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182 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
182 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# Sensor组件<a name="ZH-CN_TOPIC_0000001148682248"></a>
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- [简介](#section11660541593)
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- [目录](#section44981327519)
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- [约束](#section98068674513)
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- [使用](#section1581412211528)
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- [接口说明](#section15684191115524)
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- [使用说明](#section1543714111810)
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- [相关仓](#section96071132185310)
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## 简介<a name="section11660541593"></a>
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传感器是指用于侦测环境中所发生事件或变化，并将此消息发送至其他电子设备（如中央处理器）的设备，通常由敏感组件和转换组件组成。传感器是实现物联网智能化的重要基石，为实现全场景智慧化战略，支撑“1+8+N”产品需求，需要构筑统一的传感器管理框架，达到为各产品/业务提供低时延、低功耗的感知数据的目的。根据用途可分为以下六大类：
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- 运动类：加速度、陀螺仪、重力、线性加速度传感器等
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- 姿态类：旋转矢量、方向传感器等
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- 环境类：磁力计、气压、湿度传感器等
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- 光线类：环境光、接近光、色温传感器等
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- 健康类：心率、心跳传感器等
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- 其它：霍尔传感器、手握传感器等
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传感器架构图如下所示：
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**图 1** Sensor架构图<a name="fig18632347122018"></a>
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## 目录<a name="section44981327519"></a>
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sensor导入模块的示例代码如下：
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```
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/base/sensors/sensor
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├── frameworks # 框架代码
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│ └── native # sensor客户端代码
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├── interfaces # 对外接口存放目录
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│ ├── native # sensor native实现
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│ └── plugin # Js API
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├── sa_profile # 服务名称和服务的动态库的配置文件
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├── services # 服务的代码目录
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│ └── sensor # 传感器服务，包括加速度、陀螺仪等，上报传感器数据
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└── utils # 公共代码，包括权限、通信等能力
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```
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## 约束<a name="section98068674513"></a>
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- 要使用传感器的功能，设备必须具有对应的传感器器件。
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- 针对某些传感器，开发者需要请求相应的权限，才能获取到相应传感器的数据。
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**表 1** 传感器权限列表
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<a name="table1379101653916"></a>
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<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row137911161397"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.46765323467653%" id="mcps1.2.5.1.1"><p id="p15138132134118"><a name="p15138132134118"></a><a name="p15138132134118"></a>传感器</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61723827617238%" id="mcps1.2.5.1.2"><p id="p2798169398"><a name="p2798169398"></a><a name="p2798169398"></a>权限名</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.358664133586636%" id="mcps1.2.5.1.3"><p id="p14791716163914"><a name="p14791716163914"></a><a name="p14791716163914"></a>敏感级别</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.55644435556444%" id="mcps1.2.5.1.4"><p id="p379171633919"><a name="p379171633919"></a><a name="p379171633919"></a>权限描述</p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr id="row12791216173912"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.46765323467653%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="p41385264116"><a name="p41385264116"></a><a name="p41385264116"></a>加速度传感器、加速度未校准传感器、线性加速度传感器</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61723827617238%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="p177941653914"><a name="p177941653914"></a><a name="p177941653914"></a>ohos.permission.ACCELEROMETER</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.358664133586636%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="p207991683914"><a name="p207991683914"></a><a name="p207991683914"></a>system_grant</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.55644435556444%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="p118061614399"><a name="p118061614399"></a><a name="p118061614399"></a>允许订阅加速度传感器的数据。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row480116123911"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.46765323467653%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="p1213992174111"><a name="p1213992174111"></a><a name="p1213992174111"></a>陀螺仪传感器、陀螺仪未校准传感器</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61723827617238%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="p13807165395"><a name="p13807165395"></a><a name="p13807165395"></a>ohos.permission.GYROSCOPE</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.358664133586636%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="p188031617391"><a name="p188031617391"></a><a name="p188031617391"></a>system_grant</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.55644435556444%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="p4804168392"><a name="p4804168392"></a><a name="p4804168392"></a>允许订阅陀螺仪传感器的数据。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row68051693916"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.46765323467653%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="p191397210413"><a name="p191397210413"></a><a name="p191397210413"></a>计步器</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61723827617238%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="p9802016183911"><a name="p9802016183911"></a><a name="p9802016183911"></a>ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.358664133586636%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="p11801216143916"><a name="p11801216143916"></a><a name="p11801216143916"></a>user_grant</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.55644435556444%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="p48010163399"><a name="p48010163399"></a><a name="p48010163399"></a>允许订阅运动状态。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row20323104234015"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="23.46765323467653%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.1 "><p id="p3139172144118"><a name="p3139172144118"></a><a name="p3139172144118"></a>心率传感器</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="27.61723827617238%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.2 "><p id="p7323942174013"><a name="p7323942174013"></a><a name="p7323942174013"></a>ohos.permission.READ_HEALTH_DATA</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="13.358664133586636%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.3 "><p id="p1232314214407"><a name="p1232314214407"></a><a name="p1232314214407"></a>user_grant</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="35.55644435556444%" headers="mcps1.2.5.1.4 "><p id="p12323144254018"><a name="p12323144254018"></a><a name="p12323144254018"></a>允许读取健康数据。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## 使用<a name="section1581412211528"></a>
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本节以传感器 JS API为例，说明其提供的具体功能以及使用流程。
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### 接口说明<a name="section15684191115524"></a>
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传感器 JS API：监听传感器数据变化，如果多次调用该接口，则最后一次调用生效。JS API开放的能力如下：
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**表 2** JS API的主要接口
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<a name="table13821942165419"></a>
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<table><thead align="left"><tr id="row6821194225417"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.11%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.1"><p id="p3822542145420"><a name="p3822542145420"></a><a name="p3822542145420"></a>接口名</p>
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</th>
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<th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.89%" id="mcps1.2.3.1.2"><p id="p0822942175411"><a name="p0822942175411"></a><a name="p0822942175411"></a>描述</p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr id="row1782284211544"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.11%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p18666622171316"><a name="p18666622171316"></a><a name="p18666622171316"></a>on(type: SensorType, callback: Callback<Response>, options?: Options)</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.89%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p1476355071517"><a name="p1476355071517"></a><a name="p1476355071517"></a>监听传感器数据变化。SensorType为支持订阅的传感器类型，callback表示订阅传感器的回调函数，options为设置传感器数据上报的时间间隔。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row1489993155613"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.11%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p1490010315564"><a name="p1490010315564"></a><a name="p1490010315564"></a>once(type: SensorType, callback: Callback<Response>)</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.89%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p5900163115564"><a name="p5900163115564"></a><a name="p5900163115564"></a>监听传感器数据变化一次。SensorType为支持订阅的传感器类型，callback表示订阅传感器的回调函数。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="row1909165317562"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="40.11%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.1 "><p id="p16909135319564"><a name="p16909135319564"></a><a name="p16909135319564"></a>off(type: SensorType, callback: Callback<Response>)</p>
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</td>
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<td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="59.89%" headers="mcps1.2.3.1.2 "><p id="p3909165315613"><a name="p3909165315613"></a><a name="p3909165315613"></a>取消订阅传感器数据。SensorType为支持的取消订阅的传感器类型，callback表示取消订阅传感器是否成功。</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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### 使用说明<a name="section1543714111810"></a>
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1. 导包。
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2. 注册并监听加速度传感器数据的变化。
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3. 取消订阅加速度传感器数据的变化。
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4. 注册并监听加速度传感器数据的变化一次。
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示例代码：
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```
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//步骤1 导包
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import sensor from '@ohos.sensor';
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export default {
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onCreate() {
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//步骤2 监听传感器数据变化，并注册传感器类型
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sensor.on(sensor.SensorType.SENSOR_TYPE_ID_ACCELEROMETER, (data) => {
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console.info("Acceleration data obtained. x: " + data.x + "; y: " + data.y + "; z: " + data.z);
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}, {'interval':200000000});
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//步骤3 设置10秒后取消订阅传感器数据
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sensor.off(sensor.SensorType.SENSOR_TYPE_ID_LINEAR_ACCELERATION);
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//步骤4 监听传感器数据变化一次，并注册传感器类型
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sensor.once(sensor.SensorType.SENSOR_TYPE_ID_ACCELEROMETER, (data) => {
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console.info("Acceleration data obtained. x: " + data.x + "; y: " + data.y + "; z: " + data.z);
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});
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}
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onDestroy() {
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console.info('AceApplication onDestroy');
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}
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}
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```
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## 相关仓<a name="section96071132185310"></a>
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泛Sensor服务子系统
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**sensors\_sensor**
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[sensors\_miscdevice](https://gitee.com/openharmony/sensors_miscdevice)
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