Release Cosmopolitan v3.4.0

Make malloc() go 200x faster
If pthread_create() is linked into the binary, then the cosmo runtime will create an independent dlmalloc arena for each core. Whenever the malloc() function is used it will index `g_heaps[sched_getcpu() / 2]` to find the arena with the greatest hyperthread / numa locality. This may be configured via an environment variable. For example if you say `export COSMOPOLITAN_HEAP_COUNT=1` then you can restore the old ways. Your process may be configured to have anywhere between 1 - 128 heaps We need this revision because it makes multithreaded C++ applications faster. For example, an HTTP server I'm working on that makes extreme use of the STL went from 16k to 2000k requests per second, after this change was made. To understand why, try out the malloc_test benchmark which calls malloc() + realloc() in a loop across many threads, which sees a a 250x improvement in process clock time and 200x on wall time The tradeoff is this adds ~25ns of latency to individual malloc calls compared to MODE=tiny, once the cosmo runtime has transitioned into a fully multi-threaded state. If you don't need malloc() to be scalable then cosmo provides many options for you. For starters the heap count variable above can be set to put the process back in single heap mode plus you can go even faster still, if you include tinymalloc.inc like many of the programs in tool/build/.. are already doing since that'll shave tens of kb off your binary footprint too. Theres also MODE=tiny which is configured to use just 1 plain old dlmalloc arena by default Another tradeoff is we need more memory now (except in MODE=tiny), to track the provenance of memory allocation. This is so allocations can be freely shared across threads, and because OSes can reschedule code to different CPUs at any time.
2026-11-09 10:49:42 -10:00 · 2024-06-05 03:07:03 -07:00 · 2024-06-05 02:02:14 -07:00 · 2024-06-04 05:45:48 -07:00 · 2024-06-03 10:36:38 -07:00 · 2024-06-03 09:40:45 -07:00
3958 changed files with 242967 additions and 85292 deletions
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ AlignConsecutiveMacros: true
 AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
 AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
 KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: true
 ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
 IncludeBlocks: Merge
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Run this command to always ignore formatting commits in git blame
+# git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# Ran clang-format
+f032b5570b4cd87c6bb4abb54c0b98e69c939955
+# Applied clang-format update to repo
+6e6fc38935054db0534d5af4fb99c6193305b946
+# revert retabbing
+2b315626f3af765cdfbc61114647412cdb798b3a
+# more modeline errata
+3a8e01a77a7c97af0b16fb1651b230cee7f7d4c6
+# fix more vi modelines
+2fc507c98f53a76718f61f9a36602f86b5ac0cc9
+# flip et/noet in modelines
+e16a7d8f3b8f906c3ef76e79f57f3adfc7f25186
+# fix vi modelines
+394d998315f613a888cc6b6c051d4163bdf5cd6f
+# clang-format
+c0eacf2eb1e1c0b3bd4f71f12fef258f5b249c3f
+# ape-m1 formatting cleanup
+da8baf2aa5ce93b958aca90a0ae69f537806324b
+# Run clang-format on most sources
+369f9740de4534c28d0e81ab2afc99decbb9a3e6
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-{
-	"configurations": [
-		{
-			"name": "Win32",
-			"includePath": [
-				"${workspaceFolder}"
-			],
-			"cStandard": "c11",
-			"cppStandard": "c++11",
-			"forcedInclude": ["${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/vscode.h"],
-			"defines": [
-				"libcesque=",
-				"pureconst=",
-				"paramsnonnull(x)=",
-				"alignas(x)",
-				"alignof(x)",
-				"artificial=",
-				"__wur=",
-				"mayalias=",
-				"forceinline=",
-				"forcealign(x)=",
-				"scanfesque(x)=",
-				"strftimeesque(x)=",
-				"wontreturn=",
-				"textreal=",
-				"mallocesque=",
-				"callocesque=",
-				"vallocesque=",
-				"reallocesque=",
-				"strlenesque=",
-				"memcpyesque=",
-				"hasatleast=",
-				"noinline=",
-				"textexit=",
-				"returnstwice=",
-				"textwindows=",
-				"privileged=",
-				"dontinstrument=",
-				"nodebuginfo=",
-				"interruptfn=",
-				"optimizespeed=",
-				"forcealignargpointer=",
-				"dontasan=",
-				"dontubsan=",
-				"donothing=",
-				"nosideeffect=",
-				"unreachable=",,
-				"notpossible=",
-				"thatispacked=",
-				"dontthrow=",
-				"dontcallback=",
-				"relegated=",
-				"hidden=",
-				"textstartup=",
-				"returnsnonnull=",
-				"returnspointerwithnoaliases=",
-				"printfesque(x)=",
-				"attributeallocsize(x)=",
-				"returnsaligned(x)=",
-				"attributeallocalign(x)=",
-				"nullterminated(x)="
-			]
-		},
-		{
-			"name": "Linux",
-			"includePath": [
-				"${workspaceFolder}"
-			],
-			"cStandard": "gnu17",
-			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
-			"compilerArgs": [
-				"-Wall",
-				"-Werror",
-				"-fdebug-prefix-map=${workspaceFolder}=",
-				"-frecord-gcc-switches",
-				"-Wa,-W",
-				"-Wa,-I.",
-				"-Wa,--noexecstack",
-				"-Og",
-				"-g",
-				"-gdescribe-dies",
-				"-msse3",
-				"-mno-red-zone",
-				"-fno-math-errno",
-				"-fno-trapping-math",
-				"-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact",
-				"-fno-ident",
-				"-fno-common",
-				"-fno-gnu-unique",
-				"-fstrict-aliasing",
-				"-fstrict-overflow",
-				"-fno-semantic-interposition",
-				"-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer",
-				"-fno-jump-tables",
-				"-nostdinc",
-				"-iquote."
-			],
-			"forcedInclude": [
-				"libc/integral/normalize.inc"
-			],
-			"defines": [
-				"COSMO",
-				"MODE="
-			]
-		}
-	],
-	"version": 4
-}
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
-#include "libc/integral/normalize.inc"
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ endif

 ifneq ($(findstring aarch64,$(MODE)),)
 ARCH = aarch64
-HOSTS ?= pi pi5 studio freebsdarm
+HOSTS ?= pi studio freebsdarm
 else
 ARCH = x86_64
 HOSTS ?= freebsd rhel7 xnu openbsd netbsd win10
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ export MODE
 export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
 export TMPDIR

-COSMOCC = .cosmocc/3.3.2
+COSMOCC = .cosmocc/3.3.5
 TOOLCHAIN = $(COSMOCC)/bin/$(ARCH)-linux-cosmo-
-DOWNLOAD := $(shell build/download-cosmocc.sh $(COSMOCC) 3.3.2 a695012ffbeac5e26e3c4a740debc15273f47e9a8bdc55e8b76a623154d5914b)
+DOWNLOAD := $(shell build/download-cosmocc.sh $(COSMOCC) 3.3.5 db78fd8d3f8706e9dff4be72bf71d37a3f12062f212f407e1c33bc4af3780dd0)

 AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)as
 CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ all:	o
 o:	o/$(MODE)
 o/$(MODE):			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape		\
+	o/$(MODE)/ctl		\
 	o/$(MODE)/dsp		\
 	o/$(MODE)/net		\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc		\
@@ -255,10 +256,11 @@ include third_party/nsync/mem/BUILD.mk		# │  You can now use stdio
 include libc/proc/BUILD.mk			# │  You can now use threads
 include libc/dlopen/BUILD.mk			# │  You can now use processes
 include libc/thread/BUILD.mk			# │  You can finally call malloc()
+include ctl/BUILD.mk				# │
 include third_party/zlib/BUILD.mk		# │
 include libc/stdio/BUILD.mk			# │
 include tool/hello/BUILD.mk			# │
-include libc/time/BUILD.mk			# │
+include third_party/tz/BUILD.mk			# │
 include net/BUILD.mk				# │
 include third_party/vqsort/BUILD.mk		# │
 include libc/log/BUILD.mk			# │
@@ -299,6 +301,7 @@ include tool/viz/lib/BUILD.mk
 include tool/args/BUILD.mk
 include test/math/BUILD.mk
 include test/posix/BUILD.mk
+include test/ctl/BUILD.mk
 include test/libcxx/BUILD.mk
 include test/tool/args/BUILD.mk
 include third_party/linenoise/BUILD.mk
@@ -362,7 +365,6 @@ include test/libc/fmt/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/time/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/proc/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/stdio/BUILD.mk
-include test/libc/release/BUILD.mk
 include test/libc/BUILD.mk
 include test/net/http/BUILD.mk
 include test/net/https/BUILD.mk
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =			\
 	LIBC_X				\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT		\
 	LIBC_LOG			\
-	LIBC_TIME			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_TZ			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_OPENMP		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB_GZ		\
@@ -452,6 +454,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =			\
 	LIBC_THREAD			\
 	LIBC_PROC			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MEM		\
+	CTL				\
 	LIBC_MEM			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC		\
 	LIBC_DLOPEN			\
@@ -505,7 +508,6 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\
 	LIBC_STR			\
 	LIBC_SYSV			\
 	LIBC_THREAD			\
-	LIBC_TIME			\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH			\
 	LIBC_X				\
 	LIBC_VGA			\
@@ -521,6 +523,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS =			\

 COSMOCC_PKGS =				\
 	$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS)		\
+	CTL				\
 	THIRD_PARTY_AARCH64		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXX		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI		\
@@ -543,15 +546,6 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_H_ROOT_HDRS =						\
 	libc/integral/normalize.inc					\
 	$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))

-o/cosmopolitan.h.txt: Makefile
-	$(file >$@, $(call uniq,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_ROOT_HDRS)))
-
-o/cosmopolitan.h: o/cosmopolitan.h.txt					\
-		$(wildcard libc/integral/*)				\
-		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))	\
-		$(foreach x,$(COSMOPOLITAN_H_PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
-	@$(COMPILE) -AROLLUP -T$@ build/bootstrap/rollup @$< >>$@
-
 o/cosmopolitan.html: private .UNSANDBOXED = 1
 o/cosmopolitan.html:							\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.dbg		\
@@ -573,7 +567,6 @@ $(SRCS):					\

 ifeq ($(ARCH), x86_64)
 TOOLCHAIN_ARTIFACTS =				\
-	o/cosmopolitan.h			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
 	o/$(MODE)/libc/crt/crt.o		\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
@@ -254,7 +254,24 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE_CHECKS)			\
 endif

 # these assembly files are safe to build on aarch64
-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o: ape/ape.S
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o:				\
+		ape/ape.S			\
+		ape/ape.h			\
+		libc/dce.h			\
+		libc/elf/def.h			\
+		ape/relocations.h		\
+		libc/thread/tls.h		\
+		ape/ape.internal.h		\
+		ape/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/macho.internal.h		\
+		libc/macros.internal.h		\
+		libc/sysv/consts/prot.h		\
+		libc/nt/pedef.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/pc.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/e820.internal.h	\
+		libc/runtime/mman.internal.h	\
+		libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h	\
+		libc/calls/metalfile.internal.h
 	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<

 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:				\
@@ -293,7 +293,6 @@ _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tls_align = MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss));
-
-ASSERT(ALIGNOF(.tdata) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT && ALIGNOF(.tbss) <= TLS_ALIGNMENT,
-       "_Thread_local _Alignof can't exceed TLS_ALIGNMENT");
+_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
+_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/random.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 /* maximum path size that cosmo can take */
 #define PATHSIZE       (PATH_MAX < 1024 ? PATH_MAX : 1024)
 #define SYSLIB_MAGIC   ('s' | 'l' << 8 | 'i' << 16 | 'b' << 24)
-#define SYSLIB_VERSION 9 /* sync with libc/runtime/syslib.internal.h */
+#define SYSLIB_VERSION 10 /* sync with libc/runtime/syslib.internal.h */

 struct Syslib {
  int magic;
@@ -106,6 +108,10 @@ struct Syslib {
     OPTIONAL (cosmo lib should check __syslib->version) */
  /* v9 (2024-01-31) */
  int (*pthread_cpu_number_np)(size_t *);
+  /* v10 (2024-05-02) */
+  long (*sysctl)(int *, u_int, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+  long (*sysctlbyname)(const char *, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+  long (*sysctlnametomib)(const char *, int *, size_t *);
 };

 #define ELFCLASS32                  1
@@ -140,6 +146,9 @@ struct Syslib {
 #define AT_RANDOM                   25
 #define AT_EXECFN                   31

+#define EF_APE_MODERN      0x101ca75
+#define EF_APE_MODERN_MASK 0x1ffffff
+
 #define AUXV_WORDS 31

 /* from the xnu codebase */
@@ -148,8 +157,8 @@ struct Syslib {
 #define _COMM_PAGE_APRR_WRITE_ENABLE  (_COMM_PAGE_START_ADDRESS + 0x110)
 #define _COMM_PAGE_APRR_WRITE_DISABLE (_COMM_PAGE_START_ADDRESS + 0x118)

-#define MIN(X, Y) ((Y) > (X) ? (X) : (Y))
-#define MAX(X, Y) ((Y) < (X) ? (X) : (Y))
+#define Min(X, Y) ((Y) > (X) ? (X) : (Y))
+#define Max(X, Y) ((Y) < (X) ? (X) : (Y))

 #define READ32(S)                                                      \
  ((unsigned)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
@@ -221,13 +230,15 @@ struct ApeLoader {

 static unsigned long StrLen(const char *s) {
  unsigned long n = 0;
-  while (*s++) ++n;
+  while (*s++)
+    ++n;
  return n;
 }

 static int StrCmp(const char *l, const char *r) {
  unsigned long i = 0;
-  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i]) ++i;
+  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i])
+    ++i;
  return (l[i] & 255) - (r[i] & 255);
 }

@@ -276,7 +287,8 @@ static char *Utoa(char p[21], unsigned long x) {
 }

 static char *Itoa(char p[21], long x) {
-  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
  return Utoa(p, x);
 }

@@ -312,7 +324,8 @@ static int GetIndirectOffset(const char *arg0) {
 static void Perror(const char *thing, long rc, const char *reason) {
  char ibuf[21];
  ibuf[0] = 0;
-  if (rc) Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
+  if (rc)
+    Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
  Print(2, "ape error: ", thing, ": ", reason, rc ? " failed w/ errno " : "",
        ibuf, "\n", 0l);
 }
@@ -327,7 +340,8 @@ static char AccessCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps, unsigned long pathlen) {
  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) {
    return 0;
  }
-  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/') ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
+  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/')
+    ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
  memmove(ps->path + pathlen, ps->name, ps->namelen);
  ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
  return !access(ps->path, X_OK);
@@ -377,8 +391,10 @@ static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, const char *name,
                      const char *syspath) {
  ps->syspath = syspath ? syspath : "/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin";
  ps->name = name;
-  if (!(ps->namelen = ps->indirect ? ps->indirect : StrLen(ps->name))) return 0;
-  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
+  if (!(ps->namelen = ps->indirect ? ps->indirect : StrLen(ps->name)))
+    return 0;
+  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
  if (FindCommand(ps)) {
    return ps->path;
  } else {
@@ -545,6 +561,20 @@ static long sys_pselect(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
  return sysret(pselect(nfds, readfds, writefds, errorfds, timeout, sigmask));
 }

+static long sys_sysctl(int *name, u_int namelen, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
+                       void *newp, size_t newlen) {
+  return sysret(sysctl(name, namelen, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen));
+}
+
+static long sys_sysctlbyname(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp,
+                             void *newp, size_t newlen) {
+  return sysret(sysctlbyname(name, oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen));
+}
+
+static long sys_sysctlnametomib(const char *name, int *mibp, size_t *sizep) {
+  return sysret(sysctlnametomib(name, mibp, sizep));
+}
+
 __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
                                                long *sp, struct ElfEhdr *e,
                                                struct ElfPhdr *p,
@@ -585,10 +615,11 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
    a = p[i].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
    b = (p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
    for (j = i + 1; j < e->e_phnum; ++j) {
-      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+        continue;
      c = p[j].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
      d = (p[j].p_vaddr + p[j].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
-      if (MAX(a, c) < MIN(b, d)) {
+      if (Max(a, c) < Min(b, d)) {
        Pexit(exe, 0, "ELF segments overlap each others virtual memory");
      }
    }
@@ -614,7 +645,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
  if (e->e_type == ET_DYN) {
    rc = sys_mmap(0, virtmax - virtmin, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                  -1, 0);
-    if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "pie mmap");
+    if (rc < 0)
+      Pexit(exe, rc, "pie mmap");
    dynbase = rc;
    if (dynbase & (pagesz - 1)) {
      Pexit(exe, 0, "OS mmap incongruent w/ AT_PAGESZ");
@@ -630,14 +662,18 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
  for (i = 0; i < e->e_phnum; ++i) {
    void *addr;
    unsigned long size;
-    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      continue;

    /* configure mapping */
    prot = 0;
    flags = MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R) prot |= PROT_READ;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W) prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X) prot |= PROT_EXEC;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R)
+      prot |= PROT_READ;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W)
+      prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X)
+      prot |= PROT_EXEC;

    /* load from file */
    if (p[i].p_filesz) {
@@ -657,7 +693,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
      a = p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_filesz; /* end of file content */
      b = (a + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz; /* first pure bss page */
      c = p[i].p_vaddr + p[i].p_memsz;  /* end of segment data */
-      wipe = MIN(b - a, c - a);
+      wipe = Min(b - a, c - a);
      if (wipe && (~prot1 & PROT_WRITE)) {
        prot1 = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
      }
@@ -687,24 +723,30 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
           as the default strategy which is slow but it works for both */
        rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, (prot1 = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE),
                      MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap anon");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap anon");
        rc = pread(fd, addr, p[i].p_filesz, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz);
-        if (rc != p[i].p_filesz) Pexit(exe, -errno, "prog pread");
+        if (rc != p[i].p_filesz)
+          Pexit(exe, -errno, "prog pread");
 #endif
      } else {
        rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mmap");
      }
-      if (wipe) memset((void *)(dynbase + a), 0, wipe);
+      if (wipe)
+        memset((void *)(dynbase + a), 0, wipe);
      if (prot2 != prot1) {
        rc = sys_mprotect(addr, size, prot2);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
      }
      /* allocate extra bss */
      if (c > b) {
        flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
        rc = sys_mmap((void *)(dynbase + b), c - b, prot, flags, -1, 0);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
      }
    } else {
      /* allocate pure bss */
@@ -712,7 +754,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
      size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_memsz;
      flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
      rc = sys_mmap(addr, size, prot, flags, -1, 0);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(exe, rc, "bss mmap");
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(exe, rc, "bss mmap");
    }
  }

@@ -759,7 +802,7 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(const char *exe, int fd,
 }

 static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
-                          const char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
+                          char *exe, int fd, long *sp, long *auxv,
                          char *execfn) {
  long i, rc;
  unsigned size;
@@ -780,6 +823,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
  if (e->e_machine != EM_AARCH64) {
    return "couldn't find ELF header with ARM64 machine type";
  }
+  if ((e->e_flags & EF_APE_MODERN_MASK) != EF_APE_MODERN && sp[0] > 0) {
+    /* change argv[0] to resolved path for older binaries */
+    ((char **)(sp + 1))[0] = exe;
+  }
  if (e->e_phentsize != sizeof(struct ElfPhdr)) {
    Pexit(exe, 0, "e_phentsize is wrong");
  }
@@ -790,8 +837,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,

  /* read program headers */
  rc = pread(fd, M->phdr.buf, size, ebuf->ehdr.e_phoff);
-  if (rc < 0) return "failed to read ELF program headers";
-  if (rc != size) return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return "failed to read ELF program headers";
+  if (rc != size)
+    return "truncated read of ELF program headers";

  /* bail on recoverable program header errors */
  p = &M->phdr.phdr;
@@ -948,6 +997,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
  M->lib.dlclose = dlclose;
  M->lib.dlerror = dlerror;
  M->lib.pthread_cpu_number_np = pthread_cpu_number_np;
+  M->lib.sysctl = sys_sysctl;
+  M->lib.sysctlbyname = sys_sysctlbyname;
+  M->lib.sysctlnametomib = sys_sysctlnametomib;

  /* getenv("_") is close enough to at_execfn */
  execfn = 0;
@@ -970,7 +1022,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
     grows down the alloc by poking the guard pages */
  n = (auxv - sp + AUXV_WORDS + 1) * sizeof(long);
  sp2 = (long *)__builtin_alloca(n);
-  if ((long)sp2 & 15) ++sp2;
+  if ((long)sp2 & 15)
+    ++sp2;
  for (; n > 0; n -= pagesz) {
    ((char *)sp2)[n - 1] = 0;
  }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
-│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                 :vi │
+│ vi: set noet ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 nofixeol                        :vi │
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ ape_mz:
 	.quad	ape_elf_entry			//  18: e_entry
 	.quad	ape_elf_phoff			//  20: e_phoff
 	.quad	ape_elf_shoff			//  28: e_shoff
-	.long	0				//  30: e_flags
+	.long	0x101ca75			//  30: ape e_flags
 	.short	64				//  34: e_ehsize
 	.short	56				//  36: e_phentsize
 	.short	ape_elf_phnum			//  38: e_phnum
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"\n@\n#'\"\n"			// sixth edition shebang
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_entry,8		//  18: e_entry
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phoff,8		//  20: e_phoff
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_shoff,8		//  28: e_shoff
-	.ascii	    "\\0\\0\\0\\0"		//  30: e_flags
+	.ascii	    "\\165\\312\\1\\1"		//  30: ape e_flags
 	.ascii	    "\\100\\0"			//  34: e_ehsize
 	.ascii	    "\\070\\0"			//  36: e_phentsize
 	.shstub	    ape_elf_phnum,2		//  38: e_phnum
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ ape_pe:	.ascin	"PE",4
 	.quad	ape_pe_base		// ImageBase
 	.long	ape_pe_sectionalignment	// SectionAlignment
 	.long	ape_pe_filealignment	// FileAlignment
-	.short	v_ntversion		// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
+	.short	10			// MajorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorOperatingSystemVersion
 	.short	0			// MajorImageVersion
 	.short	0			// MinorImageVersion
@@ -553,7 +553,9 @@ _tdata_size = _tdata_end - _tdata_start;
 _tbss_size = _tbss_end - _tbss_start;
 _tbss_offset = _tbss_start - _tdata_start;
 _tls_content = (_tdata_end - _tdata_start) + (_tbss_end - _tbss_start);
-_tls_align = 1;
+_tdata_align = ALIGNOF(.tdata);
+_tbss_align = ALIGNOF(.tbss);
+_tls_align = MAX(TLS_ALIGNMENT, MAX(ALIGNOF(.tdata), ALIGNOF(.tbss)));

 ape_cod_offset = 0;
 ape_cod_vaddr = ADDR(.head);
@@ -713,7 +715,6 @@ ape_idataz = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_iat) : 0;
 ape_idata_iatsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_iatend - ape_idata_iat : 0;
 ape_idata = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_idt) : 0;
 ape_idata_idtsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_idtend - ape_idata_idt : 0;
-v_ntversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 1;
 v_ntdllchar = LINK_WINDOWS ? 288 : 0;
 v_ntsubversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 5;
 v_ntsubsystem = (LINK_WINDOWS
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ if [ ! -f ape/loader.c ]; then
  cd "$COSMO" || exit
 fi

-if [ -x build/bootstrap/make.com ]; then
-  MAKE=build/bootstrap/make.com
+if [ -x build/bootstrap/make ]; then
+  MAKE=build/bootstrap/make
 else
  MAKE=make
 fi
@@ -137,13 +137,20 @@ if [ x"$(uname -s)" = xLinux ]; then
    echo done >&2
  fi

+  uname_r="$(uname -r)"
+  if printf '%s\n%s\n' 5.12 "$uname_r" | sort -CV; then
+    FLAGS=FP
+  else
+    FLAGS=F
+  fi
+
  echo >&2
  echo registering APE with binfmt_misc >&2
  echo you may need to edit configs to persist across reboot >&2
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
-  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
-  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE:M::MZqFpD::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
+  echo '$SUDO sh -c "echo '"'"':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:'"$FLAGS'"' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register"' >&2
+  $SUDO sh -c "echo ':APE-jart:M::jartsr::/usr/bin/ape:$FLAGS' >/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" || exit
  echo done >&2

  if [ x"$(cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status)" = xdisabled ]; then
@@ -152,6 +152,9 @@
 #define PR_SET_MM                   35
 #define PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE          13

+#define EF_APE_MODERN      0x101ca75
+#define EF_APE_MODERN_MASK 0x1ffffff
+
 #define READ32(S)                                                      \
  ((unsigned)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
   (unsigned)(255 & (S)[1]) << 010 | (unsigned)(255 & (S)[0]) << 000)
@@ -228,13 +231,15 @@ extern char _end[];

 static unsigned long StrLen(const char *s) {
  unsigned long n = 0;
-  while (*s++) ++n;
+  while (*s++)
+    ++n;
  return n;
 }

 static int StrCmp(const char *l, const char *r) {
  unsigned long i = 0;
-  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i]) ++i;
+  while (l[i] == r[i] && r[i])
+    ++i;
  return (l[i] & 255) - (r[i] & 255);
 }

@@ -353,7 +358,8 @@ static char *Utoa(char p[20], unsigned long x) {
 }

 static char *Itoa(char p[21], long x) {
-  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(unsigned long)x;
  return Utoa(p, x);
 }

@@ -362,7 +368,8 @@ __attribute__((__noinline__)) static long CallSystem(long arg1, long arg2,
                                                     long arg5, long arg6,
                                                     long arg7, int numba,
                                                     char os) {
-  if (IsXnu()) numba |= 0x2000000;
+  if (IsXnu())
+    numba |= 0x2000000;
  return SystemCall(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, numba);
 }

@@ -529,7 +536,8 @@ static long Printf(int os, int fd, const char *fmt, ...) {
        switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
          case 's':
            for (s = __builtin_va_arg(va, const char *); s && *s; ++s) {
-              if (k < 512) b[k++] = *s;
+              if (k < 512)
+                b[k++] = *s;
            }
            break;
          case 'd':
@@ -542,16 +550,19 @@ static long Printf(int os, int fd, const char *fmt, ...) {
                u -= 10;
                c = 'a' + u;
              }
-              if (k < 512) b[k++] = c;
+              if (k < 512)
+                b[k++] = c;
            }
            break;
          default:
-            if (k < 512) b[k++] = c;
+            if (k < 512)
+              b[k++] = c;
            break;
        }
        break;
      default:
-        if (k < 512) b[k++] = c;
+        if (k < 512)
+          b[k++] = c;
        break;
    }
  }
@@ -560,7 +571,8 @@ static long Printf(int os, int fd, const char *fmt, ...) {
 static void Perror(int os, const char *thing, long rc, const char *reason) {
  char ibuf[21];
  ibuf[0] = 0;
-  if (rc) Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
+  if (rc)
+    Itoa(ibuf, -rc);
  Print(os, 2, "ape error: ", thing, ": ", reason,
        rc ? " failed w/ errno " : "", ibuf, "\n", 0l);
 }
@@ -572,8 +584,10 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Pexit(int os, const char *c, int rc,
 }

 static char AccessCommand(struct PathSearcher *ps, unsigned long pathlen) {
-  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
-  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/') ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
+  if (pathlen + 1 + ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
+  if (pathlen && ps->path[pathlen - 1] != '/')
+    ps->path[pathlen++] = '/';
  MemMove(ps->path + pathlen, ps->name, ps->namelen);
  ps->path[pathlen + ps->namelen] = 0;
  return !Access(ps->path, X_OK, ps->os);
@@ -600,11 +614,14 @@ static char SearchPath(struct PathSearcher *ps) {

 static char *Commandv(struct PathSearcher *ps, int os, char *name,
                      const char *syspath) {
-  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name)))) return 0;
-  if (ps->literally || MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen)) return name;
+  if (!(ps->namelen = StrLen((ps->name = name))))
+    return 0;
+  if (ps->literally || MemChr(ps->name, '/', ps->namelen))
+    return name;
  ps->os = os;
  ps->syspath = syspath ? syspath : "/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin";
-  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path)) return 0;
+  if (ps->namelen + 1 > sizeof(ps->path))
+    return 0;
  ps->path[0] = 0;
  if (SearchPath(ps)) {
    return ps->path;
@@ -661,7 +678,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
      Pexit(os, exe, 0, "ELF segments overlap your APE loader");
    }
    for (j = i + 1; j < e->e_phnum; ++j) {
-      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+      if (p[j].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+        continue;
      c = p[j].p_vaddr & -pagesz;
      d = (p[j].p_vaddr + p[j].p_memsz + (pagesz - 1)) & -pagesz;
      if (MAX(a, c) < MIN(b, d)) {
@@ -694,7 +712,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
  if (e->e_type == ET_DYN) {
    rc = Mmap(0, virtmax - virtmin, PROT_NONE,
              MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE, -1, 0, os);
-    if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
+    if (rc < 0)
+      Pexit(os, exe, rc, "pie mmap");
    dynbase = rc;
    if (dynbase & (pagesz - 1)) {
      Pexit(os, exe, 0, "OS mmap incongruent w/ AT_PAGESZ");
@@ -710,14 +729,18 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
  for (i = 0; i < e->e_phnum; ++i) {
    void *addr;
    unsigned long size;
-    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) continue;
+    if (p[i].p_type != PT_LOAD)
+      continue;

    /* configure mapping */
    prot = 0;
    flags = MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R) prot |= PROT_READ;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W) prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X) prot |= PROT_EXEC;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_R)
+      prot |= PROT_READ;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_W)
+      prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+    if (p[i].p_flags & PF_X)
+      prot |= PROT_EXEC;

    if (p[i].p_filesz) {
      /* load from file */
@@ -744,17 +767,21 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
      addr = (void *)(dynbase + (p[i].p_vaddr & -pagesz));
      size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_filesz;
      rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot1, flags, fd, p[i].p_offset & -pagesz, os);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
-      if (wipe) Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mmap");
+      if (wipe)
+        Bzero((void *)(dynbase + a), wipe);
      if (prot2 != prot1) {
        rc = Mprotect(addr, size, prot2, os);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "prog mprotect");
      }
      /* allocate extra bss */
      if (c > b) {
        flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
        rc = Mmap((void *)(dynbase + b), c - b, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-        if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
+        if (rc < 0)
+          Pexit(os, exe, rc, "extra bss mmap");
      }
    } else {
      /* allocate pure bss */
@@ -762,7 +789,8 @@ __attribute__((__noreturn__)) static void Spawn(int os, char *exe, int fd,
      size = (p[i].p_vaddr & (pagesz - 1)) + p[i].p_memsz;
      flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
      rc = Mmap(addr, size, prot, flags, -1, 0, os);
-      if (rc < 0) Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
+      if (rc < 0)
+        Pexit(os, exe, rc, "bss mmap");
    }
  }

@@ -783,7 +811,8 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
  struct ElfPhdr *p;

  /* validate page size */
-  if (!pagesz) pagesz = 4096;
+  if (!pagesz)
+    pagesz = 4096;
  if (pagesz & (pagesz - 1)) {
    Pexit(os, exe, 0, "AT_PAGESZ isn't two power");
  }
@@ -808,6 +837,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,
    return "couldn't find ELF header with x86-64 machine type";
  }
 #endif
+  if ((e->e_flags & EF_APE_MODERN_MASK) != EF_APE_MODERN && sp[0] > 0) {
+    /* change argv[0] to resolved path for older binaries */
+    ((char **)(sp + 1))[0] = exe;
+  }
  if (e->e_phentsize != sizeof(struct ElfPhdr)) {
    Pexit(os, exe, 0, "e_phentsize is wrong");
  }
@@ -818,8 +851,10 @@ static const char *TryElf(struct ApeLoader *M, union ElfEhdrBuf *ebuf,

  /* read program headers */
  rc = Pread(fd, M->phdr.buf, size, e->e_phoff, os);
-  if (rc < 0) return "failed to read ELF program headers";
-  if (rc != size) return "truncated read of ELF program headers";
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return "failed to read ELF program headers";
+  if (rc != size)
+    return "truncated read of ELF program headers";

  /* bail on recoverable program header errors */
  p = &M->phdr.phdr;
@@ -949,7 +984,8 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,

  /* determine ape loader program name */
  ape = argv[0];
-  if (!ape) ape = "ape";
+  if (!ape)
+    ape = "ape";

  /* detect openbsd */
  if (SupportsOpenbsd() && !os && !auxv[0]) {
@@ -1021,7 +1057,8 @@ EXTERN_C __attribute__((__noreturn__)) void ApeLoader(long di, long *sp,
     grows down the alloc by poking the guard pages */
  n = (endp - sp + 1) * sizeof(long);
  sp2 = (long *)__builtin_alloca(n);
-  if ((long)sp2 & 15) ++sp2;
+  if ((long)sp2 & 15)
+    ++sp2;
  for (; n > 0; n -= pagesz) {
    ((char *)sp2)[n - 1] = 0;
  }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
 #define SHSTUB2(SYM, X)             \
  HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs0 = BCD_LEFT(X)); \
  HIDDEN(SYM##_bcs1 = BCD_RIGHT(X))
-#define BCD_SMEAR(X) ((X) + (X) * 10000)
+#define BCD_SMEAR(X) ((X) + (X)*10000)
 #define BCD_LEFT(X)                                      \
  (((X)) < 10000     ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR(X)) | 0x10    \
   : (X) < 100000    ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 10))    \
@@ -140,23 +140,16 @@
   : (X) < 10000000  ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 1000))  \
   : (X) < 100000000 ? BCD_RIGHT(BCD_SMEAR((X) / 10000)) \
                     : 0xffffffffffffffff)
-#define BCD_RIGHT(X) \
-  (((X)) < 10000     ? 0x20202020                  \
-   : (X) < 100000    ? 0x20202030 +                \
-                       (X) % 10                    \
-   : (X) < 1000000   ? 0x20203030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 +           \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x100            \
-   : (X) < 10000000  ? 0x20303030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 100) % 10 +          \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x10000          \
-   : (X) < 100000000 ? 0x30303030 +                \
-                       ((X) / 1000) % 10 +         \
-                       ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +  \
-                       ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + \
-                       (X) % 10 * 0x1000000        \
-                     : 0xffffffffffffffff)
+#define BCD_RIGHT(X)                                                   \
+  (((X)) < 10000    ? 0x20202020                                       \
+   : (X) < 100000   ? 0x20202030 + (X) % 10                            \
+   : (X) < 1000000  ? 0x20203030 + ((X) / 10) % 10 + (X) % 10 * 0x100  \
+   : (X) < 10000000 ? 0x20303030 + ((X) / 100) % 10 +                  \
+                          ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x100 + (X) % 10 * 0x10000 \
+   : (X) < 100000000                                                   \
+       ? 0x30303030 + ((X) / 1000) % 10 + ((X) / 100) % 10 * 0x100 +   \
+             ((X) / 10) % 10 * 0x10000 + (X) % 10 * 0x1000000          \
+       : 0xffffffffffffffff)

 /**
 * Laying out the GDT entries for a TSS for bare metal operation.
@@ -165,15 +158,11 @@
  HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent0 = TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)); \
  HIDDEN(SYM##_desc_ent1 = TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE));      \
  ASSERT((LIM) >= 0 && (LIM) <= 0xffff, "bare metal TSS is suspiciously fat")
-#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                \
-  (((LIM)        <<  0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | \
-   ((BASE)       << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
-    0x89         << 40                       | \
-   ((LIM)  >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | \
-    0x2          << 52                       | \
+#define TSSDESC_ENT0(BASE, LIM)                                              \
+  (((LIM) << 0 & 0x000000000000ffff) | ((BASE) << 16 & 0x000000ffffff0000) | \
+   0x89 << 40 | ((LIM) >> 16 << 48 & 0x000f000000000000) | 0x2 << 52 |       \
   ((BASE) >> 24 << 56 & 0xff00000000000000))
-#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE)                     \
-   ((BASE) >> 32 <<  0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)
+#define TSSDESC_ENT1(BASE) ((BASE) >> 32 << 0 & 0x00000000ffffffff)

 #endif /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
 #endif /* APE_MACROS_H_ */
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ extern unsigned char _tdata_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tbss_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char _tls_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char _tdata_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
+extern unsigned char _tbss_align[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __test_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __ro[] __attribute__((__weak__));
 extern unsigned char __data_start[] __attribute__((__weak__));
@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE),)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), x86_64)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O2 $(BACKTRACES)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), zero)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 OVERRIDE_CFLAGS += -O0
 OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS += -O0
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64-zero)
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 OVERRIDE_CFLAGS += -O0 -fdce
 OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS += -O0 -fdce
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), opt)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DNDEBUG -DSYSDEBUG
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O3 -fmerge-all-constants
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -march=native
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ endif
 #   - Turns off support for other operating systems
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), optlinux)
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DNDEBUG -DSYSDEBUG -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=1
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += -O3 -fmerge-all-constants
 CONFIG_COPTS += -mred-zone
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), asan)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -D__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O2 -DSYSDEBUG
 CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=address
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), dbg)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DMODE_DBG -D__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ -D__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -DSYSDEBUG -O0 -fno-inline
 CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ QUOTA ?= -C64 -L300
 endif
 ifeq ($(MODE), aarch64-dbg)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DMODE_DBG -D__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -DSYSDEBUG -O0 -fno-inline -fdce
 CONFIG_COPTS += -fsanitize=undefined
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ endif
 #
 ifeq ($(MODE), sysv)
 ENABLE_FTRACE = 1
-CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g
+CONFIG_OFLAGS ?= -g -ggdb
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS += $(BACKTRACES) -O2
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS += -DSYSDEBUG -DSUPPORT_VECTOR=121
 TARGET_ARCH ?= -msse3
@@ -60,13 +60,10 @@ TMPSAFE = $(TMPDIR)/
 endif

 BACKTRACES =								\
+	-fno-schedule-insns2						\
 	-fno-optimize-sibling-calls					\
 	-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer

-ifneq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
-BACKTRACES += -fno-schedule-insns2
-endif
-
 SANITIZER =								\
 	-fsanitize=address

@@ -127,6 +124,7 @@ ifeq ($(ARCH), aarch64)
 DEFAULT_COPTS +=							\
 	-ffixed-x18							\
 	-ffixed-x28							\
+	-fsigned-char							\
 	-mno-outline-atomics
 endif

@@ -147,12 +145,14 @@ DEFAULT_CFLAGS =							\
 	-std=gnu2x

 DEFAULT_CXXFLAGS =							\
+	-std=gnu++20							\
 	-fno-rtti							\
 	-fno-exceptions							\
 	-fuse-cxa-atexit						\
 	-Wno-int-in-bool-context					\
 	-Wno-narrowing							\
-	-Wno-literal-suffix
+	-Wno-literal-suffix						\
+	-isystem third_party/libcxx

 DEFAULT_ASFLAGS =							\
 	-W								\
@@ -259,12 +259,12 @@ LD.libs =								\
 	$(LIBS)

 COMPILE.c.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(c.flags)
-COMPILE.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(cxx.flags)
+COMPILE.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags) $(cpp.flags)
 COMPILE.i.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(c.flags)
 COMPILE.ii.flags = $(cc.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags)
 LINK.flags = $(DEFAULT_LDFLAGS) $(CONFIG_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
 OBJECTIFY.c.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags) $(c.flags)
-OBJECTIFY.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags) $(cxx.flags)
+OBJECTIFY.cxx.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cxx.flags) $(cpp.flags) $(copt.flags)
 OBJECTIFY.s.flags = $(ASONLYFLAGS) $(s.flags)
 OBJECTIFY.S.flags = $(cc.flags) $(o.flags) $(S.flags) $(cpp.flags)
 PREPROCESS.flags = -E $(copt.flags) $(cc.flags) $(cpp.flags)
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ if [ -n "$OBJDUMP" ]; then
 fi

 find_objdump() {
-  if [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump ]; then
-    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump
-  elif [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump ]; then
-    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump
-  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump" ]; then
-    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump"
-  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump" ]; then
-    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.2/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump"
+  if [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump ]; then
+    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump
+  elif [ -x .cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump ]; then
+    OBJDUMP=.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump" ]; then
+    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-cosmo-objdump"
+  elif [ -x "$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump" ]; then
+    OBJDUMP="$COSMO/.cosmocc/3.3.5/bin/$1-linux-musl-objdump"
  else
    echo "error: toolchain not found (try running 'cosmocc --update' or 'make' in the cosmo monorepo)" >&2
    exit 1
@@ -197,7 +197,8 @@ static char *FormatUint32(char *p, uint32_t x) {
 }

 static char *FormatInt32(char *p, int32_t x) {
-  if (x < 0) *p++ = '-', x = -(uint32_t)x;
+  if (x < 0)
+    *p++ = '-', x = -(uint32_t)x;
  return FormatUint32(p, x);
 }

@@ -205,7 +206,8 @@ static size_t StrCat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dsize) {
  size_t m, n = dsize;
  const char *p = dst;
  const char *q = src;
-  while (n-- != 0 && *dst != '\0') dst++;
+  while (n-- != 0 && *dst != '\0')
+    dst++;
  m = dst - p;
  n = dsize - m;
  if (n-- == 0) {
@@ -277,7 +279,8 @@ static bool IsSupportedPath(const char *path) {
  for (i = 0;; ++i) {
    switch (path[i]) {
      case 0:
-        if (i) return true;
+        if (i)
+          return true;
        // fallthrough
      case '\r':
      case '\n':
@@ -320,8 +323,10 @@ static bool ProduceDigest(const char *path, FILE *f) {
  char hexdigest[65];
  char mode[2] = {g_mode};
  unsigned char digest[32];
-  if (!IsSupportedPath(path)) return false;
-  if (!GetDigest(path, f, digest)) return false;
+  if (!IsSupportedPath(path))
+    return false;
+  if (!GetDigest(path, f, digest))
+    return false;
  CopyHex(hexdigest, digest, 32);
  Write(1, hexdigest, " ", mode, path, "\n", NULL);
  return true;
@@ -361,17 +366,24 @@ static bool CheckDigests(const char *path, FILE *f) {
  uint8_t wantdigest[32], gotdigest[32];
  char buf[64 + 2 + PATH_MAX + 1 + 1], *p;
  for (line = 0; fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f); ++line) {
-    if (!*Chomp(buf)) continue;
+    if (!*Chomp(buf))
+      continue;
    for (p = buf, i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
-      if ((a = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1) goto InvalidLine;
-      if ((b = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1) goto InvalidLine;
+      if ((a = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1)
+        goto InvalidLine;
+      if ((b = HexToInt(*p++ & 255)) == -1)
+        goto InvalidLine;
      wantdigest[i] = a << 4 | b;
    }
-    if (*p++ != ' ') goto InvalidLine;
-    if (!IsModeCharacter(*p++)) goto InvalidLine;
+    if (*p++ != ' ')
+      goto InvalidLine;
+    if (!IsModeCharacter(*p++))
+      goto InvalidLine;
    path2 = p;
-    if (!*path2) goto InvalidLine;
-    if (!IsSupportedPath(path2)) continue;
+    if (!*path2)
+      goto InvalidLine;
+    if (!IsSupportedPath(path2))
+      continue;
    if ((f2 = fopen(path2, "rb"))) {
      if (GetDigest(path2, f2, gotdigest)) {
        if (!memcmp(wantdigest, gotdigest, 32)) {
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+BasedOnStyle: Mozilla
+IndentWidth: 4
+ColumnLimit: 80
+---
+Language: Cpp
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AlignTrailingComments: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+---
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#── vi: set noet ft=make ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi ────────────────────┘
+
+PKGS += CTL
+
+CTL_ARTIFACTS += CTL_A
+CTL = $(CTL_A_DEPS) $(CTL_A)
+CTL_A = o/$(MODE)/ctl/ctl.a
+CTL_A_FILES := $(wildcard ctl/*)
+CTL_A_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(CTL_A_FILES))
+CTL_A_SRCS = $(filter %.cc,$(CTL_A_FILES))
+CTL_A_OBJS = $(CTL_A_SRCS:%.cc=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+
+CTL_A_CHECKS =						\
+	$(CTL_A).pkg					\
+	$(CTL_A_HDRS:%=o/$(MODE)/%.okk)			\
+
+CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS =					\
+	LIBC_INTRIN					\
+	LIBC_MEM					\
+	LIBC_STR					\
+
+CTL_A_DEPS := $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x))))
+
+$(CTL_A):	ctl/					\
+		$(CTL_A).pkg				\
+		$(CTL_A_OBJS)
+
+$(CTL_A).pkg:						\
+		$(CTL_A_OBJS)				\
+		$(foreach x,$(CTL_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)
+
+$(CTL_A_OBJS): private					\
+		OVERRIDE_CXXFLAGS +=			\
+			-Wframe-larger-than=4096	\
+			-Walloca-larger-than=4096	\
+			-ffunction-sections		\
+			-fdata-sections			\
+
+CTL_LIBS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)))
+CTL_SRCS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_SRCS))
+CTL_HDRS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_HDRS))
+CTL_CHECKS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
+CTL_OBJS = $(foreach x,$(CTL_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_OBJS))
+$(CTL_OBJS): $(BUILD_FILES) ctl/BUILD.mk
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ctl
+o/$(MODE)/ctl: $(CTL_CHECKS)
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
+#include <__utility/forward.h>
+#include <__utility/move.h>
+#include <__utility/swap.h>
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+class optional
+{
+  public:
+    using value_type = T;
+
+    ~optional() = default;
+
+    optional() noexcept : present_(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    optional(const T& value) : present_(true), value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    optional(T&& value) : present_(true), value_(std::move(value))
+    {
+    }
+
+    optional(const optional& other) : present_(other.present_)
+    {
+        if (present_)
+            new (&value_) T(other.value_);
+    }
+
+    optional(optional&& other) noexcept : present_(other.present_)
+    {
+        if (present_)
+            value_ = std::move(other.value_);
+    }
+
+    optional& operator=(const optional& other)
+    {
+        if (this != &other) {
+            present_ = other.present_;
+            if (present_)
+                value_ = other.value_;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    optional& operator=(optional&& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (this != &other) {
+            present_ = other.present_;
+            if (present_)
+                value_ = std::move(other.value_);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    T& value() &
+    {
+        if (!present_)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return value_;
+    }
+
+    const T& value() const&
+    {
+        if (!present_)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return value_;
+    }
+
+    T&& value() &&
+    {
+        if (!present_)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return std::move(value_);
+    }
+
+    explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+    {
+        return present_;
+    }
+
+    bool has_value() const noexcept
+    {
+        return present_;
+    }
+
+    void reset() noexcept
+    {
+        if (present_) {
+            value_.~T();
+            present_ = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void emplace(Args&&... args)
+    {
+        present_ = true;
+        value_ = T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    void swap(optional& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (present_ && other.present_) {
+            std::swap(value_, other.value_);
+        } else if (present_) {
+            other.emplace(std::move(value_));
+            reset();
+        } else if (other.present_) {
+            emplace(std::move(other.value_));
+            other.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    bool present_;
+    T value_;
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "string.h"
+
+#include <stdckdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+string
+strcat(const string_view lhs, const string_view rhs) noexcept
+{
+    string res;
+    size_t need;
+    if (ckd_add(&need, lhs.n, rhs.n))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (ckd_add(&need, need, 1))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    res.reserve(need);
+    if (lhs.n)
+        memcpy(res.p, lhs.p, lhs.n);
+    if (rhs.n)
+        memcpy(res.p + lhs.n, rhs.p, rhs.n);
+    res.p[res.n = lhs.n + rhs.n] = 0;
+    return res;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "string_view.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+int
+strcmp(const string_view lhs, const string_view rhs) noexcept
+{
+    int r;
+    size_t m = lhs.n;
+    if ((m = rhs.n < m ? rhs.n : m)) {
+        if (!m)
+            return 0;
+        if ((r = memcmp(lhs.p, rhs.p, m)))
+            return r;
+    }
+    if (lhs.n == rhs.n)
+        return 0;
+    if (m < lhs.n)
+        return +1;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "string.h"
+
+#include <__atomic/fence.h>
+#include <stdckdint.h>
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+string::~string() noexcept
+{
+    if (n) {
+        if (n >= c)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        if (p[n])
+            __builtin_trap();
+    }
+    if (c && !p)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    free(p);
+}
+
+string::string(const char* s) noexcept
+{
+    append(s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+string::string(const string& s) noexcept
+{
+    append(s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+string::string(const string_view s) noexcept
+{
+    append(s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+string::string(size_t size, char ch) noexcept
+{
+    resize(size, ch);
+}
+
+string::string(const char* s, size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    append(s, size);
+}
+
+const char*
+string::c_str() const noexcept
+{
+    if (!n)
+        return "";
+    if (n >= c)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (p[n])
+        __builtin_trap();
+    return p;
+}
+
+void
+string::reserve(size_t c2) noexcept
+{
+    char* p2;
+    if (c2 < n)
+        c2 = n;
+    if (ckd_add(&c2, c2, 15))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    c2 &= -16;
+    if (!(p2 = (char*)realloc(p, c2)))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+    c = c2;
+    p = p2;
+}
+
+void
+string::resize(size_t n2, char ch) noexcept
+{
+    size_t c2;
+    if (ckd_add(&c2, n2, 1))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    reserve(c2);
+    if (n2 > n)
+        memset(p + n, ch, n2 - n);
+    p[n = n2] = 0;
+}
+
+void
+string::append(char ch) noexcept
+{
+    if (n + 2 > c) {
+        size_t c2 = c + 2;
+        c2 += c2 >> 1;
+        reserve(c2);
+    }
+    p[n++] = ch;
+    p[n] = 0;
+}
+
+void
+string::grow(size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    size_t need;
+    if (ckd_add(&need, n, size))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (ckd_add(&need, need, 1))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (need <= c)
+        return;
+    size_t c2 = c;
+    if (!c2) {
+        c2 = need;
+    } else {
+        while (c2 < need)
+            if (ckd_add(&c2, c2, c2 >> 1))
+                __builtin_trap();
+    }
+    reserve(c2);
+}
+
+void
+string::append(char ch, size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    grow(size);
+    if (size)
+        memset(p + n, ch, size);
+    p[n += size] = 0;
+}
+
+void
+string::append(const void* data, size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    grow(size);
+    if (size)
+        memcpy(p + n, data, size);
+    p[n += size] = 0;
+}
+
+void
+string::pop_back() noexcept
+{
+    if (!n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    p[--n] = 0;
+}
+
+string&
+string::operator=(string&& s) noexcept
+{
+    if (p != s.p) {
+        if (p) {
+            clear();
+            append(s.p, s.n);
+        } else {
+            p = s.p;
+            n = s.n;
+            c = s.c;
+            s.p = nullptr;
+            s.n = 0;
+            s.c = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool
+string::operator==(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n != s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p, s.p, n);
+}
+
+bool
+string::operator!=(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n != s.n)
+        return true;
+    if (!n)
+        return false;
+    return !!memcmp(p, s.p, n);
+}
+
+bool
+string::contains(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !!memmem(p, n, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+bool
+string::ends_with(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n < s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p + n - s.n, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+bool
+string::starts_with(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n < s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+size_t
+string::find(char ch, size_t pos) const noexcept
+{
+    char* q;
+    if ((q = (char*)memchr(p, ch, n)))
+        return q - p;
+    return npos;
+}
+
+size_t
+string::find(const string_view s, size_t pos) const noexcept
+{
+    char* q;
+    if (pos > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if ((q = (char*)memmem(p + pos, n - pos, s.p, s.n)))
+        return q - p;
+    return npos;
+}
+
+string
+string::substr(size_t pos, size_t count) const noexcept
+{
+    size_t last;
+    if (pos > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (count > n - pos)
+        count = n - pos;
+    if (ckd_add(&last, pos, count))
+        last = n;
+    if (last > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    return string(p + pos, count);
+}
+
+string&
+string::replace(size_t pos, size_t count, const string_view& s) noexcept
+{
+    size_t last;
+    if (ckd_add(&last, pos, count))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (last > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    size_t need;
+    if (ckd_add(&need, pos, s.n))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    size_t extra = n - last;
+    if (ckd_add(&need, need, extra))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    size_t c2;
+    if (ckd_add(&c2, need, 1))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    reserve(c2);
+    if (extra)
+        memmove(p + pos + s.n, p + last, extra);
+    memcpy(p + pos, s.p, s.n);
+    p[n = need] = 0;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+string&
+string::insert(size_t i, const string_view s) noexcept
+{
+    if (i > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    size_t extra = n - i;
+    size_t need;
+    if (ckd_add(&need, n, s.n))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (ckd_add(&need, need, 1))
+        __builtin_trap();
+    reserve(need);
+    if (extra)
+        memmove(p + i + s.n, p + i, extra);
+    memcpy(p + i, s.p, s.n);
+    p[n += s.n] = 0;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+string&
+string::erase(size_t pos, size_t count) noexcept
+{
+    if (pos > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (count > n - pos)
+        count = n - pos;
+    size_t extra = n - (pos + count);
+    if (extra)
+        memmove(p + pos, p + pos + count, extra);
+    p[n = pos + extra] = 0;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRING_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRING_H_
+#include "string_view.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+struct string;
+
+string
+strcat(const string_view, const string_view) noexcept __wur;
+
+struct string
+{
+    char* p = nullptr;
+    size_t n = 0;
+    size_t c = 0;
+
+    using iterator = char*;
+    using const_iterator = const char*;
+    static constexpr size_t npos = -1;
+
+    ~string() noexcept;
+    string() = default;
+    string(const string_view) noexcept;
+    string(const char*) noexcept;
+    string(const string&) noexcept;
+    string(const char*, size_t) noexcept;
+    explicit string(size_t, char = 0) noexcept;
+    string& operator=(string&&) noexcept;
+    const char* c_str() const noexcept;
+
+    void pop_back() noexcept;
+    void grow(size_t) noexcept;
+    void reserve(size_t) noexcept;
+    void resize(size_t, char = 0) noexcept;
+    void append(char) noexcept;
+    void append(char, size_t) noexcept;
+    void append(unsigned long) noexcept;
+    void append(const void*, size_t) noexcept;
+    string& insert(size_t, const string_view) noexcept;
+    string& erase(size_t = 0, size_t = npos) noexcept;
+    string substr(size_t = 0, size_t = npos) const noexcept;
+    string& replace(size_t, size_t, const string_view&) noexcept;
+    bool operator==(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool operator!=(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool contains(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool ends_with(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool starts_with(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    size_t find(char, size_t = 0) const noexcept;
+    size_t find(const string_view, size_t = 0) const noexcept;
+
+    string(string&& s) noexcept : p(s.p), n(s.n), c(s.c)
+    {
+        s.p = nullptr;
+        s.n = 0;
+        s.c = 0;
+    }
+
+    void clear() noexcept
+    {
+        n = 0;
+    }
+
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return !n;
+    }
+
+    char* data() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    size_t length() const noexcept
+    {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    size_t capacity() const noexcept
+    {
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    char& front()
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[0];
+    }
+
+    const char& front() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[0];
+    }
+
+    char& back()
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[n - 1];
+    }
+
+    const char& back() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[n - 1];
+    }
+
+    char& operator[](size_t i) noexcept
+    {
+        if (i >= n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[i];
+    }
+
+    const char& operator[](size_t i) const noexcept
+    {
+        if (i >= n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[i];
+    }
+
+    void push_back(char ch) noexcept
+    {
+        append(ch);
+    }
+
+    void append(const string_view s) noexcept
+    {
+        append(s.p, s.n);
+    }
+
+    inline constexpr operator string_view() const noexcept
+    {
+        return string_view(p, n);
+    }
+
+    string& operator=(const char* s) noexcept
+    {
+        clear();
+        append(s);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    string& operator=(const string_view s) noexcept
+    {
+        clear();
+        append(s);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    string& operator+=(char x) noexcept
+    {
+        append(x);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    string& operator+=(const string_view s) noexcept
+    {
+        append(s);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    string operator+(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return strcat(*this, s);
+    }
+
+    int compare(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return strcmp(*this, s);
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) < 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator<=(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) <= 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>=(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) >= 0;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wliteral-suffix"
+inline ctl::string
+operator"" s(const char* s, size_t n)
+{
+    return ctl::string(s, n);
+}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRING_H_
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:4; coding:utf-8 -*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "string_view.h"
+
+#include <stdckdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "string.h"
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+size_t
+string_view::find(char ch, size_t pos) const noexcept
+{
+    char* q;
+    if (n && (q = (char*)memchr(p, ch, n)))
+        return q - p;
+    return npos;
+}
+
+size_t
+string_view::find(const string_view s, size_t pos) const noexcept
+{
+    char* q;
+    if (pos > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if ((q = (char*)memmem(p + pos, n - pos, s.p, s.n)))
+        return q - p;
+    return npos;
+}
+
+string_view
+string_view::substr(size_t pos, size_t count) const noexcept
+{
+    size_t last;
+    if (pos > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    if (count > n - pos)
+        count = n - pos;
+    if (ckd_add(&last, pos, count))
+        last = n;
+    if (last > n)
+        __builtin_trap();
+    return string_view(p + pos, count);
+}
+
+bool
+string_view::operator==(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n != s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p, s.p, n);
+}
+
+bool
+string_view::operator!=(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n != s.n)
+        return true;
+    if (!n)
+        return false;
+    return !!memcmp(p, s.p, n);
+}
+
+bool
+string_view::contains(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !!memmem(p, n, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+bool
+string_view::ends_with(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n < s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p + n - s.n, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+bool
+string_view::starts_with(const string_view s) const noexcept
+{
+    if (n < s.n)
+        return false;
+    if (!s.n)
+        return true;
+    return !memcmp(p, s.p, s.n);
+}
+
+} // namespace ctl
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRINGVIEW_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRINGVIEW_H_
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+struct string_view;
+
+int
+strcmp(const string_view, const string_view) noexcept;
+
+struct string_view
+{
+    const char* p;
+    size_t n;
+
+    using iterator = const char*;
+    using const_iterator = const char*;
+    static constexpr size_t npos = -1;
+
+    constexpr string_view() noexcept : p(nullptr), n(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    constexpr string_view(const char* s) noexcept
+      : p(s), n(s ? __builtin_strlen(s) : 0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    constexpr string_view(const char* s, size_t n) noexcept : p(s), n(n)
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline constexpr ~string_view() noexcept
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool operator!=(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool contains(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool ends_with(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    bool starts_with(const string_view) const noexcept;
+    string_view substr(size_t = 0, size_t = npos) const noexcept;
+    size_t find(char, size_t = 0) const noexcept;
+    size_t find(const string_view, size_t = 0) const noexcept;
+
+    constexpr string_view& operator=(const string_view& s) noexcept
+    {
+        p = s.p;
+        n = s.n;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return !n;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const char* data() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t length() const noexcept
+    {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const char& operator[](size_t i) const noexcept
+    {
+        if (i >= n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[i];
+    }
+
+    constexpr void remove_prefix(size_t count)
+    {
+        if (count > n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        p += count;
+        n -= count;
+    }
+
+    constexpr void remove_suffix(size_t count)
+    {
+        if (count > n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        n -= count;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const char& front() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[0];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const char& back() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[n - 1];
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    int compare(const string_view s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return strcmp(*this, s);
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const string_view& s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) < 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator<=(const string_view& s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) <= 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>(const string_view& s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator>=(const string_view& s) const noexcept
+    {
+        return compare(s) >= 0;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_STRINGVIEW_H_
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// -*-mode:c++;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:4;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-
+// vi: set et ft=c++ ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 fenc=utf-8 :vi
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
+#include <__utility/forward.h>
+#include <__utility/move.h>
+#include <__utility/swap.h>
+
+namespace ctl {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct vector
+{
+    size_t n = 0;
+    size_t c = 0;
+    T* p = nullptr;
+
+    using iterator = T*;
+    using const_iterator = const T*;
+
+    vector() = default;
+
+    ~vector()
+    {
+        delete[] p;
+    }
+
+    vector(const vector& other)
+    {
+        n = other.n;
+        c = other.c;
+        p = new T[c];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            new (&p[i]) T(other.p[i]);
+    }
+
+    vector(vector&& other) noexcept
+    {
+        n = other.n;
+        c = other.c;
+        p = other.p;
+        other.n = 0;
+        other.c = 0;
+        other.p = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    explicit vector(size_t count, const T& value = T())
+    {
+        n = count;
+        c = count;
+        p = new T[c];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            new (&p[i]) T(value);
+    }
+
+    vector& operator=(const vector& other)
+    {
+        if (this != &other) {
+            T* newData = new T[other.c];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < other.n; ++i) {
+                newData[i] = other.p[i];
+            }
+            delete[] p;
+            p = newData;
+            n = other.n;
+            c = other.c;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    vector& operator=(vector&& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (this != &other) {
+            delete[] p;
+            p = other.p;
+            n = other.n;
+            c = other.c;
+            other.p = nullptr;
+            other.n = 0;
+            other.c = 0;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool empty() const
+    {
+        return !n;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() const
+    {
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    size_t capacity() const
+    {
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    T& operator[](size_t i)
+    {
+        if (i >= n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[i];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator[](size_t i) const
+    {
+        if (i >= n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[i];
+    }
+
+    iterator begin()
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    iterator end()
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    const_iterator cbegin() const
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    const_iterator cend() const
+    {
+        return p + n;
+    }
+
+    T& front()
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[0];
+    }
+
+    const T& front() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[0];
+    }
+
+    T& back()
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[n - 1];
+    }
+
+    const T& back() const
+    {
+        if (!n)
+            __builtin_trap();
+        return p[n - 1];
+    }
+
+    void clear()
+    {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            p[i].~T();
+        n = 0;
+    }
+
+    void reserve(size_t c2)
+    {
+        if (c2 <= c)
+            return;
+        T* newP = new T[c2];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            newP[i] = std::move(p[i]);
+        delete[] p;
+        p = newP;
+        c = c2;
+    }
+
+    void push_back(const T& e)
+    {
+        if (n == c) {
+            size_t c2 = c + 1;
+            c2 += c2 >> 1;
+            reserve(c2);
+        }
+        new (&p[n]) T(e);
+        ++n;
+    }
+
+    void push_back(T&& e)
+    {
+        if (n == c) {
+            size_t c2 = c + 1;
+            c2 += c2 >> 1;
+            reserve(c2);
+        }
+        new (&p[n]) T(std::forward<T>(e));
+        ++n;
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void emplace_back(Args&&... args)
+    {
+        if (n == c) {
+            size_t c2 = c + 1;
+            c2 += c2 >> 1;
+            reserve(c2);
+        }
+        new (&p[n]) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        ++n;
+    }
+
+    void pop_back()
+    {
+        if (n > 0) {
+            --n;
+            p[n].~T();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void resize(size_t n2)
+    {
+        if (n2 > n) {
+            reserve(n2);
+            for (size_t i = n; i < n2; ++i)
+                new (&p[i]) T();
+        } else if (n2 < n) {
+            for (size_t i = n2; i < n; ++i)
+                p[i].~T();
+        }
+        n = n2;
+    }
+
+    void swap(vector& other) noexcept
+    {
+        std::swap(n, other.n);
+        std::swap(c, other.c);
+        std::swap(p, other.p);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace ctl
+
+#endif // COSMOPOLITAN_CTL_OPTIONAL_H_
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
 */
 int alaw(int x) {
  int a, b, i;
-  if ((a = x) < 0) a = ~a;
+  if ((a = x) < 0)
+    a = ~a;
  a >>= 4;
  if (a > 15) {
    if ((i = a >> 5)) {
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ int alaw(int x) {
      a += 16;
    }
  }
-  if (x >= 0) a |= 128;
+  if (x >= 0)
+    a |= 128;
  return a ^ 85;
 }
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ int mulaw(int);
 int unmulaw(int);
 void *double2byte(long, const void *, double, double) vallocesque;
 void *byte2double(long, const void *, double, double) vallocesque;
-void *dct(float[restrict hasatleast 8][8], unsigned,
-          float, float, float, float, float);
+void *dct(float[restrict hasatleast 8][8], unsigned, float, float, float, float,
+          float);
 void *dctjpeg(float[restrict hasatleast 8][8], unsigned);
 double det3(const double[3][3]) nosideeffect;
 void *inv3(double[restrict 3][3], const double[restrict 3][3], double);
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@
 *
 * @cost ~100ns
 */
-void *dct(float M[restrict hasatleast 8][8], unsigned stride,
-          float c0, float c1, float c2, float c3, float c4) {
+void *dct(float M[restrict hasatleast 8][8], unsigned stride, float c0,
+          float c1, float c2, float c3, float c4) {
  unsigned y, x;
  for (y = 0; y < stride * 8; y += stride) {
    DCT(M[y][0], M[y][1], M[y][2], M[y][3], M[y][4], M[y][5], M[y][6], M[y][7],
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "dsp/core/core.h"
 #include "dsp/core/gamma.h"
+#include "dsp/core/core.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"

 double rgb2stdpc(double x, double g) {
@@ -28,13 +28,15 @@
 int mulaw(int x) {
  int b, i, a, s, l, h;
  a = x < 0 ? (~x >> 2) + 33 : (x >> 2) + 33;
-  if (a > 8191) a = 8191;
+  if (a > 8191)
+    a = 8191;
  i = a >> 6;
  s = i ? (__builtin_clz(i) ^ 31) + 2 : 1;
  h = 8 - s;
  l = (a >> s) & 15;
  l = 15 - l;
  b = (h << 4) | l;
-  if (x >= 0) b |= 128;
+  if (x >= 0)
+    b |= 128;
  return b;
 }
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ void scalevolume(size_t n, int16_t pcm[n][8], int p) {
  /* TODO(jart): This isn't acceptable. */
  size_t i, j;
  if (p > 0) {
-    if (p > 15) p = 15;
+    if (p > 15)
+      p = 15;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
        pcm[i][j] =
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ void scalevolume(size_t n, int16_t pcm[n][8], int p) {
    }
  } else if (p < 0) {
    p = -p;
-    if (p > 15) p = 15;
+    if (p > 15)
+      p = 15;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
        pcm[i][j] = pcm[i][j] >> p;
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ int unalaw(int x) {
  i = (x ^ 85) & 127;
  e = i >> 4;
  m = i & 15;
-  if (e > 0) m += 16;
+  if (e > 0)
+    m += 16;
  m = (m << 4) + 8;
-  if (e > 1) m = m << (e - 1);
+  if (e > 1)
+    m = m << (e - 1);
  return x & 128 ? m : -m;
 }
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ DSP_MPEG_A_DIRECTDEPS =				\
 	LIBC_STDIO				\
 	LIBC_STR				\
 	LIBC_SYSV				\
-	LIBC_TIME				\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH				\
 	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT

@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ forceinline bool plm_buffer_has(plm_buffer_t *b, size_t bits) {
 }

 forceinline int plm_buffer_read(plm_buffer_t *self, int count) {
-  if (!plm_buffer_has(self, count)) return 0;
+  if (!plm_buffer_has(self, count))
+    return 0;
  int value = 0;
  while (count) {
    int current_byte = self->bytes[self->bit_index >> 3];
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include "dsp/mpeg/mpeg.h"
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_

-#define START_PACK 0xBA
-#define START_END 0xB9
+#define START_PACK   0xBA
+#define START_END    0xB9
 #define START_SYSTEM 0xBB

 typedef struct plm_demux_t {
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ forceinline void plm_video_process_macroblock(plm_video_t *self,
  si = ((self->mb_row * BW) + vp) * dw + (self->mb_col * BW) + hp;
  di = (self->mb_row * dw + self->mb_col) * BW;
  max_address = (dw * (self->mb_height * BW - BW + 1) - BW);
-  if (si > max_address || di > max_address) return;
+  if (si > max_address || di > max_address)
+    return;
  d += di;
  s += si;
  switch (((interpolate << 2) | (odd_h << 1) | (odd_v)) & 7) {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
 __static_yoink("pl_mpeg_notice");

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ DSP_SCALE_A_DIRECTDEPS =			\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E				\
 	LIBC_RUNTIME				\
 	LIBC_STR				\
-	LIBC_TIME				\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH				\
 	LIBC_X

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ static struct SamplingSolution *NewSamplingSolution(long n, long s) {
 static bool IsNormalized(int n, double A[n]) {
  int i;
  double x;
-  for (x = i = 0; i < n; ++i) x += A[i];
+  for (x = i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+    x += A[i];
  return fabs(x - 1) < 1e-4;
 }

@@ -96,8 +97,10 @@ struct SamplingSolution *ComputeSamplingSolution(long dn, long sn, double dar,
  short *weights, *indices;
  struct SamplingSolution *res;
  long j, i, k, n, min, max, s, N[6];
-  if (!dar) dar = sn, dar /= dn;
-  if (!off) off = (dar - 1) / 2;
+  if (!dar)
+    dar = sn, dar /= dn;
+  if (!off)
+    off = (dar - 1) / 2;
  f = dar < 1 ? 1 / dar : dar;
  s = 3 * f + 4;
  fweights = gc(xcalloc(s + /*xxx*/ 2, sizeof(double)));
@@ -114,8 +117,10 @@ struct SamplingSolution *ComputeSamplingSolution(long dn, long sn, double dar,
    for (k = 0, j = min; j <= max; ++j) {
      fweights[k++] = ComputeWeight((j - x) / (f / par));
    }
-    for (sum = k = 0; k < n; ++k) sum += fweights[k];
-    for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) fweights[j] *= 1 / sum;
+    for (sum = k = 0; k < n; ++k)
+      sum += fweights[k];
+    for (j = 0; j < n; ++j)
+      fweights[j] *= 1 / sum;
    DCHECK(IsNormalized(n, fweights));
    for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
      indices[i * s + j] = MIN(sn - 1, MAX(0, min + j));
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ DSP_TTY_A_DIRECTDEPS =				\
 	LIBC_SOCK				\
 	LIBC_SYSV				\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH				\
-	LIBC_TIME				\
 	LIBC_X

 DSP_TTY_A_DEPS :=				\
@@ -24,9 +24,13 @@
 * The alternate buffer trick lets one restore the console exactly as it
 * was, once the program is done running.
 */
-int ttyenablealtbuf(int ttyfd) { return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[?1049h"); }
+int ttyenablealtbuf(int ttyfd) {
+  return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[?1049h");
+}

 /**
 * Asks teletypewriter to restore blinking box thing.
 */
-int ttydisablealtbuf(int ttyfd) { return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[?1049l"); }
+int ttydisablealtbuf(int ttyfd) {
+  return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[?1049l");
+}
@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@
 static int ttysetcursor(int fd, bool visible) {
  struct NtConsoleCursorInfo ntcursor;
  char code[8] = "\e[?25l";
-  if (__nocolor) return 0;
-  if (visible) code[5] = 'h';
+  if (__nocolor)
+    return 0;
+  if (visible)
+    code[5] = 'h';
  if (IsWindows()) {
    GetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(kNtStdOutputHandle), &ntcursor);
    ntcursor.bVisible = visible;
@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@
 /**
 * Asks teletypewriter to push current position.
 */
-int ttysavecursor(int ttyfd) { return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[s"); }
+int ttysavecursor(int ttyfd) {
+  return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[s");
+}

 /**
 * Asks teletypewriter to pop previous position.
 */
-int ttyrestorecursor(int ttyfd) { return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[u"); }
+int ttyrestorecursor(int ttyfd) {
+  return ttysend(ttyfd, "\e[u");
+}
@@ -21,22 +21,30 @@
 #include "libc/limits.h"

 static char *ansitoa(char *p, unsigned xt, unsigned base) {
-  if (xt >= 8) xt -= 8, base += 60;
+  if (xt >= 8)
+    xt -= 8, base += 60;
  return itoa8(p, xt + base);
 }

 static char *setansibgfg(char *p, unsigned bg, unsigned fg) {
  *p++ = '\e';
  *p++ = '[';
-  if (bg != -1u) p = ansitoa(p, bg, 40);
-  if (bg != -1u && fg != -1u) *p++ = ';';
-  if (fg != -1u) p = ansitoa(p, fg, 30);
+  if (bg != -1u)
+    p = ansitoa(p, bg, 40);
+  if (bg != -1u && fg != -1u)
+    *p++ = ';';
+  if (fg != -1u)
+    p = ansitoa(p, fg, 30);
  *p++ = 'm';
  return p;
 }

-char *setbg16_(char *p, struct TtyRgb bg) { return setansibgfg(p, bg.xt, -1u); }
-char *setfg16_(char *p, struct TtyRgb fg) { return setansibgfg(p, -1u, fg.xt); }
+char *setbg16_(char *p, struct TtyRgb bg) {
+  return setansibgfg(p, bg.xt, -1u);
+}
+char *setfg16_(char *p, struct TtyRgb fg) {
+  return setansibgfg(p, -1u, fg.xt);
+}
 char *setbgfg16_(char *p, struct TtyRgb bg, struct TtyRgb fg) {
  return setansibgfg(p, bg.xt, fg.xt);
 }
@@ -666,7 +666,8 @@ static char *CopyBlock(char *v, const struct TtyRgb chunk[hasatleast 4],
                       struct Glyph *glyph) {
  unsigned i;
  CHECK_LT(pick.bg, 4);
-  if (pick.fg != 0xff) CHECK_LT(pick.fg, 4);
+  if (pick.fg != 0xff)
+    CHECK_LT(pick.fg, 4);
  i = 0;
  if (pick.fg == 0xff) {
    if (!ttyeq(*bg, chunk[pick.bg])) {
@@ -744,7 +745,8 @@ static dontinline char *CopyRun(char *v, size_t n,
    v = CopyGlyph(v, *glyph);
    *x += 2;
    *c += 2;
-    if (*x >= n) break;
+    if (*x >= n)
+      break;
    CopyChunk(chunk, *c, n);
  } while (ChunkEq(chunk, lastchunk));
  *x -= 2;
@@ -69,13 +69,16 @@ static textstartup int ttyraw_enable(void) {
 }

 static textstartup void ttyraw_hidecursor(void) {
-  if (!g_ttyraw.setup) return;
-  if (g_ttyraw.flags & kTtyCursor) return;
+  if (!g_ttyraw.setup)
+    return;
+  if (g_ttyraw.flags & kTtyCursor)
+    return;
  ttyhidecursor(FD);
 }

 static textexit int ttyraw_disable(void) {
-  if (!g_ttyraw.setup) return 0;
+  if (!g_ttyraw.setup)
+    return 0;
  ttyshowcursor(FD);
  return ttyrestore(FD, &g_ttyraw.old);
 }
@@ -84,10 +87,11 @@ static textexit void ttyraw_onexit(void) {
  ttyraw_disable();
 }

-static relegated void ttyraw_onsig(int sig, struct siginfo *info,
+static relegated void ttyraw_onsig(int sig, siginfo_t *info,
                                   struct ucontext *ctx) {
  size_t i;
-  if (g_ttyraw.noreentry) _Exit(128 + sig);
+  if (g_ttyraw.noreentry)
+    _Exit(128 + sig);
  g_ttyraw.noreentry = true;
  if (g_ttyraw.flags != -1) {
    if (sig == SIGCONT) {
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
 	LIBC_SYSV_CALLS						\
 	LIBC_TESTLIB						\
 	LIBC_THREAD						\
-	LIBC_TIME						\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH						\
 	LIBC_VGA						\
 	LIBC_X							\
@@ -89,8 +88,10 @@ EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_SED						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_STB						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_TR						\
+	THIRD_PARTY_TZ						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_VQSORT					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_XED						\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LIBCXXABI					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB					\
 	TOOL_ARGS						\
 	TOOL_BUILD_LIB						\
@@ -154,7 +155,8 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/picol.dbg:					\
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/usr/share/dict/words.zip.o: private ZIPOBJ_FLAGS += -C2
-o/$(MODE)/examples/wut.o: private COPTS += -fopenmp
+
+o/$(MODE)/examples/blas.o: private COPTS += -O3 -fopenmp

 $(EXAMPLES_OBJS): examples/BUILD.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+__static_yoink("__die");
+__static_yoink("GetSymbolByAddr");
+__static_yoink("malloc_inspect_all");
+
+char *lol(int n) {
+  return malloc(n);
+}
+
+char *(*pLol)(int) = lol;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  char *s = pLol(4);
+  s[4] = 1;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+// any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
+// above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
+// WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+// DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+// PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
+// TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+#include "libc/assert.h"
+
+// high performance high accuracy matrix multiplication in ansi c
+
+#define MATH __target_clones("avx512f,fma")
+
+namespace {
+namespace ansiBLAS {
+
+static constexpr int KN = 8;
+
+struct Vector {
+  double v[KN];
+};
+
+Vector load(const float *p) {
+  Vector x;
+  for (int i = 0; i < KN; ++i)
+    x.v[i] = p[i];
+  return x;
+}
+
+Vector madd(Vector x, Vector y, Vector s) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < KN; ++i)
+    s.v[i] = fma(x.v[i], y.v[i], s.v[i]);
+  return s;
+}
+
+float hsum(Vector x) {
+  double s = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < KN; ++i)
+    s += x.v[i];
+  return s;
+}
+
+struct ansiBLAS {
+ public:
+  ansiBLAS(int k, const float *A, int lda, const float *B, int ldb, float *C,
+           int ldc, int ith, int nth)
+      : k(k),
+        A(A),
+        lda(lda),
+        B(B),
+        ldb(ldb),
+        C(C),
+        ldc(ldc),
+        ith(ith),
+        nth(nth) {
+  }
+
+  void matmul(int m, int n) {
+    mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void mnpack(int m0, int m, int n0, int n) {
+    int mc, nc, mp, np;
+    if (m - m0 <= 0 || n - n0 <= 0)
+      return;
+    if (m - m0 >= 4 && n - n0 >= 3) {
+      mc = 4;
+      nc = 3;
+      gemm<4, 3>(m0, m, n0, n);
+    } else {
+      mc = 1;
+      nc = 1;
+      gemm<1, 1>(m0, m, n0, n);
+    }
+    mp = m0 + (m - m0) / mc * mc;
+    np = n0 + (n - n0) / nc * nc;
+    mnpack(mp, m, n0, np);
+    mnpack(m0, m, np, n);
+  }
+
+  template <int RM, int RN>
+  MATH void gemm(int m0, int m, int n0, int n) {
+    int ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
+    int xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
+    int tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+    int duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+    int start = duty * ith;
+    int end = start + duty;
+    if (end > tiles)
+      end = tiles;
+    for (int job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+      int ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
+      int jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
+      Vector Cv[RN][RM] = {};
+      for (int l = 0; l < k; l += KN)
+        for (int j = 0; j < RN; ++j)
+          for (int i = 0; i < RM; ++i)
+            Cv[j][i] = madd(load(A + lda * (ii + i) + l),  //
+                            load(B + ldb * (jj + j) + l),  //
+                            Cv[j][i]);
+      for (int j = 0; j < RN; ++j)
+        for (int i = 0; i < RM; ++i)
+          C[ldc * (jj + j) + (ii + i)] = hsum(Cv[j][i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const int k;
+  const float *const A;
+  const int lda;
+  const float *const B;
+  const int ldb;
+  float *const C;
+  const int ldc;
+  const int ith;
+  const int nth;
+};
+
+void sgemm(int m, int n, int k,      //
+           const float *A, int lda,  //
+           const float *B, int ldb,  //
+           float *C, int ldc) {
+  int nth = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#pragma omp parallel for
+  for (int ith = 0; ith < nth; ++ith) {
+    ansiBLAS tb{k, A, lda, B, ldb, C, ldc, ith, nth};
+    tb.matmul(m, n);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace ansiBLAS
+
+long micros(void) {
+  struct timespec ts;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+  return ts.tv_sec * 1000000 + (ts.tv_nsec + 999) / 1000;
+}
+
+unsigned rand32(void) {
+  /* Knuth, D.E., "The Art of Computer Programming," Vol 2,
+     Seminumerical Algorithms, Third Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1998,
+     p. 106 (line 26) & p. 108 */
+  static unsigned long long lcg = 1;
+  lcg *= 6364136223846793005;
+  lcg += 1442695040888963407;
+  return lcg >> 32;
+}
+
+float float01(unsigned x) {  // (0,1)
+  return 1.f / 8388608 * ((x >> 9) + .5f);
+}
+
+float numba(void) {  // (-1,1)
+  return float01(rand32()) * 2 - 1;
+}
+
+void fill(int m, int n, float *A, int lda) {
+  for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
+    for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i)
+      A[lda * j + i] = numba();
+}
+
+float *new_matrix(int m, int n, int *lda) {
+  void *ptr = 0;
+  int b = 64 / sizeof(float);
+  *lda = (n + b - 1) & -b;
+  posix_memalign(&ptr, 4096, sizeof(float) * m * *lda);
+  return (float *)ptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void barrier(void) {
+}
+void (*pBarrier)(void) = barrier;
+
+#define BENCH(x)                                                           \
+  do {                                                                     \
+    x;                                                                     \
+    int N = 10;                                                            \
+    long t1 = micros();                                                    \
+    for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) {                                         \
+      pBarrier();                                                          \
+      x;                                                                   \
+    }                                                                      \
+    long t2 = micros();                                                    \
+    printf("%8" PRId64 " µs %s %g gigaflops\n", (t2 - t1 + N - 1) / N, #x, \
+           1e6 / ((t2 - t1 + N - 1) / N) * m * n * k * 2 * 1e-9);          \
+  } while (0)
+
+int main() {
+  int m = 1024;
+  int n = 1024;
+  int k = 1024;
+  int lda, ldb, ldc;
+  float *A = new_matrix(m, k, &lda);
+  float *B = new_matrix(n, k, &ldb);
+  float *C = new_matrix(n, m, &ldc);
+  fill(k, n, A, lda);
+  fill(k, m, B, ldb);
+  BENCH(ansiBLAS::sgemm(m, n, k, A, lda, B, ldb, C, ldc));
+  assert(C[0] == -0x1.20902ap+4);
+  assert(C[1] == -0x1.bf7726p+4);
+  free(C);
+  free(B);
+  free(A);
+}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,13 @@
 *     o//examples/crashreport.com
 */

+int Divide(int x, int y) {
+  volatile int z = 0;  // force creation of stack frame
+  return x / y + z;
+}
+
+int (*pDivide)(int, int) = Divide;
+
 dontubsan int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  kprintf("----------------\n");
  kprintf(" THIS IS A TEST \n");
@@ -34,12 +42,7 @@ dontubsan int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

  ShowCrashReports();

-  volatile double a = 0;
-  volatile double b = 23;
-  volatile double c = exp(b) / a;
-  (void)c;
-
-  volatile int x = 0;
-  volatile int y = 1 / x;
-  return y;
+  pDivide(1, 0);
+  pDivide(2, 0);
+  pDivide(3, 0);
 }
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"

@@ -18,6 +19,17 @@ void crash(long x0, long x1, long x2,  //
 void (*pCrash)(long, long, long, double, double, double) = crash;

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+  // // by default we launch an addr2line subprocess to print backtraces
+  // // with line numbers. you can force it to use the embedded solution
+  // setenv("ADDR2LINE", "", true);
+
+  // // using a seccomp sandbox is another way to force embedded backtraces
+  // pledge("stdio", NULL);
+
+  // enable the crash reporting feature
  ShowCrashReports();
+
+  // time to die
  pCrash(1, 2, 3, NAN, NAN, NAN);
 }
@@ -9,19 +9,30 @@
 #endif
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/timespec.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/timezoneid.h"
+#include "libc/nt/struct/timezoneinformation.h"
+#include "libc/nt/time.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/time/struct/tm.h"
+#include "libc/thread/threads.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"

 /**
 * @fileoverview High performance ISO-8601 timestamp formatter.
+ *
+ * The strftime() function is very slow. This goes much faster.
+ * Consider using something like this instead for your loggers.
 */

 char *GetTimestamp(void) {
  int x;
  struct timespec ts;
-  _Thread_local static long last;
-  _Thread_local static char s[27];
-  _Thread_local static struct tm tm;
+  thread_local static long last;
+  thread_local static char s[32];
+  thread_local static struct tm tm;
  clock_gettime(0, &ts);
  if (ts.tv_sec != last) {
    localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &tm);
@@ -61,11 +72,21 @@ char *GetTimestamp(void) {
  s[23] = '0' + x / 100000 % 10;
  s[24] = '0' + x / 10000 % 10;
  s[25] = '0' + x / 1000 % 10;
+  s[26] = tm.tm_gmtoff < 0 ? '-' : '+';
+  x = ABS(tm.tm_gmtoff) / 60 / 60;
+  s[27] = '0' + x / 10 % 10;
+  s[28] = '0' + x % 10;
+  x = ABS(tm.tm_gmtoff) / 60 % 60;
+  s[29] = '0' + x / 10 % 10;
+  s[30] = '0' + x % 10;
  return s;
 }

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  char buf[128], *p = buf;
+  // setenv("TZ", "UTC", true);
+  // setenv("TZ", "US/Eastern", true);
+  // setenv("TZ", "Asia/Kolkata", true);
  p = stpcpy(p, GetTimestamp());
  p = stpcpy(p, "\n");
  write(1, buf, p - buf);
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"

 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s)\n", argv[0], GetProgramExecutableName());
-  for (char **p = environ; *p; ++p) {
+  for (char** p = environ; *p; ++p) {
    printf("%s\n", *p);
  }
  return 0;
@@ -104,8 +104,10 @@ void *Worker(void *id) {
    if (client == -1) {
      // accept() errors are generally ephemeral or recoverable
      // it'd potentially be a good idea to exponential backoff here
-      if (errno == ECANCELED) continue;  // pthread_cancel() was called
-      if (errno == EMFILE) ExplainPrlimit();
+      if (errno == ECANCELED)
+        continue;  // pthread_cancel() was called
+      if (errno == EMFILE)
+        ExplainPrlimit();
      LOG("accept() returned %m");
      SomethingHappened();
      continue;
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ void *Worker(void *id) {

      // check that client message wasn't fragmented into more reads
      InitHttpMessage(&msg, kHttpRequest);
-      if ((inmsglen = ParseHttpMessage(&msg, buf, got)) <= 0) {
+      if ((inmsglen = ParseHttpMessage(&msg, buf, got, sizeof(buf))) <= 0) {
        if (!inmsglen) {
          LOG("%6H client sent fragmented message");
        } else {
@@ -346,8 +348,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    if ((rc = pthread_create(th + i, &attr, Worker, (void *)(intptr_t)i))) {
      --a_workers;
      kprintf("pthread_create failed: %s\n", strerror(rc));
-      if (rc == EAGAIN) ExplainPrlimit();
-      if (!i) exit(1);
+      if (rc == EAGAIN)
+        ExplainPrlimit();
+      if (!i)
+        exit(1);
      threads = i;
      break;
    }
@@ -364,7 +368,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    PrintEphemeralStatusLine();
    unassert(!pthread_cond_wait(&statuscond, &statuslock));
    // limit status line updates to sixty frames per second
-    do tick = timespec_add(tick, (struct timespec){0, 1e9 / 60});
+    do
+      tick = timespec_add(tick, (struct timespec){0, 1e9 / 60});
    while (timespec_cmp(tick, timespec_real()) < 0);
    clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, TIMER_ABSTIME, &tick, 0);
  }
@@ -378,7 +383,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  }

  // on windows this is the only way accept() can be canceled
-  if (IsWindows()) close(server);
+  if (IsWindows())
+    close(server);

  // print status in terminal as the shutdown progresses
  unassert(!pthread_mutex_lock(&statuslock));
@@ -394,7 +400,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  }

  // close the server socket
-  if (!IsWindows()) close(server);
+  if (!IsWindows())
+    close(server);

  // clean up terminal line
  LOG("thank you for choosing \e[32mgreenbean\e[0m");
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 #include "libc/stdio/rand.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"
 #include "third_party/zlib/zlib.h"
 // clang-format off

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "third_party/hiredis/hiredis.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "third_party/hiredis/hiredis.h"

 /**
 * @fileoverview Demo of using hiredis to connect to a Redis server
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Contact: [email protected]");
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"

 /* Syntax highlight types */
 #define HL_NORMAL    0
@@ -212,10 +212,13 @@ void editorAtExit(void) {
 int enableRawMode(int64_t fd) {
  struct termios raw;

-  if (E.rawmode) return 0; /* Already enabled. */
-  if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) goto fatal;
+  if (E.rawmode)
+    return 0; /* Already enabled. */
+  if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
+    goto fatal;
  atexit(editorAtExit);
-  if (tcgetattr(fd, &orig_termios) == -1) goto fatal;
+  if (tcgetattr(fd, &orig_termios) == -1)
+    goto fatal;

  raw = orig_termios; /* modify the original mode */
  /* input modes: no break, no CR to NL, no parity check, no strip char,
@@ -233,7 +236,8 @@ int enableRawMode(int64_t fd) {
  raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1; /* 100 ms timeout (unit is tens of second). */

  /* put terminal in raw mode after flushing */
-  if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) < 0) goto fatal;
+  if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) < 0)
+    goto fatal;
  E.rawmode = 1;
  return 0;

@@ -249,7 +253,8 @@ int editorReadKey(int64_t fd) {
  char c, seq[3];
  do {
    nread = read(fd, &c, 1);
-    if (nread == -1) exit(1);
+    if (nread == -1)
+      exit(1);
  } while (!nread);

  while (1) {
@@ -260,12 +265,15 @@ int editorReadKey(int64_t fd) {
        return PAGE_DOWN;
      case '\e': /* escape sequence */
        /* If this is just an ESC, we'll timeout here. */
-        if (read(fd, seq, 1) == 0) return CTRL('[');
+        if (read(fd, seq, 1) == 0)
+          return CTRL('[');
        if (seq[0] == '[') {
-          if (read(fd, seq + 1, 1) == 0) return CTRL('[');
+          if (read(fd, seq + 1, 1) == 0)
+            return CTRL('[');
          if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
            /* Extended escape, read additional byte. */
-            if (read(fd, seq + 2, 1) == 0) return CTRL('[');
+            if (read(fd, seq + 2, 1) == 0)
+              return CTRL('[');
            if (seq[2] == '~') {
              switch (seq[1]) {
                case '1':
@@ -308,7 +316,8 @@ int editorReadKey(int64_t fd) {
        } else if (seq[0] == 'v') {
          return PAGE_UP;
        } else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
-          if (read(fd, seq + 1, 1) == 0) return CTRL('[');
+          if (read(fd, seq + 1, 1) == 0)
+            return CTRL('[');
          /* ESC O sequences. */
          switch (seq[1]) {
            case 'H':
@@ -332,19 +341,24 @@ int getCursorPosition(int64_t ifd, int64_t ofd, int *rows, int *cols) {
  unsigned i = 0;

  /* Report cursor location */
-  if (write(ofd, "\e[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;
+  if (write(ofd, "\e[6n", 4) != 4)
+    return -1;

  /* Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R */
  while (i < sizeof(buf) - 1) {
-    if (read(ifd, buf + i, 1) != 1) break;
-    if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
+    if (read(ifd, buf + i, 1) != 1)
+      break;
+    if (buf[i] == 'R')
+      break;
    i++;
  }
  buf[i] = '\0';

  /* Parse it. */
-  if (buf[0] != CTRL('[') || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
-  if (sscanf(buf + 2, "%d;%d", rows, cols) != 2) return -1;
+  if (buf[0] != CTRL('[') || buf[1] != '[')
+    return -1;
+  if (sscanf(buf + 2, "%d;%d", rows, cols) != 2)
+    return -1;
  return 0;
 }

@@ -359,12 +373,15 @@ int getWindowSize(int64_t ifd, int64_t ofd, int *rows, int *cols) {

    /* Get the initial position so we can restore it later. */
    retval = getCursorPosition(ifd, ofd, &orig_row, &orig_col);
-    if (retval == -1) goto failed;
+    if (retval == -1)
+      goto failed;

    /* Go to right/bottom margin and get position. */
-    if (write(ofd, "\e[999C\e[999B", 12) != 12) goto failed;
+    if (write(ofd, "\e[999C\e[999B", 12) != 12)
+      goto failed;
    retval = getCursorPosition(ifd, ofd, rows, cols);
-    if (retval == -1) goto failed;
+    if (retval == -1)
+      goto failed;

    /* Restore position. */
    char seq[32];
@@ -406,7 +423,8 @@ void editorUpdateSyntax(erow *row) {
  row->hl = realloc(row->hl, row->rsize);
  memset(row->hl, HL_NORMAL, row->rsize);

-  if (E.syntax == NULL) return; /* No syntax, everything is HL_NORMAL. */
+  if (E.syntax == NULL)
+    return; /* No syntax, everything is HL_NORMAL. */

  int i, prev_sep, in_string, in_comment;
  char *p;
@@ -475,7 +493,8 @@ void editorUpdateSyntax(erow *row) {
        prev_sep = 0;
        continue;
      }
-      if (*p == in_string) in_string = 0;
+      if (*p == in_string)
+        in_string = 0;
      p++;
      i++;
      continue;
@@ -515,7 +534,8 @@ void editorUpdateSyntax(erow *row) {
      for (j = 0; keywords[j]; j++) {
        int klen = strlen(keywords[j]);
        int kw2 = keywords[j][klen - 1] == '|';
-        if (kw2) klen--;
+        if (kw2)
+          klen--;

        if (!memcmp(p, keywords[j], klen) && is_separator(*(p + klen))) {
          /* Keyword */
@@ -599,7 +619,8 @@ void editorUpdateRow(erow *row) {
   * respecting tabs, substituting non printable characters with '?'. */
  free(row->render);
  for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
-    if (row->chars[j] == '\t') tabs++;
+    if (row->chars[j] == '\t')
+      tabs++;
  }

  row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * 8 + nonprint * 9 + 1);
@@ -626,11 +647,13 @@ void editorUpdateRow(erow *row) {
 /* Insert a row at the specified position, shifting the other rows on the bottom
 * if required. */
 void editorInsertRow(int at, char *s, size_t len) {
-  if (at > E.numrows) return;
+  if (at > E.numrows)
+    return;
  E.row = realloc(E.row, sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows + 1));
  if (at != E.numrows) {
    memmove(E.row + at + 1, E.row + at, sizeof(E.row[0]) * (E.numrows - at));
-    for (int j = at + 1; j <= E.numrows; j++) E.row[j].idx++;
+    for (int j = at + 1; j <= E.numrows; j++)
+      E.row[j].idx++;
  }
  E.row[at].size = len;
  E.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
@@ -657,11 +680,13 @@ void editorFreeRow(erow *row) {
 void editorDelRow(int at) {
  erow *row;

-  if (at >= E.numrows) return;
+  if (at >= E.numrows)
+    return;
  row = E.row + at;
  editorFreeRow(row);
  memmove(E.row + at, E.row + at + 1, sizeof(E.row[0]) * (E.numrows - at - 1));
-  for (int j = at; j < E.numrows - 1; j++) E.row[j].idx++;
+  for (int j = at; j < E.numrows - 1; j++)
+    E.row[j].idx++;
  E.numrows--;
  E.dirty++;
 }
@@ -729,7 +754,8 @@ void editorRowAppendString(erow *row, char *s, size_t len) {

 /* Delete the character at offset 'at' from the specified row. */
 void editorRowDelChar(erow *row, int at) {
-  if (row->size <= at) return;
+  if (row->size <= at)
+    return;
  memmove(row->chars + at, row->chars + at + 1, row->size - at);
  editorUpdateRow(row);
  row->size--;
@@ -745,7 +771,8 @@ void editorInsertChar(int c) {
  /* If the row where the cursor is currently located does not exist in our
   * logical representation of the file, add enough empty rows as needed. */
  if (!row) {
-    while (E.numrows <= filerow) editorInsertRow(E.numrows, "", 0);
+    while (E.numrows <= filerow)
+      editorInsertRow(E.numrows, "", 0);
  }
  row = &E.row[filerow];
  editorRowInsertChar(row, filecol, c);
@@ -773,7 +800,8 @@ void editorInsertNewline(void) {
  }
  /* If the cursor is over the current line size, we want to conceptually
   * think it's just over the last character. */
-  if (filecol >= row->size) filecol = row->size;
+  if (filecol >= row->size)
+    filecol = row->size;
  if (filecol == 0) {
    editorInsertRow(filerow, "", 0);
  } else {
@@ -800,7 +828,8 @@ void editorDelChar(void) {
  int filecol = E.coloff + E.cx;
  erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];

-  if (!row || (filecol == 0 && filerow == 0)) return;
+  if (!row || (filecol == 0 && filerow == 0))
+    return;
  if (filecol == 0) {
    /* Handle the case of column 0, we need to move the current line
     * on the right of the previous one. */
@@ -825,7 +854,8 @@ void editorDelChar(void) {
    else
      E.cx--;
  }
-  if (row) editorUpdateRow(row);
+  if (row)
+    editorUpdateRow(row);
  E.dirty++;
 }

@@ -868,12 +898,15 @@ int editorSave(void) {
  int len;
  char *buf = editorRowsToString(&len);
  int64_t fd = open(E.filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
-  if (fd == -1) goto writeerr;
+  if (fd == -1)
+    goto writeerr;

  /* Use truncate + a single write(2) call in order to make saving
   * a bit safer, under the limits of what we can do in a small editor. */
-  if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1) goto writeerr;
-  if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) goto writeerr;
+  if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)
+    goto writeerr;
+  if (write(fd, buf, len) != len)
+    goto writeerr;

  close(fd);
  free(buf);
@@ -883,7 +916,8 @@ int editorSave(void) {

 writeerr:
  free(buf);
-  if (fd != -1) close(fd);
+  if (fd != -1)
+    close(fd);
  editorSetStatusMessage("Can't save! I/O error: %s", strerror(errno));
  return 1;
 }
@@ -924,7 +958,8 @@ void editorRefreshScreen(void) {
          abAppend(&ab, "~", 1);
          padding--;
        }
-        while (padding--) abAppend(&ab, " ", 1);
+        while (padding--)
+          abAppend(&ab, " ", 1);
        abAppend(&ab, welcome, welcomelen);
      } else {
        abAppend(&ab, "~\e[0K\r\n", 7);
@@ -939,7 +974,8 @@ void editorRefreshScreen(void) {
    int current_color = -1;
 #endif
    if (len > 0) {
-      if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols;
+      if (len > E.screencols)
+        len = E.screencols;
      char *c = r->render + E.coloff;
 #if SYNTAX
      unsigned char *hl = r->hl + E.coloff;
@@ -990,7 +1026,8 @@ void editorRefreshScreen(void) {
                     E.numrows, E.dirty ? "(modified)" : "");
  int rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus), "%d/%d", E.rowoff + E.cy + 1,
                      E.numrows);
-  if (len > E.screencols) len = E.screencols;
+  if (len > E.screencols)
+    len = E.screencols;
  abAppend(&ab, status, len);
  while (len < E.screencols) {
    if (E.screencols - len == rlen) {
@@ -1018,7 +1055,8 @@ void editorRefreshScreen(void) {
  erow *row = (filerow >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[filerow];
  if (row) {
    for (j = E.coloff; j < (E.cx + E.coloff); j++) {
-      if (j < row->size && row->chars[j] == CTRL('I')) cx += 7 - ((cx) % 8);
+      if (j < row->size && row->chars[j] == CTRL('I'))
+        cx += 7 - ((cx) % 8);
      cx++;
    }
  }
@@ -1069,7 +1107,8 @@ void editorFind(int64_t fd) {

    int c = editorReadKey(fd);
    if (c == DEL_KEY || c == CTRL('H') || c == CTRL('?')) {
-      if (qlen != 0) query[--qlen] = '\0';
+      if (qlen != 0)
+        query[--qlen] = '\0';
      last_match = -1;
    } else if (c == CTRL('G')) {
      break;
@@ -1096,7 +1135,8 @@ void editorFind(int64_t fd) {
    }

    /* Search occurrence. */
-    if (last_match == -1) find_next = 1;
+    if (last_match == -1)
+      find_next = 1;
    if (find_next) {
      char *match = NULL;
      int match_offset = 0;
@@ -1190,7 +1230,8 @@ void editorMoveCursor(int key) {
      break;
    case ARROW_UP:
      if (E.cy == 0) {
-        if (E.rowoff) E.rowoff--;
+        if (E.rowoff)
+          E.rowoff--;
      } else {
        E.cy -= 1;
      }
@@ -1299,9 +1340,11 @@ void editorProcessKeypress(int64_t fd) {

    case CTRL('L'):
      times = E.screenrows / 2;
-      while (times--) editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
+      while (times--)
+        editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
      times = E.screenrows / 2;
-      while (times--) editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_DOWN : ARROW_UP);
+      while (times--)
+        editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_DOWN : ARROW_UP);
      break;

    case PAGE_UP:
@@ -1312,14 +1355,17 @@ void editorProcessKeypress(int64_t fd) {
        E.cy = E.screenrows - 1;
      }
      times = E.screenrows;
-      while (times--) editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
+      while (times--)
+        editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
      times = E.screenrows / 2;
-      while (times--) editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_DOWN : ARROW_UP);
+      while (times--)
+        editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_DOWN : ARROW_UP);
      break;

    case HOME_KEY:
    case CTRL('A'):
-      while (E.cx || E.coloff) editorMoveCursor(ARROW_LEFT);
+      while (E.cx || E.coloff)
+        editorMoveCursor(ARROW_LEFT);
      break;
    case END_KEY:
    case CTRL('E'):
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/time.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int64_t t = 0;
+  localtime(&t);
+}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/w.h"
 #include "libc/thread/thread.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"
 #include "libc/x/xasprintf.h"
 #include "libc/x/xsigaction.h"
 #include "libc/zip.internal.h"
@@ -492,7 +492,8 @@ void TransmitVideo(void) {
  ssize_t rc;
  struct Frame* f;
  f = &vf_[frame_];
-  if (!HasVideo(f)) f = FlipFrameBuffer();
+  if (!HasVideo(f))
+    f = FlipFrameBuffer();
  if ((rc = Write(STDOUT_FILENO, f->w, f->p - f->w)) != -1) {
    f->w += rc;
  } else if (errno == EAGAIN) {
@@ -504,9 +505,12 @@ void TransmitVideo(void) {

 void TransmitAudio(void) {
  ssize_t rc;
-  if (!playpid_) return;
-  if (!audio_.i) return;
-  if (playfd_ == -1) return;
+  if (!playpid_)
+    return;
+  if (!audio_.i)
+    return;
+  if (playfd_ == -1)
+    return;
  if ((rc = Write(playfd_, audio_.p, audio_.i * sizeof(short))) != -1) {
    rc /= sizeof(short);
    memmove(audio_.p, audio_.p + rc, (audio_.i - rc) * sizeof(short));
@@ -561,9 +565,12 @@ void KeyCountdown(struct Action* a) {
 void PollAndSynchronize(void) {
  do {
    if (ReadKeyboard() == -1) {
-      if (errno != EINTR) Exit(1);
-      if (exited_) Exit(0);
-      if (resized_) GetTermSize();
+      if (errno != EINTR)
+        Exit(1);
+      if (exited_)
+        Exit(0);
+      if (resized_)
+        GetTermSize();
    }
  } while (!timeout_);
  TransmitVideo();
@@ -734,7 +741,8 @@ u8 Access(unsigned addr, u8 value, bool write) {
      }
    }
  }
-  if ((addr >> 13) == 3) return PRAM[addr & 0x1FFF];
+  if ((addr >> 13) == 3)
+    return PRAM[addr & 0x1FFF];
  return banks[(addr / RomGranularity) % RomPages][addr % RomGranularity];
 }

@@ -828,7 +836,8 @@ bool offset_toggle = false;
 u8& NesMmap(int i) {
  i &= 0x3FFF;
  if (i >= 0x3F00) {
-    if (i % 4 == 0) i &= 0x0F;
+    if (i % 4 == 0)
+      i &= 0x0F;
    return palette[i & 0x1F];
  }
  if (i < 0x2000) {
@@ -844,7 +853,8 @@ u8 PpuAccess(u16 index, u8 v, bool write) {
    return open_bus_decay_timer = 77777, open_bus = v;
  };
  u8 res = open_bus;
-  if (write) RefreshOpenBus(v);
+  if (write)
+    RefreshOpenBus(v);
  switch (index) {  // Which port from $200x?
    case 0:
      if (write) {
@@ -858,7 +868,8 @@ u8 PpuAccess(u16 index, u8 v, bool write) {
      }
      break;
    case 2:
-      if (write) break;
+      if (write)
+        break;
      res = reg.status | (open_bus & 0x1F);
      reg.InVBlank = false;   // Reading $2002 clears the vblank flag.
      offset_toggle = false;  // Also resets the toggle for address updates.
@@ -867,7 +878,8 @@ u8 PpuAccess(u16 index, u8 v, bool write) {
      }
      break;
    case 3:
-      if (write) reg.OAMaddr = v;
+      if (write)
+        reg.OAMaddr = v;
      break;  // Index into Object Attribute Memory
    case 4:
      if (write) {
@@ -878,7 +890,8 @@ u8 PpuAccess(u16 index, u8 v, bool write) {
      }
      break;
    case 5:
-      if (!write) break;  // Set background scrolling offset
+      if (!write)
+        break;  // Set background scrolling offset
      if (offset_toggle) {
        scroll.yfine = v & 7;
        scroll.ycoarse = v >> 3;
@@ -888,7 +901,8 @@ u8 PpuAccess(u16 index, u8 v, bool write) {
      offset_toggle = !offset_toggle;
      break;
    case 6:
-      if (!write) break;  // Set video memory position for reads/writes
+      if (!write)
+        break;  // Set video memory position for reads/writes
      if (offset_toggle) {
        scroll.vaddrlo = v;
        vaddr.raw = (unsigned)scroll.raw;
@@ -926,17 +940,21 @@ void RenderingTick() {
    case 2:  // Point to attribute table
      ioaddr = 0x23C0 + 0x400 * vaddr.basenta + 8 * (vaddr.ycoarse / 4) +
               (vaddr.xcoarse / 4);
-      if (tile_decode_mode) break;  // Or nametable, with sprites.
-    case 0:                         // Point to nametable
+      if (tile_decode_mode)
+        break;  // Or nametable, with sprites.
+    case 0:     // Point to nametable
      ioaddr = 0x2000 + (vaddr.raw & 0xFFF);
      // Reset sprite data
      if (x_ == 0) {
        sprinpos = sproutpos = 0;
-        if (reg.ShowSP) reg.OAMaddr = 0;
+        if (reg.ShowSP)
+          reg.OAMaddr = 0;
      }
-      if (!reg.ShowBG) break;
+      if (!reg.ShowBG)
+        break;
      // Reset scrolling (vertical once, horizontal each scanline)
-      if (x_ == 304 && scanline == -1) vaddr.raw = (unsigned)scroll.raw;
+      if (x_ == 304 && scanline == -1)
+        vaddr.raw = (unsigned)scroll.raw;
      if (x_ == 256) {
        vaddr.xcoarse = (unsigned)scroll.xcoarse;
        vaddr.basenta_h = (unsigned)scroll.basenta_h;
@@ -949,7 +967,8 @@ void RenderingTick() {
      }
      // Name table access
      pat_addr = 0x1000 * reg.BGaddr + 16 * NesMmap(ioaddr) + vaddr.yfine;
-      if (!tile_decode_mode) break;
+      if (!tile_decode_mode)
+        break;
      // Push the current tile into shift registers.
      // The bitmap pattern is 16 bits, while the attribute is 2 bits, repeated
      // 8 times.
@@ -976,7 +995,8 @@ void RenderingTick() {
        auto& o = OAM3[sprrenpos];  // Sprite to render on next scanline
        memcpy(&o, &OAM2[sprrenpos], sizeof(o));
        unsigned y = (scanline)-o.y;
-        if (o.attr & 0x80) y ^= (reg.SPsize ? 15 : 7);
+        if (o.attr & 0x80)
+          y ^= (reg.SPsize ? 15 : 7);
        pat_addr = 0x1000 * (reg.SPsize ? (o.index & 0x01) : reg.SPaddr);
        pat_addr += 0x10 * (reg.SPsize ? (o.index & 0xFE) : (o.index & 0xFF));
        pat_addr += (y & 7) + (y & 8) * 2;
@@ -1011,8 +1031,10 @@ void RenderingTick() {
        break;
      }
      ++sprinpos;  // next sprite
-      if (sproutpos < 8) OAM2[sproutpos].y = sprtmp;
-      if (sproutpos < 8) OAM2[sproutpos].sprindex = reg.OAMindex;
+      if (sproutpos < 8)
+        OAM2[sproutpos].y = sprtmp;
+      if (sproutpos < 8)
+        OAM2[sproutpos].sprindex = reg.OAMindex;
      y1 = sprtmp;
      y2 = sprtmp + (reg.SPsize ? 16 : 8);
      if (!(scanline >= y1 && scanline < y2)) {
@@ -1020,19 +1042,23 @@ void RenderingTick() {
      }
      break;
    case 1:
-      if (sproutpos < 8) OAM2[sproutpos].index = sprtmp;
+      if (sproutpos < 8)
+        OAM2[sproutpos].index = sprtmp;
      break;
    case 2:
-      if (sproutpos < 8) OAM2[sproutpos].attr = sprtmp;
+      if (sproutpos < 8)
+        OAM2[sproutpos].attr = sprtmp;
      break;
    case 3:
-      if (sproutpos < 8) OAM2[sproutpos].x_ = sprtmp;
+      if (sproutpos < 8)
+        OAM2[sproutpos].x_ = sprtmp;
      if (sproutpos < 8) {
        ++sproutpos;
      } else {
        reg.SPoverflow = true;
      }
-      if (sprinpos == 2) reg.OAMaddr = 8;
+      if (sprinpos == 2)
+        reg.OAMaddr = 8;
      break;
  }
 }
@@ -1060,13 +1086,17 @@ void RenderPixel() {
      auto& s = OAM3[sno];
      // Check if this sprite is horizontally in range
      unsigned xdiff = x_ - s.x_;
-      if (xdiff >= 8) continue;  // Also matches negative values
+      if (xdiff >= 8)
+        continue;  // Also matches negative values
      // Determine which pixel to display; skip transparent pixels
-      if (!(s.attr & 0x40)) xdiff = 7 - xdiff;
+      if (!(s.attr & 0x40))
+        xdiff = 7 - xdiff;
      u8 spritepixel = (s.pattern >> (xdiff * 2)) & 3;
-      if (!spritepixel) continue;
+      if (!spritepixel)
+        continue;
      // Register sprite-0 hit if applicable
-      if (x_ < 255 && pixel && s.sprindex == 0) reg.SP0hit = true;
+      if (x_ < 255 && pixel && s.sprindex == 0)
+        reg.SP0hit = true;
      // Render the pixel unless behind-background placement wanted
      if (!(s.attr & 0x20) || !pixel) {
        attr = (s.attr & 3) + 4;
@@ -1095,11 +1125,13 @@ void ReadToolAssistedSpeedrunRobotKeys() {
    }
    if (ctrlmask & 0x80) {
      joy_next_[0] = fgetc(fp);
-      if (feof(fp)) joy_next_[0] = 0;
+      if (feof(fp))
+        joy_next_[0] = 0;
    }
    if (ctrlmask & 0x40) {
      joy_next_[1] = fgetc(fp);
-      if (feof(fp)) joy_next_[1] = 0;
+      if (feof(fp))
+        joy_next_[1] = 0;
    }
  }
 }
@@ -1144,18 +1176,23 @@ void Tick() {
      CPU::nmi = reg.InVBlank && reg.NMIenabled;
      break;
  }
-  if (VBlankState != 0) VBlankState += (VBlankState < 0 ? 1 : -1);
-  if (open_bus_decay_timer && !--open_bus_decay_timer) open_bus = 0;
+  if (VBlankState != 0)
+    VBlankState += (VBlankState < 0 ? 1 : -1);
+  if (open_bus_decay_timer && !--open_bus_decay_timer)
+    open_bus = 0;

  // Graphics processing scanline?
  if (scanline < DYN) {
    /* Process graphics for this cycle */
-    if (reg.ShowBGSP) RenderingTick();
-    if (scanline >= 0 && x_ < 256) RenderPixel();
+    if (reg.ShowBGSP)
+      RenderingTick();
+    if (scanline >= 0 && x_ < 256)
+      RenderPixel();
  }

  // Done with the cycle. Check for end of scanline.
-  if (++cycle_counter == 3) cycle_counter = 0;  // For NTSC pixel shifting
+  if (++cycle_counter == 3)
+    cycle_counter = 0;  // For NTSC pixel shifting
  if (++x_ >= scanline_end) {
    // Begin new scanline
    FlushScanline(scanline);
@@ -1242,30 +1279,36 @@ struct channel {
  template <unsigned c>
  int Tick() {
    channel& ch = *this;
-    if (!ChannelsEnabled[c]) return c == 4 ? 64 : 8;
+    if (!ChannelsEnabled[c])
+      return c == 4 ? 64 : 8;
    int wl = (ch.reg.WaveLength + 1) * (c >= 2 ? 1 : 2);
-    if (c == 3) wl = NoisePeriods[ch.reg.NoiseFreq];
+    if (c == 3)
+      wl = NoisePeriods[ch.reg.NoiseFreq];
    int volume = ch.length_counter
                     ? ch.reg.EnvDecayDisable ? ch.reg.FixedVolume : ch.envelope
                     : 0;
    // Sample may change at wavelen intervals.
    auto& S = ch.level;
-    if (!count(ch.wave_counter, wl)) return S;
+    if (!count(ch.wave_counter, wl))
+      return S;
    switch (c) {
      default:  // Square wave. With four different 8-step binary waveforms (32
                // bits of data total).
-        if (wl < 8) return S = 8;
+        if (wl < 8)
+          return S = 8;
        return S = (0xF33C0C04u &
                    (1u << (++ch.phase % 8 + ch.reg.DutyCycle * 8)))
                       ? volume
                       : 0;

      case 2:  // Triangle wave
-        if (ch.length_counter && ch.linear_counter && wl >= 3) ++ch.phase;
+        if (ch.length_counter && ch.linear_counter && wl >= 3)
+          ++ch.phase;
        return S = (ch.phase & 15) ^ ((ch.phase & 16) ? 15 : 0);

      case 3:  // Noise: Linear feedback shift register
-        if (!ch.hold) ch.hold = 1;
+        if (!ch.hold)
+          ch.hold = 1;
        ch.hold =
            (ch.hold >> 1) |
            (((ch.hold ^ (ch.hold >> (ch.reg.NoiseType ? 6 : 1))) & 1) << 14);
@@ -1302,7 +1345,8 @@ struct channel {
          } else {
            v -= 2;
          }
-          if (v >= 0 && v <= 0x7F) ch.linear_counter = v;
+          if (v >= 0 && v <= 0x7F)
+            ch.linear_counter = v;
        }
        return S = ch.linear_counter;
    }
@@ -1338,7 +1382,8 @@ void Write(u8 index, u8 value) {
      ch.linear_counter = ch.reg.LinearCounterInit;
      ch.env_delay = ch.reg.EnvDecayRate;
      ch.envelope = 15;
-      if (index < 8) ch.phase = 0;
+      if (index < 8)
+        ch.phase = 0;
      break;
    case 0x10:
      ch.reg.reg3 = value;
@@ -1384,9 +1429,11 @@ u8 Read() {
  for (c = 0; c < 5; ++c) {
    res |= channels[c].length_counter ? 1 << c : 0;
  }
-  if (PeriodicIRQ) res |= 0x40;
+  if (PeriodicIRQ)
+    res |= 0x40;
  PeriodicIRQ = false;
-  if (DMC_IRQ) res |= 0x80;
+  if (DMC_IRQ)
+    res |= 0x80;
  DMC_IRQ = false;
  CPU::intr = false;
  return res;
@@ -1396,7 +1443,8 @@ void Tick() {  // Invoked at CPU's rate.
  // Divide CPU clock by 7457.5 to get a 240 Hz, which controls certain events.
  if ((hz240counter.lo += 2) >= 14915) {
    hz240counter.lo -= 14915;
-    if (++hz240counter.hi >= 4 + FiveCycleDivider) hz240counter.hi = 0;
+    if (++hz240counter.hi >= 4 + FiveCycleDivider)
+      hz240counter.hi = 0;

    // 60 Hz interval: IRQ. IRQ is not invoked in five-cycle mode (48 Hz).
    if (!IRQdisable && !FiveCycleDivider && hz240counter.hi == 0) {
@@ -1422,7 +1470,8 @@ void Tick() {  // Invoked at CPU's rate.
        if (wl >= 8 && ch.reg.SweepEnable && ch.reg.SweepShift) {
          int s = wl >> ch.reg.SweepShift, d[4] = {s, s, ~s, -s};
          wl += d[ch.reg.SweepDecrease * 2 + c];
-          if (wl < 0x800) ch.reg.WaveLength = wl;
+          if (wl < 0x800)
+            ch.reg.WaveLength = wl;
        }

      // Linear tick (triangle wave only)
@@ -1464,20 +1513,24 @@ namespace CPU {

 void Tick() {
  // PPU clock: 3 times the CPU rate
-  for (unsigned n = 0; n < 3; ++n) PPU::Tick();
+  for (unsigned n = 0; n < 3; ++n)
+    PPU::Tick();
  // APU clock: 1 times the CPU rate
-  for (unsigned n = 0; n < 1; ++n) APU::Tick();
+  for (unsigned n = 0; n < 1; ++n)
+    APU::Tick();
 }

 template <bool write>
 u8 MemAccess(u16 addr, u8 v) {
  // Memory writes are turned into reads while reset is being signalled
-  if (reset && write) return MemAccess<0>(addr);
+  if (reset && write)
+    return MemAccess<0>(addr);
  Tick();
  // Map the memory from CPU's viewpoint.
  /**/ if (addr < 0x2000) {
    u8& r = RAM[addr & 0x7FF];
-    if (!write) return r;
+    if (!write)
+      return r;
    r = v;
  } else if (addr < 0x4000) {
    return PPU::PpuAccess(addr & 7, v, write);
@@ -1489,17 +1542,21 @@ u8 MemAccess(u16 addr, u8 v) {
            WB(0x2004, RB((v & 7) * 0x0100 + b));
        return 0;
      case 0x15:
-        if (!write) return APU::Read();
+        if (!write)
+          return APU::Read();
        APU::Write(0x15, v);
        break;
      case 0x16:
-        if (!write) return JoyRead(0);
+        if (!write)
+          return JoyRead(0);
        JoyStrobe(v);
        break;
      case 0x17:
-        if (!write) return JoyRead(1);  // write:passthru
+        if (!write)
+          return JoyRead(1);  // write:passthru
      default:
-        if (!write) break;
+        if (!write)
+          break;
        APU::Write(addr & 0x1F, v);
    }
  } else {
@@ -1527,7 +1584,8 @@ u16 wrap(u16 oldaddr, u16 newaddr) {
 }
 void Misfire(u16 old, u16 addr) {
  u16 q = wrap(old, addr);
-  if (q != addr) RB(q);
+  if (q != addr)
+    RB(q);
 }
 u8 Pop() {
  return RB(0x100 | u8(++S));
@@ -1655,7 +1713,8 @@ void Op() {
  } else if (intr && !P.I) {
    op = 0x102;
  }
-  if (!nmi_now) nmi_edge_detected = false;
+  if (!nmi_now)
+    nmi_edge_detected = false;

    // Define function pointers for each opcode (00..FF) and each interrupt
    // (100,101,102)
@@ -1757,12 +1816,15 @@ Press enter to continue without sound: ",
  fgetc(fp);
  fgetc(fp);

-  if (mappernum >= 0x40) mappernum &= 15;
+  if (mappernum >= 0x40)
+    mappernum &= 15;
  GamePak::mappernum = mappernum;

  // Read the ROM data
-  if (rom16count) GamePak::ROM.resize(rom16count * 0x4000);
-  if (vrom8count) GamePak::VRAM.resize(vrom8count * 0x2000);
+  if (rom16count)
+    GamePak::ROM.resize(rom16count * 0x4000);
+  if (vrom8count)
+    GamePak::VRAM.resize(vrom8count * 0x2000);
  fread(&GamePak::ROM[0], rom16count, 0x4000, fp);
  fread(&GamePak::VRAM[0], vrom8count, 0x2000, fp);

@@ -1776,10 +1838,12 @@ Press enter to continue without sound: ",
  PPU::reg.value = 0;

  // Pre-initialize RAM the same way as FCEUX does, to improve TAS sync.
-  for (unsigned a = 0; a < 0x800; ++a) CPU::RAM[a] = (a & 4) ? 0xFF : 0x00;
+  for (unsigned a = 0; a < 0x800; ++a)
+    CPU::RAM[a] = (a & 4) ? 0xFF : 0x00;

  // Run the CPU until the program is killed.
-  for (;;) CPU::Op();
+  for (;;)
+    CPU::Op();
 }

 wontreturn void PrintUsage(int rc, FILE* f) {
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_OBJS =					\
 EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_DIRECTDEPS =				\
 	EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_LIB				\
 	LIBC_INTRIN					\
+	LIBC_MEM					\
 	LIBC_STDIO					\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_LIB_A_CHECKS =					\
 EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_LIB_A_DIRECTDEPS =				\
 	LIBC_INTRIN						\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E						\
+	LIBC_MEM						\
 	LIBC_STDIO

 # Evaluates variable as set of transitive package dependencies.
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 #include <stdio.h>

-#define PARSE_AND_PRINT(type, scan_fmt, print_fmt, str)       \
-  do {                                                        \
-    type val; int ret;                                        \
-    ret = sscanf(str, scan_fmt, &val);                        \
-    printf("\"%s\" => " print_fmt " = %d\n", str, val, ret);  \
+#define PARSE_AND_PRINT(type, scan_fmt, print_fmt, str)      \
+  do {                                                       \
+    type val;                                                \
+    int ret;                                                 \
+    ret = sscanf(str, scan_fmt, &val);                       \
+    printf("\"%s\" => " print_fmt " = %d\n", str, val, ret); \
  } while (0)

-int main()
-{
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "0.3715");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", ".3715");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "3715");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "111.11");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-2.22");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "Nan");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "nAn(2)");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-NAN(_asdfZXCV1234_)");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-nan");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "+nan");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "inF");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "iNfINiTy");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "+inf");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-inf");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "1.18973e+4932zzz");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%.10f", "   -0.0000000123junk");
-    PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "junk");
-    return 0;
+int main() {
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "0.3715");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", ".3715");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "3715");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "111.11");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-2.22");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "Nan");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "nAn(2)");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-NAN(_asdfZXCV1234_)");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-nan");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "+nan");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "inF");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "iNfINiTy");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "+inf");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "-inf");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "1.18973e+4932zzz");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%.10f", "   -0.0000000123junk");
+  PARSE_AND_PRINT(float, "%f", "%f", "junk");
+  return 0;
 }
@@ -123,14 +123,16 @@ int picolParseCommand(struct picolParser *p) {
    } else if (*p->p == '[' && blevel == 0) {
      level++;
    } else if (*p->p == ']' && blevel == 0) {
-      if (!--level) break;
+      if (!--level)
+        break;
    } else if (*p->p == '\\') {
      p->p++;
      p->len--;
    } else if (*p->p == '{') {
      blevel++;
    } else if (*p->p == '}') {
-      if (blevel != 0) blevel--;
+      if (blevel != 0)
+        blevel--;
    }
    p->p++;
    p->len--;
@@ -270,11 +272,13 @@ int picolGetToken(struct picolParser *p) {
      case ' ':
      case '\t':
      case '\r':
-        if (p->insidequote) return picolParseString(p);
+        if (p->insidequote)
+          return picolParseString(p);
        return picolParseSep(p);
      case '\n':
      case ';':
-        if (p->insidequote) return picolParseString(p);
+        if (p->insidequote)
+          return picolParseString(p);
        return picolParseEol(p);
      case '[':
        return picolParseCommand(p);
@@ -310,7 +314,8 @@ void picolSetResult(struct picolInterp *i, char *s) {
 struct picolVar *picolGetVar(struct picolInterp *i, char *name) {
  struct picolVar *v = i->callframe->vars;
  while (v) {
-    if (strcmp(v->name, name) == 0) return v;
+    if (strcmp(v->name, name) == 0)
+      return v;
    v = v->next;
  }
  return NULL;
@@ -334,7 +339,8 @@ int picolSetVar(struct picolInterp *i, char *name, char *val) {
 struct picolCmd *picolGetCommand(struct picolInterp *i, char *name) {
  struct picolCmd *c = i->commands;
  while (c) {
-    if (strcmp(c->name, name) == 0) return c;
+    if (strcmp(c->name, name) == 0)
+      return c;
    c = c->next;
  }
  return NULL;
@@ -372,9 +378,11 @@ int picolEval(struct picolInterp *i, char *t) {
    int tlen;
    int prevtype = p.type;
    picolGetToken(&p);
-    if (p.type == PT_EOF) break;
+    if (p.type == PT_EOF)
+      break;
    tlen = p.end - p.start + 1;
-    if (tlen < 0) tlen = 0;
+    if (tlen < 0)
+      tlen = 0;
    t = malloc(tlen + 1);
    memcpy(t, p.start, tlen);
    t[tlen] = '\0';
@@ -392,7 +400,8 @@ int picolEval(struct picolInterp *i, char *t) {
    } else if (p.type == PT_CMD) {
      retcode = picolEval(i, t);
      free(t);
-      if (retcode != PICOL_OK) goto err;
+      if (retcode != PICOL_OK)
+        goto err;
      t = strdup(i->result);
    } else if (p.type == PT_ESC) {
      /* XXX: escape handling missing! */
@@ -414,10 +423,12 @@ int picolEval(struct picolInterp *i, char *t) {
          goto err;
        }
        retcode = c->func(i, argc, argv, c->privdata);
-        if (retcode != PICOL_OK) goto err;
+        if (retcode != PICOL_OK)
+          goto err;
      }
      /* Prepare for the next command */
-      for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) free(argv[j]);
+      for (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
+        free(argv[j]);
      free(argv);
      argv = NULL;
      argc = 0;
@@ -438,7 +449,8 @@ int picolEval(struct picolInterp *i, char *t) {
    prevtype = p.type;
  }
 err:
-  for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) free(argv[j]);
+  for (j = 0; j < argc; j++)
+    free(argv[j]);
  free(argv);
  return retcode;
 }
@@ -454,7 +466,8 @@ int picolArityErr(struct picolInterp *i, char *name) {
 int picolCommandMath(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
  char buf[64];
  int a, b, c;
-  if (argc != 3) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 3)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  a = atoi(argv[1]);
  b = atoi(argv[2]);
  if (argv[0][0] == '+')
@@ -485,22 +498,26 @@ int picolCommandMath(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
 }

 int picolCommandSet(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
-  if (argc != 3) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 3)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  picolSetVar(i, argv[1], argv[2]);
  picolSetResult(i, argv[2]);
  return PICOL_OK;
 }

 int picolCommandPuts(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
-  if (argc != 2) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 2)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  printf("%s\n", argv[1]);
  return PICOL_OK;
 }

 int picolCommandIf(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
  int retcode;
-  if (argc != 3 && argc != 5) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
-  if ((retcode = picolEval(i, argv[1])) != PICOL_OK) return retcode;
+  if (argc != 3 && argc != 5)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if ((retcode = picolEval(i, argv[1])) != PICOL_OK)
+    return retcode;
  if (atoi(i->result))
    return picolEval(i, argv[2]);
  else if (argc == 5)
@@ -509,10 +526,12 @@ int picolCommandIf(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
 }

 int picolCommandWhile(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
-  if (argc != 3) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 3)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  while (1) {
    int retcode = picolEval(i, argv[1]);
-    if (retcode != PICOL_OK) return retcode;
+    if (retcode != PICOL_OK)
+      return retcode;
    if (atoi(i->result)) {
      if ((retcode = picolEval(i, argv[2])) == PICOL_CONTINUE)
        continue;
@@ -530,7 +549,8 @@ int picolCommandWhile(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {

 int picolCommandRetCodes(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv,
                         void *pd) {
-  if (argc != 1) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 1)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "break") == 0)
    return PICOL_BREAK;
  else if (strcmp(argv[0], "continue") == 0)
@@ -564,25 +584,31 @@ int picolCommandCallProc(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv,
  tofree = p;
  while (1) {
    char *start = p;
-    while (*p != ' ' && *p != '\0') p++;
+    while (*p != ' ' && *p != '\0')
+      p++;
    if (*p != '\0' && p == start) {
      p++;
      continue;
    }
-    if (p == start) break;
+    if (p == start)
+      break;
    if (*p == '\0')
      done = 1;
    else
      *p = '\0';
-    if (++arity > argc - 1) goto arityerr;
+    if (++arity > argc - 1)
+      goto arityerr;
    picolSetVar(i, start, argv[arity]);
    p++;
-    if (done) break;
+    if (done)
+      break;
  }
  free(tofree);
-  if (arity != argc - 1) goto arityerr;
+  if (arity != argc - 1)
+    goto arityerr;
  errcode = picolEval(i, body);
-  if (errcode == PICOL_RETURN) errcode = PICOL_OK;
+  if (errcode == PICOL_RETURN)
+    errcode = PICOL_OK;
  picolDropCallFrame(i); /* remove the called proc callframe */
  return errcode;
 arityerr:
@@ -594,14 +620,16 @@ arityerr:

 int picolCommandProc(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
  char **procdata = malloc(sizeof(char *) * 2);
-  if (argc != 4) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 4)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  procdata[0] = strdup(argv[2]); /* arguments list */
  procdata[1] = strdup(argv[3]); /* procedure body */
  return picolRegisterCommand(i, argv[1], picolCommandCallProc, procdata);
 }

 int picolCommandReturn(struct picolInterp *i, int argc, char **argv, void *pd) {
-  if (argc != 1 && argc != 2) return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
+  if (argc != 1 && argc != 2)
+    return picolArityErr(i, argv[0]);
  picolSetResult(i, (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : "");
  return PICOL_RETURN;
 }
@@ -631,9 +659,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
      int retcode;
      printf("picol> ");
      fflush(stdout);
-      if (fgets(clibuf, 1024, stdin) == NULL) return 0;
+      if (fgets(clibuf, 1024, stdin) == NULL)
+        return 0;
      retcode = picolEval(&interp, clibuf);
-      if (interp.result[0] != '\0') printf("[%d] %s\n", retcode, interp.result);
+      if (interp.result[0] != '\0')
+        printf("[%d] %s\n", retcode, interp.result);
    }
  } else if (argc == 2) {
    char buf[1024 * 16];
@@ -644,7 +674,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    }
    buf[fread(buf, 1, 1024 * 16, fp)] = '\0';
    fclose(fp);
-    if (picolEval(&interp, buf) != PICOL_OK) printf("%s\n", interp.result);
+    if (picolEval(&interp, buf) != PICOL_OK)
+      printf("%s\n", interp.result);
  }
  return 0;
 }
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

  const char *prog = argv[0];
-  if (!prog) prog = "rusage";
+  if (!prog)
+    prog = "rusage";

  if (argc < 2) {
    tinyprint(2, prog, ": missing command\n", NULL);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/s.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"
 #include "third_party/getopt/getopt.internal.h"
 // clang-format off

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/itimer.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/sa.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"

 volatile bool gotalrm;

@@ -50,8 +50,10 @@ static char *Ithoa(char p[27], unsigned long x) {
  } while (x);
  for (;;) {
    *p++ = m[--i];
-    if (!i) break;
-    if (!(i % 3)) *p++ = ',';
+    if (!i)
+      break;
+    if (!(i % 3))
+      *p++ = ',';
  }
  *p = '\0';
  return p;
@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ void Append(intptr_t i, char *s) {
 int Compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
  struct Thing *x = (struct Thing *)a;
  struct Thing *y = (struct Thing *)b;
-  if (x->i < y->i) return +1;
-  if (x->i > y->i) return -1;
+  if (x->i < y->i)
+    return +1;
+  if (x->i > y->i)
+    return -1;
  return 0;
 }

@@ -46,19 +48,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  Append((uintptr_t)__oldstack, "__oldstack");
  for (int i = 0;; ++i) {
    Append((uintptr_t)&argv[i], xasprintf("&argv[%d] = %`'s", i, argv[i]));
-    if (!argv[i]) break;
+    if (!argv[i])
+      break;
    Append((uintptr_t)argv[i], xasprintf("argv[%d] = %`'s", i, argv[i]));
  }
  for (int i = 0;; ++i) {
    Append((uintptr_t)&environ[i],
           xasprintf("&environ[%d] = %`'s", i, environ[i]));
-    if (!environ[i]) break;
+    if (!environ[i])
+      break;
    Append((uintptr_t)environ[i],
           xasprintf("environ[%d] = %`'s", i, environ[i]));
  }
  for (int i = 0;; i += 2) {
    Append((uintptr_t)&__auxv[i], xasprintf("&auxv[%d] = %ld", i, __auxv[i]));
-    if (!__auxv[i]) break;
+    if (!__auxv[i])
+      break;
    Append((uintptr_t)&__auxv[i + 1],
           xasprintf("&auxv[%d] = %#lx", i + 1, __auxv[i + 1]));
  }
@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
 #include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
+#include "libc/assert.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/mem/gc.h"
+#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/s.h"
-#include "libc/x/xiso8601.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"

 /**
 * @fileoverview File metadata viewer.
@@ -27,6 +29,23 @@

 bool numeric;

+char *xiso8601(struct timespec ts) {
+  struct tm tm;
+  if (!localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &tm))
+    return 0;
+  int len = 128;
+  char *res = malloc(len);
+  char *ptr = res;
+  char *end = res + len;
+  if (!res)
+    return 0;
+  ptr += strftime(ptr, end - ptr, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
+  ptr += snprintf(ptr, end - ptr, ".%09ld", ts.tv_nsec);
+  ptr += strftime(ptr, end - ptr, "%z %Z", &tm);
+  unassert(ptr + 1 <= end);
+  return res;
+}
+
 const char *DescribeFileType(unsigned mode) {
  switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
    case S_IFIFO:
@@ -74,16 +93,16 @@ void PrintFileMetadata(const char *pathname, struct stat *st) {
         "%-32s%s\n"
         "%-32s%s\n"
         "%-32s%s\n",
-         "bytes in file", st->st_size, "physical bytes", st->st_blocks * 512,
-         "device id w/ file", st->st_dev, "inode", st->st_ino,
-         "hard link count", st->st_nlink, "mode / permissions", st->st_mode,
-         DescribeFileType(st->st_mode), "owner id", st->st_uid, "group id",
-         st->st_gid, "flags", st->st_flags, "gen", st->st_gen,
-         "device id (if special)", st->st_rdev, "block size", st->st_blksize,
-         "access time", gc(xiso8601(&st->st_atim)), "modified time",
-         gc(xiso8601(&st->st_mtim)), "c[omplicated]time",
-         gc(xiso8601(&st->st_ctim)), "birthtime",
-         gc(xiso8601(&st->st_birthtim)));
+         "bytes in file:", st->st_size, "physical bytes:", st->st_blocks * 512,
+         "device id w/ file:", st->st_dev, "inode:", st->st_ino,
+         "hard link count:", st->st_nlink, "mode / permissions:", st->st_mode,
+         DescribeFileType(st->st_mode), "owner id:", st->st_uid,
+         "group id:", st->st_gid, "flags:", st->st_flags, "gen:", st->st_gen,
+         "device id (if special):", st->st_rdev, "block size:", st->st_blksize,
+         "access time:", gc(xiso8601(st->st_atim)),
+         "modified time:", gc(xiso8601(st->st_mtim)),
+         "c[omplicated]time:", gc(xiso8601(st->st_ctim)),
+         "[birthtime]:", gc(xiso8601(st->st_birthtim)));
 }

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#include <fenv.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "libc/calls/struct/aarch64.internal.h"
+
+/*
+   Do you put lots of assert(!isnan(x)) in your code??
+   Your microprocessor has a feature to automate this.
+
+       Uncaught SIGFPE (FPE_FLTINV)
+       __math_invalidf at libc/tinymath/math_errf.c:88
+       logf at libc/tinymath/logf.c:100
+       main at examples/trapping.c:29
+       cosmo at libc/runtime/cosmo.S:105
+       _start at libc/crt/crt.S:116
+
+   This file shows how to use floating point exception
+   trapping with Cosmopolitan Libc.
+*/
+
+#define TRAPS (FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW)
+
+void spring_trap(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *arg) {
+
+  // print signal safely
+  const char *msg;
+  int sic = si->si_code;
+  if (sic == FPE_INTDIV)
+    msg = "FPE_INTDIV: ";  // integer divide by zero
+  else if (sic == FPE_INTOVF)
+    msg = "FPE_INTOVF: ";  // integer overflow
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTDIV)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTDIV: ";  // floating point divide by zero
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTOVF)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTOVF: ";  // floating point overflow
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTUND)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTUND: ";  // floating point underflow
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTRES)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTRES: ";  // floating point inexact
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTINV)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTINV: ";  // invalid floating point operation
+  else if (sic == FPE_FLTSUB)
+    msg = "FPE_FLTSUB: ";  // subscript out of range
+  else
+    msg = "SIGFPE: ";
+  write(1, msg, strlen(msg));
+
+  // recover from trap so that execution may resume
+  // without this the same signal will just keep getting raised
+  ucontext_t *ctx = arg;
+#ifdef __x86_64__
+  if (ctx->uc_mcontext.fpregs) {
+    ctx->uc_mcontext.fpregs->mxcsr |= TRAPS << 7;  // disable traps
+    ctx->uc_mcontext.fpregs->mxcsr &= ~TRAPS;      // clear cages
+    return;
+  }
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+  struct _aarch64_ctx *ac;
+  for (ac = (struct _aarch64_ctx *)ctx->uc_mcontext.__reserved; ac->magic;
+       ac = (struct _aarch64_ctx *)((char *)ac + ac->size)) {
+    if (ac->magic == FPSIMD_MAGIC) {
+      struct fpsimd_context *sm = (struct fpsimd_context *)ac;
+      sm->fpcr &= ~(TRAPS << 8);  // disable traps
+      sm->fpsr &= ~TRAPS;         // clear cages
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // exit if we can't recover execution
+  msg = "cannot recover from signal\n";
+  write(1, msg, strlen(msg));
+  _exit(1);
+}
+
+void setup_trap(void) {
+  struct sigaction sa;
+  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+  sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+  sa.sa_sigaction = spring_trap;
+  sigaction(SIGFPE, &sa, 0);
+}
+
+void activate_trap(void) {
+  feclearexcept(TRAPS);
+  if (feenableexcept(TRAPS)) {
+    static bool once;
+    if (!once) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "warning: trapping math isn't supported on this cpu\n");
+      once = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+float ident(float x) {
+  return x;
+}
+float (*veil)(float) = ident;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  float x;
+  setup_trap();
+
+  // test illegal math
+  activate_trap();
+  x = 0 / veil(0);
+  printf("0/0 = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test divide by zero
+  activate_trap();
+  x = 1 / veil(0);
+  printf("1/0 = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test divide by zero again
+  activate_trap();
+  x = -1 / veil(0);
+  printf("-1/0 = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test domain error
+  activate_trap();
+  x = logf(veil(-1));
+  printf("log(-1) = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test imaginary number
+  activate_trap();
+  x = sqrtf(veil(-1));
+  printf("sqrt(-1) = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test overflow
+  activate_trap();
+  x = expf(veil(88.8));
+  printf("expf(88.8) = %g\n", x);
+
+  // test underflow
+  activate_trap();
+  x = expf(veil(-104));
+  printf("expf(-104) = %g\n", x);
+}
@@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    dprintf(outfd, "%`'.*s (got %d) ", n, code, n);
    if (iscntrl(code[0]) && !code[1]) {
      dprintf(outfd, "is CTRL-%c a.k.a. ^%c\r\n", CTRL(code[0]), CTRL(code[0]));
-      if (code[0] == CTRL('C') || code[0] == CTRL('D')) break;
+      if (code[0] == CTRL('C') || code[0] == CTRL('D'))
+        break;
    } else if (startswith(code, "\e[") && endswith(code, "R")) {
      yn = 1, xn = 1;
      sscanf(code, "\e[%d;%dR", &yn, &xn);
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  struct utsname names;
-  if (uname(&names)) return 1;
+  if (uname(&names))
+    return 1;
  printf("%-10s %`'s\n", "sysname", names.sysname);
  printf("%-10s %`'s\n", "release", names.release);
  printf("%-10s %`'s\n", "version", names.version);
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
 #endif
 #include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/ftw.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/s.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/ftw.h"

 /**
 * @fileoverview Directory walker example.
@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ static int display_info(const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb, int tflag,
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int flags = 0;
  const char *dir;
-  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'd') != NULL) flags |= FTW_DEPTH;
-  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'p') != NULL) flags |= FTW_PHYS;
+  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'd') != NULL)
+    flags |= FTW_DEPTH;
+  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'p') != NULL)
+    flags |= FTW_PHYS;
  dir = argc < 2 ? "." : argv[1];
  if (nftw(dir, display_info, 20, flags) == -1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nftw() failed: %s: %s\n", strerror(errno), dir);
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
-#include "libc/time/struct/tm.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"
 #include "third_party/getopt/getopt.internal.h"
 #include "third_party/musl/passwd.h"

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  appends(&msg, "\e[1m");  // bold text
  appendf(&msg, "Broadcast message from %s@%s", getpwuid(getuid())->pw_name,
          GetHost());
-  if (isatty(0) && (s = ttyname(0))) appendf(&msg, " (%s)", s);
+  if (isatty(0) && (s = ttyname(0)))
+    appendf(&msg, " (%s)", s);
  appendf(&msg, " (%s):\r\n", GetTime());
  appends(&msg, "\e[K");

@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  if (optind < argc) {
    // use cli arguments as message if they exist
    for (int i = 0; optind + i < argc; ++i) {
-      if (i) appends(&msg, " ");
+      if (i)
+        appends(&msg, " ");
      for (s = argv[optind + i]; *s; ++s) {
        if (*s == '\n') {
          appends(&msg, "\r\n\e[K");
@@ -135,8 +137,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    char pts[32];
    snprintf(pts, sizeof(pts), "/dev/pts/%d", i);
    if ((fd = open(pts, O_WRONLY | O_NOCTTY)) == -1) {
-      if (errno == ENOENT) continue;
-      if (g_verbose) perror(pts);
+      if (errno == ENOENT)
+        continue;
+      if (g_verbose)
+        perror(pts);
    }
    write(fd, msg, appendz(msg).i);
    close(fd);
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 PKGS += LIBC

 LIBC_ISYSTEM = \
-libc/isystem/algorithm \
 libc/isystem/alloca.h \
 libc/isystem/ammintrin.h \
-libc/isystem/any \
 libc/isystem/ar.h \
 libc/isystem/arm_acle.h \
 libc/isystem/arm_bf16.h \
@@ -15,51 +13,16 @@ libc/isystem/arm_fp16.h \
 libc/isystem/arm_neon.h \
 libc/isystem/arpa/inet.h \
 libc/isystem/arpa/nameser.h \
-libc/isystem/array \
 libc/isystem/assert.h \
-libc/isystem/atomic \
-libc/isystem/bit \
-libc/isystem/bitset \
 libc/isystem/byteswap.h \
-libc/isystem/cassert \
-libc/isystem/ccomplex \
-libc/isystem/cctype \
-libc/isystem/cerrno \
-libc/isystem/cfenv \
-libc/isystem/cfloat \
-libc/isystem/charconv \
-libc/isystem/chrono \
-libc/isystem/cinttypes \
-libc/isystem/ciso646 \
-libc/isystem/climits \
-libc/isystem/clocale \
 libc/isystem/clzerointrin.h \
-libc/isystem/cmath \
-libc/isystem/codecvt \
-libc/isystem/compare \
-libc/isystem/complex \
 libc/isystem/complex.h \
-libc/isystem/condition_variable \
 libc/isystem/cosmo.h \
 libc/isystem/cpio.h \
 libc/isystem/cpuid.h \
 libc/isystem/crypt.h \
-libc/isystem/csetjmp \
-libc/isystem/csignal \
-libc/isystem/cstdarg \
-libc/isystem/cstdbool \
-libc/isystem/cstddef \
-libc/isystem/cstdint \
-libc/isystem/cstdio \
-libc/isystem/cstdlib \
-libc/isystem/cstring \
-libc/isystem/ctgmath \
-libc/isystem/ctime \
 libc/isystem/ctype.h \
-libc/isystem/cwchar \
-libc/isystem/cwctype \
 libc/isystem/cxxabi.h \
-libc/isystem/deque \
 libc/isystem/dirent.h \
 libc/isystem/dlfcn.h \
 libc/isystem/elf.h \
@@ -67,57 +30,37 @@ libc/isystem/emmintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/endian.h \
 libc/isystem/err.h \
 libc/isystem/errno.h \
-libc/isystem/exception \
-libc/isystem/execution \
 libc/isystem/fcntl.h \
 libc/isystem/features.h \
 libc/isystem/fenv.h \
-libc/isystem/filesystem \
 libc/isystem/float.h \
 libc/isystem/fnmatch.h \
-libc/isystem/forward_list \
-libc/isystem/fstream \
 libc/isystem/ftw.h \
-libc/isystem/functional \
-libc/isystem/future \
 libc/isystem/getopt.h \
 libc/isystem/glob.h \
 libc/isystem/grp.h \
 libc/isystem/iconv.h \
 libc/isystem/ifaddrs.h \
 libc/isystem/immintrin.h \
-libc/isystem/initializer_list \
 libc/isystem/inttypes.h \
-libc/isystem/iomanip \
-libc/isystem/ios \
-libc/isystem/iosfwd \
-libc/isystem/iostream \
 libc/isystem/iso646.h \
-libc/isystem/istream \
-libc/isystem/iterator \
 libc/isystem/langinfo.h \
 libc/isystem/libgen.h \
-libc/isystem/limits \
 libc/isystem/limits.h \
 libc/isystem/link.h \
 libc/isystem/linux/futex.h \
 libc/isystem/linux/limits.h \
 libc/isystem/linux/param.h \
 libc/isystem/linux/types.h \
-libc/isystem/list \
-libc/isystem/locale \
 libc/isystem/locale.h \
 libc/isystem/malloc.h \
-libc/isystem/map \
 libc/isystem/math.h \
-libc/isystem/memory \
 libc/isystem/memory.h \
 libc/isystem/mm3dnow.h \
 libc/isystem/mm_malloc.h \
 libc/isystem/mmintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/mntent.h \
 libc/isystem/monetary.h \
-libc/isystem/mutex \
 libc/isystem/mwaitxintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/net/ethernet.h \
 libc/isystem/net/if.h \
@@ -127,7 +70,6 @@ libc/isystem/netinet/in.h \
 libc/isystem/netinet/ip.h \
 libc/isystem/netinet/tcp.h \
 libc/isystem/netinet/udp.h \
-libc/isystem/new \
 libc/isystem/nl_types.h \
 libc/isystem/nmmintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/nsync.h \
@@ -141,12 +83,9 @@ libc/isystem/nsync_note.h \
 libc/isystem/nsync_once.h \
 libc/isystem/nsync_time.h \
 libc/isystem/nsync_waiter.h \
-libc/isystem/numeric \
 libc/isystem/omp-tools.h \
 libc/isystem/omp.h \
 libc/isystem/ompx.h \
-libc/isystem/optional \
-libc/isystem/ostream \
 libc/isystem/paths.h \
 libc/isystem/pmmintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/poll.h \
@@ -154,27 +93,17 @@ libc/isystem/popcntintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/pthread.h \
 libc/isystem/pty.h \
 libc/isystem/pwd.h \
-libc/isystem/queue \
-libc/isystem/random \
-libc/isystem/ratio \
-libc/isystem/regex \
 libc/isystem/regex.h \
 libc/isystem/resolv.h \
 libc/isystem/sched.h \
-libc/isystem/scoped_allocator \
 libc/isystem/search.h \
 libc/isystem/semaphore.h \
-libc/isystem/set \
 libc/isystem/setjmp.h \
 libc/isystem/sgxintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/shadow.h \
-libc/isystem/shared_mutex \
 libc/isystem/signal.h \
 libc/isystem/smmintrin.h \
-libc/isystem/span \
 libc/isystem/spawn.h \
-libc/isystem/sstream \
-libc/isystem/stack \
 libc/isystem/stdalign.h \
 libc/isystem/stdarg.h \
 libc/isystem/stdatomic.h \
@@ -182,18 +111,13 @@ libc/isystem/stdbool.h \
 libc/isystem/stdc-predef.h \
 libc/isystem/stdckdint.h \
 libc/isystem/stddef.h \
-libc/isystem/stdexcept \
 libc/isystem/stdint.h \
 libc/isystem/stdio.h \
 libc/isystem/stdio_ext.h \
 libc/isystem/stdlib.h \
 libc/isystem/stdnoreturn.h \
-libc/isystem/streambuf \
-libc/isystem/string \
 libc/isystem/string.h \
-libc/isystem/string_view \
 libc/isystem/strings.h \
-libc/isystem/strstream \
 libc/isystem/sys/auxv.h \
 libc/isystem/sys/cdefs.h \
 libc/isystem/sys/dir.h \
@@ -238,38 +162,26 @@ libc/isystem/sys/vfs.h \
 libc/isystem/sys/wait.h \
 libc/isystem/sysexits.h \
 libc/isystem/syslog.h \
-libc/isystem/system_error \
 libc/isystem/termios.h \
 libc/isystem/tgmath.h \
-libc/isystem/thread \
+libc/isystem/threads.h \
 libc/isystem/time.h \
 libc/isystem/tmmintrin.h \
-libc/isystem/tuple \
-libc/isystem/type_traits \
-libc/isystem/typeindex \
-libc/isystem/typeinfo \
 libc/isystem/uchar.h \
 libc/isystem/ucontext.h \
 libc/isystem/uio.h \
 libc/isystem/unistd.h \
-libc/isystem/unordered_map \
-libc/isystem/unordered_set \
 libc/isystem/unwind.h \
-libc/isystem/utility \
 libc/isystem/utime.h \
 libc/isystem/utmp.h \
 libc/isystem/utmpx.h \
-libc/isystem/valarray \
-libc/isystem/variant \
-libc/isystem/vector \
-libc/isystem/version \
 libc/isystem/wait.h \
 libc/isystem/wchar.h \
 libc/isystem/wctype.h \
 libc/isystem/winternl.h \
 libc/isystem/wmmintrin.h \
 libc/isystem/x86intrin.h \
-libc/isystem/xmmintrin.h
+libc/isystem/xmmintrin.h \

 LIBC_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(LIBC_FILES)) $(LIBC_ISYSTEM)
 LIBC_HDRS_H = $(filter %.h,$(LIBC_HDRS))
@@ -299,7 +211,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/libc:	o/$(MODE)/libc/calls		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/sysv		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/testlib		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/thread		\
-		o/$(MODE)/libc/time		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/tinymath		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/vga		\
 		o/$(MODE)/libc/x		\
@@ -147,6 +147,13 @@ o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/pledge-linux.o: private		\
 			-fPIC				\
 			-ffreestanding

+# we want -Os because:
+#   it makes a big difference
+#   it gets called very rarely
+o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/sigcrashsig.o: private		\
+		CFLAGS +=				\
+			-Os
+
 # these assembly files are safe to build on aarch64
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/getcontext.o: libc/calls/getcontext.S
 	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -c $<
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ int _ptsname(int fd, char *buf, size_t size) {
  t.sn[5] = 0;

  if (IsLinux()) {
-    if (sys_ioctl(fd, TIOCGPTN, &pty)) return -1;
+    if (sys_ioctl(fd, TIOCGPTN, &pty))
+      return -1;
    t.sn[5] = 'p';
    t.sn[6] = 't';
    t.sn[7] = 's';
@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@ int sys_munlock(const void *, size_t) libcesque;
 int sys_munlockall(void) libcesque;
 int sys_personality(uint64_t) libcesque;
 int sys_ptrace(int, ...) libcesque;
-int sys_sysctl(const int *, unsigned, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+int sysctl(int *, unsigned, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t) libcesque;
+int sysctlbyname(const char *, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t) libcesque;
+int sysctlnametomib(const char *, int *, size_t *) libcesque;
 int tmpfd(void) libcesque;
 int touch(const char *, unsigned) libcesque;
 int unveil(const char *, const char *) libcesque;
@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@ int cfsetispeed(struct termios *t, uint32_t speed) {
 * @asyncsignalsafe
 */
 int cfsetspeed(struct termios *t, uint32_t speed) {
-  if (cfsetispeed(t, speed) == -1) return -1;
-  if (cfsetospeed(t, speed) == -1) return -1;
+  if (cfsetispeed(t, speed) == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (cfsetospeed(t, speed) == -1)
+    return -1;
  return 0;
 }
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ textwindows int sys_chdir_nt_impl(char16_t path[hasatleast PATH_MAX],
  char16_t var[4];

  if (len && path[len - 1] != u'\\') {
-    if (len + 2 > PATH_MAX) return enametoolong();
+    if (len + 2 > PATH_MAX)
+      return enametoolong();
    path[len + 0] = u'\\';
    path[len + 1] = u'\0';
  }
@@ -84,7 +85,9 @@ textwindows int sys_chdir_nt_impl(char16_t path[hasatleast PATH_MAX],
 textwindows int sys_chdir_nt(const char *path) {
  int len;
  char16_t path16[PATH_MAX];
-  if ((len = __mkntpath(path, path16)) == -1) return -1;
-  if (!len) return enoent();
+  if ((len = __mkntpath(path, path16)) == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (!len)
+    return enoent();
  return sys_chdir_nt_impl(path16, len);
 }
@@ -24,11 +24,16 @@

 textwindows int _check_signal(bool restartable) {
  int status;
-  if (_check_cancel() == -1) return -1;
-  if (!_weaken(__sig_check)) return 0;
-  if (!(status = _weaken(__sig_check)())) return 0;
-  if (_check_cancel() == -1) return -1;
-  if (status == 2 && restartable) return 0;
+  if (_check_cancel() == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (!_weaken(__sig_check))
+    return 0;
+  if (!(status = _weaken(__sig_check)()))
+    return 0;
+  if (_check_cancel() == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (status == 2 && restartable)
+    return 0;
  return eintr();
 }

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static dontinline int __clk_tck_init(void) {
    cmd[0] = 1;   // CTL_KERN
    cmd[1] = 12;  // KERN_CLOCKRATE
    len = sizeof(clock);
-    if (sys_sysctl(cmd, 2, &clock, &len, NULL, 0) != -1) {
+    if (sysctl(cmd, 2, &clock, &len, NULL, 0) != -1) {
      x = clock.hz;
    } else {
      x = -1;
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ static dontinline int __clk_tck_init(void) {
  } else {
    x = __getauxval(AT_CLKTCK).value;
  }
-  if (x < 1) x = 100;
+  if (x < 1)
+    x = 100;
  clk_tck = x;
  return x;
 }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "libc/intrin/strace.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/clock.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/time.h"

 static int sys_clock_getres_poly(int clock, struct timespec *ts, int64_t real,
                                 int64_t real_coarse, int64_t boot) {
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ int sys_clock_gettime_mono(struct timespec *time) {
 #ifdef __x86_64__
  // intel architecture guarantees that a mapping exists between rdtsc &
  // nanoseconds only if the cpu advertises invariant timestamps support
-  if (!X86_HAVE(INVTSC)) return -EINVAL;
+  if (!X86_HAVE(INVTSC))
+    return -EINVAL;
 #endif
  cosmo_once(&g_mono.once, sys_clock_gettime_mono_init);
  cycles = rdtsc() - g_mono.base_tick;
@@ -60,14 +60,17 @@ int sys_clock_gettime_xnu(int clock, struct timespec *ts) {
    }
    return 0;
  } else if (clock == CLOCK_MONOTONIC) {
-    if (!ts) return 0;
+    if (!ts)
+      return 0;
    return sys_clock_gettime_mono(ts);
  } else if (clock == CLOCK_BOOTTIME) {
    struct timeval x;
    size_t n = sizeof(x);
    int mib[] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_BOOTTIME};
-    if (sys_sysctl(mib, ARRAYLEN(mib), &x, &n, 0, 0) == -1) return -1;
-    if (ts) *ts = timeval_totimespec(timeval_sub(timeval_real(), x));
+    if (sysctl(mib, ARRAYLEN(mib), &x, &n, 0, 0) == -1)
+      return -1;
+    if (ts)
+      *ts = timeval_totimespec(timeval_sub(timeval_real(), x));
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -EINVAL;
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ int cosmo_clock_nanosleep(int clock, int flags, const struct timespec *req,
  struct timespec quantum = timespec_fromnanos(1000000000 / CLK_TCK);
  clock_gettime(time_clock, &start);
  deadline = flags & TIMER_ABSTIME ? *req : timespec_add(start, *req);
-  if (timespec_cmp(start, deadline) >= 0) return 0;
+  if (timespec_cmp(start, deadline) >= 0)
+    return 0;
  remain = timespec_sub(deadline, start);
  if (timespec_cmp(remain, quantum) > 0) {
    waitfor = timespec_sub(remain, quantum);
@@ -32,10 +32,13 @@ static textwindows int sys_clock_nanosleep_nt_impl(int clock,
  uint32_t msdelay;
  struct timespec now;
  for (;;) {
-    if (sys_clock_gettime_nt(clock, &now)) return -1;
-    if (timespec_cmp(now, abs) >= 0) return 0;
+    if (sys_clock_gettime_nt(clock, &now))
+      return -1;
+    if (timespec_cmp(now, abs) >= 0)
+      return 0;
    msdelay = timespec_tomillis(timespec_sub(abs, now));
-    if (_park_norestart(msdelay, waitmask)) return -1;
+    if (_park_norestart(msdelay, waitmask))
+      return -1;
  }
 }

@@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ textwindows int sys_clock_nanosleep_nt(int clock, int flags,
  if (flags & TIMER_ABSTIME) {
    abs = *req;
  } else {
-    if ((rc = sys_clock_gettime_nt(clock, &now))) goto BailOut;
+    if ((rc = sys_clock_gettime_nt(clock, &now)))
+      goto BailOut;
    abs = timespec_add(now, *req);
  }
  rc = sys_clock_nanosleep_nt_impl(clock, abs, m);
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ int sys_clock_nanosleep_xnu(int clock, int flags, const struct timespec *req,
  } else {
    int rc;
    struct timespec beg;
-    if (rem) sys_clock_gettime_xnu(CLOCK_REALTIME, &beg);
+    if (rem)
+      sys_clock_gettime_xnu(CLOCK_REALTIME, &beg);
    struct timeval rel = timespec_totimeval(*req);  // rounds up
    rc = sys_select(0, 0, 0, 0, &rel);
    if (rc == -1 && rem && errno == EINTR) {
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 #include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"

 textwindows int sys_close_nt(int fd, int fildes) {
-  if (fd + 0u >= g_fds.n) return ebadf();
+  if (fd + 0u >= g_fds.n)
+    return ebadf();
  struct Fd *f = g_fds.p + fd;
  switch (f->kind) {
    case kFdZip:
@@ -97,12 +97,14 @@ int close(int fd) {
    BLOCK_SIGNALS;
    __fds_lock();
    rc = close_impl(fd);
-    if (!__vforked) __releasefd(fd);
+    if (!__vforked)
+      __releasefd(fd);
    __fds_unlock();
    ALLOW_SIGNALS;
  } else {
    rc = close_impl(fd);
-    if (!__vforked) __releasefd(fd);
+    if (!__vforked)
+      __releasefd(fd);
  }
  STRACE("close(%d) → %d% m", fd, rc);
  return rc;