Tell _frozen_importlib to consider bytecode first (#248)

It turns out we needed a file length field.

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# -*- conf -*-
+/build/bootstrap/*.com       binary
+/usr/share/zoneinfo/*        binary

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+# -*- conf -*-
+
 /o
 
+# TODO: Find some way to have Python write to o/
+__pycache__
+
 *.tmp
 /.bochs.log
 /HTAGS

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+virt: lxd
+os: linux
+language: c
+script: make -j4 V=0
+notifications:
+  email: false

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 {
 	"configurations": [
 		{
-			"name": "Linux",
+			"name": "Win32",
 			"includePath": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}"
 			],
 			"cStandard": "c11",
 			"cppStandard": "c++11",
-			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
 			"forcedInclude": ["${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/vscode.h"],
 			"defines": [
 				"libcesque=",
@@ -63,6 +62,50 @@
 				"attributeallocalign(x)=",
 				"nullterminated(x)="
 			]
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "Linux",
+			"includePath": [
+				"${workspaceFolder}"
+			],
+			"cStandard": "gnu17",
+			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
+			"compilerArgs": [
+				"-Wall",
+				"-Werror",
+				"-fdebug-prefix-map=${workspaceFolder}=",
+				"-frecord-gcc-switches",
+				"-Wa,-W",
+				"-Wa,-I.",
+				"-Wa,--noexecstack",
+				"-Wa,--nocompress-debug-sections",
+				"-Og",
+				"-g",
+				"-gdescribe-dies",
+				"-msse3",
+				"-mno-red-zone",
+				"-fno-math-errno",
+				"-fno-trapping-math",
+				"-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact",
+				"-fno-ident",
+				"-fno-common",
+				"-fno-gnu-unique",
+				"-fstrict-aliasing",
+				"-fstrict-overflow",
+				"-fno-semantic-interposition",
+				"-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer",
+				"-fno-jump-tables",
+				"-nostdinc",
+				"-iquote."
+			],
+			"forcedInclude": [
+				"libc/integral/normalize.inc"
+			],
+			"defines": [
+				"COSMO",
+				"MODE=",
+				"IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL=0x400000"
+			]
 		}
 	],
 	"version": 4

.vscode/vscode.h

@@ -1,159 +1,2 @@
 #define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
 #include "libc/integral/normalize.inc"
-
-#if 0
-#define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
-#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__   1
-#define __CHAR_MAX__            0x7F
-#define __SCHAR_MAX__           __CHAR_MAX__
-#define __SHRT_MAX__            0x7FFF
-#define __INT_MAX__             0x7FFFFFFF
-#define __LONG_MAX__            0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
-#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__       __LONG_MAX__
-#define __CHAR_MIN__            -((__CHAR_MAX__) + 1)
-#define __SHRT_MIN__            -((__SHRT_MAX__) + 1)
-#define __INT_MIN__             -((__INT_MAX__) + 1)
-#define __LONG_MIN__            -((__LONG_MAX__) + 1)
-#define __LONG_LONG_MIN__       -((__LONG_LONG_MAX__) + 1)
-#define __UCHAR_MAX__           0xFF
-#define __USHRT_MAX__           0xFFFF
-#define __UINT_MAX__            0xFFFFFFFF
-#define __ULONG_MAX__           0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
-#define __SIZE_MAX__            __ULONG_MAX__
-#define __SSIZE_MAX__           __LONG_MAX__
-#define __UINTPTR_MAX__         __SIZE_MAX__
-#define __INTPTR_MAX__          __SSIZE_MAX__
-#define __WCHAR_MAX__           __UINT_MAX__
-#define __PTRDIFF_MAX__         __UINTPTR_MAX__
-#define __INTMAX_MAX__          __ULONG_MAX__
-#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__      8
-#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__        2
-#define __SIZEOF_INT__          4
-#define __SIZEOF_LONG__         8
-#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__    8
-#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__    8
-#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__       8
-#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__      4
-#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__       4
-#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__        4
-#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT128__     16
-#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__       8
-#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT80__      10
-#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__  16
-#define __FLT_MAX__             1
-#define __DBL_MAX__             1
-
-#define __INT_LEAST8_TYPE__   signed char
-#define __INT_LEAST16_TYPE__  signed short
-#define __INT_LEAST32_TYPE__  signed int
-#define __INT_LEAST64_TYPE__  signed long long
-#define __UINT_LEAST8_TYPE__  unsigned char
-#define __UINT_LEAST16_TYPE__ unsigned short
-#define __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__ unsigned int
-#define __UINT_LEAST64_TYPE__ unsigned long long
-
-#define __UINT8_MAX__  __UCHAR_MAX__
-#define __UINT16_MAX__ __USHRT_MAX__
-#define __UINT32_MAX__ __UINT_MAX__
-#define __UINT64_MAX__ __ULONG_MAX__
-
-#define __INT8_MAX__  __CHAR_MAX__
-#define __INT16_MAX__ __SHRT_MAX__
-#define __INT32_MAX__ __INT_MAX__
-#define __INT64_MAX__ __LONG_MAX__
-
-#define ATEXIT_MAX 1
-#define STACKSIZE  0x10000
-#define ARG_MAX    255
-#define OPEN_MAX   0x7FFF
-#define CHAR_BIT   7
-#define NSIG       1
-#define NULL       (0)
-#define false 0
-#define true (!(false))
-#define COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
-#define COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_
-#define PAGESIZE    0x1000
-#define BIGPAGESIZE 0x10000
-#define NAME_MAX    255
-
-#define SWITCHEROO(...) 0
-
-extern unsigned __log_level;
-
-typedef void * va_list;
-
-#define va_start(...) 0
-#define va_end(...)   0
-#define va_arg(x, y)  (y)(0)
-
-typedef signed char int8_t;
-typedef signed short int16_t;
-typedef signed int int32_t;
-#define int64_t       long long
-#define int128_t      int64_t
-typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
-typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
-typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
-typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
-typedef unsigned long long uint128_t;
-
-typedef int errno_t;
-typedef uint64_t size_t;
-typedef unsigned long long ssize_t;
-typedef uint64_t uintptr_t;
-typedef long long intptr_t;
-
-typedef unsigned long long uintmax_t;
-typedef long long intmax_t;
-
-typedef uint32_t bool32;
-
-#ifndef __cplusplus
-typedef uint8_t bool;
-typedef uint16_t char16_t;
-typedef uint32_t char32_t;
-#endif /* __cplusplus */
-
-typedef char32_t wint_t;
-typedef char32_t wchar_t;
-typedef struct { int ax, dx; } axdx_t;
-
-/* duplicate and replace xmmintrin.internal.h to fix it for IntelliSense
- * SEE: <> */
-
-#define _Vector_size(x) __attribute__((__vector_size__(x)))
-
-#define IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL 0x400000
-#define __SIGACTION(...)   (0)
-#define VEIL(x, y)         (y)
-#define STATIC_YOINK(x)
-#define BUFSIZ                1
-#define FRAMESIZE             0x10000
-#define PATH_MAX              252
-#define concat(x, y, z)       0
-#define CONCAT(a, b, c, d, e) 0
-#define shuffle(...)          0
-#define reverse(x, y)         0
-#define autotype(x)           intptr_t
-
-#define _Generic_(...) (void*)(0)
-#define _Generic(...) _Generic_
-#define _Alignas(...)
-#define _Section(...)
-
-#define offsetof(x, y)   0
-#define INITIALIZER(...) struct _dummy
-#define __far
-#define BENCHLOOP(...) 0
-
-#ifdef __hook
-#undef __hook
-#endif /* __hook */
-
-#ifdef UriKeyval
-#undef UriKeyval
-#endif /* UriKeyval */
-
-#define _Static_assert(...) 0
-#endif /* 0 */

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Contributing Guidelines
+
+We'd love to accept your patches! Please read this guide first.
+
+## Copyright Assignment
+
+Please send an email to Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that
+you intend to assign her the copyright to the changes you contribute to
+Cosmopolitan. Please use the same email address you use for git commits
+which should only contain original source code from you or other people
+who are also assigning copyright. Please note that, if you're employed,
+you may need to get your employer's approval beforehand. If you can not
+assign copyright due to local laws, then you may alternatively consider
+disclaiming it using the language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org)
+or [CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0)
+
+This is important because we can't produce 12kb single-file executables
+that comply with license requirements if we have to embed lots of them.
+Although that's less of an issue depending on the purpose of the files.
+For example, ownership is much less of a concern in the unit test files
+so you're encouraged to put your copyright on those, provided it's ISC.
+
+## Style Guide
+
+You can use clang-format to automatically format your files:
+
+```sh
+clang-format -i -style=file tool/net/redbean.c
+```
+
+If you use Emacs this can be automated on save for Cosmopolitan using
+[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]([tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]).
+
+### Source Files
+
+- Must use include paths relative to the root of the repository
+- Must have comment at top of file documenting copyright and license
+- Must have notice embedding if not owned by Justine (exception: tests)
+- May use language extensions that are supported by both GCC and Clang
+- Should use Google indentation (otherwise use `/* clang-format off */`)
+- Should use asm() instead of compiler APIs (exception: ctz, clz, memcpy)
+
+### Header Files
+
+- Must not have copyright or license comments
+- Must have once guards (otherwise change `.h` to `.inc`)
+- Must be ANSI C89 compatible to be included in the amalgamation header
+- Must include its dependencies (exception: libc/integral/normalize.inc)
+- Must not define objects (i.e. `cc -c -xc foo.h` will produce empty `.o`)
+- Should not use typedefs
+- Should not use forward declarations
+- Should not include documentation comments
+- Should not include parameter names in prototypes
+- Should not pose problems if included by C++ or Assembly sources
+- Should not declare non-ANSI code, at all, when the user requests ANSI
+
+### Build Config
+
+- Must not write files outside `o/`
+- Must not communicate with Internet
+- Must not depend on system libraries
+- Must not depend on system commands (exception: sh, make, gzip, zip)

Makefile

@@ -129,21 +129,28 @@ include libc/libc.mk				#─┘
 include libc/sock/sock.mk			#─┐
 include dsp/tty/tty.mk				# ├──ONLINE RUNTIME
 include libc/dns/dns.mk				# │  You can communicate with the network
-include libc/crypto/crypto.mk			# │
-include net/http/http.mk			#─┘
-include third_party/duktape/duktape.mk
-include third_party/regex/regex.mk
+include net/http/http.mk			# │
+include third_party/mbedtls/mbedtls.mk		# │
+include net/https/https.mk			# │
+include third_party/regex/regex.mk		#─┘
 include third_party/third_party.mk
 include libc/testlib/testlib.mk
 include tool/viz/lib/vizlib.mk
-include examples/examples.mk
+include third_party/linenoise/linenoise.mk
+include third_party/lua/lua.mk
+include third_party/sqlite3/sqlite3.mk
+include third_party/mbedtls/test/test.mk
+include third_party/quickjs/quickjs.mk
 include third_party/lz4cli/lz4cli.mk
+include third_party/infozip/infozip.mk
+include third_party/python/python.mk
 include tool/build/lib/buildlib.mk
 include third_party/chibicc/chibicc.mk
 include third_party/chibicc/test/test.mk
 include tool/build/emucrt/emucrt.mk
 include tool/build/emubin/emubin.mk
 include tool/build/build.mk
+include examples/examples.mk
 include tool/decode/lib/decodelib.mk
 include tool/decode/decode.mk
 include tool/hash/hash.mk
@@ -158,7 +165,6 @@ include test/libc/nexgen32e/test.mk
 include test/libc/runtime/test.mk
 include test/libc/sock/test.mk
 include test/libc/bits/test.mk
-include test/libc/crypto/test.mk
 include test/libc/str/test.mk
 include test/libc/unicode/test.mk
 include test/libc/calls/test.mk
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ include test/libc/stdio/test.mk
 include test/libc/release/test.mk
 include test/libc/test.mk
 include test/net/http/test.mk
+include test/net/https/test.mk
 include test/net/test.mk
 include test/tool/build/lib/test.mk
 include test/tool/build/test.mk
@@ -188,13 +195,13 @@ include examples/package/build.mk
 #-φ-examples/package/new.sh
 include test/test.mk
 
-OBJS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_OBJS))
-SRCS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_SRCS))
-HDRS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
-INCS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
-BINS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_BINS))
-TESTS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_TESTS))
-CHECKS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
+OBJS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_OBJS))
+SRCS	:= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_SRCS))
+HDRS	:= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
+INCS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
+BINS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_BINS))
+TESTS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_TESTS))
+CHECKS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
 
 bins:	$(BINS)
 check:	$(CHECKS)
@@ -205,14 +212,24 @@ tags:	TAGS HTAGS
 o/$(MODE)/.x:
 	@mkdir -p $(@D) && touch $@
 
+ifneq ($(findstring 4.,,$(MAKE_VERSION)),$(MAKE_VERSION))
 o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
-
 o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
+o/$(MODE)/incs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(INCS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
+	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(INCS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
+else
+o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
+	$(MAKE) MODE=rel -j8 -pn bopit 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/^SRCS/ {s/.*:= //;s/  */\n/g;p;q}' >$@
+o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
+	$(MAKE) MODE=rel -j8 -pn bopit 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/^HDRS/ {s/.*:= //;s/  */\n/g;p;q}' >$@
+o/$(MODE)/incs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(INCS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
+	$(MAKE) MODE=rel -j8 -pn bopit 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/^INCS/ {s/.*:= //;s/  */\n/g;p;q}' >$@
+endif
 
-o/$(MODE)/depend: o/$(MODE)/.x o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt $(SRCS) $(HDRS) $(INCS)
-	@$(COMPILE) -AMKDEPS $(MKDEPS) -o $@ -r o/$(MODE)/ o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt
+o/$(MODE)/depend: o/$(MODE)/.x o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt o/$(MODE)/incs.txt $(SRCS) $(HDRS) $(INCS)
+	@$(COMPILE) -AMKDEPS $(MKDEPS) -o $@ -r o/$(MODE)/ o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt o/$(MODE)/incs.txt
 
 TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt $(SRCS)
 	@rm -f $@
@@ -227,14 +244,13 @@ loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy.com
 	$(XARGS) wc -l | grep total | awk '{print $$1}' | $<
 
 COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =		\
-	LIBC_CRYPTO		\
 	LIBC_DNS		\
 	LIBC_SOCK		\
 	LIBC_NT_WS2_32		\
+	LIBC_NT_IPHLPAPI	\
 	LIBC_NT_MSWSOCK		\
 	LIBC_OHMYPLUS		\
 	LIBC_X			\
-	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA	\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT	\
 	LIBC_LOG		\
 	LIBC_UNICODE		\
@@ -243,6 +259,7 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB	\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL	\
 	LIBC_STDIO		\
+	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA	\
 	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX	\
 	LIBC_ALG		\
 	LIBC_MEM		\
@@ -265,8 +282,8 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =		\
 	LIBC_FMT		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT	\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH		\
-	LIBC_SYSV		\
 	LIBC_STR		\
+	LIBC_SYSV		\
 	LIBC_INTRIN		\
 	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32	\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E
@@ -276,7 +293,6 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_HEADERS =		\
 	LIBC_ALG		\
 	LIBC_BITS		\
 	LIBC_CALLS		\
-	LIBC_CRYPTO		\
 	LIBC_DNS		\
 	LIBC_ELF		\
 	LIBC_FMT		\

README.md

@@ -19,32 +19,62 @@ libc](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/index.html) website. We also have
 ## Getting Started
 
 If you're doing your development work on Linux or BSD then you need just
-five files to get started:
+five files to get started. Here's what you do on Linux:
 
 ```sh
-wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan.zip
-unzip cosmopolitan.zip
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-amalgamation-1.0.zip
+unzip cosmopolitan-amalgamation-1.0.zip
 printf 'main() { printf("hello world\\n"); }\n' >hello.c
-gcc -g -Og -static -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-pie -no-pie -mno-red-zone \
+gcc -g -Os -static -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-pie -no-pie -mno-red-zone \
   -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pg -mnop-mcount \
   -o hello.com.dbg hello.c -fuse-ld=bfd -Wl,-T,ape.lds \
   -include cosmopolitan.h crt.o ape.o cosmopolitan.a
 objcopy -S -O binary hello.com.dbg hello.com
-./hello.com
 ```
 
-If you're developing on Windows or MacOS then you need to download an
+You now have a portable program. Please note that your APE binary will
+assimilate itself as a conventional resident of your platform after the
+first run, so it can be fast and efficient for subsequent executions.
+
+```sh
+./hello.com
+bash -c './hello.com'  # zsh/fish workaround (we upstreamed patches)
+```
+
+So if you intend to copy the binary to Windows or Mac then please do
+that before you run it, not after.
+
+### MacOS
+
+If you're developing on MacOS you can install the GNU compiler
+collection for x86_64-elf via homebrew:
+
+```sh
+brew install x86_64-elf-gcc
+```
+
+Then in the above scripts just replace `gcc` and `objcopy` with
+`x86_64-elf-gcc` and `x86_64-elf-objcopy` to compile your APE binary.
+
+### Windows
+
+If you're developing on Windows then you need to download an
 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu toolchain beforehand. See the [Compiling on
 Windows](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/windows-compiling.html)
 tutorial. It's needed because the ELF object format is what makes
 universal binaries possible.
 
-Cosmopolitan can also be compiled from source on any Linux distro.
+## Source Builds
+
+Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any Linux distro. GNU make
+needs to be installed beforehand. This is a freestanding hermetic
+repository that bootstraps using a vendored static gcc9 executable.
+No further dependencies are required.
 
 ```sh
-wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-0.2.tar.gz
-tar xf cosmopolitan-0.2.tar.gz  # see releases page
-cd cosmopolitan-0.2
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-1.0.tar.gz
+tar xf cosmopolitan-1.0.tar.gz  # see releases page
+cd cosmopolitan
 make -j16
 o//examples/hello.com
 find o -name \*.com | xargs ls -rShal | less
@@ -52,13 +82,14 @@ find o -name \*.com | xargs ls -rShal | less
 
 ## Support Vector
 
-| Platform       | Min Version | Circa |
-| :---           | ---:        | ---:  |
-| AMD            | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
-| Intel          | Core        | 2006  |
-| New Technology | Vista       | 2006  |
-| GNU/Systemd    | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
-| XNU's Not UNIX | 15.6        | 2018  |
-| FreeBSD        | 12          | 2018  |
-| OpenBSD        | 6.4         | 2018  |
-| NetBSD         | 9.1         | 2020  |
+| Platform        | Min Version | Circa |
+| :---            | ---:        | ---:  |
+| AMD             | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
+| Intel           | Core        | 2006  |
+| New Technology  | Vista       | 2006  |
+| GNU/Systemd     | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
+| XNU's Not UNIX! | 15.6        | 2018  |
+| FreeBSD         | 12          | 2018  |
+| OpenBSD         | 6.4         | 2018  |
+| NetBSD          | 9.1         | 2020  |
+| GNU Make        | 3.80        | 2010  |

ape/ape.S

@@ -535,7 +535,53 @@ ape_disk:
 
 #if SupportsWindows() || SupportsMetal() || SupportsXnu()
 apesh:	.ascii	"'\n#'\"\n"			# sixth edition shebang
+//	Until all operating systems can be updated to support APE,
+//	we have a beautiful, yet imperfect workaround, which is to
+//	modify the binary to follow the local system's convention.
+//	There isn't a one-size-fits-all approach for this, thus we
+//	present two choices.
+#ifndef APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF
+//	The default behavior is: to overwrite the header in place.
+//	We prefer this because it's a tiny constant one time cost.
+//	We simply printf a 64-byte header and call execve() again.
 	.ascii	"o=\"$(command -v \"$0\")\"\n"
+#ifdef APE_BUILDSAFE
+//	This code is intended for binaries in build/bootstrap/. It
+//	causes them to not self-modify since they're checked-in to
+//	version control. It assumes cosmopolitan's build prefix is
+//	being used by convention and that the program has the noop
+//	flag -n which is used to prime the binary.
+	.ascii	"if [ ${o##o/} = $o ]; then\n"
+	.ascii	"  if ! [ o/$o -nt $o ]; then\n"
+	.ascii	"    mkdir -p o/${o%/*} || exit\n"
+	.ascii	"    cp -f $o o/$o.$$ || exit\n"
+	.ascii	"    o/$o.$$ -n || exit\n"
+	.ascii	"    mv -f o/$o.$$ o/$o || exit\n"
+	.ascii	"  fi\n"
+	.ascii	"  exec o/$o \"$@\"\n"
+	.ascii	"fi\n"
+#endif
+#else
+//	The alternative behavior is to copy to $TMPDIR and edit.
+//	This imposes a variety of caveats of its own that should
+//	be considered by the user beforehand, such as whether or
+//	not /tmp is considered trustworthy on a given system, or
+//	if the administrator chose to mount it with noexec. It's
+//	up to the user to decide what's best in those situations
+//	and also note that argv[0] and getauxval(AT_EXECFN) will
+//	change as a result of this, and lastly note we don't try
+//	to cleanup the tmp copies for the sake of efficiency. It
+//	should also be noted that if $0 has directory components
+//	then permission clashes can happen between system users,
+//	since only root is able to set the sticky bit, which can
+//	be addressed simply by overriding the TMPDIR environment
+	.ascii	"o=\"${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$0\"\n"
+	.ascii	"if [ ! -e \"$o\" ]; then\n"
+	.ascii	  "d=\"$o\"\n"
+	.ascii	  "o=\"$o.$$\"\n"
+	.ascii	  "mkdir -p \"${o%/*}\" 2>/dev/null\n"
+	.ascii	  "cp -f \"$0\" \"$o\" || exit 120\n"
+#endif /* APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF */
 #if SupportsXnu()
 	.ascii	"if [ -d /Applications ]; then\n"
 	.ascii	  "dd if=\"$o\""
@@ -547,7 +593,7 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"'\n#'\"\n"			# sixth edition shebang
 	.shstub	    ape_macho_dd_count,2
 	.ascii	    "\" conv=notrunc 2>/dev/null\n"
 	.ascii	"el"
-#endif
+#endif /* XNU */
 	.ascii	"if exec 7<> \"$o\"; then\n"
 	.ascii	  "printf '"
 	.ascii	    "\\177ELF"			# 0x0: ⌂ELF
@@ -574,19 +620,28 @@ apesh:	.ascii	"'\n#'\"\n"			# sixth edition shebang
 	.ascii	    "' >&7\n"
 	.ascii	  "exec 7<&-\n"
 	.ascii	"else\n"
-	.ascii	  "exit 1\n"
+	.ascii	  "exit 121\n"
 	.ascii	"fi\n"
-	.ascii	"exec \"$0\" \"$@\"\n"		# etxtbsy tail recursion
-	.ascii	"R=$?\n"			# architecture optimistic
+#ifndef APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF
+	.ascii	"exec \"$0\" \"$@\"\n"		# optimistic execution
+#else
+	.ascii	  "mv -f \"$o\" \"$d\" 2>/dev/null\n"
+	.ascii	  "o=\"$d\"\n"
+	.ascii	"fi\n"
+	.ascii	"exec \"$o\" \"$@\"\n"
+#endif /* APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF */
+	.ascii	"R=$?\n"
 	.ascii	"\n"
 	.ascii	"if [ $R -eq 126 ] && [ \"$(uname -m)\" != x86_64 ]; then\n"
 	.ascii	  "if Q=\"$(command -v qemu-x86_64)\"; then\n"
-	.ascii	    "exec \"$Q\" \"$0\" \"$@\"\n"
+	.ascii	    "exec \"$Q\" \"$o\" \"$@\"\n"
 	.ascii	  "else\n"
 	.ascii	    "echo error: need qemu-x86_64 >&2\n"
 	.ascii	  "fi\n"
+#ifndef APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF
 	.ascii	"elif [ $R -eq 127 ]; then\n"	# means argv[0] was wrong
 	.ascii	"  exec \"$o\" \"$@\"\n"	# so do a path resolution
+#endif /* APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF */
 	.ascii	"fi\n"
 	.ascii	"exit $R\n"
 	.endobj	apesh
@@ -826,48 +881,48 @@ ape_macho:
 	@see "The Portable Executable File Format from Top to Bottom",
 	     Randy Kath, Microsoft Developer Network Technology Group. */
 
-//	      ┌14:Uniprocessor Machine            ┌─────────────────────────┐
-//	      │┌13:DLL                            │ PE File Characteristics │
-//	      ││┌12:System                        ├─────────────────────────┤
-//	      │││┌11:If Net Run From Swap         │ r │ reserved            │
-//	      ││││┌10:If Removable Run From Swap  │ d │ deprecated          │
-//	      │││││┌9:Debug Stripped              │ D │ deprecated with     │
-//	      ││││││┌8:32bit Machine              │   │ extreme prejudice   │
-//	      │││││││  ┌5:Large Address Aware     └───┴─────────────────────┘
-//	      │││││││  │   ┌1:Executable
-//	      │││││││  │   │┌0:Relocs Stripped
-//	     d│││││││dr│Ddd││
-PEEXE =  0b0000001000100011
+//	    ┌14:Uniprocessor Machine            ┌─────────────────────────┐
+//	    │┌13:DLL                            │ PE File Characteristics │
+//	    ││┌12:System                        ├─────────────────────────┤
+//	    │││┌11:If Net Run From Swap         │ r │ reserved            │
+//	    ││││┌10:If Removable Run From Swap  │ d │ deprecated          │
+//	    │││││┌9:Debug Stripped              │ D │ deprecated with     │
+//	    ││││││┌8:32bit Machine              │   │ extreme prejudice   │
+//	    │││││││  ┌5:Large Address Aware     └───┴─────────────────────┘
+//	    │││││││  │   ┌1:Executable
+//	    │││││││  │   │┌0:Relocs Stripped
+//	   d│││││││dr│Ddd││
+PEEXE = 0b00000001000100011
 
-//	     ┌15:TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE            ┌─────────────────────────┐
-//	     │┌14:GUARD_CF                        │ PE DLL Characteristics  │
-//	     ││┌13:WDM_DRIVER                     ├─────────────────────────┤
-//	     │││┌12:APPCONTAINER                  │ r │ reserved            │
-//	     ││││┌11:NO_BIND                      └───┴─────────────────────┘
-//	     │││││┌10:NO_SEH
-//	     ││││││┌9:NO_ISOLATION
-//	     │││││││┌8:NX_COMPAT
-//	     ││││││││┌7:FORCE_INTEGRITY
-//	     │││││││││┌6:DYNAMIC_BASE
-//	     ││││││││││┌5:HIGH_ENTROPY_VA
-//	     │││││││││││rrrrr
+//	   ┌15:TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE            ┌─────────────────────────┐
+//	   │┌14:GUARD_CF                        │ PE DLL Characteristics  │
+//	   ││┌13:WDM_DRIVER                     ├─────────────────────────┤
+//	   │││┌12:APPCONTAINER                  │ r │ reserved            │
+//	   ││││┌11:NO_BIND                      └───┴─────────────────────┘
+//	   │││││┌10:NO_SEH
+//	   ││││││┌9:NO_ISOLATION
+//	   │││││││┌8:NX_COMPAT
+//	   ││││││││┌7:FORCE_INTEGRITY
+//	   │││││││││┌6:DYNAMIC_BASE
+//	   ││││││││││┌5:HIGH_ENTROPY_VA
+//	   │││││││││││rrrrr
 DLLSTD = 0b0000000100100000
 DLLPIE = 0b0000000001100000
 DLLEXE = DLLSTD
 
-//	     ┌31:Writeable                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
-//	     │┌30:Readable                        │ PE Section Flags        │
-//	     ││┌29:Executable                     ├─────────────────────────┤
-//	     │││┌28:Shareable                     │ o │ for object files    │
-//	     ││││┌27:Unpageable                   │ r │ reserved            │
-//	     │││││┌26:Uncacheable                 └───┴─────────────────────┘
-//	     ││││││┌25:Discardable
-//	     │││││││┌24:Contains Extended Relocations
-//	     ││││││││        ┌15:Contains Global Pointer (GP) Relative Data
-//	     ││││││││        │       ┌7:Contains Uninitialized Data
-//	     ││││││││        │       │┌6:Contains Initialized Data
-//	     ││││││││ o      │       ││┌5:Contains Code
-//	     ││││││││┌┴─┐rrrr│  ooror│││rorrr
+//	   ┌31:Writeable                        ┌─────────────────────────┐
+//	   │┌30:Readable                        │ PE Section Flags        │
+//	   ││┌29:Executable                     ├─────────────────────────┤
+//	   │││┌28:Shareable                     │ o │ for object files    │
+//	   ││││┌27:Unpageable                   │ r │ reserved            │
+//	   │││││┌26:Uncacheable                 └───┴─────────────────────┘
+//	   ││││││┌25:Discardable
+//	   │││││││┌24:Contains Extended Relocations
+//	   ││││││││        ┌15:Contains Global Pointer (GP) Relative Data
+//	   ││││││││        │       ┌7:Contains Uninitialized Data
+//	   ││││││││        │       │┌6:Contains Initialized Data
+//	   ││││││││ o      │       ││┌5:Contains Code
+//	   ││││││││┌┴─┐rrrr│  ooror│││rorrr
 PETEXT = 0b01110000000000000000000001100000
 PEDATA = 0b11000000000000000000000011000000
 PEIMPS = 0b11000000000000000000000001000000
@@ -1397,19 +1452,19 @@ long:	push	$GDT_LONG_DATA
 	jmp	*%rax
 	.endfn	long
 
-/*  ▄▄▒▀▀▀▀▒▒▄░
-█████▓▓▄░░░░  ▒▒▄░
+/*  ▄▄▒▀▀▀▀▒▒▄
+█████▓▓▄░░░░  ▒▒▄
 ▐█▓▓█▓▄█████▓░   ▀▒▄
  ▓█▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█▓     ░▀▒░
-  ░▀▀▓█▓▓▓▓▓▓█▓       ░▀▒▄▄▒▄▄▄▒▒▒▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▒▒▄▒
-      ░▀▓▓█▓▓▓▓▓▄          ░                       ░▀▒▄▄                       ▄
-          ░▀█▓▓▓▓▓▄░                                   ░▀▒░                  ▄▓▌
+   ▀▀▓█▓▓▓▓▓▓█▓       ░▀▒▄▄▒▄▄▄▒▒▒▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▒▒▄▒
+       ▀▓▓█▓▓▓▓▓▄          ░                       ░▀▒▄▄                       ▄
+           ▀█▓▓▓▓▓▄░                                   ░▀▒░                  ▄▓▌
             ▀█▓▓▓▓▓█▓░                                    ░▀▄░            ░▄▓██░
-             ░▀█▓▓▓▓▓█▄                                      ░▀▒▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▒▀▓█▓█▓░
-               ░▀█▓▓▓▓█▓░                                             ░▄▓█▓▓█▓▄▌
-                 ░▀█▓▓▓▓▓▄                        ▄▄▄▓▓██▓▓▒▒░      ▒▒▄▓█▓▓▓▓█▓
+              ▀█▓▓▓▓▓█▄                                      ░▀▒▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▒▀▓█▓█▓░
+                ▀█▓▓▓▓█▓░                                             ░▄▓█▓▓█▓▄▌
+                  ▀█▓▓▓▓▓▄                        ▄▄▄▓▓██▓▓▒▒░      ▒▒▄▓█▓▓▓▓█▓
                    ▀█▓▓▓▓▓▓▄▄░               ░▄▄▓██▓▓▓▓▓██████████████▓▓▓▓▓▓█▀
-                    ▐█▓▓▓▓▓▓▓██▓▓▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▓▓██▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█████████▓▓▀░
+                    ▐█▓▓▓▓▓▓▓██▓▓▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▓▓██▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█████████▓▓▀
                      ▀▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█░ ░░░░░░
                      ▄░▓█▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█▌
                      █▓▄▀▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓██▓▓▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▓█▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓
@@ -1437,7 +1492,22 @@ kernel:	movabs	$ape_stack_vaddr,%rsp
 	test	%rax,%rax
 	jz	1f
 	movb	$METAL,(%rax)
-1:	xor	%eax,%eax
+1:	push	$0
+	mov	%rsp,%rbp
+	mov	.Lenv0(%rip),%rax
+	mov	%rax,(%rbp)			# envp[0][0]
+	push	$0				# argv[0][0]
+	push	$0				# auxv[1][1]
+	push	$0				# auxv[1][0]
+	push	%rbp				# auxv[0][1]
+	push	$31				# auxv[0][0] AT_EXECFN
+	push	$0				# envp[1]
+	push	$.Lenv0				# envp[0]
+	push	$0				# argv[1]
+	push	%rbp				# argv[0]
+	push	$1				# argc
+	xor	%ebp,%ebp
+	xor	%eax,%eax
 	xor	%ecx,%ecx
 	xor	%edx,%edx
 	xor	%edi,%edi
@@ -1446,20 +1516,10 @@ kernel:	movabs	$ape_stack_vaddr,%rsp
 	xor	%r9d,%r9d
 	xor	%r10d,%r10d
 	xor	%r11d,%r11d
-	push	$0				# auxv[1][1]
-	push	$0				# auxv[1][0]
-	push	$.Larg0				# auxv[0][1]
-	push	$31				# auxv[0][0] AT_EXECFN
-	push	$0				# envp[1]
-	push	$.Lenv0				# envp[0]
-	push	$0				# argv[1]
-	push	$.Larg0				# argv[0]
-	push	$1				# argc
 	jmp	_start
 	.endfn	kernel
 
 	.rodata
-.Larg0:	.asciz	"ape.com"
 .Lenv0:	.asciz	"METAL=1"
 	.previous
 

ape/ape.lds

@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@ SECTIONS {
 
     /* Real Mode */
     KEEP(*(.head))
+    KEEP(*(.apesh))
+    KEEP(*(.head2))
     KEEP(*(.text.head))
 
     /* Executable & Linkable Format */
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ SECTIONS {
 /*END:   file content */
 /*BEGIN: bss memory that's addressable */
 
-  .bss ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__) : {
+  .bss ALIGN(64) : {
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.bss.init.*)))
     *(.piro.bss)
     KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.bss.sort.*)))

ape/ape.mk

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ APE =	$(APE_DEPS)			\
 	$(APE_OBJS)			\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds
 
+APE_BUILDSAFE =				\
+	$(APE_DEPS)			\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-buildsafe.o	\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds
+
 APELINK =				\
 	$(COMPILE)			\
 	-ALINK.ape			\
@@ -46,5 +51,13 @@ o/ape/idata.inc:			\
 $(APE_OBJS):	$(BUILD_FILES)		\
 		ape/ape.mk
 
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o: ape/ape.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF $<
+
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-buildsafe.o: ape/ape.S
+	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -DAPE_BUILDSAFE $<
+
 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
-o/$(MODE)/ape: $(APE) $(APE_CHECKS)
+o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE)			\
+		$(APE_CHECKS)		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o

build/config.mk

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ endif
 
 # Release Mode
 #
+# Follows traditional closed source release binary norms.
+#
 #   - `make MODE=rel`
 #   - More optimized
 #   - Reasonably small
@@ -69,16 +71,45 @@ CONFIG_CCFLAGS +=		\
 	$(BACKTRACES)		\
 	-O2
 
+TARGET_ARCH ?=			\
+	-msse3
+
+endif
+
+# Asan Mode
+#
+# Safer binaries good for backend production serving.
+#
+#   - `make MODE=asan`
+#   - Memory safety
+#   - Production worthy
+#   - Backtraces
+#   - Debuggability
+#   - Larger binaries
+
+ifeq ($(MODE), asan)
+
+CONFIG_CCFLAGS +=		\
+	$(BACKTRACES)		\
+	-O2
+
+CONFIG_COPTS +=			\
+	-fsanitize=address
+
+TARGET_ARCH ?=			\
+	-msse3
+
 endif
 
 # Debug Mode
 #
 #   - `make MODE=dbg`
 #   - Backtraces
-#   - Zero optimization
-#   - Enables sanitization
-#   - Enables stack canaries
-#   - Enormous binaries (b/c ubsan suboptimalities)
+#   - Enables asan
+#   - Enables ubsan (TODO)
+#   - Stack canaries
+#   - No optimization (TODO)
+#   - Enormous binaries
 
 ifeq ($(MODE), dbg)
 
@@ -91,8 +122,7 @@ CONFIG_CCFLAGS +=		\
 	-O2
 
 CONFIG_COPTS +=			\
-	$(SECURITY_BLANKETS)	\
-	$(SANITIZER)
+	-fsanitize=address
 
 TARGET_ARCH ?=			\
 	-msse3
@@ -113,6 +143,7 @@ endif
 #   - No backtraces
 #   - No algorithmics
 #   - YOLO
+
 ifeq ($(MODE), tiny)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 	-DTINY			\
@@ -140,6 +171,7 @@ endif
 #   - No portability
 #   - No algorithmics
 #   - YOLO
+
 ifeq ($(MODE), tinylinux)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 	-DTINY			\
@@ -169,6 +201,7 @@ endif
 #   - No backtraces
 #   - No algorithmics
 #   - YOLO
+
 ifeq ($(MODE), tinylinuxbsd)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 	-DTINY			\
@@ -197,6 +230,7 @@ endif
 #   - No backtraces
 #   - No algorithmics
 #   - YOLO
+
 ifeq ($(MODE), tinysysv)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 	-DTINY			\
@@ -225,6 +259,7 @@ endif
 #   - No backtraces
 #   - No algorithmics
 #   - YOLO
+
 ifeq ($(MODE), tinynowin)
 CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 	-DTINY			\
@@ -282,11 +317,6 @@ endif
 # such as MSVC or XCode. You can run your binary objects through a tool
 # like objconv to convert them to COFF or MachO. Then use ANSI mode to
 # rollup one header file that'll enable linkage with minimal issues.
-#
-# Lastly note that in some cases, such as gc(), there simply isn't any
-# ANSI workaround available. It's only in cases like that when we'll use
-# the __asm__() header workaround, rather than simply removing it. We do
-# however try to do that much less often than mainstream C libraries.
 
 ifeq ($(MODE), ansi)
 

build/definitions.mk

@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ PWD := $(shell pwd)
 IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL ?= 0x400000
 HELLO := $(shell build/hello)
 TMPDIR := $(shell build/findtmp)
-COMPILE := $(shell build/getcompile) -V$(shell build/getccversion $(CC))
+SPAWNER := $(shell build/getcompile) -V$(shell build/getccversion $(CC))
+COMPILE = $(SPAWNER) $(QUOTA)
 
 export ADDR2LINE
 export LC_ALL
@@ -181,7 +182,6 @@ DEFAULT_LDLIBS =
 
 MCA =	llvm-mca-10							\
 	-mtriple=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu					\
-	-iterations=3							\
 	-instruction-info						\
 	-iterations=3							\
 	-all-stats							\

build/findtmp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/sh
 #-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
 #───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
 #

build/rules.mk

@@ -79,4 +79,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.zip.o: %               ; @$(COMPILE) -AZIPOBJ $(ZIPOBJ) $(ZIPOBJ_FLA
 o/$(MODE)/%-gcc.asm: %.c           ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(OBJECTIFY.c) -S -g0 $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%-clang.asm: %.c         ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(OBJECTIFY.c) -S -g0 $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $< || echo / need $(CLANG) >$@
 
+o/$(MODE)/%.lua: %.lua o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac.com
+	@$(COMPILE) -ALUAC -T$@ o/$(MODE)/third_party/lua/luac.com -s -o $@ $<
+
 o/$(MODE)/%-clang.asm: CC = $(CLANG)

dsp/scale/gyarados.c

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/bsr.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/testlib/testlib.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"

dsp/tty/sendtitle.c

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/tty.h"
 #include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
 
 /* TODO(jart): DELETE */

dsp/tty/ttyraw.c

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "libc/calls/ucontext.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"

examples/certapp.c

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright The Mbed TLS Contributors                                          │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");              │
+│ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.             │
+│ You may obtain a copy of the License at                                      │
+│                                                                              │
+│     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                               │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software          │
+│ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,            │
+│ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.     │
+│ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and          │
+│ limitations under the License.                                               │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/debug.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/entropy.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/net_sockets.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/ssl.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/x509_crt.h"
+
+STATIC_YOINK("ssl_root_support");
+
+#define MODE_NONE 0
+#define MODE_FILE 1
+#define MODE_SSL  2
+
+#define DFL_MODE        MODE_NONE
+#define DFL_FILENAME    "cert.crt"
+#define DFL_CA_FILE     ""
+#define DFL_CRL_FILE    ""
+#define DFL_CA_PATH     "zip:usr/share/ssl/root"
+#define DFL_SERVER_NAME "localhost"
+#define DFL_SERVER_PORT "4433"
+#define DFL_DEBUG_LEVEL 0
+#define DFL_PERMISSIVE  0
+
+#define USAGE_IO                                             \
+  "    ca_file=%%s          file containing top-level CAs\n" \
+  "    ca_path=%%s          dir containing top-level CAs\n"  \
+  "    crl_file=%%s         The single CRL file you want to use\n"
+
+#define USAGE                                             \
+  "\n usage: %s param=<>...\n"                            \
+  "\n acceptable parameters:\n"                           \
+  "    mode=file|ssl        default: none\n"              \
+  "    filename=%%s         default: cert.crt\n" USAGE_IO \
+  "    server_name=%%s      default: localhost\n"         \
+  "    server_port=%%d      default: 4433\n"              \
+  "    debug_level=%%d      default: 0 (disabled)\n"      \
+  "    permissive=%%d       default: 0 (disabled)\n"      \
+  "\n"
+
+/*
+ * global options
+ */
+struct options {
+  int mode;                /* the mode to run the application in   */
+  const char *filename;    /* filename of the certificate file     */
+  const char *ca_file;     /* the file with the CA certificate(s)  */
+  const char *crl_file;    /* the file with the CRL to use         */
+  const char *ca_path;     /* the path with the CA certificate(s) reside */
+  const char *server_name; /* hostname of the server (client only) */
+  const char *server_port; /* port on which the ssl service runs   */
+  int debug_level;         /* level of debugging                   */
+  int permissive;          /* permissive parsing                   */
+} opt;
+
+static void my_debug(void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line,
+                     const char *str) {
+  fprintf((FILE *)ctx, "%s:%04d: %s", file, line, str);
+  fflush((FILE *)ctx);
+}
+
+static int my_verify(void *data, mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth,
+                     uint32_t *flags) {
+  char buf[1024];
+  printf("\nVerify requested for (Depth %d):\n", depth);
+  mbedtls_x509_crt_info(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "", crt);
+  printf("%s", buf);
+  if (*flags) {
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(buf, sizeof(buf), "  ! ", *flags);
+    printf("%s\n", buf);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+mbedtls_net_context server_fd;
+unsigned char buf[1024];
+mbedtls_entropy_context entropy;
+mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
+mbedtls_ssl_context ssl;
+mbedtls_ssl_config conf;
+mbedtls_x509_crt cacert;
+mbedtls_x509_crl cacrl;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int ret = 1;
+  int exit_code = EXIT_FAILURE;
+  int i, j;
+  uint32_t flags;
+  int verify = 0;
+  char *p, *q;
+  const char *pers = "cert_app";
+
+  /*
+   * Set to sane values
+   */
+  mbedtls_net_init(&server_fd);
+  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&ctr_drbg);
+  mbedtls_ssl_init(&ssl);
+  mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&conf);
+  mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&cacert);
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRL_PARSE_C)
+  mbedtls_x509_crl_init(&cacrl);
+#else
+  /* Zeroize structure as CRL parsing is not supported and we have to pass
+     it to the verify function */
+  memset(&cacrl, 0, sizeof(mbedtls_x509_crl));
+#endif
+
+  if (argc == 0) {
+  usage:
+    printf(USAGE, program_invocation_name);
+    goto exit;
+  }
+
+  opt.mode = DFL_MODE;
+  opt.filename = DFL_FILENAME;
+  opt.ca_file = DFL_CA_FILE;
+  opt.crl_file = DFL_CRL_FILE;
+  opt.ca_path = DFL_CA_PATH;
+  opt.server_name = DFL_SERVER_NAME;
+  opt.server_port = DFL_SERVER_PORT;
+  opt.debug_level = DFL_DEBUG_LEVEL;
+  opt.permissive = DFL_PERMISSIVE;
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    p = argv[i];
+    if ((q = strchr(p, '=')) == NULL) goto usage;
+    *q++ = '\0';
+
+    for (j = 0; p + j < q; j++) {
+      if (argv[i][j] >= 'A' && argv[i][j] <= 'Z') argv[i][j] |= 0x20;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(p, "mode") == 0) {
+      if (strcmp(q, "file") == 0)
+        opt.mode = MODE_FILE;
+      else if (strcmp(q, "ssl") == 0)
+        opt.mode = MODE_SSL;
+      else
+        goto usage;
+    } else if (strcmp(p, "filename") == 0)
+      opt.filename = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "ca_file") == 0)
+      opt.ca_file = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "crl_file") == 0)
+      opt.crl_file = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "ca_path") == 0)
+      opt.ca_path = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "server_name") == 0)
+      opt.server_name = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "server_port") == 0)
+      opt.server_port = q;
+    else if (strcmp(p, "debug_level") == 0) {
+      opt.debug_level = atoi(q);
+      if (opt.debug_level < 0 || opt.debug_level > 65535) goto usage;
+    } else if (strcmp(p, "permissive") == 0) {
+      opt.permissive = atoi(q);
+      if (opt.permissive < 0 || opt.permissive > 1) goto usage;
+    } else
+      goto usage;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * 1.1. Load the trusted CA
+   */
+  printf("  . Loading the CA root certificate ...");
+  fflush(stdout);
+
+  if (strlen(opt.ca_path)) {
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path(&cacert, opt.ca_path)) < 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_path returned -0x%x\n\n",
+             (unsigned int)-ret);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    verify = 1;
+  } else if (strlen(opt.ca_file)) {
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file(&cacert, opt.ca_file)) < 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file returned -0x%x\n\n",
+             (unsigned int)-ret);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    verify = 1;
+  }
+
+  printf(" ok (%d skipped)\n", ret);
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRL_PARSE_C)
+  if (strlen(opt.crl_file)) {
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crl_parse_file(&cacrl, opt.crl_file)) != 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crl_parse returned -0x%x\n\n",
+             (unsigned int)-ret);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    verify = 1;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (opt.mode == MODE_FILE) {
+    mbedtls_x509_crt crt;
+    mbedtls_x509_crt *cur = &crt;
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&crt);
+
+    /*
+     * 1.1. Load the certificate(s)
+     */
+    printf("\n  . Loading the certificate(s) ...");
+    fflush(stdout);
+
+    ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file(&crt, opt.filename);
+
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file returned -0x%04x\n\n",
+             -ret);
+      mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&crt);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (opt.permissive == 0 && ret > 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed to parse %d "
+             "certificates\n\n",
+             ret);
+      mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&crt);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    printf(" ok\n");
+
+    /*
+     * 1.2 Print the certificate(s)
+     */
+    while (cur != NULL) {
+      printf("  . Peer certificate information    ...\n");
+      ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_info((char *)buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "      ", cur);
+      if (ret == -1) {
+        printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_info returned -0x%04x\n\n",
+               -ret);
+        mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&crt);
+        goto exit;
+      }
+
+      printf("%s\n", buf);
+
+      cur = cur->next;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * 1.3 Verify the certificate
+     */
+    if (verify) {
+      printf("  . Verifying X.509 certificate...");
+
+      if ((ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_verify(&crt, &cacert, &cacrl, NULL, &flags,
+                                         my_verify, NULL)) != 0) {
+        char vrfy_buf[512];
+
+        printf(" failed\n");
+
+        mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info(vrfy_buf, sizeof(vrfy_buf), "  ! ", flags);
+
+        printf("%s\n", vrfy_buf);
+      } else
+        printf(" ok\n");
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&crt);
+  } else if (opt.mode == MODE_SSL) {
+    /*
+     * 1. Initialize the RNG and the session data
+     */
+    printf("\n  . Seeding the random number generator...");
+    fflush(stdout);
+
+    mbedtls_entropy_init(&entropy);
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy,
+                                     (const unsigned char *)pers,
+                                     strlen(pers))) != 0) {
+      printf(" failed\n  ! mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed returned %d\n", ret);
+      goto ssl_exit;
+    }
+
+    printf(" ok\n");
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)
+    mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(opt.debug_level);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * 2. Start the connection
+     */
+    printf("  . Connecting to tcp/%s/%s...\n", opt.server_name,
+           opt.server_port);
+
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_net_connect(&server_fd, opt.server_name, opt.server_port,
+                                   MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP)) != 0) {
+      printf("  ! mbedtls_net_connect returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+      goto ssl_exit;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * 3. Setup stuff
+     */
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT,
+                                           MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM,
+                                           MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT)) != 0) {
+      printf("  ! mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+      goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (verify) {
+      mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_REQUIRED);
+      mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&conf, &cacert, NULL);
+      mbedtls_ssl_conf_verify(&conf, my_verify, NULL);
+    } else
+      mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_NONE);
+
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg);
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&conf, my_debug, stdout);
+
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&ssl, &conf)) != 0) {
+      printf("  ! mbedtls_ssl_setup returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+      goto ssl_exit;
+    }
+
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&ssl, opt.server_name)) != 0) {
+      printf("  ! mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+      goto ssl_exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&ssl, &server_fd, mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv,
+                        NULL);
+
+    /*
+     * 4. Handshake
+     */
+    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&ssl)) != 0) {
+      if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ &&
+          ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE) {
+        printf("  ! mbedtls_ssl_handshake returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+        goto ssl_exit;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * 5. Print the certificate
+     */
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_KEEP_PEER_CERTIFICATE)
+    printf("  . Peer certificate information    ... skipped\n");
+#else
+    printf("  . Peer certificate information    ...\n");
+    ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_info((char *)buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "      ",
+                                mbedtls_ssl_get_peer_cert(&ssl));
+    if (ret == -1) {
+      printf(" failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_info returned -0x%04x\n\n", -ret);
+      goto ssl_exit;
+    }
+
+    printf("%s\n", buf);
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SSL_KEEP_PEER_CERTIFICATE */
+
+    mbedtls_ssl_close_notify(&ssl);
+
+  ssl_exit:
+    mbedtls_ssl_free(&ssl);
+    mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&conf);
+  } else
+    goto usage;
+
+  exit_code = MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+exit:
+
+  mbedtls_net_free(&server_fd);
+  mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&cacert);
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRL_PARSE_C)
+  mbedtls_x509_crl_free(&cacrl);
+#endif
+  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&ctr_drbg);
+  mbedtls_entropy_free(&entropy);
+
+  mbedtls_exit(exit_code);
+}

examples/cp.c

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ void GetOpts(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
 int cp(const char *src, const char *dst) {
   if (endswith(dst, "/") || isdirectory(dst)) {
-    dst = gc(xasprintf("%s/%s", dst, basename));
+    dst = _gc(xasprintf("%s/%s", dst, basename));
   }
   if (!force && access(dst, W_OK) == -1 && errno != ENOENT) goto OnFail;
   if (copyfile(src, dst, flags) == -1) goto OnFail;

examples/crashreport.c

@@ -7,88 +7,23 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
-#include "libc/bits/pushpop.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/ucontext.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/math.h"
-#include "libc/nt/enum/errormodeflags.h"
-#include "libc/nt/signals.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 
 /**
- * @fileoverview Demonstrates SEGFAULT via NULL pointer dereference.
+ * @fileoverview How to print backtraces and cpu state on crash.
  *
- * In MODE=dbg mode, UBSAN should catch this and display a backtrace.
- * In most other modes, e.g. MODE=balanced, the oncrash.c sig handler
- * will either launch GDB or display a very fancy report.
- *
- *     make -j8 -O MODE=opt o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
- *     o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
+ *     make -j8 -O o//examples/crashreport.com
+ *     o//examples/crashreport.com
  *
  * To prevent the GDB GUI from popping up:
  *
- *     export GDB=""
- *     make -j8 -O MODE=opt o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
- *     o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
+ *     export GDB=
+ *     make -j8 -O o//examples/crashreport.com
+ *     o//examples/crashreport.com
  */
 
-int boo;
-
-void boop(void);
-
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int64_t res;
+  volatile int64_t x;
   showcrashreports();
-  res = 0;
-
-  asm volatile("mov\t$0x1111111111111111,%rax\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x3333333333333333,%rcx\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x4444444444444444,%rdx\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x8888888888888888,%r8\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x9999999999999999,%r9d\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,%r10d\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,%r11d\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x0000000000000000,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm0\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x1111111111111111,%rax\n\t"
-               "push\t%rax\n\t"
-               "push\t%rax\n\t"
-               "movdqu\t(%rsp),%xmm1\n\t"
-               "pop\t%rax\n\t"
-               "pop\t%rax\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x2222222222220022,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm2\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x3333333333333333,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm3\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x4444444444444444,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm4\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x5555555555555555,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm5\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x6666666666666666,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm6\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x7777777777777777,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm7\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x8888888888888888,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm8\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0x9999999999999999,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm9\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm10\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm11\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xcccccccccccccccc,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm12\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xdddddddddddddddd,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm13\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm14\n\t"
-               "mov\t$0xffffffffffffffff,%rax\n\t"
-               "movd\t%rax,%xmm15\n\t"
-               "fldpi\n\t"
-               "xor\t%eax,%eax\n\t"
-               "div\t%eax\n\t");
-
-  return res;
+  return 1 / (x = 0);
 }

examples/ctrlc.c

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/nt/thread.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
@@ -32,9 +31,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   ssize_t rc;
   size_t got, wrote;
   unsigned char buf[512];
+  struct sigaction saint = {.sa_handler = GotCtrlC};
   fprintf(stderr, "This echos stdio until Ctrl+C is pressed.\n");
-  CHECK_NE(
-      -1, sigaction(SIGINT, &(struct sigaction){.sa_handler = GotCtrlC}, NULL));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, sigaction(SIGINT, &saint, NULL));
   for (;;) {
     rc = read(0, buf, BUFSIZ);
     if (rc != -1) {

examples/curl.c

@@ -8,24 +8,49 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
 #include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/iovec.h"
+#include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/dns/dns.h"
+#include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/rand/rand.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/sock/goodsocket.internal.h"
 #include "libc/sock/sock.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/append.internal.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/slice.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/af.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/ai.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/dt.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/ex.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/ipproto.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/shut.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/so.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/sock.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sol.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/tcp.h"
+#include "libc/time/struct/tm.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
-#include "net/http/uri.h"
+#include "net/http/http.h"
+#include "net/http/url.h"
+#include "net/https/https.h"
+#include "net/https/sslcache.h"
+#include "third_party/getopt/getopt.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/debug.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/error.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/pk.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/ssl.h"
+#include "third_party/mbedtls/ssl_ticket.h"
 
 /**
  * @fileoverview Downloads HTTP URL to stdout.
@@ -34,73 +59,347 @@
  *     o//examples/curl.com http://justine.lol/ape.html
  */
 
+#define HasHeader(H)    (!!msg.headers[H].a)
+#define HeaderData(H)   (p + msg.headers[H].a)
+#define HeaderLength(H) (msg.headers[H].b - msg.headers[H].a)
+#define HeaderEqualCase(H, S) \
+  SlicesEqualCase(S, strlen(S), HeaderData(H), HeaderLength(H))
+
+static bool TuneSocket(int fd, int a, int b, int x) {
+  if (!b) return false;
+  return setsockopt(fd, a, b, &x, sizeof(x)) != -1;
+}
+
+static int TlsSend(void *c, const unsigned char *p, size_t n) {
+  int rc;
+  NOISEF("begin send %zu", n);
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = write(*(int *)c, p, n)));
+  NOISEF("end   send %zu", n);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int TlsRecv(void *c, unsigned char *p, size_t n, uint32_t o) {
+  int r;
+  struct iovec v[2];
+  static unsigned a, b;
+  static unsigned char t[4096];
+  if (a < b) {
+    r = MIN(n, b - a);
+    memcpy(p, t + a, r);
+    if ((a += r) == b) a = b = 0;
+    return r;
+  }
+  v[0].iov_base = p;
+  v[0].iov_len = n;
+  v[1].iov_base = t;
+  v[1].iov_len = sizeof(t);
+  NOISEF("begin recv %zu", n + sizeof(t) - b);
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (r = readv(*(int *)c, v, 2)));
+  NOISEF("end   recv %zu", r);
+  if (r > n) b = r - n;
+  return MIN(n, r);
+}
+
+static wontreturn void PrintUsage(FILE *f, int rc) {
+  fprintf(f, "usage: %s [-ksvV] URL\n", program_invocation_name);
+  exit(rc);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int sock;
-  ssize_t rc;
-  unsigned long need;
-  struct UriSlice path;
-  size_t i, got, toto, msglen;
-  char buf[1500], host[256], port[7];
-  const char *url, *msg, *pathstr, *crlfcrlf, *contentlength;
-  struct UriSlice us[16];
-  struct Uri u = {.segs.p = us, .segs.n = ARRAYLEN(us)};
-  struct addrinfo *addr, *addrs;
+  if (!NoDebug()) showcrashreports();
+  xsigaction(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN, 0, 0, 0);
+
+  /*
+   * Read flags.
+   */
+  int opt;
+  struct Headers {
+    size_t n;
+    char **p;
+  } headers = {0};
+  int method = kHttpGet;
+  bool authmode = MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_REQUIRED;
+  const char *agent = "hurl/1.o (https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan)";
+  __log_level = kLogWarn;
+  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "qksvVIX:H:A:")) != -1) {
+    switch (opt) {
+      case 's':
+      case 'q':
+        break;
+      case 'v':
+        ++__log_level;
+        break;
+      case 'I':
+        method = kHttpHead;
+        break;
+      case 'A':
+        agent = optarg;
+        break;
+      case 'H':
+        headers.p = realloc(headers.p, ++headers.n * sizeof(*headers.p));
+        headers.p[headers.n - 1] = optarg;
+        break;
+      case 'X':
+        CHECK((method = GetHttpMethod(optarg, strlen(optarg))));
+        break;
+      case 'V':
+        ++mbedtls_debug_threshold;
+        break;
+      case 'k':
+        authmode = MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_NONE;
+        break;
+      case 'h':
+        PrintUsage(stdout, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+      default:
+        PrintUsage(stderr, EX_USAGE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Get argument.
+   */
+  const char *urlarg;
+  if (optind == argc) PrintUsage(stderr, EX_USAGE);
+  urlarg = argv[optind];
+
+  /*
+   * Parse URL.
+   */
+  struct Url url;
+  char *host, *port;
+  bool usessl = false;
+  _gc(ParseUrl(urlarg, -1, &url));
+  _gc(url.params.p);
+  if (url.scheme.n) {
+    if (url.scheme.n == 5 && !memcasecmp(url.scheme.p, "https", 5)) {
+      usessl = true;
+    } else if (!(url.scheme.n == 4 && !memcasecmp(url.scheme.p, "http", 4))) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "error: not an http/https url: %s\n", urlarg);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+  if (url.host.n) {
+    host = _gc(strndup(url.host.p, url.host.n));
+    if (url.port.n) {
+      port = _gc(strndup(url.port.p, url.port.n));
+    } else {
+      port = usessl ? "443" : "80";
+    }
+  } else {
+    host = "127.0.0.1";
+    port = usessl ? "443" : "80";
+  }
+  if (!IsAcceptableHost(host, -1)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid host: %s\n", urlarg);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  url.fragment.p = 0, url.fragment.n = 0;
+  url.scheme.p = 0, url.scheme.n = 0;
+  url.user.p = 0, url.user.n = 0;
+  url.pass.p = 0, url.pass.n = 0;
+  url.host.p = 0, url.host.n = 0;
+  url.port.p = 0, url.port.n = 0;
+  if (!url.path.n || url.path.p[0] != '/') {
+    char *p = _gc(xmalloc(1 + url.path.n));
+    mempcpy(mempcpy(p, "/", 1), url.path.p, url.path.n);
+    url.path.p = p;
+    ++url.path.n;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Create HTTP message.
+   */
+  char *request = 0;
+  appendf(&request,
+          "%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+          "Host: %s:%s\r\n"
+          "Connection: close\r\n"
+          "User-Agent: %s\r\n",
+          kHttpMethod[method], _gc(EncodeUrl(&url, 0)), host, port, agent);
+  for (int i = 0; i < headers.n; ++i) {
+    appendf(&request, "%s\r\n", headers.p[i]);
+  }
+  appendf(&request, "\r\n");
+
+  /*
+   * Setup crypto.
+   */
+  mbedtls_ssl_config conf;
+  mbedtls_ssl_context ssl;
+  mbedtls_x509_crt *cachain = 0;
+  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context drbg;
+  if (usessl) {
+    mbedtls_ssl_init(&ssl);
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&drbg);
+    mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&conf);
+    cachain = GetSslRoots();
+    CHECK_EQ(0, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&drbg, GetEntropy, 0, "justine", 7));
+    CHECK_EQ(0, mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT,
+                                            MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM,
+                                            MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT));
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&conf, authmode);
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&conf, cachain, 0);
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&conf, mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &drbg);
+    if (!IsTiny()) mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&conf, TlsDebug, 0);
+    CHECK_EQ(0, mbedtls_ssl_setup(&ssl, &conf));
+    CHECK_EQ(0, mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&ssl, host));
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Perform DNS lookup.
+   */
+  struct addrinfo *addr;
   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET,
                            .ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM,
                            .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP,
                            .ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV};
-  if (argc != 2) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: %s URL\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  url = argv[1];
-  CHECK_NE(-1, uriparse(&u, url, strlen(url)), "BAD URL: %`'s", url);
-  CHECK_EQ(kUriSchemeHttp, urischeme(u.scheme, url));
-  urislice2cstr(host, sizeof(host), u.host, url, "127.0.0.1");
-  urislice2cstr(port, sizeof(port), u.port, url, "80");
-  path = uripath(&u);
-  pathstr = path.n ? url + path.i : "/";
-  msg = gc(xstrcat("GET ", pathstr,
-                   " HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-                   "Host: ",
-                   host,
-                   "\r\n"
-                   "Connection: close\r\n"
-                   "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
-                   "Accept: text/plain; */*\r\n"
-                   "Accept-Encoding: identity\r\n"
-                   "User-Agent: github.com/jart/cosmopolitan\r\n"
-                   "\r\n"));
-  msglen = strlen(msg);
-  CHECK_EQ(EAI_SUCCESS, getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &addrs));
-  for (addr = addrs; addr; addr = addr->ai_next) {
-    CHECK_NE(-1, (sock = socket(addr->ai_family, addr->ai_socktype,
-                                addr->ai_protocol)));
-    CHECK_NE(-1, connect(sock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen));
-    CHECK_EQ(msglen, write(sock, msg, msglen));
-    shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-    CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf))));
-    got = rc;
-    CHECK(startswith(buf, "HTTP/1.1 200"), "%`'.*s", got, buf);
-    CHECK_NOTNULL((crlfcrlf = memmem(buf, got, "\r\n\r\n", 4)));
-    need = strtol((char *)firstnonnull(
-                      memmem(buf, crlfcrlf - buf, "\r\nContent-Length: ", 18),
-                      firstnonnull(memmem(buf, crlfcrlf - buf,
-                                          "\r\ncontent-length: ", 18),
-                                   "\r\nContent-Length: -1")) +
-                      18,
-                  NULL, 10);
-    got = MIN(got - (crlfcrlf + 4 - buf), need);
-    CHECK_EQ(got, write(1, crlfcrlf + 4, got));
-    for (toto = got; toto < need; toto += got) {
-      CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf))));
-      if (!(got = rc)) exit(18);
-      got = MIN(got, need - toto);
-      CHECK_EQ(got, write(1, buf, got));
+  CHECK_EQ(EAI_SUCCESS, getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &addr));
+
+  /*
+   * Connect to server.
+   */
+  int ret, sock;
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (sock = GoodSocket(addr->ai_family, addr->ai_socktype,
+                                  addr->ai_protocol, false,
+                                  &(struct timeval){-60})));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, connect(sock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen));
+  freeaddrinfo(addr);
+  if (usessl) {
+    mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&ssl, &sock, TlsSend, 0, TlsRecv);
+    if ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&ssl))) {
+      TlsDie("ssl handshake", ret);
     }
-    close(sock);
-    break;
   }
+
+  /*
+   * Send HTTP Message.
+   */
+  size_t n;
+  n = appendz(request).i;
+  if (usessl) {
+    ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&ssl, request, n);
+    if (ret != n) TlsDie("ssl write", ret);
+  } else {
+    CHECK_EQ(n, write(sock, request, n));
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Handle response.
+   */
+  int t;
+  char *p;
+  ssize_t rc;
+  struct HttpMessage msg;
+  struct HttpUnchunker u;
+  size_t g, i, hdrlen, paylen;
+  InitHttpMessage(&msg, kHttpResponse);
+  for (p = 0, hdrlen = paylen = t = i = n = 0;;) {
+    if (i == n) {
+      n += 1000;
+      n += n >> 1;
+      p = realloc(p, n);
+    }
+    if (usessl) {
+      if ((rc = mbedtls_ssl_read(&ssl, p + i, n - i)) < 0) {
+        if (rc == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_PEER_CLOSE_NOTIFY) {
+          rc = 0;
+        } else {
+          TlsDie("ssl read", rc);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = read(sock, p + i, n - i)));
+    }
+    g = rc;
+    i += g;
+    switch (t) {
+      case kHttpClientStateHeaders:
+        CHECK(g);
+        CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = ParseHttpMessage(&msg, p, i)));
+        if (rc) {
+          hdrlen = rc;
+          if (100 <= msg.status && msg.status <= 199) {
+            CHECK(!HasHeader(kHttpContentLength) ||
+                  HeaderEqualCase(kHttpContentLength, "0"));
+            CHECK(!HasHeader(kHttpTransferEncoding) ||
+                  HeaderEqualCase(kHttpTransferEncoding, "identity"));
+            DestroyHttpMessage(&msg);
+            InitHttpMessage(&msg, kHttpResponse);
+            memmove(p, p + hdrlen, i - hdrlen);
+            i -= hdrlen;
+            break;
+          }
+          if (method == kHttpHead) {
+            CHECK_EQ(hdrlen, write(1, p, hdrlen));
+            goto Finished;
+          } else if (msg.status == 204 || msg.status == 304) {
+            goto Finished;
+          }
+          if (HasHeader(kHttpTransferEncoding) &&
+              !HeaderEqualCase(kHttpTransferEncoding, "identity")) {
+            CHECK(HeaderEqualCase(kHttpTransferEncoding, "chunked"));
+            t = kHttpClientStateBodyChunked;
+            memset(&u, 0, sizeof(u));
+            goto Chunked;
+          } else if (HasHeader(kHttpContentLength)) {
+            CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = ParseContentLength(
+                              HeaderData(kHttpContentLength),
+                              HeaderLength(kHttpContentLength))));
+            t = kHttpClientStateBodyLengthed;
+            paylen = rc;
+            if (paylen > i - hdrlen) {
+              CHECK_EQ(i - hdrlen, write(1, p + hdrlen, i - hdrlen));
+            } else {
+              CHECK_EQ(paylen, write(1, p + hdrlen, paylen));
+              goto Finished;
+            }
+          } else {
+            t = kHttpClientStateBody;
+            CHECK_EQ(i - hdrlen, write(1, p + hdrlen, i - hdrlen));
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case kHttpClientStateBody:
+        if (!g) goto Finished;
+        CHECK_EQ(g, write(1, p + i - g, g));
+        break;
+      case kHttpClientStateBodyLengthed:
+        CHECK(g);
+        if (i - hdrlen > paylen) g = hdrlen + paylen - (i - g);
+        CHECK_EQ(g, write(1, p + i - g, g));
+        if (i - hdrlen >= paylen) goto Finished;
+        break;
+      case kHttpClientStateBodyChunked:
+      Chunked:
+        CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = Unchunk(&u, p + hdrlen, i - hdrlen, &paylen)));
+        if (rc) {
+          CHECK_EQ(paylen, write(1, p + hdrlen, paylen));
+          goto Finished;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        abort();
+    }
+  }
+
+/*
+ * Close connection.
+ */
+Finished:
+  CHECK_NE(-1, close(sock));
+
+  /*
+   * Free memory.
+   */
+  free(p);
+  free(headers.p);
+  if (usessl) {
+    mbedtls_ssl_free(&ssl);
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&drbg);
+    mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&conf);
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(cachain);
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&drbg);
+  }
+
   return 0;
 }

examples/date.c

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@
  */
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  puts(gc(xiso8601ts(NULL)));
+  puts(_gc(xiso8601ts(NULL)));
   return 0;
 }

examples/dinlerp.c

@@ -1,376 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "dsp/core/core.h"
-#include "dsp/core/twixt8.h"
-#include "dsp/scale/scale.h"
-#include "dsp/tty/itoa8.h"
-#include "dsp/tty/quant.h"
-#include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/ioctl.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/winsize.h"
-#include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/log/check.h"
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/math.h"
-#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/map.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
-#include "libc/x/x.h"
-#include "third_party/stb/stb_image.h"
-
-/**
- * Hat tips go out to Hornet, CRTC, DESiRE, Hans Petter Jansson, Guihua
- * Cui, Ming Ronnier Luoand anyone else Mister Rogers would describe as
- * the The Helpers Of This World who've helped us learn more about the
- * cool yet exceedingly difficult things possible to do with graphics.
- */
-
-#define DIN99          1
-#define GAMMA          4.1
-#define GAMMA_A        .05
-#define GAMMA_B        50.
-#define GAMMA_C        .055
-#define COLORSPACE_SRC kSrgbD65ToXyzD50
-#define COLORSPACE_TTY kSrgbD65ToXyzD50
-
-#define SQR(X) ((X) * (X))
-#define DEG(X) ((X)*M_PI / 180)
-
-const double kXyzKappa = 24389 / 27.;
-const double kXyzEpsilon = 216 / 24389.;
-
-const double kSrgbD65ToXyzD50[3][3] = {
-    {.4360747, .3850649, .1430804},
-    {.2225045, .7168786, .0606169},
-    {.0139322, .0971045, .7141733},
-};
-
-const double kCieRgbEToXyz[3][3] = {
-    {.4887180, .3106803, .2006017},
-    {.1762044, .8129847, .0108109},
-    {.0000000, .0102048, .9897952},
-};
-
-const unsigned char kShadePct[] = {0300, 0200, 0100};
-const unsigned short kShadeRune[] = {u'▓', u'▒', u'░'};
-
-const unsigned char kAnsiTango[16][3] = {
-    {46, 52, 54},    {204, 0, 0},     {78, 154, 6},   {196, 160, 0},
-    {52, 101, 164},  {117, 80, 123},  {6, 152, 154},  {211, 215, 207},
-    {85, 87, 83},    {239, 41, 41},   {138, 226, 52}, {252, 233, 79},
-    {114, 159, 207}, {173, 127, 168}, {52, 226, 226}, {238, 238, 236},
-};
-
-const unsigned char kCga[16][3] = {
-    {0, 0, 0},     {170, 0, 0},    {0, 170, 0},    {170, 85, 0},
-    {0, 0, 170},   {170, 0, 170},  {0, 170, 170},  {170, 170, 170},
-    {85, 85, 85},  {255, 85, 85},  {85, 255, 85},  {255, 255, 85},
-    {85, 85, 255}, {255, 85, 255}, {85, 255, 255}, {255, 255, 255},
-};
-
-struct Blends {
-  size_t i, n;
-  struct Blend {
-    unsigned char color[4];
-    unsigned char bg, fg;
-    unsigned short rune;
-  } * p;
-} blends;
-
-static double Gamma(double x) {
-  if (x < GAMMA_A) return x / GAMMA_B;
-  return pow(1 / (1 + GAMMA_C) * (x + GAMMA_C), GAMMA);
-}
-
-static void *LoadRgb(double rgb[3], const unsigned char pix[3]) {
-  rgb[0] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[0]);
-  rgb[1] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[1]);
-  rgb[2] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[2]);
-  return rgb;
-}
-
-static double Lab(double x) {
-  return x > kXyzEpsilon ? cbrtf(x) : (kXyzKappa * x + 16) / 116;
-}
-
-static void XyzToLab(double lab[3], const double d50xyz[3]) {
-  double Y, L, a, b;
-  Y = Lab(d50xyz[1]);
-  L = 116 * Y - 16;
-  a = 500 * (Lab(d50xyz[0]) - Y);
-  b = 200 * (Y - Lab(d50xyz[2]));
-  lab[0] = L, lab[1] = a, lab[2] = b;
-}
-
-static void XyzToDin99d(unsigned char din99d[3], const double d50xyz[3]) {
-  double e, f, G, C, h, xyz[3], lab[3];
-  memcpy(xyz, d50xyz, sizeof(xyz));
-  xyz[0] = 1.12f * xyz[0] - .12f * xyz[2];
-  XyzToLab(lab, xyz);
-  e = (+lab[1] * cosf(DEG(50)) + lab[2] * sinf(DEG(50)));
-  f = (-lab[1] * sinf(DEG(50)) + lab[2] + cosf(DEG(50))) * 1.14;
-  G = sqrtf(SQR(e) + SQR(f));
-  C = logf(1 + .06 * G) * 22.5f;
-  h = atan2f(f, e) + DEG(50);
-  h = fmodf(h, DEG(360));
-  if (h < 0) h += DEG(360);
-  din99d[0] = MIN(255, MAX(0, 325.22f * logf(1 + .0036 * lab[0]) * 2.5f));
-  din99d[1] = MIN(255, MAX(0, C * cos(h) * 2.5f + 128));
-  din99d[2] = MIN(255, MAX(0, C * sin(h) * 2.5f + 128));
-}
-
-static void AddColor(int bg, int fg, int rune, int r, int g, int b, int x) {
-  int i;
-  if (blends.i) {
-    for (i = blends.i; --i;) {
-      if (blends.p[i].color[0] == r && blends.p[i].color[1] == g &&
-          blends.p[i].color[2] == b) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  CHECK_NE(
-      -1,
-      APPEND(&blends.p, &blends.i, &blends.n,
-             (&(struct Blend){
-                 .bg = bg, .fg = fg, .rune = rune, .color = {r, g, b, x}})));
-}
-
-static void AddBlend(int bgxterm, int fgxterm, int rune, int shade,
-                     const unsigned char bgrgb[4],
-                     const unsigned char fgrgb[4]) {
-  AddColor(bgxterm, fgxterm, rune, twixt8(bgrgb[0], fgrgb[0], shade),
-           twixt8(bgrgb[1], fgrgb[1], shade), twixt8(bgrgb[2], fgrgb[2], shade),
-           0);
-}
-
-static void MakeBlends(const unsigned char palette[16][3]) {
-  int r, i, j, k;
-  double rgb[3], xyz[3];
-  unsigned char tab[256][4];
-  unsigned char cube[6] = {0, 0137, 0207, 0257, 0327, 0377};
-  unsigned char seqs[2][2] = {{16, 255}};
-  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
-    tab[i][0] = palette[i][0];
-    tab[i][1] = palette[i][1];
-    tab[i][2] = palette[i][2];
-    tab[i][3] = i;
-  }
-  for (i = 16; i < 232; ++i) {
-    tab[i][0] = cube[((i - 020) / 044) % 6];
-    tab[i][1] = cube[((i - 020) / 6) % 6];
-    tab[i][2] = cube[(i - 020) % 6];
-    tab[i][3] = i;
-  }
-  for (i = 232; i < 256; ++i) {
-    tab[i][0] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
-    tab[i][1] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
-    tab[i][2] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
-    tab[i][3] = i;
-  }
-#if DIN99
-  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
-    LoadRgb(rgb, tab[i]);
-    vmatmul3(xyz, rgb, COLORSPACE_TTY);
-    XyzToDin99d(tab[i], xyz);
-  }
-#endif
-  for (r = 0; r < ARRAYLEN(seqs); ++r) {
-    for (i = seqs[r][0]; i <= seqs[r][1]; ++i) {
-      for (j = seqs[r][0]; j <= seqs[r][1]; ++j) {
-        if (i == j) {
-          AddColor(i, 0, 0, tab[i][0], tab[i][1], tab[i][2], 0);
-        } else {
-          for (k = 0; k < ARRAYLEN(kShadeRune); ++k) {
-            AddBlend(i, j, kShadeRune[k], kShadePct[k], tab[i], tab[j]);
-            AddBlend(j, i, kShadeRune[k], kShadePct[k], tab[j], tab[i]);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static int PickColor(unsigned char color[3]) {
-  int i, best, least, dist;
-  best = -1;
-  least = INT_MAX;
-  for (i = 0; i < blends.i; ++i) {
-    dist = SQR(blends.p[i].color[0] - color[0]) +
-           SQR(blends.p[i].color[1] - color[1]) +
-           SQR(blends.p[i].color[2] - color[2]);
-    if (dist < least) {
-      least = dist;
-      best = i;
-    }
-  }
-  return best;
-}
-
-static void SetBg(int x) {
-  if (0 <= x && x < 16) {
-    if (x < 8) {
-      x += 40;
-    } else {
-      x -= 8;
-      x *= 100;
-    }
-    printf("\e[%dm", x);
-  } else {
-    /* assert(false); */
-    printf("\e[48;5;%dm", x);
-  }
-}
-
-static void SetFg(int x) {
-  if (0 <= x && x < 16) {
-    if (x < 8) {
-      x += 30;
-    } else {
-      x -= 8;
-      x *= 90;
-    }
-    printf("\e[%dm", x);
-  } else {
-    /* assert(false); */
-    printf("\e[38;5;%dm", x);
-  }
-}
-
-static void PrintImage(long yn, long xn, unsigned char src[4][yn][xn]) {
-  int y, x, c;
-  double rgb[3], xyz[3];
-  unsigned char din99d[3];
-  for (y = 0; y < yn; ++y) {
-    printf("\n");
-    for (x = 0; x < xn; ++x) {
-      din99d[0] = src[0][y][x];
-      din99d[1] = src[1][y][x];
-      din99d[2] = src[2][y][x];
-#if DIN99
-      LoadRgb(rgb, din99d);
-      vmatmul3(xyz, rgb, COLORSPACE_SRC);
-      XyzToDin99d(din99d, xyz);
-#endif
-      c = PickColor(din99d);
-      if (blends.p[c].rune) {
-        SetBg(blends.p[c].bg);
-        SetFg(blends.p[c].fg);
-        printf("%hc", blends.p[c].rune);
-      } else {
-        SetBg(blends.p[c].bg);
-        printf(" ");
-      }
-    }
-    printf("\e[0m");
-  }
-  printf("\r");
-}
-
-static void *Deinterlace(long dcn, long dyn, long dxn,
-                         unsigned char dst[dcn][dyn][dxn], long syw, long sxw,
-                         long scw, const unsigned char src[syw][sxw][scw],
-                         long syn, long sxn, long sy0, long sx0, long sc0) {
-  long y, x, c;
-  for (y = 0; y < dyn; ++y) {
-    for (x = 0; x < dxn; ++x) {
-      for (c = 0; c < dcn; ++c) {
-        dst[c][y][x] = src[sy0 + y][sx0 + x][sc0 + c];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return dst;
-}
-
-static void GetTermSize(int out_rows[1], int out_cols[1]) {
-  struct winsize ws;
-  ws.ws_row = 24;
-  ws.ws_col = 80;
-  if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1) {
-    ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws);
-  }
-  out_rows[0] = ws.ws_row;
-  out_cols[0] = ws.ws_col;
-}
-
-static void ProcessImage(long syn, long sxn, unsigned char img[syn][sxn][4]) {
-  int dyn, dxn;
-  double ry, rx;
-  GetTermSize(&dyn, &dxn);
-  ry = syn, rx = sxn;
-  ry /= dyn, rx /= dxn;
-  PrintImage(
-      dyn, dxn,
-      EzGyarados(4, dyn, dxn, gc(xmemalign(32, dyn * dxn * 4)), 4, syn, sxn,
-                 Deinterlace(4, syn, sxn, gc(xmemalign(32, syn * sxn * 4)), syn,
-                             sxn, 4, img, syn, sxn, 0, 0, 0),
-                 0, 4, dyn, dxn, syn, sxn, ry, rx, 0, 0));
-}
-
-static void WithImageFile(const char *path,
-                          void fn(long yn, long xn,
-                                  unsigned char src[yn][xn][4])) {
-  struct stat st;
-  void *map, *data;
-  int fd, yn, xn, cn;
-  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)), "%s", path);
-  CHECK_NE(-1, fstat(fd, &st));
-  CHECK_GT(st.st_size, 0);
-  CHECK_LE(st.st_size, INT_MAX);
-  CHECK_NE(MAP_FAILED,
-           (map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)));
-  CHECK_NOTNULL(
-      (data = stbi_load_from_memory(map, st.st_size, &xn, &yn, NULL, 4)), "%s",
-      path);
-  CHECK_NE(-1, munmap(map, st.st_size));
-  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
-  fn(yn, xn, data);
-  free(data);
-}
-
-static void PrintData(void) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < blends.i; ++i) {
-    printf("%3d %3d %3d %3d %3d %d\n", blends.p[i].color[0],
-           blends.p[i].color[1], blends.p[i].color[2], blends.p[i].bg,
-           blends.p[i].fg, blends.p[i].rune);
-  }
-}
-
-void *OpenRgbMap(const char *path) {
-  int fd;
-  void *map;
-  size_t size;
-  size = 256 * 256 * 256 * 3;
-  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644)));
-  CHECK_NE(-1, ftruncate(fd, size));
-  CHECK_NE(MAP_FAILED,
-           (map = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)));
-  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
-  return map;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i;
-  MakeBlends(kCga);
-  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-    WithImageFile(argv[i], ProcessImage);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}

examples/e820.c

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/fmt/itoa.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/e820.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/pc.internal.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-
-const char *DescribeMemoryType(int type) {
-  switch (type) {
-    case kMemoryUsable:
-      return "kMemoryUsable";
-    case kMemoryUnusable:
-      return "kMemoryUnusable";
-    case kMemoryAcpiReclaimable:
-      return "kMemoryAcpiReclaimable";
-    case kMemoryAcpiNvs:
-      return "kMemoryAcpiNvs";
-    case kMemoryBad:
-      return "kMemoryBad";
-    default:
-      return "UNKNOWN";
-  }
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i;
-  const char *ts;
-  struct mman *mm;
-  mm = (struct mman *)(BANE + 0x0500);
-  for (i = 0; i < mm->e820n; ++i) {
-    printf("%p-%p %s\n", mm->e820[i].addr, mm->e820[i].size,
-           DescribeMemoryType(mm->e820[i].type));
-  }
-  for (;;) asm("pause");
-  return 0;
-}

examples/examples.mk

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
 	LIBC_LOG						\
 	LIBC_MEM						\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E						\
+	LIBC_NT_IPHLPAPI					\
 	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32					\
 	LIBC_NT_NTDLL						\
 	LIBC_NT_USER32						\
@@ -65,14 +66,19 @@ EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
 	LIBC_X							\
 	LIBC_ZIPOS						\
 	NET_HTTP						\
+	NET_HTTPS						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC					\
+	THIRD_PARTY_QUICKJS					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT					\
+	THIRD_PARTY_LUA						\
+	THIRD_PARTY_MBEDTLS					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_STB						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_XED						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB					\
+	TOOL_BUILD_LIB						\
 	TOOL_VIZ_LIB
 
 EXAMPLES_DEPS :=						\
@@ -80,7 +86,6 @@ EXAMPLES_DEPS :=						\
 
 o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_OBJS)				\
-		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE_A).pkg			\
 		$(foreach x,$(EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)
 
 o/$(MODE)/examples/unbourne.o:					\
@@ -95,11 +100,10 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/%.com.dbg:					\
 		$(APE)
 	@$(APELINK)
 
-o/$(MODE)/examples/hellojs.com.dbg:				\
+o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.com.dbg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)				\
-		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE)				\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellojs.o			\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.js.zip.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.o			\
+		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.lua.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg			\
 		$(CRT)						\
 		$(APE)
@@ -116,7 +120,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/ispell.com.dbg:				\
 
 o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com.dbg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)				\
-		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE)				\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.o			\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/mario.nes.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/zelda.nes.zip.o		\

examples/exec.c

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  if (argc < 2) return 1;
-  execv(argv[1], argv + 1);
-  abort();
-}

examples/fastdiv.c

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/testlib/ezbench.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Fast Division Using Multiplication Tutorial
+ *
+ * Expected program output:
+ *
+ *     23 / 3 = 7
+ *     0x5555555555555556 1 1
+ *     division   l: 16𝑐  5𝑛𝑠
+ *     fast div   l:  5𝑐  2𝑛𝑠
+ *     precomps   l: 70𝑐 23𝑛𝑠
+ */
+
+struct Divisor {
+  uint64_t m;
+  uint8_t s;
+  uint8_t t;
+};
+
+struct Divisor GetDivisor(uint64_t d) {
+  int b;
+  uint128_t x;
+  if (!d) raise(SIGFPE);
+  b = __builtin_clzll(d) ^ 63;
+  x = -d & (((1ull << b) - 1) | (1ull << b));
+  return (struct Divisor){(x << 64) / d + 1, MIN(1, b + 1), MAX(0, b)};
+}
+
+uint64_t Divide(uint64_t x, struct Divisor d) {
+  uint128_t t;
+  uint64_t l, h;
+  t = d.m;
+  t *= x;
+  l = t;
+  h = t >> 64;
+  l = (x - h) >> d.s;
+  return (h + l) >> d.t;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  printf("23 / 3 = %ld\n", Divide(23, GetDivisor(3)));
+  volatile struct Divisor v = GetDivisor(3);
+  volatile uint64_t x = 23, y = 3, z;
+  EZBENCH2("division", donothing, z = x / y);
+  EZBENCH2("fast div", donothing, z = Divide(x, v));
+  EZBENCH2("precomp ", donothing, v = GetDivisor(y));
+  return 0;
+}

examples/fastmod.c

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/testlib/ezbench.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Fast Modulus Using Multiplication Tutorial
+ *
+ * Expected program output:
+ *
+ *     23 / 3 = 7
+ *     0x5555555555555556 1 1
+ *     modulus   l: 15𝑐  5𝑛𝑠
+ *     fastmod   l:  4𝑐  1𝑛𝑠
+ *     precomp   l: 18𝑐  6𝑛𝑠
+ */
+
+struct Modulus {
+  uint64_t c;
+  uint64_t d;
+};
+
+struct Modulus GetModulus(uint64_t d) {
+  return (struct Modulus){0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / d + 1, d};
+}
+
+uint64_t Modulus(uint64_t x, struct Modulus m) {
+  return ((uint128_t)(m.c * x) * m.d) >> 64;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  printf("%#lx %% %d = %d\n", 0x23, 3, Modulus(23, GetModulus(3)));
+  printf("%#lx %% %d = %d\n", 0x123, 17, Modulus(0x123, GetModulus(17)));
+  volatile struct Modulus v = GetModulus(3);
+  volatile uint64_t x = 23, y = 3, z;
+  EZBENCH2("modulus", donothing, z = x % y);
+  EZBENCH2("fastmod", donothing, z = Modulus(x, v));
+  EZBENCH2("precomp", donothing, v = GetModulus(y));
+  return 0;
+}

examples/findprime.c

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/itimerval.h"
-#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
-#include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/log/check.h"
-#include "libc/log/color.internal.h"
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/math.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/itimer.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
-
-static const struct itimerval kTimer = {{0, 10000}, {0, 10000}}; /* 10ms */
-static volatile bool32 showprogress_;
-static const char *magic_;
-
-void OnInterrupt(int sig) {
-  showprogress_ = true;
-}
-
-void ShowProgress(uintmax_t i, uintmax_t j, uintmax_t n) {
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s%,40jd%,40jd%,40jd\r\n", magic_, i, j, n);
-  showprogress_ = false;
-}
-
-static bool IsPrime(uintmax_t i) {
-  uintmax_t j, n;
-  for (j = 3, n = (unsigned long)floorl(sqrtl(i)); j <= n; j += 2) {
-    if (showprogress_) ShowProgress(i, j, n);
-    if (i % j == 0) return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-static void TryNumber(uintmax_t x, uintmax_t i) {
-  if (IsPrime(i)) {
-    printf("%s%,jd%s%,jd\n", "the prime nearest ", x, " is ", i);
-    exit(0);
-  }
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-  uintmax_t x, i, j;
-  CHECK_EQ(2, argc);
-  signal(SIGALRM, OnInterrupt);
-  setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &kTimer, NULL);
-  magic_ = cancolor() ? "\e[F\e[K" : "";
-  if ((x = strtoumax(argv[1], NULL, 0)) % 2 == 0) ++x;
-  TryNumber(x, x);
-  for (i = x, j = x;;) {
-    if (i < UINTMAX_MAX) TryNumber(x, i), i += 2;
-    if (j > 1) TryNumber(x, j), j -= 2;
-  }
-}

examples/fork.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int pid;
-  pid = fork();
-  fprintf(stderr, "fork returned %d\n", pid);
-  return 0;
-}

examples/getcpucount.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/itoa.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/sysconf.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int c, n;
+  char a[22];
+  if ((c = GetCpuCount())) {
+    n = int64toarray_radix10(c, a);
+    a[n++] = '\n';
+    return write(1, a, n) == n ? 0 : 1;
+  } else {
+    return 1;
+  }
+}

examples/getrandom.c

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/errno.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
+#include "libc/rand/rand.h"
+#include "libc/rand/xorshift.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/ex.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/grnd.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/testlib/hyperion.h"
+#include "third_party/getopt/getopt.h"
+
+#define B 4096
+
+bool isdone;
+bool isbinary;
+unsigned long count = -1;
+
+uint64_t bcast(uint64_t f(void)) {
+  unsigned i;
+  uint64_t x;
+  for (x = i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+    x <<= 8;
+    x |= f() & 255;
+  }
+  return x;
+}
+
+uint64_t randv6(void) {
+  static int16_t gorp;
+  gorp = (gorp + 625) & 077777;
+  return gorp;
+}
+
+uint64_t randv7(void) {
+  static uint32_t randx = 1;
+  return ((randx = randx * 1103515245 + 12345) >> 16) & 077777;
+}
+
+uint64_t zero(void) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+uint64_t inc(void) {
+  static uint64_t x;
+  return x++;
+}
+
+uint64_t unixv6(void) {
+  return bcast(randv6);
+}
+
+uint64_t unixv7(void) {
+  return bcast(randv7);
+}
+
+uint64_t ape(void) {
+  static int i;
+  if ((i += 8) > _end - _base) i = 8;
+  return READ64LE(_base + i);
+}
+
+uint64_t moby(void) {
+  static int i;
+  if ((i += 8) > kMobySize) i = 8;
+  return READ64LE(kMoby + i);
+}
+
+uint64_t knuth(void) {
+  uint64_t a, b;
+  static uint64_t x = 1;
+  x *= 6364136223846793005;
+  x += 1442695040888963407;
+  a = x >> 32;
+  x *= 6364136223846793005;
+  x += 1442695040888963407;
+  b = x >> 32;
+  return a | b << 32;
+}
+
+uint64_t vigna(void) {
+  static uint64_t x;
+  uint64_t z = (x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15);
+  z = (z ^ (z >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
+  z = (z ^ (z >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
+  return z ^ (z >> 31);
+}
+
+uint64_t rngset64(void) {
+  static unsigned i;
+  static uint64_t s;
+  if (!i) {
+    s = rand64();
+    i = (s + 1) & (511);
+  }
+  return MarsagliaXorshift64(&s);
+}
+
+uint64_t xorshift64(void) {
+  static uint64_t s = kMarsagliaXorshift64Seed;
+  return MarsagliaXorshift64(&s);
+}
+
+uint64_t xorshift32(void) {
+  static uint32_t s = kMarsagliaXorshift32Seed;
+  uint64_t a = MarsagliaXorshift32(&s);
+  uint64_t b = MarsagliaXorshift32(&s);
+  return (uint64_t)a << 32 | b;
+}
+
+uint64_t libc(void) {
+  uint64_t x;
+  CHECK_EQ(8, getrandom(&x, 8, 0));
+  return x;
+}
+
+uint64_t kernel(void) {
+  uint64_t x;
+  CHECK_EQ(8, getrandom(&x, 8, GRND_NORDRND));
+  return x;
+}
+
+uint64_t hardware(void) {
+  uint64_t x;
+  CHECK_EQ(8, getrandom(&x, 8, GRND_NOSYSTEM));
+  return x;
+}
+
+uint64_t rdrnd(void) {
+  char cf;
+  int i = 0;
+  uint64_t x;
+  CHECK(X86_HAVE(RDRND));
+  for (;;) {
+    asm volatile(CFLAG_ASM("rdrand\t%1")
+                 : CFLAG_CONSTRAINT(cf), "=r"(x)
+                 : /* no inputs */
+                 : "cc");
+    if (cf) return x;
+    if (++i < 10) continue;
+    asm volatile("pause");
+    i = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+uint64_t rdseed(void) {
+  char cf;
+  int i = 0;
+  uint64_t x;
+  CHECK(X86_HAVE(RDSEED));
+  for (;;) {
+    asm volatile(CFLAG_ASM("rdseed\t%1")
+                 : CFLAG_CONSTRAINT(cf), "=r"(x)
+                 : /* no inputs */
+                 : "cc");
+    if (cf) return x;
+    if (++i < 10) continue;
+    asm volatile("pause");
+    i = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+const struct Function {
+  const char *s;
+  uint64_t (*f)(void);
+} kFunctions[] = {
+    {"ape", ape},                //
+    {"hardware", hardware},      //
+    {"inc", inc},                //
+    {"kernel", kernel},          //
+    {"knuth", knuth},            //
+    {"libc", libc},              //
+    {"moby", moby},              //
+    {"rand64", rand64},          //
+    {"rdrand", rdrnd},           //
+    {"rdrnd", rdrnd},            //
+    {"rdseed", rdseed},          //
+    {"rngset64", rngset64},      //
+    {"unixv6", unixv6},          //
+    {"unixv7", unixv7},          //
+    {"vigna", vigna},            //
+    {"xorshift32", xorshift32},  //
+    {"xorshift64", xorshift64},  //
+    {"zero", zero},              //
+};
+
+void OnInt(int sig) {
+  isdone = true;
+}
+
+wontreturn void PrintUsage(FILE *f, int rc) {
+  fprintf(f, "Usage: %s [-b] [-n NUM] [FUNC]\n", program_invocation_name);
+  exit(rc);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  char *p;
+  int i, opt;
+  ssize_t rc;
+  uint64_t x;
+  static char buf[B];
+  uint64_t (*f)(void);
+
+  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hbc:n:")) != -1) {
+    switch (opt) {
+      case 'b':
+        isbinary = true;
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+      case 'n':
+        count = strtoul(optarg, 0, 0);
+        break;
+      case 'h':
+        PrintUsage(stdout, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+      default:
+        PrintUsage(stderr, EX_USAGE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (optind == argc) {
+    f = libc;
+  } else {
+    for (f = 0, i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(kFunctions); ++i) {
+      if (!strcasecmp(argv[optind], kFunctions[i].s)) {
+        f = kFunctions[i].f;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!f) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "unknown function: %`'s\n", argv[optind]);
+      fprintf(stderr, "try: ");
+      for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(kFunctions); ++i) {
+        if (i) fprintf(stderr, ", ");
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s", kFunctions[i].s);
+      }
+      fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  signal(SIGINT, OnInt);
+  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+  if (!isbinary) {
+    for (; count && !isdone && !feof(stdout); --count) {
+      printf("0x%016lx\n", f());
+    }
+    fflush(stdout);
+    return ferror(stdout) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  while (count && !isdone) {
+    if (count >= B) {
+      for (i = 0; i < B / 8; ++i) {
+        x = f();
+        p = buf + i * 8;
+        WRITE64LE(p, x);
+      }
+      for (i = 0; i < B; i += rc) {
+        rc = write(1, buf + i, B - i);
+        if (rc == -1 && errno == EPIPE) exit(1);
+        if (rc == -1) perror("write"), exit(1);
+      }
+    } else {
+      x = f();
+      rc = write(1, &x, MIN(8, count));
+    }
+    if (!rc) break;
+    if (rc == -1 && errno == EPIPE) exit(1);
+    if (rc == -1) perror("write"), exit(1);
+    count -= rc;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}

examples/gui.c

@@ -7,9 +7,73 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
+#include "libc/dce.h"
+#include "libc/nexgen32e/nt2sysv.h"
+#include "libc/nt/dll.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/cw.h"
 #include "libc/nt/enum/mb.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/sw.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/wm.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/ws.h"
+#include "libc/nt/events.h"
 #include "libc/nt/messagebox.h"
+#include "libc/nt/struct/msg.h"
+#include "libc/nt/struct/wndclass.h"
+#include "libc/nt/windows.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview GUI Example
+ *
+ * Cosmopolitan has had a razor sharp focus on making sockets and stdio
+ * work well across platforms. When you call a function like read(), it
+ * will just work on platforms like Windows too. In order to do that we
+ * need to support the WIN32 API, which you can use, but please note it
+ * isn't polyfilled on other platforms in the same way as POSIX APIs.
+ */
+
+static const char16_t kClassName[] = u"cosmopolitan";
+
+static int64_t WindowProc(int64_t hwnd, uint32_t uMsg, uint64_t wParam,
+                          int64_t lParam) {
+  switch (uMsg) {
+    case kNtWmDestroy:
+      PostQuitMessage(0);
+      return 0;
+    default:
+      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+  }
+}
+
+static void Gui(void) {
+  int64_t h;
+  struct NtMsg msg;
+  struct NtWndClass wc;
+  memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
+  wc.lpfnWndProc = NT2SYSV(WindowProc);
+  wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+  wc.lpszClassName = kClassName;
+  RegisterClass(&wc);
+  h = CreateWindowEx(0, kClassName, u"Hello Cosmopolitan",
+                     kNtWsOverlappedwindow, kNtCwUsedefault, kNtCwUsedefault,
+                     kNtCwUsedefault, kNtCwUsedefault, 0, 0, wc.hInstance, 0);
+  ShowWindow(h, kNtSwNormal);
+  /*
+   * NOTE: Cosmopolitan linker script is hard-coded to change the
+   *       subsystem from CUI to GUI when GetMessage() is linked.
+   */
+  while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0)) {
+    TranslateMessage(&msg);
+    DispatchMessage(&msg);
+  }
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  return MessageBox(0, u"hello world", u"cosmopolitan", kNtMbOk) ? 0 : 1;
+  if (!IsWindows()) {
+    fputs("Sorry! This GUI demo only runs on Windows\n", stderr);
+    fputs("https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues/57\n", stderr);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  Gui();
 }

examples/hello.c

@@ -10,13 +10,6 @@
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 
 int main() {
-  /*
-   * Cosmopolitan's "Hello World" demonstrates a best practice.
-   *
-   * Since we conditionally link heavyweight features based on which
-   * characters are present in the format string, it's a good idea to
-   * have that string consist solely of directives.
-   */
   printf("%s\n", "hello world");
   return 0;
 }

examples/hello.js

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-console.log('Hello world!\n');
-console.log('2+3=' + NativeAdd(2, 3) + '\n');

examples/hello3.c

@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
 #include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
-#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 
 int main() {
-  dprintf(STDOUT_FILENO, "%s\n", gc(xasprintf("%'s", "(╯°□°)╯︵' ┻━┻")));
+  printf("%`'s\n", "hello\1\2world→→");
   return errno;
 }

examples/hello4.c

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-
-int main() {
-  printf("%s \n", "hello world");
-  return errno;
-}

examples/hellojs.c

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
-#include "libc/log/check.h"
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
-#include "third_party/duktape/duktape.h"
-
-STATIC_YOINK("zip_uri_support");
-
-static duk_ret_t NativePrint(duk_context *ctx) {
-  duk_push_string(ctx, " ");
-  duk_insert(ctx, 0);
-  duk_join(ctx, duk_get_top(ctx) - 1);
-  fputs(duk_safe_to_string(ctx, -1), stdout);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static duk_ret_t NativeAdd(duk_context *ctx) {
-  int i, n;
-  double r;
-  n = duk_get_top(ctx);
-  for (r = i = 0; i < n; i++) r += duk_to_number(ctx, i);
-  duk_push_number(ctx, r);
-  return 1;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int fd;
-  struct stat st;
-  const char *code;
-  duk_context *ctx;
-  showcrashreports();
-  ctx = duk_create_heap_default();
-
-  /* define NativeAdd() */
-  duk_push_c_function(ctx, NativeAdd, DUK_VARARGS);
-  duk_put_global_string(ctx, "NativeAdd");
-
-  /* define console.log() */
-  duk_push_global_object(ctx);
-  duk_push_c_function(ctx, NativePrint, DUK_VARARGS);
-  duk_push_string(ctx, "name");
-  duk_push_string(ctx, "log");
-  duk_def_prop(ctx, -3, DUK_DEFPROP_HAVE_VALUE | DUK_DEFPROP_FORCE);
-  duk_set_magic(ctx, -1, 0);
-  duk_put_prop_string(ctx, -2, "log");
-  duk_put_global_string(ctx, "console");
-
-  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open("zip:examples/hello.js", O_RDONLY)));
-  CHECK_NE(-1, fstat(fd, &st));
-  CHECK_NOTNULL((code = gc(calloc(1, st.st_size + 1))));
-  CHECK_EQ(st.st_size, read(fd, code, st.st_size));
-  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
-
-  duk_eval_string(ctx, code);
-  duk_pop(ctx);
-  duk_destroy_heap(ctx);
-  return 0;
-}

examples/hellolua.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "third_party/lua/lauxlib.h"
+#include "third_party/lua/lualib.h"
+
+int NativeAdd(lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x, y;
+  x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, x + y);
+  return 1; /* number of results */
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  lua_State *L;
+  L = luaL_newstate();
+  luaL_openlibs(L);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, NativeAdd);
+  lua_setglobal(L, "NativeAdd");
+  luaL_dofile(L, "zip:examples/hellolua.lua");
+  lua_close(L);
+  return 0;
+}

examples/hellolua.lua

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print(string.format("2 + 3 = %g", NativeAdd(2, 3)))

examples/hertz.c

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/itimerval.h"
+#include "libc/errno.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/itimer.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+
+const struct itimerval kHertz = {
+    {1, 0},
+    {0, 1},
+};
+
+bool hertz;
+
+void OnAlrm(void) {
+  hertz = true;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  CHECK_NE(-1, xsigaction(SIGALRM, OnAlrm, 0, 0, 0));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &kHertz, NULL));
+  for (;;) {
+    CHECK_EQ(-1, pause());
+    CHECK_EQ(EINTR, errno);
+    if (hertz) {
+      hertz = false;
+      printf("ding\n");
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

examples/img.c

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "third_party/stb/stb_image.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Utility for printing HTML <img> tags.
+ */
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  void *p;
+  size_t n;
+  int yn, xn, cn;
+  if (argc != 2) return 1;
+  if (!(p = xslurp(argv[1], &n))) return 2;
+  if (!(p = stbi_load_from_memory(p, n, &xn, &yn, &cn, 0))) return 3;
+  printf("<img src=\"%s\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\"\n"
+         "     alt=\"[%s]\">\n",
+         argv[1], (xn + 1) >> 1, (yn + 1) >> 1, argv[1]);
+  return 0;
+}

examples/invtsc.c

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/dce.h"
-#include "libc/log/check.h"
-#include "libc/nexgen32e/rdtsc.h"
-#include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/clock.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
-#include "libc/x/x.h"
-#include "third_party/gdtoa/gdtoa.h"
-
-/**
- * @fileoverview Measure CPU clock mystery constants.
- * @note CPUID EAX=15h/16h is a joke
- */
-
-const long double kInterval = 0.001L;
-
-long double start_;
-char dtoabuf_[3][32];
-volatile bool isdone_;
-
-void OnCtrlC(int sig) {
-  isdone_ = true;
-}
-
-long double now(void) {
-  return dtime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-}
-
-long double GetSample(void) {
-  uint64_t tick1, tick2;
-  long double time1, time2;
-  time1 = now();
-  tick1 = rdtsc();
-  nanosleep(&(struct timespec){0, 100000}, NULL);
-  time2 = now();
-  tick2 = rdtsc();
-  return ((time2 - time1) * 1e9L) / (long double)(tick2 - tick1);
-}
-
-void MeasureNanosecondsPerAlwaysRunningTimerCycle(void) {
-  int i;
-  long double avg, samp, elapsed;
-  start_ = now();
-  for (i = 1, avg = 1.0L; !isdone_; ++i) {
-    samp = GetSample();
-    avg += (samp - avg) / i;
-    dsleep(kInterval);
-    elapsed = now() - start_;
-    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[0], &avg, 15, 32, 0);
-    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[1], &samp, 15, 32, 0);
-    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[2], &elapsed, 15, 32, 0);
-    printf("1c = %sns (last=%sns spent=%ss)\n", dtoabuf_[0], dtoabuf_[1],
-           dtoabuf_[2]);
-  }
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  if (!X86_HAVE(INVTSC)) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "warning: html can reprogram your microcode\n");
-  }
-  if (X86_HAVE(HYPERVISOR)) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "warning: virtual machine rdtsc isn't great\n");
-  }
-  CHECK_NE(-1, xsigaction(SIGINT, OnCtrlC, 0, 0, NULL));
-  MeasureNanosecondsPerAlwaysRunningTimerCycle();
-  return 0;
-}

examples/kilo.c

@@ -267,8 +267,12 @@ int editorReadKey(int64_t fd) {
             if (read(fd, seq + 2, 1) == 0) return CTRL('[');
             if (seq[2] == '~') {
               switch (seq[1]) {
+                case '1':
+                  return HOME_KEY;
                 case '3':
                   return DEL_KEY;
+                case '4':
+                  return END_KEY;
                 case '5':
                   return PAGE_UP;
                 case '6':

examples/ls.c

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void List(const char *path) {
   if (strcmp(path, ".") == 0) {
     vpath = "";
   } else if (!endswith(path, "/")) {
-    vpath = gc(xasprintf("%s/", path));
+    vpath = _gc(xasprintf("%s/", path));
   } else {
     vpath = path;
   }

examples/lstime.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void WalkPaths(const char *dirpath) {
     if (strcmp(e->d_name, "o") == 0) continue;
     if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".git") == 0) continue;
     if (e->d_type == DT_DIR) {
-      WalkPaths(gc(path));
+      WalkPaths(_gc(path));
     } else {
       CHECK_NE(-1, lstat(path, &st), "%s", path);
       f.mt = st.st_mtim;

examples/malloc.c

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  char *s = malloc(1024 * 1024 * 2 + argc);
-  strcpy(s, "hello");
-  puts(s);
-  return 0;
-}

examples/mappy.c

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/map.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
-
-/*
-  OpenBSD
-  00025ff61000 000000000000 65536
-  00026cf1d000 00000cfbc000 65536
-  000254d83000 ffffe7e66000 65536
-  0002c7bde000 000072e5b000 65536
-  000253ff9000 ffff8c41b000 65536
-  0002e96f3000 0000956fa000 65536
-  000236346000 ffff4cc53000 65536
-  0002ce744000 0000983fe000 65536
-  0002fe0b8000 00002f974000 65536
-  000225cd7000 ffff27c1f000 65536
-*/
-
-struct Mapping {
-  uint8_t *map;
-  size_t mapsize;
-};
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  size_t i;
-  struct Mapping m[10];
-  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(m); ++i) {
-    m[i].mapsize = FRAMESIZE;
-    m[i].map = mmap(NULL, m[i].mapsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-                    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(m); ++i) {
-    printf("%p %p %zu\n", m[i].map, i ? m[i].map - m[i - 1].map : 0,
-           m[i].mapsize);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}

examples/nc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/dns/dns.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/sock/sock.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/af.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/ipproto.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/poll.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/shut.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/so.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sock.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sol.h"
+#include "third_party/getopt/getopt.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview netcat clone
+ *
+ * Implemented because BusyBox's netcat doesn't detect remote close and
+ * lingers in the CLOSE_WAIT wait possibly due to file descriptor leaks
+ *
+ * Here's an example usage:
+ *
+ *     make -j8 o//examples/nc.com
+ *     printf 'GET /\r\n\r\n' | o//examples/nc.com justine.lol 80
+ *
+ * Once upon time we called this command "telnet"
+ */
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  ssize_t rc;
+  size_t i, got;
+  char buf[1500];
+  bool halfclose = true;
+  const char *host, *port;
+  int opt, err, toto, sock;
+  struct addrinfo *ai = NULL;
+  struct linger linger = {true, 1};
+  struct pollfd fds[2] = {{-1, POLLIN}, {-1, POLLIN}};
+  struct addrinfo hint = {AI_NUMERICSERV, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP};
+
+  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hH")) != -1) {
+    switch (opt) {
+      case 'H':
+        halfclose = false;
+        break;
+      case 'h':
+        fputs("Usage: ", stdout);
+        fputs(argv[0], stdout);
+        fputs(" [-hH] IP PORT\n", stdout);
+        exit(0);
+      default:
+        fprintf(stderr, "bad option %d\n", opt);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+  if (argc - optind != 2) {
+    fputs("missing args\n", stderr);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  host = argv[optind + 0];
+  port = argv[optind + 1];
+
+  switch ((rc = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hint, &ai))) {
+    case EAI_SUCCESS:
+      break;
+    case EAI_SYSTEM:
+      perror("getaddrinfo");
+      exit(1);
+    default:
+      fputs("EAI_", stderr);
+      fputs(gai_strerror(rc), stderr);
+      fputs("\n", stderr);
+      exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if ((sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
+    perror("socket");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &linger, sizeof(linger)) == -1) {
+    perror("setsockopt(SO_LINGER)");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
+    perror("connect");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  fds[0].fd = 0;
+  fds[1].fd = sock;
+  for (;;) {
+    fds[0].revents = 0;
+    fds[1].revents = 0;
+    if (poll(fds, ARRAYLEN(fds), -1) == -1) {
+      perror("poll");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (fds[0].revents & (POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP)) {
+      if ((rc = read(0, buf, 1400)) == -1) {
+        perror("read(stdin)");
+        exit(1);
+      }
+      if (!(got = rc)) {
+        if (halfclose) {
+          shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
+        }
+        fds[0].fd = -1;
+      }
+      for (i = 0; i < got; i += rc) {
+        if ((rc = write(sock, buf + i, got - i)) == -1) {
+          perror("write(sock)");
+          exit(1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (fds[1].revents & (POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP)) {
+      if ((rc = read(sock, buf, 1500)) == -1) {
+        perror("read(sock)");
+        exit(1);
+      }
+      if (!(got = rc)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      for (i = 0; i < got; i += rc) {
+        if ((rc = write(1, buf + i, got - i)) == -1) {
+          perror("write(stdout)");
+          exit(1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (close(sock) == -1) {
+    perror("close");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  freeaddrinfo(ai);
+  return 0;
+}

examples/nesemu1.cc

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/ohmyplus/vector.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/sock/sock.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"

examples/panels.c

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/ioctl.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/sigaction.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/termios.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/winsize.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/log/gdb.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sa.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "tool/build/lib/panel.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Cosmopolitan Paneling Demo.
+ *
+ * This is useful for creating terminal user interfaces. We take the
+ * simplest approach possible. The main thing we abstract is like,
+ * truncating the lines that overflow within a panel. In order to do
+ * that, we abstract the ANSI parsing and the implementation is able to
+ * tell how many cells wide each UNICODE character is.
+ *
+ * There are smarter ways for Cosmopolitan to do this. For example, it'd
+ * be great to have automatic flex boxes. It'd also be nice to be able
+ * to use dynamic programming for low bandwidth display updates, like
+ * Emacs does, but that's less of an issue these days and can actually
+ * make things slower, since for heavy workloads like printing videos,
+ * having ANSI codes bouncing around the display actually goes slower.
+ *
+ * Beyond basic paneling, a message box widget is also provided, which
+ * makes it easier to do modal dialogs.
+ */
+
+struct Panels {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      struct Panel left;
+      struct Panel right;
+    };
+    struct Panel p[2];
+  };
+} pan;
+
+long tyn;
+long txn;
+char key[8];
+bool shutdown;
+bool invalidated;
+struct termios oldterm;
+
+void OnShutdown(int sig) {
+  shutdown = true;
+}
+
+void OnInvalidate(int sig) {
+  invalidated = true;
+}
+
+void GetTtySize(void) {
+  struct winsize wsize;
+  wsize.ws_row = tyn;
+  wsize.ws_col = txn;
+  getttysize(1, &wsize);
+  tyn = wsize.ws_row;
+  txn = wsize.ws_col;
+}
+
+int Write(const char *s) {
+  return write(1, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+void Setup(void) {
+  CHECK_NE(-1, ioctl(1, TCGETS, &oldterm));
+}
+
+void Enter(void) {
+  struct termios term;
+  memcpy(&term, &oldterm, sizeof(term));
+  term.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+  term.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;
+  term.c_iflag &= ~(INPCK | ISTRIP | PARMRK | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON);
+  term.c_lflag &= ~(IEXTEN | ICANON | ECHO | ECHONL);
+  term.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE | PARENB);
+  term.c_cflag |= CS8;
+  term.c_iflag |= IUTF8;
+  CHECK_NE(-1, ioctl(1, TCSETS, &term));
+  Write("\e[?25l");
+}
+
+void Leave(void) {
+  Write(gc(xasprintf("\e[?25h\e[%d;%dH\e[S\r\n", tyn, txn)));
+  ioctl(1, TCSETS, &oldterm);
+}
+
+void Clear(void) {
+  long i, j;
+  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(pan.p); ++i) {
+    for (j = 0; j < pan.p[i].n; ++j) {
+      free(pan.p[i].lines[j].p);
+    }
+    free(pan.p[i].lines);
+    pan.p[i].lines = 0;
+    pan.p[i].n = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+void Layout(void) {
+  long i, j;
+  i = txn >> 1;
+  pan.left.top = 0;
+  pan.left.left = 0;
+  pan.left.bottom = tyn;
+  pan.left.right = i;
+  pan.right.top = 0;
+  pan.right.left = i + 1;
+  pan.right.bottom = tyn;
+  pan.right.right = txn;
+  pan.left.n = pan.left.bottom - pan.left.top;
+  pan.left.lines = xcalloc(pan.left.n, sizeof(*pan.left.lines));
+  pan.right.n = pan.right.bottom - pan.right.top;
+  pan.right.lines = xcalloc(pan.right.n, sizeof(*pan.right.lines));
+}
+
+void Append(struct Panel *p, int i, const char *s) {
+  if (i >= p->n) return;
+  AppendStr(p->lines + i, s);
+}
+
+void Draw(void) {
+  Append(&pan.left, 0, gc(xasprintf("you typed %`'s", key)));
+  Append(&pan.left, ((tyn + 1) >> 1) + 0, "hello left 1 𐌰𐌱𐌲𐌳𐌴𐌵𐌶𐌷");
+  Append(&pan.left, ((tyn + 1) >> 1) + 1, "hello left 2 (╯°□°)╯");
+  Append(&pan.right, ((tyn + 1) >> 1) + 0, "hello right 1");
+  Append(&pan.right, ((tyn + 1) >> 1) + 1, "hello right 2");
+  PrintPanels(1, ARRAYLEN(pan.p), pan.p, tyn, txn);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  struct sigaction sa[2] = {{.sa_handler = OnShutdown},
+                            {.sa_handler = OnInvalidate}};
+  showcrashreports();
+  Setup();
+  Enter();
+  GetTtySize();
+  sigaction(SIGINT, &sa[0], 0);
+  sigaction(SIGCONT, &sa[1], 0);
+  sigaction(SIGWINCH, &sa[1], 0);
+  atexit(Leave);
+  do {
+    Clear();
+    Layout();
+    Draw();
+    if (invalidated) {
+      Enter();
+      GetTtySize();
+      invalidated = false;
+    } else {
+      readansi(0, key, sizeof(key));
+    }
+  } while (!shutdown);
+}

examples/peek.c

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
-│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
-╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
-│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
-│                                                                              │
-│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
-│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
-│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
-│                                                                              │
-│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
-│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
-│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
-│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
-│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
-│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
-│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
-│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/interruptiblecall.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
-
-struct InterruptibleCall icall;
-
-static intptr_t peek(intptr_t *addr) {
-  return *addr;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-    intptr_t addr = strtoul(argv[i], NULL, 0);
-    icall.sig = SIGSEGV;
-    printf("%#p → %#lx\n", addr,
-           interruptiblecall(&icall, (void *)peek, addr, 0, 0, 0));
-  }
-  return 0;
-}

examples/pipe.c

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
-│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
-╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
-│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
-│                                                                              │
-│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
-│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
-│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
-│                                                                              │
-│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
-│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
-│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
-│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
-│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
-│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
-│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
-│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int pipefds[2] = {-1, -1};
-  int rc = pipe(pipefds);
-  printf("%d → %ld %ld\n", rc, pipefds[0], pipefds[1]);
-  return 0;
-}

examples/poll.c

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/sock/sock.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/poll.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int rc;
-  int pollms = 1;
-  struct pollfd fds[] = {{-1, 0}, {STDIN_FILENO, POLLIN}};
-  if ((rc = poll(fds, ARRAYLEN(fds), pollms)) != -1) {
-    printf("toto=%d\n", rc);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}

examples/printargs.c

@@ -20,39 +20,56 @@ const struct AuxiliaryValue {
   const char *name;
   const char *description;
 } kAuxiliaryValues[] = {
-    {"%p", &AT_EXECFD, "AT_EXECFD", "file descriptor of program"},
-    {"%p", &AT_PHDR, "AT_PHDR", "address of elf program headers"},
-    {"%p", &AT_PHENT, "AT_PHENT", "size of program header entry"},
-    {"%p", &AT_PHNUM, "AT_PHNUM", "number of program headers"},
-    {"%p", &AT_PAGESZ, "AT_PAGESZ", "system page size"},
-    {"%p", &AT_BASE, "AT_BASE", "base address of the program interpreter"},
-    {"%p", &AT_ENTRY, "AT_ENTRY", "entry address of executable"},
-    {"%p", &AT_NOTELF, "AT_NOTELF", "set if not an elf"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_EXECFD, "AT_EXECFD", "file descriptor of program"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_PHDR, "AT_PHDR", "address of elf program headers"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_PHENT, "AT_PHENT", "size of program header entry"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_PHNUM, "AT_PHNUM", "number of program headers"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_PAGESZ, "AT_PAGESZ", "system page size"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_BASE, "AT_BASE", "base address of the program interpreter"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_ENTRY, "AT_ENTRY", "entry address of executable"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_NOTELF, "AT_NOTELF", "set if not an elf"},
     {"%-12d", &AT_UID, "AT_UID", "real user id of thread"},
     {"%-12d", &AT_EUID, "AT_EUID", "effective user id of thread"},
     {"%-12d", &AT_GID, "AT_GID", "real group id of thread"},
     {"%-12d", &AT_EGID, "AT_EGID", "effective group id of thread"},
     {"%-12d", &AT_CLKTCK, "AT_CLKTCK", "frequency of times() counts"},
-    {"%p", &AT_OSRELDATE, "AT_OSRELDATE",
+    {"%012lx", &AT_OSRELDATE, "AT_OSRELDATE",
      "freebsd release number, e.g. 1200086"},
-    {"%p", &AT_PLATFORM, "AT_PLATFORM", "string identifying hardware platform"},
-    {"%p", &AT_DCACHEBSIZE, "AT_DCACHEBSIZE", "data cache block size"},
-    {"%p", &AT_ICACHEBSIZE, "AT_ICACHEBSIZE", "instruction cache block size"},
-    {"%p", &AT_UCACHEBSIZE, "AT_UCACHEBSIZE", "unified cache block size"},
-    {"%p", &AT_SECURE, "AT_SECURE", "for set{u,g}id binz & security blankets"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_PLATFORM, "AT_PLATFORM",
+     "string identifying hardware platform"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_DCACHEBSIZE, "AT_DCACHEBSIZE", "data cache block size"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_ICACHEBSIZE, "AT_ICACHEBSIZE",
+     "instruction cache block size"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_UCACHEBSIZE, "AT_UCACHEBSIZE", "unified cache block size"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_SECURE, "AT_SECURE",
+     "for set{u,g}id binz & security blankets"},
     {"%-12s", &AT_BASE_PLATFORM, "AT_BASE_PLATFORM",
      "string identifying real platform"},
-    {"%p", &AT_RANDOM, "AT_RANDOM", "address of sixteen random bytes"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_RANDOM, "AT_RANDOM", "address of sixteen random bytes"},
     {"%-12s", &AT_EXECFN, "AT_EXECFN", "pathname used to execute program"},
-    {"%p", &AT_SYSINFO_EHDR, "AT_SYSINFO_EHDR",
+    {"%012lx", &AT_SYSINFO_EHDR, "AT_SYSINFO_EHDR",
      "linux virtual dso page address"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_FLAGS, "AT_FLAGS", "unused?"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_HWCAP, "AT_HWCAP", "cpu stuff"},
+    {"%012lx", &AT_HWCAP2, "AT_HWCAP2", "more cpu stuff"},
 };
 
+const struct AuxiliaryValue *DescribeAuxv(unsigned long x) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(kAuxiliaryValues); ++i) {
+    if (x == *kAuxiliaryValues[i].id) {
+      return kAuxiliaryValues + i;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char **envp) {
   long key;
   unsigned i;
-  unsigned long val;
+  unsigned long *auxp;
   char fmt[64], **env;
+  struct AuxiliaryValue *auxinfo;
   printf("\nArguments:\n");
   for (i = 0; i < __argc; ++i) {
     printf(" ☼ %s\n", argv[i]);
@@ -62,13 +79,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[], char **envp) {
     printf(" ☼ %s\n", *env);
   }
   printf("\nAuxiliary Values:\n");
-  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(kAuxiliaryValues); ++i) {
-    key = *kAuxiliaryValues[i].id;
-    val = getauxval(key);
-    stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(fmt, "%16s[%p] = "), kAuxiliaryValues[i].fmt),
-           "  # %s\n");
-    printf(fmt, kAuxiliaryValues[i].name, key, val,
-           kAuxiliaryValues[i].description);
+  for (auxp = __auxv; *auxp; auxp += 2) {
+    if ((auxinfo = DescribeAuxv(auxp[0]))) {
+      stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(fmt, "%16s[%4ld] = "), auxinfo->fmt), "  # %s\n");
+      printf(fmt, auxinfo->name, auxp[0], auxp[1], auxinfo->description);
+    } else {
+      printf("%16s[%4ld] = %012lx\n", "unknown", auxp[0], auxp[1]);
+    }
   }
   printf("\nSpecial Directories:\n");
   printf(" ☼ kTmpPath = %`'s\n", kTmpPath);

examples/rawmode.c

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "dsp/tty/tty.h"
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
-#include "libc/time/time.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  setenv("GDB", "nopenopenope", true);
-  showcrashreports();
-  ttyraw(kTtyLfToCrLf | kTtySigs);
-  printf("hi\n"), sleep(1);
-  if (argc > 1 && strstr(argv[1], "crash")) abort();
-  printf("there\n"), sleep(1);
-  return 0;
-}

examples/rusage.c

@@ -8,58 +8,117 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/sigbits.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/rusage.h"
+#include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/clktck.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
 #include "libc/time/time.h"
 
-void Show(const char *name, long measurement, const char *unit) {
-  fprintf(stderr, "%-*s%,*d %s\n", 32, name, 32, measurement, unit);
+#define PREFIX "\e[1mRL\e[0m: "
+
+static void PrintResourceReport(struct rusage *ru) {
+  long utime, stime;
+  long double ticks;
+  if (ru->ru_maxrss) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sballooned to %,ldkb in size\n", PREFIX, ru->ru_maxrss);
+  }
+  if ((utime = ru->ru_utime.tv_sec * 1000000 + ru->ru_utime.tv_usec) |
+      (stime = ru->ru_stime.tv_sec * 1000000 + ru->ru_stime.tv_usec)) {
+    ticks = ceill((long double)(utime + stime) / (1000000.L / CLK_TCK));
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sneeded %,ldµs cpu (%d%% kernel)\n", PREFIX,
+            utime + stime, (int)((long double)stime / (utime + stime) * 100));
+    if (ru->ru_idrss) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "%sneeded %,ldkb memory on average\n", PREFIX,
+              lroundl(ru->ru_idrss / ticks));
+    }
+    if (ru->ru_isrss) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "%sneeded %,ldkb stack on average\n", PREFIX,
+              lroundl(ru->ru_isrss / ticks));
+    }
+    if (ru->ru_ixrss) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "%smapped %,ldkb shared on average\n", PREFIX,
+              lroundl(ru->ru_ixrss / ticks));
+    }
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_minflt || ru->ru_majflt) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%scaused %,ld page faults (%d%% memcpy)\n", PREFIX,
+            ru->ru_minflt + ru->ru_majflt,
+            (int)((long double)ru->ru_minflt / (ru->ru_minflt + ru->ru_majflt) *
+                  100));
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_nvcsw + ru->ru_nivcsw > 1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s%,ld context switches (%d%% consensual)\n", PREFIX,
+            ru->ru_nvcsw + ru->ru_nivcsw,
+            (int)((long double)ru->ru_nvcsw / (ru->ru_nvcsw + ru->ru_nivcsw) *
+                  100));
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_msgrcv || ru->ru_msgsnd) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sreceived %,ld message%s and sent %,ld\n", PREFIX,
+            ru->ru_msgrcv, ru->ru_msgrcv == 1 ? "" : "s", ru->ru_msgsnd);
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_inblock || ru->ru_oublock) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sperformed %,ld read%s and %,ld write i/o operations\n",
+            PREFIX, ru->ru_inblock, ru->ru_inblock == 1 ? "" : "s",
+            ru->ru_oublock);
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_nsignals) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sreceived %,ld signals\n", PREFIX, ru->ru_nsignals);
+  }
+  if (ru->ru_nswap) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%sgot swapped %,ld times\n", PREFIX, ru->ru_nswap);
+  }
 }
 
-long TvToNs(struct timeval tv) {
-  return tv.tv_sec * 1000000000 + tv.tv_usec * 1000;
-}
+struct rusage rusage;
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int pid, wstatus;
   long double ts1, ts2;
-  struct rusage rusage;
+  sigset_t chldmask, savemask;
+  struct sigaction dflt, ignore, saveint, savequit;
   if (argc < 2) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s PROG [ARGS...]\n", argv[0]);
     return 1;
   }
-  memset(&rusage, -1, sizeof(rusage));
-  CHECK_GT(argc, 1);
+  dflt.sa_flags = 0;
+  dflt.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+  sigemptyset(&dflt.sa_mask);
+  ignore.sa_flags = 0;
+  ignore.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
+  sigaction(SIGINT, &ignore, &saveint);
+  sigaction(SIGQUIT, &ignore, &savequit);
+  sigemptyset(&chldmask);
+  sigaddset(&chldmask, SIGCHLD);
+  sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &chldmask, &savemask);
   ts1 = nowl();
-  if (!(pid = vfork())) {
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (pid = vfork()));
+  if (!pid) {
+    sigaction(SIGINT, &dflt, 0);
+    sigaction(SIGQUIT, &dflt, 0);
+    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &savemask, 0);
     execvp(argv[1], argv + 1);
-    abort();
+    fprintf(stderr, "exec failed %d\n", errno);
+    _Exit(127);
+  }
+  while (wait4(pid, &wstatus, 0, &rusage) == -1) {
+    CHECK_EQ(EINTR, errno);
   }
-  CHECK_NE(-1, wait4(pid, &wstatus, 0, &rusage));
   ts2 = nowl();
-  Show("wall time", lroundl((ts2 - ts1) * 1e9l), "ns");
-  Show("user time", TvToNs(rusage.ru_utime), "ns");
-  Show("sys time", TvToNs(rusage.ru_stime), "ns");
-  Show("maximum resident set size", rusage.ru_maxrss, "");
-  Show("integral shared memory size", rusage.ru_ixrss, "");
-  Show("integral unshared data size", rusage.ru_idrss, "");
-  Show("integral unshared stack size", rusage.ru_isrss, "");
-  Show("minor page faults", rusage.ru_minflt, "");
-  Show("major page faults", rusage.ru_majflt, "");
-  Show("swaps", rusage.ru_nswap, "");
-  Show("block input ops", rusage.ru_inblock, "");
-  Show("block output ops", rusage.ru_oublock, "");
-  Show("ipc messages sent", rusage.ru_msgsnd, "");
-  Show("ipc messages received", rusage.ru_msgrcv, "");
-  Show("signals received", rusage.ru_nsignals, "");
-  Show("voluntary context switches", rusage.ru_nvcsw, "");
-  Show("involuntary context switches", rusage.ru_nivcsw, "");
+  sigaction(SIGINT, &saveint, 0);
+  sigaction(SIGQUIT, &savequit, 0);
+  sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &savemask, 0);
+  fprintf(stderr, "%stook %,ldµs wall time\n", PREFIX,
+          (int64_t)((ts2 - ts1) * 1e6));
+  PrintResourceReport(&rusage);
   if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
     return WEXITSTATUS(wstatus);
   } else {

examples/spawn.c

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int pid, wstatus;
-  if (argc < 2) return 1;
-  pid = fork();
-  if (!pid) {
-    execv(argv[1], argv + 1);
-    abort();
-  }
-  waitpid(pid, &wstatus, 0);
-  return WEXITSTATUS(wstatus);
-}

examples/stat.c

@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ void PrintFileMetadata(const char *pathname, struct stat *st) {
          "hard link count", st->st_nlink, "mode / permissions", st->st_mode,
          "owner id", st->st_uid, "group id", st->st_gid,
          "device id (if special)", st->st_rdev, "block size", st->st_blksize,
-         "access time", gc(xiso8601(&st->st_atim)), "modified time",
-         gc(xiso8601(&st->st_mtim)), "c[omplicated]time",
-         gc(xiso8601(&st->st_ctim)));
+         "access time", _gc(xiso8601(&st->st_atim)), "modified time",
+         _gc(xiso8601(&st->st_mtim)), "c[omplicated]time",
+         _gc(xiso8601(&st->st_ctim)));
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

examples/statsize.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  struct stat st;
-  st.st_size = -1;
-  stat(argv[1], &st);
-  return st.st_size;
-}

examples/stringbuffer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/append.internal.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Fast Growable Strings Tutorial
+ */
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  char *b = 0;
+  appendf(&b, "hello ");  // guarantees nul terminator
+  CHECK_EQ(6, strlen(b));
+  CHECK_EQ(6, appendz(b).i);
+  appendf(&b, " world\n");
+  CHECK_EQ(13, strlen(b));
+  CHECK_EQ(13, appendz(b).i);
+  appendd(&b, "\0", 1);  // supports binary
+  CHECK_EQ(13, strlen(b));
+  CHECK_EQ(14, appendz(b).i);
+  appendf(&b, "%d arg%s\n", argc, argc == 1 ? "" : "s");
+  appendf(&b, "%s\n", "have a nice day");
+  write(1, b, appendz(b).i);
+  free(b);
+  return 0;
+}

examples/uname.c

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/calls/struct/utsname.h"
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
-#include "third_party/getopt/getopt.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  unsigned need = 0;
-  int opt;
-  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hasnrvmd")) != -1) {
-    switch (opt) {
-      case 'a':
-        need |= 0b111111;
-        break;
-      case 's':
-        need |= 0b000001;
-        break;
-      case 'n':
-        need |= 0b000010;
-        break;
-      case 'r':
-        need |= 0b000100;
-        break;
-      case 'v':
-        need |= 0b001000;
-        break;
-      case 'm':
-        need |= 0b010000;
-        break;
-      case 'd':
-        need |= 0b100000;
-        break;
-      default: /* -? or -h */
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s [%s]\n%s", "Usage", argv[0], "FLAGS",
-                "  -a\tprint all\n"
-                "  -s\tprint sysname\n"
-                "  -n\tprint nodename\n"
-                "  -r\tprint release\n"
-                "  -v\tprint version\n"
-                "  -m\tprint machine\n"
-                "  -d\tprint domainname\n");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-  }
-  if (!need) need = 0b000001;
-  struct utsname data;
-  if (uname(&data) == -1) perror("uname"), exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-  if (need & 0b000001) printf("%s ", data.sysname);
-  if (need & 0b000010) printf("%s ", data.nodename);
-  if (need & 0b000100) printf("%s ", data.release);
-  if (need & 0b001000) printf("%s ", data.version);
-  if (need & 0b010000) printf("%s ", data.machine);
-  if (need & 0b100000) printf("%s ", data.domainname);
-  printf("\n");
-  return 0;
-}

examples/walk.c

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
+#include "libc/errno.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "third_party/musl/ftw.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Directory walker example.
+ * Copied from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017
+ */
+
+static int display_info(const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb, int tflag,
+                        struct FTW *ftwbuf) {
+  printf("%-3s %2d %7jd   %-40s %d %s\n",
+         (tflag == FTW_D)     ? "d"
+         : (tflag == FTW_DNR) ? "dnr"
+         : (tflag == FTW_DP)  ? "dp"
+         : (tflag == FTW_F)   ? (S_ISBLK(sb->st_mode)    ? "f b"
+                                 : S_ISCHR(sb->st_mode)  ? "f c"
+                                 : S_ISFIFO(sb->st_mode) ? "f p"
+                                 : S_ISREG(sb->st_mode)  ? "f r"
+                                 : S_ISSOCK(sb->st_mode) ? "f s"
+                                                         : "f ?")
+         : (tflag == FTW_NS)  ? "ns"
+         : (tflag == FTW_SL)  ? "sl"
+         : (tflag == FTW_SLN) ? "sln"
+                              : "?",
+         ftwbuf->level, (intmax_t)sb->st_size, fpath, ftwbuf->base,
+         fpath + ftwbuf->base);
+  return 0; /* To tell nftw() to continue */
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int flags = 0;
+  const char *dir;
+  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'd') != NULL) flags |= FTW_DEPTH;
+  if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], 'p') != NULL) flags |= FTW_PHYS;
+  dir = argc < 2 ? "." : argv[1];
+  if (nftw(dir, display_info, 20, flags) == -1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "nftw() failed: %s: %s\n", strerror(errno), dir);
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+  }
+  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}

examples/x86split.c

@@ -16,6 +16,24 @@
 
 /**
  * @fileoverview x86 instruction length decoder by way of hex pipe.
+ *
+ * Here's an example of how you can use it to decode a NOP stream:
+ *
+ *     $ make -j8 o//examples/x86split.com
+ *     $ echo 909090 | o//examples/x86split.com
+ *     90
+ *     90
+ *     90
+ *
+ * If there was a XOR instruction in there, it'd do this:
+ *
+ *     $ make -j8 o//examples/x86split.com
+ *     $ echo 904531FF90 | o//examples/x86split.com
+ *     90                     # NOP
+ *     4531FF                 # XOR R15D,R15D
+ *     90                     # NOP
+ *
+ * Now that you're able to split x86 instructions the rest is easy.
  */
 
 int fgethex(FILE *f) {

libc/alg/bisect.internal.h

@@ -6,19 +6,23 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 forceinline void *bisect(const void *k, const void *data, size_t n, size_t size,
                          int cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg),
                          void *arg) {
-  int dir;
-  const char *p, *pos;
-  p = data;
-  while (n > 0) {
-    pos = p + size * (n / 2);
-    dir = cmp(k, pos, arg);
-    if (dir < 0) {
-      n /= 2;
-    } else if (dir > 0) {
-      p = pos + size;
-      n -= n / 2 + 1;
-    } else {
-      return (void *)pos;
+  int c;
+  const char *p;
+  ssize_t m, l, r;
+  if (n) {
+    l = 0;
+    r = n - 1;
+    p = data;
+    while (l <= r) {
+      m = (l + r) >> 1;
+      c = cmp(k, p + m * size, arg);
+      if (c > 0) {
+        l = m + 1;
+      } else if (c < 0) {
+        r = m - 1;
+      } else {
+        return p + m * size;
+      }
     }
   }
   return NULL;

libc/assert.h

@@ -6,18 +6,13 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 void __assert_fail(const char *, const char *, int) hidden wontreturn relegated;
 
 #ifdef NDEBUG
-#define __ASSERT_FAIL(EXPR, FILE, LINE)
+#define assert(EXPR) ((void)0)
 #else
-#define __ASSERT_FAIL(EXPR, FILE, LINE) __assert_fail(EXPR, FILE, LINE)
+#define assert(EXPR) \
+  ((void)((EXPR) || (__assert_fail(#EXPR, __FILE__, __LINE__), 0)))
 #endif
 
-#define assert(EXPR)                            \
-  do {                                          \
-    if (!(EXPR)) {                              \
-      __ASSERT_FAIL(#EXPR, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
-      unreachable;                              \
-    }                                           \
-  } while (0)
+#define static_assert _Static_assert
 
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_
 #endif /* !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0) */

libc/bits/abs.c

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@
 /**
  * Returns absolute value of x.
  */
-int(abs)(int x) {
+int abs(int x) {
   return ABS(x);
 }

libc/bits/bitreverse16.c

@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@
 /**
  * Reverses bits in 16-bit word.
  */
-uint16_t(bitreverse16)(uint16_t x) {
-  return kReverseBits[x & 0x00FF] << 8 | kReverseBits[(x & 0xFF00) >> 8];
+int bitreverse16(int x) {
+  return BITREVERSE16(x);
 }

libc/bits/bitreverse32.c

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 /**
  * Reverses bits in 32-bit word.
  */
-uint32_t(bitreverse32)(uint32_t x) {
+uint32_t bitreverse32(uint32_t x) {
   x = bswap_32(x);
-  x = ((x & 0xaaaaaaaa) >> 1) | ((x & 0x55555555) << 1);
-  x = ((x & 0xcccccccc) >> 2) | ((x & 0x33333333) << 2);
-  x = ((x & 0xf0f0f0f0) >> 4) | ((x & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 4);
+  x = (x & 0xaaaaaaaa) >> 1 | (x & 0x55555555) << 1;
+  x = (x & 0xcccccccc) >> 2 | (x & 0x33333333) << 2;
+  x = (x & 0xf0f0f0f0) >> 4 | (x & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 4;
   return x;
 }

libc/bits/bitreverse64.c

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
  */
 uint64_t bitreverse64(uint64_t x) {
   x = bswap_64(x);
-  x = ((x & 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa) >> 1) | ((x & 0x5555555555555555) << 1);
-  x = ((x & 0xcccccccccccccccc) >> 2) | ((x & 0x3333333333333333) << 2);
-  x = ((x & 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0) >> 4) | ((x & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f) << 4);
+  x = (x & 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa) >> 1 | (x & 0x5555555555555555) << 1;
+  x = (x & 0xcccccccccccccccc) >> 2 | (x & 0x3333333333333333) << 2;
+  x = (x & 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0) >> 4 | (x & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f) << 4;
   return x;
 }

libc/bits/bitreverse8.c

@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@
 /**
  * Reverses bits in 8-bit word.
  */
-uint8_t(bitreverse8)(uint8_t x) {
-  return kReverseBits[x];
+int bitreverse8(int x) {
+  return BITREVERSE8(x);
 }

libc/bits/bits.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ extern const uint8_t kReverseBits[256];
 
 uint32_t gray(uint32_t) pureconst;
 uint32_t ungray(uint32_t) pureconst;
-uint8_t bitreverse8(uint8_t) libcesque pureconst;
-uint16_t bitreverse16(uint16_t) libcesque pureconst;
+int bitreverse8(int) libcesque pureconst;
+int bitreverse16(int) libcesque pureconst;
 uint32_t bitreverse32(uint32_t) libcesque pureconst;
 uint64_t bitreverse64(uint64_t) libcesque pureconst;
 unsigned long roundup2pow(unsigned long) libcesque pureconst;
@@ -31,106 +31,104 @@ intptr_t atomic_store(void *, intptr_t, size_t);
 │ cosmopolitan § bits » no assembly required                               ─╬─│┼
 ╚────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│*/
 
-#define bitreverse8(X) (kReverseBits[(uint8_t)(X)])
-#define bitreverse16(X)                          \
-  ((uint16_t)kReverseBits[(uint8_t)(X)] << 010 | \
-   kReverseBits[((uint16_t)(X) >> 010) & 0xff])
+#define BITREVERSE8(X) (kReverseBits[255 & (X)])
+#define BITREVERSE16(X) \
+  (kReverseBits[0x00FF & (X)] << 8 | kReverseBits[(0xFF00 & (X)) >> 8])
 
-#define READ16LE(S)                             \
-  ((uint16_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 010 | \
-   (uint16_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 000)
-#define READ32LE(S)                             \
-  ((uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[3] << 030 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[2] << 020 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 010 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 000)
-#define READ64LE(S)                             \
-  ((uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[7] << 070 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[6] << 060 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[5] << 050 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[4] << 040 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[3] << 030 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[2] << 020 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 010 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 000)
+#ifdef __STRICT_ANSI__
+#define READ16LE(S) ((255 & (S)[1]) << 8 | (255 & (S)[0]))
+#define READ16BE(S) ((255 & (S)[0]) << 8 | (255 & (S)[1]))
+#define READ32LE(S)                                                    \
+  ((uint32_t)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
+   (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[1]) << 010 | (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[0]) << 000)
+#define READ32BE(S)                                                    \
+  ((uint32_t)(255 & (S)[0]) << 030 | (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[1]) << 020 | \
+   (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[2]) << 010 | (uint32_t)(255 & (S)[3]) << 000)
+#define READ64LE(S)                                                    \
+  ((uint64_t)(255 & (S)[7]) << 070 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[6]) << 060 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[5]) << 050 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[4]) << 040 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[3]) << 030 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[2]) << 020 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[1]) << 010 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[0]) << 000)
+#define READ64BE(S)                                                    \
+  ((uint64_t)(255 & (S)[0]) << 070 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[1]) << 060 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[2]) << 050 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[3]) << 040 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[4]) << 030 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[5]) << 020 | \
+   (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[6]) << 010 | (uint64_t)(255 & (S)[7]) << 000)
+#else /* gcc needs help knowing above are mov if s isn't a variable */
+#define READ16LE(S)                            \
+  ({                                           \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S); \
+    Ptr[1] << 8 | Ptr[0];                      \
+  })
+#define READ16BE(S)                            \
+  ({                                           \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S); \
+    Ptr[0] << 8 | Ptr[1];                      \
+  })
+#define READ32LE(S)                                      \
+  ({                                                     \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S);           \
+    ((uint32_t)Ptr[3] << 030 | (uint32_t)Ptr[2] << 020 | \
+     (uint32_t)Ptr[1] << 010 | (uint32_t)Ptr[0] << 000); \
+  })
+#define READ32BE(S)                                      \
+  ({                                                     \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S);           \
+    ((uint32_t)Ptr[0] << 030 | (uint32_t)Ptr[1] << 020 | \
+     (uint32_t)Ptr[2] << 010 | (uint32_t)Ptr[3] << 000); \
+  })
+#define READ64LE(S)                                      \
+  ({                                                     \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S);           \
+    ((uint64_t)Ptr[7] << 070 | (uint64_t)Ptr[6] << 060 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[5] << 050 | (uint64_t)Ptr[4] << 040 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[3] << 030 | (uint64_t)Ptr[2] << 020 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[1] << 010 | (uint64_t)Ptr[0] << 000); \
+  })
+#define READ64BE(S)                                      \
+  ({                                                     \
+    const uint8_t *Ptr = (const uint8_t *)(S);           \
+    ((uint64_t)Ptr[0] << 070 | (uint64_t)Ptr[1] << 060 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[2] << 050 | (uint64_t)Ptr[3] << 040 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[4] << 030 | (uint64_t)Ptr[5] << 020 | \
+     (uint64_t)Ptr[6] << 010 | (uint64_t)Ptr[7] << 000); \
+  })
+#endif
 
-#define READ16BE(S)                             \
-  ((uint16_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 010 | \
-   (uint16_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 000)
-#define READ32BE(S)                             \
-  ((uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 030 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 020 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[2] << 010 | \
-   (uint32_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[3] << 000)
-#define READ64BE(S)                             \
-  ((uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[0] << 070 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[1] << 060 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[2] << 050 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[3] << 040 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[4] << 030 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[5] << 020 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[6] << 010 | \
-   (uint64_t)((unsigned char *)(S))[7] << 000)
-
-#define WRITE16LE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint16_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-  } while (0)
-#define WRITE32LE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint32_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-    Ple[2] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 020); \
-    Ple[3] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 030); \
-  } while (0)
-#define WRITE64LE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint64_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-    Ple[2] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 020); \
-    Ple[3] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 030); \
-    Ple[4] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 040); \
-    Ple[5] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 050); \
-    Ple[6] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 060); \
-    Ple[7] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 070); \
-  } while (0)
-
-#define WRITE16BE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint16_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-  } while (0)
-#define WRITE32BE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint32_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[3] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[2] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 020); \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 030); \
-  } while (0)
-#define WRITE64BE(P, V)             \
-  do {                              \
-    uint8_t *Ple = (uint8_t *)(P);  \
-    uint64_t Vle = (V);             \
-    Ple[7] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 000); \
-    Ple[6] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 010); \
-    Ple[5] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 020); \
-    Ple[4] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 030); \
-    Ple[3] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 040); \
-    Ple[2] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 050); \
-    Ple[1] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 060); \
-    Ple[0] = (uint8_t)(Vle >> 070); \
-  } while (0)
+#define WRITE16LE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, (P) + 2)
+#define WRITE16BE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, (P) + 2)
+#define WRITE32LE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, \
+   (P)[2] = (0x0000000000FF0000 & (V)) >> 020, \
+   (P)[3] = (0x00000000FF000000 & (V)) >> 030, (P) + 4)
+#define WRITE32BE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0x00000000FF000000 & (V)) >> 030, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x0000000000FF0000 & (V)) >> 020, \
+   (P)[2] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, \
+   (P)[3] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, (P) + 4)
+#define WRITE64LE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, \
+   (P)[2] = (0x0000000000FF0000 & (V)) >> 020, \
+   (P)[3] = (0x00000000FF000000 & (V)) >> 030, \
+   (P)[4] = (0x000000FF00000000 & (V)) >> 040, \
+   (P)[5] = (0x0000FF0000000000 & (V)) >> 050, \
+   (P)[6] = (0x00FF000000000000 & (V)) >> 060, \
+   (P)[7] = (0xFF00000000000000 & (V)) >> 070, (P) + 8)
+#define WRITE64BE(P, V)                        \
+  ((P)[0] = (0xFF00000000000000 & (V)) >> 070, \
+   (P)[1] = (0x00FF000000000000 & (V)) >> 060, \
+   (P)[2] = (0x0000FF0000000000 & (V)) >> 050, \
+   (P)[3] = (0x000000FF00000000 & (V)) >> 040, \
+   (P)[4] = (0x00000000FF000000 & (V)) >> 030, \
+   (P)[5] = (0x0000000000FF0000 & (V)) >> 020, \
+   (P)[6] = (0x000000000000FF00 & (V)) >> 010, \
+   (P)[7] = (0x00000000000000FF & (V)) >> 000, (P) + 8)
 
 /*───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│─╗
 │ cosmopolitan § bits » some assembly required                             ─╬─│┼

libc/bits/newbie.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_BITS_NEWBIE_H_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_BITS_NEWBIE_H_
+#include "libc/bits/bswap.h"
+
+/*
+ * Macros for newbies.
+ * https://justine.lol/endian.html
+ */
+
+#define BYTE_ORDER    __BYTE_ORDER__
+#define LITTLE_ENDIAN __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#define BIG_ENDIAN    __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#define PDP_ENDIAN    __ORDER_PDP_ENDIAN__
+
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#define htobe16(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define be16toh(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define betoh16(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define htobe32(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define be32toh(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define betoh32(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define htobe64(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define be64toh(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define betoh64(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define htole16(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define le16toh(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define letoh16(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define htole32(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define le32toh(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define letoh32(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define htole64(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#define le64toh(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#define letoh64(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#else
+#define htobe16(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define be16toh(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define betoh16(x) (uint16_t)(x)
+#define htobe32(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define be32toh(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define betoh32(x) (uint32_t)(x)
+#define htobe64(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#define be64toh(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#define betoh64(x) (uint64_t)(x)
+#define htole16(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define le16toh(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define letoh16(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define htole32(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define le32toh(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define letoh32(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define htole64(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define le64toh(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define letoh64(x) bswap_64(x)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_BITS_NEWBIE_H_ */

libc/bits/popcnt.h

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 unsigned long popcnt(unsigned long) pureconst;
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
-#define popcnt(X)                                         \
-  (__builtin_constant_p(X) ? __builtin_popcountll(X) : ({ \
-    unsigned long Res, Pop = (X);                         \
-    if (X86_HAVE(POPCNT)) {                               \
-      asm("popcnt\t%1,%0" : "=r"(Res) : "r"(Pop) : "cc"); \
-    } else {                                              \
-      Res = (popcnt)(Pop);                                \
-    }                                                     \
-    Res;                                                  \
+#define popcnt(X)                                                \
+  (__builtin_constant_p(X) ? __builtin_popcountll(X) : ({        \
+    unsigned long PoP = (X);                                     \
+    if (X86_HAVE(POPCNT)) {                                      \
+      asm("popcnt\t%0,%0" : "+r"(PoP) : /* no inputs */ : "cc"); \
+    } else {                                                     \
+      PoP = (popcnt)(PoP);                                       \
+    }                                                            \
+    PoP;                                                         \
   }))
 #endif /* GNUC && !ANSI */
 

libc/calls/addrusage.c

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/math.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+
+void AddRusage(struct rusage *x, const struct rusage *y) {
+  AddTimeval(&x->ru_utime, &y->ru_utime);
+  AddTimeval(&x->ru_stime, &y->ru_stime);
+  x->ru_maxrss = MAX(x->ru_maxrss, y->ru_maxrss);
+  x->ru_ixrss += y->ru_ixrss;
+  x->ru_idrss += y->ru_idrss;
+  x->ru_isrss += y->ru_isrss;
+  x->ru_minflt += y->ru_minflt;
+  x->ru_majflt += y->ru_majflt;
+  x->ru_nswap += y->ru_nswap;
+  x->ru_inblock += y->ru_inblock;
+  x->ru_oublock += y->ru_oublock;
+  x->ru_msgsnd += y->ru_msgsnd;
+  x->ru_msgrcv += y->ru_msgrcv;
+  x->ru_nsignals += y->ru_nsignals;
+  x->ru_nvcsw += y->ru_nvcsw;
+  x->ru_nivcsw += y->ru_nivcsw;
+}

libc/calls/addtimeval.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/math.h"
+
+void AddTimeval(struct timeval *x, const struct timeval *y) {
+  x->tv_sec += y->tv_sec;
+  x->tv_usec += y->tv_usec;
+  if (x->tv_usec >= 1000000) {
+    x->tv_usec -= 1000000;
+    x->tv_sec += 1;
+  }
+}

libc/calls/calls.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "libc/calls/struct/rlimit.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/rusage.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/sigaction.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/sigval.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/sysinfo.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/timespec.h"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@
 #define SIG_DFL ((void *)0)
 #define SIG_IGN ((void *)1)
 
-#define MAP_FAILED ((void *)__SIZE_MAX__)
+#define MAP_FAILED ((void *)-1)
 
 #define ARCH_SET_GS 0x1001
 #define ARCH_SET_FS 0x1002
@@ -64,9 +65,6 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
 
 typedef int sig_atomic_t;
 
-extern const struct sigset kSigsetFull;
-extern const struct sigset kSigsetEmpty;
-
 DIR *fdopendir(int) nodiscard;
 DIR *opendir(const char *) nodiscard;
 bool fileexists(const char *);
@@ -86,6 +84,7 @@ int arch_prctl();
 int chdir(const char *);
 int chmod(const char *, uint32_t);
 int chown(const char *, uint32_t, uint32_t);
+int chroot(const char *);
 int close(int);
 int closedir(DIR *);
 int creat(const char *, uint32_t) nodiscard;
@@ -102,6 +101,7 @@ int execvp(const char *, char *const[]) paramsnonnull();
 int execvpe(const char *, char *const[], char *const[]) paramsnonnull();
 int faccessat(int, const char *, int, uint32_t);
 int fadvise(int, uint64_t, uint64_t, int);
+int fchdir(int);
 int fchmod(int, uint32_t) nothrow;
 int fchmodat(int, const char *, uint32_t, uint32_t);
 int fchown(int, uint32_t, uint32_t);
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ int fsync(int);
 int ftruncate(int, int64_t);
 int getdomainname(char *, size_t);
 int gethostname(char *, size_t);
+int getpgid(int);
+int getpid(void);
 int getppid(void);
 int getpriority(int, unsigned);
 int getrlimit(int, struct rlimit *);
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ int madvise(void *, uint64_t, int);
 int mkdir(const char *, uint32_t);
 int mkdirat(int, const char *, uint32_t);
 int mkfifo(const char *, uint32_t);
+int mkfifoat(int, const char *, uint32_t);
 int mknod(const char *, uint32_t, uint64_t);
 int mknodat(int, const char *, int32_t, uint64_t);
 int mlock(const void *, size_t);
@@ -138,8 +141,8 @@ int mlockall(int);
 int munlock(const void *, size_t);
 int munlockall(void);
 int nice(int);
-int open(const char *, int, ...) nodiscard;
-int openanon(char *, unsigned) nodiscard;
+int open(const char *, int, ...);
+int openanon(char *, unsigned);
 int openat(int, const char *, int, ...);
 int pause(void);
 int personality(uint64_t);
@@ -147,8 +150,10 @@ int pipe(int[hasatleast 2]);
 int pipe2(int[hasatleast 2], int);
 int posix_fadvise(int, uint64_t, uint64_t, int);
 int posix_madvise(void *, uint64_t, int);
+int prctl();
 int raise(int);
 int readlink(const char *, char *, size_t);
+int reboot(int);
 int remove(const char *);
 int rename(const char *, const char *);
 int renameat(int, const char *, int, const char *);
@@ -172,12 +177,14 @@ int setuid(uint32_t);
 int sigaction(int, const struct sigaction *, struct sigaction *);
 int sigignore(int);
 int sigprocmask(int, const struct sigset *, struct sigset *);
+int sigqueue(int, int, const union sigval);
 int sigsuspend(const struct sigset *);
 int stat(const char *, struct stat *);
 int symlink(const char *, const char *);
 int symlinkat(const char *, int, const char *);
 int sync_file_range(int, int64_t, int64_t, unsigned);
-int sysinfo(struct sysinfo *) paramsnonnull();
+int sysctl(const int *, unsigned, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
+int sysinfo(struct sysinfo *);
 int touch(const char *, uint32_t);
 int truncate(const char *, uint64_t);
 int ttyname_r(int, char *, size_t);
@@ -190,21 +197,20 @@ int wait(int *);
 int wait3(int *, int, struct rusage *);
 int wait4(int, int *, int, struct rusage *);
 int waitpid(int, int *, int);
-ssize_t lseek(int, int64_t, unsigned);
-ssize_t pread(int, void *, size_t, int64_t);
-ssize_t preadv(int, struct iovec *, int, int64_t);
-ssize_t pwrite(int, const void *, size_t, int64_t);
-ssize_t pwritev(int, const struct iovec *, int, int64_t);
 intptr_t syscall(int, ...);
-void sync(void);
+long ptrace(int, int, void *, void *);
 long telldir(DIR *);
-int getpid(void);
 long times(struct tms *);
 sighandler_t signal(int, sighandler_t);
 size_t GetFileSize(const char *);
 size_t getfiledescriptorsize(int);
 ssize_t copy_file_range(int, long *, int, long *, size_t, uint32_t);
 ssize_t copyfd(int, int64_t *, int, int64_t *, size_t, uint32_t);
+ssize_t lseek(int, int64_t, unsigned);
+ssize_t pread(int, void *, size_t, int64_t);
+ssize_t preadv(int, struct iovec *, int, int64_t);
+ssize_t pwrite(int, const void *, size_t, int64_t);
+ssize_t pwritev(int, const struct iovec *, int, int64_t);
 ssize_t read(int, void *, size_t);
 ssize_t readansi(int, char *, size_t);
 ssize_t readlinkat(int, const char *, char *, size_t);
@@ -220,11 +226,8 @@ uint32_t getsid(int) nosideeffect;
 uint32_t gettid(void) nosideeffect;
 uint32_t getuid(void) nosideeffect;
 uint32_t umask(int32_t);
-long ptrace(int, int, void *, void *);
-int chroot(const char *);
-int prctl();
-int sysctl(const int *, unsigned, void *, size_t *, void *, size_t);
-int fchdir(int);
+void rewinddir(DIR *);
+void sync(void);
 
 /*───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│─╗
 │ cosmopolitan § system calls » formatting                                 ─╬─│┼

libc/calls/calls.mk

@@ -41,8 +41,11 @@ LIBC_CALLS_A_DIRECTDEPS =				\
 	LIBC_INTRIN					\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E					\
 	LIBC_NT_ADVAPI32				\
+	LIBC_NT_IPHLPAPI				\
 	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32				\
 	LIBC_NT_NTDLL					\
+	LIBC_NT_POWERPROF				\
+	LIBC_NT_WS2_32					\
 	LIBC_STR					\
 	LIBC_STUBS					\
 	LIBC_SYSV_CALLS					\
@@ -64,10 +67,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/raise.o:				\
 		OVERRIDE_COPTS +=			\
 			$(NO_MAGIC)
 
-o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/siggy.o:				\
-		OVERRIDE_COPTS +=			\
-			-ffunction-sections
-
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/sigenter-freebsd.o			\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/sigenter-netbsd.o			\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/sigenter-openbsd.o			\
@@ -85,6 +84,12 @@ o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/mkntenvblock.o:			\
 		OVERRIDE_CPPFLAGS +=			\
 			-DSTACK_FRAME_UNLIMITED
 
+o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/ioctl-siocgifconf.o		\
+o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/ioctl-siocgifconf-nt.o:		\
+		OVERRIDE_COPTS +=			\
+			-ffunction-sections		\
+			-fdata-sections
+
 LIBC_CALLS_LIBS = $(foreach x,$(LIBC_CALLS_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)))
 LIBC_CALLS_SRCS = $(foreach x,$(LIBC_CALLS_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_SRCS))
 LIBC_CALLS_HDRS = $(foreach x,$(LIBC_CALLS_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_HDRS))

libc/calls/cfgetispeed.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+
+uint32_t cfgetispeed(const struct termios *t) {
+  if (CBAUD) {
+    return t->c_cflag & CBAUD;
+  } else {
+    return t->c_ispeed;
+  }
+}

libc/calls/cfgetospeed.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+
+uint32_t cfgetospeed(const struct termios *t) {
+  if (CBAUD) {
+    return t->c_cflag & CBAUD;
+  } else {
+    return t->c_ospeed;
+  }
+}

libc/calls/cfmakeraw.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+
+void cfmakeraw(struct termios *t) {
+  t->c_iflag &=
+      ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON);
+  t->c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
+  t->c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | ISIG | IEXTEN);
+  t->c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE | PARENB);
+  t->c_cflag |= CS8;
+  t->c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+  t->c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+}

libc/calls/cfsetispeed.c

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
+
+int cfsetispeed(struct termios *t, int speed) {
+  if (speed) {
+    if (CBAUD) {
+      if (speed & ~CBAUD) return einval();
+      t->c_cflag &= ~CBAUD;
+      t->c_cflag |= speed;
+    } else {
+      t->c_ispeed = speed;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

libc/calls/cfsetospeed.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
+
+int cfsetospeed(struct termios *t, int speed) {
+  if (CBAUD) {
+    if (!(speed & ~CBAUD)) {
+      t->c_cflag &= ~CBAUD;
+      t->c_cflag |= speed;
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      return einval();
+    }
+  } else {
+    t->c_ospeed = speed;
+    return 0;
+  }
+}

libc/calls/chmod.c

@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/internal.h"
-#include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/at.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
 
 /**
  * Changes permissions on file, e.g.:

libc/calls/chown.c

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/internal.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/at.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
 
 /**
  * Changes owner and/or group of pathname.

libc/calls/clock_gettime.c

@@ -30,14 +30,10 @@
  * time. Among the more popular is CLOCK_MONOTONIC. This function has a
  * zero syscall implementation of that on modern x86.
  *
- * @param clockid can be CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, etc. noting
- *     that on Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC is redefined to use the monotonic
- *     clock that's actually monotonic lool
+ * @param clockid can be CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, etc.
  * @param ts is where the result is stored
  * @return 0 on success, or -1 w/ errno
- * @error ENOSYS if clockid isn't available; in which case this function
- *     guarantees an ordinary timestamp is still stored to ts; and
- *     errno isn't restored to its original value, to detect prec. loss
+ * @error EINVAL if clockid isn't supported on this system
  * @see strftime(), gettimeofday()
  * @asyncsignalsafe
  */
@@ -46,6 +42,7 @@ int clock_gettime(int clockid, struct timespec *ts) {
   axdx_t ad;
   struct NtFileTime ft;
   if (!ts) return efault();
+  if (clockid == -1) return einval();
   if (!IsWindows()) {
     if ((rc = sys_clock_gettime(clockid, ts)) == -1 && errno == ENOSYS) {
       ad = sys_gettimeofday((struct timeval *)ts, NULL, NULL);

libc/calls/commandv.c

@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ static bool AccessCommand(char path[hasatleast PATH_MAX], const char *name,
                           size_t namelen, size_t pathlen) {
   if (pathlen + 1 + namelen + 1 + 4 + 1 > PATH_MAX) return -1;
   if (pathlen && (path[pathlen - 1] != '/' && path[pathlen - 1] != '\\')) {
-    path[pathlen] =
-        !IsWindows() ? '/' : memchr(path, '\\', pathlen) ? '\\' : '/';
+    path[pathlen] = !IsWindows()                  ? '/'
+                    : memchr(path, '\\', pathlen) ? '\\'
+                                                  : '/';
     pathlen++;
   }
   memcpy(path + pathlen, name, namelen + 1);
@@ -93,7 +94,9 @@ char *commandv(const char *name, char pathbuf[hasatleast PATH_MAX]) {
        (AccessCommand(pathbuf, name, namelen,
                       stpcpy(pathbuf, kNtSystemDirectory) - pathbuf) ||
         AccessCommand(pathbuf, name, namelen,
-                      stpcpy(pathbuf, kNtWindowsDirectory) - pathbuf))) ||
+                      stpcpy(pathbuf, kNtWindowsDirectory) - pathbuf) ||
+        AccessCommand(pathbuf, name, namelen,
+                      stpcpy(pathbuf, ".") - pathbuf))) ||
       SearchPath(pathbuf, name, namelen)) {
     errno = olderr;
     return pathbuf;

libc/calls/createpipename.c

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/alg/reverse.internal.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/nt/process.h"
+
+static const char kPipeNamePrefix[] = "\\\\?\\pipe\\cosmo\\";
+
+static textwindows size_t UintToChar16Array(char16_t *a, uint64_t i) {
+  size_t j = 0;
+  do {
+    a[j++] = i % 10 + '0';
+    i /= 10;
+  } while (i > 0);
+  a[j] = 0;
+  reverse(a, j);
+  return j;
+}
+
+textwindows char16_t *CreatePipeName(char16_t *a) {
+  static long x;
+  unsigned i;
+  for (i = 0; kPipeNamePrefix[i]; ++i) a[i] = kPipeNamePrefix[i];
+  i += UintToChar16Array(a + i, GetCurrentProcessId());
+  a[i++] = u'-';
+  i += UintToChar16Array(a + i, GetCurrentProcessId());
+  a[i++] = u'-';
+  i += UintToChar16Array(a + i, x++);
+  a[i] = u'\0';
+  return a;
+}

libc/calls/fcntl-nt.c

@@ -16,47 +16,152 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/internal.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/flock.h"
+#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 #include "libc/nt/enum/accessmask.h"
 #include "libc/nt/enum/fileflagandattributes.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/filelockflags.h"
 #include "libc/nt/enum/filesharemode.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/formatmessageflags.h"
+#include "libc/nt/errors.h"
 #include "libc/nt/files.h"
+#include "libc/nt/process.h"
+#include "libc/nt/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/nt/struct/byhandlefileinformation.h"
+#include "libc/nt/struct/overlapped.h"
+#include "libc/nt/synchronization.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/f.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fd.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
 
-textwindows int sys_fcntl_nt(int fd, int cmd, unsigned arg) {
+static textwindows int sys_fcntl_nt_reservefd(int start) {
+  int fd;
+  for (;;) {
+    fd = start;
+    if (fd >= g_fds.n) {
+      if (__ensurefds(fd) == -1) return -1;
+    }
+    cmpxchg(&g_fds.f, fd, fd + 1);
+    if (cmpxchg(&g_fds.p[fd].kind, kFdEmpty, kFdReserved)) {
+      return fd;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static textwindows int sys_fcntl_nt_dupfd(int oldfd, int cmd, int start) {
+  int newfd;
+  int64_t proc;
+  if ((newfd = sys_fcntl_nt_reservefd(start)) != -1) {
+    proc = GetCurrentProcess();
+    if (DuplicateHandle(proc, g_fds.p[oldfd].handle, proc,
+                        &g_fds.p[newfd].handle, 0, true,
+                        kNtDuplicateSameAccess)) {
+      g_fds.p[newfd].kind = g_fds.p[oldfd].kind;
+      g_fds.p[newfd].flags = cmd == F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC ? O_CLOEXEC : 0;
+      return newfd;
+    } else {
+      __releasefd(newfd);
+      return __winerr();
+    }
+  } else {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+static textwindows int sys_fcntl_nt_lock(struct Fd *f, int cmd, uintptr_t arg) {
+  struct flock *l;
+  uint32_t flags, err;
+  struct NtOverlapped ov;
+  int64_t pos, off, len, size;
+  struct NtByHandleFileInformation info;
+  if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(f->handle, &info)) return __winerr();
+  if (!SetFilePointerEx(f->handle, 0, &pos, SEEK_CUR)) return __winerr();
+  l = (struct flock *)arg;
+  len = l->l_len;
+  off = l->l_start;
+  size = (uint64_t)info.nFileSizeHigh << 32 | info.nFileSizeLow;
+  switch (l->l_whence) {
+    case SEEK_SET:
+      break;
+    case SEEK_CUR:
+      off = pos + off;
+      break;
+    case SEEK_END:
+      off = size - off;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return einval();
+  }
+  if (!len) len = size - off;
+  if (off < 0 || len < 0) return einval();
+  offset2overlap(off, &ov);
+  if (l->l_type == F_RDLCK || l->l_type == F_WRLCK) {
+    flags = 0;
+    if (cmd == F_SETLK) flags |= kNtLockfileFailImmediately;
+    /* TODO: How can we make SQLite locks on Windows to work? */
+    /* if (l->l_type == F_WRLCK) flags |= kNtLockfileExclusiveLock; */
+    if (LockFileEx(f->handle, flags, 0, len, len >> 32, &ov)) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      err = GetLastError();
+      if (err == kNtErrorLockViolation) err = EAGAIN;
+      errno = err;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  } else if (l->l_type == F_UNLCK) {
+    if (UnlockFileEx(f->handle, 0, len, len >> 32, &ov)) {
+      return 0;
+    } else {
+      err = GetLastError();
+      if (err == kNtErrorNotLocked) {
+        return 0;
+      } else {
+        errno = err;
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    return einval();
+  }
+}
+
+textwindows int sys_fcntl_nt(int fd, int cmd, uintptr_t arg) {
   uint32_t flags;
   if (__isfdkind(fd, kFdFile) || __isfdkind(fd, kFdSocket)) {
-    switch (cmd) {
-      case F_GETFL:
-        return g_fds.p[fd].flags & (O_ACCMODE | O_APPEND | O_ASYNC | O_DIRECT |
-                                    O_NOATIME | O_NONBLOCK);
-      case F_SETFL:
-        /*
-         * - O_APPEND doesn't appear to be tunable at cursory glance
-         * - O_NONBLOCK might require we start doing all i/o in threads
-         * - O_DSYNC / O_RSYNC / O_SYNC maybe if we fsync() everything
-         */
-        return einval();
-      case F_GETFD:
-        if (g_fds.p[fd].flags & O_CLOEXEC) {
-          return FD_CLOEXEC;
-        } else {
-          return 0;
-        }
-      case F_SETFD:
-        if (arg & FD_CLOEXEC) {
-          g_fds.p[fd].flags |= O_CLOEXEC;
-          return FD_CLOEXEC;
-        } else {
-          g_fds.p[fd].flags &= ~O_CLOEXEC;
-          return 0;
-        }
-      default:
-        return einval();
+    if (cmd == F_GETFL) {
+      return g_fds.p[fd].flags & (O_ACCMODE | O_APPEND | O_ASYNC | O_DIRECT |
+                                  O_NOATIME | O_NONBLOCK);
+    } else if (cmd == F_SETFL) {
+      /*
+       * - O_APPEND doesn't appear to be tunable at cursory glance
+       * - O_NONBLOCK might require we start doing all i/o in threads
+       * - O_DSYNC / O_RSYNC / O_SYNC maybe if we fsync() everything
+       */
+      return einval();
+    } else if (cmd == F_GETFD) {
+      if (g_fds.p[fd].flags & O_CLOEXEC) {
+        return FD_CLOEXEC;
+      } else {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    } else if (cmd == F_SETFD) {
+      if (arg & FD_CLOEXEC) {
+        g_fds.p[fd].flags |= O_CLOEXEC;
+        return FD_CLOEXEC;
+      } else {
+        g_fds.p[fd].flags &= ~O_CLOEXEC;
+        return 0;
+      }
+    } else if (cmd == F_SETLK || cmd == F_SETLKW) {
+      return sys_fcntl_nt_lock(g_fds.p + fd, cmd, arg);
+    } else if (cmd == F_DUPFD || cmd == F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC) {
+      return sys_fcntl_nt_dupfd(fd, cmd, arg);
+    } else {
+      return einval();
     }
   } else {
     return ebadf();

libc/calls/fcntl-sysv.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2021 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/calls/internal.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/flock.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/f.h"
+
+int sys_fcntl(int fd, int cmd, uintptr_t arg) {
+  int rc;
+  bool islock;
+  islock = cmd == F_SETLK || cmd == F_SETLKW || cmd == F_GETLK;
+  if (islock) cosmo2flock(arg);
+  rc = __sys_fcntl(fd, cmd, arg);
+  if (islock) flock2cosmo(arg);
+  return rc;
+}

libc/calls/fcntl.c

@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@
  *
  *     CHECK_NE(-1, fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC));
  *
+ * This function implements POSIX Advisory Locks, e.g.
+ *
+ *     CHECK_NE(-1, fcntl(zfd, F_SETLKW, &(struct flock){F_WRLCK}));
+ *     // ...
+ *     CHECK_NE(-1, fcntl(zfd, F_SETLK, &(struct flock){F_UNLCK}));
+ *
+ * Please be warned that locks currently do nothing on Windows since
+ * figuring out how to polyfill them correctly is a work in progress.
+ *
  * @param cmd can be F_{GET,SET}{FD,FL}, etc.
  * @param arg can be FD_CLOEXEC, etc. depending
  * @return 0 on success, or -1 w/ errno
@@ -32,9 +41,9 @@
  */
 int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...) {
   va_list va;
-  unsigned arg;
+  uintptr_t arg;
   va_start(va, cmd);
-  arg = va_arg(va, unsigned);
+  arg = va_arg(va, uintptr_t);
   va_end(va);
   if (!IsWindows()) {
     return sys_fcntl(fd, cmd, arg);