Release Cosmopolitan v3.5.6

Rather than using the the rollo global to pick addresses, we select them
randomly now using a conservative vaspace.

.clang-format

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ AlignConsecutiveMacros: true
 AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
 AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
 KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
 ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
 IncludeBlocks: Merge

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Run this command to always ignore formatting commits in git blame
+# git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# Upgraded clang-format to 19.0.0git
+89fc95fefd40413706ff1bdaac2e8d98b328dbf1
+# vim c++ filetype in modelines
+04c6bc478e082263d67c41bedbd033dde2d429eb
+# Ran clang-format
+f032b5570b4cd87c6bb4abb54c0b98e69c939955
+# Applied clang-format update to repo
+6e6fc38935054db0534d5af4fb99c6193305b946
+# revert retabbing
+2b315626f3af765cdfbc61114647412cdb798b3a
+# more modeline errata
+3a8e01a77a7c97af0b16fb1651b230cee7f7d4c6
+# fix more vi modelines
+2fc507c98f53a76718f61f9a36602f86b5ac0cc9
+# flip et/noet in modelines
+e16a7d8f3b8f906c3ef76e79f57f3adfc7f25186
+# fix vi modelines
+394d998315f613a888cc6b6c051d4163bdf5cd6f
+# clang-format
+c0eacf2eb1e1c0b3bd4f71f12fef258f5b249c3f
+# ape-m1 formatting cleanup
+da8baf2aa5ce93b958aca90a0ae69f537806324b
+# Run clang-format on most sources
+369f9740de4534c28d0e81ab2afc99decbb9a3e6
+# Get rid of .internal.h convention in LIBC_INTRIN
+86d884cce24d773e298a2714c1e3d91ecab9be45

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/01-bug-low.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Low Severity Bugs
+description: Used to report low severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. cosmetic issues, non critical UI glitches)
+title: "Bug: "
+labels: ["bug", "low severity"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
+        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
+        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
+        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
+        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
+        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
+  - type: input
+    id: contact
+    attributes:
+      label: Contact Details
+      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
+      placeholder: ex. [email protected]
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes:
+      label: What happened?
+      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
+      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
+      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: operating-system
+    attributes:
+      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - Mac
+        - Windows
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenBSD
+        - NetBSD
+        - BIOS
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant log output
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
+      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/02-bug-medium.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Medium Severity Bug
+description: Used to report medium severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Malfunctioning Features but generally still useable)
+title: "Bug: "
+labels: ["bug", "medium severity"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
+        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
+        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
+        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
+        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
+        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
+  - type: input
+    id: contact
+    attributes:
+      label: Contact Details
+      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
+      placeholder: ex. [email protected]
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes:
+      label: What happened?
+      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
+      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
+      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: operating-system
+    attributes:
+      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - Mac
+        - Windows
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenBSD
+        - NetBSD
+        - BIOS
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant log output
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
+      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/03-bug-high.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: High Severity Bug
+description: Used to report high severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Malfunctioning features hindering important common workflow)
+title: "Bug: "
+labels: ["bug", "high severity"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
+        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
+        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
+        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
+        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
+        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
+  - type: input
+    id: contact
+    attributes:
+      label: Contact Details
+      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
+      placeholder: ex. [email protected]
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes:
+      label: What happened?
+      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
+      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
+      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: operating-system
+    attributes:
+      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - Mac
+        - Windows
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenBSD
+        - NetBSD
+        - BIOS
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant log output
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
+      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/04-bug-critical.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Critical Severity Bug
+description: Used to report critical severity bugs in cosmopolitan (e.g. Crashing, Corrupted, Dataloss)
+title: "Bug: "
+labels: ["bug", "critical severity"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report! 
+        Please include information about your system, the steps to reproduce the bug, 
+        and the version of cosmopolitan that you are using. 
+        If possible, please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug.
+        You may also consider using function call tracing `--ftrace` or the lighter system call tracing `--strace`
+        for additional technical logging that may allow us to narrow down where the fault occurred.
+  - type: input
+    id: contact
+    attributes:
+      label: Contact Details
+      description: How can we get in touch with you if we need more info?
+      placeholder: ex. [email protected]
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: what-happened
+    attributes:
+      label: What happened?
+      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
+      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Version
+      description: What version of our software are you running? (use `--version` to get a version string)
+      placeholder: "cosmocc (GCC) 12.3.0"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: operating-system
+    attributes:
+      label: What operating system are you seeing the problem on?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - Mac
+        - Windows
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenBSD
+        - NetBSD
+        - BIOS
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant log output
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
+      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/05-enhancement.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Enhancement template
+description: Used to request enhancements for cosmopolitan
+title: "Feature Request: "
+labels: ["enhancement"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        [Please post your idea first in Discussion if there is not yet a consensus for this enhancement request. This will help to keep this issue tracker focused on enhancements that the community has agreed needs to be implemented.](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/ideas)
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: prerequisites
+    attributes:
+      label: Prerequisites
+      description: Please confirm the following before submitting your enhancement request.
+      options:
+        - label: I am running the latest code. Mention the version if possible as well.
+          required: true
+        - label: I carefully followed the [README.md](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/blob/master/README.md).
+          required: true
+        - label: I searched using keywords relevant to my issue to make sure that I am creating a new issue that is not already open (or closed).
+          required: true
+        - label: I reviewed the [Discussions](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions), and have a new and useful enhancement to share.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: feature-description
+    attributes:
+      label: Feature Description
+      description: Please provide a detailed written description of what you were trying to do, and what you expected `cosmopolitan` to do as an enhancement.
+      placeholder: Detailed description of the enhancement
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: motivation
+    attributes:
+      label: Motivation
+      description: Please provide a detailed written description of reasons why this feature is necessary and how it is useful to `cosmopolitan` users.
+      placeholder: Explanation of why this feature is needed and its benefits
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: possible-implementation
+    attributes:
+      label: Possible Implementation
+      description: If you have an idea as to how it can be implemented, please write a detailed description. Feel free to give links to external sources or share visuals that might be helpful to understand the details better.
+      placeholder: Detailed description of potential implementation
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/06-research.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: Research
+description: Track new technical research area
+title: "Research: "
+labels: ["research"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Don't forget to check for any [duplicate research issue tickets](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22research+%F0%9F%94%AC%22)
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: research-stage
+    attributes:
+      label: Research Stage
+      description: Track general state of this research ticket
+      options:
+        - label: Background Research (Let's try to avoid reinventing the wheel)
+        - label: Hypothesis Formed (How do you think this will work and it's effect?)
+        - label: Strategy / Implementation Forming
+        - label: Analysis of results
+        - label: Debrief / Documentation (So people in the future can learn from us)
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: background
+    attributes:
+      label: Previous existing literature and research
+      description: Whats the current state of the art and whats the motivation for this research?
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: hypothesis
+    attributes:
+      label: Hypothesis
+      description: How do you think this will work and it's effect?
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: implementation
+    attributes:
+      label: Implementation
+      description: Got an approach? e.g. a PR ready to go?
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: analysis
+    attributes:
+      label: Analysis
+      description: How does the proposed implementation behave?
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant log output
+      description: Please copy and paste any relevant log output. This will be automatically formatted into code, so no need for backticks.
+      render: shell

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/07-refactor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Refactor (Maintainers)
+description: Used to track refactoring opportunities
+title: "Refactor: "
+labels: ["refactor"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Don't forget to [check for existing refactor issue tickets](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Arefactoring) in case it's already covered.
+        Also you may want to check [Pull request refactor label as well](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3Arefactoring) for duplicates too.
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: background-description
+    attributes:
+      label: Background Description
+      description: Please provide a detailed written description of the pain points you are trying to solve.
+      placeholder: Detailed description behind your motivation to request refactor
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: possible-approaches
+    attributes:
+      label: Possible Refactor Approaches
+      description: If you have some idea of possible approaches to solve this problem. You may want to make it a todo list.
+      placeholder: Your idea of possible refactoring opportunity/approaches
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: true
+contact_links:
+  - name: FAQ
+    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/wiki/FAQ
+    about: Is your question a common one? You may want to check here first.
+  - name: Got an idea?
+    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/ideas
+    about: Pop it there. It may then become an enhancement ticket.
+  - name: Got a question?
+    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/discussions/categories/q-a
+    about: Ask a question there!
+  - name: Want to contribute?
+    url: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/wiki/contribute
+    about: Head to the contribution guide page of the wiki for areas you can help with
+

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# https://github.com/actions/labeler
+
+documentation:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - README.md
+            - LICENSE
+            - CONTRIBUTING.md
+            - libc/README.md
+            - tool/cosmocc/README.md
+            - third_party/getopt/README.txt
+build:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - build/**
+            - Makefile
+            - '*/*.mk'
+examples:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file: examples/**
+devops:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - .github/**
+            - .clang-format
+dsp:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - dsp/**
+ape:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - ape/**
+libc:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - libc/**
+net:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - net/**
+third_party:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - third_party/**
+tool:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - tool/**

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: "Pull Request Labeler"
+on:
+- pull_request_target
+
+jobs:
+  labeler:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: "jart/cosmopolitan"
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v5
+      with:
+        configuration-path: '.github/labeler.yml'

.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # -*- conf -*-
 
 /o
-/.prompt.jtlp
+/cosmocc
+/.cosmocc
 
 # TODO: Find some way to have Python write to o/
 __pycache__

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-{
-	"configurations": [
-		{
-			"name": "Win32",
-			"includePath": [
-				"${workspaceFolder}"
-			],
-			"cStandard": "c11",
-			"cppStandard": "c++11",
-			"forcedInclude": ["${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/vscode.h"],
-			"defines": [
-				"libcesque=",
-				"pureconst=",
-				"paramsnonnull(x)=",
-				"alignas(x)",
-				"alignof(x)",
-				"artificial=",
-				"__wur=",
-				"mayalias=",
-				"forceinline=",
-				"forcealign(x)=",
-				"scanfesque(x)=",
-				"strftimeesque(x)=",
-				"wontreturn=",
-				"textreal=",
-				"mallocesque=",
-				"callocesque=",
-				"vallocesque=",
-				"reallocesque=",
-				"strlenesque=",
-				"memcpyesque=",
-				"hasatleast=",
-				"noinline=",
-				"textexit=",
-				"returnstwice=",
-				"textwindows=",
-				"privileged=",
-				"dontinstrument=",
-				"nodebuginfo=",
-				"interruptfn=",
-				"optimizespeed=",
-				"forcealignargpointer=",
-				"dontasan=",
-				"dontubsan=",
-				"donothing=",
-				"nosideeffect=",
-				"unreachable=",,
-				"notpossible=",
-				"thatispacked=",
-				"dontthrow=",
-				"nocallback=",
-				"relegated=",
-				"hidden=",
-				"textstartup=",
-				"initarray=",
-				"returnsnonnull=",
-				"returnspointerwithnoaliases=",
-				"printfesque(x)=",
-				"attributeallocsize(x)=",
-				"returnsaligned(x)=",
-				"attributeallocalign(x)=",
-				"nullterminated(x)="
-			]
-		},
-		{
-			"name": "Linux",
-			"includePath": [
-				"${workspaceFolder}"
-			],
-			"cStandard": "gnu17",
-			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
-			"compilerArgs": [
-				"-Wall",
-				"-Werror",
-				"-fdebug-prefix-map=${workspaceFolder}=",
-				"-frecord-gcc-switches",
-				"-Wa,-W",
-				"-Wa,-I.",
-				"-Wa,--noexecstack",
-				"-Og",
-				"-g",
-				"-gdescribe-dies",
-				"-msse3",
-				"-mno-red-zone",
-				"-fno-math-errno",
-				"-fno-trapping-math",
-				"-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact",
-				"-fno-ident",
-				"-fno-common",
-				"-fno-gnu-unique",
-				"-fstrict-aliasing",
-				"-fstrict-overflow",
-				"-fno-semantic-interposition",
-				"-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer",
-				"-fno-jump-tables",
-				"-nostdinc",
-				"-iquote."
-			],
-			"forcedInclude": [
-				"libc/integral/normalize.inc"
-			],
-			"defines": [
-				"COSMO",
-				"MODE="
-			]
-		}
-	],
-	"version": 4
-}

.vscode/vscode.h

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
-#include "libc/integral/normalize.inc"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,23 +2,77 @@
 
 We'd love to accept your patches! Please read this guide first.
 
+## Identity Disclosure
+
+This project does not accept anonymous contributions. Justine Tunney
+won't merge pull requests from strangers. In order to change the Cosmo
+codebase, and have your changes be upstreamed, she has to know who you
+are. You're encouraged to disclose your full name and email address to
+the public too, by including them in your git commit messages; however
+that's not a requirement; as we're happy to respect the wishes of
+contributors who prefer to remain anonymous to the public.
+
 ## Copyright Assignment
 
-Please send an email to Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that
-you intend to assign her the copyright to the changes you contribute to
-Cosmopolitan. Please use the same email address you use for git commits
-which should only contain original source code from you or other people
-who are also assigning copyright. Please note that, if you're employed,
-you may need to get your employer's approval beforehand. If you can not
-assign copyright due to local laws, then you may alternatively consider
-disclaiming it using the language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org)
-or [CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0)
+The first time you send a pull request, you need to send an email to
+Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that you intend to assign her
+the copyright to the changes you contribute to Cosmopolitan. It only
+needs to happen once. This only applies to the code you *choose* to
+contribute. The email should be sent from an email address associated
+with your identity. Your email should link to your pull request.
 
-This is important because we can't produce 12kb single-file executables
-that comply with license requirements if we have to embed lots of them.
-Although that's less of an issue depending on the purpose of the files.
-For example, ownership is much less of a concern in the unit test files
-so you're encouraged to put your copyright on those, provided it's ISC.
+To make things easy, here's an example of a good email you can use:
+
+> **From**: YOUR NAME ([email protected])  
+> **To**: Justine Tunney ([email protected])  
+> **Subject**: Cosmopolitan Copyright Assignment for YOUR NAME
+>
+> Hi Justine,
+>
+> I made my first contribution to Cosmopolitan in
+> https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/pull/XXXX could you please take a
+> look? I intend to assign you the copyright to the changes I contribute
+> to Cosmopolitan.
+>
+> Thanks!
+
+Please note that in order to give Justine the copyright, it has to be
+yours to give in the first place. If you're employed, then you should
+get your employer's approval to do this beforehand. Even with big
+companies like Google, this process is quick and painless. Usually we
+see employers granting authorization in less than one day.
+
+If you live in a country that doesn't recognize one's ability to assign
+copyright, then you may alternatively consider disclaiming it using the
+language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org) or
+[CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0).
+
+If you're checking-in third party code, then you need to have headers at
+the top of each source file (but never header files) documenting its
+owners and the code should go in the `third_party/` folder. Every third
+party project should have a `README.cosmo` file that documents its
+provenance as well as any local changes you've made.
+
+## Copyright Policy Exceptions
+
+### Tests
+
+You're encoraged to claim ownership of your test code. If you add a new
+file under the `test/` directory, then you should put your name in the
+ISC license header at the top of the file. If you add new test cases to
+an existing unit test file, then you're encouraged to append a line with
+your name to the existing copyright header of that file.
+
+### Exceptional Features
+
+Let's say you discovered a faster better way to implement `log10()` and
+you want to give it to Cosmopolitan. In cases like this, it really isn't
+appropriate for Justine to own your code. What you could do instead, is
+write your own new and improved `log10.c` from scratch, put your name on
+the top with the ISC license, and then add a `__notice()` directive so
+that your name will be embedded inside every executable that links the
+`log10()` function. This will help you get your name out there. Please
+note you need get approval from Justine each time you want to do this.
 
 ## Style Guide
 
@@ -29,34 +83,4 @@ clang-format -i -style=file tool/net/redbean.c
 ```
 
 If you use Emacs this can be automated on save for Cosmopolitan using
-[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]([tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]).
-
-### Source Files
-
-- Must use include paths relative to the root of the repository
-- Must have comment at top of file documenting copyright and license
-- Must have notice embedding if not owned by Justine (exception: tests)
-- May use language extensions that are supported by both GCC and Clang
-- Should use Google indentation (otherwise use `/* clang-format off */`)
-- Should use asm() instead of compiler APIs (exception: ctz, clz, memcpy)
-
-### Header Files
-
-- Must not have copyright or license comments
-- Must have once guards (otherwise change `.h` to `.inc`)
-- Must be ANSI C89 compatible to be included in the amalgamation header
-- Must include its dependencies (exception: libc/integral/normalize.inc)
-- Must not define objects (i.e. `cc -c -xc foo.h` will produce empty `.o`)
-- Should not use typedefs
-- Should not use forward declarations
-- Should not include documentation comments
-- Should not include parameter names in prototypes
-- Should not pose problems if included by C++ or Assembly sources
-- Should not declare non-ANSI code, at all, when the user requests ANSI
-
-### Build Config
-
-- Must not write files outside `o/`
-- Must not communicate with Internet
-- Must not depend on system libraries
-- Must not depend on system commands (exception: sh, make, gzip, zip)
+[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el](tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el).

Makefile

@@ -21,23 +21,23 @@
 #   make -j8 -O MODE=tiny
 #
 #   # build individual target
-#   make -j8 -O o//examples/hello.com
-#   o//examples/hello.com
+#   make -j8 -O o//examples/hello
+#   o//examples/hello
 #
 #   # view source
 #   less examples/hello.c
 #
 #   # view binary
-#   o//tool/viz/bing.com o//examples/hello.com |
-#     o//tool/viz/fold.com
+#   o//tool/viz/bing o//examples/hello |
+#     o//tool/viz/fold
 #
 #   # view transitive closure of legalese
-#   o//tool/viz/bing.com -n o//examples/hello.com |
-#     o//tool/viz/fold.com
+#   o//tool/viz/bing -n o//examples/hello |
+#     o//tool/viz/fold
 #
 #   # basic debugging
-#   make -j8 -O MODE=dbg o/dbg/examples/crashreport.com
-#   o/examples/crashreport.com
+#   make -j8 -O MODE=dbg o/dbg/examples/crashreport
+#   o/examples/crashreport
 #   less examples/crashreport.c
 #
 #   # extremely tiny binaries
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 #
 # TROUBLESHOOTING
 #
-#   make -j8 -O V=1 o//examples/hello.com
+#   make -j8 -O V=1 o//examples/hello
 #   make o//examples/life.elf -pn |& less
 #   etc.
 #
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 #
 #   build/config.mk
 
-SHELL      = build/bootstrap/cocmd.com
+SHELL      = build/bootstrap/cocmd
 MAKEFLAGS += --no-builtin-rules
 
 .SUFFIXES:
@@ -73,10 +73,13 @@ MODE := $(m)
 endif
 endif
 
+COMMA := ,
+PWD := $(shell pwd)
+
 # detect wsl2 running cosmopolitan binaries on the host by checking whether:
-# - user ran build/bootstrap/make.com, in which case make's working directory is in wsl
-# - user ran make, in which case cocmd.com's working directory is in wsl
-ifneq ($(findstring //wsl.localhost/,$(CURDIR) $(shell pwd)),)
+# - user ran build/bootstrap/make, in which case make's working directory is in wsl
+# - user ran make, in which case cocmd's working directory is in wsl
+ifneq ($(findstring //wsl.localhost/,$(CURDIR) $(PWD)),)
 $(warning wsl2 interop is enabled)
 $(error you need to run sudo sh -c 'echo -1 > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/WSLInterop')
 endif
@@ -86,17 +89,35 @@ UNAME_S := $(shell uname -s)
 
 # apple still distributes a 17 year old version of gnu make
 ifeq ($(MAKE_VERSION), 3.81)
-$(error please use build/bootstrap/make.com)
+$(error please use build/bootstrap/make)
 endif
 
-# provide instructions to non-linux users on unbundling gcc
-ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),)                                                # if TOOLCHAIN isn't defined
-ifeq ("$(wildcard o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-cosmo-*)","")  # if our gcc isn't unbundled
-ifneq ($(UNAME_M)-$(UNAME_S), x86_64-Linux)                         # if this is not amd64 linux
-$(error please run tool/cosmocc/fetch.sh)
-endif
-endif
-endif
+LC_ALL = C
+SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH = 0
+
+ARFLAGS = rcsD
+ZFLAGS ?=
+XARGS ?= xargs -P4 -rs8000
+DOT ?= dot
+CLANG = clang
+TMPDIR = o/tmp
+AR = build/bootstrap/ar
+CP = build/bootstrap/cp
+RM = build/bootstrap/rm -f
+GZIP = build/bootstrap/gzip
+ECHO = build/bootstrap/echo
+CHMOD = build/bootstrap/chmod
+TOUCH = build/bootstrap/touch
+PKG = build/bootstrap/package
+MKDEPS = build/bootstrap/mkdeps
+ZIPOBJ = build/bootstrap/zipobj
+ZIPCOPY = build/bootstrap/zipcopy
+PECHECK = build/bootstrap/pecheck
+FIXUPOBJ = build/bootstrap/fixupobj
+MKDIR = build/bootstrap/mkdir -p
+COMPILE = build/bootstrap/compile -V9 -M2048m -P8192 $(QUOTA)
+
+IGNORE := $(shell $(MKDIR) $(TMPDIR))
 
 # the default build modes is empty string
 # on x86_64 hosts, MODE= is the same as MODE=x86_64
@@ -110,11 +131,50 @@ MODE := aarch64
 endif
 endif
 
+ifneq ($(findstring aarch64,$(MODE)),)
+ARCH = aarch64
+HOSTS ?= pi studio freebsdarm
+else
+ARCH = x86_64
+HOSTS ?= freebsd rhel7 xnu openbsd netbsd win10
+endif
+
+ZIPOBJ_FLAGS += -a$(ARCH)
+IGNORE := $(shell $(MKDIR) $(TMPDIR))
+
+export ADDR2LINE
+export LC_ALL
+export MKDIR
+export MODE
+export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
+export TMPDIR
+
+COSMOCC = .cosmocc/3.3.5
+TOOLCHAIN = $(COSMOCC)/bin/$(ARCH)-linux-cosmo-
+DOWNLOAD := $(shell build/download-cosmocc.sh $(COSMOCC) 3.3.5 db78fd8d3f8706e9dff4be72bf71d37a3f12062f212f407e1c33bc4af3780dd0)
+
+AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)as
+CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
+CXX = $(TOOLCHAIN)g++
+CXXFILT = $(TOOLCHAIN)c++filt
+LD = $(TOOLCHAIN)ld.bfd
+NM = $(TOOLCHAIN)nm
+GCC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
+STRIP = $(TOOLCHAIN)strip
+OBJCOPY = $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy
+OBJDUMP = $(TOOLCHAIN)objdump
+ifneq ($(wildcard $(PWD)/$(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line),)
+ADDR2LINE = $(PWD)/$(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line
+else
+ADDR2LINE = $(TOOLCHAIN)addr2line
+endif
+
 # primary build rules
 all:	o
 o:	o/$(MODE)
 o/$(MODE):			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape		\
+	o/$(MODE)/ctl		\
 	o/$(MODE)/dsp		\
 	o/$(MODE)/net		\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc		\
@@ -128,7 +188,7 @@ o/$(MODE):			\
 o/$(MODE)/: o/$(MODE)
 o/$(MODE)/.: o/$(MODE)
 
-# check if we're using o//third_party/make/make.com
+# check if we're using o//third_party/make/make
 # we added sandboxing to guarantee cosmo's makefile is hermetic
 # it also shaves away 200ms of startup latency with native $(uniq)
 ifneq ($(LANDLOCKMAKE_VERSION),)
@@ -138,7 +198,7 @@ $(warning please run ape/apeinstall.sh if you intend to use landlock make)
 $(shell sleep .5)
 endif
 endif
-ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_TOOLCHAIN),)
+ifneq ($(TOOLCHAIN),)
 .STRICT = 1
 endif
 endif
@@ -147,10 +207,9 @@ endif
 .UNVEIL +=					\
 	libc/integral				\
 	libc/stdbool.h				\
-	libc/disclaimer.inc			\
 	rwc:/dev/shm				\
+	rx:.cosmocc				\
 	rx:build/bootstrap			\
-	rx:o/third_party/gcc			\
 	r:build/portcosmo.h			\
 	/proc/stat				\
 	rw:/dev/null				\
@@ -189,7 +248,6 @@ include libc/calls/BUILD.mk			#─┐
 include libc/irq/BUILD.mk			# ├──SYSTEMS RUNTIME
 include third_party/nsync/BUILD.mk		# │  You can issue system calls
 include libc/runtime/BUILD.mk			# │
-include third_party/double-conversion/BUILD.mk	# │
 include libc/crt/BUILD.mk			# │
 include third_party/dlmalloc/BUILD.mk		#─┘
 include libc/mem/BUILD.mk			#─┐
@@ -201,7 +259,7 @@ include libc/thread/BUILD.mk			# │  You can finally call malloc()
 include third_party/zlib/BUILD.mk		# │
 include libc/stdio/BUILD.mk			# │
 include tool/hello/BUILD.mk			# │
-include libc/time/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/tz/BUILD.mk			# │
 include net/BUILD.mk				# │
 include third_party/vqsort/BUILD.mk		# │
 include libc/log/BUILD.mk			# │
@@ -224,7 +282,12 @@ include third_party/stb/BUILD.mk		# │
 include third_party/mbedtls/BUILD.mk		# │
 include third_party/ncurses/BUILD.mk		# │
 include third_party/readline/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/libunwind/BUILD.mk		# |
+include third_party/libcxxabi/BUILD.mk		# |
+include third_party/double-conversion/BUILD.mk	# │
+include ctl/BUILD.mk				# │
 include third_party/libcxx/BUILD.mk		# │
+include third_party/openmp/BUILD.mk		# │
 include third_party/pcre/BUILD.mk		# │
 include third_party/less/BUILD.mk		# │
 include net/https/BUILD.mk			# │
@@ -236,7 +299,10 @@ include third_party/nsync/testing/BUILD.mk
 include libc/testlib/BUILD.mk
 include tool/viz/lib/BUILD.mk
 include tool/args/BUILD.mk
+include test/math/BUILD.mk
 include test/posix/BUILD.mk
+include test/ctl/BUILD.mk
+include test/libcxx/BUILD.mk
 include test/tool/args/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/linenoise/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/maxmind/BUILD.mk
@@ -256,7 +322,6 @@ include third_party/argon2/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/smallz4/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/sqlite3/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/mbedtls/test/BUILD.mk
-include third_party/quickjs/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/lz4cli/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/zip/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/xxhash/BUILD.mk
@@ -268,6 +333,7 @@ include third_party/python/BUILD.mk
 include tool/build/BUILD.mk
 include tool/curl/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/qemu/BUILD.mk
+include third_party/libcxxabi/test/BUILD.mk
 include examples/BUILD.mk
 include examples/pyapp/BUILD.mk
 include examples/pylife/BUILD.mk
@@ -299,7 +365,6 @@ include test/libc/fmt/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/time/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/proc/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/stdio/BUILD.mk
-include test/libc/release/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/BUILD.mk
 include test/net/http/BUILD.mk
 include test/net/https/BUILD.mk
@@ -352,17 +417,17 @@ o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
 
 TAGS: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt $(SRCS) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com
+TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt $(SRCS) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags
 	@$(RM) $@
-	@o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com $(TAGSFLAGS) -L $< -o $@
+	@o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags $(TAGSFLAGS) -L $< -o $@
 
 HTAGS: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-HTAGS:	o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt $(filter-out third_party/libcxx/%,$(HDRS)) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com
+HTAGS:	o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt $(filter-out third_party/libcxx/%,$(HDRS)) #o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags
 	@$(RM) $@
-	@build/htags o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags.com -L $< -o $@
+	@build/htags o/$(MODE)/third_party/ctags/ctags -L $< -o $@
 
 loc: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
-loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy.com
+loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy
 	find -name \*.h -or -name \*.c -or -name \*.S | \
 	$(XARGS) wc -l | grep total | awk '{print $$1}' | $<
 
@@ -377,15 +442,19 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =			\
 	LIBC_X				\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
 	LIBC_LOG			\
-	LIBC_TIME			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_TZ			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_OPENMP		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBUNWIND		\
 	LIBC_STDIO			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX		\
 	LIBC_THREAD			\
 	LIBC_PROC			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MEM		\
+	CTL				\
 	LIBC_MEM			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC		\
 	LIBC_DLOPEN			\
@@ -414,6 +483,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =			\
 	LIBC_STR			\
 	LIBC_SYSV			\
 	LIBC_INTRIN			\
+	LIBC_NT_BCRYPTPRIMITIVES	\
 	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32		\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E
 
@@ -438,7 +508,6 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
 	LIBC_STR			\
 	LIBC_SYSV			\
 	LIBC_THREAD			\
-	LIBC_TIME			\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH			\
 	LIBC_X				\
 	LIBC_VGA			\
@@ -449,12 +518,17 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX
 
 COSMOCC_PKGS =				\
 	$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS)		\
+	CTL				\
 	THIRD_PARTY_AARCH64		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXX		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBUNWIND		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_OPENMP		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_INTEL
 
 o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a:		\
@@ -472,26 +546,14 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_ROOT_HDRS =						\
 	libc/integral/normalize.inc					\
 	$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
 
-o/cosmopolitan.h.txt: Makefile
-	$(file >$@, $(call uniq,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_ROOT_HDRS)))
-
-o/cosmopolitan.h: o/cosmopolitan.h.txt					\
-		$(wildcard libc/integral/*)				\
-		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))	\
-		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
-	@$(ECHO) '#ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__' >$@
-	@$(ECHO) '#define _COSMO_SOURCE' >>$@
-	@$(ECHO) '#endif' >>$@
-	@$(COMPILE) -AROLLUP -T$@ build/bootstrap/rollup.com @$< >>$@
-
 o/cosmopolitan.html: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
 o/cosmopolitan.html:							\
-		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg		\
+		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.dbg		\
 		$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS)))	\
-		$(SRCS)							\
+		$(filter-out %.cpp,$(filter-out %.cc,$(SRCS)))				\
 		$(HDRS)
-	$(file >$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@),$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS))))
-	o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg -J		\
+	$(file >$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@),$(filter-out %.cpp,$(filter-out %.cc,$(filter-out %.s,$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS),$($(x)_SRCS))))))
+	o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.dbg -J		\
 		-fno-common -include libc/integral/normalize.inc -o $@	\
 		-DCOSMO @$(TMPDIR)/$(subst /,_,$@)
 
@@ -505,7 +567,6 @@ $(SRCS):					\
 
 ifeq ($(ARCH), x86_64)
 TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
-	o/cosmopolitan.h			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc/crt/crt.o		\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
@@ -514,13 +575,13 @@ TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o	\
 	o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a		\
 	o/$(MODE)/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/ar.com		\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/mktemper.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/apelink.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/pecheck.com
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native	\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/ar			\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/mktemper		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/apelink		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/pecheck
 else
 TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
@@ -528,9 +589,9 @@ TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc/crt/crt.o		\
 	o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a		\
 	o/$(MODE)/third_party/libcxx/libcxx.a	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj.com	\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy.com
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/march-native	\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/fixupobj		\
+	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/zipcopy
 endif
 
 .PHONY: toolchain

README.md

@@ -76,18 +76,7 @@ make install
 ## Cosmopolitan Source Builds
 
 Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any of our supported
-platforms. First, you need to download or clone the repository. If
-you're not using x86-64 Linux then you'll need cosmocc too.
-
-```sh
-git clone https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan cosmo
-cd cosmo
-mkdir -p o/third_party/gcc
-pushd o/third_party/gcc
-wget https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmocc/cosmocc.zip
-unzip cosmocc.zip
-popd
-```
+platforms. The Makefile will download cosmocc automatically.
 
 It's recommended that you install a systemwide APE Loader. This command
 requires `sudo` access to copy the `ape` command to a system folder and
@@ -103,8 +92,8 @@ guaranteed to be compatible and furthermore includes our extensions for
 doing build system sandboxing.
 
 ```sh
-o//third_party/gcc/bin/make -j8
-o//examples/hello.com
+build/bootstrap/make -j8
+o//examples/hello
 ```
 
 Since the Cosmopolitan repository is very large, you might only want to
@@ -114,8 +103,8 @@ depends on core LIBC packages.
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf o//libc o//test
-o//third_party/gcc/bin/make o//test/posix/signal_test.com
-o//test/posix/signal_test.com
+build/bootstrap/make o//test/posix/signal_test
+o//test/posix/signal_test
 ```
 
 Sometimes it's desirable to build a subset of targets, without having to
@@ -123,21 +112,21 @@ list out each individual one. For example if you wanted to build and run
 all the unit tests in the `TEST_POSIX` package, you could say:
 
 ```sh
-o//third_party/gcc/bin/make o//test/posix
+build/bootstrap/make o//test/posix
 ```
 
 Cosmopolitan provides a variety of build modes. For example, if you want
 really tiny binaries (as small as 12kb in size) then you'd say:
 
 ```sh
-o//third_party/gcc/bin/make m=tiny
+build/bootstrap/make m=tiny
 ```
 
 You can furthermore cut out the bloat of other operating systems, and
 have Cosmopolitan become much more similar to Musl Libc.
 
 ```sh
-o//third_party/gcc/bin/make m=tinylinux
+build/bootstrap/make m=tinylinux
 ```
 
 For further details, see [//build/config.mk](build/config.mk).
@@ -190,11 +179,11 @@ end
 src
 ```
 
-You normally run the `.com.dbg` file under gdb. If you need to debug the
-`.com` file itself, then you can load the debug symbols independently as
+You normally run the `.dbg` file under gdb. If you need to debug the
+`` file itself, then you can load the debug symbols independently as
 
 ```sh
-gdb foo.com -ex 'add-symbol-file foo.com.dbg 0x401000'
+gdb foo -ex 'add-symbol-file foo.dbg 0x401000'
 ```
 
 ## Platform Notes
@@ -253,16 +242,16 @@ server. You're welcome to join us! <https://discord.gg/FwAVVu7eJ4>
 
 ## Support Vector
 
-| Platform        | Min Version | Circa |
-| :---            | ---:        | ---:  |
-| AMD             | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
-| Intel           | Core        | 2006  |
-| Linux           | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
-| Windows         | 8 [1]       | 2012  |
-| Mac OS X        | 15.6        | 2018  |
-| OpenBSD         | 7           | 2021  |
-| FreeBSD         | 13          | 2020  |
-| NetBSD          | 9.2         | 2021  |
+| Platform       | Min Version | Circa |
+| :---           | ---:        | ---:  |
+| AMD            | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
+| Intel          | Core        | 2006  |
+| Linux          | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
+| Windows        | 8 [1]       | 2012  |
+| Darwin (macOS) | 23.1.0+     | 2023  |
+| OpenBSD        | 7           | 2021  |
+| FreeBSD        | 13          | 2020  |
+| NetBSD         | 9.2         | 2021  |
 
 [1] See our [vista branch](https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/tree/vista)
     for a community supported version of Cosmopolitan that works on Windows

ape/BUILD.mk

@@ -157,13 +157,11 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:		\
 		ape/ape.S			\
 		ape/ape.h			\
 		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		ape/notice.inc			\
 		ape/relocations.h		\
 		ape/ape.internal.h		\
 		libc/dce.h			\
 		libc/elf/def.h			\
 		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		libc/intrin/asancodes.h		\
 		libc/macho.internal.h		\
 		libc/macros.internal.h		\
 		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
@@ -173,8 +171,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:		\
 		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
 		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
 		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
-		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
-		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz	\
 		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
 	@$(COMPILE)				\
 		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
@@ -187,13 +183,11 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:			\
 		ape/ape.S			\
 		ape/ape.h			\
 		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		ape/notice.inc			\
 		ape/relocations.h		\
 		ape/ape.internal.h		\
 		libc/dce.h			\
 		libc/elf/def.h			\
 		libc/thread/tls.h		\
-		libc/intrin/asancodes.h		\
 		libc/macho.internal.h		\
 		libc/macros.internal.h		\
 		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
@@ -202,9 +196,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:			\
 		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
 		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
 		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
-		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
-		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
-		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz
+		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h
 	@$(COMPILE)				\
 		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
 		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
@@ -226,10 +218,10 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
 	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(CLANG) -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=8 -S -g0 $(APE_LOADER_FLAGS)
 
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy.com -f -o $@ $<
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy -f -o $@ $<
 
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy.com -fm -o $@ $<
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJBINCOPY -w build/bootstrap/objbincopy -fm -o $@ $<
 
 APE_LOADER_LDFLAGS =				\
 	-static					\
@@ -260,12 +252,25 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE_CHECKS)			\
 endif
 
 # these assembly files are safe to build on aarch64
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o: ape/ape.S
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
-
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o:				\
-		ape/blink-linux-aarch64.gz	\
-		ape/blink-xnu-aarch64.gz
+		ape/ape.S			\
+		ape/ape.h			\
+		libc/dce.h			\
+		libc/elf/def.h			\
+		ape/relocations.h		\
+		libc/thread/tls.h		\
+		ape/ape.internal.h		\
+		ape/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/macho.internal.h		\
+		libc/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
+		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
+		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
+		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
 
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:				\
 		ape/ape.lds			\

ape/aarch64.lds

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*-*- mode: ld-script; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 2; coding: utf-8   -*-│
 │ vi: set et sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                         :vi │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
 #include "libc/thread/tls.h"
 
 ENTRY(_start)
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-littleaarch64",
 
 SECTIONS {
 
-  . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x010000000000);
+  . = SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x000800000000);
   __executable_start = .;
   . += SIZEOF_HEADERS;
 
@@ -89,10 +90,12 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.ubsan.data)
   }
 
-  .comment : {
-    __comment_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(.comment))
+  .notice : {
+    __notices = .;
+    KEEP(*(.notice))
     BYTE(0);
+    BYTE(10);
+    BYTE(10);
   }
 
   .eh_frame_hdr : {
@@ -157,8 +160,11 @@ SECTIONS {
 
   .init_array : {
     __init_array_start = .;
-    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
-    KEEP(*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
+    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
+    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*)
+           SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
+    KEEP(*(.init_array))
+    KEEP(*(.ctors))
     __init_array_end = .;
   }
 
@@ -280,15 +286,13 @@ SECTIONS {
 
 ape_stack_vaddr = DEFINED(ape_stack_vaddr) ? ape_stack_vaddr : 0x700000000000;
 ape_stack_memsz = DEFINED(ape_stack_memsz) ? ape_stack_memsz : 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-ape_stack_align = DEFINED(ape_stack_align) ? ape_stack_align : 16;
-ape_stack_round = -ape_stack_align;
+ape_stack_prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
 
 _tls_size = _tbss_end - _tdata_start;
 _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tls_align = MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss));
-
-ASSERT(ALIGNOF(.tdata) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT && ALIGNOF(.tbss) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT,
-       "_Thread_local _Alignof can't exceed TLS_ALIGNMENT");
+_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
+_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));

ape/ape-m1.c

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/random.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 /* maximum path size that cosmo can take */
 #define PATHSIZE       (PATH_MAX < 1024 ? PATH_MAX : 1024)
 #define SYSLIB_MAGIC   ('s' | 'l' << 8 | 'i' << 16 | 'b' << 24)
-#define SYSLIB_VERSION 8
+#define SYSLIB_VERSION 10 /* sync with libc/runtime/syslib.internal.h */
 
 struct Syslib {
   int magic;
@@ -96,43 +98,58 @@ struct Syslib {
   long (*sem_trywait)(int *);
   long (*getrlimit)(int, struct rlimit *);
   long (*setrlimit)(int, const struct rlimit *);
-  // v6 (2023-11-03)
+  /* v6 (2023-11-03) */
   void *(*dlopen)(const char *, int);
   void *(*dlsym)(void *, const char *);
   int (*dlclose)(void *);
   char *(*dlerror)(void);
+  /* MANDATORY (cosmo runtime won't load if version < 8)
+     ---------------------------------------------------
+     OPTIONAL (cosmo lib should check __syslib->version) */
+  /* v9 (2024-01-31) */
+  int (*pthread_cpu_number_np)(size_t *);
+  /* v10 (2024-05-02) */
+  long (*sysctl)(int *, u_int, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+  long (*sysctlbyname)(const char *, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+  long (*sysctlnametomib)(const char *, int *, size_t *);
 };
 
-#define ELFCLASS32  1
-#define ELFDATA2LSB 1
-#define EM_AARCH64  183
-#define ET_EXEC     2
-#define ET_DYN      3
-#define PT_LOAD     1
-#define PT_DYNAMIC  2
-#define PT_INTERP   3
-#define EI_CLASS    4
-#define EI_DATA     5
-#define PF_X        1
-#define PF_W        2
-#define PF_R        4
-#define AT_PHDR     3
-#define AT_PHENT    4
-#define AT_PHNUM    5
-#define AT_PAGESZ   6
-#define AT_BASE     7
-#define AT_ENTRY    9
-#define AT_UID      11
-#define AT_EUID     12
-#define AT_GID      13
-#define AT_EGID     14
-#define AT_HWCAP    16
-#define AT_HWCAP2   16
-#define AT_SECURE   23
-#define AT_RANDOM   25
-#define AT_EXECFN   31
+#define ELFCLASS32                  1
+#define ELFDATA2LSB                 1
+#define EM_AARCH64                  183
+#define ET_EXEC                     2
+#define ET_DYN                      3
+#define PT_LOAD                     1
+#define PT_DYNAMIC                  2
+#define PT_INTERP                   3
+#define EI_CLASS                    4
+#define EI_DATA                     5
+#define PF_X                        1
+#define PF_W                        2
+#define PF_R                        4
+#define AT_PHDR                     3
+#define AT_PHENT                    4
+#define AT_PHNUM                    5
+#define AT_PAGESZ                   6
+#define AT_BASE                     7
+#define AT_FLAGS                    8
+#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT 0
+#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0     (1 << AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT)
+#define AT_ENTRY                    9
+#define AT_UID                      11
+#define AT_EUID                     12
+#define AT_GID                      13
+#define AT_EGID                     14
+#define AT_HWCAP                    16
+#define AT_HWCAP2                   16
+#define AT_SECURE                   23
+#define AT_RANDOM                   25
+#define AT_EXECFN                   31
 
-#define AUXV_WORDS 29
+#define EF_APE_MODERN      0x101ca75
+#define EF_APE_MODERN_MASK 0x1ffffff
+
+#define AUXV_WORDS 31
 
 /* from the xnu codebase */
 #define _COMM_PAGE_START_ADDRESS      0x0000000FFFFFC000ul
@@ -140,8 +157,8 @@ struct Syslib {
 #define _COMM_PAGE_APRR_WRITE_ENABLE  (_COMM_PAGE_START_ADDRESS + 0x110)
 #define _COMM_PAGE_APRR_WRITE_DISABLE (_COMM_PAGE_START_ADDRESS + 0x118)
 
-#define MIN(X, Y) ((Y) > (X) ? (X) : (Y))
-#define MAX(X, Y) ((Y) < (X) ? (X) : (Y))
+#define Min(X, Y) ((Y) > (X) ? (X) : (Y))
+#define Max(X, Y) ((Y) < (X) ? (X) : (Y))
 
 #define READ32(S)                                                      \
   ((unsigned)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
@@ -213,13 +230,15 @@ struct ApeLoader {
 
 static unsigned long StrLen(const char *s) {
   unsigned long n = 0;
-  while (*s++) ++n;
+  while (*s++)
+    ++n;
   return n;
 }
 
 static int StrCmp(const char *l, const char *r) {
   unsigned long i = 0;
-  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i]) ++i;
+  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i])
+    ++i;
   return (l[i] & 255) - (r[i] & 255);
 }
 
@@ -268,7 +287,8 @@ static char *Utoa(char p[21], unsigned long x) {
 }
 
 static char *Itoa(char p[21], long x) {
-  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
   return Utoa(p, x);
 }
 
@@ -304,7 +324,8 @@ static int GetIndirectOffset(const char *arg0) {
 static void Perror(const char *thing, long rc, const char *reason) {
   char ibuf[21];
   ibuf[0] = 0;
-  if (rc) Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
+  if (rc)
+    Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
   Print(2, "ape error: ", thing, ": ", reason, rc ? " failed w/ errno " : "",
         ibuf, "\n", 0l);
 }
@@ -319,20 +340,11 @@ static char AccessCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps, unsigned long pathlen) {
   if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) {
     return 0;
   }
-  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/') ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
+  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/')
+    ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
   memmove(ps->path + pathlen, ps->name, ps->namelen);
   ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
-  if (!access(ps->path, X_OK)) {
-    if (ps->indirect) {
-      ps->namelen -= 4;
-      ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
-      if (access(ps->path, X_OK) < 0) {
-        Pexit(ps->path, -errno, "access(X_OK)");
-      }
-    }
-    return 1;
-  }
-  return 0;
+  return !access(ps->path, X_OK);
 }
 
 static char SearchPath(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
@@ -358,12 +370,8 @@ static char FindCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
   ps->path[0] = 0;
 
   /* paths are always 100% taken literally when a slash exists
-       $ ape foo/bar.com arg1 arg2 */
-  if (memchr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen)) {
-    return AccessCommand(ps, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* we don't run files in the current directory
+       $ ape foo/bar.com arg1 arg2
+     we don't run files in the current directory
        $ ape foo.com arg1 arg2
      unless $PATH has an empty string entry, e.g.
        $ expert PATH=":/bin"
@@ -371,8 +379,8 @@ static char FindCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
      however we will execute this
        $ ape - foo.com foo.com arg1 arg2
      because cosmo's execve needs it */
-  if (ps->literally && AccessCommand(ps, 0)) {
-    return 1;
+  if (ps->literally || memchr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen)) {
+    return AccessCommand(ps, 0);
   }
 
   /* otherwise search for name on $PATH */
@@ -382,8 +390,11 @@ static char FindCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
 static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, const char *name,
                       const char *syspath) {
   ps->syspath = syspath ? syspath : "/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin";
-  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name)))) return 0;
-  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
+  ps->name = name;
+  if (!(ps->namelen = ps->indirect ? ps->indirect : StrLen(ps->name)))
+    return 0;
+  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
   if (FindCommand(ps)) {
     return ps->path;
   } else {
@@ -550,6 +561,20 @@ static long sys_pselect(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
   return sysret(pselect(nfds, readfds, writefds, errorfds, timeout, sigmask));
 }
 
+static long sys_sysctl(int *name, u_int namelen, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
+                       void *newp, size_t newlen) {
+  return sysret(sysctl(name, namelen, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen));
+}
+
+static long sys_sysctlbyname(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
+                             void *newp, size_t newlen) {
+  return sysret(sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen));
+}
+
+static long sys_sysctlnametomib(const char *name, int *mibp, size_t *sizep) {
+  return sysret(sysctlnametomib(name, mibp, sizep));
+}
+
 __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
                                                 long *sp, struct ElfEhdr *e,
                                                 struct ElfPhdr *p,
@@ -590,10 +615,11 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
     a = p[i].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
     b = (p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
     for (j = i + 1; j < e->e_phnum; ++j) {
-      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+        continue;
       c = p[j].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
       d = (p[j].p_vaddr + p[j].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
-      if (MAX(a, c) < MIN(b, d)) {
+      if (Max(a, c) < Min(b, d)) {
         Pexit(exe, 0, "ELF segments overlap each others virtual memory");
       }
     }
@@ -619,7 +645,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
   if (e->e_type == ET_DYN) {
     rc = sys_mmap(0, virtmax - virtmin, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                   -1, 0);
-    if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "pie mmap");
+    if (rc < 0)
+      Pexit(exe, rc, "pie mmap");
     dynbase = rc;
     if (dynbase & (pagesz - 1)) {
       Pexit(exe, 0, "OS mmap incongruent w/ AT_PAGESZ");
@@ -635,14 +662,18 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
   for (i = 0; i < e->e_phnum; ++i) {
     void *addr;
     unsigned long size;
-    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      continue;
 
     /* configure mapping */
     prot = 0;
     flags = MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R) prot |= PROT_READ;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W) prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X) prot |= PROT_EXEC;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R)
+      prot |= PROT_READ;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W)
+      prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X)
+      prot |= PROT_EXEC;
 
     /* load from file */
     if (p[i].p_filesz) {
@@ -662,7 +693,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
       a = p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_filesz; /* end of file content */
       b = (a + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz; /* first pure bss page */
       c = p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_memsz;  /* end of segment data */
-      wipe = MIN(b - a, c - a);
+      wipe = Min(b - a, c - a);
       if (wipe && (~prot1 & PROT_WRITE)) {
         prot1 = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
       }
@@ -670,9 +701,9 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_filesz;
       if (prot1 & PROT_EXEC) {
 #ifdef SIP_DISABLED
-        // if sip is disabled then we can load the executable segments
-        // off the binary into memory without needing to copy anything
-        // which provides considerably better performance for building
+        /* if sip is disabled then we can load the executable segments
+           off the binary into memory without needing to copy anything
+           which provides considerably better performance for building */
         rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz);
         if (rc < 0) {
           if (rc == -EPERM) {
@@ -684,32 +715,38 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
           }
         }
 #else
-        // the issue is that if sip is enabled then, attempting to map
-        // it with exec permission will cause xnu to phone home a hash
-        // of the entire file to apple intelligence as a one time cost
-        // which is literally minutes for executables holding big data
-        // since there's no public apple api for detecting sip we read
-        // as the default strategy which is slow but it works for both
+        /* the issue is that if sip is enabled then, attempting to map
+           it with exec permission will cause xnu to phone home a hash
+           of the entire file to apple intelligence as a one time cost
+           which is literally minutes for executables holding big data
+           since there's no public apple api for detecting sip we read
+           as the default strategy which is slow but it works for both */
         rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, (prot1 = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE),
                       MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap anon");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap anon");
         rc = pread(fd, addr, p[i].p_filesz, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz);
-        if (rc != p[i].p_filesz) Pexit(exe, -errno, "prog pread");
+        if (rc != p[i].p_filesz)
+          Pexit(exe, -errno, "prog pread");
 #endif
       } else {
         rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap");
       }
-      if (wipe) memset((void *)(dynbase + a), 0, wipe);
+      if (wipe)
+        memset((void *)(dynbase + a), 0, wipe);
       if (prot2 != prot1) {
         rc = sys_mprotect(addr, size, prot2);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
       }
       /* allocate extra bss */
       if (c > b) {
         flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
         rc = sys_mmap((void *)(dynbase + b), c - b, prot, flags, -1, 0);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
       }
     } else {
       /* allocate pure bss */
@@ -717,7 +754,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_memsz;
       flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
       rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, prot, flags, -1, 0);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "bss mmap");
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(exe, rc, "bss mmap");
     }
   }
 
@@ -764,7 +802,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
 }
 
 static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
-                          const char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
+                          char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
                           char *execfn) {
   long i, rc;
   unsigned size;
@@ -785,6 +823,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
   if (e->e_machine != EM_AARCH64) {
     return "couldn't find ELF header with ARM64 machine type";
   }
+  if ((e->e_flags & EF_APE_MODERN_MASK) != EF_APE_MODERN && sp[0] > 0) {
+    /* change argv[0] to resolved path for older binaries */
+    ((char **)(sp + 1))[0] = exe;
+  }
   if (e->e_phentsize != sizeof(struct ElfPhdr)) {
     Pexit(exe, 0, "e_phentsize is wrong");
   }
@@ -795,8 +837,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
 
   /* read program headers */
   rc = pread(fd, M->phdr.buf, size, ebuf->ehdr.e_phoff);
-  if (rc < 0) return "failed to read ELF program headers";
-  if (rc != size) return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return "failed to read ELF program headers";
+  if (rc != size)
+    return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
 
   /* bail on recoverable program header errors */
   p = &M->phdr.phdr;
@@ -822,12 +866,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
     }
   }
 
-  /*
-   * merge adjacent loads that are contiguous with equal protection,
-   * which prevents our program header overlap check from needlessly
-   * failing later on; it also shaves away a microsecond of latency,
-   * since every program header requires invoking at least 1 syscall
-   */
+  /* merge adjacent loads that are contiguous with equal protection,
+     which prevents our program header overlap check from needlessly
+     failing later on; it also shaves away a microsecond of latency,
+     since every program header requires invoking at least 1 syscall */
   for (i = 0; i + 1 < e->e_phnum;) {
     if (p[i].p_type == PT_LOAD && p[i + 1].p_type == PT_LOAD &&
         ((p[i].p_flags & (PF_R | PF_W | PF_X)) ==
@@ -861,25 +903,27 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
   auxv[7] = ebuf->ehdr.e_entry;
   auxv[8] = AT_PAGESZ;
   auxv[9] = pagesz;
-  auxv[10] = AT_UID;
-  auxv[11] = getuid();
-  auxv[12] = AT_EUID;
-  auxv[13] = geteuid();
-  auxv[14] = AT_GID;
-  auxv[15] = getgid();
-  auxv[16] = AT_EGID;
-  auxv[17] = getegid();
-  auxv[18] = AT_HWCAP;
-  auxv[19] = 0xffb3ffffu;
-  auxv[20] = AT_HWCAP2;
-  auxv[21] = 0x181;
-  auxv[22] = AT_SECURE;
-  auxv[23] = issetugid();
-  auxv[24] = AT_RANDOM;
-  auxv[25] = (long)M->rando;
-  auxv[26] = AT_EXECFN;
-  auxv[27] = (long)execfn;
-  auxv[28] = 0;
+  auxv[10] = AT_FLAGS;
+  auxv[11] = M->ps.literally ? AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0 : 0;
+  auxv[12] = AT_UID;
+  auxv[13] = getuid();
+  auxv[14] = AT_EUID;
+  auxv[15] = geteuid();
+  auxv[16] = AT_GID;
+  auxv[17] = getgid();
+  auxv[18] = AT_EGID;
+  auxv[19] = getegid();
+  auxv[20] = AT_HWCAP;
+  auxv[21] = 0xffb3ffffu;
+  auxv[22] = AT_HWCAP2;
+  auxv[23] = 0x181;
+  auxv[24] = AT_SECURE;
+  auxv[25] = issetugid();
+  auxv[26] = AT_RANDOM;
+  auxv[27] = (long)M->rando;
+  auxv[28] = AT_EXECFN;
+  auxv[29] = (long)execfn;
+  auxv[30] = 0;
 
   /* we're now ready to load */
   Spawn(exe, fd, sp, e, p, &M->lib, M->ps.path);
@@ -891,7 +935,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
   struct ApeLoader *M;
   long *sp, *sp2, *auxv;
   union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf;
-  char *p, *pe, *exe, *prog, *execfn, *shell;
+  char *p, *pe, *exe, *prog, *execfn;
 
   /* allocate loader memory in program's arg block */
   n = sizeof(struct ApeLoader);
@@ -952,14 +996,22 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
   M->lib.dlsym = dlsym;
   M->lib.dlclose = dlclose;
   M->lib.dlerror = dlerror;
+  M->lib.pthread_cpu_number_np = pthread_cpu_number_np;
+  M->lib.sysctl = sys_sysctl;
+  M->lib.sysctlbyname = sys_sysctlbyname;
+  M->lib.sysctlnametomib = sys_sysctlnametomib;
 
   /* getenv("_") is close enough to at_execfn */
-  execfn = argc > 0 ? argv[0] : 0;
+  execfn = 0;
   for (i = 0; envp[i]; ++i) {
     if (envp[i][0] == '_' && envp[i][1] == '=') {
       execfn = envp[i] + 2;
     }
   }
+  prog = GetEnv(envp + i + 1, "executable_path");
+  if (!execfn) {
+    execfn = prog;
+  }
 
   /* sneak the system five abi back out of args */
   sp = (long *)(argv - 1);
@@ -970,7 +1022,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
      grows down the alloc by poking the guard pages */
   n = (auxv - sp + AUXV_WORDS + 1) * sizeof(long);
   sp2 = (long *)__builtin_alloca(n);
-  if ((long)sp2 & 15) ++sp2;
+  if ((long)sp2 & 15)
+    ++sp2;
   for (; n > 0; n -= pagesz) {
     ((char *)sp2)[n - 1] = 0;
   }
@@ -981,8 +1034,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
   sp = sp2;
 
   /* interpret command line arguments */
-  if ((M->ps.indirect = argc > 0 ? GetIndirectOffset(argv[0]) : 0)) {
-    /* if argv[0] is $prog.ape, then we strip off the .ape and run
+  if ((M->ps.indirect = GetIndirectOffset(prog))) {
+    /* if called as $prog.ape, then strip off the .ape and run the
        $prog. This allows you to use symlinks to trick the OS when
        a native executable is required. For example, let's say you
        want to use the APE binary /opt/cosmos/bin/bash as a system
@@ -991,13 +1044,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
        but it will if you say:
            ln -sf /usr/local/bin/ape /opt/cosmos/bin/bash.ape
        and then use #!/opt/cosmos/bin/bash.ape instead. */
-    M->ps.literally = 0;
-    if (*argv[0] == '-' && (shell = GetEnv(envp, "SHELL")) &&
-        !StrCmp(argv[0] + 1, BaseName(shell))) {
-      execfn = prog = shell;
-    } else {
-      prog = (char *)sp[1];
-    }
+    M->ps.literally = 1;
     argc = sp[0];
     argv = (char **)(sp + 1);
   } else if ((M->ps.literally = argc >= 3 && !StrCmp(argv[1], "-"))) {
@@ -1011,7 +1058,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
   } else if (argc < 2) {
     Emit("usage: ape   PROG [ARGV1,ARGV2,...]\n"
          "       ape - PROG [ARGV0,ARGV1,...]\n"
-         "  ($0 = PROG.ape) [ARGV1,ARGV2,...]\n"
+         "         PROG.ape [ARGV1,ARGV2,...]\n"
          "actually portable executable loader silicon 1.10\n"
          "copyrights 2023 justine alexandra roberts tunney\n"
          "https://justine.lol/ape.html\n");

ape/ape.S

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 nofixeol                        :vi │
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 │ αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε § program header                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "ape/macros.internal.h"
-#include "ape/notice.inc"
 #include "ape/relocations.h"
 #include "libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ ape_mz:
 	.quad	ape_elf_entry			//  18: e_entry
 	.quad	ape_elf_phoff			//  20: e_phoff
 	.quad	ape_elf_shoff			//  28: e_shoff
-	.long	0				//  30: e_flags
+	.long	0x101ca75			//  30: ape e_flags
 	.short	64				//  34: e_ehsize
 	.short	56				//  36: e_phentsize
 	.short	ape_elf_phnum			//  38: e_phnum
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_entry,8		//  18: e_entry
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phoff,8		//  20: e_phoff
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_shoff,8		//  28: e_shoff
-	.ascii	    "\\0\\0\\0\\0"		//  30: e_flags
+	.ascii	    "\\165\\312\\1\\1"		//  30: ape e_flags
 	.ascii	    "\\100\\0"			//  34: e_ehsize
 	.ascii	    "\\070\\0"			//  36: e_phentsize
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phnum,2		//  38: e_phnum
@@ -700,36 +699,9 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
 #endif /* APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF */
 	.ascii	  "exit $?\n"
 	.ascii	"fi\n"				// x86_64
-//	...
-//	decentralized section (.apesh)
-//	...
-	.ascii	"PHDRS='' <<'@'\n"
-	.endobj	apesh
-
-//	elf program headers get inserted here
-//	because they need to be in the first 4096 bytes
-        .section .emushprologue,"a",@progbits
-emush:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"
-	.ascii	"s=$(uname -s 2>/dev/null) || s=Darwin\n"
-//	our script is running on a non-x86_64 architecture
-//	1. `dd` out the appropriate blink vm blob
-//	2. gunzip the blink virtual machine executable
-//	3. relaunch this program inside the blink vm
-	.ascii	"o=\"$(command -v \"$0\")\"\n"
-	.ascii	"e=\"${TMPDIR:-${HOME:-.}}/.ape-blink-1.0.0\"\n"
-	.previous
-//	...
-//	decentralized section (.emush)
-//	- __static_yoink("blink_linux_aarch64");  // for raspberry pi
-//	- __static_yoink("blink_xnu_aarch64");    // is apple silicon
-//	...
-        .section .emushepilogue,"a",@progbits
-	.ascii	"echo \"$0: this ape binary lacks $m support\" >&2\n"
-	.rept	16
-	.ascii	"exit 127\n"
-	.endr
+	.ascii	"echo error: this ape binary only supports x86_64 >&2\n"
 	.ascii	"exit 1\n"
-	.previous
+	.endobj	apesh
 
 #ifdef APE_LOADER
         .section .ape.loader,"a",@progbits
@@ -789,7 +761,7 @@ ape_phdrs:
 	.quad	0
 	.quad	0
 	.quad	0
-	.stub	ape_stack_align,quad
+	.quad	16
 
 #if SupportsOpenbsd() || SupportsNetbsd()
 	.long	PT_NOTE
@@ -1064,7 +1036,7 @@ ape_pe:	.ascin	"PE",4
 	.quad	ape_pe_base		// ImageBase
 	.long	ape_pe_sectionalignment	// SectionAlignment
 	.long	ape_pe_filealignment	// FileAlignment
-	.short	v_ntversion		// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
+	.short	10			// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MajorImageVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorImageVersion
@@ -1799,49 +1771,31 @@ kernel:	movabs	$ape_stack_vaddr,%rsp
 	.type	ape_text_nops,@object
 	.type	__test_end,@object
 
-	.section .commentprologue,"a",@progbits
-	.globl	__comment_start
-	.type	__comment_start,@object
-	.hidden	__comment_start
-__comment_start:/*
-	...
-	decentralized content
-	...
-	*/.previous
-	.section .commentepilogue,"a",@progbits
-	.byte	0
-	.previous
-
 	.section .ape.pad.head,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_head,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_head
 ape_pad_head:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.text,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_text,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_text
 ape_pad_text:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.privileged,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_privileged,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_privileged
 ape_pad_privileged:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .ape.pad.data,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_pad_data,@object
 	.hidden	ape_pad_data
 ape_pad_data:
-	.previous
 
 #if SupportsWindows()
 	.section .idata.ro,"a",@progbits
 	.type	ape_idata_ro,@object
 	.hidden	ape_idata_ro
 ape_idata_ro:
-	.previous
 #endif /* SupportsWindows() */
 
 	.section .dataprologue,"aw",@progbits
@@ -1849,32 +1803,45 @@ ape_idata_ro:
 	.globl	__data_start
 	.hidden	__data_start
 __data_start:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .dataepilogue,"aw",@progbits
 	.type	__data_end,@object
 	.globl	__data_end
 	.hidden	__data_end
 __data_end:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .bssprologue,"aw",@nobits
 	.type	__bss_start,@object
 	.globl	__bss_start
 	.hidden	__bss_start
 __bss_start:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .bssepilogue,"aw",@nobits
 	.type	__bss_end,@object
 	.globl	__bss_end
 	.hidden	__bss_end
 __bss_end:
-	.previous
 
 	.section .fstls,"awT",@nobits
 	.align	TLS_ALIGNMENT
-	.previous
+
+	.section .notice,"aR",@progbits
+	.asciz	"\n\n\
+Cosmopolitan\n\
+Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney\n\
+\n\
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for\n\
+any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the\n\
+above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.\n\
+\n\
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL\n\
+WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED\n\
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n\
+AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n\
+DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR\n\
+PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER\n\
+TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n\
+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE."
 
 .end
 

ape/ape.lds

@@ -229,7 +229,6 @@ SECTIONS {
 
     /* Real Mode */
     KEEP(*(.head))
-    KEEP(*(.apesh))
     KEEP(*(.text.head))
 
     /* Executable & Linkable Format */
@@ -238,10 +237,6 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(.elf.phdrs))
     ape_phdrs_end = .;
 
-    KEEP(*(.emushprologue))
-    KEEP(*(.emush))
-    KEEP(*(.emushepilogue))
-
     /* OpenBSD */
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     ape_note = .;
@@ -287,12 +282,9 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.init.*)))
     KEEP(*(.init))
     KEEP(*(.initepilogue))
-    KEEP(*(.pltprologue))
     *(.plt)
-    KEEP(*(.pltepilogue))
-    KEEP(*(.pltgotprologue))
     *(.plt.got)
-    KEEP(*(.pltgotepilogue))
+    *(.iplt)
     *(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
     *(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
     *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
@@ -301,7 +293,6 @@ SECTIONS {
     KEEP(*(.textwindowsprologue))
     *(.text.windows)
     KEEP(*(.textwindowsepilogue))
-    KEEP(*(.blink))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.modernity))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.modernity.*))
     *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.text.hot))
@@ -329,7 +320,7 @@ SECTIONS {
 
 /*BEGIN: Read Only Data */
 
-  .rodata . : {
+  .rodata ALIGN(CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE)) : {
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.0));
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.1));
     KEEP(*(.rodata.pytab.2));
@@ -339,11 +330,11 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.ubsan.data)
 
     /* Legal Notices */
-#if !defined(IM_FEELING_NAUGHTY) || defined(EMBED_NOTICES)
-    KEEP(*(.commentprologue))
-    KEEP(*(.comment))
-    KEEP(*(.commentepilogue))
-#endif
+    __notices = .;
+    KEEP(*(.notice))
+    BYTE(0);
+    BYTE(10);
+    BYTE(10);
 
 /*BEGIN: read-only data that's only needed for initialization */
 
@@ -399,26 +390,28 @@ SECTIONS {
 /*BEGIN: NT FORK COPYING */
     KEEP(*(.dataprologue))
     *(.data .data.*)
+    *(.gnu_extab)
+    *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*)
+    *(.exception_ranges*)
     *(.PyRuntime) /* for python */
     *(.subrs) /* for emacs */
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.data.*)))
     . += . > 0 ? CODE_GRANULE : 0;
 
-    KEEP(*(.gotprologue))
+    . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
+    __got_start = .;
     *(.got)
-    KEEP(*(.gotepilogue))
+    __got_end = .;
 
-    KEEP(*(.gotpltprologue))
     *(.got.plt)
-    KEEP(*(.gotpltepilogue))
 
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     __init_array_start = .;
+    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*)
            SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
-    KEEP(*(.ctors))
     KEEP(*(.init_array))
-    KEEP(*(.preinit_array))
+    KEEP(*(.ctors))
     __init_array_end = .;
 
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
@@ -435,7 +428,9 @@ SECTIONS {
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? __SIZEOF_POINTER__ : 0);
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.data.sort.*)))
     KEEP(*(.piro.pad.data))
+    *(.igot.plt)
     KEEP(*(.dataepilogue))
+
     . = ALIGN(. != 0 ? CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE) : 0);
 /*END: NT FORK COPYING */
     _edata = .;
@@ -533,7 +528,9 @@ SECTIONS {
     *(.piro.data.sort.iat.*)
 #endif
     *(__patchable_function_entries)
+    *(.note.gnu.property)
     *(__mcount_loc)
+    *(.rela.dyn)
     *(.discard)
     *(.yoink)
   }
@@ -556,7 +553,9 @@ _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tls_align = 1;
+_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
+_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));
 
 ape_cod_offset = 0;
 ape_cod_vaddr = ADDR(.head);
@@ -589,8 +588,6 @@ ape_stack_vaddr = DEFINED(ape_stack_vaddr) ? ape_stack_vaddr : 0x700000000000;
 ape_stack_paddr = ape_ram_paddr + ape_ram_filesz;
 ape_stack_filesz = 0;
 ape_stack_memsz = DEFINED(ape_stack_memsz) ? ape_stack_memsz : 8 * 1024 * 1024;
-ape_stack_align = DEFINED(ape_stack_align) ? ape_stack_align : 16;
-ape_stack_round = -ape_stack_align;
 
 ape_note_offset = ape_cod_offset + (ape_note - ape_cod_vaddr);
 ape_note_filesz = ape_note_end - ape_note;
@@ -613,29 +610,6 @@ SHSTUB2(ape_loader_dd_count,
             ? ROUNDUP(ape_loader_end - ape_loader, CONSTANT(COMMONPAGESIZE)) / 64
             : 0);
 
-#if defined(APE_IS_SHELL_SCRIPT) && !IsTiny()
-
-#define IDENTITY(X) X
-
-#define APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(F, X)                                                      \
-    X##_quad = DEFINED(X) ? ((F(X) < 1000000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000000000 % 10 + 48) << 000 | \
-                             (F(X) < 100000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 100000000 % 10 + 48) << 010 |   \
-                             (F(X) < 10000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 10000000 % 10 + 48) << 020 |     \
-                             (F(X) < 1000000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000000 % 10 + 48) << 030 |       \
-                             (F(X) < 100000 ? 32 : F(X) / 100000 % 10 + 48) << 040 |         \
-                             (F(X) < 10000 ? 32 : F(X) / 10000 % 10 + 48) << 050 |           \
-                             (F(X) < 1000 ? 32 : F(X) / 1000 % 10 + 48) << 060 |             \
-                             (F(X) < 100 ? 32 : F(X) / 100 % 10 + 48) << 070) : 0;           \
-    X##_short = DEFINED(X) ? ((F(X) < 10 ? 32 : F(X) / 10 % 10 + 48) << 000 |                \
-                              (F(X) % 10 + 48) << 010) : 0
-
-APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(RVA,      blink_linux_aarch64);
-APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(IDENTITY, blink_linux_aarch64_size);
-APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(RVA,      blink_xnu_aarch64);
-APE_DECLARE_FIXED_DECIMAL(IDENTITY, blink_xnu_aarch64_size);
-
-#endif /* APE_IS_SHELL_SCRIPT */
-
 #if SupportsMetal()
 v_ape_realsectors = MIN(0x70000 - IMAGE_BASE_REAL, ROUNDUP(RVA(_ezip), 512)) / 512;
 v_ape_realbytes = v_ape_realsectors * 512;
@@ -739,7 +713,6 @@ ape_idataz = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_iat) : 0;
 ape_idata_iatsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_iatend - ape_idata_iat : 0;
 ape_idata = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_idt) : 0;
 ape_idata_idtsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_idtend - ape_idata_idt : 0;
-v_ntversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 1;
 v_ntdllchar = LINK_WINDOWS ? 288 : 0;
 v_ntsubversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 5;
 v_ntsubsystem = (LINK_WINDOWS

ape/apeinstall.sh

@@ -10,73 +10,98 @@ if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
   cd "$COSMO" || exit
 fi
 
+if [ -x build/bootstrap/make ]; then
+  MAKE=build/bootstrap/make
+else
+  MAKE=make
+fi
+
 if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
   SUDO=
-else
+elif command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   SUDO=sudo
+elif command -v doas >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  SUDO=doas
+else
+  echo "need root or sudo" >&2
+  exit
+fi
+
+if command -v install >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
+    INSTALL="install -o root -g root -m 755"
+  else
+    INSTALL="install -o root -g wheel -m 755"
+  fi
+else
+  INSTALL="cp -f"
 fi
 
 echo "Actually Portable Executable (APE) Installer" >&2
 echo "Author:  Justine Tunney <[email protected]>"  >&2
 
 # special installation process for apple silicon
-if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ] && [ "$(uname -m)" = "arm64" ]; then
+if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xDarwin ] && [ x"$(uname -m)" = xarm64 ]; then
   echo "cc -O -o $TMPDIR/ape.$$ ape/ape-m1.c" >&2
   cc -O -o "$TMPDIR/ape.$$" ape/ape-m1.c || exit
+  trap 'rm "$TMPDIR/ape.$$"' EXIT
   if [ ! -d /usr/local/bin ]; then
     echo "$SUDO mkdir -p /usr/local/bin" >&2
     $SUDO mkdir -p /usr/local/bin || exit
   fi
-  echo "$SUDO mv -f $TMPDIR/ape.$$ /usr/local/bin/ape" >&2
-  $SUDO mv -f "$TMPDIR/ape.$$" /usr/local/bin/ape || exit
+  echo "$SUDO $INSTALL $TMPDIR/ape.$$ /usr/local/bin/ape" >&2
+  $SUDO $INSTALL "$TMPDIR/ape.$$" /usr/local/bin/ape || exit
+  exit
+fi
+
+if [ x"$(uname -m)" = xarm64 ] || [ x"$(uname -m)" = xaarch64 ]; then
+  MODE=aarch64
+  EXT=elf
+  BEXT=aarch64
+elif [ x"$(uname -m)" = xx86_64 ]; then
+  MODE=
+  if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xDarwin ]; then
+    EXT=macho
+  else
+    EXT=elf
+  fi
+  BEXT=$EXT
+else
+  echo "unsupported architecture $(uname -m)" >&2
   exit
 fi
 
 ################################################################################
 # INSTALL APE LOADER SYSTEMWIDE
 
-if [ -f o/depend ] && make -j8 o//ape; then
+if [ -f o/$MODE/depend ] && $MAKE -j8 o/$MODE/ape; then
   echo "successfully recompiled ape loader" >&2
-elif [ -x o//ape/ape.elf ] && [ -x o//ape/ape.macho ]; then
+elif [ -x o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT ]; then
   echo "using ape loader you compiled earlier" >&2
 elif [ -d build/bootstrap ]; then
   # if make isn't being used then it's unlikely the user changed the sources
   # in that case the prebuilt binaries should be completely up-to-date
   echo "using prebuilt ape loader from cosmo repo" >&2
-  mkdir -p o//ape || exit
-  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.elf o//ape/ape.elf || exit
-  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.macho o//ape/ape.macho || exit
+  mkdir -p o/$MODE/ape || exit
+  cp -af build/bootstrap/ape.$BEXT o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT || exit
 else
   echo "no cosmopolitan libc repository here" >&2
-  echo "fetching ape loader from justine.lol"  >&2
-  mkdir -p o//ape || exit
+  echo "fetching ape loader from justine.lol" >&2
+  mkdir -p o/$MODE/ape || exit
   if command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    wget -qO o//ape/ape.elf https://justine.lol/ape.elf || exit
-    wget -qO o//ape/ape.macho https://justine.lol/ape.macho || exit
+    wget -qO o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT https://justine.lol/ape.$BEXT || exit
   else
-    curl -Rso o//ape/ape.elf https://justine.lol/ape.elf || exit
-    curl -Rso o//ape/ape.macho https://justine.lol/ape.macho || exit
+    curl -Rso o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT https://justine.lol/ape.$BEXT || exit
   fi
-  chmod +x o//ape/ape.elf || exit
-  chmod +x o//ape/ape.macho || exit
+  chmod +x o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT || exit
 fi
 
-if [ "$(uname -s)" = "Darwin" ]; then
-  if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o//ape/ape.macho ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo "installing o//ape/ape.macho to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-    echo "$SUDO cp -f o//ape/ape.macho /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-    $SUDO cp -f o//ape/ape.macho /usr/bin/ape || exit
-    echo "done" >&2
-  fi
-else
-  if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o//ape/ape.elf ]; then
-    echo >&2
-    echo "installing o//ape/ape.elf to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-    echo "$SUDO mv -f o//ape/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape" >&2
-    $SUDO cp -f o//ape/ape.elf /usr/bin/ape || exit
-    echo "done" >&2
-  fi
+if ! [ /usr/bin/ape -nt o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT ]; then
+  echo >&2
+  echo "installing o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT to /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+  echo "$SUDO $INSTALL o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT /usr/bin/ape" >&2
+  $SUDO $INSTALL o/$MODE/ape/ape.$EXT /usr/bin/ape || exit
+  echo "done" >&2
 fi
 
 ################################################################################
@@ -112,13 +137,20 @@ if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
     echo done >&2
   fi
 
+  uname_r="$(uname -r)"
+  if printf '%s\n%s\n' 5.12 "$uname_r" | sort -CV; then
+    FLAGS=FP
+  else
+    FLAGS=F
+  fi
+
   echo >&2
   echo registering APE with binfmt_misc >&2
   echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
   echo done >&2
 
   if [ x"$(cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status)" = xdisabled ]; then

ape/apeuninstall.sh

@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ fi
 
 if [ "$UID" = "0" ]; then
   SUDO=
-else
+elif command -v sudo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   SUDO=sudo
+elif command -v doas >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  SUDO=doas
+else
+  echo "need root or sudo" >&2
+  exit
 fi
 
 {
@@ -54,9 +59,7 @@ for x in .ape \
          .ape-1.7 \
          .ape-1.8 \
          .ape-1.9 \
-         .ape-1.10 \
-         .ape-blink-0.9.2 \
-         .ape-blink-1.0.0; do
+         .ape-1.10; do
   rm -f \
      ~/$x \
      /tmp/$x \

ape/loader-macho.S

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 
 //	Apple Mach-O Executable Headers
-//	Fixups are applied by objbincopy.com
+//	Fixups are applied by objbincopy
 //	There must exist a MAC_LC_SEGMENT_64 for every PT_LOAD
 
 	.section .macho,"a",@progbits

ape/loader.c

@@ -113,41 +113,47 @@
 #define EXTERN_C
 #endif
 
-#define O_RDONLY           0
-#define PROT_NONE          0
-#define PROT_READ          1
-#define PROT_WRITE         2
-#define PROT_EXEC          4
-#define MAP_SHARED         1
-#define MAP_PRIVATE        2
-#define MAP_FIXED          16
-#define MAP_ANONYMOUS      (IsLinux() ? 32 : 4096)
-#define MAP_NORESERVE      (IsLinux() ? 16384 : 0)
-#define ELFCLASS32         1
-#define ELFDATA2LSB        1
-#define EM_NEXGEN32E       62
-#define EM_AARCH64         183
-#define ET_EXEC            2
-#define ET_DYN             3
-#define PT_LOAD            1
-#define PT_DYNAMIC         2
-#define PT_INTERP          3
-#define EI_CLASS           4
-#define EI_DATA            5
-#define PF_X               1
-#define PF_W               2
-#define PF_R               4
-#define AT_PHDR            3
-#define AT_PHENT           4
-#define AT_PHNUM           5
-#define AT_PAGESZ          6
-#define AT_EXECFN_LINUX    31
-#define AT_EXECFN_NETBSD   2014
-#define X_OK               1
-#define XCR0_SSE           2
-#define XCR0_AVX           4
-#define PR_SET_MM          35
-#define PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE 13
+#define O_RDONLY                    0
+#define PROT_NONE                   0
+#define PROT_READ                   1
+#define PROT_WRITE                  2
+#define PROT_EXEC                   4
+#define MAP_SHARED                  1
+#define MAP_PRIVATE                 2
+#define MAP_FIXED                   16
+#define MAP_ANONYMOUS               (IsLinux() ? 32 : 4096)
+#define MAP_NORESERVE               (IsLinux() ? 16384 : 0)
+#define ELFCLASS32                  1
+#define ELFDATA2LSB                 1
+#define EM_NEXGEN32E                62
+#define EM_AARCH64                  183
+#define ET_EXEC                     2
+#define ET_DYN                      3
+#define PT_LOAD                     1
+#define PT_DYNAMIC                  2
+#define PT_INTERP                   3
+#define EI_CLASS                    4
+#define EI_DATA                     5
+#define PF_X                        1
+#define PF_W                        2
+#define PF_R                        4
+#define AT_PHDR                     3
+#define AT_PHENT                    4
+#define AT_PHNUM                    5
+#define AT_PAGESZ                   6
+#define AT_FLAGS                    8
+#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT 0
+#define AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0     (1 << AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0_BIT)
+#define AT_EXECFN_LINUX             31
+#define AT_EXECFN_NETBSD            2014
+#define X_OK                        1
+#define XCR0_SSE                    2
+#define XCR0_AVX                    4
+#define PR_SET_MM                   35
+#define PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE          13
+
+#define EF_APE_MODERN      0x101ca75
+#define EF_APE_MODERN_MASK 0x1ffffff
 
 #define READ32(S)                                                      \
   ((unsigned)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
@@ -163,13 +169,6 @@
    (unsigned long)(255 & (S)[1]) << 010 | \
    (unsigned long)(255 & (S)[0]) << 000)
 
-#define DEBUG(VAR)                          \
-  {                                         \
-    char ibuf[19] = {0};                    \
-    Utox(ibuf, VAR);                        \
-    Print(os, 2, ibuf, " " #VAR, "\n", 0l); \
-  }
-
 struct ElfEhdr {
   unsigned char e_ident[16];
   unsigned short e_type;
@@ -232,13 +231,15 @@ extern char _end[];
 
 static unsigned long StrLen(const char *s) {
   unsigned long n = 0;
-  while (*s++) ++n;
+  while (*s++)
+    ++n;
   return n;
 }
 
 static int StrCmp(const char *l, const char *r) {
   unsigned long i = 0;
-  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i]) ++i;
+  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i])
+    ++i;
   return (l[i] & 255) - (r[i] & 255);
 }
 
@@ -337,23 +338,6 @@ static char *GetEnv(char **p, const char *s) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-static char *Utox(char p[19], unsigned long x) {
-  int i;
-  if (x) {
-    *p++ = '0';
-    *p++ = 'x';
-    i = (__builtin_clzl(x) ^ (sizeof(long) * 8 - 1)) + 1;
-    i = (i + 3) & -4;
-    do {
-      *p++ = "0123456789abcdef"[(x >> (i -= 4)) & 15];
-    } while (i);
-  } else {
-    *p++ = '0';
-  }
-  *p = 0;
-  return p;
-}
-
 static char *Utoa(char p[20], unsigned long x) {
   char t;
   unsigned long i, a, b;
@@ -374,7 +358,8 @@ static char *Utoa(char p[20], unsigned long x) {
 }
 
 static char *Itoa(char p[21], long x) {
-  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
   return Utoa(p, x);
 }
 
@@ -383,7 +368,8 @@ __attribute__((__noinline__)) static long CallSystem(long arg1, long arg2,
                                                      long arg5, long arg6,
                                                      long arg7, int numba,
                                                      char os) {
-  if (IsXnu()) numba |= 0x2000000;
+  if (IsXnu())
+    numba |= 0x2000000;
   return SystemCall(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, numba);
 }
 
@@ -531,10 +517,62 @@ static long Print(int os, int fd, const char *s, ...) {
   return Write(fd, b, n, os);
 }
 
+static long Printf(int os, int fd, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  int i;
+  char c;
+  int k = 0;
+  unsigned u;
+  char b[512];
+  const char *s;
+  unsigned long d;
+  __builtin_va_list va;
+  __builtin_va_start(va, fmt);
+  for (;;) {
+    switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
+      case '\0':
+        __builtin_va_end(va);
+        return Write(fd, b, k, os);
+      case '%':
+        switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
+          case 's':
+            for (s = __builtin_va_arg(va, const char *); s && *s; ++s) {
+              if (k < 512)
+                b[k++] = *s;
+            }
+            break;
+          case 'd':
+            d = __builtin_va_arg(va, unsigned long);
+            for (i = 16; i--;) {
+              u = (d >> (i * 4)) & 15;
+              if (u < 10) {
+                c = '0' + u;
+              } else {
+                u -= 10;
+                c = 'a' + u;
+              }
+              if (k < 512)
+                b[k++] = c;
+            }
+            break;
+          default:
+            if (k < 512)
+              b[k++] = c;
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (k < 512)
+          b[k++] = c;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 static void Perror(int os, const char *thing, long rc, const char *reason) {
   char ibuf[21];
   ibuf[0] = 0;
-  if (rc) Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
+  if (rc)
+    Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
   Print(os, 2, "ape error: ", thing, ": ", reason,
         rc ? " failed w/ errno " : "", ibuf, "\n", 0l);
 }
@@ -546,8 +584,10 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Pexit(int os, const char *c, int rc,
 }
 
 static char AccessCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps, unsigned long pathlen) {
-  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
-  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/') ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
+  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
+  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/')
+    ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
   MemMove(ps->path + pathlen, ps->name, ps->namelen);
   ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
   return !Access(ps->path, X_OK, ps->os);
@@ -572,39 +612,18 @@ static char SearchPath(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
   }
 }
 
-static char FindCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps) {
-  ps->path[0] = 0;
-
-  /* paths are always 100% taken literally when a slash exists
-       $ ape foo/bar.com arg1 arg2 */
-  if (MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen)) {
-    return AccessCommand(ps, 0);
-  }
-
-  /* we don't run files in the current directory
-       $ ape foo.com arg1 arg2
-     unless $PATH has an empty string entry, e.g.
-       $ expert PATH=":/bin"
-       $ ape foo.com arg1 arg2
-     however we will execute this
-       $ ape - foo.com foo.com arg1 arg2
-     because cosmo's execve needs it */
-  if (ps->literally && AccessCommand(ps, 0)) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* otherwise search for name on $PATH */
-  return SearchPath(ps);
-}
-
 static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, int os, char *name,
-                      const char *syspath, int may_path_search) {
-  if (!may_path_search) return name;
+                      const char *syspath) {
+  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name))))
+    return 0;
+  if (ps->literally || MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen))
+    return name;
   ps->os = os;
   ps->syspath = syspath ? syspath : "/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin";
-  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name)))) return 0;
-  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
-  if (FindCommand(ps)) {
+  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
+  ps->path[0] = 0;
+  if (SearchPath(ps)) {
     return ps->path;
   } else {
     return 0;
@@ -659,7 +678,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       Pexit(os, exe, 0, "ELF segments overlap your APE loader");
     }
     for (j = i + 1; j < e->e_phnum; ++j) {
-      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+        continue;
       c = p[j].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
       d = (p[j].p_vaddr + p[j].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
       if (MAX(a, c) < MIN(b, d)) {
@@ -692,7 +712,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
   if (e->e_type == ET_DYN) {
     rc = Mmap(0, virtmax - virtmin, PROT_NONE,
               MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE, -1, 0, os);
-    if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
+    if (rc < 0)
+      Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
     dynbase = rc;
     if (dynbase & (pagesz - 1)) {
       Pexit(os, exe, 0, "OS mmap incongruent w/ AT_PAGESZ");
@@ -708,14 +729,18 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
   for (i = 0; i < e->e_phnum; ++i) {
     void *addr;
     unsigned long size;
-    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      continue;
 
     /* configure mapping */
     prot = 0;
     flags = MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R) prot |= PROT_READ;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W) prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X) prot |= PROT_EXEC;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R)
+      prot |= PROT_READ;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W)
+      prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X)
+      prot |= PROT_EXEC;
 
     if (p[i].p_filesz) {
       /* load from file */
@@ -742,17 +767,21 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       addr = (void *)(dynbase + (p[i].p_vaddr & -pagesz));
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_filesz;
       rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz, os);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
-      if (wipe) Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
+      if (wipe)
+        Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
       if (prot2 != prot1) {
         rc = Mprotect(addr, size, prot2, os);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
       }
       /* allocate extra bss */
       if (c > b) {
         flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
         rc = Mmap((void *)(dynbase + b), c - b, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
       }
     } else {
       /* allocate pure bss */
@@ -760,7 +789,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
       size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_memsz;
       flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
       rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
     }
   }
 
@@ -781,7 +811,8 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
   struct ElfPhdr *p;
 
   /* validate page size */
-  if (!pagesz) pagesz = 4096;
+  if (!pagesz)
+    pagesz = 4096;
   if (pagesz & (pagesz - 1)) {
     Pexit(os, exe, 0, "AT_PAGESZ isn't two power");
   }
@@ -806,6 +837,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
     return "couldn't find ELF header with x86-64 machine type";
   }
 #endif
+  if ((e->e_flags & EF_APE_MODERN_MASK) != EF_APE_MODERN && sp[0] > 0) {
+    /* change argv[0] to resolved path for older binaries */
+    ((char **)(sp + 1))[0] = exe;
+  }
   if (e->e_phentsize != sizeof(struct ElfPhdr)) {
     Pexit(os, exe, 0, "e_phentsize is wrong");
   }
@@ -816,8 +851,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
 
   /* read program headers */
   rc = Pread(fd, M->phdr.buf, size, e->e_phoff, os);
-  if (rc < 0) return "failed to read ELF program headers";
-  if (rc != size) return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return "failed to read ELF program headers";
+  if (rc != size)
+    return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
 
   /* bail on recoverable program header errors */
   p = &M->phdr.phdr;
@@ -897,7 +934,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void ShowUsage(int os, int fd, int rc) {
         "NAME\n"
         "\n"
         "  actually portable executable loader version " APE_VERSION_STR "\n"
-        "  copyright 2023 justine alexandra roberts tunney\n"
+        "  copyrights 2024 justine alexandra roberts tunney\n"
         "  https://justine.lol/ape.html\n"
         "\n"
         "USAGE\n"
@@ -913,16 +950,16 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
                                                       char dl) {
   int rc, n;
   unsigned i;
-  char literally;
   const char *ape;
   int c, fd, os, argc;
   struct ApeLoader *M;
+  char arg0, literally;
   unsigned long pagesz;
   union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf;
   long *auxv, *ap, *endp, *sp2;
   char *p, *pe, *exe, *prog, **argv, **envp;
 
-  (void)Utox;
+  (void)Printf;
 
   /* detect freebsd */
   if (SupportsXnu() && dl == XNU) {
@@ -947,7 +984,8 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
 
   /* determine ape loader program name */
   ape = argv[0];
-  if (!ape) ape = "ape";
+  if (!ape)
+    ape = "ape";
 
   /* detect openbsd */
   if (SupportsOpenbsd() && !os && !auxv[0]) {
@@ -961,11 +999,15 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
 
   /* detect netbsd and find end of words */
   pagesz = 0;
+  arg0 = 0;
   for (ap = auxv; ap[0]; ap += 2) {
     if (ap[0] == AT_PAGESZ) {
       pagesz = ap[1];
     } else if (SupportsNetbsd() && !os && ap[0] == AT_EXECFN_NETBSD) {
       os = NETBSD;
+    } else if (SupportsLinux() && ap[0] == AT_FLAGS) {
+      // TODO(mrdomino): maybe set/insert this when we are called as "ape -".
+      arg0 = !!(ap[1] & AT_FLAGS_PRESERVE_ARGV0);
     }
   }
   if (!pagesz) {
@@ -979,8 +1021,12 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
   }
 
   /* we can load via shell, shebang, or binfmt_misc */
-  int may_path_search = 1;
-  if ((literally = argc >= 3 && !StrCmp(argv[1], "-"))) {
+  if (arg0) {
+    literally = 1;
+    prog = (char *)sp[2];
+    argc = sp[2] = sp[0] - 2;
+    argv = (char **)((sp += 2) + 1);
+  } else if ((literally = argc >= 3 && !StrCmp(argv[1], "-"))) {
     /* if the first argument is a hyphen then we give the user the
        power to change argv[0] or omit it entirely. most operating
        systems don't permit the omission of argv[0] but we do, b/c
@@ -988,12 +1034,12 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
     prog = (char *)sp[3];
     argc = sp[3] = sp[0] - 3;
     argv = (char **)((sp += 3) + 1);
-    may_path_search = 0;
   } else if (argc < 2) {
     ShowUsage(os, 2, 1);
   } else {
     if (argv[1][0] == '-') {
-      rc = !(argv[1][1] == 'h' && !argv[1][2]) || !StrCmp(argv[1] + 1, "-help");
+      rc = !((argv[1][1] == 'h' && !argv[1][2]) ||
+             !StrCmp(argv[1] + 1, "-help"));
       ShowUsage(os, 1 + rc, rc);
     }
     prog = (char *)sp[2];
@@ -1011,7 +1057,8 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
      grows down the alloc by poking the guard pages */
   n = (endp - sp + 1) * sizeof(long);
   sp2 = (long *)__builtin_alloca(n);
-  if ((long)sp2 & 15) ++sp2;
+  if ((long)sp2 & 15)
+    ++sp2;
   for (; n > 0; n -= pagesz) {
     ((char *)sp2)[n - 1] = 0;
   }
@@ -1029,8 +1076,7 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
   }
 
   /* resolve path of executable and read its first page */
-  if (!(exe = Commandv(&M->ps, os, prog, GetEnv(envp, "PATH"),
-                       may_path_search))) {
+  if (!(exe = Commandv(&M->ps, os, prog, GetEnv(envp, "PATH")))) {
     Pexit(os, prog, 0, "not found (maybe chmod +x or ./ needed)");
   } else if ((fd = Open(exe, O_RDONLY, 0, os)) < 0) {
     Pexit(os, exe, fd, "open");

ape/macros.internal.h

@@ -84,9 +84,10 @@
 /* clang-format on */
 #elif defined(__LINKER__)
 
-#define BCX_NIBBLE(X) ((((X)&0xf) > 0x9) ? ((X)&0xf) + 0x37 : ((X)&0xf) + 0x30)
-#define BCX_OCTET(X)  ((BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 4) << 8) | (BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 0) << 0))
-#define BCX_INT16(X)  ((BCX_OCTET((X) >> 8) << 16) | (BCX_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 0))
+#define BCX_NIBBLE(X) \
+  ((((X) & 0xf) > 0x9) ? ((X) & 0xf) + 0x37 : ((X) & 0xf) + 0x30)
+#define BCX_OCTET(X) ((BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 4) << 8) | (BCX_NIBBLE((X) >> 0) << 0))
+#define BCX_INT16(X) ((BCX_OCTET((X) >> 8) << 16) | (BCX_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 0))
 #define BCXSTUB(SYM, X)                      \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_bcx0 = BCX_INT16((X) >> 48)); \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_bcx1 = BCX_INT16((X) >> 32)); \
@@ -98,12 +99,12 @@
  *
  * <p>This allows linker scripts to generate printf commands.
  */
-#define BCO_OCTET(X) (((X)&0x7) + 0x30)
+#define BCO_OCTET(X) (((X) & 0x7) + 0x30)
 #define BCOB_UNIT(X)                                           \
   ((BCO_OCTET((X) >> 0) << 24) | (BCO_OCTET((X) >> 3) << 16) | \
-   (BCO_OCTET(((X)&0xff) >> 6) << 8) | 0x5c)
+   (BCO_OCTET(((X) & 0xff) >> 6) << 8) | 0x5c)
 
-#define PFBYTE(SYM, X, I) HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs##I = BCOB_UNIT((X) >> ((I)*8)))
+#define PFBYTE(SYM, X, I) HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs##I = BCOB_UNIT((X) >> ((I) * 8)))
 #define PFSTUB2(SYM, X) \
   HIDDEN(SYM = (X));    \
   PFBYTE(SYM, X, 0);    \
@@ -140,23 +141,16 @@
    : (X) < 10000000  ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 1000))  \
    : (X) < 100000000 ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 10000)) \
                      : 0xffffffffffffffff)
-#define BCD_RIGHT(X) \
-  (((X)) < 10000     ? 0x20202020                  \
-   : (X) < 100000    ? 0x20202030 +                \
-                       (X) % 10                    \
-   : (X) < 1000000   ? 0x20203030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 +           \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x100            \
-   : (X) < 10000000  ? 0x20303030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 100) % 10 +          \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x10000          \
-   : (X) < 100000000 ? 0x30303030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 1000) % 10 +         \
-                       ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +  \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x1000000        \
-                     : 0xffffffffffffffff)
+#define BCD_RIGHT(X)                                                   \
+  (((X)) < 10000    ? 0x20202020                                       \
+   : (X) < 100000   ? 0x20202030 + (X) % 10                            \
+   : (X) < 1000000  ? 0x20203030 + ((X) / 10) % 10 + (X) % 10 * 0x100  \
+   : (X) < 10000000 ? 0x20303030 + ((X) / 100) % 10 +                  \
+                          ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 + (X) % 10 * 0x10000 \
+   : (X) < 100000000                                                   \
+       ? 0x30303030 + ((X) / 1000) % 10 + ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
+             ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + (X) % 10 * 0x1000000          \
+       : 0xffffffffffffffff)
 
 /**
  * Laying out the GDT entries for a TSS for bare metal operation.
@@ -165,15 +159,11 @@
   HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent0 = TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)); \
   HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent1 = TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE));      \
   ASSERT((LIM) >= 0 && (LIM) <= 0xffff, "bare metal TSS is suspiciously fat")
-#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                \
-  (((LIM)        <<  0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | \
-   ((BASE)       << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
-    0x89         << 40                       | \
-   ((LIM)  >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | \
-    0x2          << 52                       | \
+#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                                              \
+  (((LIM) << 0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | ((BASE) << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
+   0x89 << 40 | ((LIM) >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | 0x2 << 52 |       \
    ((BASE) >> 24 << 56 & 0xff00000000000000))
-#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE)                     \
-   ((BASE) >> 32 <<  0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)
+#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE) ((BASE) >> 32 << 0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
 #endif /* APE_MACROS_H_ */

ape/sections.internal.h

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_APE_SECTIONS_INTERNAL_H_
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 
-extern const char __comment_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern const char __notices[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __executable_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __privileged_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _ehead[] __attribute__((__weak__));
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@ extern unsigned char _tdata_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tls_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char _tdata_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char _tbss_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __test_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __ro[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern uint8_t __data_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern uint8_t __data_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern uint8_t __bss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-extern uint8_t __bss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char __data_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char __data_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char __bss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char __bss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned long __got_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned long __got_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char ape_phdrs[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_

build/bootstrap/gcc-only-flags.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+--nocompress-debug-sections
+--noexecstack
+-Wa,--nocompress-debug-sections
+-Wa,--noexecstack
+-Wa,-msse2avx
+-Werror=maybe-uninitialized
+-Wno-literal-suffix
+-Wno-unused-but-set-variable
+-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations
+-fbranch-target-load-optimize
+-fcx-limited-range
+-fdelete-dead-exceptions
+-femit-struct-debug-baseonly
+-ffp-int-builtin-inexact
+-finline-functions-called-once
+-fipa-pta
+-fivopts
+-flimit-function-alignment
+-fmerge-constants
+-fmodulo-sched
+-fmodulo-sched-allow-regmoves
+-fno-align-jumps
+-fno-align-labels
+-fno-align-loops
+-fno-code-hoisting
+-fno-cx-limited-range
+-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact
+-fno-gnu-unique
+-fno-inline-functions-called-once
+-fno-instrument-functions
+-fno-schedule-insns2
+-fno-whole-program
+-fopt-info-vec
+-fopt-info-vec-missed
+-freg-struct-return
+-freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops
+-frounding-math
+-fsched2-use-superblocks
+-fschedule-insns
+-fschedule-insns2
+-fshrink-wrap
+-fshrink-wrap-separate
+-fsignaling-nans
+-fstack-clash-protection
+-ftracer
+-ftrapv
+-ftree-loop-im
+-ftree-loop-vectorize
+-funsafe-loop-optimizations
+-fversion-loops-for-strides
+-fwhole-program
+-gdescribe-dies
+-gstabs
+-mcall-ms2sysv-xlogues
+-mdispatch-scheduler
+-mfpmath=sse+387
+-mmitigate-rop
+-mno-fentry

build/config.mk

@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE),)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), x86_64)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), zero)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 OVERRIDE_CFLAGS += -O0
 OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS += -O0
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64-zero)
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 OVERRIDE_CFLAGS += -O0 -fdce
 OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS += -O0 -fdce
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), opt)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DNDEBUG -DSYSDEBUG
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O3 -fmerge-all-constants
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -march=native
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ endif
 #   - Turns off support for other operating systems
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), optlinux)
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DNDEBUG -DSYSDEBUG -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=1
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O3 -fmerge-all-constants
 CONFIG_COPTS += -mred-zone
@@ -127,32 +127,10 @@ TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
 PYFLAGS += -O1
 endif
 
-# Asan Mode
-#
-# Safer binaries good for backend production serving.
-#
-#   - `make MODE=asan`
-#   - Memory safety
-#   - Production worthy
-#   - Backtraces
-#   - Debuggability
-#   - Larger binaries
-#
-ifeq ($(MODE), asan)
-ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
-CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -D__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
-CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O2 -DSYSDEBUG
-CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=address
-TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
-QUOTA ?= -C64 -L300
-endif
-
 # Debug Mode
 #
 #   - `make MODE=dbg`
 #   - Backtraces
-#   - Enables asan
 #   - Enables ubsan
 #   - Stack canaries
 #   - No optimization
@@ -160,17 +138,17 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), dbg)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
-CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DMODE_DBG -D__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ -D__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
+CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DMODE_DBG -D__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -DSYSDEBUG -O0 -fno-inline
-CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined
+CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=undefined
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
 OVERRIDE_CCFLAGS += -fno-pie
 QUOTA ?= -C64 -L300
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64-dbg)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DMODE_DBG -D__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -DSYSDEBUG -O0 -fno-inline -fdce
 CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=undefined
@@ -189,7 +167,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), sysv)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O2
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3

build/definitions.mk

@@ -53,108 +53,17 @@
 #     OVERRIDE_FOO set ~/.cosmo.mk and target-specific (use rarely)
 #
 
-LC_ALL = C
-SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH = 0
-
-ARFLAGS = rcsD
-ZFLAGS ?=
-XARGS ?= xargs -P4 -rs8000
-DOT ?= dot
-CLANG = clang
-TMPDIR = o/tmp
-
-AR = build/bootstrap/ar.com
-CP = build/bootstrap/cp.com
-RM = build/bootstrap/rm.com -f
-GZIP = build/bootstrap/gzip.com
-ECHO = build/bootstrap/echo.com
-CHMOD = build/bootstrap/chmod.com
-TOUCH = build/bootstrap/touch.com
-PKG = build/bootstrap/package.com
-MKDEPS = build/bootstrap/mkdeps.com
-ZIPOBJ = build/bootstrap/zipobj.com
-ZIPCOPY = build/bootstrap/zipcopy.com
-PECHECK = build/bootstrap/pecheck.com
-FIXUPOBJ = build/bootstrap/fixupobj.com
-MKDIR = build/bootstrap/mkdir.com -p
-COMPILE = build/bootstrap/compile.com -V9 -P4096 $(QUOTA)
-
-COMMA := ,
-PWD := $(shell build/bootstrap/pwd.com)
-
-IGNORE := $(shell $(MKDIR) $(TMPDIR))
-
-ifneq ($(findstring aarch64,$(MODE)),)
-ARCH = aarch64
-HOSTS ?= pi studio freebsdarm
-else
-ARCH = x86_64
-HOSTS ?= freebsd rhel7 xnu win10 openbsd netbsd
-endif
-
-ZIPOBJ_FLAGS += -a$(ARCH)
-
-ifeq ($(PREFIX),)
-ifeq ($(USE_SYSTEM_TOOLCHAIN),)
-ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)
-ifneq ("$(wildcard o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-cosmo-*)","")
-PREFIX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-cosmo-
-else
-IGNORE := $(shell build/bootstrap/unbundle.com)
-PREFIX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-
-endif
-endif # ($(ARCH),x86_64))
-ifeq ($(ARCH),aarch64)
-ifneq ("$(wildcard o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-cosmo-*)","")
-PREFIX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-cosmo-
-else
-IGNORE := $(shell build/bootstrap/unbundle.com)
-PREFIX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-
-endif
-endif # ($(ARCH),aarch64)
-endif # ($(USE_SYSTEM_TOOLCHAIN),)
-endif # ($(PREFIX),)
-
-AS = $(PREFIX)as
-CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
-CXX = $(PREFIX)g++
-CXXFILT = $(PREFIX)c++filt
-LD = $(PREFIX)ld.bfd
-NM = $(PREFIX)nm
-GCC = $(PREFIX)gcc
-STRIP = $(PREFIX)strip
-OBJCOPY = $(PREFIX)objcopy
-OBJDUMP = $(PREFIX)objdump
-ifneq ($(wildcard $(PWD)/$(PREFIX)addr2line),)
-ADDR2LINE = $(PWD)/$(PREFIX)addr2line
-else
-ADDR2LINE = $(PREFIX)addr2line
-endif
-
-export ADDR2LINE
-export LC_ALL
-export MKDIR
-export MODE
-export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
-export TMPDIR
-
 ifeq ($(LANDLOCKMAKE_VERSION),)
-TMPSAFE = $(join $(TMPDIR),$(subst /,_,$@)).tmp
+TMPSAFE = $(join $(TMPDIR)/,$(subst /,_,$@)).tmp
 else
 TMPSAFE = $(TMPDIR)/
 endif
 
 BACKTRACES =								\
+	-fno-schedule-insns2						\
 	-fno-optimize-sibling-calls					\
 	-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer
 
-ifneq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
-BACKTRACES += -fno-schedule-insns2
-endif
-
-SANITIZER =								\
-	-fsanitize=address
-
 NO_MAGIC =								\
 	-ffreestanding							\
 	-fno-stack-protector						\
@@ -178,7 +87,6 @@ DEFAULT_CCFLAGS +=							\
 	-frecord-gcc-switches
 
 DEFAULT_COPTS ?=							\
-	-fno-math-errno							\
 	-fno-ident							\
 	-fno-common							\
 	-fno-gnu-unique							\
@@ -213,6 +121,7 @@ ifeq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
 DEFAULT_COPTS +=							\
 	-ffixed-x18							\
 	-ffixed-x28							\
+	-fsigned-char							\
 	-mno-outline-atomics
 endif
 
@@ -223,6 +132,8 @@ MATHEMATICAL =								\
 DEFAULT_CPPFLAGS +=							\
 	-D_COSMO_SOURCE							\
 	-DMODE='"$(MODE)"'						\
+	-Wno-prio-ctor-dtor						\
+	-Wno-unknown-pragmas						\
 	-nostdinc							\
 	-iquote.							\
 	-isystem libc/isystem
@@ -231,12 +142,14 @@ DEFAULT_CFLAGS =							\
 	-std=gnu2x
 
 DEFAULT_CXXFLAGS =							\
+	-std=gnu++20							\
 	-fno-rtti							\
 	-fno-exceptions							\
 	-fuse-cxa-atexit						\
 	-Wno-int-in-bool-context					\
 	-Wno-narrowing							\
-	-Wno-literal-suffix
+	-Wno-literal-suffix						\
+	-isystem third_party/libcxx
 
 DEFAULT_ASFLAGS =							\
 	-W								\
@@ -248,6 +161,7 @@ DEFAULT_LDFLAGS =							\
 	-nostdlib							\
 	-znorelro							\
 	--gc-sections							\
+	-z noexecstack							\
 	--build-id=none							\
 	--no-dynamic-linker
 
@@ -342,12 +256,12 @@ LD.libs =								\
 	$(LIBS)
 
 COMPILE.c.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(c.flags)
-COMPILE.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(cxx.flags)
+COMPILE.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags) $(cpp.flags)
 COMPILE.i.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(c.flags)
 COMPILE.ii.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags)
 LINK.flags = $(DEFAULT_LDFLAGS) $(CONFIG_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
 OBJECTIFY.c.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags) $(c.flags)
-OBJECTIFY.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags)
+OBJECTIFY.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cxx.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags)
 OBJECTIFY.s.flags = $(ASONLYFLAGS) $(s.flags)
 OBJECTIFY.S.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags)
 PREPROCESS.flags = -E $(copt.flags) $(cc.flags) $(cpp.flags)

build/download-cosmocc.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cosmocc downloader script
+# https://justine.lol/cosmo3/#install
+# https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/blob/master/tool/cosmocc/README.md
+
+# collect arguments
+OUTPUT_DIR=${1:?OUTPUT_DIR}
+COSMOCC_VERSION=${2:?COSMOCC_VERSION}
+COSMOCC_SHA256SUM=${3:?COSMOCC_SHA256SUM}
+URL1="https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/releases/download/${COSMOCC_VERSION}/cosmocc-${COSMOCC_VERSION}.zip"
+URL2="https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmocc/cosmocc-${COSMOCC_VERSION}.zip"
+
+# helper function
+abort() {
+  printf '%s\n' "download terminated." >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+# exit if already downloaded
+# we need it because directory timestamps work wierdly
+OUTPUT_DIR=${OUTPUT_DIR%/}
+if [ -d "${OUTPUT_DIR}" ]; then
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# find commands we need to securely download cosmocc
+if ! UNZIP=$(command -v unzip 2>/dev/null); then
+  printf '%s\n' "$0: fatal error: you need the unzip command" >&2
+  printf '%s\n' "please download https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/unzip and put it on the system path" >&2
+  abort
+fi
+if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  # can use system sha256sum
+  true
+elif command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  sha256sum() {
+    shasum -a 256 "$@"
+  }
+else
+  if [ ! -f build/sha256sum.c ]; then
+    printf '%s\n' "$0: fatal error: you need to install sha256sum" >&2
+    printf '%s\n' "please download https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/sha256sum and put it on the system path" >&2
+    abort
+  fi
+  if ! SHA256SUM=$(command -v "$PWD/o/build/sha256sum" 2>/dev/null); then
+    if ! CC=$(command -v "$CC" 2>/dev/null); then
+      if ! CC=$(command -v cc 2>/dev/null); then
+        if ! CC=$(command -v cosmocc 2>/dev/null); then
+          printf '%s\n' "$0: fatal error: you need to install either sha256sum, cc, or cosmocc" >&2
+          printf '%s\n' "please download https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/sha256sum and put it on the system path" >&2
+          abort
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+    mkdir -p o/build || abort
+    SHA256SUM="$PWD/o/build/sha256sum"
+    printf '%s\n' "${CC} -w -O2 -o ${SHA256SUM} build/sha256sum.c" >&2
+    "${CC}" -w -O2 -o "${SHA256SUM}.$$" build/sha256sum.c || abort
+    mv -f "${SHA256SUM}.$$" "${SHA256SUM}" || abort
+  fi
+  sha256sum() {
+    "${SHA256SUM}" "$@"
+  }
+fi
+if WGET=$(command -v wget 2>/dev/null); then
+  DOWNLOAD=$WGET
+  DOWNLOAD_ARGS=-O
+elif CURL=$(command -v curl 2>/dev/null); then
+  DOWNLOAD=$CURL
+  DOWNLOAD_ARGS=-fLo
+else
+  printf '%s\n' "$0: fatal error: you need to install either wget or curl" >&2
+  printf '%s\n' "please download https://cosmo.zip/pub/cosmos/bin/wget and put it on the system path" >&2
+  abort
+fi
+
+# create temporary output directory
+OLDPWD=$PWD
+OUTPUT_TMP="${OUTPUT_DIR}.tmp.$$/"
+mkdir -p "${OUTPUT_TMP}" || abort
+cd "${OUTPUT_TMP}"
+die() {
+  cd "${OLDPWD}"
+  rm -rf "${OUTPUT_TMP}"
+  abort
+}
+
+# download cosmocc toolchain
+# multiple urls avoids outages and national firewalls
+if ! "${DOWNLOAD}" ${DOWNLOAD_ARGS} cosmocc.zip "${URL1}"; then
+  rm -f cosmocc.zip
+  "${DOWNLOAD}" ${DOWNLOAD_ARGS} cosmocc.zip "${URL2}" || die
+fi
+printf '%s\n' "${COSMOCC_SHA256SUM} *cosmocc.zip" >cosmocc.zip.sha256sum
+sha256sum -c cosmocc.zip.sha256sum || die
+"${UNZIP}" cosmocc.zip || die
+rm -f cosmocc.zip cosmocc.zip.sha256sum
+
+# commit output directory
+cd "${OLDPWD}" || die
+mv "${OUTPUT_TMP}" "${OUTPUT_DIR}" || die

build/htags

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ set -- --regex-c='/_Atomic(\([^)]*\))/\1/b' "$@"
 set -- --regex-c='/^\(\(hidden\|extern\|const\) \)*[_[:alpha:]][_[:alnum:]]*[ *][ *]*\([_[:alpha:]][_[:alnum:]]*[ *][ *]*\)*\([_[:alpha:]][_$[:alnum:]]*\)/\4/b' "$@"
 
 # ctags doesn't understand function prototypes, e.g.
-#   bool isheap(void *p) dontthrow nocallback;
+#   bool isheap(void *p) dontthrow dontcallback;
 set -- --regex-c='/^[_[:alpha:]][_[:alnum:]]*[ *][ *]*\([_[:alpha:]][_[:alnum:]]*[ *][ *]*\)*\([_[:alpha:]][_$[:alnum:]]*\)(.*/\2/b' "$@"
 
 # ctags doesn't understand function pointers, e.g.
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ set -- --regex-c='/^extern [^(]*(\*const \([^)]*\))(/\1/b' "$@"
 #   struct WorstSoftwareEver;
 set -- --regex-c='/^struct.*;$/uehocruehcroue/b' "$@"
 
-exec $TAGS                                                        \
+build/run $TAGS                                                   \
      -e                                                           \
      --langmap=c:.c.h                                             \
      --exclude=libc/nt/struct/imagefileheader.internal.h          \

build/objdump

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ if [ -n "$OBJDUMP" ]; then
 fi
 
 find_objdump() {
-  if [ -x o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump ]; then
-    OBJDUMP=o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump
-  elif [ -x o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump ]; then
-    OBJDUMP=o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump
-  elif [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump" ]; then
-    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump"
-  elif [ -x "$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump" ]; then
-    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/o/third_party/gcc/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump"
+  if [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump ]; then
+    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump
+  elif [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump ]; then
+    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump" ]; then
+    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump"
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump" ]; then
+    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump"
   else
     echo "error: toolchain not found (try running 'cosmocc --update' or 'make' in the cosmo monorepo)" >&2
     exit 1

build/online.mk

@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@
 #   - tool/build/runit.c
 #   - tool/build/runitd.c
 
-.PRECIOUS: o/$(MODE)/%.com.ok
-o/$(MODE)/%.com.ok: private .PLEDGE = stdio rpath wpath cpath proc fattr inet
-o/$(MODE)/%.com.ok:				\
-		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/runit.com	\
-		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/runitd.com	\
-		o/$(MODE)/%.com
+.PRECIOUS: o/$(MODE)/%.ok
+o/$(MODE)/%.ok: private .PLEDGE = stdio rpath wpath cpath proc fattr inet dns
+o/$(MODE)/%.ok: private .UNVEIL += r:/etc/resolv.conf
+o/$(MODE)/%.ok:					\
+		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/runit	\
+		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/runitd	\
+		o/$(MODE)/%
 	@$(COMPILE) -wATEST -tT$@ $^ $(HOSTS)
 
 .PHONY:
-o/tiny/tool/build/runit.com:
+o/tiny/tool/build/runit:

build/rules.mk

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.h: %.c
 
 o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.cc
 	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.cxx $(OBJECTIFY.cxx) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
+	@$(COMPILE) -AFIXUPOBJ -wT$@ $(FIXUPOBJ) $@
+
+o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.cpp
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.cxx $(OBJECTIFY.cxx) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 
 o/$(MODE)/%.lds: %.lds
 	@$(COMPILE) -APREPROCESS $(PREPROCESS.lds) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
@@ -75,17 +79,17 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.pkg:
 	$(file >$(TMPSAFE).args,$(filter %.o,$^))
 	@$(COMPILE) -APACKAGE -wT$@ $(PKG) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $(addprefix -d,$(filter %.pkg,$^)) @$(TMPSAFE).args
 
-o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.py o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj.com
-	@$(COMPILE) -wAPYOBJ o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj.com $(PYFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.py o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj
+	@$(COMPILE) -wAPYOBJ o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj $(PYFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
-o/$(MODE)/%.pyc: %.py o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pycomp.com
-	@$(COMPILE) -wAPYCOMP o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pycomp.com $(PYCFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+o/$(MODE)/%.pyc: %.py o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pycomp
+	@$(COMPILE) -wAPYCOMP o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pycomp $(PYCFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
-o/$(MODE)/%.lua: %.lua o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac.com
-	@$(COMPILE) -wALUAC o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac.com -s -o $@ $<
+o/$(MODE)/%.lua: %.lua o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac
+	@$(COMPILE) -wALUAC o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac -s -o $@ $<
 
-o/$(MODE)/%.lua.runs: %.lua o/$(MODE)/tool/net/redbean.com
-	@$(COMPILE) -wALUA -tT$@ o/$(MODE)/tool/net/redbean.com $(LUAFLAGS) -i $<
+o/$(MODE)/%.lua.runs: %.lua o/$(MODE)/tool/net/redbean
+	@$(COMPILE) -wALUA -tT$@ o/$(MODE)/tool/net/redbean $(LUAFLAGS) -i $<
 
 ################################################################################
 # LOCAL UNIT TESTS
@@ -104,22 +108,22 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.lua.runs: %.lua o/$(MODE)/tool/net/redbean.com
 #
 # You could then run a command like:
 #
-#     make -j8 o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test.com.runs
+#     make -j8 o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test.runs
 #
 # You need PROT_EXEC permission since ftrace morphs the binary. It's
-# also worth mentioning that the pledge.com command can simulate what
+# also worth mentioning that the pledge command can simulate what
 # Landlock Make does:
 #
-#     o//tool/build/pledge.com \
+#     o//tool/build/pledge \
 #       -v. -p 'stdio rpath wpath cpath tty prot_exec' \
-#       o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test.com \
+#       o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test \
 #       ----ftrace
 #
 # This is useful in the event a test binary should run by itself, but
 # fails to run beneath Landlock Make. It's also useful sometimes to
 # override the verbosity when running tests:
 #
-#     make V=5 TESTARGS=-b o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test.com.runs
+#     make V=5 TESTARGS=-b o//test/libc/calls/openbsd_test.runs
 #
 # This way, if for some reason a test should fail but calls exit(0),
 # then the stdout/stderr output, which would normally be suppressed,
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.runs: o/$(MODE)/%
 ################################################################################
 # ELF ZIP FILES
 #
-# zipobj.com lets us do fast incremental linking of compressed data.
+# zipobj lets us do fast incremental linking of compressed data.
 # it's nice because if we link a hundred binaries that use the time zone
 # database, then that database only needs to be DEFLATE'd once.
 
@@ -179,23 +183,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.okk: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
 o/$(MODE)/%.okk: %
 	@$(COMPILE) -ACHECK.h $(COMPILE.cxx) -xc++ -g0 -o $@ $<
 
-################################################################################
-# EXECUTABLE HELPERS
-
-MAKE_SYMTAB_CREATE =				\
-	$(COMPILE) -wASYMTAB			\
-	o/$(MODE)/tool/build/symtab.com		\
-	-o $(TMPSAFE)/.symtab			\
-	$<
-
-MAKE_SYMTAB_ZIP =				\
-	$(COMPILE) -AZIP -T$@			\
-	o/$(MODE)/third_party/zip/zip.com	\
-	-b$(TMPDIR)				\
-	-9qj					\
-	$@					\
-	$(TMPSAFE)/.symtab
-
 ################################################################################
 # EMACS ASSEMBLY GENERATION
 

build/run

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-if printf '%s\n' "$*" | grep aarch64 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  if [ ! -f o/third_party/qemu/qemu-aarch64 ]; then
-    make -j8 o/third_party/qemu/qemu-aarch64
-  fi
-  exec o/third_party/qemu/qemu-aarch64 "$@"
+UNAMEM=$(uname -m)
+UNAMES=$(uname -s)
+if [ x"$UNAMES" = x"Darwin" ] && [ x"$UNAMEM" = x"arm64" ]; then
+  exec ape "$@"
 else
   exec "$@"
 fi

build/sha256sum.c

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│ vi: set et ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                               :vi │
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2022 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+// this file should not have dependencies, because everything will be
+// re-downloaded if the o/tool/sha256sum artifact becomes invalidated
+
+#define PROG "sha256sum"
+#define USAGE \
+  "\
+Usage: " PROG " [-?hbctw] [PATH...]\n\
+  -h          help\n\
+  -c          check mode\n\
+  -b          binary mode\n\
+  -t          textual mode\n\
+  -w          warning mode\n"
+
+#define ROTR(a, b)   (((a) >> (b)) | ((a) << (32 - (b))))
+#define CH(x, y, z)  (((x) & (y)) ^ (~(x) & (z)))
+#define MAJ(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) ^ ((x) & (z)) ^ ((y) & (z)))
+#define EP0(x)       (ROTR(x, 2) ^ ROTR(x, 13) ^ ROTR(x, 22))
+#define EP1(x)       (ROTR(x, 6) ^ ROTR(x, 11) ^ ROTR(x, 25))
+#define SIG0(x)      (ROTR(x, 7) ^ ROTR(x, 18) ^ ((x) >> 3))
+#define SIG1(x)      (ROTR(x, 17) ^ ROTR(x, 19) ^ ((x) >> 10))
+
+struct Sha256Ctx {
+  uint8_t data[64];
+  uint32_t datalen;
+  uint64_t bitlen;
+  uint32_t state[8];
+};
+
+static const uint32_t kSha256Tab[64] = {
+    0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5,  //
+    0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,  //
+    0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3,  //
+    0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,  //
+    0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc,  //
+    0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,  //
+    0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7,  //
+    0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,  //
+    0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13,  //
+    0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,  //
+    0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3,  //
+    0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,  //
+    0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5,  //
+    0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,  //
+    0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208,  //
+    0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2,  //
+};
+
+static bool g_warn;
+static char g_mode;
+static bool g_check;
+static int g_mismatches;
+
+static void Sha256Transform(uint32_t state[8], const uint8_t data[64]) {
+  unsigned i;
+  uint32_t a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, t1, t2, m[64];
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i, data += 4) {
+    m[i] = (uint32_t)data[0] << 24 | data[1] << 16 | data[2] << 8 | data[3];
+  }
+  for (; i < 64; ++i) {
+    m[i] = SIG1(m[i - 2]) + m[i - 7] + SIG0(m[i - 15]) + m[i - 16];
+  }
+  a = state[0];
+  b = state[1];
+  c = state[2];
+  d = state[3];
+  e = state[4];
+  f = state[5];
+  g = state[6];
+  h = state[7];
+  for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+    t1 = h + EP1(e) + CH(e, f, g) + kSha256Tab[i] + m[i];
+    t2 = EP0(a) + MAJ(a, b, c);
+    h = g;
+    g = f;
+    f = e;
+    e = d + t1;
+    d = c;
+    c = b;
+    b = a;
+    a = t1 + t2;
+  }
+  state[0] += a;
+  state[1] += b;
+  state[2] += c;
+  state[3] += d;
+  state[4] += e;
+  state[5] += f;
+  state[6] += g;
+  state[7] += h;
+}
+
+static void Sha256Init(struct Sha256Ctx *ctx) {
+  ctx->datalen = 0;
+  ctx->bitlen = 0;
+  ctx->state[0] = 0x6a09e667;
+  ctx->state[1] = 0xbb67ae85;
+  ctx->state[2] = 0x3c6ef372;
+  ctx->state[3] = 0xa54ff53a;
+  ctx->state[4] = 0x510e527f;
+  ctx->state[5] = 0x9b05688c;
+  ctx->state[6] = 0x1f83d9ab;
+  ctx->state[7] = 0x5be0cd19;
+}
+
+static void Sha256Update(struct Sha256Ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data,
+                         long size) {
+  long i;
+  for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+    ctx->data[ctx->datalen] = data[i];
+    ctx->datalen++;
+    if (ctx->datalen == 64) {
+      Sha256Transform(ctx->state, ctx->data);
+      ctx->bitlen += 512;
+      ctx->datalen = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void Sha256Final(struct Sha256Ctx *ctx, uint8_t *hash) {
+  long i;
+  i = ctx->datalen;
+  ctx->data[i++] = 0x80;
+  if (ctx->datalen < 56) {
+    memset(ctx->data + i, 0, 56 - i);
+  } else {
+    memset(ctx->data + i, 0, 64 - i);
+    Sha256Transform(ctx->state, ctx->data);
+    memset(ctx->data, 0, 56);
+  }
+  ctx->bitlen += ctx->datalen * 8;
+  ctx->data[63] = ctx->bitlen;
+  ctx->data[62] = ctx->bitlen >> 8;
+  ctx->data[61] = ctx->bitlen >> 16;
+  ctx->data[60] = ctx->bitlen >> 24;
+  ctx->data[59] = ctx->bitlen >> 32;
+  ctx->data[58] = ctx->bitlen >> 40;
+  ctx->data[57] = ctx->bitlen >> 48;
+  ctx->data[56] = ctx->bitlen >> 56;
+  Sha256Transform(ctx->state, ctx->data);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    hash[i] = (ctx->state[0] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 4] = (ctx->state[1] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 8] = (ctx->state[2] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 12] = (ctx->state[3] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 16] = (ctx->state[4] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 20] = (ctx->state[5] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 24] = (ctx->state[6] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+    hash[i + 28] = (ctx->state[7] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xff;
+  }
+}
+
+static char *FormatUint32(char *p, uint32_t x) {
+  char t;
+  size_t i, a, b;
+  i = 0;
+  do {
+    p[i++] = x % 10 + '0';
+    x = x / 10;
+  } while (x > 0);
+  p[i] = '\0';
+  if (i) {
+    for (a = 0, b = i - 1; a < b; ++a, --b) {
+      t = p[a];
+      p[a] = p[b];
+      p[b] = t;
+    }
+  }
+  return p + i;
+}
+
+static char *FormatInt32(char *p, int32_t x) {
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(uint32_t)x;
+  return FormatUint32(p, x);
+}
+
+static size_t StrCat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dsize) {
+  size_t m, n = dsize;
+  const char *p = dst;
+  const char *q = src;
+  while (n-- != 0 && *dst != '\0')
+    dst++;
+  m = dst - p;
+  n = dsize - m;
+  if (n-- == 0) {
+    return m + strlen(src);
+  }
+  while (*src != '\0') {
+    if (n != 0) {
+      *dst++ = *src;
+      n--;
+    }
+    src++;
+  }
+  *dst = '\0';
+  return m + (src - q);
+}
+
+static void GetOpts(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int opt;
+  g_mode = ' ';
+  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "?hbctw")) != -1) {
+    switch (opt) {
+      case 'w':
+        g_warn = true;
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+        g_check = true;
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        g_mode = ' ';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        g_mode = '*';
+        break;
+      case 'h':
+      case '?':
+        (void)write(1, USAGE, sizeof(USAGE) - 1);
+        exit(0);
+      default:
+        (void)write(2, USAGE, sizeof(USAGE) - 1);
+        exit(64);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void Write(int fd, const char *s, ...) {
+  va_list va;
+  char buf[512];
+  buf[0] = 0;
+  va_start(va, s);
+  do {
+    StrCat(buf, s, sizeof(buf));
+  } while ((s = va_arg(va, const char *)));
+  va_end(va);
+  (void)write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+}
+
+static bool IsModeCharacter(char c) {
+  switch (c) {
+    case ' ':
+    case '*':
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool IsSupportedPath(const char *path) {
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0;; ++i) {
+    switch (path[i]) {
+      case 0:
+        if (i)
+          return true;
+        // fallthrough
+      case '\r':
+      case '\n':
+      case '\\':
+        Write(2, PROG, ": ", path, ": unsupported path\n", NULL);
+        return false;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static bool GetDigest(const char *path, FILE *f, uint8_t digest[32]) {
+  size_t got;
+  uint8_t buf[512];
+  struct Sha256Ctx ctx;
+  Sha256Init(&ctx);
+  while ((got = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), f))) {
+    Sha256Update(&ctx, buf, got);
+  }
+  if (ferror(f)) {
+    Write(2, PROG, ": ", path, ": ", strerror(errno), "\n", NULL);
+    return false;
+  }
+  Sha256Final(&ctx, digest);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static char *CopyHex(char *s, const void *p, size_t n) {
+  const char *d, *e;
+  for (d = (const char *)p, e = d + n; d < e; ++d) {
+    *s++ = "0123456789abcdef"[(*d >> 4) & 15];
+    *s++ = "0123456789abcdef"[(*d >> 0) & 15];
+  }
+  *s = 0;
+  return s;
+}
+
+static bool ProduceDigest(const char *path, FILE *f) {
+  char hexdigest[65];
+  char mode[2] = {g_mode};
+  unsigned char digest[32];
+  if (!IsSupportedPath(path))
+    return false;
+  if (!GetDigest(path, f, digest))
+    return false;
+  CopyHex(hexdigest, digest, 32);
+  Write(1, hexdigest, " ", mode, path, "\n", NULL);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static char *Chomp(char *line) {
+  size_t i;
+  if (line) {
+    for (i = strlen(line); i--;) {
+      if (line[i] == '\r' || line[i] == '\n') {
+        line[i] = '\0';
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return line;
+}
+
+static int HexToInt(int c) {
+  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+    return c - '0';
+  } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
+    return c - 'a' + 10;
+  } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
+    return c - 'A' + 10;
+  } else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+static bool CheckDigests(const char *path, FILE *f) {
+  FILE *f2;
+  bool k = true;
+  int a, b, i, line;
+  const char *path2, *status;
+  uint8_t wantdigest[32], gotdigest[32];
+  char buf[64 + 2 + PATH_MAX + 1 + 1], *p;
+  for (line = 0; fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f); ++line) {
+    if (!*Chomp(buf))
+      continue;
+    for (p = buf, i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+      if ((a = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1)
+        goto InvalidLine;
+      if ((b = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1)
+        goto InvalidLine;
+      wantdigest[i] = a << 4 | b;
+    }
+    if (*p++ != ' ')
+      goto InvalidLine;
+    if (!IsModeCharacter(*p++))
+      goto InvalidLine;
+    path2 = p;
+    if (!*path2)
+      goto InvalidLine;
+    if (!IsSupportedPath(path2))
+      continue;
+    if ((f2 = fopen(path2, "rb"))) {
+      if (GetDigest(path2, f2, gotdigest)) {
+        if (!memcmp(wantdigest, gotdigest, 32)) {
+          status = "OK";
+        } else {
+          status = "FAILED";
+          ++g_mismatches;
+          k = false;
+        }
+        Write(1, path2, ": ", status, "\n", NULL);
+      } else {
+        k = false;
+      }
+      fclose(f2);
+    } else {
+      Write(2, PROG, ": ", path2, ": ", strerror(errno), "\n", NULL);
+      k = false;
+    }
+    continue;
+  InvalidLine:
+    if (g_warn) {
+      char linestr[12];
+      FormatInt32(linestr, line + 1);
+      Write(2, PROG, ": ", path, ":", linestr, ": ",
+            "improperly formatted checksum line", "\n", NULL);
+    }
+  }
+  if (ferror(f)) {
+    Write(2, PROG, ": ", path, ": ", strerror(errno), "\n", NULL);
+    k = false;
+  }
+  return k;
+}
+
+static bool Process(const char *path, FILE *f) {
+  if (g_check) {
+    return CheckDigests(path, f);
+  } else {
+    return ProduceDigest(path, f);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int i;
+  FILE *f;
+  bool k = true;
+  GetOpts(argc, argv);
+  if (optind == argc) {
+    f = stdin;
+    k &= Process("-", f);
+  } else {
+    for (i = optind; i < argc; ++i) {
+      if ((f = fopen(argv[i], "rb"))) {
+        k &= Process(argv[i], f);
+        fclose(f);
+      } else {
+        Write(2, PROG, ": ", argv[i], ": ", strerror(errno), "\n", NULL);
+        k = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (g_mismatches) {
+    char ibuf[12];
+    FormatInt32(ibuf, g_mismatches);
+    Write(2, PROG, ": WARNING: ", ibuf, " computed checksum did NOT match\n",
+          NULL);
+  }
+  return !k;
+}

ctl/.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+BasedOnStyle: Mozilla
+IndentWidth: 4
+ColumnLimit: 80
+---
+Language: Cpp
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AlignTrailingComments: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+---

ctl/BUILD.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#── vi: set noet ft=make ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi ────────────────────┘
+
+PKGS += CTL
+
+CTL_ARTIFACTS += CTL_A
+CTL = $(CTL_A_DEPS) $(CTL_A)
+CTL_A = o/$(MODE)/ctl/ctl.a
+CTL_A_FILES := $(wildcard ctl/*)
+CTL_A_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(CTL_A_FILES))
+CTL_A_SRCS = $(filter %.cc,$(CTL_A_FILES))
+CTL_A_OBJS = $(CTL_A_SRCS:%.cc=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+
+CTL_A_CHECKS =						\
+	$(CTL_A).pkg					\
+	$(CTL_A_HDRS:%=o/$(MODE)/%.okk)			\
+
+CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS =					\
+	LIBC_INTRIN					\
+	LIBC_MEM					\
+	LIBC_NEXGEN32E					\
+	LIBC_STDIO					\
+	LIBC_STR					\
+	THIRD_PARTY_DOUBLECONVERSION			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA				\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI				\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBUNWIND				\
+
+CTL_A_DEPS := $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x))))
+
+$(CTL_A):	ctl/					\
+		$(CTL_A).pkg				\
+		$(CTL_A_OBJS)
+
+$(CTL_A).pkg:						\
+		$(CTL_A_OBJS)				\
+		$(foreach x,$(CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)
+
+$(CTL_A_OBJS): private					\
+		OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS +=			\
+			-Wframe-larger-than=4096	\
+			-Walloca-larger-than=4096	\
+			-ffunction-sections		\
+			-fdata-sections			\
+			-fexceptions			\
+
+CTL_LIBS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)))
+CTL_SRCS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_SRCS))
+CTL_HDRS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_HDRS))
+CTL_CHECKS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
+CTL_OBJS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_OBJS))
+$(CTL_OBJS): $(BUILD_FILES) ctl/BUILD.mk
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ctl
+o/$(MODE)/ctl: $(CTL_CHECKS)

ctl/accumulate.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ACCUMULATE_H_
+#define CTL_ACCUMULATE_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt, class T>
+constexpr T
+accumulate(InputIt first, InputIt last, T init)
+{
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        init = init + *first;
+    return init;
+}
+
+template<class InputIt, class T, class BinaryOperation>
+constexpr T
+accumulate(InputIt first, InputIt last, T init, BinaryOperation op)
+{
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        init = op(init, *first);
+    return init;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ACCUMULATE_H_

ctl/add_lvalue_reference.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_H_
+#define CTL_ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct add_lvalue_reference
+{
+    typedef T& type;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<T&>
+{
+    typedef T& type;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<T&&>
+{
+    typedef T& type;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<void>
+{
+    typedef void type;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<const void>
+{
+    typedef const void type;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<volatile void>
+{
+    typedef volatile void type;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct add_lvalue_reference<const volatile void>
+{
+    typedef const volatile void type;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+using add_lvalue_reference_t = typename add_lvalue_reference<T>::type;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ADD_LVALUE_REFERENCE_H_

ctl/add_pointer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ADD_POINTER_H_
+#define CTL_ADD_POINTER_H_
+#include "remove_reference.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+// Primary template
+template<typename T>
+struct add_pointer
+{
+    typedef typename remove_reference<T>::type* type;
+};
+
+// Specialization for functions
+template<typename R, typename... Args>
+struct add_pointer<R(Args...)>
+{
+    typedef R (*type)(Args...);
+};
+
+// Specialization for function references
+template<typename R, typename... Args>
+struct add_pointer<R (&)(Args...)>
+{
+    typedef R (*type)(Args...);
+};
+
+// Specialization for rvalue references to functions
+template<typename R, typename... Args>
+struct add_pointer<R (&&)(Args...)>
+{
+    typedef R (*type)(Args...);
+};
+
+// Helper alias template (C++14 and later)
+template<typename T>
+using add_pointer_t = typename add_pointer<T>::type;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ADD_POINTER_H_

ctl/addressof.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ADDRESSOF_H_
+#define CTL_ADDRESSOF_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+T*
+addressof(T& arg) noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
+      &const_cast<char&>(reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>(arg)));
+}
+
+template<typename R, typename... Args>
+R (*addressof(R (*&arg)(Args...)) noexcept)
+(Args...)
+{
+    return arg;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+T*
+addressof(T&&) = delete;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ADDRESSOF_H_

ctl/advance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ADVANCE_H_
+#define CTL_ADVANCE_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt, class Distance>
+constexpr void
+advance(InputIt& it, Distance n)
+{
+    while (n > 0) {
+        --n;
+        ++it;
+    }
+    while (n < 0) {
+        ++n;
+        --it;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ADVANCE_H_

ctl/all_of.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ALL_OF_H_
+#define CTL_ALL_OF_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate>
+constexpr bool
+all_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
+{
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        if (!p(*first))
+            return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ALL_OF_H_

ctl/allocator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ALLOCATOR_H_
+#define CTL_ALLOCATOR_H_
+#include "bad_alloc.h"
+#include "integral_constant.h"
+#include "new.h"
+#include "utility.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+class allocator
+{
+  public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+    using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = ctl::true_type;
+    using is_always_equal = ctl::true_type;
+    using pointer = T*;
+    using const_pointer = const T*;
+    using reference = T&;
+    using const_reference = const T&;
+
+    constexpr allocator() noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr allocator(const allocator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    template<class U>
+    constexpr allocator(const allocator<U>&) noexcept
+    {
+    }
+
+    constexpr ~allocator() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] T* allocate(size_type n)
+    {
+        if (n > __SIZE_MAX__ / sizeof(T))
+            throw ctl::bad_alloc();
+        if (auto p = static_cast<T*>(::operator new(
+              n * sizeof(T), ctl::align_val_t(alignof(T)), ctl::nothrow)))
+            return p;
+        throw ctl::bad_alloc();
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(T* p, size_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        ::operator delete(p, n * sizeof(T), ctl::align_val_t(alignof(T)));
+    }
+
+    template<typename U, typename... Args>
+    void construct(U* p, Args&&... args)
+    {
+        ::new (static_cast<void*>(p)) U(ctl::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename U>
+    void destroy(U* p)
+    {
+        p->~U();
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return __SIZE_MAX__ / sizeof(T);
+    }
+
+    allocator& operator=(const allocator&) = default;
+
+    template<typename U>
+    struct rebind
+    {
+        using other = allocator<U>;
+    };
+};
+
+template<class T, class U>
+bool
+operator==(const allocator<T>&, const allocator<U>&) noexcept
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class U>
+bool
+operator!=(const allocator<T>&, const allocator<U>&) noexcept
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ALLOCATOR_H_

ctl/allocator_traits.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ALLOCATOR_TRAITS_H_
+#define CTL_ALLOCATOR_TRAITS_H_
+#include "integral_constant.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename Alloc>
+struct allocator_traits
+{
+    using allocator_type = Alloc;
+    using value_type = typename Alloc::value_type;
+    using pointer = typename Alloc::value_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const typename Alloc::value_type*;
+    using void_pointer = void*;
+    using const_void_pointer = const void*;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+
+    using propagate_on_container_copy_assignment = ctl::false_type;
+    using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = ctl::true_type;
+    using propagate_on_container_swap = ctl::false_type;
+    using is_always_equal = ctl::true_type;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    struct rebind_alloc
+    {
+        using other = typename Alloc::template rebind<T>::other;
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    using rebind_traits = allocator_traits<typename rebind_alloc<T>::other>;
+
+    static pointer allocate(Alloc& a, size_type n)
+    {
+        return a.allocate(n);
+    }
+
+    static void deallocate(Alloc& a, pointer p, size_type n)
+    {
+        a.deallocate(p, n);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    static void construct(Alloc& a, T* p, Args&&... args)
+    {
+        ::new ((void*)p) T(static_cast<Args&&>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static void destroy(Alloc& a, T* p)
+    {
+        p->~T();
+    }
+
+    static size_type max_size(const Alloc& a) noexcept
+    {
+        return a.max_size();
+    }
+
+    static Alloc select_on_container_copy_construction(const Alloc& a)
+    {
+        return a;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ALLOCATOR_TRAITS_H_

ctl/any_of.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ANY_OF_H_
+#define CTL_ANY_OF_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate>
+constexpr bool
+any_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
+{
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        if (p(*first))
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ANY_OF_H_

ctl/array.h

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ARRAY_H_
+#define CTL_ARRAY_H_
+#include "initializer_list.h"
+#include "out_of_range.h"
+#include "reverse_iterator.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+struct array
+{
+    using value_type = T;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+    using reference = value_type&;
+    using const_reference = const value_type&;
+    using pointer = value_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+    using iterator = value_type*;
+    using const_iterator = const value_type*;
+    using reverse_iterator = ctl::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
+    using const_reverse_iterator = ctl::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
+
+    T elems[N];
+
+    constexpr array() = default;
+
+    constexpr array(std::initializer_list<T> init)
+    {
+        auto it = init.begin();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < N && it != init.end(); ++i, ++it)
+            elems[i] = *it;
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference at(size_type pos)
+    {
+        if (pos >= N)
+            throw ctl::out_of_range();
+        return elems[pos];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reference at(size_type pos) const
+    {
+        if (pos >= N)
+            throw ctl::out_of_range();
+        return elems[pos];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference operator[](size_type pos)
+    {
+        if (pos >= N)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return elems[pos];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const
+    {
+        if (pos >= N)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return elems[pos];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference front()
+    {
+        return elems[0];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reference front() const
+    {
+        return elems[0];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference back()
+    {
+        return elems[N - 1];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reference back() const
+    {
+        return elems[N - 1];
+    }
+
+    constexpr T* data() noexcept
+    {
+        return elems;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T* data() const noexcept
+    {
+        return elems;
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return elems;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return elems;
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        return elems + N;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return elems + N;
+    }
+
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(end());
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(end());
+    }
+
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(begin());
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return begin();
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return end();
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return rbegin();
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return rend();
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return N == 0;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return N;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return N;
+    }
+
+    void fill(const T& value)
+    {
+        for (size_type i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            elems[i] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void swap(array& other) noexcept
+    {
+        for (size_type i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            T temp = elems[i];
+            elems[i] = other.elems[i];
+            other.elems[i] = temp;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator==(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        if (!(lhs[i] == rhs[i]))
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator!=(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator<(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        if (lhs[i] < rhs[i])
+            return true;
+        if (rhs[i] < lhs[i])
+            return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator<=(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    return !(rhs < lhs);
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator>(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    return rhs < lhs;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+bool
+operator>=(const array<T, N>& lhs, const array<T, N>& rhs)
+{
+    return !(lhs < rhs);
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+void
+swap(array<T, N>& lhs, array<T, N>& rhs) noexcept
+{
+    lhs.swap(rhs);
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ARRAY_H_

ctl/back_inserter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_BACK_INSERTER_H_
+#define CTL_BACK_INSERTER_H_
+#include "iterator.h"
+#include "utility.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class Container>
+class back_insert_iterator
+{
+  protected:
+    Container* container;
+
+  public:
+    using iterator_category = ctl::output_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = void;
+    using difference_type = void;
+    using pointer = void;
+    using reference = void;
+
+    explicit back_insert_iterator(Container& c) : container(&c)
+    {
+    }
+
+    back_insert_iterator& operator=(const typename Container::value_type& value)
+    {
+        container->push_back(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    back_insert_iterator& operator=(typename Container::value_type&& value)
+    {
+        container->push_back(ctl::move(value));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    back_insert_iterator& operator*()
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    back_insert_iterator& operator++()
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    back_insert_iterator operator++(int)
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class Container>
+back_insert_iterator<Container>
+back_inserter(Container& c)
+{
+    return back_insert_iterator<Container>(c);
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_BACK_INSERTER_H_

ctl/bad_alloc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_BAD_ALLOC_H_
+#define CTL_BAD_ALLOC_H_
+#include "exception.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+class bad_alloc : public ctl::exception
+{
+  public:
+    bad_alloc() noexcept = default;
+    ~bad_alloc() override = default;
+
+    const char* what() const noexcept override
+    {
+        return "ctl::bad_alloc";
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_BAD_ALLOC_H_

ctl/conditional.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_CONDITIONAL_H_
+#define CTL_CONDITIONAL_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<bool B, class T, class F>
+struct conditional
+{
+    typedef T type;
+};
+
+template<class T, class F>
+struct conditional<false, T, F>
+{
+    typedef F type;
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_CONDITIONAL_H_

ctl/copy.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_COPY_H_
+#define CTL_COPY_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt, class OutputIt>
+OutputIt
+copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first)
+{
+    while (first != last) {
+        *d_first = *first;
+        ++d_first;
+        ++first;
+    }
+    return d_first;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_COPY_H_

ctl/decay.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_DECAY_H_
+#define CTL_DECAY_H_
+#include "add_pointer.h"
+#include "conditional.h"
+#include "is_array.h"
+#include "is_function.h"
+#include "remove_cv.h"
+#include "remove_extent.h"
+#include "remove_reference.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct decay
+{
+  private:
+    typedef typename ctl::remove_reference<T>::type U;
+
+  public:
+    typedef typename ctl::conditional<
+      ctl::is_array<U>::value,
+      typename ctl::remove_extent<U>::type*,
+      typename ctl::conditional<ctl::is_function<U>::value,
+                                typename ctl::add_pointer<U>::type,
+                                typename ctl::remove_cv<U>::type>::type>::type
+      type;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+using decay_t = typename decay<T>::type;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_DECAY_H_

ctl/default_delete.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_DEFAULT_DELETE_H_
+#define CTL_DEFAULT_DELETE_H_
+#include "enable_if.h"
+#include "is_convertible.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct default_delete
+{
+    constexpr default_delete() noexcept = default;
+    template<typename U,
+             typename = typename ctl::enable_if<
+               ctl::is_convertible<U*, T*>::value>::type>
+    constexpr default_delete(const default_delete<U>&) noexcept
+    {
+    }
+    constexpr void operator()(T* const p) const noexcept
+    {
+        delete p;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct default_delete<T[]>
+{
+    constexpr default_delete() noexcept = default;
+    template<typename U,
+             typename = typename ctl::enable_if<
+               ctl::is_convertible<U (*)[], T (*)[]>::value>::type>
+    constexpr default_delete(const default_delete<U[]>&) noexcept
+    {
+    }
+    constexpr void operator()(T* const p) const noexcept
+    {
+        delete[] p;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_DEFAULT_DELETE_H_

ctl/distance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_DISTANCE_H_
+#define CTL_DISTANCE_H_
+#include "iterator.h"
+#include "iterator_traits.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIter>
+constexpr typename ctl::iterator_traits<InputIter>::difference_type
+distance_impl(InputIter first, InputIter last, input_iterator_tag)
+{
+    typename ctl::iterator_traits<InputIter>::difference_type res(0);
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        ++res;
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<class RandIter>
+constexpr typename ctl::iterator_traits<RandIter>::difference_type
+distance_impl(RandIter first, RandIter last, random_access_iterator_tag)
+{
+    return last - first;
+}
+
+template<class InputIter>
+constexpr typename ctl::iterator_traits<InputIter>::difference_type
+distance(InputIter first, InputIter last)
+{
+    return distance_impl(
+      first,
+      last,
+      typename ctl::iterator_traits<InputIter>::iterator_category());
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_DISTANCE_H_

ctl/dubble.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "dubble.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+const double_conversion::DoubleToStringConverter kDoubleToPrintfG(
+  double_conversion::DoubleToStringConverter::EMIT_POSITIVE_EXPONENT_SIGN |
+    double_conversion::DoubleToStringConverter::NO_TRAILING_ZERO,
+  "inf",
+  "nan",
+  'e',
+  -6,
+  10, // let 32-bit ints be represented without exponent
+  6,
+  0,
+  0);
+
+} // namespace ctl

ctl/dubble.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_DUBBLE_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_DUBBLE_H_
+#include "third_party/double-conversion/double-to-string.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+extern const double_conversion::DoubleToStringConverter kDoubleToPrintfG;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_DUBBLE_H_

ctl/enable_if.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_ENABLE_IF_H_
+#define CTL_ENABLE_IF_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<bool B, class T = void>
+struct enable_if
+{};
+
+template<class T>
+struct enable_if<true, T>
+{
+    typedef T type;
+};
+
+template<bool B, class T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename enable_if<B, T>::type;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_ENABLE_IF_H_

ctl/equal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_EQUAL_H_
+#define CTL_EQUAL_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2>
+bool
+equal(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2)
+{
+    for (; first1 != last1; ++first1, ++first2) {
+        if (!(*first1 == *first2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Overload that takes a predicate
+template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class BinaryPredicate>
+bool
+equal(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred)
+{
+    for (; first1 != last1; ++first1, ++first2) {
+        if (!pred(*first1, *first2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Overloads that take two ranges (C++14 and later)
+template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2>
+bool
+equal(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2, InputIt2 last2)
+{
+    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2) {
+        if (!(*first1 == *first2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return first1 == last1 && first2 == last2;
+}
+
+template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class BinaryPredicate>
+bool
+equal(InputIt1 first1,
+      InputIt1 last1,
+      InputIt2 first2,
+      InputIt2 last2,
+      BinaryPredicate pred)
+{
+    for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, ++first2) {
+        if (!pred(*first1, *first2)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return first1 == last1 && first2 == last2;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif /* CTL_EQUAL_H_ */

ctl/exception.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_EXCEPTION_H_
+#define CTL_EXCEPTION_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+class exception
+{
+  public:
+    exception() noexcept = default;
+    virtual ~exception() = default;
+
+    virtual const char* what() const noexcept
+    {
+        return "ctl::exception";
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_EXCEPTION_H_

ctl/fill.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_FILL_H_
+#define CTL_FILL_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename ForwardIt, typename T>
+void
+fill(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value)
+{
+    for (; first != last; ++first)
+        *first = value;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_FILL_H_

ctl/fill_n.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_FILL_N_H_
+#define CTL_FILL_N_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename OutputIt, typename Size, typename T>
+OutputIt
+fill_n(OutputIt first, Size count, const T& value)
+{
+    for (; count > 0; --count, ++first)
+        *first = value;
+    return first;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_FILL_N_H_

ctl/initializer_list.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_INITIALIZER_LIST
+#define _LIBCPP_INITIALIZER_LIST
+
+namespace std {
+
+template<class T>
+class initializer_list
+{
+    constexpr initializer_list(const T* b, size_t s) noexcept
+      : begin_(b), size_(s)
+    {
+    }
+
+  public:
+    typedef T value_type;
+    typedef const T& reference;
+    typedef const T& const_reference;
+    typedef size_t size_type;
+    typedef const T* iterator;
+    typedef const T* const_iterator;
+
+    constexpr initializer_list() noexcept : begin_(nullptr), size_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return size_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T* begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return begin_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T* end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return begin_ + size_;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const T* begin_;
+    size_t size_;
+};
+
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr const T*
+begin(initializer_list<T> i) noexcept
+{
+    return i.begin();
+}
+
+template<class T>
+inline constexpr const T*
+end(initializer_list<T> i) noexcept
+{
+    return i.end();
+}
+
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_INITIALIZER_LIST

ctl/integral_constant.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT_H_
+#define CTL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<class T, T v>
+struct integral_constant
+{
+    static constexpr T value = v;
+    typedef T value_type;
+    typedef integral_constant type;
+
+    constexpr operator value_type() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    constexpr value_type operator()() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+typedef integral_constant<bool, true> true_type;
+typedef integral_constant<bool, false> false_type;
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT_H_

ctl/ios.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "ios.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+ios::ios(FILE* file) : file_(file)
+{
+}
+
+ios::~ios() = default;
+
+ios&
+ios::operator=(ios&& other) noexcept
+{
+    if (this != &other) {
+        file_ = other.file_;
+        other.file_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl

ctl/ios.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=cpp ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef CTL_IOS_H_
+#define CTL_IOS_H_
+#include "ios_base.h"
+
+struct FILE;
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+class ios : public ios_base
+{
+  public:
+    explicit ios(FILE*);
+    virtual ~ios();
+
+  protected:
+    ios& operator=(ios&&) noexcept;
+    FILE* file_;
+
+  private:
+    ios(const ios&) = delete;
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // CTL_IOS_H_