14731d6366
KVX is VLIW architecture, kind of like a DSP, it can execute more than one "instruction" per cycle. Each cycle a bundle of instruction is executed which is comprised of up to 6 instructions. The general rules for bundle are: only one BCU instruction (which comes first); only one LSU instruction; and up to 4 ALU instructions (depending on the type). In assembly the end of a bundle is marked by a `;;` in an empty line, here in r2 (to make things more compact and readable) the end of bundle is appended after the last instruction, but beware that this is not valid kvx assembly. |
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Radare2: Unix-Like Reverse Engineering Framework
See the Releases page for
binary downloads. The current git master branch is 5.6.5, and the next
release will be 5.6.6.
r2 is a complete rewrite of radare. It provides a set of libraries, tools and plugins to ease reverse engineering tasks.
The radare project started as a simple command-line hexadecimal editor focused on forensics. Today, r2 is a featureful low-level command-line tool with support for scripting. r2 can edit files on local hard drives, view kernel memory, and debug programs locally or via a remote gdb server. r2's wide architecture support allows you to analyze, emulate, debug, modify, and disassemble any binary.
Installation
r2 can be installed via git or pip.
git clone https://github.com/radareorg/radare2
radare2/sys/install.sh
pip install r2env
r2env init
r2env add radare2@git
Usage
These are the first steps to use r2, read the book or find tutorials for more details
$ r2 /bin/ls # open the binary in read-only mode
> aaa # same as r2 -A, analyse the binary
> afl # list all functions (try aflt, aflm)
> px 32 # print 32 byte hexdump current block
> s sym.main # seek to the given offset (by flag name, number, ..)
> f~foo # filter flags with ~grep (same as |grep)
> iS;is # list sections and symbols (same as rabin2 -Ss)
> pdf; agf # print function and show control-flow-graph in ascii-art
> oo+;w hello # reopen in rw mode and write a string in the current offset
> ?*~... # interactive filter all command help messages
> q # quit
Resources
- Official radare2 book: Read about r2 usage.
- COMMUNITY.md: Community engagement and loose guidelines.
- CONTRIBUTING.md: Information about reporting issues and contributing. See also the Contributing section below.
- DEVELOPERS.md: Development guidelines for r2.
- SECURITY.md: Instructions for reporting vulnerabilities.
- USAGE.md: Some example commands.
- INSTALL.md: Full instructions for different installation methods.
Plugins
Many plugins are included with r2 by default. You can find more plugins using the r2pm package manager.
r2pm -ci <pkg> # install a package
Some of the most installed packages are:
- esilsolve: The symbolic execution plugin, based on esil and z3.
- iaito: The official Qt graphical interface.
- radius: A fast symbolic execution engine based on boolector and r2.
- r2dec: A decompiler based on r2 written in JS, accessed with the
pddcommand. - r2ghidra: The native ghidra decompiler plugin, accessed with the
pdgcommand. - r2frida: The frida io plugin. Start r2 with
r2 frida://0to use it.
Contributing
There are many ways to contribute to the project. Contact the community, check out the github issues, or grep for TODO/FIXME/XXX comments in the source.
To contribute code, push your changes to a branch on your fork of the
repository. Please ensure that you follow the coding and style guidelines and
that your changes pass the testing suite, which you can run with the r2r
tool. If you are adding significant code, it may be necessary to modify or add
additional tests in the test/ directory.
For more details, see CONTRIBUTING.md and DEVELOPERS.md.
Documentation
To learn more about r2 we encourage you to watch youtube talks from r2con. In addition to reading blogposts, slides or the official radare2 book, here are some methods to contact us:
Community
- irc.libera.chat:
#radare,#radare_side - Matrix:
#radare:matrix.org - Telegram: Main Channel and Side Channel
- Discord server
- Twitter: @radareorg
- Website: https://www.radare.org/
Supported Platforms
Operating Systems
Windows (since XP), Linux, Darwin, GNU/Hurd, Apple's {Mac,i,iPad,watch}OS, Android [Dragonfly, Net, Free, Open] BSD, Z/OS, QNX, SerenityOS, Solaris, Haiku, Vinix, FirefoxOS.
Architectures
i386, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, RISC-V, SH, m68k, m680x, AVR, XAP, S390, XCore, CR16, HPPA, ARC, Blackfin, Z80, H8/300, V810, V850, CRIS, XAP, PIC, LM32, 8051, 6502, i4004, i8080, Propeller, Tricore, CHIP-8, LH5801, T8200, GameBoy, SNES, SPC700, MSP430, Xtensa, NIOS II, Java, Dalvik, WebAssembly, MSIL, EBC, TMS320 (c54x, c55x, c55+, c66), Hexagon, Brainfuck, Malbolge, whitespace, DCPU16, LANAI, MCORE, mcs96, RSP, SuperH-4, VAX, AMD Am29000, LOONGARCH.
File Formats
ELF, Mach-O, Fatmach-O, PE, PE+, MZ, COFF, OMF, TE, XBE, BIOS/UEFI, Dyldcache, DEX, ART, CGC, Java class, Android boot image, Plan9 executable, ZIMG, MBN/SBL bootloader, ELF coredump, MDMP (Windows minidump), WASM (WebAssembly binary), Commodore VICE emulator, QNX, WAD, OFF, TIC-80 Game Boy (Advance), Nintendo DS ROMs and Nintendo 3DS FIRMs, various filesystems.
