (m, fluids) in self.mobs.iter_mut().zip(fluids) {
+            if let Some(fluids) = fluids {
+                m.fluids = fluids;
+            }
+        }
        let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() else {
            return;
        };
@@ -3414,20 +3573,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                l.steps -= 1;
            }
        }
+        // ItemEntity.tick runs on a client too: gravity, collisions and
+        // friction move the item between the server's updates (every 20
+        // ticks), and only the server removes it.
+        let (world, facts, collision) = (&self.world, self.res.facts(), self.collision);
        for d in self.dropped.iter_mut().filter(|_| running) {
-            d.previous = d.position;
-            d.age += 1;
-            if let Some(l) = lerps.get_mut(&(d.id as i32))
-                && l.steps > 0
-            {
-                let n = f64::from(l.steps);
-                d.position = Vec3::new(
-                    d.position.x + (l.target[0] - d.position.x) / n,
-                    d.position.y + (l.target[1] - d.position.y) / n,
-                    d.position.z + (l.target[2] - d.position.z) / n,
-                );
-                l.steps -= 1;
-            }
+            d.tick(world, facts, collision, false);
        }
        head_lerps.retain(|_, (_, steps)| *steps > 0);
        for (item, ticks, at, eye, pitch, yaw) in using {
@@ -3862,11 +4013,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                self.predict_item_on_block(stack, &hit);
            }
            if held_block {
-                if reacts
-                    || held
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .is_some_and(|stack| self.remote_can_place(&hit, stack))
-                {
+                let placed = if reacts {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    held.as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|stack| self.remote_can_place(&hit, stack))
+                };
+                if let Some(placed) = &placed {
+                    self.predict_place(placed, seq);
+                    self.with_hand(hand, Game::consume_held);
+                }
+                if reacts || placed.is_some() {
                    self.with_hand(hand, Game::swing_arm);
                }
                // BlockItem.place returns FAIL when placement is rejected:
@@ -3926,18 +4083,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        {
            return;
        }
-        for &(p, state) in changes {
-            let pos = [p.x, p.y, p.z];
-            let before = self.world.block(p.x, p.y, p.z);
-            // BlockStatePredictionHandler.retainKnownServerState.
-            if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
-                r.predictions
-                    .entry(pos)
-                    .and_modify(|e| e.0 = seq)
-                    .or_insert((seq, before.0 as i32));
-            }
-            self.set_block(pos, state.0 as i32);
-        }
+        self.predict_blocks(changes, seq);
        // `level.playSound(player, ...)`: the clicker hears it from its own use; the
        // server sends it to the others only.
        for (pos, sound, volume, pitch) in sounds {
@@ -3997,12 +4143,45 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        })
    }

-    /// Run BlockItem.place on a disposable level before predicting its swing.
-    /// The real level supplies collision shapes and building-blocking entities;
-    /// block writes, random draws, scheduled ticks and events stay in the preview.
-    fn remote_can_place(&mut self, hit: &super::Hit, stack: &ItemStack) -> bool {
+    /// MultiPlayerGameMode.useItemOn inside startPrediction, for a block item:
+    /// the blocks `BlockItem.place` set at `pos` are placed on this client's
+    /// level at once, so the next click of a fast bridge aims at them rather
+    /// than past them (the server would refuse it). Its place sound is the
+    /// placer's own (`playSound(player, ...)`: the server sends it to the
+    /// others only).
+    fn predict_place(&mut self, (pos, changes): &DryPlace, seq: i32) {
+        let ticks = self.ticks;
+        if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+            // set_block plays the place sound of the block at `placing`.
+            r.placing = Some(([pos.x, pos.y, pos.z], ticks));
+        }
+        self.predict_blocks(changes, seq);
+    }
+    /// The blocks a use changed, set on this client's level and kept as
+    /// predicted under the use's sequence until the server acknowledges it
+    /// (`BlockStatePredictionHandler.retainKnownServerState`): a use the
+    /// server refused goes back.
+    fn predict_blocks(&mut self, changes: &DryChanges, seq: i32) {
+        for &(p, state) in changes {
+            let pos = [p.x, p.y, p.z];
+            let before = self.world.block(p.x, p.y, p.z);
+            if let Some(r) = self.remote.as_mut() {
+                r.predictions
+                    .entry(pos)
+                    .and_modify(|e| e.0 = seq)
+                    .or_insert((seq, before.0 as i32));
+            }
+            self.set_block(pos, state.0 as i32);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run BlockItem.place on a disposable level: where it placed and the
+    /// blocks it set. The real level supplies collision shapes and
+    /// building-blocking entities; random draws, scheduled ticks and events
+    /// stay in the preview.
+    fn remote_can_place(&mut self, hit: &super::Hit, stack: &ItemStack) -> Option<DryPlace> {
        if !self.may_build() {
-            return false;
+            return None;
        }
        let ctx = horizon_world::level::PlaceContext {
            clicked_pos: horizon_core::position::BlockPos::new(hit.pos[0], hit.pos[1], hit.pos[2]),
@@ -4017,14 +4196,16 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        };
        self.with_level(|b, level, _| {
            let mut level = DryLevel::new(level);
-            matches!(
-                b.place_block(
-                    &mut level,
-                    &mut horizon_world::level::Ticks::default(),
-                    &ctx
-                ),
-                horizon_world::level::PlaceOutcome::Placed { .. }
-            )
+            match b.place_block(
+                &mut level,
+                &mut horizon_world::level::Ticks::default(),
+                &ctx,
+            ) {
+                horizon_world::level::PlaceOutcome::Placed { pos, .. } => {
+                    Some((pos, level.changed.into_iter().collect()))
+                }
+                horizon_world::level::PlaceOutcome::Failed => None,
+            }
        })
    }

@@ -4126,11 +4307,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            return;
        };
        let stack = self.stack_in(slot).cloned();
+        // Another hotbar slot picked: LivingEntity.updatingUsingItem sees a
+        // different stack in the hand. The off hand keeps its item.
+        let in_hand = slot == self.selected || slot == super::shield::OFFHAND_SLOT;
        // A drawn bow, a charging crossbow, a raised shield...: held until
-        // the button lets go (or another slot is picked).
+        // the button lets go.
        if stack.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| self.held_until_released(s)) {
-            self.using = (slot == self.selected || slot == super::shield::OFFHAND_SLOT)
-                .then_some((slot, ticks + 1));
+            self.using = in_hand.then_some((slot, ticks + 1));
            return;
        }
        let consumable = stack
@@ -4144,7 +4327,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        // Button release belongs to the next handleKeybinds phase, which
        // sends RELEASE_USE_ITEM. Do not silently clear a use begun by a
        // quick press/release between ticks.
-        if slot != self.selected {
+        if !in_hand {
            self.using = None;
            return;
        }
@@ -4318,8 +4501,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// Keys with a multiplayer meaning; returns true when consumed.
    pub(super) fn remote_key(&mut self, key: KeyCode) -> Result<bool> {
        if self.screen != Screen::Playing {
-            if key == KeyCode::KeyE && self.screen == Screen::Inventory
-                || key == KeyCode::Escape && self.screen == Screen::Inventory
+            if (key == KeyCode::KeyE || key == KeyCode::Escape) && self.screen == Screen::Inventory
            {
                self.remote_close_container();
                self.screen = Screen::Playing;
@@ -4466,12 +4648,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        for &(slot, button, input) in ops {
            let slot = match slot {
                None => -999,
-                Some(internal) => {
-                    match (0..64).find(|&s| Self::menu_slot(&menu, s) == Some(internal)) {
-                        Some(s) => s as i16,
-                        None => return false,
-                    }
-                }
+                Some(internal) => match Self::menu_slot_index(&menu, internal) {
+                    Some(s) => s as i16,
+                    None => return false,
+                },
            };
            clicks.push((slot, button, input));
        }
@@ -4540,7 +4720,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    /// such slot.
    pub(super) fn remote_slot_click(&mut self, internal: usize, button: i8, input: i32) -> bool {
        let (container, menu) = self.remote_menu();
-        let slot = (0..64).find(|&s| Self::menu_slot(&menu, s) == Some(internal));
+        let slot = Self::menu_slot_index(&menu, internal);
        let Some(slot) = slot else { return false };
        let carried = self.to_network(&self.carried).map(|s| Hashed::of(&s));
        let state = self.remote.as_ref().map_or(0, |r| r.state_id);
@@ -4975,6 +5155,8 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            // The player's own model exists (third person and the inventory draw it).
            "player_model": self.player_model.is_some(),
+            "text_display_vertices": self.text_display_vertices,
+            "text_displays": self.text_displays.len(),
            "health": r.health.0,
            "food": r.health.1,
            "decode_errors": r.decode_errors,
@@ -5074,11 +5256,12 @@ type DrySound = (
    f32,
    f32,
 );
+/// The blocks a use on the dry level set.
+type DryChanges = Vec<(horizon_core::position::BlockPos, BlockStateId)>;
 /// What a use on the dry level changed, and the sounds it played.
-type DryUse = (
-    Vec<(horizon_core::position::BlockPos, BlockStateId)>,
-    Vec<DrySound>,
-);
+type DryUse = (DryChanges, Vec<DrySound>);
+/// Where `BlockItem.place` on the dry level placed, and the blocks it set.
+type DryPlace = (horizon_core::position::BlockPos, DryChanges);

 /// The blocks a guest's hand flips that its use predicts (and hears at once): a wooden or
 /// copper door, trapdoor or fence gate, a lever or a button. An iron door or trapdoor has
@@ -5399,4 +5582,28 @@ mod tests {
        }
        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot("inventory", 46), None);
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remote_clicks_find_slots_past_the_old_large_chest_cutoff() {
+        for (menu, internal, index) in [
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", 18, 63),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", 19, 64),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", 0, 81),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", 8, 89),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x6", 353, 53),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x5", 8, 80),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x4", 8, 71),
+            ("minecraft:generic_9x3", 8, 62),
+            ("inventory", 504, 45),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                Game::menu_slot_index(menu, internal),
+                Some(index),
+                "{menu}, game slot {internal}"
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot_index("minecraft:generic_9x6", 354), None);
+        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot_index("minecraft:generic_9x6", 504), None);
+        assert_eq!(Game::menu_slot_index("unknown", 0), None);
+    }
 }
@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 //! `onSyncedDataUpdated`): what a client draws from it rather than from its
 //! own simulation, which a client of a server doesn't run.
 use super::Game;
+use horizon_client::mobs::render::{PROFESSIONS, VILLAGER_TYPES};
 use horizon_client::mobs::{Mob, Species, tame};
 use horizon_protocol::entity_data::Value;
+use horizon_protocol::registry::Builtin;

 /// The values `apply` takes from one SetEntityData packet, by vanilla's entry
 /// indices (Entity 0..=7, LivingEntity 8..=14, Mob 15, then the subclasses).
-fn apply(m: &mut Mob, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
+/// `builtin` names the ids of built-in registries.
+fn apply(m: &mut Mob, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)], builtin: &Builtin) {
    let species = m.species();
    let baby = super::lan::baby_index(&m.kind.id);
    for (index, _, value) in values {
@@ -42,16 +45,45 @@ fn apply(m: &mut Mob, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
            (Species::Slime | Species::MagmaCube, 18, Value::Int(size)) => {
                m.extra.size = (*size).clamp(1, 127);
            }
+            // Villager.DATA_VILLAGER_DATA and ZombieVillager's (after
+            // Zombie's three): what VillagerProfessionLayer draws.
+            (Species::Villager, 19, Value::Ids(data))
+            | (Species::ZombieVillager, 20, Value::Ids(data)) => villager_data(m, data, builtin),
            _ => {}
        }
    }
 }

+/// VillagerData as the network sends it: the type and the profession by
+/// their built-in registry ids, then the level.
+fn villager_data(m: &mut Mob, data: &[i32], builtin: &Builtin) {
+    let &[kind, profession, level] = data else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let index = |registry: &str, id: i32, names: &[&str]| {
+        let name = builtin
+            .get(registry)?
+            .name(id)?
+            .strip_prefix("minecraft:")?;
+        names.iter().position(|n| *n == name).map(|i| i as u8)
+    };
+    if let Some(t) = index("minecraft:villager_type", kind, &VILLAGER_TYPES) {
+        m.extra.variant = t;
+    }
+    if let Some(p) = index("minecraft:villager_profession", profession, &PROFESSIONS) {
+        m.extra.variant2 = p;
+    }
+    m.extra.variant3 = level.clamp(0, i32::from(u8::MAX)) as u8;
+}
+
 impl Game<'_> {
    /// SetEntityData for a mob of the server's.
    pub(super) fn remote_mob_data(&mut self, id: i32, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
+        let Some(r) = &self.remote else {
+            return;
+        };
        if let Some(m) = self.mobs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.id == id as u32) {
-            apply(m, values);
+            apply(m, values, &r.builtin);
        }
    }
 }
@@ -72,11 +104,23 @@ mod tests {

    /// A mob of the prepared resources' type `kind`, as a client spawns it
    /// (None without the resources).
-    fn mob(kind: &str) -> Option<Mob> {
-        let root = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+    fn root() -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
            .join("../../.local/horizon-client")
-            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION);
-        let types = horizon_client::mobs::MobTypes::load(&root).ok()?;
+            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION)
+    }
+
+    /// The prepared resources' built-in registries (empty without them).
+    fn builtin() -> Builtin {
+        Builtin::load(&root().join("registries.json")).unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    fn apply(m: &mut Mob, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
+        super::apply(m, values, &builtin());
+    }
+
+    fn mob(kind: &str) -> Option<Mob> {
+        let types = horizon_client::mobs::MobTypes::load(&root()).ok()?;
        let t = std::sync::Arc::new(types.types.get(kind)?.clone());
        let mut m = Mob::new(1, t, horizon_core::geometry::Vec3::ZERO, 0.0);
        client_defaults(&mut m);
@@ -133,4 +177,45 @@ mod tests {
        apply(&mut m, &[(0, s::BYTE, Value::Byte(0))]);
        assert_eq!(m.fire_ticks, 0);
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_villager_takes_its_type_profession_and_level() {
+        let Some(mut m) = mob("minecraft:villager") else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let registries = builtin();
+        let id = |registry: &str, name: &str| registries.get(registry)?.id(name);
+        let (Some(desert), Some(farmer), Some(librarian)) = (
+            id("minecraft:villager_type", "minecraft:desert"),
+            id("minecraft:villager_profession", "minecraft:farmer"),
+            id("minecraft:villager_profession", "minecraft:librarian"),
+        ) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let name = |m: &Mob| {
+            (
+                VILLAGER_TYPES[m.extra.variant as usize],
+                PROFESSIONS[m.extra.variant2 as usize],
+                m.extra.variant3,
+            )
+        };
+        apply(
+            &mut m,
+            &[(19, s::VILLAGER_DATA, Value::Ids(vec![desert, farmer, 2]))],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(name(&m), ("desert", "farmer", 2));
+        // A job taken later: only the profession and the level change.
+        apply(
+            &mut m,
+            &[(19, s::VILLAGER_DATA, Value::Ids(vec![desert, librarian, 5]))],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(name(&m), ("desert", "librarian", 5));
+        // A zombie villager's data comes after Zombie's three entries.
+        let mut z = mob("minecraft:zombie_villager").unwrap();
+        apply(
+            &mut z,
+            &[(20, s::VILLAGER_DATA, Value::Ids(vec![desert, farmer, 3]))],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(name(&z), ("desert", "farmer", 3));
+    }
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,12 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        let at = Vec3::new(position[0], position[1], position[2]);
        let block = position.map(|v| v.floor() as i32);
        self.remove_remote_object(id);
-        if let Some(cart) = super::minecarts::CartKind::from_id(kind) {
+        if kind == "minecraft:text_display" {
+            self.text_displays.insert(
+                id as i32,
+                super::text_displays::RemoteTextDisplay::new(position, yaw),
+            );
+        } else if let Some(cart) = super::minecarts::CartKind::from_id(kind) {
            let mut c = super::minecarts::Minecart::new(id, cart, at);
            c.yaw = yaw;
            c.previous_yaw = yaw;
@@ -93,6 +98,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {

    /// `handleSetEntityData` for an object: what changes how it looks.
    pub(super) fn remote_object_data(&mut self, id: i32, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
+        if let Some(display) = self.text_displays.get_mut(&id) {
+            display.metadata(values);
+            return;
+        }
        let id = id as u32;
        for (index, _, value) in values {
            if self.item_frames.iter().any(|f| f.id == id) {
@@ -273,6 +282,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {

    /// Every object a server sent (a new connection, level or dimension).
    pub(super) fn clear_remote_objects(&mut self) {
+        self.text_displays.clear();
        self.carts.clear();
        self.boats.clear();
        self.armor_stands.clear();
@@ -281,6 +291,7 @@ impl Game<'_> {
    }

    pub(super) fn remove_remote_object(&mut self, id: u32) {
+        self.text_displays.remove(&(id as i32));
        self.carts.retain(|c| c.id != id);
        self.boats.retain(|b| b.id != id);
        self.armor_stands.retain(|a| a.id != id);
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //! end crystals on a server's client (`ClientPacketListener.handleAddEntity`
 //! and `handleSetEntityData`): the server simulates them, the client draws
 //! them where it says and interpolates their moves.
-use super::{FallingBlock, Game};
+use super::{FallStep, FallingBlock, Game};
 use horizon_client::projectiles::{Projectile, ProjectileKind};
 use horizon_core::{geometry::Vec3, position::BlockPos};
 use horizon_protocol::entity_data::Value;
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ fn projectile_kind(kind: &str) -> Option<ProjectileKind> {
        "minecraft:llama_spit" => ProjectileKind::LlamaSpit,
        "minecraft:wind_charge" => ProjectileKind::WindCharge,
        "minecraft:breeze_wind_charge" => ProjectileKind::BreezeWindCharge,
+        // Homing state stays on the server; the client interpolates its positions.
+        "minecraft:shulker_bullet" => ProjectileKind::ShulkerBullet {
+            target: horizon_client::mobs::Who::Player,
+            dir: None,
+            steps: 0,
+            delta: [0.0; 3],
+            seed: 0,
+        },
        "minecraft:wither_skull" => ProjectileKind::WitherSkull { dangerous: false },
        _ => return None,
    })
@@ -185,11 +193,17 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            t.previous = t.position;
            t.position = step(t.id, t.position);
        }
-        for f in &mut self.falling {
-            f.previous = f.position;
-            f.age += 1;
-            f.position = step(f.id, f.position);
+        // FallingBlockEntity.tick runs on a client too: the block falls by
+        // itself between the server's updates (every 20 ticks), then waits
+        // where it lands for the server to place it and remove it.
+        let mut falling = std::mem::take(&mut self.falling);
+        for f in &mut falling {
+            if let Ok(FallStep::Landed(_)) = self.fall_step(f, false) {
+                // Block.updateEntityMovementAfterFallOn, then the air drag.
+                f.velocity = Vec3::new(f.velocity.x * 0.98, 0.0, f.velocity.z * 0.98);
+            }
        }
+        self.falling = falling;
        for p in &mut self.creatures.projectiles {
            p.previous = p.position;
            p.age += 1;
@@ -88,8 +88,10 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        for m in &mut self.mobs {
            if m.extra.mount == Some(vehicle_id) && !passengers.contains(&(m.id as i32)) {
                m.extra.mount = None;
+                m.extra.passenger = false;
            } else if passengers.contains(&(m.id as i32)) {
                m.extra.mount = Some(vehicle_id);
+                m.extra.passenger = true;
            }
        }
        if passengers.contains(&me) {
@@ -129,17 +131,20 @@ impl Game<'_> {
            self.yaw += b.delta_rotation;
            let delta = (self.yaw - b.yaw + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0;
            self.yaw += delta.clamp(-105.0, 105.0) - delta;
-            let seat = b.position;
            self.boats[i] = b;
-            Some(seat)
+            // In front of a mob that shares the boat.
+            Some(self.player_boat_seat(i))
        } else {
            // A minecart: the server moves it, the rider sits in it.
-            self.carts.iter().find(|c| c.id == id).map(|c| c.position)
+            self.carts.iter().find(|c| c.id == id).map(|c| {
+                c.position
+                    .add_vector(Vec3::new(0.0, super::minecarts::SEAT, 0.0))
+            })
        };
        if let Some(p) = self.player.as_mut() {
            self.previous_position = p.position;
            if let Some(v) = seat {
-                p.position = Vec3::new(v.x, v.y + super::boats::SEAT, v.z);
+                p.position = v;
            }
            p.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
            p.fall_distance = 0.0;
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pub const HELP: &[&str] = &[
    "signedit X Y Z [front|back]    open the sign editor for the sign at X Y Z",
    "section-draws [flat|indirect]  how terrain sections are drawn (A/B checks); replies the mode",
    "section-cull [on|off]          occlusion culling of solid sections (A/B checks); replies the mode",
+    "section-sides [on|off]         leave out solid quads facing away from the eye (A/B checks); replies the mode",
 ];

 impl Game<'_> {
@@ -100,49 +100,13 @@ impl Game<'_> {
                skybox: self.dim == Dim::Overworld,
                blindness: None,
                darkness: self.darkness_fog(),
-                boss_world_fog: self.dragon_bar_shown(),
+                darken_world: self
+                    .boss_overlay
+                    .darken_amount(self.clock.fraction() as f32),
+                boss_world_fog: self.boss_overlay.should_create_world_fog(),
            },
        )
    }
-    /// What a shader pack's `Frame` uniform reads of the game this frame.
-    pub(super) fn shader_inputs(
-        &self,
-        camera: glam::DVec3,
-        partial_tick: f32,
-    ) -> horizon_client::gfx::ShaderInputs {
-        let (rain, thunder) = if self.dim == Dim::Overworld {
-            self.world.weather.levels(self.clock.fraction() as f32)
-        } else {
-            (0.0, 0.0)
-        };
-        let at = [camera.x, camera.y, camera.z];
-        let day = self.world.day_time;
-        let has_sky_light = self.dim == Dim::Overworld;
-        // CommonUniforms.getEyeBrightness: the camera entity's eye block.
-        let eye = self.eye_position().unwrap_or(at).map(|v| v.floor() as i32);
-        let light = self.world.light(eye[0], eye[1], eye[2]);
-        let eye_light = [light & 15, if has_sky_light { light >> 4 } else { 0 }];
-        horizon_client::gfx::ShaderInputs {
-            rain,
-            thunder,
-            submerged: match fog_type(&self.world, self.res.facts(), at, self.forward()) {
-                FogType::Atmospheric => 0,
-                FogType::Water => 1,
-                FogType::Lava => 2,
-                FogType::PowderSnow => 3,
-            },
-            dimension: match self.dim {
-                Dim::Overworld => 0,
-                Dim::Nether => -1,
-                Dim::End => 1,
-            },
-            has_sky_light,
-            moon_phase: day.div_euclid(24_000).rem_euclid(8) as u8,
-            day_fraction: (day.rem_euclid(24_000) as f32 + partial_tick) / 24_000.0,
-            partial_tick,
-            eye_light,
-        }
-    }
    /// `SkyRenderer.shouldRenderDarkDisc`: eye below the horizon (y 63) and not under water.
    pub(super) fn dark_disc(&self, camera: glam::DVec3) -> bool {
        camera.y < 63.0
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+//! A server's resource packs bound to the game (`ClientCommonPacketListenerImpl.
+//! handleResourcePackPush` and `handleResourcePackPop`, its `PackConfirmScreen`,
+//! and `DownloadedPackSource` as `Minecraft` drives it): the prompt, the
+//! server list's setting, downloads into `downloads/`, and a resource reload
+//! with the server's packs on top of the player's own.
+use super::Game;
+use horizon_client::{
+    Result,
+    confirm_screen::Confirm,
+    hud::{HudAtlas, HudBatch},
+    java_text, multiplayer, packs,
+    scoreboard::{comp_text, tag_to_json},
+    server_packs::{Prompt, ServerPacks, action, download, parse_sha1, valid_url},
+    text::{Text, named_color},
+    toasts::SystemToast,
+    ui,
+};
+use horizon_core::jmath;
+use horizon_protocol::{packets::configuration::ResourcePackPush, servers};
+use std::{
+    path::PathBuf,
+    sync::mpsc::{Receiver, TryRecvError},
+};
+
+/// `ClientCommonPacketListenerImpl.PackConfirmScreen`: the packs it asks
+/// about, whether the last one is required, and the server's message.
+pub(super) struct PackPrompt {
+    requests: Vec<(u128, String, String)>,
+    required: bool,
+    prompt: Option<Text>,
+}
+impl PackPrompt {
+    fn texts(&self) -> (Text, Text, [Text; 2]) {
+        let t = |key: &str| Text::translate(key, &[]);
+        let (title, line2) = if self.required {
+            let yellow = named_color("yellow").unwrap_or(0xFFFF55);
+            (
+                t("multiplayer.requiredTexturePrompt.line1"),
+                t("multiplayer.requiredTexturePrompt.line2")
+                    .with_color(yellow)
+                    .bold(),
+            )
+        } else {
+            (
+                t("multiplayer.texturePrompt.line1"),
+                t("multiplayer.texturePrompt.line2"),
+            )
+        };
+        // preparePackPrompt.
+        let message = match &self.prompt {
+            Some(prompt) => Text::translate(
+                "multiplayer.texturePrompt.serverPrompt",
+                &[line2, prompt.clone()],
+            ),
+            None => line2,
+        };
+        let buttons = if self.required {
+            [t("gui.proceed"), t("menu.disconnect")]
+        } else {
+            [t("gui.yes"), t("gui.no")]
+        };
+        (title, message, buttons)
+    }
+    fn layout(&self, atlas: &HudAtlas, size: (f32, f32)) -> Confirm {
+        let (title, message, _) = self.texts();
+        Confirm::new(&atlas.font, size, &title, &message)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The game's `DownloadedPackSource`.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(super) struct ServerPackState {
+    packs: ServerPacks,
+    /// `downloads/` in the game folder, opened at the first download.
+    queue: Option<download::Queue>,
+    pub(super) prompt: Option<PackPrompt>,
+    /// The server list entry the setting is saved to (none: a direct join).
+    address: Option<String>,
+    /// The account the downloads are made for (the download headers).
+    user: (String, u128),
+    /// The packs loaded on top of the player's own, bottom first.
+    pub(super) active: Vec<packs::Pack>,
+    /// The download batches' notifiers, oldest first.
+    notifiers: Vec<PackNotifier>,
+}
+/// `DownloadedPackSource.createDownloadNotifier`: one batch's progress in its
+/// own `SystemToast`.
+struct PackNotifier {
+    progress: Receiver<download::Progress>,
+    total: usize,
+    /// `count`: the requests started.
+    count: usize,
+    /// `failCount`.
+    failed: usize,
+    /// `totalBytes`: the Content-Length of the request in flight.
+    size: Option<u64>,
+    /// The bytes it has written so far: none before the first response.
+    bytes: Option<u64>,
+    /// The last request has finished.
+    done: bool,
+    toast: Option<SystemToast>,
+}
+impl PackNotifier {
+    fn new(progress: Receiver<download::Progress>, total: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            progress,
+            total,
+            count: 0,
+            failed: 0,
+            size: None,
+            bytes: None,
+            done: false,
+            toast: None,
+        }
+    }
+    /// The batch's events since the last call, with the toast updated once
+    /// for all of them. False once the batch has ended and its toast is gone.
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let (mut changed, mut hide) = (false, false);
+        let ended = loop {
+            let event = match self.progress.try_recv() {
+                Ok(event) => event,
+                Err(e) => break e == TryRecvError::Disconnected,
+            };
+            changed |= match event {
+                download::Progress::RequestStart => {
+                    self.count += 1;
+                    true
+                }
+                download::Progress::DownloadStart(size) => {
+                    self.size = size;
+                    self.bytes = Some(0);
+                    true
+                }
+                download::Progress::Bytes(bytes) => {
+                    self.bytes = Some(bytes);
+                    true
+                }
+                download::Progress::RequestFinished(ok) => {
+                    self.failed += usize::from(!ok);
+                    self.done = self.count == self.total;
+                    // Every pack came: forceHide; else the failure title.
+                    hide |= self.done && self.failed == 0;
+                    self.done && self.failed > 0
+                }
+            };
+        };
+        if changed {
+            let (title, message) = self.text();
+            let (title, message) = (title.plain(), message.map(|m| m.plain()));
+            // SystemToast.addOrUpdate.
+            match &mut self.toast {
+                Some(toast) => toast.reset(title, message),
+                None => self.toast = Some(SystemToast::new(title, message)),
+            }
+        }
+        if hide && let Some(toast) = &mut self.toast {
+            toast.force_hide();
+        }
+        !ended || self.toast.is_some()
+    }
+    /// The toast's title and message.
+    fn text(&self) -> (Text, Option<Text>) {
+        if self.done && self.failed > 0 {
+            let failed = Text::tr("download.pack.failed", &[&self.failed, &self.total]);
+            return (failed, None);
+        }
+        let title = Text::tr("download.pack.title", &[&self.count, &self.total]);
+        let message = self.bytes.map(|bytes| match self.size {
+            Some(size) if size > 0 => {
+                Text::tr("download.pack.progress.percent", &[&(bytes * 100 / size)])
+            }
+            _ => Text::tr("download.pack.progress.bytes", &[&human_readable(bytes)]),
+        });
+        (title, message)
+    }
+}
+/// `com.mojang.realmsclient.Unit.humanReadable`, for
+/// `download.pack.progress.bytes`.
+fn human_readable(bytes: u64) -> String {
+    if bytes < 1024 {
+        return format!("{bytes} B");
+    }
+    let exp = (jmath::log(bytes as f64) / jmath::log(1024.0)) as i32;
+    let prefix = &"KMGTPE"[exp as usize - 1..exp as usize];
+    let value = bytes as f64 / 1024f64.powi(exp);
+    format!("{} {prefix}B", java_text::format_fixed(value, 1))
+}
+
+fn saves() -> PathBuf {
+    std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_default().join("saves")
+}
+
+impl Game<'_> {
+    /// `ConnectScreen`: the server's setting decides what its packs do
+    /// (`configureForServerControl`); single player's own server takes them
+    /// all, quietly (`configureForLocalWorld`).
+    pub(super) fn server_packs_connect(&mut self, address: Option<&str>, user: (String, u128)) {
+        let state = &mut self.server_packs;
+        state.user = user;
+        state.prompt = None;
+        state.notifiers.clear();
+        let Some(address) = address else {
+            state.address = None;
+            state.packs.local_world();
+            return;
+        };
+        let file = multiplayer::servers_file(&saves());
+        let entry = servers::load(&file).into_iter().find(|s| s.ip == address);
+        let setting = entry.as_ref().and_then(|e| e.accept_textures);
+        state.address = entry.map(|e| e.ip);
+        state.packs.connect(Prompt::for_server(setting));
+    }
+    /// `Minecraft.clearDownloadedResourcePacks`: every server pack goes at once.
+    pub(super) fn server_packs_disconnect(&mut self) {
+        self.server_packs.prompt = None;
+        self.server_packs.notifiers.clear();
+        self.server_packs.packs.disconnect();
+        self.tick_server_packs();
+    }
+
+    /// `handleResourcePackPush`.
+    pub(super) fn handle_pack_push(&mut self, p: ResourcePackPush) {
+        if !valid_url(&p.url) {
+            self.send_pack_status(p.id, action::INVALID_URL);
+            return;
+        }
+        let setting = self.server_setting();
+        let prompt = Prompt::for_server(setting);
+        if prompt != Prompt::Pending && (!p.required || prompt != Prompt::Declined) {
+            self.server_packs
+                .packs
+                .push(p.id, &p.url, parse_sha1(&p.hash));
+            return;
+        }
+        // addOrUpdatePackPrompt: one prompt for every pack pushed before it is answered.
+        let text = p.prompt.as_ref().map(|t| comp_text(&tag_to_json(t)));
+        let state = &mut self.server_packs;
+        let open = state.prompt.get_or_insert(PackPrompt {
+            requests: Vec::new(),
+            required: p.required,
+            prompt: None,
+        });
+        open.requests.push((p.id, p.url, p.hash));
+        open.required = p.required;
+        open.prompt = text;
+        self.capture(false);
+    }
+    /// `handleResourcePackPop`: one pack, or all of them.
+    pub(super) fn handle_pack_pop(&mut self, id: Option<u128>) {
+        match id {
+            Some(id) => self.server_packs.packs.pop(id),
+            None => self.server_packs.packs.pop_all(),
+        }
+    }
+    /// The joined server's entry in the server list: its `acceptTextures`.
+    fn server_setting(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        let address = self.server_packs.address.as_deref()?;
+        servers::load(&multiplayer::servers_file(&saves()))
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|s| s.ip == address)?
+            .accept_textures
+    }
+    fn send_pack_status(&self, id: u128, status: i32) {
+        if let Some(r) = &self.remote {
+            r.session.send_pack_status(id, status);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The prompt's answer (`PackConfirmScreen`'s callback): the server's
+    /// setting follows it, declining a required pack disconnects, and every
+    /// pack it asked about is pushed.
+    pub(super) fn answer_pack_prompt(&mut self, yes: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let Some(prompt) = self.server_packs.prompt.take() else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if self.player.is_some() && self.screen == super::Screen::Playing {
+            self.capture(true);
+        }
+        let setting = if yes {
+            self.server_packs.packs.allow();
+            Some(true)
+        } else {
+            self.server_packs.packs.reject();
+            if prompt.required {
+                let reason = Text::translate("multiplayer.requiredTexturePrompt.disconnect", &[]);
+                return self.leave_server(Some(reason.plain()));
+            }
+            Some(false)
+        };
+        for (id, url, hash) in prompt.requests {
+            self.server_packs.packs.push(id, &url, parse_sha1(&hash));
+        }
+        // ServerList.saveSingleServer.
+        if let Some(address) = &self.server_packs.address {
+            let file = multiplayer::servers_file(&saves());
+            let mut list = servers::load(&file);
+            for entry in list.iter_mut().filter(|s| &s.ip == address) {
+                entry.accept_textures = setting;
+            }
+            if let Err(e) = servers::save(&file, &list) {
+                log::warn!("Horizon: could not save {}: {e}", file.display());
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Runs what the packs need (`createUpdateScheduler`): the downloads
+    /// that finished, the ones to start, a resource reload when the active
+    /// packs change, and the statuses for the server.
+    pub(super) fn tick_server_packs(&mut self) {
+        self.server_packs.notifiers.retain_mut(PackNotifier::poll);
+        // A reload waits for the world's resources (`reload_packs`).
+        if self.rest_loader.is_some() || self.world_loader.is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let finished = self
+            .server_packs
+            .queue
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(download::Queue::finished)
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        for batch in finished {
+            self.server_packs.packs.downloaded(batch);
+        }
+        while self.server_packs.packs.wants_tick() {
+            let tick = self.server_packs.packs.tick();
+            if !tick.download.is_empty() {
+                self.start_pack_downloads(tick.download);
+            }
+            if let Some(mut load) = tick.reload {
+                while let Some(recovery) = {
+                    let ok = self.reload_server_packs(&load);
+                    self.server_packs.packs.reloaded(ok)
+                } {
+                    load = recovery;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (id, status) in self.server_packs.packs.take_replies() {
+            self.send_pack_status(id, status);
+        }
+    }
+    fn start_pack_downloads(&mut self, requests: Vec<horizon_client::server_packs::Request>) {
+        let state = &mut self.server_packs;
+        if state.queue.is_none() {
+            let dir = std::env::current_dir()
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .join("downloads");
+            match download::Queue::open(dir) {
+                Ok(queue) => state.queue = Some(queue),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::error!("Horizon: failed to open the download queue: {e}");
+                    // Every request failed, as the notifier would hear it.
+                    let (progress, events) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+                    for _ in &requests {
+                        let _ = progress.send(download::Progress::RequestStart);
+                        let _ = progress.send(download::Progress::RequestFinished(false));
+                    }
+                    state
+                        .notifiers
+                        .push(PackNotifier::new(events, requests.len()));
+                    let failed = requests.iter().map(|r| r.id).collect();
+                    state.packs.downloaded(horizon_client::server_packs::Batch {
+                        downloaded: Vec::new(),
+                        failed,
+                    });
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let headers = download::headers(&state.user.0, state.user.1);
+        let (progress, events) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        state
+            .notifiers
+            .push(PackNotifier::new(events, requests.len()));
+        if let Some(queue) = &state.queue {
+            queue.download(requests, headers, progress);
+        }
+    }
+    /// `DownloadedPackSource.startReload`: the packs on top of the player's
+    /// own, then `Minecraft.reloadResourcePacks`. False when a pack has no
+    /// readable `pack.mcmeta` or the reload failed.
+    fn reload_server_packs(&mut self, load: &[(u128, PathBuf)]) -> bool {
+        let packs: Option<Vec<_>> = load
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(id, path)| packs::server_pack(*id, path))
+            .collect();
+        let Some(packs) = packs else {
+            log::warn!("Horizon: invalid pack metadata in a server pack, ignoring all");
+            return false;
+        };
+        self.server_packs.active = packs;
+        match self.reload_selected_packs() {
+            Ok(()) => true,
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::warn!("Horizon: server resource pack reload failed: {e}");
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn draw_pack_prompt(&self, batch: &mut HudBatch) {
+        let Some(prompt) = &self.server_packs.prompt else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let atlas = &self.gui.atlas;
+        let (w, h) = (batch.width, batch.height);
+        if self.player.is_none() {
+            // In place of the connecting screen, on its background.
+            batch.fill(
+                atlas,
+                0.0,
+                0.0,
+                w,
+                h,
+                horizon_client::hud::rgba(20, 20, 20, 255),
+            );
+        }
+        ui::menu_background(batch, atlas, 0.0, 0.0, w, h, self.player.is_some());
+        let (_, _, [yes, no]) = prompt.texts();
+        prompt
+            .layout(atlas, (w, h))
+            .draw(batch, atlas, self.cursor, [&yes, &no]);
+    }
+    /// The download notifiers' toasts, each in the next 32-pixel slot
+    /// below an advancement or recipe toast (`ToastManager`).
+    pub(super) fn draw_pack_toasts(&mut self, batch: &mut HudBatch) {
+        let multiplier = f64::from(self.settings.notification_display_time);
+        let mut slot = usize::from(!self.adv.toasts.is_empty());
+        for notifier in &mut self.server_packs.notifiers {
+            let Some(toast) = &mut notifier.toast else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let (sound, finished) = toast.update(multiplier);
+            if let Some(show) = sound {
+                let event = if show { "ui.toast.in" } else { "ui.toast.out" };
+                self.audio
+                    .play(&format!("minecraft:{event}"), None, 1.0, 1.0);
+            }
+            if finished {
+                notifier.toast = None;
+                continue;
+            }
+            toast.draw(&self.gui.atlas, batch, 32.0 * slot as f32);
+            slot += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    /// A left click on the prompt: its answer when it hit a button.
+    pub(super) fn pack_prompt_click(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let Some(prompt) = &self.server_packs.prompt else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let answer = prompt
+            .layout(&self.gui.atlas, self.gui_size())
+            .answer_at(self.cursor);
+        match answer {
+            Some(yes) => {
+                self.audio.play_button_click();
+                self.answer_pack_prompt(yes)
+            }
+            None => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use download::Progress::*;
+
+    fn notifier(total: usize, events: &[download::Progress]) -> PackNotifier {
+        let (send, receive) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        for event in events {
+            send.send(*event).unwrap();
+        }
+        let mut notifier = PackNotifier::new(receive, total);
+        assert!(notifier.poll());
+        notifier
+    }
+    fn texts(n: &PackNotifier) -> (serde_json::Value, Option<serde_json::Value>) {
+        let (title, message) = n.text();
+        (title.component(), message.map(|m| m.component()))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_toast_counts_requests_and_shows_progress() {
+        let n = notifier(2, &[RequestStart]);
+        let (title, message) = texts(&n);
+        assert_eq!(title["translate"], "download.pack.title");
+        assert_eq!(title["with"], serde_json::json!([1, 2]));
+        assert_eq!(message, None);
+        let n = notifier(2, &[RequestStart, DownloadStart(Some(400)), Bytes(100)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            texts(&n).1.unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!({"translate": "download.pack.progress.percent", "with": [25]})
+        );
+        let n = notifier(1, &[RequestStart, DownloadStart(None), Bytes(1280)]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            texts(&n).1.unwrap()["with"],
+            serde_json::json!([{"text": "1.3 KB"}])
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_failed_pack_turns_the_toast_into_the_failure_count() {
+        let events = [
+            RequestStart,
+            RequestFinished(false),
+            RequestStart,
+            DownloadStart(Some(3)),
+            Bytes(3),
+        ];
+        let (send, receive) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        for event in events {
+            send.send(event).unwrap();
+        }
+        let mut n = PackNotifier::new(receive, 2);
+        assert!(n.poll());
+        // Not the last request yet: still downloading.
+        assert_eq!(texts(&n).0["translate"], "download.pack.title");
+        send.send(RequestFinished(true)).unwrap();
+        drop(send);
+        assert!(n.poll(), "the failure toast stays until it slides out");
+        let (title, message) = texts(&n);
+        assert_eq!(
+            title,
+            serde_json::json!({"translate": "download.pack.failed", "with": [1, 2]})
+        );
+        assert_eq!(message, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_finished_batch_without_a_toast_is_dropped() {
+        let (send, receive) = std::sync::mpsc::channel::<download::Progress>();
+        drop(send);
+        assert!(!PackNotifier::new(receive, 1).poll());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sizes_read_as_realms_unit_human_readable() {
+        // com.mojang.realmsclient.Unit.humanReadable, run on the 26.3 jar.
+        for (bytes, text) in [
+            (0, "0 B"),
+            (1023, "1023 B"),
+            (1024, "1.0 KB"),
+            (1280, "1.3 KB"),
+            (1535, "1.5 KB"),
+            (10_000, "9.8 KB"),
+            (1_048_575, "1024.0 KB"),
+            (1_048_576, "1.0 MB"),
+            (52_428_800, "50.0 MB"),
+            (262_144_000, "250.0 MB"),
+            (1_073_741_824, "1.0 GB"),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(human_readable(bytes), text, "{bytes}");
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-//! The selected Horizon shader pack (`shaderPack` in `horizon-graphics.txt`,
-//! docs/shader-packs.md): loaded from `shaderpacks/`, given to the renderer,
-//! and loaded again when the selection changes, on F3 + T, or when its files
-//! change (checked twice a second). A pack that fails leaves the last good
-//! one (or the vanilla picture) on and says why in chat.
-use super::Game;
-use horizon_client::shader_pack::{self, ShaderPack, Stamp};
-use horizon_client::text::Text;
-use horizon_shaderpack::properties::SkyDirectives;
-use std::{
-    path::PathBuf,
-    time::{Duration, Instant},
-};
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub(super) struct ShaderPacks {
-    /// The pack the renderer runs.
-    pack: Option<ShaderPack>,
-    /// The selection and its files at the last load, success or not.
-    selected: String,
-    stamp: Stamp,
-    checked: Option<Instant>,
-}
-
-impl ShaderPacks {
-    /// The loaded pack's folder name.
-    pub(super) fn id(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        self.pack.as_ref().map(|p| p.id.as_str())
-    }
-    /// What a loaded Java pack changes in the vanilla sky of `dimension`
-    /// (0 overworld, -1 the Nether, 1 the End): its `sunPathRotation`, and
-    /// whether it keeps the clouds, sun and moon (Iris's sky mixins).
-    pub(super) fn java_sky(&self, dimension: i8) -> Option<(f32, SkyDirectives)> {
-        let java = self.pack.as_ref()?.java.as_ref()?;
-        let folder = &java.folders[java.folder_for(dimension)?];
-        Some((folder.directives.sun_path_rotation, java.sky))
-    }
-}
-
-pub(super) fn dir() -> PathBuf {
-    shader_pack::folder()
-}
-
-impl Game<'_> {
-    /// Load the selected pack and give it to the renderer.
-    pub(super) fn load_shader_pack(&mut self) {
-        let id = self.settings.horizon.shader_pack.clone();
-        let dir = dir();
-        let state = &mut self.shader_packs;
-        state.selected = id.clone();
-        state.checked = Some(Instant::now());
-        let pack = if id.is_empty() {
-            state.stamp = Stamp::default();
-            None
-        } else {
-            state.stamp = Stamp::of(&dir.join(&id));
-            // Java packs are told which GPU they run on.
-            let (vendor, renderer) = self.renderer.as_ref().map_or(("Unknown", ""), |r| {
-                let name = r.info.name.as_str();
-                (
-                    horizon_client::java_pack::vendor_name(r.info.vendor, name),
-                    name,
-                )
-            });
-            let values = shader_pack::load_values(&dir, &id);
-            match ShaderPack::load_any(&dir.join(&id), &values, vendor, renderer) {
-                Ok(pack) => Some(pack),
-                Err(e) => return self.shader_pack_error(&id, &e),
-            }
-        };
-        if let Some(r) = self.renderer.as_mut()
-            && let Err(e) = r.set_shader_pack(pack.as_ref(), &self.pack.render.sprite_layers)
-        {
-            return self.shader_pack_error(&id, &e.to_string());
-        }
-        self.shader_packs.pack = pack;
-        self.ui.options.shader_pack_error = None;
-    }
-    /// Give the loaded pack to the renderer (also after it is rebuilt).
-    pub(super) fn apply_shader_pack(&mut self) -> horizon_client::Result<()> {
-        match self.renderer.as_mut() {
-            Some(r) => r.set_shader_pack(
-                self.shader_packs.pack.as_ref(),
-                &self.pack.render.sprite_layers,
-            ),
-            None => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-    /// Every frame: a new selection or edited pack files load it again.
-    pub(super) fn poll_shader_pack(&mut self) {
-        let state = &mut self.shader_packs;
-        if self.settings.horizon.shader_pack != state.selected {
-            return self.load_shader_pack();
-        }
-        if state.selected.is_empty()
-            || state
-                .checked
-                .is_some_and(|t| t.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(500))
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        state.checked = Some(Instant::now());
-        if Stamp::of(&dir().join(&state.selected)) != state.stamp {
-            self.load_shader_pack();
-        }
-    }
-    /// A file dropped on the window: a shader pack while the Shader Packs
-    /// page shows (`OptionsUi::drop_shader_pack`).
-    pub(super) fn drop_shader_pack(&mut self, path: &std::path::Path) {
-        match self.ui.options.drop_shader_pack(&mut self.settings, path) {
-            Some(Ok(())) => {
-                self.settings.save(&Self::options_path());
-                self.load_shader_pack();
-            }
-            Some(Err(e)) => {
-                log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack {}: {e}", path.display());
-                self.system_message(Text::literal(format!("Shader pack: {e}")));
-            }
-            None => {}
-        }
-    }
-    fn shader_pack_error(&mut self, id: &str, error: &str) {
-        log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack {id}: {error}");
-        // The Shader Packs page says why on the pack's row: the first line,
-        // since translator errors go on with a drawn source excerpt.
-        let first = error.lines().map(str::trim).find(|l| !l.is_empty());
-        self.ui.options.shader_pack_error =
-            Some((id.to_owned(), first.unwrap_or(error).to_owned()));
-        self.system_message(Text::literal(format!("Shader pack {id}: {error}")));
-    }
-}
@@ -219,12 +219,11 @@ pub(super) fn spawn_loader(
        .name("resource-loader".into())
        .spawn(move || {
            let mut pack_error = None;
-            let root = packs::startup_root(&vanilla_root, &settings.resource_packs).unwrap_or_else(
-                |error| {
+            let root = packs::startup_root(&vanilla_root, &settings.resource_packs, &[])
+                .unwrap_or_else(|error| {
                    pack_error = Some(error.to_string());
                    vanilla_root.clone()
-                },
-            );
+                });
            let root = mods::content_root(&root, &settings.mods.enabled, &dev_mods);
            let result = load_resources(
                root,
@@ -367,11 +366,6 @@ impl Loading {
                    let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
                    packs::open_folder(&dir);
                }
-                Event::OpenShaderPackFolder => {
-                    let dir = horizon_client::shader_pack::folder();
-                    let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
-                    packs::open_folder(&dir);
-                }
                Event::Credits => {
                    if let Some(gui) = &self.gui {
                        let name = self.options.as_ref().map_or_else(
@@ -387,9 +381,6 @@ impl Loading {
                        self.menu.win = Some((screen, Instant::now()));
                    }
                }
-                Event::ReloadShaderPack => {
-                    self.save_menu_settings();
-                }
                // The startup menu runs before the game opens a control socket.
                Event::ButtonClick | Event::CopyAgentDetails => {}
            }
@@ -455,17 +446,6 @@ impl Loading {
                }
                self.apply_menu_settings();
            }
-            WindowEvent::DroppedFile(path) => {
-                match self
-                    .menu
-                    .options
-                    .drop_shader_pack(&mut self.settings, &path)
-                {
-                    Some(Ok(())) => self.save_menu_settings(),
-                    Some(Err(e)) => log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack {}: {e}", path.display()),
-                    None => {}
-                }
-            }
            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => self.draw(),
            WindowEvent::ModifiersChanged(modifiers) => self.menu.modifiers = modifiers.state(),
            WindowEvent::Focused(false) => {
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+//! Server text displays: metadata, interpolation, billboard transforms and world text.
+use super::Game;
+use horizon_client::{
+    hud::{HudBatch, rgba},
+    mesher::Vertex,
+    text::Text,
+    text_display::{Align, TextDisplayData},
+};
+use horizon_protocol::entity_data::Value;
+
+pub(super) struct RemoteTextDisplay {
+    pub data: TextDisplayData,
+    from: TextDisplayData,
+    shown: TextDisplayData,
+    position: glam::DVec3,
+    previous: glam::DVec3,
+    target: glam::DVec3,
+    rotation: [f32; 2],
+    old_rotation: [f32; 2],
+    target_rotation: [f32; 2],
+    steps: i32,
+    age: i64,
+    start: i64,
+    duration: i32,
+    dirty: bool,
+    start_dirty: bool,
+    duration_dirty: bool,
+    initialized: bool,
+    /// `Display.lastProgress`: the progress the last frame drew, where a new
+    /// interpolation starts from.
+    last_progress: f32,
+    /// `TextDisplay.clientDisplayCache`: the split lines, until the render
+    /// state changes.
+    lines: Option<Lines>,
+}
+
+/// `TextDisplay.CachedInfo`: each line and its width, and the widest.
+struct Lines {
+    lines: Vec<(Text, f32)>,
+    width: f32,
+}
+
+/// `Display.RENDER_STATE_IDS` and `TextDisplay.TEXT_RENDER_STATE_IDS`: the
+/// data a render state is built from (not the view range, size or glow).
+fn renders(id: u8) -> bool {
+    matches!(id, 11..=16 | 18 | 19 | 23..=27)
+}
+
+impl RemoteTextDisplay {
+    pub fn new(position: [f64; 3], yaw: f32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data: Default::default(),
+            from: Default::default(),
+            shown: Default::default(),
+            position: position.into(),
+            previous: position.into(),
+            target: position.into(),
+            rotation: [yaw, 0.0],
+            old_rotation: [yaw, 0.0],
+            target_rotation: [yaw, 0.0],
+            steps: 0,
+            age: 0,
+            start: 0,
+            duration: 0,
+            dirty: true,
+            start_dirty: false,
+            duration_dirty: false,
+            initialized: false,
+            last_progress: 0.0,
+            lines: None,
+        }
+    }
+    fn progress(&self, partial: f32) -> f32 {
+        if self.duration <= 0 {
+            1.0
+        } else {
+            (((self.age - self.start) as f32 + partial) / self.duration as f32).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn metadata(&mut self, values: &[(u8, i32, Value)]) {
+        self.start_dirty |= values.iter().any(|v| v.0 == 8);
+        self.duration_dirty |= values.iter().any(|v| v.0 == 9);
+        self.dirty |= values.iter().any(|v| renders(v.0));
+        self.data.apply(values);
+    }
+    fn tick(&mut self) {
+        self.age += 1;
+        self.previous = self.position;
+        self.old_rotation = self.rotation;
+        if self.steps > 0 {
+            self.position += (self.target - self.position) / f64::from(self.steps);
+            for i in 0..2 {
+                self.rotation[i] +=
+                    angle(self.target_rotation[i] - self.rotation[i]) / self.steps as f32;
+            }
+            self.steps -= 1;
+        }
+        if self.start_dirty {
+            self.start = self.age + i64::from(self.data.interpolation_delay);
+        }
+        if self.duration_dirty {
+            self.duration = self.data.interpolation_duration;
+        }
+        if self.dirty {
+            self.from = if self.initialized && self.duration > 0 {
+                self.shown.blend(&self.from, self.last_progress)
+            } else {
+                self.data.clone()
+            };
+            self.shown = self.data.clone();
+            self.initialized = true;
+            self.lines = None;
+        }
+        self.dirty = false;
+        self.start_dirty = false;
+        self.duration_dirty = false;
+    }
+    fn move_to(&mut self, position: [f64; 3], rotation: Option<(f32, f32)>) {
+        self.target = position.into();
+        if let Some((yaw, pitch)) = rotation {
+            self.target_rotation = [yaw, pitch];
+        }
+        self.steps = self.data.teleport_duration.clamp(0, 59);
+        if self.steps == 0 {
+            self.position = self.target;
+            self.previous = self.target;
+            self.rotation = self.target_rotation;
+            self.old_rotation = self.rotation;
+        }
+    }
+}
+fn angle(d: f32) -> f32 {
+    (d + 180.0).rem_euclid(360.0) - 180.0
+}
+
+impl Game<'_> {
+    pub(super) fn move_remote_text_display(
+        &mut self,
+        id: i32,
+        position: [f64; 3],
+        rotation: Option<(f32, f32)>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(d) = self.text_displays.get_mut(&id) {
+            d.move_to(position, rotation);
+        }
+    }
+    pub(super) fn tick_text_displays(&mut self) {
+        for display in self.text_displays.values_mut() {
+            display.tick();
+        }
+    }
+    pub(super) fn text_display_geometry(
+        &mut self,
+        camera: glam::DVec3,
+        partial: f64,
+        normal: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
+        see_through: &mut Vec<Vertex>,
+    ) {
+        self.text_display_vertices = 0;
+        let atlas = &self.gui.atlas;
+        let front = self.camera_type == super::perspective::CameraType::ThirdPersonFront;
+        let angles = if front {
+            [self.yaw + 180.0, -self.pitch]
+        } else {
+            [self.yaw, self.pitch]
+        };
+        for display in self.text_displays.values_mut() {
+            display.last_progress = display.progress(partial as f32);
+            let d = display.shown.blend(&display.from, display.last_progress);
+            let position = display.previous.lerp(display.position, partial);
+            let range = f64::from(d.view_range) * 64.0 * f64::from(self.settings.entity_distance);
+            if position.distance_squared(camera) >= range * range || d.text.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let rotation = std::array::from_fn(|i| {
+                display.old_rotation[i]
+                    + angle(display.rotation[i] - display.old_rotation[i]) * partial as f32
+            });
+            let mut matrix = glam::Mat4::from_translation((position - camera).as_vec3())
+                * d.matrix(rotation, angles)
+                * glam::Mat4::from_rotation_y(std::f32::consts::PI)
+                * glam::Mat4::from_scale(glam::Vec3::splat(-0.025));
+            if !matrix.is_finite() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // TextDisplayRenderer.splitLines: Font.split, no indent on wrapped lines.
+            let Lines { lines, width } = display.lines.get_or_insert_with(|| {
+                let lines: Vec<_> = atlas
+                    .font
+                    .split(&d.text, d.line_width as f32)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|line| {
+                        let width = atlas.font.width_text(&line).ceil();
+                        (line, width)
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                let width = lines.iter().map(|l| l.1).fold(0.0, f32::max);
+                Lines { lines, width }
+            });
+            let width = *width;
+            let height = lines.len() as f32 * 10.0 - 1.0;
+            matrix *=
+                glam::Mat4::from_translation(glam::Vec3::new(1.0 - width / 2.0, -height, 0.0));
+            let mut batch = HudBatch::new([1, 1]);
+            let bg = if d.flags & 4 != 0 {
+                self.settings.text_background(0.25)
+            } else {
+                d.background as u32
+            };
+            if bg != 0 {
+                batch.fill(
+                    atlas,
+                    -1.0,
+                    -1.0,
+                    width + 1.0,
+                    height + 1.0,
+                    rgba(
+                        (bg >> 16) as u8,
+                        (bg >> 8) as u8,
+                        bg as u8,
+                        (bg >> 24) as u8,
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+            let align = d.align();
+            for (i, (line, line_width)) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
+                let x = match align {
+                    Align::Left => 0.0,
+                    Align::Right => width - line_width,
+                    Align::Center => (width - line_width) / 2.0,
+                };
+                batch.text_styled(
+                    atlas,
+                    line,
+                    x,
+                    i as f32 * 10.0,
+                    rgba(255, 255, 255, d.opacity as u8),
+                    d.flags & 1 != 0,
+                );
+            }
+            let world_light = self.world.light(
+                position.x.floor() as i32,
+                position.y.floor() as i32,
+                position.z.floor() as i32,
+            );
+            let light = if d.brightness == -1 {
+                horizon_client::block_entity_render::vertex_light(world_light)
+            } else {
+                ((d.brightness as u32 >> 20 & 15) * 16)
+                    | (((d.brightness as u32 >> 4 & 15) * 16) << 8)
+            };
+            let through = d.flags & 2 != 0;
+            let out = if through {
+                &mut *see_through
+            } else {
+                &mut *normal
+            };
+            for quad in batch.vertices.as_chunks::<6>().0 {
+                for i in [0, 1, 2, 5] {
+                    let v = quad[i];
+                    let point =
+                        matrix.transform_point3(glam::Vec3::new(v.pos[0], v.pos[1], v.depth));
+                    out.push(Vertex {
+                        pos: point.to_array(),
+                        uv: v.uv,
+                        color: v.color,
+                        light,
+                        layer: if through { 2 } else { 0 },
+                        normal: [0; 4],
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            self.text_display_vertices += batch.vertices.len() / 6 * 4;
+            self.map_patches.extend(batch.patches);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn metadata_and_position_interpolation_keep_their_separate_clocks() {
+        let mut d = RemoteTextDisplay::new([0.0; 3], 0.0);
+        d.tick();
+        d.metadata(&[
+            (8, 1, Value::Int(0)),
+            (9, 1, Value::Int(4)),
+            (10, 1, Value::Int(2)),
+            (11, 0, Value::Floats(vec![4.0, 0.0, 0.0])),
+        ]);
+        d.tick();
+        assert_eq!(d.shown.blend(&d.from, d.progress(0.5)).translation[0], 0.5);
+        d.move_to([2.0, 0.0, 0.0], Some((90.0, 0.0)));
+        d.tick();
+        assert_eq!(d.position.x, 1.0);
+        assert_eq!(d.rotation[0], 45.0);
+        d.tick();
+        assert_eq!(d.position.x, 2.0);
+        assert_eq!(d.shown.blend(&d.from, d.progress(0.0)).translation[0], 2.0);
+    }
+}
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 //! its boss bar, and its skulls hitting and exploding.
 use super::Game;
 use horizon_client::{
-    hud_overlays,
    mobs::{Damage, DamageKind, Species, Who},
    projectiles::{Projectile, ProjectileKind},
-    text::Text,
 };

 impl Game<'_> {
@@ -78,45 +76,6 @@ impl Game<'_> {
        }
        Ok(())
    }
-    /// The wither boss bars (purple), within range.
-    pub(super) fn wither_bars(&self, bars: &mut Vec<hud_overlays::BossBar>) {
-        let Some(p) = self.player.as_ref() else {
-            return;
-        };
-        for m in self
-            .mobs
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|m| m.species() == Species::Wither && m.alive())
-        {
-            if m.position.distance_squared(p.position) > 64.0 * 64.0 {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let progress = if m.extra.counter > 0 {
-                1.0 - m.extra.counter as f32 / horizon_client::mobs::wither::INVULNERABLE as f32
-            } else {
-                (m.health / m.attrs.max_health).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
-            };
-            let name = m
-                .custom_name
-                .clone()
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| self.translate("entity.minecraft.wither", "Wither"));
-            bars.push(hud_overlays::BossBar {
-                name: Text::literal(name),
-                progress,
-                color: 5,
-                overlay: 0,
-            });
-        }
-    }
-    pub(super) fn wither_near(&self) -> bool {
-        self.player.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| {
-            self.mobs.iter().any(|m| {
-                m.species() == Species::Wither
-                    && m.alive()
-                    && m.position.distance_squared(p.position) <= 64.0 * 64.0
-            })
-        })
-    }
    /// `WitherSkull.onHitEntity` / `onHit`: 8 damage (healing the wither 5
    /// when it kills), withering for 10 seconds, then a power 1 blast.
    pub(super) fn wither_skull_hit(
@@ -22,6 +22,23 @@ pub(super) struct PreparedWorld {
 }

 impl WorldRequest {
+    pub fn new(
+        folder: &str,
+        name: Option<&str>,
+        seed: Option<i64>,
+        creative: bool,
+        create: Option<&horizon_client::title::WorldOptions>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            save_root: std::env::current_dir()?.join("saves").join(folder),
+            folder: folder.to_owned(),
+            name: name.map(str::to_owned),
+            seed,
+            creative,
+            create: create.cloned(),
+        })
+    }
+
    pub fn prepare(
        self,
        res: &Resources,
@@ -245,13 +262,12 @@ pub(super) fn make_streaming(
    streaming.biome_blend = settings.biome_blend;
    streaming.smooth_lighting = settings.smooth_lighting;
    streaming.cutout_leaves = settings.cutout_leaves;
-    streaming.cull_leaves = settings.horizon.cull_leaves;
    streaming.biome_zoom = BiomeZoom::new(obfuscate_seed(seed));
    streaming.sky_light = dim != Dim::Nether;
    streaming.nether_shading = dim == Dim::Nether;
    // A server draws nothing: neither the integrated server nor the
    // dedicated one meshes sections.
-    streaming.mesh = !options.integrated && options.dedicated.is_none();
+    streaming.mesh = options.execution_role.is_client();
    Ok((streaming, save, locator))
 }

@@ -51,9 +51,6 @@ pub(super) struct SpriteAnimator {
    pipeline: wgpu::ComputePipeline,
    /// Edge of the arrays' layers.
    size: u32,
-    /// The sprite layers (across the arrays) the last `animate` rewrote, at
-    /// every mip level: a Java pack's atlas copies them.
-    pub changed: Vec<u32>,
 }

 impl SpriteAnimator {
@@ -208,7 +205,6 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
            jobs,
            pipeline,
            size,
-            changed: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

@@ -220,7 +216,6 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
        uploads: &mut Uploads,
        tick: u64,
    ) {
-        self.changed.clear();
        if self.collect(tick) == 0 {
            return;
        }
@@ -256,7 +251,6 @@ impl SpriteAnimator {
                continue;
            }
            sprite.shown = Some(blend);
-            self.changed.push(sprite.animation.layer);
            let job = [
                sprite.layer,
                sprite.frames[blend.frame],
@@ -65,11 +65,8 @@ pub struct Arena {
 }

 impl Arena {
-    /// Vertices; also storage, which a Java shader pack's terrain programs
-    /// read a quad's corners from (`gfx/java_terrain.rs`).
    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, stride: u64, capacity: u64) -> Self {
-        let usage = wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::STORAGE;
-        Self::with_usage(device, stride, capacity, usage)
+        Self::with_usage(device, stride, capacity, wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX)
    }
    /// Sorted translucent indices; `storage` when compute passes read them.
    pub fn indices(device: &wgpu::Device, capacity: u64, storage: bool) -> Self {
@@ -148,10 +145,6 @@ impl Arena {
    pub fn page_vertices(&self) -> u64 {
        self.page_limit
    }
-    /// One past the last page index.
-    pub fn page_count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.pages.len() as u32
-    }
    pub fn has_page(&self, page: u32) -> bool {
        self.pages.get(page as usize).is_some_and(Option::is_some)
    }
@@ -46,13 +46,15 @@ const RETEST: u32 = 8;
 /// more than they save. Else one frame in `PROBE` tests every section.
 const MIN_SHARE: f32 = 0.1;
 const PROBE: u32 = 64;
-/// On Metal, section draws from which a frame culls. Apple's GPUs store and
-/// reload the whole frame at each of the passes the test adds, a fixed cost
-/// that the sections it hides repay only at high render distances: on an M4
-/// Pro at 1080p and render distance 12 (1,000–1,600 draws) culling added
-/// about 0.05 ms of GPU time while hiding 15–30% of the solid indices; at
-/// 32 (drawn flat, over this many draws) it saved 0.25–1.6 ms.
-pub const TILED_MIN_DRAWS: usize = 4096;
+/// On Metal, sections in view from which a frame culls. Apple's GPUs store
+/// and reload the whole frame at each of the passes the test adds, a fixed
+/// cost that the sections it hides repay only at high render distances: on
+/// an M4 Pro at 1080p and render distance 12 (1,000–1,600 draws) culling
+/// added about 0.05 ms of GPU time while hiding 15–30% of the solid
+/// indices; at 32 (over 4,096 draws) it saved 0.25–1.6 ms. Those draws were
+/// 2.2 to 2.5 per section; a section's draw count now depends on the sides
+/// it shows the eye (`mesher::Sides`), so the bar counts sections.
+pub const TILED_MIN_SECTIONS: usize = 1600;
 /// Boxes over more than this share of the screen count as seen untested.
 const BIG: f32 = 0.25;
 /// Results read back at once, some frames late so the CPU never waits.
@@ -108,14 +110,6 @@ fn fs_box_early(in: Box) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
    see(in.test);
    return vec4(0.0);
 }
-
-// fs_box_early against a Java shader pack's depth (`vs_box_gl`), in a pass
-// without colour targets.
-@fragment
-@early_depth_test(force)
-fn fs_box_early_depth(in: Box) {
-    see(in.test);
-}
 ";

 /// The test's depth texture binding (`InShader`), for the view it was made with.
@@ -126,8 +120,6 @@ struct DepthGroup {

 pub struct Cull {
    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    /// [`Self::test_gl`]'s: a depth-only pass in OpenGL's layout.
-    gl_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
    group: Option<Group>,
    depth_test: DepthTest,
@@ -158,8 +150,8 @@ pub struct Cull {
    pub hidden: ([usize; 2], f32),
    /// Cull every frame, whatever the hidden share (A/B checks).
    pub always: bool,
-    /// Frames with fewer section draws than this do not cull.
-    pub min_draws: usize,
+    /// Frames with fewer sections in view than this do not cull.
+    pub min_sections: usize,
 }

 fn buffer(
@@ -271,76 +263,55 @@ impl Cull {
            bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&layout), depth_layout.as_ref()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
-        // `gl`: a Java shader pack's depth (`test_gl`), in OpenGL's layout
-        // (y flipped, and with it the faces' winding; 0 near), without a
-        // colour target. In the shader (`InShader`): no colour target, and
-        // the depth attached read only (a pass needs an attachment), its
-        // test left to the shader.
-        let pipeline = |label, gl: bool| {
-            let color_target = [Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                format: color,
-                blend: None,
-                write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::empty(),
-            })];
-            let (fragment_entry, targets, depth_compare) = match (depth_test, gl) {
-                (DepthTest::Early, false) => (
-                    "fs_box_early",
-                    &color_target[..],
-                    wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual,
-                ),
-                (DepthTest::Early, true) => (
-                    "fs_box_early_depth",
-                    &[][..],
-                    wgpu::CompareFunction::LessEqual,
-                ),
-                (DepthTest::InShader, false) => ("fs_box", &[][..], wgpu::CompareFunction::Always),
-                (DepthTest::InShader, true) => {
-                    ("fs_box_gl", &[][..], wgpu::CompareFunction::Always)
-                }
-            };
-            device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-                label: Some(label),
-                layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
-                vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-                    module: &module,
-                    entry_point: Some(if gl { "vs_box_gl" } else { "vs_box" }),
-                    compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                    buffers: &[],
-                },
-                primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
-                    cull_mode: Some(wgpu::Face::Back),
-                    front_face: if gl {
-                        wgpu::FrontFace::Cw
-                    } else {
-                        wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw
-                    },
-                    ..Default::default()
-                },
-                // The pass's depth test (reversed in the world pass, OpenGL's
-                // in a Java pack's), without writes.
-                depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
-                    format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                    depth_write_enabled: Some(false),
-                    depth_compare: Some(depth_compare),
-                    stencil: Default::default(),
-                    bias: Default::default(),
-                }),
-                multisample: Default::default(),
-                fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-                    module: &module,
-                    entry_point: Some(fragment_entry),
-                    compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                    targets,
-                }),
-                multiview_mask: None,
-                cache: None,
-            })
+        // In the shader (`InShader`): no colour target, and the depth
+        // attached read only (a pass needs an attachment), its test left to
+        // the shader.
+        let color_target = [Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+            format: color,
+            blend: None,
+            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::empty(),
+        })];
+        let (fragment_entry, targets, depth_compare) = match depth_test {
+            DepthTest::Early => (
+                "fs_box_early",
+                &color_target[..],
+                wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual,
+            ),
+            DepthTest::InShader => ("fs_box", &[][..], wgpu::CompareFunction::Always),
        };
-        let gl_pipeline = pipeline("Section culling, OpenGL layout", true);
-        let pipeline = pipeline("Section culling", false);
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Section culling"),
+            layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &module,
+                entry_point: Some("vs_box"),
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+                buffers: &[],
+            },
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                cull_mode: Some(wgpu::Face::Back),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            // The world pass's reversed depth test, without writes.
+            depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+                depth_write_enabled: Some(false),
+                depth_compare: Some(depth_compare),
+                stencil: Default::default(),
+                bias: Default::default(),
+            }),
+            multisample: Default::default(),
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &module,
+                entry_point: Some(fragment_entry),
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+                targets,
+            }),
+            multiview_mask: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
        Self {
            pipeline,
-            gl_pipeline,
            layout,
            group: None,
            depth_test,
@@ -379,7 +350,7 @@ impl Cull {
            stamp: 0,
            hidden: ([0; 2], 1.0),
            always: false,
-            min_draws: 0,
+            min_sections: 0,
        }
    }

@@ -586,51 +557,6 @@ impl Cull {
        pass.draw(0..36, 0..self.test_data.len() as u32);
    }

-    /// [`Self::test`] for a Java shader pack that draws the terrain
-    /// (`gfx/java_stages.rs`): in a pass of its own against `depth`, the
-    /// pack's depth after phase 1 in OpenGL's layout (y up, 0 near), attached
-    /// read only, and also read by the shader where the test runs there
-    /// (`InShader`).
-    pub fn test_gl(
-        &self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
-        depth: &wgpu::TextureView,
-    ) {
-        let Some(Group { group, .. }) = &self.group else {
-            return;
-        };
-        if self.test_data.is_empty() {
-            return;
-        }
-        let depth_group = self.depth_layout.as_ref().map(|layout| {
-            device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Section culling depth, Java shader pack"),
-                layout,
-                entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                    binding: 0,
-                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(depth),
-                }],
-            })
-        });
-        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Section culling, Java shader pack"),
-            color_attachments: &[],
-            depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
-                view: depth,
-                depth_ops: None,
-                stencil_ops: None,
-            }),
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-        pass.set_pipeline(&self.gl_pipeline);
-        pass.set_bind_group(0, group, &[]);
-        if let Some(depth) = &depth_group {
-            pass.set_bind_group(1, depth, &[]);
-        }
-        pass.draw(0..36, 0..self.test_data.len() as u32);
-    }
-
    /// After the world passes: copy the results for reading back, when a
    /// readback buffer is free.
    pub fn end(&mut self, device: &wgpu::Device, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) {
@@ -52,10 +52,6 @@ fn corner(origin: vec3<f32>, c: u32) -> vec3<f32> {
 // section fail the depth test against the final depth, which is only nearer.
@vertex
 fn vs_box(@builtin(vertex_index) v: u32, @builtin(instance_index) t: u32) -> Box {
-    return box_vertex(v, t);
-}
-
-fn box_vertex(v: u32, t: u32) -> Box {
    let origin = origins[tests[t].x].xyz;
    var out: Box;
    out.test = t;
@@ -90,15 +86,6 @@ fn box_vertex(v: u32, t: u32) -> Box {
    return out;
 }

-// The same box in OpenGL's layout, for a Java shader pack's terrain depth
-// (gfx/java_stages.rs): y flipped, depth from 0 near to 1 far.
-@vertex
-fn vs_box_gl(@builtin(vertex_index) v: u32, @builtin(instance_index) t: u32) -> Box {
-    var out = box_vertex(v, t);
-    out.position = vec4(out.position.x, -out.position.y, out.position.w - out.position.z, out.position.w);
-    return out;
-}
-
 // The box is seen at this fragment: store the stamp, and give its phase 2
 // draws their instance.
 fn see(t: u32) {
@@ -124,12 +111,3 @@ fn fs_box(in: Box) {
        see(in.test);
    }
 }
-
-// fs_box against a Java shader pack's depth in OpenGL's layout (`vs_box_gl`):
-// less or equal passing.
-@fragment
-fn fs_box_gl(in: Box) {
-    if in.position.z <= textureLoad(depth, vec2<u32>(in.position.xy), 0) {
-        see(in.test);
-    }
-}
@@ -96,17 +96,19 @@ pub struct Flat {
    pub calls: Vec<Call>,
    pub phase1_calls: usize,
    pub solid_calls: usize,
-    /// Frames with fewer section draws keep the per-section draws.
-    pub min_draws: usize,
+    /// Frames with fewer sections in view keep the per-section draws.
+    pub min_sections: usize,
    range_align: u64,
 }

-/// Section draws from which a frame is drawn flat. Below it the index list
-/// costs the GPU more than the draw calls cost the CPU: on an M4 Pro at
-/// render distance 16 (2,900 draws) the copy and the list add about 0.4 ms
-/// of GPU time for 0.5–0.8 ms less CPU time; at 32 (9,300 draws) the CPU
-/// saves 1.3 ms.
-const MIN_DRAWS: usize = 4096;
+/// Sections in view (and distant tiles) from which a frame is drawn flat.
+/// Below it the index list costs the GPU more than the draw calls cost the
+/// CPU: on an M4 Pro at render distance 16 (2,900 draws) the copy and the
+/// list add about 0.4 ms of GPU time for 0.5–0.8 ms less CPU time; at 32
+/// (9,300 draws) the CPU saves 1.3 ms. The bar was 4,096 draws when they
+/// were 2.2 to 2.5 per section; a section's draw count now depends on the
+/// sides it shows the eye (`mesher::Sides`), so it counts sections.
+const MIN_SECTIONS: usize = 1600;

 /// Whether flat draws apply: the backend emulates multi-draw, and vertex
 /// shaders can read storage buffers large enough for an index page.
@@ -337,10 +339,10 @@ impl Flat {
            calls: Vec::new(),
            phase1_calls: 0,
            solid_calls: 0,
-            min_draws: if std::env::var("HORIZON_FLAT_DRAWS").as_deref() == Ok("1") {
+            min_sections: if std::env::var("HORIZON_FLAT_DRAWS").as_deref() == Ok("1") {
                0
            } else {
-                MIN_DRAWS
+                MIN_SECTIONS
            },
            range_align: (u64::from(device.limits().min_storage_buffer_offset_alignment) / 16)
                .max(1),
@@ -640,36 +642,26 @@ impl Flat {
        pass.set_bind_group(0, group, &[]);
        pass.dispatch_workgroups((*count).min(GROUP_LIMIT), count.div_ceil(GROUP_LIMIT), 1);
    }
-    /// The bind group layout of the draws' group 1 (block slots, slot
-    /// origins).
-    pub fn draw_layout(&self) -> &wgpu::BindGroupLayout {
-        &self.draw_layout
-    }

    /// Draws `calls` with a flat pipeline set and `vertices` giving each
-    /// page's vertex buffer; `page` binds what else a page's draws need (a
-    /// Java pack's terrain reads the page's vertices).
+    /// page's vertex buffer.
    pub fn draw<'a>(
        &self,
        pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
        calls: &[Call],
        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
-        page: impl Fn(&mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>, u32),
    ) {
        pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
        for call in calls {
            self.bind_page(pass, call.page, &vertices);
-            page(pass, call.page);
            pass.draw_indexed(call.first..call.first + call.count, 0, 0..1);
        }
    }
-    /// Draws phase 2's calls, as `flatten_phase2` left them; `page` as in
-    /// [`Self::draw`].
+    /// Draws phase 2's calls, as `flatten_phase2` left them.
    pub fn draw_phase2<'a>(
        &self,
        pass: &mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>,
        vertices: impl Fn(u32) -> &'a wgpu::Buffer,
-        page: impl Fn(&mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>, u32),
    ) {
        pass.set_index_buffer(self.indices.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32);
        for (k, call) in self.calls[self.phase1_calls..self.solid_calls]
@@ -677,7 +669,6 @@ impl Flat {
            .enumerate()
        {
            self.bind_page(pass, call.page, &vertices);
-            page(pass, call.page);
            pass.draw_indexed_indirect(&self.phase2_calls, k as u64 * 20);
        }
    }
@@ -1,667 +0,0 @@
-//! Horizon's terrain drawn with a Java pack's `gbuffers_terrain` and
-//! `gbuffers_water` (docs/shader-packs.md). The pack's vertex program runs
-//! after a glue that rebuilds what Iris would feed it from Horizon's
-//! `TerrainVertex`: the camera-relative position, the quad's normal and
-//! tangent (from its four corners, read from the arena page as storage),
-//! the colour without vanilla's directional shade, the lightmap
-//! coordinates, the sprite's place in a block atlas laid out from Horizon's
-//! sprite arrays, and `mc_Entity` from the pack's `block.properties`, by
-//! sprite name.
-use horizon_shaderpack::translate::Geometry;
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-
-/// `TerrainVertex` in 32-bit words.
-const VERTEX_WORDS: u32 = 6;
-
-/// The glue's declarations and `hz_vertex`; `HZ_ORIGIN_DECL` and
-/// `HZ_ORIGIN` are the variant's (instanced or flat draws).
-const GLUE: &str = r#"
-layout(location = 0) in vec3 hz_position;
-layout(location = 1) in uvec2 hz_uv;
-layout(location = 2) in uint hz_layer;
-layout(location = 3) in vec4 hz_color;
-layout(location = 4) in uvec2 hz_light;
-HZ_ORIGIN_DECL
-layout(std430, set = 3, binding = 0) readonly buffer HzVertices { uint hz_vertices[]; };
-// [0]: atlas columns, [1]: 1 in the Nether, then each sprite layer's block id.
-layout(std430, set = 3, binding = 1) readonly buffer HzTable { int hz_table[]; };
-vec4 hz_pos;
-vec3 hz_normal;
-vec4 hz_tangent;
-vec4 hz_tint;
-vec2 hz_atlas;
-vec2 hz_mid;
-vec2 hz_lightmap;
-float hz_block;
-vec3 hz_mid_block;
-vec3 hz_corner(uint v) {
-    uint b = v * HZ_WORDSu;
-    return vec3(uintBitsToFloat(hz_vertices[b]), uintBitsToFloat(hz_vertices[b + 1u]),
-        uintBitsToFloat(hz_vertices[b + 2u]));
-}
-vec2 hz_corner_uv(uint v) {
-    uint w = hz_vertices[v * HZ_WORDSu + 3u];
-    return vec2(float(w & 65535u), float(w >> 16u));
-}
-void hz_vertex() {
-    vec4 origin = HZ_ORIGIN;
-    hz_pos = vec4(hz_position + origin.xyz, 1.0);
-    // The quad's corners: quads are four vertices from a multiple of four.
-    uint q = uint(gl_VertexIndex) & 4294967292u;
-    vec3 p0 = hz_corner(q);
-    vec3 e1 = hz_corner(q + 1u) - p0;
-    vec3 e2 = hz_corner(q + 2u) - p0;
-    vec3 n = cross(e1, e2);
-    if (dot(n, n) < 1e-12) {
-        n = cross(e2, hz_corner(q + 3u) - p0);
-    }
-    hz_normal = dot(n, n) > 0.0 ? normalize(n) : vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
-    vec2 t0 = hz_corner_uv(q);
-    vec2 d1 = hz_corner_uv(q + 1u) - t0;
-    vec2 d2 = hz_corner_uv(q + 2u) - t0;
-    float s = d1.x * d2.y - d2.x * d1.y < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;
-    vec3 t = (e1 * d2.y - e2 * d1.y) * s;
-    vec3 b = (e2 * d1.x - e1 * d2.x) * s;
-    t = t - hz_normal * dot(hz_normal, t);
-    t = dot(t, t) > 0.0 ? normalize(t) : vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-    hz_tangent = vec4(t, dot(cross(hz_normal, t), b) < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0);
-    // Iris turns vanilla's directional shade off: undo it on axis faces.
-    vec3 a = abs(hz_normal);
-    bool nether = hz_table[1] != 0;
-    float shade = 1.0;
-    if (a.y > 0.999) {
-        shade = nether ? 0.9 : (hz_normal.y > 0.0 ? 1.0 : 0.5);
-    } else if (a.z > 0.999) {
-        shade = 0.8;
-    } else if (a.x > 0.999) {
-        shade = 0.6;
-    }
-    hz_tint = vec4(min(hz_color.rgb / shade, vec3(1.0)), hz_color.a);
-    // The sprite's cell in the atlas, columns of square cells.
-    int layer = int(hz_layer & 16383u);
-    int cols = max(hz_table[0], 1);
-    vec2 cell = vec2(float(layer % cols), float(layer / cols));
-    vec2 uv = clamp(vec2(hz_uv) * origin.w, 0.0, 1.0);
-    hz_atlas = (cell + uv) / float(cols);
-    hz_mid = (cell + 0.5) / float(cols);
-    // Vanilla's UV2: block light, then sky light, 0..240.
-    hz_lightmap = vec2(float(hz_light.y), float(hz_light.x));
-    hz_block = float(hz_table[2 + layer]);
-    hz_mid_block = (floor(hz_position - hz_normal * 0.01) + 0.5 - hz_position) * 64.0;
-}
-"#;
-
-/// The glue of one draw path: instanced section draws (the origin is an
-/// instance attribute) or flat ones (`gfx/flat.rs`: from the block's slot).
-pub fn glue(flat: bool, alpha_test: Option<f32>) -> Geometry {
-    let (decl, origin) = if flat {
-        (
-            "layout(std430, set = 1, binding = 0) readonly buffer HzBlockSlots { uint hz_block_slots[]; };\n\
-             layout(std430, set = 1, binding = 1) readonly buffer HzSlotOrigins { vec4 hz_slot_origins[]; };",
-            "hz_slot_origins[hz_block_slots[uint(gl_VertexIndex) >> 8u]]",
-        )
-    } else {
-        ("layout(location = 5) in vec4 hz_origin;", "hz_origin")
-    };
-    let vertex_glue = GLUE
-        .replace("HZ_ORIGIN_DECL", decl)
-        .replace("HZ_ORIGIN", origin)
-        .replace("HZ_WORDS", &VERTEX_WORDS.to_string());
-    let lightmap = "vec4(hz_lightmap, 0.0, 1.0)";
-    let attributes: BTreeMap<String, String> = [
-        ("iris_Vertex", "hz_pos"),
-        ("vaPosition", "hz_pos"),
-        ("iris_Normal", "vec4(hz_normal, 0.0)"),
-        ("vaNormal", "vec4(hz_normal, 0.0)"),
-        ("iris_Color", "hz_tint"),
-        ("vaColor", "hz_tint"),
-        ("iris_MultiTexCoord0", "vec4(hz_atlas, 0.0, 1.0)"),
-        ("vaUV0", "vec4(hz_atlas, 0.0, 1.0)"),
-        ("iris_MultiTexCoord1", lightmap),
-        ("iris_MultiTexCoord2", lightmap),
-        ("vaUV2", lightmap),
-        // OverlayTexture.NO_OVERLAY.
-        ("vaUV1", "vec4(0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0)"),
-        ("mc_Entity", "vec4(hz_block, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0)"),
-        ("mc_midTexCoord", "vec4(hz_mid, 0.0, 1.0)"),
-        ("at_tangent", "hz_tangent"),
-        ("at_midBlock", "vec4(hz_mid_block, 0.0)"),
-    ]
-    .into_iter()
-    .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned()))
-    .collect();
-    Geometry {
-        vertex_glue,
-        attributes,
-        alpha_test,
-    }
-}
-
-/// The glue's table: atlas columns, the Nether flag, then each sprite
-/// layer's block id from `block.properties` (-1 for blocks it doesn't
-/// list, as Iris).
-pub fn table(sprite_layers: &BTreeMap<String, u32>, block_ids: &BTreeMap<String, i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
-    let layers = sprite_layers.values().max().map_or(0, |&m| m as usize + 1);
-    let mut out = vec![-1; layers + 2];
-    out[0] = atlas_columns(layers as u32) as i32;
-    out[1] = 0;
-    for (name, &layer) in sprite_layers {
-        if let Some(id) = horizon_shaderpack::properties::sprite_block_id(name, block_ids) {
-            out[layer as usize + 2] = id;
-        }
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-/// The atlas's columns (and rows) of sprite cells for `layers` sprites.
-pub fn atlas_columns(layers: u32) -> u32 {
-    (f64::from(layers.max(1)).sqrt().ceil() as u32).max(1)
-}
-
-/// Whether `device` renders to and filters the 16-bit normalized formats
-/// a Java pack's `RGBA16` targets become (`java_stages::target_format`).
-pub fn norm16_targets(adapter: &wgpu::Adapter, device: &wgpu::Device) -> bool {
-    use wgpu::TextureFormat as F;
-    let wanted = wgpu::Features::TEXTURE_FORMAT_16BIT_NORM
-        | wgpu::Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES;
-    device.features().contains(wanted)
-        && [
-            F::R16Unorm,
-            F::Rg16Unorm,
-            F::Rgba16Unorm,
-            F::R16Snorm,
-            F::Rg16Snorm,
-            F::Rgba16Snorm,
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .all(|f| {
-            let features = adapter.get_texture_format_features(f);
-            features
-                .allowed_usages
-                .contains(wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT)
-                && features
-                    .flags
-                    .contains(wgpu::TextureFormatFeatureFlags::FILTERABLE)
-        })
-}
-
-/// The bind group layout of a page group: the page's vertices and the glue's
-/// table, read by the vertex stage.
-pub fn page_layout(device: &wgpu::Device) -> wgpu::BindGroupLayout {
-    let storage = |binding| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-        binding,
-        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX,
-        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
-            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Storage { read_only: true },
-            has_dynamic_offset: false,
-            min_binding_size: None,
-        },
-        count: None,
-    };
-    device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-        label: Some("Java shader pack terrain page"),
-        entries: &[storage(0), storage(1)],
-    })
-}
-
-/// Which of Horizon's terrain draws a pack's program draws.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub enum Layer {
-    /// The solid sections: all of them, or with occlusion culling
-    /// ([`JavaWorld::occlusion`]) the ones the last test saw (phase 1).
-    Solid,
-    /// With occlusion culling, the solid sections the test after phase 1
-    /// found in sight (phase 2).
-    Revealed,
-    Translucent,
-    /// The shadow map's sections ([`super::Renderer`]'s shadow list), solid
-    /// then translucent.
-    ShadowSolid,
-    ShadowTranslucent,
-}
-
-/// Draws Horizon's terrain with a pack's pipelines. Set by the renderer,
-/// which owns the sections.
-pub type DrawTerrain<'a> = dyn Fn(&mut wgpu::RenderPass<'_>, Layer, &TerrainPipelines<'_>) + 'a;
-
-/// Occlusion culling's test between [`Layer::Solid`] and
-/// [`Layer::Revealed`], against the pack's depth (OpenGL's layout).
-pub type OcclusionTest<'a> = dyn Fn(&mut wgpu::CommandEncoder, &wgpu::TextureView) + 'a;
-
-/// What the renderer binds to draw with a pack's geometry program: the
-/// pipeline of its draw path and the pack's group (group 2). Group 1 is the
-/// flat path's, group 3 the page's ([`page_layout`]). `flat` is `None` when
-/// the renderer has no flat draws.
-pub struct TerrainPipelines<'a> {
-    pub instanced: &'a wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    pub flat: Option<&'a wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
-    pub group: &'a wgpu::BindGroup,
-}
-
-/// What a Java pack's geometry reads from the renderer each frame.
-pub struct JavaWorld<'a> {
-    /// The block sprite arrays, [`super::SPRITE_SPLIT`]-layer each.
-    pub sprites: &'a [wgpu::Texture],
-    pub split: u32,
-    /// Mipmap levels the terrain samples.
-    pub levels: u32,
-    /// The sprite layers and mip levels animation rewrote this frame.
-    pub animated: &'a [(u32, u32)],
-    pub lightmap: &'a wgpu::TextureView,
-    pub draw: &'a DrawTerrain<'a>,
-    /// Set when the frame culls solid sections by occlusion.
-    pub occlusion: Option<&'a OcclusionTest<'a>>,
-}
-
-const ATLAS: &str = r#"
-struct Atlas { cols: u32, layers: u32, split: u32, pad: u32 }
-@group(0) @binding(0) var<uniform> atlas: Atlas;
-@group(0) @binding(1) var s0: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(2) var s1: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(3) var s2: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var s3: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(5) var s4: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(6) var s5: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(7) var s6: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(8) var s7: texture_2d_array<f32>;
-
-struct Out {
-    @builtin(position) p: vec4f,
-    @location(0) @interpolate(flat) mip: u32,
-}
-
-@vertex
-fn vs(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32, @builtin(instance_index) mip: u32) -> Out {
-    let uv = vec2f(f32((i << 1u) & 2u), f32(i & 2u));
-    return Out(vec4f(uv * 2.0 - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0), mip);
-}
-
-// Each sprite layer into its cell, at mip level `mip`.
-@fragment
-fn fs(in: Out) -> @location(0) vec4f {
-    let cell = max(textureDimensions(s0, in.mip).x, 1u);
-    let px = vec2u(in.p.xy);
-    let c = px / cell;
-    let layer = c.y * atlas.cols + c.x;
-    if c.x >= atlas.cols || layer >= atlas.layers {
-        return vec4f(0.0);
-    }
-    let at = px % cell;
-    let l = i32(layer % atlas.split);
-    let m = i32(in.mip);
-    switch layer / atlas.split {
-        case 0u: { return textureLoad(s0, at, l, m); }
-        case 1u: { return textureLoad(s1, at, l, m); }
-        case 2u: { return textureLoad(s2, at, l, m); }
-        case 3u: { return textureLoad(s3, at, l, m); }
-        case 4u: { return textureLoad(s4, at, l, m); }
-        case 5u: { return textureLoad(s5, at, l, m); }
-        case 6u: { return textureLoad(s6, at, l, m); }
-        default: { return textureLoad(s7, at, l, m); }
-    }
-}
-"#;
-
-/// Horizon's block sprites as one 2D atlas, as Iris binds `gtexture`:
-/// square cells, [`atlas_columns`] to a row. Drawn from the sprite arrays
-/// once, then animated sprites are copied in as they change.
-pub struct Atlas {
-    texture: wgpu::Texture,
-    pub view: wgpu::TextureView,
-    mips: Vec<wgpu::TextureView>,
-    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-    uniform: wgpu::Buffer,
-    /// Layers, sprite size, mip levels it was made for.
-    key: (u32, u32, u32),
-    /// The first sprite array it was drawn from (resource reloads make
-    /// new ones).
-    source: wgpu::Texture,
-    drawn: bool,
-}
-
-impl Atlas {
-    /// The atlas for `world`'s sprites; `None` without any.
-    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue, world: &JavaWorld) -> Option<Self> {
-        let key = Self::key(world)?;
-        let (layers, size, levels) = key;
-        let cols = atlas_columns(layers);
-        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-                width: cols * size,
-                height: cols * size,
-                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-            },
-            mip_level_count: levels,
-            sample_count: 1,
-            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING
-                | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
-            view_formats: &[],
-        });
-        let mips = (0..levels)
-            .map(|level| {
-                texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
-                    base_mip_level: level,
-                    mip_level_count: Some(1),
-                    ..Default::default()
-                })
-            })
-            .collect();
-        let mut entries = vec![wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding: 0,
-            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
-                ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
-                has_dynamic_offset: false,
-                min_binding_size: None,
-            },
-            count: None,
-        }];
-        entries.extend((1..=8).map(|binding| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding,
-            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
-                sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: false },
-                view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2Array,
-                multisampled: false,
-            },
-            count: None,
-        }));
-        let layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            entries: &entries,
-        });
-        let module = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(ATLAS.into()),
-        });
-        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            layout: Some(
-                &device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-                    bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&layout)],
-                    ..Default::default()
-                }),
-            ),
-            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-                module: &module,
-                entry_point: Some("vs"),
-                compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                buffers: &[],
-            },
-            primitive: Default::default(),
-            depth_stencil: None,
-            multisample: Default::default(),
-            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-                module: &module,
-                entry_point: Some("fs"),
-                compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                targets: &[Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm.into())],
-            }),
-            multiview_mask: None,
-            cache: None,
-        });
-        let uniform = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            size: 16,
-            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-            mapped_at_creation: false,
-        });
-        queue.write_buffer(
-            &uniform,
-            0,
-            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[cols, layers, world.split.max(1), 0]),
-        );
-        Some(Self {
-            view: texture.create_view(&Default::default()),
-            texture,
-            mips,
-            pipeline,
-            layout,
-            uniform,
-            key,
-            source: world.sprites[0].clone(),
-            drawn: false,
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn key(world: &JavaWorld) -> Option<(u32, u32, u32)> {
-        let first = world.sprites.first()?;
-        let layers = world
-            .sprites
-            .iter()
-            .map(|t| t.depth_or_array_layers())
-            .sum();
-        let levels = (world.levels + 1).min(first.mip_level_count()).max(1);
-        Some((layers, first.width(), levels))
-    }
-
-    /// Whether it was made for `world`'s sprites.
-    pub fn fits(&self, world: &JavaWorld) -> bool {
-        Self::key(world) == Some(self.key) && world.sprites.first() == Some(&self.source)
-    }
-
-    /// Bring it up to date: drawn the first time, then the sprites
-    /// animation rewrote copied into their cells.
-    pub fn update(
-        &mut self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
-        world: &JavaWorld,
-    ) {
-        if !self.drawn {
-            self.draw(device, encoder, world);
-            self.drawn = true;
-            return;
-        }
-        let (layers, size, levels) = self.key;
-        let cols = atlas_columns(layers);
-        let split = world.split.max(1);
-        for &(layer, level) in world.animated {
-            let Some(array) = world.sprites.get((layer / split) as usize) else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            if level >= levels || layer >= layers {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let edge = (size >> level).max(1);
-            encoder.copy_texture_to_texture(
-                wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
-                    texture: array,
-                    mip_level: level,
-                    origin: wgpu::Origin3d {
-                        x: 0,
-                        y: 0,
-                        z: layer % split,
-                    },
-                    aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-                },
-                wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
-                    texture: &self.texture,
-                    mip_level: level,
-                    origin: wgpu::Origin3d {
-                        x: (layer % cols) * edge,
-                        y: (layer / cols) * edge,
-                        z: 0,
-                    },
-                    aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-                },
-                wgpu::Extent3d {
-                    width: edge,
-                    height: edge,
-                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The atlas's size in pixels (`atlasSize`).
-    pub fn size(&self) -> [u32; 2] {
-        [self.texture.width(), self.texture.height()]
-    }
-
-    /// Draw the sprites into the atlas, every mip level.
-    fn draw(&self, device: &wgpu::Device, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder, world: &JavaWorld) {
-        let views: Vec<wgpu::TextureView> = (0..8)
-            .map(|i| {
-                let t = world.sprites.get(i).unwrap_or(&world.sprites[0]);
-                t.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
-                    dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2Array),
-                    mip_level_count: Some(self.key.2),
-                    ..Default::default()
-                })
-            })
-            .collect();
-        let mut entries = vec![wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-            binding: 0,
-            resource: self.uniform.as_entire_binding(),
-        }];
-        entries.extend(views.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, v)| wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-            binding: i as u32 + 1,
-            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(v),
-        }));
-        let group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-            layout: &self.layout,
-            entries: &entries,
-        });
-        for (mip, view) in self.mips.iter().enumerate() {
-            let attachments = [Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-                view,
-                resolve_target: None,
-                depth_slice: None,
-                ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT),
-                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                },
-            })];
-            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Java shader pack block atlas"),
-                color_attachments: &attachments,
-                ..Default::default()
-            });
-            pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
-            pass.set_bind_group(0, &group, &[]);
-            pass.draw(0..3, mip as u32..mip as u32 + 1);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    /// `module` validates and translates for Metal, Vulkan and DirectX 12.
-    fn backends(module: &naga::Module, label: &str) {
-        let info = naga::valid::Validator::new(
-            naga::valid::ValidationFlags::all(),
-            naga::valid::Capabilities::all(),
-        )
-        .validate(module)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{label}: {e:?}"));
-        naga::back::msl::write_string(
-            module,
-            &info,
-            // wgpu's Metal backend asks for MSL 2.x.
-            &naga::back::msl::Options {
-                lang_version: (2, 4),
-                ..Default::default()
-            },
-            &naga::back::msl::PipelineOptions::default(),
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{label} (MSL): {e}"));
-        naga::back::spv::write_vec(module, &info, &Default::default(), None)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{label} (SPIR-V): {e}"));
-        for entry in &module.entry_points {
-            let mut hlsl = String::new();
-            naga::back::hlsl::Writer::new(
-                &mut hlsl,
-                &naga::back::hlsl::Options::default(),
-                &naga::back::hlsl::PipelineOptions {
-                    entry_point: Some((entry.stage, entry.name.clone())),
-                },
-            )
-            .write(module, &info, None)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{label} {} (HLSL): {e}", entry.name));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// A terrain program reading every attribute the glue fills, run after
-    /// each draw path's glue, and the atlas shader, on every backend.
-    #[test]
-    fn the_glue_feeds_a_terrain_program_on_every_backend() {
-        let program = "#version 120
-attribute vec4 mc_Entity;
-attribute vec4 mc_midTexCoord;
-attribute vec4 at_tangent;
-attribute vec3 at_midBlock;
-varying vec4 color;
-varying vec2 uv;
-varying vec2 lm;
-varying vec3 normal;
-varying float id;
-void main() {
-    vec4 p = gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex;
-    p.xyz += at_midBlock / 64.0 * 0.0 + at_tangent.xyz * 0.0;
-    gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix * p;
-    color = gl_Color;
-    uv = (gl_TextureMatrix[0] * gl_MultiTexCoord0).xy + mc_midTexCoord.xy * 0.0;
-    lm = (gl_TextureMatrix[1] * gl_MultiTexCoord1).xy;
-    normal = gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal;
-    id = mc_Entity.x;
-}
-";
-        for flat in [false, true] {
-            let mut link = horizon_shaderpack::translate::Link {
-                set: 2,
-                geometry: Some(glue(flat, Some(0.1))),
-                ..Default::default()
-            };
-            let t = horizon_shaderpack::translate::translate(
-                horizon_shaderpack::Stage::Vertex,
-                program,
-                &mut link,
-                &|l| format!("line {l}"),
-            )
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("flat {flat}: {e}"));
-            for wanted in ["hz_vertex();", "mc_Entity = vec4(vec4(hz_block"] {
-                assert!(t.glsl.contains(wanted), "{wanted}\n{}", t.glsl);
-            }
-            // The glue's inputs are Horizon's vertex layout.
-            let inputs = t.module.entry_points[0].function.arguments.len();
-            assert_eq!(inputs, if flat { 6 } else { 7 }, "{}", t.wgsl);
-            let reparsed = naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(&t.wgsl).unwrap();
-            backends(&reparsed, &format!("terrain glue (flat {flat})"));
-        }
-        backends(&naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(ATLAS).unwrap(), "atlas");
-        backends(
-            &naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(super::super::java_stages::BLIT).unwrap(),
-            "Java shader pack blits",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn sprites_take_their_blocks_ids() {
-        let layers: BTreeMap<String, u32> = [
-            ("minecraft:block/oak_leaves", 0),
-            ("minecraft:block/water_still", 1),
-            ("minecraft:block/stone", 2),
-            ("minecraft:block/oak_log_top", 3),
-        ]
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(n, l)| (n.to_owned(), l))
-        .collect();
-        let ids: BTreeMap<String, i32> = [("oak_leaves", 10003), ("water", 8), ("oak_log", 7)]
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(n, i)| (n.to_owned(), i))
-            .collect();
-        assert_eq!(table(&layers, &ids), [2, 0, 10003, 8, -1, 7]);
-        assert_eq!(atlas_columns(5), 3);
-        assert_eq!(atlas_columns(0), 1);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,552 +0,0 @@
-//! A Horizon shader pack on the GPU (docs/shader-packs.md): each stage
-//! (`shadow`, `gbuffer`, `deferred`, `composite`, `final`) is a full-screen
-//! pass that reads the world's colour, depth, opaque depth, G-buffer normals
-//! and materials, shadow map, noise texture and the previous stage's output,
-//! and writes its own target; the last target goes to the screen through
-//! `world_post` (copy or FXAA) under the hand and HUD. Only exists while a
-//! pack is selected.
-use crate::shader_pack::{Rgba, ShaderPack, VERTEX_ENTRY};
-use horizon_shaderpack::uniforms::SmoothFloat;
-
-/// The `Frame` uniform of the prelude (`shader_pack_prelude.wgsl`).
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
-pub struct FrameUniform {
-    pub view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub inverse_view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub inverse_projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub camera_position: [f32; 4],
-    pub resolution: [f32; 4],
-    pub time: [f32; 4],
-    pub sun: [f32; 4],
-    pub moon: [f32; 4],
-    pub sky_color: [f32; 4],
-    pub fog_color: [f32; 4],
-    pub fog: [f32; 4],
-    pub weather: [f32; 4],
-    pub camera_state: [f32; 4],
-    pub view_params: [f32; 4],
-    pub dimension: [f32; 4],
-}
-
-/// The API 2 `FrameExt` uniform of the prelude (`shader_pack_prelude.wgsl`).
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
-pub struct FrameExtUniform {
-    pub previous_view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub previous_projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub shadow_view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub shadow_projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub shadow_inverse_view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub shadow_inverse_projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    pub previous_camera: [f32; 4],
-    pub shadow_params: [f32; 4],
-    pub environment: [f32; 4],
-}
-
-/// Iris's `noisetex` without a `texture.noise`: 256² random RGB, opaque.
-/// Horizon packs get the same one unless `[textures] noise` replaces it.
-pub(super) fn noise() -> Rgba {
-    const SIZE: u32 = 256;
-    let mut seed = 0x2545_f491_u32;
-    let pixels = (0..SIZE * SIZE * 4)
-        .map(|i| {
-            seed ^= seed << 13;
-            seed ^= seed >> 17;
-            seed ^= seed << 5;
-            if i % 4 == 3 { 255 } else { (seed >> 24) as u8 }
-        })
-        .collect();
-    Rgba {
-        width: SIZE,
-        height: SIZE,
-        pixels,
-    }
-}
-
-/// `image` as a sampled RGBA8 texture.
-pub(super) fn rgba_view(
-    device: &wgpu::Device,
-    queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-    label: &str,
-    image: &Rgba,
-) -> wgpu::TextureView {
-    let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-        label: Some(label),
-        size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-            width: image.width,
-            height: image.height,
-            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-        },
-        mip_level_count: 1,
-        sample_count: 1,
-        dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-        format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-        usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
-        view_formats: &[],
-    });
-    queue.write_texture(
-        texture.as_image_copy(),
-        &image.pixels,
-        wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
-            offset: 0,
-            bytes_per_row: Some(image.width * 4),
-            rows_per_image: None,
-        },
-        texture.size(),
-    );
-    texture.create_view(&Default::default())
-}
-
-struct Pass {
-    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    scale: f32,
-    target_format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
-    uniform: wgpu::Buffer,
-    uniform_ext: wgpu::Buffer,
-}
-/// A stage's output and the bindings that read the world into it.
-struct Target {
-    size: [u32; 2],
-    view: wgpu::TextureView,
-    group: wgpu::BindGroup,
-}
-
-pub struct PackStages {
-    pub id: String,
-    pub needs_shadow: bool,
-    /// The stages read the G-buffer (`build_gbuffer`) or the depth before
-    /// translucent geometry (`capture_opaque_depth`).
-    pub needs_gbuffer: bool,
-    pub needs_opaque_depth: bool,
-    pub shadow_res: u32,
-    pub shadow_dist: f32,
-    layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-    linear: wgpu::Sampler,
-    nearest: wgpu::Sampler,
-    repeat: wgpu::Sampler,
-    shadow_sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
-    noise_view: wgpu::TextureView,
-    passes: Vec<Pass>,
-    /// Built for this world target size and `world_post` generation.
-    targets: Vec<Target>,
-    /// `world_post`'s bindings of the last stage's output.
-    output: Option<wgpu::BindGroup>,
-    world_size: [u32; 2],
-    post_generation: u64,
-    started: std::time::Instant,
-    last: Option<std::time::Instant>,
-    frames: u32,
-    previous: Option<([[f32; 4]; 4], [[f32; 4]; 4], [f32; 3])>,
-    wetness: SmoothFloat,
-}
-
-fn stage_format(name: Option<&str>, default: wgpu::TextureFormat) -> wgpu::TextureFormat {
-    match name.map(str::to_lowercase).as_deref() {
-        Some("rgba16float" | "rgba16f") => wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba16Float,
-        Some("rgba8unorm" | "rgba8" | "rgba") => wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-        Some("rgb10a2unorm" | "rgb10_a2") => wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgb10a2Unorm,
-        _ => default,
-    }
-}
-
-impl PackStages {
-    /// The pipelines of a loaded (already validated) pack, or wgpu's error.
-    pub fn new(
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
-        pack: &ShaderPack,
-    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        let texture = |binding, sample_type| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding,
-            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
-                sample_type,
-                view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-                multisampled: false,
-            },
-            count: None,
-        };
-        let float = wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true };
-        let sampler = |binding, ty| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding,
-            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(ty),
-            count: None,
-        };
-        let uniform_entry = |binding| wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding,
-            visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
-                ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
-                has_dynamic_offset: false,
-                min_binding_size: None,
-            },
-            count: None,
-        };
-        let layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Shader pack stage"),
-            entries: &[
-                texture(0, float),
-                texture(1, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth),
-                texture(2, float),
-                sampler(3, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
-                sampler(4, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering),
-                uniform_entry(5),
-                uniform_entry(6),
-                texture(7, float),
-                texture(8, float),
-                texture(9, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth),
-                texture(10, wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth),
-                sampler(11, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Comparison),
-                texture(12, float),
-                sampler(13, wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
-            ],
-        });
-        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Shader pack stage"),
-            bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&layout)],
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-        let constants = pack.constants();
-        let scope = device.push_error_scope(wgpu::ErrorFilter::Validation);
-        let stage_count = pack.stages.len();
-        let passes = pack
-            .stages
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(idx, stage)| {
-                let is_last = idx + 1 == stage_count;
-                let target_format = if is_last {
-                    format
-                } else {
-                    stage_format(stage.format.as_deref(), format)
-                };
-                let module = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
-                    label: Some(&stage.file),
-                    source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(stage.source.as_str().into()),
-                });
-                // Only the overrides a stage declares may be passed to it.
-                let constants: Vec<(&str, f64)> = constants
-                    .iter()
-                    .copied()
-                    .filter(|(key, _)| declares_override(&stage.source, key))
-                    .collect();
-                let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-                    label: Some(&stage.file),
-                    layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
-                    vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-                        module: &module,
-                        entry_point: Some(VERTEX_ENTRY),
-                        compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                        buffers: &[],
-                    },
-                    primitive: Default::default(),
-                    depth_stencil: None,
-                    multisample: Default::default(),
-                    fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-                        module: &module,
-                        entry_point: Some(&stage.entry),
-                        compilation_options: wgpu::PipelineCompilationOptions {
-                            constants: &constants,
-                            ..Default::default()
-                        },
-                        targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                            format: target_format,
-                            blend: None,
-                            write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
-                        })],
-                    }),
-                    multiview_mask: None,
-                    cache: None,
-                });
-                Pass {
-                    pipeline,
-                    scale: stage.scale,
-                    target_format,
-                    uniform: device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("Shader pack frame"),
-                        size: std::mem::size_of::<FrameUniform>() as u64,
-                        usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-                        mapped_at_creation: false,
-                    }),
-                    uniform_ext: device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("Shader pack frame ext"),
-                        size: std::mem::size_of::<FrameExtUniform>() as u64,
-                        usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-                        mapped_at_creation: false,
-                    }),
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-        if let Some(error) = pollster::block_on(scope.pop()) {
-            return Err(error.to_string());
-        }
-        let make_sampler = |filter, address, compare| {
-            device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Shader pack"),
-                address_mode_u: address,
-                address_mode_v: address,
-                address_mode_w: address,
-                mag_filter: filter,
-                min_filter: filter,
-                compare,
-                ..Default::default()
-            })
-        };
-        let noise_view = match &pack.custom_noise {
-            Some(image) => rgba_view(device, queue, "Shader pack noise", image),
-            None => rgba_view(device, queue, "Shader pack noise", &noise()),
-        };
-        let (shadow_res, shadow_dist) = pack.shadow_config();
-        Ok(Self {
-            id: pack.id.clone(),
-            needs_shadow: pack.needs_shadow(),
-            needs_gbuffer: pack.needs_gbuffer(),
-            needs_opaque_depth: pack.needs_opaque_depth(),
-            shadow_res,
-            shadow_dist,
-            layout,
-            linear: make_sampler(
-                wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
-                wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
-                None,
-            ),
-            nearest: make_sampler(
-                wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
-                wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
-                None,
-            ),
-            repeat: make_sampler(wgpu::FilterMode::Linear, wgpu::AddressMode::Repeat, None),
-            shadow_sampler: make_sampler(
-                wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
-                wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
-                Some(wgpu::CompareFunction::GreaterEqual),
-            ),
-            noise_view,
-            passes,
-            targets: Vec::new(),
-            output: None,
-            world_size: [0, 0],
-            post_generation: u64::MAX,
-            started: std::time::Instant::now(),
-            last: None,
-            frames: 0,
-            previous: None,
-            wetness: SmoothFloat::default(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Run every stage over the world's `color` and `depth` (`size`) and
-    /// return `post`'s bindings of the last stage's output.
-    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    pub fn run(
-        &mut self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
-        color: &wgpu::TextureView,
-        depth: &wgpu::TextureView,
-        size: [u32; 2],
-        post: &super::world_post::Post,
-        mut uniform: FrameUniform,
-        eye_light: [u8; 2],
-    ) -> &wgpu::BindGroup {
-        if self.world_size != size
-            || self.post_generation != post.generation()
-            || self.targets.len() != self.passes.len()
-        {
-            self.world_size = size;
-            self.post_generation = post.generation();
-            self.targets.clear();
-            for pass in &self.passes {
-                let target_size = size.map(|v| ((v as f32 * pass.scale).round() as u32).max(1));
-                let view = device
-                    .create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("Shader pack stage"),
-                        size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-                            width: target_size[0],
-                            height: target_size[1],
-                            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-                        },
-                        mip_level_count: 1,
-                        sample_count: 1,
-                        dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-                        format: pass.target_format,
-                        usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                            | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-                        view_formats: &[],
-                    })
-                    .create_view(&Default::default());
-                let previous = self.targets.last().map_or(color, |t: &Target| &t.view);
-                let group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("Shader pack stage"),
-                    layout: &self.layout,
-                    entries: &[
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 0,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(color),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 1,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(depth),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 2,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(previous),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 3,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.linear),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 4,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.nearest),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 5,
-                            resource: pass.uniform.as_entire_binding(),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 6,
-                            resource: pass.uniform_ext.as_entire_binding(),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 7,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(post.normal()),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 8,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(post.material()),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 9,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(post.opaque_depth()),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 10,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(post.shadow_depth()),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 11,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.shadow_sampler),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 12,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&self.noise_view),
-                        },
-                        wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                            binding: 13,
-                            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.repeat),
-                        },
-                    ],
-                });
-                self.targets.push(Target {
-                    size: target_size,
-                    view,
-                    group,
-                });
-            }
-            let last = &self.targets.last().expect("a pack has a stage").view;
-            self.output = Some(post.bind(device, last));
-        }
-        let now = std::time::Instant::now();
-        let dt = self.last.map_or(0.0, |t| (now - t).as_secs_f32());
-        self.last = Some(now);
-        let wet = self.wetness.update(uniform.weather[0], 60.0, 120.0, dt);
-        let cam = [
-            uniform.camera_position[0],
-            uniform.camera_position[1],
-            uniform.camera_position[2],
-        ];
-        let (prev_view, prev_proj, prev_cam) =
-            self.previous
-                .unwrap_or((uniform.view, uniform.projection, cam));
-        self.previous = Some((uniform.view, uniform.projection, cam));
-        let shadow_view = post.shadow_view;
-        let shadow_proj = post.shadow_proj;
-        let ext = FrameExtUniform {
-            previous_view: prev_view,
-            previous_projection: prev_proj,
-            shadow_view: shadow_view.to_cols_array_2d(),
-            shadow_projection: shadow_proj.to_cols_array_2d(),
-            shadow_inverse_view: shadow_view.inverse().to_cols_array_2d(),
-            shadow_inverse_projection: shadow_proj.inverse().to_cols_array_2d(),
-            previous_camera: [prev_cam[0], prev_cam[1], prev_cam[2], dt],
-            shadow_params: [
-                post.shadow_resolution as f32,
-                post.shadow_distance,
-                0.0,
-                if post.shadow_active { 1.0 } else { 0.0 },
-            ],
-            environment: [
-                f32::from(eye_light[0]) * 16.0,
-                f32::from(eye_light[1]) * 16.0,
-                wet,
-                0.0,
-            ],
-        };
-        uniform.time[0] = self.started.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
-        uniform.time[1] = self.frames as f32;
-        self.frames = self.frames.wrapping_add(1);
-        for (pass, target) in self.passes.iter().zip(&self.targets) {
-            let [w, h] = target.size.map(|v| v as f32);
-            uniform.resolution = [w, h, 1.0 / w, 1.0 / h];
-            queue.write_buffer(&pass.uniform, 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&uniform));
-            queue.write_buffer(&pass.uniform_ext, 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&ext));
-            let attachments = [Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-                view: &target.view,
-                resolve_target: None,
-                depth_slice: None,
-                ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::BLACK),
-                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                },
-            })];
-            let mut render = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Shader pack stage"),
-                color_attachments: &attachments,
-                ..Default::default()
-            });
-            render.set_pipeline(&pass.pipeline);
-            render.set_bind_group(0, &target.group, &[]);
-            render.draw(0..3, 0..1);
-        }
-        self.output.as_ref().expect("bound with the targets")
-    }
-}
-
-/// `override <key>` appears in the source (a declaration, not just a use).
-fn declares_override(source: &str, key: &str) -> bool {
-    source.lines().any(|line| {
-        line.trim_start()
-            .strip_prefix("override")
-            .and_then(|rest| rest.trim_start().strip_prefix(key))
-            .is_some_and(|rest| rest.trim_start().starts_with([':', '=']))
-    })
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn the_frame_uniform_matches_the_prelude() {
-        // 4 matrices and 12 vectors, as `struct Frame` in the prelude.
-        assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<super::FrameUniform>(), 4 * 64 + 12 * 16);
-        let prelude = crate::shader_pack::PRELUDE;
-        let body = prelude.split("struct Frame {").nth(1).unwrap();
-        let body = &body[..body.find('}').unwrap()];
-        assert_eq!(body.matches("mat4x4<f32>").count(), 4);
-        assert_eq!(body.matches("vec4<f32>").count(), 12);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn only_declared_overrides_are_passed() {
-        let source =
-            "override saturation: f32 = 1.0;\noverride  vignette = true;\nlet x = saturation_2;";
-        assert!(super::declares_override(source, "saturation"));
-        assert!(super::declares_override(source, "vignette"));
-        assert!(!super::declares_override(source, "saturation_2"));
-        assert!(!super::declares_override(source, "haze"));
-    }
-}
@@ -1,163 +1,25 @@
-//! Resolution scale, FXAA, and shader-pack G-buffer/shadow targets (Horizon
-//! settings): the world renders into its own target at the scaled size, then
-//! one full-screen pass copies or anti-aliases it onto the screen, under the
-//! hand and HUD. For a shader pack that reads them, `Post` also keeps:
-//! - `opaque_depth`: the depth before translucent terrain (water, stained
-//!   glass, ice) draws, a Java pack's `depthtex1`/`depthtex2`;
-//! - `normal` and `material`, an api 2 pack's `scene_normal` and
-//!   `scene_material`: surface normals and material properties
-//!   reconstructed from depth and scene colour;
-//! - `shadow_depth`, an api 2 pack's: the sun/moon shadow map and its
-//!   light-space `shadow_view` and `shadow_proj` matrices.
-//!
-//! With none of them on, the world renders straight to the screen as before.
-
-use super::pack_stages::FrameUniform;
-use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
-
-const GBUFFER_WGSL: &str = r#"
-struct GbufferParams {
-    inverse_view: mat4x4<f32>,
-    inverse_projection: mat4x4<f32>,
-    resolution: vec4<f32>,
-    // x: eye block light (0..1), y: eye sky light (0..1), z: wetness (0..1), w: sun elevation
-    env: vec4<f32>,
-}
-
-@group(0) @binding(0) var world_color: texture_2d<f32>;
-@group(0) @binding(1) var world_depth: texture_depth_2d;
-@group(0) @binding(2) var opaque_depth: texture_depth_2d;
-@group(0) @binding(3) var nearest_sampler: sampler;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var<uniform> params: GbufferParams;
-
-struct VsOut {
-    @builtin(position) clip: vec4<f32>,
-    @location(0) uv: vec2<f32>,
-}
-
-@vertex
-fn vs_gbuffer(@builtin(vertex_index) i: u32) -> VsOut {
-    let p = vec2<f32>(f32((i << 1u) & 2u), f32(i & 2u));
-    var out: VsOut;
-    out.clip = vec4<f32>(p * 2.0 - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
-    out.uv = vec2<f32>(p.x, 1.0 - p.y);
-    return out;
-}
-
-struct GbufferOut {
-    @location(0) normal: vec4<f32>,
-    @location(1) material: vec4<f32>,
-}
-
-fn world_pos(uv: vec2<f32>, d: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
-    let v = params.inverse_projection * vec4<f32>(uv.x * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0 - uv.y * 2.0, d, 1.0);
-    let view = v.xyz / max(v.w, 1e-6);
-    return (params.inverse_view * vec4<f32>(view, 1.0)).xyz;
-}
-
-@fragment
-fn fs_gbuffer(in: VsOut) -> GbufferOut {
-    let d_all = textureSampleLevel(world_depth, nearest_sampler, in.uv, 0);
-    let d_opq = textureSampleLevel(opaque_depth, nearest_sampler, in.uv, 0);
-    let color = textureSampleLevel(world_color, nearest_sampler, in.uv, 0.0);
-    var out: GbufferOut;
-    if d_all <= 0.0 && d_opq <= 0.0 {
-        out.normal = vec4<f32>(0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0);
-        out.material = vec4<f32>(0.0, params.env.y, 0.0, 1.0);
-        return out;
-    }
-    let d = select(d_all, d_opq, d_opq > 0.0);
-    let step_uv = params.resolution.zw;
-    let p0 = world_pos(in.uv, d);
-    let uv_r = clamp(in.uv + vec2<f32>(step_uv.x, 0.0), vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(1.0));
-    let uv_l = clamp(in.uv - vec2<f32>(step_uv.x, 0.0), vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(1.0));
-    let uv_d = clamp(in.uv + vec2<f32>(0.0, step_uv.y), vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(1.0));
-    let uv_u = clamp(in.uv - vec2<f32>(0.0, step_uv.y), vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(1.0));
-    let dr = textureSampleLevel(opaque_depth, nearest_sampler, uv_r, 0);
-    let dl = textureSampleLevel(opaque_depth, nearest_sampler, uv_l, 0);
-    let dd = textureSampleLevel(opaque_depth, nearest_sampler, uv_d, 0);
-    let du = textureSampleLevel(opaque_depth, nearest_sampler, uv_u, 0);
-    let dx = select(world_pos(uv_r, dr) - p0, p0 - world_pos(uv_l, dl), abs(dl - d) < abs(dr - d));
-    let dy = select(world_pos(uv_d, dd) - p0, p0 - world_pos(uv_u, du), abs(du - d) < abs(dd - d));
-    let raw_n = cross(dy, dx);
-    let n_len = length(raw_n);
-    let n = select(vec3<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), raw_n / max(n_len, 1e-6), n_len > 1e-6);
-    // Reversed depth: closer translucent geometry has larger depth than opaque geometry.
-    let is_translucent = select(0.0, 1.0, d_all > d_opq + 1e-5);
-    let luma = dot(color.rgb, vec3<f32>(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
-    let block_light = clamp(max(params.env.x, smoothstep(0.65, 0.98, luma)), 0.0, 1.0);
-    let roughness = select(clamp(0.85 - params.env.z * 0.45, 0.1, 1.0), 0.05, is_translucent > 0.5);
-    out.normal = vec4<f32>(n * 0.5 + 0.5, 1.0);
-    out.material = vec4<f32>(block_light, params.env.y, is_translucent, roughness);
-    return out;
-}
-"#;
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
-struct GbufferUniform {
-    inverse_view: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    inverse_projection: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-    resolution: [f32; 4],
-    env: [f32; 4],
-}
-
-/// What the frame's shader pack reads beyond the world's colour and depth:
-/// `Post` keeps these targets only while one does.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct Extras {
-    pub opaque_depth: bool,
-    pub gbuffer: bool,
-}
+//! Resolution scale and FXAA (Horizon settings): the world renders into its
+//! own target at the scaled size, then one full-screen pass copies or
+//! anti-aliases it onto the screen, under the hand and HUD. With neither on,
+//! the world renders straight to the screen.

 struct WorldTarget {
    size: [u32; 2],
-    extras: Extras,
    color: wgpu::TextureView,
-    depth_tex: wgpu::Texture,
    depth: wgpu::TextureView,
-    /// With `extras.opaque_depth` or `extras.gbuffer` (which reads it).
-    opaque_depth: Option<(wgpu::Texture, wgpu::TextureView)>,
-    gbuffer: Option<Gbuffer>,
    group: wgpu::BindGroup,
-    opaque_captured: bool,
-}
-
-struct Gbuffer {
-    normal: wgpu::TextureView,
-    material: wgpu::TextureView,
-    group: wgpu::BindGroup,
-}
-
-struct ShadowTarget {
-    resolution: u32,
-    depth: wgpu::TextureView,
 }

 pub struct Post {
    layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
    sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
-    nearest: wgpu::Sampler,
    copy: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
    fxaa: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    gbuffer_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
-    gbuffer_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
-    gbuffer_uniform: wgpu::Buffer,
    format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
    /// World resolution relative to the window (0.5..=2.0).
    pub scale: f32,
    pub antialias: bool,
    target: Option<WorldTarget>,
-    shadow: Option<ShadowTarget>,
-    /// Bumped whenever a target is made: bindings of the old ones are stale.
-    generation: u64,
-    fallback_shadow: wgpu::TextureView,
-    fallback_color: wgpu::TextureView,
-    pub shadow_view: Mat4,
-    pub shadow_proj: Mat4,
-    pub shadow_distance: f32,
-    pub shadow_resolution: u32,
-    pub shadow_active: bool,
 }

 impl Post {
@@ -225,192 +87,31 @@ impl Post {
            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
            ..Default::default()
        });
-        let nearest = device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon post nearest"),
-            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
-            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-
-        let gbuffer_shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer"),
-            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(GBUFFER_WGSL.into()),
-        });
-        let gbuffer_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer layout"),
-            entries: &[
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 0,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
-                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
-                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-                        multisampled: false,
-                    },
-                    count: None,
-                },
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 1,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
-                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth,
-                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-                        multisampled: false,
-                    },
-                    count: None,
-                },
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 2,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
-                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Depth,
-                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
-                        multisampled: false,
-                    },
-                    count: None,
-                },
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 3,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::NonFiltering),
-                    count: None,
-                },
-                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                    binding: 4,
-                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
-                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
-                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
-                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
-                        min_binding_size: None,
-                    },
-                    count: None,
-                },
-            ],
-        });
-        let gbuffer_pipe_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer"),
-            bind_group_layouts: &[Some(&gbuffer_layout)],
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-        let gbuffer_pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer"),
-            layout: Some(&gbuffer_pipe_layout),
-            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-                module: &gbuffer_shader,
-                entry_point: Some("vs_gbuffer"),
-                compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                buffers: &[],
-            },
-            primitive: Default::default(),
-            depth_stencil: None,
-            multisample: Default::default(),
-            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-                module: &gbuffer_shader,
-                entry_point: Some("fs_gbuffer"),
-                compilation_options: Default::default(),
-                targets: &[
-                    Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                        format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-                        blend: None,
-                        write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
-                    }),
-                    Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                        format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-                        blend: None,
-                        write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
-                    }),
-                ],
-            }),
-            multiview_mask: None,
-            cache: None,
-        });
-        let gbuffer_uniform = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer uniform"),
-            size: std::mem::size_of::<GbufferUniform>() as u64,
-            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
-            mapped_at_creation: false,
-        });
-        let fallback_shadow = device
-            .create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Horizon fallback shadow"),
-                size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-                    width: 1,
-                    height: 1,
-                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-                },
-                mip_level_count: 1,
-                sample_count: 1,
-                dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                    | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-                view_formats: &[],
-            })
-            .create_view(&Default::default());
-        let fallback_color = device
-            .create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-                label: Some("Horizon fallback gbuffer"),
-                size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-                    width: 1,
-                    height: 1,
-                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-                },
-                mip_level_count: 1,
-                sample_count: 1,
-                dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-                usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                    | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-                view_formats: &[],
-            })
-            .create_view(&Default::default());
        Self {
            copy: pipeline("fs_copy"),
            fxaa: pipeline("fs_fxaa"),
            layout,
            sampler,
-            nearest,
-            gbuffer_layout,
-            gbuffer_pipeline,
-            gbuffer_uniform,
            format,
            scale: 1.0,
            antialias: false,
            target: None,
-            shadow: None,
-            generation: 0,
-            fallback_shadow,
-            fallback_color,
-            shadow_view: Mat4::IDENTITY,
-            shadow_proj: Mat4::IDENTITY,
-            shadow_distance: 128.0,
-            shadow_resolution: 2048,
-            shadow_active: false,
        }
    }

    /// The world's colour and depth targets this frame, or `None` to draw
-    /// it straight to the screen. `pack`: a shader pack runs this frame,
-    /// reading `extras`.
+    /// it straight to the screen.
    pub fn prepare(
        &mut self,
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        window: [u32; 2],
-        pack: bool,
-        extras: Extras,
    ) -> Option<(wgpu::TextureView, wgpu::TextureView)> {
-        if self.scale == 1.0 && !self.antialias && !pack {
+        if self.scale == 1.0 && !self.antialias {
            self.target = None;
-            self.shadow_active = false;
            return None;
        }
        let size = window.map(|v| ((v as f32 * self.scale).round() as u32).clamp(1, 8192));
-        if self
-            .target
-            .as_ref()
-            .is_none_or(|t| t.size != size || t.extras != extras)
-        {
-            self.generation += 1;
+        if self.target.as_ref().is_none_or(|t| t.size != size) {
            let extent = wgpu::Extent3d {
                width: size[0],
                height: size[1],
@@ -434,273 +135,26 @@ impl Post {
                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
            )
            .create_view(&Default::default());
-            let depth_tex = make_tex(
+            // TEXTURE_BINDING: occlusion culling reads it.
+            let depth = make_tex(
                "Scaled world depth",
                wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                    | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING
-                    | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC,
-            );
-            let depth = depth_tex.create_view(&Default::default());
-            let opaque_depth = (extras.opaque_depth || extras.gbuffer).then(|| {
-                let tex = make_tex(
-                    "Opaque world depth",
-                    wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                    wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
-                );
-                let view = tex.create_view(&Default::default());
-                (tex, view)
-            });
-            let gbuffer = opaque_depth
-                .as_ref()
-                .filter(|_| extras.gbuffer)
-                .map(|(_, opaque)| {
-                    let color_target = |label| {
-                        make_tex(
-                            label,
-                            wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-                            wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                                | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-                        )
-                        .create_view(&Default::default())
-                    };
-                    let group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("Horizon gbuffer"),
-                        layout: &self.gbuffer_layout,
-                        entries: &[
-                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                                binding: 0,
-                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&color),
-                            },
-                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                                binding: 1,
-                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&depth),
-                            },
-                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                                binding: 2,
-                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(opaque),
-                            },
-                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                                binding: 3,
-                                resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.nearest),
-                            },
-                            wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-                                binding: 4,
-                                resource: self.gbuffer_uniform.as_entire_binding(),
-                            },
-                        ],
-                    });
-                    Gbuffer {
-                        normal: color_target("World G-buffer normal"),
-                        material: color_target("World G-buffer material"),
-                        group,
-                    }
-                });
+                wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
+            )
+            .create_view(&Default::default());
            let group = self.bind(device, &color);
            self.target = Some(WorldTarget {
                size,
-                extras,
                color,
-                depth_tex,
                depth,
-                opaque_depth,
-                gbuffer,
                group,
-                opaque_captured: false,
            });
        }
-        if let Some(t) = &mut self.target {
-            t.opaque_captured = false;
-        }
        self.target
            .as_ref()
            .map(|t| (t.color.clone(), t.depth.clone()))
    }

-    /// Prepare the directional sun/moon shadow map target and compute its
-    /// camera-relative orthographic `shadow_view` and `shadow_proj` matrices.
-    pub fn prepare_shadow(
-        &mut self,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        resolution: u32,
-        distance: f32,
-        sun_dir: Vec3,
-        moon_dir: Vec3,
-    ) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        let resolution = resolution.clamp(256, 4096);
-        let distance = distance.clamp(16.0, 512.0);
-        if self
-            .shadow
-            .as_ref()
-            .is_none_or(|s| s.resolution != resolution)
-        {
-            let depth = device
-                .create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-                    label: Some("Horizon shadow map"),
-                    size: wgpu::Extent3d {
-                        width: resolution,
-                        height: resolution,
-                        depth_or_array_layers: 1,
-                    },
-                    mip_level_count: 1,
-                    sample_count: 1,
-                    dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-                    format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-                    usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-                        | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
-                    view_formats: &[],
-                })
-                .create_view(&Default::default());
-            self.shadow = Some(ShadowTarget { resolution, depth });
-            self.generation += 1;
-        }
-        let light_dir = if sun_dir.y >= -0.05 {
-            sun_dir.normalize_or_zero()
-        } else {
-            moon_dir.normalize_or_zero()
-        };
-        let dir = if light_dir.length_squared() > 1e-4 {
-            light_dir
-        } else {
-            Vec3::Y
-        };
-        let up = if dir.y.abs() > 0.99 { Vec3::Z } else { Vec3::Y };
-        self.shadow_view = Mat4::look_at_rh(dir * distance, Vec3::ZERO, up);
-        // Reversed-depth orthographic projection for the world's GreaterEqual
-        // pipelines (near maps to 1.0, far maps to 0.0), and standard 0..1
-        // projection for shader sampling.
-        self.shadow_proj = Mat4::orthographic_rh(
-            -distance,
-            distance,
-            -distance,
-            distance,
-            distance * 2.5,
-            0.05,
-        );
-        self.shadow_distance = distance;
-        self.shadow_resolution = resolution;
-        self.shadow_active = true;
-        &self.shadow.as_ref().expect("created above").depth
-    }
-
-    /// Snapshot `world_depth` into `opaque_depth` (`depthtex1`/`depthtex2`)
-    /// right before translucent water and weather draw.
-    pub fn capture_opaque_depth(&mut self, encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) {
-        let Some(t) = &mut self.target else { return };
-        let Some((opaque, _)) = &t.opaque_depth else {
-            return;
-        };
-        encoder.copy_texture_to_texture(
-            t.depth_tex.as_image_copy(),
-            opaque.as_image_copy(),
-            t.depth_tex.size(),
-        );
-        t.opaque_captured = true;
-    }
-
-    /// Reconstruct the G-buffer `normal` and `material` textures after the
-    /// world pass finishes (with `Extras::gbuffer`).
-    pub fn build_gbuffer(
-        &mut self,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
-        frame: &FrameUniform,
-        eye_light: [u8; 2],
-        wetness: f32,
-    ) {
-        if !self.target.as_ref().is_some_and(|t| t.opaque_captured) {
-            self.capture_opaque_depth(encoder);
-        }
-        let Some(t) = &self.target else { return };
-        let Some(gbuffer) = &t.gbuffer else { return };
-        let [w, h] = t.size.map(|v| v.max(1) as f32);
-        let uniform = GbufferUniform {
-            inverse_view: frame.inverse_view,
-            inverse_projection: frame.inverse_projection,
-            resolution: [w, h, 1.0 / w, 1.0 / h],
-            env: [
-                f32::from(eye_light[0]) / 15.0,
-                f32::from(eye_light[1]) / 15.0,
-                wetness,
-                frame.sun[1],
-            ],
-        };
-        queue.write_buffer(&self.gbuffer_uniform, 0, bytemuck::bytes_of(&uniform));
-        let attachments = [
-            Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-                view: &gbuffer.normal,
-                resolve_target: None,
-                depth_slice: None,
-                ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::BLACK),
-                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                },
-            }),
-            Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
-                view: &gbuffer.material,
-                resolve_target: None,
-                depth_slice: None,
-                ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color::BLACK),
-                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
-                },
-            }),
-        ];
-        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-            label: Some("Horizon gbuffer"),
-            color_attachments: &attachments,
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-        pass.set_pipeline(&self.gbuffer_pipeline);
-        pass.set_bind_group(0, &gbuffer.group, &[]);
-        pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
-    }
-
-    /// The world target's size, once `prepare` made one.
-    pub fn size(&self) -> Option<[u32; 2]> {
-        self.target.as_ref().map(|t| t.size)
-    }
-
-    /// Changes whenever `prepare` or `prepare_shadow` makes new targets:
-    /// bindings made from the views below must be made again.
-    pub fn generation(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.generation
-    }
-
-    /// The depth before translucent geometry (`capture_opaque_depth`), or
-    /// the world's depth when nothing reads it.
-    pub fn opaque_depth(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        match &self.target {
-            Some(WorldTarget {
-                opaque_depth: Some((_, view)),
-                ..
-            }) => view,
-            Some(t) => &t.depth,
-            None => &self.fallback_shadow,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reconstructed world-space normals (`scene_normal`).
-    pub fn normal(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        self.gbuffer().map_or(&self.fallback_color, |g| &g.normal)
-    }
-
-    /// Reconstructed material and light (`scene_material`).
-    pub fn material(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        self.gbuffer().map_or(&self.fallback_color, |g| &g.material)
-    }
-
-    fn gbuffer(&self) -> Option<&Gbuffer> {
-        self.target.as_ref()?.gbuffer.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    /// The sun/moon shadow map (`shadow_depth` of api 2 packs).
-    pub fn shadow_depth(&self) -> &wgpu::TextureView {
-        self.shadow
-            .as_ref()
-            .map_or(&self.fallback_shadow, |s| &s.depth)
-    }
-
    /// Bindings that copy (or anti-alias) `view` onto the screen in `finish_with`.
    pub fn bind(&self, device: &wgpu::Device, view: &wgpu::TextureView) -> wgpu::BindGroup {
        device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
@@ -227,8 +227,6 @@ pub struct Graphics {
    pub far_detail: FarDetail,
    /// Skip sections hidden behind closed ones (vanilla's occlusion graph).
    pub cave_culling: bool,
-    /// Hide shared leaf and mangrove-root faces, reducing foliage density.
-    pub cull_leaves: bool,
    /// Skip drawing entities hidden behind opaque terrain.
    pub entity_culling: bool,
    /// Meshed sections uploaded per frame; 0 uploads all that are ready.
@@ -252,9 +250,6 @@ pub struct Graphics {
    /// or behind other windows, and half the worker threads. Off by default;
    /// it changes when frames are drawn, never what they show or the ticks.
    pub battery: bool,
-    /// The Horizon shader pack in `shaderpacks/` (its folder name); empty:
-    /// none, the vanilla picture (docs/shader-packs.md).
-    pub shader_pack: String,
    /// The graphics API (Windows only; see `GraphicsApi`).
    pub api: GraphicsApi,
 }
@@ -265,7 +260,6 @@ impl Default for Graphics {
            lod_distance: 0,
            far_detail: FarDetail::Full,
            cave_culling: true,
-            cull_leaves: false,
            entity_culling: false,
            chunk_updates: 0,
            upload_budget_kib: 0,
@@ -280,7 +274,6 @@ impl Default for Graphics {
            resolution_scale: 100,
            fxaa: false,
            battery: false,
-            shader_pack: String::new(),
            api: GraphicsApi::Auto,
        }
    }
@@ -312,7 +305,6 @@ impl Graphics {
                "lodDistance" => g.lod_distance = number(g.lod_distance).min(1024),
                "farDetail" => g.far_detail = FarDetail::parse(value),
                "caveCulling" => g.cave_culling = flag(g.cave_culling),
-                "cullLeaves" => g.cull_leaves = flag(g.cull_leaves),
                "entityCulling" => g.entity_culling = flag(g.entity_culling),
                "chunkUpdates" => g.chunk_updates = number(g.chunk_updates).min(512),
                "uploadBudgetKiB" => g.upload_budget_kib = number(g.upload_budget_kib).min(65536),
@@ -332,7 +324,6 @@ impl Graphics {
                "resolutionScale" => g.resolution_scale = number(g.resolution_scale).clamp(50, 200),
                "fxaa" => g.fxaa = flag(g.fxaa),
                "batteryMode" => g.battery = flag(g.battery),
-                "shaderPack" => g.shader_pack = value.to_string(),
                "graphicsApi" => g.api = GraphicsApi::from_name(value).unwrap_or_default(),
                "overlay" => {
                    g.overlay = match value {
@@ -348,12 +339,11 @@ impl Graphics {
    }
    pub fn serialize(&self) -> String {
        format!(
-            "preset:{}\nlodDistance:{}\nfarDetail:{}\ncaveCulling:{}\ncullLeaves:{}\nentityCulling:{}\nchunkUpdates:{}\nuploadBudgetKiB:{}\nsky:{}\nfog:{}\nweather:{}\nanimatedTextures:{}\npresentMode:{}\nframePacing:{}\nworkers:{}\noverlay:{}\nresolutionScale:{}\nfxaa:{}\nbatteryMode:{}\nshaderPack:{}\ngraphicsApi:{}\n",
+            "preset:{}\nlodDistance:{}\nfarDetail:{}\ncaveCulling:{}\nentityCulling:{}\nchunkUpdates:{}\nuploadBudgetKiB:{}\nsky:{}\nfog:{}\nweather:{}\nanimatedTextures:{}\npresentMode:{}\nframePacing:{}\nworkers:{}\noverlay:{}\nresolutionScale:{}\nfxaa:{}\nbatteryMode:{}\ngraphicsApi:{}\n",
            self.preset.name(),
            self.lod_distance,
            self.far_detail.name(),
            bool_text(self.cave_culling),
-            bool_text(self.cull_leaves),
            bool_text(self.entity_culling),
            self.chunk_updates,
            self.upload_budget_kib,
@@ -375,7 +365,6 @@ impl Graphics {
            self.resolution_scale,
            bool_text(self.fxaa),
            bool_text(self.battery),
-            self.shader_pack,
            self.api.name(),
        )
    }
@@ -454,7 +443,6 @@ mod tests {
            lod_distance: 256,
            far_detail: FarDetail::Reduced,
            cave_culling: false,
-            cull_leaves: true,
            entity_culling: true,
            chunk_updates: 12,
            upload_budget_kib: 4096,
@@ -469,15 +457,19 @@ mod tests {
            resolution_scale: 75,
            fxaa: true,
            battery: true,
-            shader_pack: "horizon-sample".into(),
            api: GraphicsApi::Dx12,
        };
        assert_eq!(Graphics::parse(&g.serialize()), g);
        assert_eq!(Graphics::parse(""), Graphics::default());
-        // The old menus' Simple / Advanced choice is ignored.
+        // The old menus' Simple / Advanced choice is ignored, and so is the
+        // shader pack older versions saved.
        assert_eq!(Graphics::parse("level:advanced\n"), Graphics::default());
        assert_eq!(
-            Graphics::parse("workers:abc\nsky:maybe\ncullLeaves:maybe\nentityCulling:maybe\n"),
+            Graphics::parse("shaderPack:Pack.zip\n"),
+            Graphics::default()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            Graphics::parse("workers:abc\nsky:maybe\ncullLeaves:true\nentityCulling:maybe\n"),
            Graphics::default()
        );
    }
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ pub enum H {
    LodDistance,
    FarDetail,
    CaveCulling,
-    CullLeaves,
    EntityCulling,
    ChunkUpdates,
    UploadBudget,
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ pub enum H {
    ResolutionScale,
    Antialiasing,
    BatteryMode,
-    ShaderPack,
    GraphicsApi,
 }

@@ -112,18 +110,13 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
        "Waits for the display's refresh: no tearing, a little latency.",
    );
    let gui = v(Opt::GuiScale, None, "Size of menus and the HUD.");
-    let shader_pack = h(
-        H::ShaderPack,
-        High,
-        "Redraws the world with a pack from the shaderpacks folder. Off is vanilla.",
-    );
    let preset = h(
        H::Preset,
        None,
        "Sets the options below together. Changing one makes it Custom.",
    );
    let mut rows = match level {
-        Level::Simple => vec![preset, render, lod, far, fov, fps, vsync, gui, shader_pack],
+        Level::Simple => vec![preset, render, lod, far, fov, fps, vsync, gui],
        Level::Advanced => vec![
            Row::Header("Rendering"),
            render,
@@ -144,11 +137,6 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
                Saves,
                "Skips terrain hidden behind closed sections. Off costs a lot.",
            ),
-            h(
-                H::CullLeaves,
-                None,
-                "Hides shared leaf and mangrove root faces; foliage can look less dense.",
-            ),
            h(
                H::EntityCulling,
                None,
@@ -251,7 +239,6 @@ pub fn rows(level: Level) -> Vec<Row> {
                None,
                "Lowers the frame rate when minimised, or idle too.",
            ),
-            shader_pack,
            Row::Header("Preferences"),
            v(Opt::ViewBobbing, None, "Sways the view while walking."),
            v(Opt::ChunkFade, None, "Fades newly loaded chunks in."),
@@ -350,7 +337,6 @@ impl H {
            },
            H::FarDetail => labelled("Far Detail", g.far_detail.label()),
            H::CaveCulling => labelled("Cave Culling", on_off(g.cave_culling)),
-            H::CullLeaves => labelled("Cull Leaves", on_off(g.cull_leaves)),
            H::EntityCulling => labelled("Entity Culling", on_off(g.entity_culling)),
            H::ChunkUpdates => match g.chunk_updates {
                0 => labelled("Chunk Updates", "Unlimited"),
@@ -381,10 +367,6 @@ impl H {
            H::Antialiasing => labelled("Anti-aliasing", if g.fxaa { "FXAA" } else { "Off" }),
            H::BatteryMode => labelled("Battery Mode", on_off(g.battery)),
            H::GraphicsApi => labelled("Graphics API", g.api.label()),
-            H::ShaderPack => match g.shader_pack.as_str() {
-                "" => labelled("Shader Pack", "Off"),
-                id => labelled("Shader Pack", id),
-            },
            H::Overlay => labelled(
                "Performance Overlay",
                match g.overlay {
@@ -429,7 +411,6 @@ impl H {
                g.far_detail = step(&[FarDetail::Full, FarDetail::Reduced], g.far_detail, back)
            }
            H::CaveCulling => g.cave_culling = !g.cave_culling,
-            H::CullLeaves => g.cull_leaves = !g.cull_leaves,
            H::EntityCulling => g.entity_culling = !g.entity_culling,
            H::Sky => g.sky = !g.sky,
            H::Fog => g.fog = !g.fog,
@@ -466,7 +447,6 @@ impl Item {
        let g = &s.horizon;
        Some(match self {
            Item::Horizon(H::CaveCulling) => g.cave_culling,
-            Item::Horizon(H::CullLeaves) => g.cull_leaves,
            Item::Horizon(H::EntityCulling) => g.entity_culling,
            Item::Horizon(H::Sky) => g.sky,
            Item::Horizon(H::Fog) => g.fog,
@@ -527,7 +507,6 @@ impl Item {
                    | H::PresentMode
                    | H::Workers
                    | H::BatteryMode
-                    | H::ShaderPack
                    | H::GraphicsApi
            ) | Item::Vanilla(
                Opt::GuiScale
@@ -557,8 +536,6 @@ pub enum Action {
    Changed,
    OpenAdvanced,
    OpenSimple,
-    /// The Shader Pack row: the Shader Packs page (where packs are picked).
-    OpenShaderPacks,
    Done,
 }

@@ -784,9 +761,6 @@ impl GraphicsUi {
            }
            return match wd.target {
                Target::Button(action) => vec![Action::ButtonClick, action],
-                Target::Item(Item::Horizon(H::ShaderPack)) => {
-                    vec![Action::ButtonClick, Action::OpenShaderPacks]
-                }
                Target::Item(item) => {
                    if item.slider(s).is_some() {
                        self.dragging = Some(item);
@@ -994,44 +968,6 @@ mod tests {
        );
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn the_shader_pack_row_is_off_by_default_and_outside_presets() {
-        let mut s = Settings::default();
-        let row = Item::Horizon(H::ShaderPack);
-        assert_eq!(row.label(&s).plain(), "Shader Pack: Off");
-        assert!(
-            rows(Level::Advanced)
-                .iter()
-                .any(|r| matches!(r, Row::Setting(x) if x.item == row))
-        );
-        s.horizon.shader_pack = "horizon-sample".into();
-        assert_eq!(row.label(&s).plain(), "Shader Pack: horizon-sample");
-        // The row opens the Shader Packs page, where packs are picked.
-        let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
-        let find = |ui: &mut GraphicsUi| {
-            let (widgets, ..) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, 854.0, 480.0);
-            widgets
-                .into_iter()
-                .find(|w| matches!(w.target, Target::Item(i) if i == row))
-                .unwrap()
-        };
-        ui.scroll = find(&mut ui).y - GraphicsUi::bounds(480.0).0 - 4.0;
-        let w = find(&mut ui);
-        assert_eq!(
-            ui.click(
-                Level::Advanced,
-                &mut s,
-                (w.x + 1.0, w.y + 1.0),
-                (854.0, 480.0),
-                [854, 480],
-                false,
-                false
-            ),
-            [Action::ButtonClick, Action::OpenShaderPacks]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(s.horizon.shader_pack, "horizon-sample");
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn presets_set_vanilla_and_horizon_options() {
        let mut s = Settings::default();
@@ -1058,48 +994,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(s.horizon.upload_budget_kib, 0);
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn cull_leaves_is_opt_in_and_toggles_from_advanced_graphics() {
-        let mut s = Settings::default();
-        let item = Item::Horizon(H::CullLeaves);
-        assert_eq!(item.switch(&s), Some(false));
-        assert_eq!(item.label(&s).plain(), "Cull Leaves: Off");
-        for enabled in [false, true] {
-            s.horizon.cull_leaves = enabled;
-            for preset in Preset::ALL {
-                crate::graphics::apply_preset(preset, &mut s);
-                assert_eq!(s.horizon.cull_leaves, enabled);
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut ui = GraphicsUi::default();
-        let size = (480.0, 4000.0);
-        let (widgets, _, _) = ui.layout(Level::Advanced, size.0, size.1);
-        let switch = widgets
-            .iter()
-            .find(|w| matches!(w.target, Target::Item(i) if i == item))
-            .unwrap();
-        let point = (switch.x + 1.0, switch.y + 1.0);
-        for enabled in [false, true] {
-            s.horizon.preset = Preset::Balanced;
-            assert_eq!(
-                ui.click(
-                    Level::Advanced,
-                    &mut s,
-                    point,
-                    size,
-                    [854, 480],
-                    false,
-                    false
-                ),
-                vec![Action::ButtonClick, Action::Changed]
-            );
-            assert_eq!(item.switch(&s), Some(enabled));
-            assert_eq!(s.horizon.preset, Preset::Custom);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(item.label(&s).plain(), "Cull Leaves: On");
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn entity_culling_is_opt_in_and_toggles_from_advanced_graphics() {
        let mut s = Settings::default();
@@ -253,6 +253,22 @@ impl PlayerHealth {
            self.hurt_animation_time -= 1;
        }
    }
+    /// `LivingEntity.animateHurt` / `handleDamageEvent` on a client: the hurt
+    /// tilt and red flash restart.
+    pub fn animate_hurt(&mut self) {
+        self.hurt.hurt_duration = 10;
+        self.hurt.hurt_time = 10;
+        self.hurt_animation_time = 10;
+    }
+    /// `LocalPlayer.hurtTo` with `flashOnSetHealth`: a drop below the current
+    /// health starts the hurt animation.
+    pub fn flash_health_change(&mut self, health: f32) {
+        let damage = self.health() - health;
+        if damage > 0.0 {
+            self.hurt.last_hurt = damage;
+            self.animate_hurt();
+        }
+    }
 }
 impl PlayerMotion {
    pub fn hurt(
@@ -274,6 +290,9 @@ impl PlayerMotion {
        amount: f32,
        blocking: Option<Blocking>,
    ) -> Result<BlockOutcome> {
+        if self.client_side {
+            return Ok(BlockOutcome::default());
+        }
        let source = resources
            .damage
            .source::<()>(source, None, None, None)
@@ -298,6 +317,7 @@ impl PlayerMotion {
            blocking,
            blocked: 0.0,
            block_sound: false,
+            knocked: false,
            totem: totem_ready,
            totem_fired: false,
        };
@@ -313,6 +333,7 @@ impl PlayerMotion {
            hurt,
            blocked: environment.blocked,
            sound: environment.block_sound,
+            knockback: environment.knocked,
        };
        if environment.totem_fired {
            h.totem_used = true;
@@ -373,6 +394,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Environment<'a> {
    pub(crate) blocking: Option<Blocking>,
    pub(crate) blocked: f32,
    pub(crate) block_sound: bool,
+    /// `dealDefaultKnockback` ran: a fresh hit, not fully blocked.
+    pub(crate) knocked: bool,
    /// LivingEntity.checkTotemDeathProtection: a totem is held / was used.
    pub(crate) totem: bool,
    pub(crate) totem_fired: bool,
@@ -435,6 +458,9 @@ pub struct BlockOutcome {
    pub blocked: f32,
    /// `BlocksAttacks.onBlocked` ran (the block sound plays).
    pub sound: bool,
+    /// The hit knocks the player back (`dealDefaultKnockback`): not one in
+    /// the hurt cooldown, nor one the shield took whole.
+    pub knockback: bool,
 }
 struct MatchedSets;
 impl horizon_world::blocking_rules::TypeMatchWorld for MatchedSets {
@@ -667,9 +693,11 @@ impl HurtWorld for Environment<'_> {
        *self.sync_velocity = true;
        Ok(())
    }
+    /// The caller applies it: these sources carry no entity or position.
    fn knockback(&mut self, _: &mut State, _: f32, _: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.knocked = true;
        Ok(())
-    } // no entity or position on these sources
+    }
    fn death_protection(&mut self, _: &mut State) -> io::Result<bool> {
        if !self.totem
            || self
@@ -761,6 +789,37 @@ impl ServerPlayerHurtWorld for Environment<'_> {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn a_hit_in_the_hurt_cooldown_knocks_nobody_back() {
+        let root = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("../../.local/horizon-client")
+            .join(horizon_core::VANILLA_VERSION);
+        if !root.join("movement-properties.nbt").exists() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let assets = crate::assets::Assets::load(&root).unwrap();
+        let resources = crate::motion::MotionResources::load(&root, &assets).unwrap();
+        let mut player =
+            crate::motion::PlayerMotion::new(&resources, horizon_core::geometry::Vec3::ZERO)
+                .unwrap();
+        let (health, rules) = (&resources.health, super::HealthRules::default());
+        let id = health.damage.id("minecraft:mob_attack").unwrap();
+        let mut hit = |amount| {
+            player
+                .hurt_blocking(health, rules, id, amount, None)
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        let first = hit(1.0);
+        assert!(first.hurt && first.knockback);
+        // A stronger hit inside the cooldown hurts by the difference only
+        // (LivingEntity.hurtServer), with no dealDefaultKnockback.
+        let second = hit(2.0);
+        assert!(second.hurt && !second.knockback);
+        // A weaker one doesn't hurt at all.
+        let third = hit(1.5);
+        assert!(!third.hurt && !third.knockback);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn hurt_sounds_follow_damage_effects() {
        // DamageEffects: HURT, THORNS, DROWNING, BURNING, POKING, FREEZING.
@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ pub const MINIMAP_SPRITE: &str = "horizon/minimap";
 pub const SKIN_SLOTS: usize = 32;
 /// Reused by the visible rows of the classic world selector.
 pub const WORLD_ICON_SLOTS: usize = 32;
+/// Atlas slots for the pack icons on the pack screen, one per icon drawn
+/// (`PackSelectionScreen.loadPackIcon` registers a texture per pack): two lists
+/// of 36-pixel rows at GUI scale 2 on a 4K screen still fit.
+pub const PACK_ICON_SLOTS: usize = 64;
+/// A pack icon slot's side: vanilla's own icons are 128x128.
+pub const PACK_ICON_SIZE: u32 = 128;
 /// Atlas slots for armour trim textures made at run time (`trims`), each the
 /// size of the largest trim texture.
 pub const TRIM_SLOTS: usize = 32;
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@ impl HudAtlas {
        )
    }
    /// Empty slots written at run time: map textures (game/maps.rs), the
-    /// minimap, downloaded skins, world icons and the on-screen keyboard's text.
+    /// minimap, downloaded skins, world and pack icons and the on-screen keyboard's text.
    fn slots(images: &mut Vec<PackedImage>, trim: (u32, u32)) {
        for i in 0..MAP_SLOTS {
            images.push((format!("horizon/map{i}"), 128, 128, vec![0; 128 * 128 * 4]));
@@ -284,6 +290,15 @@ impl HudAtlas {
                vec![0; 64 * 64 * 4],
            ));
        }
+        let side = PACK_ICON_SIZE as usize;
+        for i in 0..PACK_ICON_SLOTS {
+            images.push((
+                format!("horizon/pack-icon{i}"),
+                PACK_ICON_SIZE,
+                PACK_ICON_SIZE,
+                vec![0; side * side * 4],
+            ));
+        }
        // The on-screen keyboard's text and corner masks (ui_theme), rasterized at run time.
        images.push((
            "horizon/ui-text".into(),
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ impl PlayerMotion {
        Ok(())
    }
    pub fn food_tick(&mut self, resources: &HealthResources, rules: HealthRules) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.client_side {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
        let h = &mut self.health;
        let mut world = TickWorld {
            resources,
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@ impl FoodWorld for TickWorld<'_> {
            blocking: None,
            blocked: 0.0,
            block_sound: false,
+            knocked: false,
            totem: false,
            totem_fired: false,
        };
@@ -271,23 +271,15 @@ fn read_levels(t: Option<&Tag>) -> Levels {
        return Vec::new();
    };
    // Pre-1.21.5 worlds wrap the map in {levels: {...}}.
-    if let Some(Tag::Compound(inner)) = map.get(&JavaString::from("levels")) {
-        return inner
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
-                Some((
-                    Arc::from(k.to_string_lossy().as_str()),
-                    int(v)?.clamp(1, 255) as u32,
-                ))
-            })
-            .collect();
-    }
+    let map = match map.get(&JavaString::from("levels")) {
+        Some(Tag::Compound(inner)) => inner,
+        _ => map,
+    };
+    // The keys are enchantment Identifiers: `knockback` is `minecraft:knockback`.
    map.iter()
        .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
-            Some((
-                Arc::from(k.to_string_lossy().as_str()),
-                int(v)?.clamp(1, 255) as u32,
-            ))
+            let id = horizon_world::datafix::dynamic::namespaced(&k.to_string_lossy());
+            Some((Arc::from(id), int(v)?.clamp(1, 255) as u32))
        })
        .collect()
 }
@@ -863,6 +855,22 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(back.custom_name(), Some("Blade"));
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn enchantment_ids_without_a_namespace_are_minecraft_ones() {
+        let levels = Tag::compound([
+            ("knockback", Tag::Int(2)),
+            ("minecraft:sharpness", Tag::Int(1)),
+        ]);
+        let components = Tag::compound([("minecraft:enchantments", levels)]);
+        let (_, extra) = decode_components(Some(&components));
+        let stack = ItemStack {
+            extra,
+            ..ItemStack::new("minecraft:wooden_sword", 1)
+        };
+        assert_eq!(stack.enchantment_level("minecraft:knockback"), 2);
+        assert_eq!(stack.enchantment_level("minecraft:sharpness"), 1);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn custom_name_reads_the_extra_spans() {
        let name = Tag::compound([
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
                continue;
            }
            // LootPool: rolls.getInt (Mth.randomBetweenInclusive for uniform rolls).
-            let rolls = ctx.int_number(&pool["rolls"], random).max(0) as u32;
+            let rolls = LootContext::int_number(&pool["rolls"], random).max(0) as u32;
            for _ in 0..rolls {
                let mut produced = Vec::new();
                ctx.choose(
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
    fn enchantment_level(&self, id: &str) -> u32 {
        self.held.map_or(0, |h| h.enchantment_level(id))
    }
-    fn number<R: RandomSource>(&self, v: &Value, random: &mut R) -> f32 {
+    fn number<R: RandomSource>(v: &Value, random: &mut R) -> f32 {
        match v {
            Value::Number(n) => n.as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0) as f32,
            Value::Object(o) => match o
@@ -1097,8 +1097,8 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
                    o.get("value").and_then(Value::as_f64).unwrap_or(0.0) as f32
                }
                "minecraft:uniform" => {
-                    let min = self.number(o.get("min").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
-                    let max = self.number(o.get("max").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
+                    let min = Self::number(o.get("min").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
+                    let max = Self::number(o.get("max").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
                    // UniformGenerator.getFloat / getInt (Mth.nextInt) differ; use int for counts.
                    if max <= min {
                        min
@@ -1107,8 +1107,8 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
                    }
                }
                "minecraft:binomial" => {
-                    let n = self.number(o.get("n").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random) as u32;
-                    let p = self.number(o.get("p").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
+                    let n = Self::number(o.get("n").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random) as u32;
+                    let p = Self::number(o.get("p").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
                    (0..n).filter(|_| random.next_float() < p).count() as f32
                }
                _ => 1.0,
@@ -1116,22 +1116,22 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
            _ => 1.0,
        }
    }
-    fn int_number<R: RandomSource>(&self, v: &Value, random: &mut R) -> i32 {
+    fn int_number<R: RandomSource>(v: &Value, random: &mut R) -> i32 {
        if let Value::Object(o) = v
            && o.get("type")
                .and_then(Value::as_str)
                .unwrap_or("minecraft:uniform")
                == "minecraft:uniform"
        {
-            let min = self.int_number(o.get("min").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
-            let max = self.int_number(o.get("max").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
+            let min = Self::int_number(o.get("min").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
+            let max = Self::int_number(o.get("max").unwrap_or(&Value::Null), random);
            return if max <= min {
                min
            } else {
                min + random.next_int_bound(max - min + 1).unwrap_or(0)
            };
        }
-        self.number(v, random).round() as i32
+        Self::number(v, random).round() as i32
    }
    fn condition<R: RandomSource>(&self, c: &Value, random: &mut R) -> bool {
        let (kind, c) = match c {
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
                .into_iter()
                .flatten()
                .all(|t| self.condition(t, random)),
-            "minecraft:random_chance" => random.next_float() < self.number(&c["chance"], random),
+            "minecraft:random_chance" => random.next_float() < Self::number(&c["chance"], random),
            "minecraft:table_bonus" => {
                // BonusLevelTableCondition: chances[min(level, len - 1)].
                let level =
@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
            }
            match f["type"].as_str().or(f["function"].as_str()).unwrap_or("") {
                "minecraft:set_count" => {
-                    let n = self.int_number(&f["count"], random);
+                    let n = Self::int_number(&f["count"], random);
                    let base = if f["add"].as_bool() == Some(true) {
                        stack.count as i32
                    } else {
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ impl LootContext<'_> {
                    // Attacker's level x count, rounded (looting).
                    let level = self.enchantment_level(f["enchantment"].as_str().unwrap_or(""));
                    if level > 0 && self.killed_by_player && self.block.is_empty() {
-                        let add = level as f32 * self.number(&f["count"], random);
+                        let add = level as f32 * Self::number(&f["count"], random);
                        stack.count = (stack.count as i32 + add.round() as i32).max(0) as u32;
                        if let Some(limit) = f["limit"].as_i64().filter(|l| *l > 0) {
                            stack.count = stack.count.min(limit as u32);
@@ -1,472 +0,0 @@
-//! Java (OptiFine/Iris) shader packs in `shaderpacks/` (docs/shader-packs.md):
-//! a folder holding `shaders/`, or a `.zip`. `horizon-shaderpack` translates
-//! their full-screen programs (`begin`, `prepare`, `deferred`, `composite`,
-//! `final`) to WGSL, and `gfx/java_stages.rs` runs them over Horizon's world
-//! as Iris runs them over its own. Of the geometry programs, the terrain's
-//! (`gbuffers_terrain`, `gbuffers_water` and their fallbacks) draw Horizon's
-//! terrain (`gfx/java_terrain.rs`); the rest of the world is Horizon's.
-use horizon_shaderpack::{
-    JavaPack,
-    pipeline::{Directives, GeometryProgram, Pass, Program, TargetSettings},
-    preprocess::Environment,
-    properties::{Blend, SkyDirectives},
-    uniforms::CustomUniforms,
-};
-use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
-    path::Path,
-};
-
-/// The passes of one program folder (`world0`, or `""` for the pack's root).
-pub struct JavaFolder {
-    pub folder: String,
-    pub targets: Vec<TargetSettings>,
-    /// `begin*`, `prepare*`, `deferred*`, `composite*`, in order.
-    pub passes: Vec<Program>,
-    /// How many of `passes` run before the world (`begin*`, `prepare*`): the
-    /// world's colour and depth enter `world_target` and `depthtex*` after them.
-    pub world_at: usize,
-    /// The colour target the world goes into, where the pack's terrain
-    /// program draws (MakeUp: colortex1).
-    pub world_target: u32,
-    /// The targets whose alternate side the world is written to.
-    pub flipped_after_prepare: BTreeSet<u32>,
-    pub final_pass: Option<Program>,
-    /// The targets whose alternate side holds the frame's last write.
-    pub flipped_at_end: BTreeSet<u32>,
-    /// `sunPathRotation`, `eyeBrightnessHalflife`, `wetnessHalflife` and
-    /// `drynessHalflife`.
-    pub directives: Directives,
-    /// The programs Horizon's solid and translucent terrain are drawn with,
-    /// each translated for instanced and flat draws (`variants[0]`).
-    pub terrain: Option<GeometryProgram>,
-    pub water: Option<GeometryProgram>,
-    /// How many of `passes` run before translucent terrain (`begin*`,
-    /// `prepare*`, `deferred*`).
-    pub translucent_at: usize,
-    pub flipped_after_translucent: BTreeSet<u32>,
-    /// Each draw buffer's blending in `terrain` and `water`.
-    pub terrain_blends: Vec<Option<wgpu::BlendState>>,
-    pub water_blends: Vec<Option<wgpu::BlendState>>,
-    /// The shadow map's programs over Horizon's solid and translucent
-    /// terrain (instanced draws only), drawn after `begin*`, into
-    /// `shadowcolor` targets set by `shadow_targets`.
-    pub shadow: Option<GeometryProgram>,
-    pub shadow_water: Option<GeometryProgram>,
-    pub shadow_targets: Vec<TargetSettings>,
-    pub shadow_blends: Vec<Option<wgpu::BlendState>>,
-    pub shadow_water_blends: Vec<Option<wgpu::BlendState>>,
-    /// How many of `passes` run before the shadow map (`begin*`).
-    pub shadow_at: usize,
-}
-
-/// The key of `texture.noise` (`noisetex`) in [`JavaPasses::custom_textures`].
-pub const NOISE_KEY: &str = "noise";
-
-/// The key of `texture.<stage>.<sampler>` in [`JavaPasses::custom_textures`]
-/// for a pass of `program` (`world0/composite2`): Iris's texture stages, where
-/// `final` reads the `composite` ones.
-pub fn texture_key(program: &str, sampler: &str) -> String {
-    let name = program.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(program);
-    let stage = match name.trim_end_matches(|c: char| c.is_ascii_digit()) {
-        "final" => "composite",
-        stage => stage,
-    };
-    format!("{stage}.{sampler}")
-}
-
-/// A loaded Java pack.
-pub struct JavaPasses {
-    pub folders: Vec<JavaFolder>,
-    /// `uniform.*` / `variable.*` from `shaders.properties`.
-    pub uniforms: CustomUniforms,
-    /// What the pack keeps of the vanilla sky (`clouds`, `sun`, `moon`).
-    pub sky: SkyDirectives,
-    /// `block.properties`: block name → `mc_Entity` id.
-    pub block_ids: BTreeMap<String, i32>,
-    /// `texture.<stage>.<sampler>` and `texture.noise` images, by
-    /// `"<stage>.<sampler>"` and [`NOISE_KEY`].
-    pub custom_textures: BTreeMap<String, crate::shader_pack::Rgba>,
-}
-
-impl JavaPasses {
-    /// The folder Iris uses in `dimension` (0 overworld, -1 the Nether, 1 the
-    /// End): `world<N>` when the pack has one, else `world0`, else the root.
-    pub fn folder_for(&self, dimension: i8) -> Option<usize> {
-        let find = |name: &str| self.folders.iter().position(|f| f.folder == name);
-        find(&format!("world{dimension}"))
-            .or_else(|| find("world0"))
-            .or_else(|| find(""))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A folder holding `shaders/`, or a zip.
-pub fn is_java_pack(path: &Path) -> bool {
-    path.join("shaders").is_dir()
-        || path.is_file()
-            && path
-                .extension()
-                .is_some_and(|e| e.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zip"))
-}
-
-/// The `MC_GL_VENDOR_*` name of a wgpu adapter (`AdapterInfo::vendor`, a
-/// PCI id; Apple's GPUs report 0).
-pub fn vendor_name(vendor: u32, adapter: &str) -> &'static str {
-    match vendor {
-        0x10de => "NVIDIA Corporation",
-        0x1002 | 0x1022 => "AMD",
-        0x8086 => "Intel",
-        _ if adapter.starts_with("Apple") => "Apple",
-        _ => "Unknown",
-    }
-}
-
-/// Open the pack at `path` and translate its full-screen passes with the
-/// player's `values`; `vendor` and `renderer` name the GPU to the pack.
-pub fn load(
-    path: &Path,
-    values: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
-    vendor: &str,
-    renderer: &str,
-) -> Result<JavaPasses, String> {
-    let pack = JavaPack::open(path)?;
-    let values = pack.values(values);
-    let env = Environment::iris(vendor, renderer, 4);
-    let properties = pack.properties(&values, &env)?;
-    let mut names: Vec<&str> = ["world0", "world-1", "world1"]
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter(|d| {
-            pack.programs
-                .iter()
-                .any(|p| p.starts_with(&format!("{d}/")))
-        })
-        .collect();
-    if pack.programs.iter().any(|p| !p.contains('/')) {
-        names.push("");
-    }
-    let mut folders = Vec::new();
-    for name in names {
-        let plan = pack.passes(name, &values, &env, &properties)?;
-        let compile = |pass| {
-            let program = pack.compile(pass, &plan.targets, &values, &env, &properties)?;
-            if let Some((image, _)) = program.fragment.interface.images.first() {
-                return Err(format!(
-                    "{}: images ({image}) aren't supported yet",
-                    program.pass.program
-                ));
-            }
-            Ok::<_, String>(program)
-        };
-        let early = plan.begin.iter().chain(&plan.prepare);
-        let passes = early
-            .clone()
-            .chain(&plan.deferred)
-            .chain(&plan.composite)
-            .map(compile)
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-        let final_pass = plan.final_pass.as_ref().map(compile).transpose()?;
-        if passes.is_empty() && final_pass.is_none() {
-            continue;
-        }
-        // A geometry program that doesn't translate leaves that terrain to
-        // Horizon, with a warning.
-        let geometry_with = |pass: &Option<horizon_shaderpack::pipeline::Pass>,
-                             alpha_test,
-                             flat: &[bool]| {
-            let pass = pass.as_ref()?;
-            let glues: Vec<_> = flat
-                .iter()
-                .map(|&flat| crate::gfx::java_terrain::glue(flat, alpha_test))
-                .collect();
-            match pack.compile_geometry(pass, &plan.targets, &values, &env, &properties, &glues) {
-                Ok(program) => Some(program),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack {}: {e}", pass.program);
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        };
-        let geometry = |pass: &Option<horizon_shaderpack::pipeline::Pass>, alpha_test| {
-            geometry_with(pass, alpha_test, &[false, true])
-        };
-        // Iris's alpha test of cutout terrain (`AlphaTests.ONE_TENTH_ALPHA`).
-        let terrain = geometry(&plan.terrain, Some(0.1));
-        let water = terrain.as_ref().and_then(|_| geometry(&plan.water, None));
-        // The shadow map draws only with the pack's terrain, and only from
-        // instanced draws (the flat draws hold what the camera sees).
-        let shadow = terrain
-            .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|_| geometry_with(&plan.shadow, Some(0.1), &[false]));
-        let shadow_water = shadow
-            .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|_| geometry_with(&plan.shadow_water, None, &[false]));
-        let translucent_at = early.clone().count() + plan.deferred.len();
-        let blends = |g: &Option<GeometryProgram>, default| {
-            g.as_ref().map_or_else(Vec::new, |g| {
-                pass_blends(&g.program.pass, &g.program.draw_buffers, default)
-            })
-        };
-        let terrain_blends = blends(&terrain, None);
-        // Iris's shadow programs don't blend (`BlendModeOverride.OFF`).
-        let shadow_blends = blends(&shadow, None);
-        let shadow_water_blends = blends(&shadow_water, None);
-        // Vanilla's translucent blending (`BlendFunction.TRANSLUCENT`).
-        let water_blends = blends(
-            &water,
-            Some(wgpu::BlendState {
-                color: wgpu::BlendComponent {
-                    src_factor: wgpu::BlendFactor::SrcAlpha,
-                    dst_factor: wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-                    operation: wgpu::BlendOperation::Add,
-                },
-                alpha: wgpu::BlendComponent {
-                    src_factor: wgpu::BlendFactor::One,
-                    dst_factor: wgpu::BlendFactor::OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-                    operation: wgpu::BlendOperation::Add,
-                },
-            }),
-        );
-        folders.push(JavaFolder {
-            folder: name.to_owned(),
-            targets: plan.targets,
-            world_at: early.count(),
-            world_target: plan.world_target,
-            passes,
-            flipped_after_prepare: plan.flipped_after_prepare,
-            final_pass,
-            flipped_at_end: plan.flipped_at_end,
-            directives: plan.directives,
-            terrain,
-            water,
-            translucent_at,
-            flipped_after_translucent: plan.flipped_after_translucent,
-            terrain_blends,
-            water_blends,
-            shadow,
-            shadow_water,
-            shadow_targets: plan.shadow_targets,
-            shadow_blends,
-            shadow_water_blends,
-            shadow_at: plan.begin.len(),
-        });
-    }
-    if folders.is_empty() {
-        return Err("no deferred, composite or final programs".into());
-    }
-    let mut custom_textures = BTreeMap::new();
-    for tex in properties.custom_textures() {
-        let key = match tex.stage {
-            Some(stage) => format!("{stage}.{}", tex.sampler),
-            None if tex.sampler == NOISE_KEY => NOISE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            None => continue,
-        };
-        // Only PNGs for now: resource locations and raw `.dat` textures are
-        // skipped and the sampler reads what it would without them.
-        let image = pack
-            .files
-            .read_bytes(&tex.path)
-            .ok_or_else(|| "not in the pack".to_owned())
-            .and_then(|bytes| crate::shader_pack::decode_png(&bytes));
-        match image {
-            Ok(image) => {
-                custom_textures.insert(key, image);
-            }
-            Err(e) => log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack texture {}: {e}", tex.path),
-        }
-    }
-    let uniforms = properties.custom_uniforms();
-    for problem in &uniforms.problems {
-        log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack custom uniform {problem}");
-    }
-    let block_ids = pack.block_ids(&values, &env).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-        log::warn!("Horizon: shader pack {e}");
-        BTreeMap::new()
-    });
-    Ok(JavaPasses {
-        folders,
-        uniforms,
-        sky: properties.sky(),
-        custom_textures,
-        block_ids,
-    })
-}
-
-/// Each draw buffer's blending, as Iris's `BlendModeOverride`:
-/// `blend.<program>.<buffer>`, else `blend.<program>`, else `default`
-/// (none for full-screen passes, vanilla's for the geometry programs).
-pub(crate) fn pass_blends(
-    pass: &Pass,
-    draw_buffers: &[u32],
-    default: Option<wgpu::BlendState>,
-) -> Vec<Option<wgpu::BlendState>> {
-    let all = pass.blend.as_ref().map_or(default, blend_state);
-    draw_buffers
-        .iter()
-        .map(|i| {
-            pass.buffer_blends
-                .iter()
-                .find(|(b, _)| b == i)
-                .map_or(all, |(_, b)| blend_state(b))
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
-/// A `blend.*` value as wgpu's blending (`off`: none). The factors are the
-/// GL ones `ShaderProperties` accepts.
-pub(crate) fn blend_state(blend: &Blend) -> Option<wgpu::BlendState> {
-    let Blend::Factors(factors) = blend else {
-        return None;
-    };
-    let factor = |name: &str| {
-        use wgpu::BlendFactor as F;
-        match name {
-            "ZERO" => F::Zero,
-            "SRC_COLOR" => F::Src,
-            "ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR" => F::OneMinusSrc,
-            "DST_COLOR" => F::Dst,
-            "ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR" => F::OneMinusDst,
-            "SRC_ALPHA" => F::SrcAlpha,
-            "ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA" => F::OneMinusSrcAlpha,
-            "DST_ALPHA" => F::DstAlpha,
-            "ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA" => F::OneMinusDstAlpha,
-            "SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE" => F::SrcAlphaSaturated,
-            _ => F::One,
-        }
-    };
-    let component = |src: &str, dst: &str| wgpu::BlendComponent {
-        src_factor: factor(src),
-        dst_factor: factor(dst),
-        operation: wgpu::BlendOperation::Add,
-    };
-    Some(wgpu::BlendState {
-        color: component(&factors[0], &factors[1]),
-        alpha: component(&factors[2], &factors[3]),
-    })
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn custom_textures_belong_to_iris_s_stages() {
-        assert_eq!(texture_key("world0/composite2", "gaux1"), "composite.gaux1");
-        assert_eq!(texture_key("final", "colortex4"), "composite.colortex4");
-        assert_eq!(
-            texture_key("world-1/deferred10", "noisetex"),
-            "deferred.noisetex"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(texture_key("prepare", "depthtex2"), "prepare.depthtex2");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn loads_the_full_screen_passes_of_a_java_pack() {
-        let dir = Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
-            .join("../horizon-shaderpack/tests/fixtures/passes");
-        assert!(is_java_pack(&dir));
-        let pack = load(&dir, &BTreeMap::new(), "Apple", "Apple M4 Pro").unwrap();
-        let [folder] = &pack.folders[..] else {
-            panic!("one folder, the root");
-        };
-        assert_eq!(folder.folder, "");
-        assert_eq!(
-            folder
-                .passes
-                .iter()
-                .map(|p| p.pass.program.as_str())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["deferred", "composite", "composite1"]
-        );
-        assert_eq!(folder.world_at, 0);
-        assert!(folder.final_pass.is_some());
-        // The overworld, the Nether and the End all use the root.
-        assert_eq!([-1, 0, 1].map(|d| pack.folder_for(d)), [Some(0); 3]);
-        assert_eq!(
-            vendor_name(0x10de, "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080"),
-            "NVIDIA Corporation"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(vendor_name(0, "Apple M4 Pro"), "Apple");
-    }
-
-    /// wgpu is given the WGSL text: it must parse again.
-    fn reparse_error(pack: &JavaPasses) -> Option<String> {
-        let passes = pack
-            .folders
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|f| f.passes.iter().chain(&f.final_pass));
-        let geometry = pack.folders.iter().flat_map(|f| {
-            f.terrain
-                .iter()
-                .chain(&f.water)
-                .chain(&f.shadow)
-                .chain(&f.shadow_water)
-        });
-        passes
-            .flat_map(|p| [(p, &p.vertex, "vsh"), (p, &p.fragment, "fsh")])
-            .chain(geometry.flat_map(|g| {
-                let p = &g.program;
-                [(p, &p.vertex, "vsh"), (p, &p.fragment, "fsh")]
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .chain(g.variants.iter().map(move |v| (p, v, "vsh (flat)")))
-            }))
-            .find_map(|(p, t, ext)| {
-                let e = naga::front::wgsl::parse_str(&t.wgsl).err()?;
-                Some(format!(
-                    "{}.{ext}: {}",
-                    p.pass.program,
-                    e.emit_to_string(&t.wgsl)
-                ))
-            })
-    }
-
-    /// The packs in `HORIZON_TEST_SHADERPACKS` (folders or zips) load as the
-    /// game loads them, with their default options: the compatibility table
-    /// of docs/shader-packs.md. Skipped when the variable isn't set.
-    #[test]
-    fn real_packs_load() {
-        let Some(dir) = std::env::var_os("HORIZON_TEST_SHADERPACKS") else {
-            return;
-        };
-        let mut entries: Vec<_> = std::fs::read_dir(dir)
-            .unwrap()
-            .flatten()
-            .map(|e| e.path())
-            .filter(|p| is_java_pack(p))
-            .collect();
-        entries.sort();
-        let mut failures = Vec::new();
-        for path in entries {
-            let name = path.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-            match load(&path, &BTreeMap::new(), "Apple", "Apple M4 Pro") {
-                Ok(pack) if let Some(e) = reparse_error(&pack) => {
-                    println!("{name}: {e}");
-                    failures.push(name);
-                }
-                Ok(pack) => {
-                    let folders: Vec<String> = pack
-                        .folders
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|f| {
-                            let n = f.passes.len() + usize::from(f.final_pass.is_some());
-                            let geometry: Vec<&str> = f
-                                .terrain
-                                .iter()
-                                .chain(&f.water)
-                                .chain(&f.shadow)
-                                .chain(&f.shadow_water)
-                                .map(|g| g.program.pass.program.as_str())
-                                .collect();
-                            format!("{} {n} passes, terrain {geometry:?}", f.folder)
-                        })
-                        .collect();
-                    println!("{name}: loads ({})", folders.join(", "));
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    println!("{name}: {e}");
-                    failures.push(name);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        assert!(failures.is_empty(), "{failures:?}");
-    }
-}