Add APE support for 32-bit programs

This is an experimental proof of concept demo: make -j8 o//examples/i386.i386.com o//examples/i386.i386.com --32 echo $? # <-- prints main32's argc parameter Please note there's no libc support at the moment. This change is just for fun and shouldn't be interpreted as intent to support. Having this project on the whole support i386 would be tough because the calling conventions are so different. There really isn't much in the way of low hanging fruit opportunities to do something like NOP out REX prefixes and call it a day. It'd likely need disjoint builds or possibly better yet really cleverly crafted code generation in //third_party/chibicc! Another challenge is is that Linux changed its SYSCALL ordinals when it migrated from i386 to x86_64. Linux used to use the same magic numbers as everyone else for functions like exit/write/read/etc. BSDs on the other hand didn't pointlessly renumber things. So we'd need to find a way to define the ordinals in libc/sysv/syscalls.sh twice for Linux. The same goes for other ISAs too. Especially MIPS. For the Linux Kernel alone, syscall magic numbers and data structure layouts are totally different, and that's likely the case for other ISAs on other operating systems too. Probably because ISA code historically got contributed to open source by the companies that made the chips. Ulrich Drepper wrote an amusing essay on the subject some years back.
2026-11-08 17:19:47 -10:00 · 2021-02-20 15:58:48 -08:00
3577 changed files with 138259 additions and 464523 deletions
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-virt: lxd
-os: linux
-language: c
-script: make -j4 V=0
-notifications:
-  email: false
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 {
 	"configurations": [
 		{
-			"name": "Win32",
+			"name": "Linux",
 			"includePath": [
 				"${workspaceFolder}"
 			],
 			"cStandard": "c11",
 			"cppStandard": "c++11",
+			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
 			"forcedInclude": ["${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/vscode.h"],
 			"defines": [
 				"libcesque=",
@@ -62,50 +63,6 @@
 				"attributeallocalign(x)=",
 				"nullterminated(x)="
 			]
-		},
-		{
-			"name": "Linux",
-			"includePath": [
-				"${workspaceFolder}"
-			],
-			"cStandard": "gnu17",
-			"compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc",
-			"compilerArgs": [
-				"-Wall",
-				"-Werror",
-				"-fdebug-prefix-map=${workspaceFolder}=",
-				"-frecord-gcc-switches",
-				"-Wa,-W",
-				"-Wa,-I.",
-				"-Wa,--noexecstack",
-				"-Wa,--nocompress-debug-sections",
-				"-Og",
-				"-g",
-				"-gdescribe-dies",
-				"-msse3",
-				"-mno-red-zone",
-				"-fno-math-errno",
-				"-fno-trapping-math",
-				"-fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact",
-				"-fno-ident",
-				"-fno-common",
-				"-fno-gnu-unique",
-				"-fstrict-aliasing",
-				"-fstrict-overflow",
-				"-fno-semantic-interposition",
-				"-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer",
-				"-fno-jump-tables",
-				"-nostdinc",
-				"-iquote."
-			],
-			"forcedInclude": [
-				"libc/integral/normalize.inc"
-			],
-			"defines": [
-				"COSMO",
-				"MODE=",
-				"IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL=0x400000"
-			]
 		}
 	],
 	"version": 4
@@ -1,2 +1,160 @@
 #define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
 #include "libc/integral/normalize.inc"
+
+#if 0
+#define __VSCODE_INTELLISENSE__ 1
+#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__   1
+#define __CHAR_MAX__            0x7F
+#define __SCHAR_MAX__           __CHAR_MAX__
+#define __SHRT_MAX__            0x7FFF
+#define __INT_MAX__             0x7FFFFFFF
+#define __LONG_MAX__            0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__       __LONG_MAX__
+#define __CHAR_MIN__            -((__CHAR_MAX__) + 1)
+#define __SHRT_MIN__            -((__SHRT_MAX__) + 1)
+#define __INT_MIN__             -((__INT_MAX__) + 1)
+#define __LONG_MIN__            -((__LONG_MAX__) + 1)
+#define __LONG_LONG_MIN__       -((__LONG_LONG_MAX__) + 1)
+#define __UCHAR_MAX__           0xFF
+#define __USHRT_MAX__           0xFFFF
+#define __UINT_MAX__            0xFFFFFFFF
+#define __ULONG_MAX__           0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+#define __SIZE_MAX__            __ULONG_MAX__
+#define __SSIZE_MAX__           __LONG_MAX__
+#define __UINTPTR_MAX__         __SIZE_MAX__
+#define __INTPTR_MAX__          __SSIZE_MAX__
+#define __WCHAR_MAX__           __UINT_MAX__
+#define __PTRDIFF_MAX__         __UINTPTR_MAX__
+#define __INTMAX_MAX__          __ULONG_MAX__
+#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__      8
+#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__        2
+#define __SIZEOF_INT__          4
+#define __SIZEOF_LONG__         8
+#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__    8
+#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__    8
+#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__       8
+#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__      4
+#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__       4
+#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__        4
+#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT128__     16
+#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__       8
+#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT80__      10
+#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__  16
+#define __FLT_MAX__             1
+#define __DBL_MAX__             1
+
+#define __INT_LEAST8_TYPE__   signed char
+#define __INT_LEAST16_TYPE__  signed short
+#define __INT_LEAST32_TYPE__  signed int
+#define __INT_LEAST64_TYPE__  signed long long
+#define __UINT_LEAST8_TYPE__  unsigned char
+#define __UINT_LEAST16_TYPE__ unsigned short
+#define __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__ unsigned int
+#define __UINT_LEAST64_TYPE__ unsigned long long
+
+#define __UINT8_MAX__  __UCHAR_MAX__
+#define __UINT16_MAX__ __USHRT_MAX__
+#define __UINT32_MAX__ __UINT_MAX__
+#define __UINT64_MAX__ __ULONG_MAX__
+
+#define __INT8_MAX__  __CHAR_MAX__
+#define __INT16_MAX__ __SHRT_MAX__
+#define __INT32_MAX__ __INT_MAX__
+#define __INT64_MAX__ __LONG_MAX__
+
+#define ATEXIT_MAX 1
+#define STACKSIZE  0x10000
+#define ARG_MAX    255
+#define OPEN_MAX   0x7FFF
+#define CHAR_BIT   7
+#define NSIG       1
+#define NULL       (0)
+#define false 0
+#define true (!(false))
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_
+#define COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_
+#define PAGESIZE    0x1000
+#define BIGPAGESIZE 0x10000
+#define NAME_MAX    255
+
+#define SWITCHEROO(...) 0
+
+extern unsigned g_loglevel;
+
+typedef void * va_list;
+
+#define va_start(...) 0
+#define va_end(...)   0
+#define va_arg(x, y)  (y)(0)
+
+typedef signed char int8_t;
+typedef signed short int16_t;
+typedef signed int int32_t;
+#define int64_t       long long
+#define int128_t      int64_t
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
+typedef unsigned long long uint128_t;
+
+typedef int errno_t;
+typedef uint64_t size_t;
+typedef unsigned long long ssize_t;
+typedef uint64_t uintptr_t;
+typedef long long intptr_t;
+
+typedef unsigned long long uintmax_t;
+typedef long long intmax_t;
+
+typedef uint32_t bool32;
+
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+typedef uint8_t bool;
+typedef uint16_t char16_t;
+typedef uint32_t char32_t;
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+typedef char32_t wint_t;
+typedef char32_t wchar_t;
+typedef struct { int ax, dx; } axdx_t;
+
+/* duplicate and replace xmmintrin.internal.h to fix it for IntelliSense
+ * SEE: <> */
+
+#define _Vector_size(x) __attribute__((__vector_size__(x)))
+
+#define IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL 0x400000
+#define __SIGACTION(...)   (0)
+#define VEIL(x, y)         (y)
+#define STATIC_YOINK(x)
+#define BUFSIZ                1
+#define FRAMESIZE             0x10000
+#define PATH_MAX              252
+#define concat(x, y, z)       0
+#define CONCAT(a, b, c, d, e) 0
+#define shuffle(...)          0
+#define reverse(x, y)         0
+#define autotype(x)           intptr_t
+
+#define _Generic_(...) (void*)(0)
+#define _Generic(...) _Generic_
+#define _Alignas(...)
+#define _Section(...)
+
+#define offsetof(x, y)   0
+#define INITIALIZER(...) struct _dummy
+#define __far
+#define tinystrstr(...) 0
+#define BENCHLOOP(...)  0
+
+#ifdef __hook
+#undef __hook
+#endif /* __hook */
+
+#ifdef UriKeyval
+#undef UriKeyval
+#endif /* UriKeyval */
+
+#define _Static_assert(...) 0
+#endif /* 0 */
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing Guidelines
-
-We'd love to accept your patches! Please read this guide first.
-
-## Copyright Assignment
-
-Please send an email to Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> stating that
-you intend to assign her the copyright to the changes you contribute to
-Cosmopolitan. Please use the same email address you use for git commits
-which should only contain original source code from you or other people
-who are also assigning copyright. Please note that, if you're employed,
-you may need to get your employer's approval beforehand. If you can not
-assign copyright due to local laws, then you may alternatively consider
-disclaiming it using the language in [Unlicense](https://unlicense.org)
-or [CC-0](http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0)
-
-This is important because we can't produce 12kb single-file executables
-that comply with license requirements if we have to embed lots of them.
-Although that's less of an issue depending on the purpose of the files.
-For example, ownership is much less of a concern in the unit test files
-so you're encouraged to put your copyright on those, provided it's ISC.
-
-## Style Guide
-
-You can use clang-format to automatically format your files:
-
-```sh
-clang-format -i -style=file tool/net/redbean.c
-```
-
-If you use Emacs this can be automated on save for Cosmopolitan using
-[tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]([tool/emacs/cosmo-format.el]).
-
-### Source Files
-
- Must use include paths relative to the root of the repository
- Must have comment at top of file documenting copyright and license
- Must have notice embedding if not owned by Justine (exception: tests)
- May use language extensions that are supported by both GCC and Clang
- Should use Google indentation (otherwise use `/* clang-format off */`)
- Should use asm() instead of compiler APIs (exception: ctz, clz, memcpy)
-
-### Header Files
-
- Must not have copyright or license comments
- Must have once guards (otherwise change `.h` to `.inc`)
- Must be ANSI C89 compatible to be included in the amalgamation header
- Must include its dependencies (exception: libc/integral/normalize.inc)
- Must not define objects (i.e. `cc -c -xc foo.h` will produce empty `.o`)
- Should not use typedefs
- Should not use forward declarations
- Should not include documentation comments
- Should not include parameter names in prototypes
- Should not pose problems if included by C++ or Assembly sources
- Should not declare non-ANSI code, at all, when the user requests ANSI
-
-### Build Config
-
- Must not write files outside `o/`
- Must not communicate with Internet
- Must not depend on system libraries
- Must not depend on system commands (exception: sh, make, gzip, zip)
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
 #   o/dbg/examples/crashreport.com
 #   less examples/crashreport.c
 #
-#   # extremely tiny binaries
+#   # extremely tiny binaries (scout's honor escape hatch)
+#   # please pay the $1k for commercial license if you can
 #   make -j8 -O MODE=tiny				\
 #               LDFLAGS+=-s				\
 #               CPPFLAGS+=-DIM_FEELING_NAUGHTY	        \
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ include libc/str/str.mk				# │
 include third_party/xed/xed.mk			# │
 include third_party/zlib/zlib.mk		# │
 include libc/elf/elf.mk				# │
+include ape/lib/apelib.mk			# │
 include ape/ape.mk				# │
 include libc/fmt/fmt.mk				#─┘
 include libc/calls/calls.mk			#─┐
@@ -131,13 +133,12 @@ include dsp/tty/tty.mk				# ├──ONLINE RUNTIME
 include libc/dns/dns.mk				# │  You can communicate with the network
 include libc/crypto/crypto.mk			# │
 include net/http/http.mk			#─┘
+include third_party/duktape/duktape.mk
 include third_party/regex/regex.mk
 include third_party/third_party.mk
 include libc/testlib/testlib.mk
 include tool/viz/lib/vizlib.mk
-include third_party/lua/lua.mk
-include third_party/sqlite3/sqlite3.mk
-include third_party/quickjs/quickjs.mk
+include examples/examples.mk
 include third_party/lz4cli/lz4cli.mk
 include tool/build/lib/buildlib.mk
 include third_party/chibicc/chibicc.mk
@@ -145,7 +146,6 @@ include third_party/chibicc/test/test.mk
 include tool/build/emucrt/emucrt.mk
 include tool/build/emubin/emubin.mk
 include tool/build/build.mk
-include examples/examples.mk
 include tool/decode/lib/decodelib.mk
 include tool/decode/decode.mk
 include tool/hash/hash.mk
@@ -173,13 +173,14 @@ include test/libc/time/test.mk
 include test/libc/stdio/test.mk
 include test/libc/release/test.mk
 include test/libc/test.mk
+include test/ape/lib/test.mk
+include test/ape/test.mk
 include test/net/http/test.mk
 include test/net/test.mk
 include test/tool/build/lib/test.mk
 include test/tool/build/test.mk
 include test/tool/viz/lib/test.mk
 include test/tool/viz/test.mk
-include test/tool/net/test.mk
 include test/tool/test.mk
 include test/dsp/core/test.mk
 include test/dsp/scale/test.mk
@@ -190,13 +191,13 @@ include examples/package/build.mk
 #-φ-examples/package/new.sh
 include test/test.mk

-OBJS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_OBJS))
-SRCS	:= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_SRCS))
-HDRS	:= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
-INCS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
-BINS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_BINS))
-TESTS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_TESTS))
-CHECKS	 = $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
+OBJS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_OBJS))
+SRCS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_SRCS))
+HDRS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_HDRS))
+INCS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_INCS))
+BINS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_BINS))
+TESTS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_TESTS))
+CHECKS	= $(foreach x,$(PKGS),$($(x)_CHECKS))

 bins:	$(BINS)
 check:	$(CHECKS)
@@ -207,17 +208,11 @@ tags:	TAGS HTAGS
 o/$(MODE)/.x:
 	@mkdir -p $(@D) && touch $@

-ifneq ($(findstring 4.,,$(MAKE_VERSION)),$(MAKE_VERSION))
 o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
+
 o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))
-else
-o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
-	$(MAKE) MODE=rel -j8 -pn bopit 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/^SRCS/ {s/.*:= //;s/  */\n/g;p;q}' >$@
-o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(dir $(x))))
-	$(MAKE) MODE=rel -j8 -pn bopit 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/^HDRS/ {s/.*:= //;s/  */\n/g;p;q}' >$@
-endif

 o/$(MODE)/depend: o/$(MODE)/.x o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt $(SRCS) $(HDRS) $(INCS)
 	@$(COMPILE) -AMKDEPS $(MKDEPS) -o $@ -r o/$(MODE)/ o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt o/$(MODE)/hdrs.txt
@@ -242,15 +237,16 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =		\
 	LIBC_NT_MSWSOCK		\
 	LIBC_OHMYPLUS		\
 	LIBC_X			\
+	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA	\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT	\
 	LIBC_LOG		\
 	LIBC_UNICODE		\
 	LIBC_TIME		\
 	LIBC_ZIPOS		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB	\
+	APE_LIB			\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL	\
 	LIBC_STDIO		\
-	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA	\
 	THIRD_PARTY_REGEX	\
 	LIBC_ALG		\
 	LIBC_MEM		\
@@ -273,8 +269,8 @@ COSMOPOLITAN_OBJECTS =		\
 	LIBC_FMT		\
 	THIRD_PARTY_COMPILER_RT	\
 	LIBC_TINYMATH		\
-	LIBC_STR		\
 	LIBC_SYSV		\
+	LIBC_STR		\
 	LIBC_INTRIN		\
 	LIBC_NT_KERNEL32	\
 	LIBC_NEXGEN32E
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-ISC License
-
 Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney

 Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
@@ -19,77 +19,32 @@ libc](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/index.html) website. We also have
 ## Getting Started

 If you're doing your development work on Linux or BSD then you need just
-five files to get started. Here's what you do on Linux:
+five files to get started:

 ```sh
-wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-amalgamation-1.0.zip
-unzip cosmopolitan-amalgamation-1.0.zip
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-amalgamation-0.2.zip
+unzip cosmopolitan-amalgamation-0.2.zip
 printf 'main() { printf("hello world\\n"); }\n' >hello.c
-gcc -g -Os -static -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-pie -no-pie -mno-red-zone \
-  -fno-omit-frame-pointer -pg -mnop-mcount \
+gcc -g -O -static -nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-pie -no-pie -mno-red-zone \
  -o hello.com.dbg hello.c -fuse-ld=bfd -Wl,-T,ape.lds \
  -include cosmopolitan.h crt.o ape.o cosmopolitan.a
 objcopy -S -O binary hello.com.dbg hello.com
-```
-
-You now have a portable program. Please note that your APE binary will
-assimilate itself as a conventional resident of your platform after the
-first run, so it can be fast and efficient for subsequent executions.
-
-```sh
 ./hello.com
-bash -c './hello.com'  # zsh/fish workaround (we upstreamed patches)
 ```

-So if you intend to copy the binary to Windows or Mac then please do
-that before you run it, not after.
-
-### MacOS
-
-If you're developing on MacOS you can install the GNU compiler
-collection for x86_64-elf via homebrew:
-
-```sh
-brew install x86_64-elf-gcc
-```
-
-Then in the above scripts just replace `gcc` and `objcopy` with
-`x86_64-elf-gcc` and `x86_64-elf-objcopy` to compile your APE binary.
-
-### Windows
-
-If you're developing on Windows then you need to download an
+If you're developing on Windows or MacOS then you need to download an
 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu toolchain beforehand. See the [Compiling on
 Windows](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/windows-compiling.html)
 tutorial. It's needed because the ELF object format is what makes
 universal binaries possible.

-## Source Builds
-
-Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any Linux distro. GNU make
-needs to be installed beforehand. This is a freestanding hermetic
-repository that bootstraps using a vendored static gcc9 executable.
-No further dependencies are required.
+Cosmopolitan can also be compiled from source on any Linux distro.

 ```sh
-wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-1.0.tar.gz
-tar xf cosmopolitan-1.0.tar.gz  # see releases page
-cd cosmopolitan
+wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan-0.2.tar.gz
+tar xf cosmopolitan-0.2.tar.gz  # see releases page
+cd cosmopolitan-0.2
 make -j16
 o//examples/hello.com
 find o -name \*.com | xargs ls -rShal | less
 ```
-
-## Support Vector
-
-| Platform        | Min Version | Circa |
-| :---            | ---:        | ---:  |
-| AMD             | K8 Venus    | 2005  |
-| Intel           | Core        | 2006  |
-| New Technology  | Vista       | 2006  |
-| GNU/Systemd     | 2.6.18      | 2007  |
-| XNU's Not UNIX! | 15.6        | 2018  |
-| FreeBSD         | 12          | 2018  |
-| OpenBSD         | 6.4         | 2018  |
-| NetBSD          | 9.1         | 2020  |
-| GNU Make        | 3.80        | 2010  |
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@

 #ifdef __LINKER__
 #include "ape/macros.internal.h"
-#include "ape/relocations.h"
+#include "ape/config.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/nt/pedef.internal.h"
 #include "libc/zip.h"
@@ -196,18 +196,20 @@ SECTIONS {
 /*BEGIN: linux addressability guarantee */
 /*BEGIN: bsd addressability guarantee */

-  .head SEGMENT_START("text-segment", IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL) : AT(IMAGE_BASE_REAL) {
+  .head SEGMENT_START("text-segment", IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL) : {
    HIDDEN(_base = .);

    /* Real Mode */
    KEEP(*(.head))
-    KEEP(*(.text.head))

    /* Executable & Linkable Format */
    . = ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__);
    HIDDEN(ape_phdrs = .);
    KEEP(*(.elf.phdrs))
    HIDDEN(ape_phdrs_end = .);
+    HIDDEN(ape_phdrs32 = .);
+    KEEP(*(.elf.phdrs32))
+    HIDDEN(ape_phdrs32_end = .);

    /* OpenBSD */
    . = ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__);
@@ -221,14 +223,16 @@ SECTIONS {
    HIDDEN(ape_pe_sections = .);
    KEEP(*(.pe.sections))
    HIDDEN(ape_pe_sections_end = .);
+    . += 1;

    /* Mach-O */
    KEEP(*(.macho))
    . = ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__);
    HIDDEN(ape_macho_end = .);
+    . += 1;

    KEEP(*(.ape.pad.head))
-    . = ALIGN(SupportsWindows() || SupportsMetal() ? PAGESIZE : 16);
+    . = ALIGN(SupportsWindows() ? PAGESIZE : 16);
    HIDDEN(_ehead = .);
  } :Head

@@ -238,13 +242,14 @@ SECTIONS {
    /* Code that needs to be addressable in Real Mode */
    *(.text.real)
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.text.real.*)))
+    *(.rodata.real)
+    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.rodata.real.*)))
    HIDDEN(_ereal = .);
-    . += 1;

 /*END: realmode addressability guarantee */

    /* Normal Code */
-    *(.start)
+    KEEP(*(.start))
    KEEP(*(.initprologue))
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.init.*)))
    KEEP(*(.init))
@@ -272,17 +277,17 @@ SECTIONS {
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.text.*)))

    KEEP(*(.ape.pad.test));
+    HIDDEN(__test_start = .);
    *(.test.unlikely)
    *(.test .test.*)

    /* Privileged code invulnerable to magic */
    KEEP(*(.ape.pad.privileged));
-    . += . > 0 ? 1 : 0;
    HIDDEN(__privileged_start = .);
-    . += . > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+    HIDDEN(__test_end = .);
+    . += 1;
    *(.privileged)
    HIDDEN(__privileged_end = .);
-    . += . > 0 ? 1 : 0;

 /*BEGIN: Read Only Data */

@@ -302,10 +307,11 @@ SECTIONS {
    KEEP(*(.comment))
    KEEP(*(.commentepilogue))
 #endif
-
+ 
    /* Windows DLL Import Directory */
    KEEP(*(.idata.ro));
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.idata.ro.*)))
+    . += 1;

    . = ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__);
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN(__init_array_start = .);
@@ -364,23 +370,11 @@ SECTIONS {
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN(edata = .);
  } :Ram

-/*END:   file content that's loaded by o/s */
-/*BEGIN: bss memory void */
-
-  .zip . : {
-    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.zip.*)))
-    HIDDEN(_ezip = .);
-  }
-
-/*END:   file content */
-/*BEGIN: bss memory that's addressable */
-
-  .bss ALIGN(__SIZEOF_POINTER__) : {
+  .bss . : {
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.bss.init.*)))
    *(.piro.bss)
    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.piro.bss.sort.*)))
    HIDDEN(__piro_end = .);
-    . += . > 0 ? 1 : 0;
 /*END: Post-Initialization Read-Only */

    /* Statically Allocated Empty Space */
@@ -390,10 +384,15 @@ SECTIONS {

    KEEP(*(SORT_BY_NAME(.sort.bss.*)))

-    . = ALIGN(FRAMESIZE); /* for brk()/sbrk() allocation */
+    /* eXtreme Low Memory w/ Userspace Remapping */
+    . = ALIGN(0x1000);
+    *(.xlm)
+    . = ALIGN(0x1000);
+
+    . = ALIGN(0x10000); /* for brk()/sbrk() allocation */
    HIDDEN(_end = .);
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN(end = .);
-  }
+  } :Ram

 /*END: nt addressability guarantee */
 /*END: bsd addressability guarantee */
@@ -449,6 +448,13 @@ PFSTUB4(ape_elf_phnum, (ape_phdrs_end - ape_phdrs) / 56);
 PFSTUB4(ape_elf_shnum, 0);
 PFSTUB4(ape_elf_shstrndx, 0);

+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_entry, _start32);
+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_phoff, RVA(ape_phdrs32));
+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_shoff, 0);
+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_phnum, (ape_phdrs32_end - ape_phdrs32) / 32);
+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_shnum, 0);
+PFSTUB4(ape_elf32_shstrndx, 0);
+
 HIDDEN(__privileged_addr = ROUNDDOWN(__privileged_start, PAGESIZE)); 
 HIDDEN(__privileged_size = (ROUNDUP(__privileged_end, PAGESIZE) -
                            ROUNDDOWN(__privileged_start, PAGESIZE))); 
@@ -464,18 +470,11 @@ HIDDEN(ape_rom_rva = RVA(ape_rom_vaddr));
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_offset = ape_rom_offset + ape_rom_filesz);
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_vaddr = ADDR(.data));
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_paddr = LOADADDR(.data));
-HIDDEN(ape_ram_filesz = SIZEOF(.data));
+HIDDEN(ape_ram_filesz = LOADADDR(.bss) - LOADADDR(.data));
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_memsz = ADDR(.bss) + SIZEOF(.bss) - ape_ram_vaddr);
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_align = PAGESIZE);
 HIDDEN(ape_ram_rva = RVA(ape_ram_vaddr));

-HIDDEN(ape_stack_offset = ape_ram_offset + ape_ram_filesz);
-HIDDEN(ape_stack_vaddr = 0x700000000000 - STACKSIZE);
-HIDDEN(ape_stack_paddr = ape_ram_paddr + ape_ram_filesz);
-HIDDEN(ape_stack_filesz = 0);
-HIDDEN(ape_stack_memsz = STACKSIZE);
-HIDDEN(ape_stack_align = 16);
-
 HIDDEN(ape_note_offset = ape_rom_offset + (ape_note - ape_rom_vaddr));
 HIDDEN(ape_note_vaddr = ape_note);
 HIDDEN(ape_note_paddr = ape_rom_paddr + ape_note_offset);
@@ -511,30 +510,20 @@ SHSTUB2(ape_macho_dd_skip, RVA(ape_macho) / 8);
 SHSTUB2(ape_macho_dd_count, (ape_macho_end - ape_macho) / 8);
 #endif

-#if SupportsWindows() || SupportsMetal()
-#define LINK_WINDOWS (SupportsWindows() && !DEFINED(EfiMain))
+#if SupportsWindows()
 PFSTUB4(ape_pe_offset, ape_pe - ape_mz);
 HIDDEN(ape_pe_optsz = ape_pe_sections - (ape_pe + 24));
 HIDDEN(ape_pe_shnum = (ape_pe_sections_end - ape_pe_sections) / 40);
-HIDDEN(ape_pe_base = IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL);
-HIDDEN(ape_idata = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_iat) : 0);
-HIDDEN(ape_idata_iatsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_iatend - ape_idata_iat : 0);
-HIDDEN(ape_idata = LINK_WINDOWS ? RVA(ape_idata_idt) : 0);
-HIDDEN(ape_idata_idtsize = LINK_WINDOWS ? ape_idata_idtend - ape_idata_idt : 0);
-HIDDEN(v_ntversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 1);
-HIDDEN(v_ntdllchar = LINK_WINDOWS ? 288 : 0);
-HIDDEN(v_ntsubversion = LINK_WINDOWS ? 6 : 5);
-HIDDEN(v_ntsubsystem = (LINK_WINDOWS
-                        ? (DEFINED(GetMessage)
-                           ? kNtImageSubsystemWindowsGui
-                           : kNtImageSubsystemWindowsCui)
-                        : kNtImageSubsystemEfiApplication));
-HIDDEN(ape_pe_entry = LINK_WINDOWS ? WinMain : EfiMain);
+HIDDEN(ape_idata_idtsize = ape_idata_idtend - ape_idata_idt);
+HIDDEN(ape_idata_iatsize = ape_idata_iatend - ape_idata_iat);
+HIDDEN(v_ntsubsystem = (DEFINED(GetMessage)
+                        ? kNtImageSubsystemWindowsGui
+                        : kNtImageSubsystemWindowsCui));
 #endif

 #if SupportsMetal()
 HIDDEN(v_ape_realsectors =
-           MIN(0x70000 - IMAGE_BASE_REAL,
+           MIN(REAL_SCRATCH_AREA - IMAGE_BASE_REAL,
               ROUNDUP(RVA(_edata), 4096)) / 512);
 HIDDEN(v_ape_realpages = v_ape_realsectors / (4096 / 512));
 HIDDEN(v_ape_highsectors =
@@ -545,9 +534,8 @@ HIDDEN(v_ape_highsectors =
 #define ZIPCONST(NAME, VAL) HIDDEN(NAME = DEFINED(__zip_start) ? VAL : 0);
 ZIPCONST(v_zip_cdoffset, __zip_start - IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL);
 ZIPCONST(v_zip_cdirsize, __zip_end - __zip_start);
-ASSERT(v_zip_cdirsize % kZipCdirHdrLinkableSize == 0, "bad zip cdir");
 ZIPCONST(v_zip_records, v_zip_cdirsize / kZipCdirHdrLinkableSize);
-ZIPCONST(v_zip_commentsize, _ezip - __zip_end - kZipCdirHdrMinSize);
+ZIPCONST(v_zip_commentsize, _edata - __zip_end - kZipCdirHdrMinSize);

 #if SupportsXnu()
 /* Generates deterministic ID. */
@@ -625,7 +613,7 @@ CHURN(v_ape_realsectors);
 #if SupportsXnu()
 CHURN(ape_macho);
 #endif
-#if SupportsWindows() || SupportsMetal()
+#if SupportsWindows()
 CHURN(ape_mz);
 CHURN(ape_pe);
 CHURN(ape_pe_offset);
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@ APE_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(APE_FILES))
 APE_INCS = $(filter %.inc,$(APE_FILES))
 APE_SRCS = $(filter %.S,$(APE_FILES))
 APE_OBJS = $(APE_SRCS:%.S=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+APE_DEPS = $(APE_LIB)
 APE_CHECKS = $(APE_HDRS:%=o/%.ok)

 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:			\
 		ape/ape.lds		\
+		ape/config.h		\
 		ape/macros.internal.h	\
 		libc/dce.h		\
 		libc/zip.h
@@ -46,10 +48,7 @@ o/ape/idata.inc:			\
 $(APE_OBJS):	$(BUILD_FILES)		\
 		ape/ape.mk

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o: ape/ape.S
-	@$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.S $(OBJECTIFY.S) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF $<
-
 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
 o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE)			\
 		$(APE_CHECKS)		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/lib
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#ifndef APE_CONFIG_H_
+#define APE_CONFIG_H_
+#include "ape/relocations.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+
+/*
+ * Post-Initialization Read-Only Code Size Threshold.
+ *
+ * An executable needs to have at least this much code, before the
+ * linker adds non-mandatory 4kb alignments. The benefit is better
+ * memory protection. The tradeoff is sparser binaries.
+ */
+#ifndef APE_PIRO_THRESHOLD
+#ifdef CONFIG_DBG
+#define APE_PIRO_THRESHOLD 0x1000
+#else
+#define APE_PIRO_THRESHOLD 0x10000
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef METAL_STDIN
+#define METAL_STDIN COM1
+#endif
+#ifndef METAL_STDOUT
+#define METAL_STDOUT COM1
+#endif
+#ifndef METAL_STDERR
+#define METAL_STDERR COM1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VIDYA_MODE
+#define VIDYA_MODE VIDYA_MODE_CGA
+#endif
+
+/* FPU Control Word (x87) Exception Masks
+   @see Intel Manual V1 §8.1.5
+
+       IM: Invalid Operation ───────────────┐
+       DM: Denormal Operand ───────────────┐│
+       ZM: Zero Divide ───────────────────┐││
+       OM: Overflow ─────────────────────┐│││
+       UM: Underflow ───────────────────┐││││
+       PM: Precision ──────────────────┐│││││
+      PC: Precision Control ────────┐  ││││││
+       {float,∅,double,long double} │  ││││││
+      RC: Rounding Control ───────┐ │  ││││││
+       {even, →-∞, →+∞, →0}       │┌┤  ││││││
+                                 ┌┤││  ││││││
+                                d││││rr││││││*/
+#define X87_NORMAL    0b000000000001101111111
+#define X87_DTOA      0b000000000001000000000
+#define X87_DTOA_MASK 0b000000000001100000000
+#ifndef X87_DEFAULT
+#define X87_DEFAULT X87_NORMAL
+#endif
+
+#ifndef UART_BAUD_RATE
+#define UART_BAUD_RATE 9600 /* bits per second ∈ [50,115200] */
+#endif
+#define UART_CONF_DLR (1843200 /*hz*/ / 16 /*wut*/ / (UART_BAUD_RATE))
+#ifndef UART_CONF_IIR
+/*                      ┌interrupt trigger level {1,4,8,14}
+                        │ ┌enable 64 byte fifo (UART 16750+)
+                        │ │ ┌select dma mode
+                        │ │ │┌clear transmit fifo
+                        │ │ ││┌clear receive fifo
+                        ├┐│ │││┌enable fifos*/
+#define UART_CONF_IIR 0b00000000
+#endif
+#ifndef UART_CONF_LCR
+/*                      ┌dlab: flips configuration mode state
+                        │┌enable break signal
+                        ││ ┌parity {none,odd,even,high,low}
+                        ││ │ ┌extra stop bit
+                        ││ │ │┌data word length (bits+5)
+                        ││┌┴┐│├┐*/
+#define UART_CONF_LCR 0b01000011
+#endif
+
+#define XLM(VAR)                            (XLM_BASE_REAL + XLM_##VAR)
+#define XLMV(VAR)                           (__xlm + XLM_##VAR)
+#define XLM_BASE_REAL                       0x1000
+#define XLM_E820                            0
+#define XLM_E820_SIZE                       0x2000
+#define XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA                  0x2000
+#define XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA_SIZE             256
+#define XLM_DRIVE_BASE_TABLE                0x2200 /* drive values are contiguous */
+#define XLM_DRIVE_BASE_TABLE_SIZE           11
+#define XLM_DRIVE_TYPE                      0x220b
+#define XLM_DRIVE_TYPE_SIZE                 1
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_SECTOR               0x220c /* 1-based inclusive, e.g. 18 */
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_SECTOR_SIZE          1
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_CYLINDER             0x220d /* 0-based incl, e.g. 79 */
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_CYLINDER_SIZE        2
+#define XLM_DRIVE_ATTACHED                  0x220f
+#define XLM_DRIVE_ATTACHED_SIZE             1
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_HEAD                 0x2210 /* 0-based inclusive, e.g. 1 */
+#define XLM_DRIVE_LAST_HEAD_SIZE            1
+#define XLM_DRIVE                           0x2211
+#define XLM_DRIVE_SIZE                      1
+#define XLM_HAVEEXTMEMKB                    0x2212
+#define XLM_HAVEEXTMEMKB_SIZE               4
+#define XLM_VIDEO_POSITION_FAR_POINTER      0x2216 /* video cursor far pointer */
+#define XLM_VIDEO_POSITION_FAR_POINTER_SIZE 4
+#define XLM_PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER        0x2220
+#define XLM_PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER_SIZE   8
+#define XLM_BADIDT                          0x2230
+#define XLM_BADIDT_SIZE                     6
+#define XLM_LOADSTATE                       0x2240
+#define XLM_LOADSTATE_SIZE                  8
+#define XLM_SIZE                            ROUNDUP(XLM_LOADSTATE + XLM_LOADSTATE_SIZE, 0x1000)
+#define IMAGE_BASE_REAL                     (XLM_BASE_REAL + XLM_SIZE)
+
+#if !defined(__LINKER__) && !defined(__ASSEMBLER__)
+extern char __xlm[XLM_SIZE];
+#endif /* !defined(__LINKER__) && !defined(__ASSEMBLER__) */
+
+#endif /* APE_CONFIG_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#-*-mode:makefile-gmake;indent-tabs-mode:t;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set et ft=make ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi───────────────────────┘
+
+PKGS += APE_LIB
+
+APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS += APE_LIB_A
+APE_LIB = $(APE_LIB_A_DEPS) $(APE_LIB_A)
+APE_LIB_A = o/$(MODE)/ape/lib/apelib.a
+APE_LIB_A_FILES := $(wildcard ape/lib/*)
+APE_LIB_A_HDRS = $(filter %.h,$(APE_LIB_A_FILES))
+APE_LIB_A_SRCS_S = $(filter %.S,$(APE_LIB_A_FILES))
+APE_LIB_A_SRCS_C = $(filter %.c,$(APE_LIB_A_FILES))
+
+APE_LIB_A_SRCS =					\
+	$(APE_LIB_A_SRCS_S)				\
+	$(APE_LIB_A_SRCS_C)
+
+APE_LIB_A_OBJS =					\
+	$(APE_LIB_A_SRCS_S:%.S=o/$(MODE)/%.o)		\
+	$(APE_LIB_A_SRCS_C:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+
+APE_LIB_A_DIRECTDEPS =					\
+	LIBC_NEXGEN32E					\
+	LIBC_INTRIN					\
+	LIBC_STR					\
+	LIBC_STUBS
+
+APE_LIB_A_CHECKS = $(APE_LIB_A_HDRS:%=o/$(MODE)/%.ok)
+APE_LIB_A_DEPS = $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x))))
+
+$(APE_LIB_A): ape/lib/ $(APE_LIB_A).pkg $(APE_LIB_A_OBJS)
+$(APE_LIB_A).pkg: $(APE_LIB_A_OBJS) $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_A_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)
+
+APE_LIB_LIBS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)))
+APE_LIB_SRCS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_SRCS))
+APE_LIB_HDRS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_HDRS))
+APE_LIB_BINS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_BINS))
+APE_LIB_CHECKS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_CHECKS))
+APE_LIB_OBJS = $(foreach x,$(APE_LIB_ARTIFACTS),$($(x)_OBJS))
+$(APE_LIB_OBJS): $(BUILD_FILES) libc/str/str.mk
+
+.PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape/lib
+o/$(MODE)/ape/lib:			\
+		$(APE_LIB_CHECKS)	\
+		$(APE_LIB_A)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
-│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=8 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
 ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
 │ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
 │                                                                              │
@@ -30,131 +30,29 @@
 │░░░░░░░▀▀▀░▀░▀░▀▀▀░▀▀▀░▀▀▀░░▀░░▀░▀░▀▀▀░▀▀░▀▀▀░░░░░░░░░░▄██▀█▌░██▄▄░░▐█▀▄░▐█▀░░│
 │░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░▐█▀▀▌░░░▄▀▌░▌░█░▌░░▌░▌░░│
 ╠──────────────────────────────────────────────────────▌▀▄─▐──▀▄─▐▄─▐▄▐▄─▐▄─▐▄─│
-│ αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε § no-frills virtual memory management           │
+│ αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε § green energy                                  │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "ape/relocations.h"
-#include "libc/elf/def.h"
-#include "libc/elf/struct/phdr.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/nexgen32e/uart.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/e820.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/metalprintf.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/pc.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#ifndef APE_LIB_APM_H_
+#define APE_LIB_APM_H_

 /**
- * Allocates new page of physical memory.
+ * @fileoverview Advanced Power Management.
+ *
+ * <p>APM is useful for exiting programs, without needing to ask the
+ * human to flip a physical switch or pass QEMU's -no-reboot flag.
+ *
+ * <p><b>Implementation Detail:</b> Supporting ACPI would literally
+ * require implementing a programming language.
+ *
+ * @see APM BIOS Interface Specification v1.2
+ * @since IBM PC/AT
 */
-noasan texthead uint64_t __new_page(struct mman *mm) {
-  uint64_t p;
-  if (mm->pdpi == mm->e820n) {
-    /* TODO: reclaim free pages */
-    return 0;
-  }
-  while (mm->pdp >= mm->e820[mm->pdpi].addr + mm->e820[mm->pdpi].size) {
-    if (++mm->pdpi == mm->e820n) return 0;
-    mm->pdp = mm->e820[mm->pdpi].addr;
-  }
-  p = mm->pdp;
-  mm->pdp += 4096;
-  return p;
-}

-/**
- * Returns pointer to page table entry for page at virtual address.
- * Additional page tables are allocated if needed as a side-effect.
- */
-noasan texthead uint64_t *__get_virtual(struct mman *mm, uint64_t *t,
-                                        int64_t vaddr, bool maketables) {
-  uint64_t *e, p;
-  unsigned char h;
-  for (h = 39;; h -= 9) {
-    e = t + ((vaddr >> h) & 511);
-    if (h == 12) return e;
-    if (!(*e & PAGE_V)) {
-      if (!maketables) return NULL;
-      if (!(p = __new_page(mm))) return NULL;
-      *e = p | PAGE_V | PAGE_RW;
-    }
-    t = (uint64_t *)(BANE + (*e & PAGE_TA));
-  }
-}
+#define APM_SERVICE 0x15

-/**
- * Sorts, rounds, and filters BIOS memory map.
- */
-static noasan texthead void __normalize_e820(struct mman *mm) {
-  uint64_t a, b;
-  uint64_t x, y;
-  unsigned i, j, n;
-  for (n = i = 0; mm->e820[i].size; ++i) {
-    mm->e820[n] = mm->e820[i];
-    x = mm->e820[n].addr;
-    y = mm->e820[n].addr + mm->e820[n].size;
-    a = ROUNDUP(x, 4096);
-    b = ROUNDDOWN(y, 4096) - a;
-    if (b > 0 && mm->e820[i].type == kMemoryUsable) {
-      mm->e820[n].addr = a;
-      mm->e820[n].size = b;
-      ++n;
-    }
-  }
-  for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
-    for (j = i; j > 0 && mm->e820[i].addr < mm->e820[j - 1].addr; --j) {
-      mm->e820[j] = mm->e820[j - 1];
-    }
-    mm->e820[j] = mm->e820[i];
-  }
-  mm->pdp = MAX(0x80000, mm->e820[0].addr);
-  mm->pdpi = 0;
-  mm->e820n = n;
-}
+#if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

-/**
- * Identity maps all usable physical memory to its negative address.
- */
-static noasan texthead void __invert_memory(struct mman *mm, uint64_t *pml4t) {
-  uint64_t i, j, *m, p, pe;
-  for (i = 0; i < mm->e820n; ++i) {
-    for (p = mm->e820[i].addr, pe = mm->e820[i].addr + mm->e820[i].size;
-         p + 0x200000 < pe; p += 4096) {
-      m = __get_virtual(mm, pml4t, BANE + p, true);
-      if (m && !(*m & PAGE_V)) {
-        *m = p | PAGE_V | PAGE_RW;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
+void apmoff(void) wontreturn;

-noasan texthead void __setup_mman(struct mman *mm, uint64_t *pml4t) {
-  __normalize_e820(mm);
-  __invert_memory(mm, pml4t);
-}
-
-/**
- * Maps APE-defined ELF program headers into memory and clears BSS.
- */
-noasan textreal void __map_phdrs(struct mman *mm, uint64_t *pml4t, uint64_t b) {
-  struct Elf64_Phdr *p;
-  uint64_t i, f, v, m, *e;
-  extern char ape_phdrs[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-  extern char ape_phdrs_end[] __attribute__((__weak__));
-  __setup_mman(mm, pml4t);
-  for (p = (struct Elf64_Phdr *)REAL(ape_phdrs), m = 0;
-       p < (struct Elf64_Phdr *)REAL(ape_phdrs_end); ++p) {
-    if (p->p_type == PT_LOAD || p->p_type == PT_GNU_STACK) {
-      f = PAGE_V | PAGE_U;
-      if (p->p_flags & PF_W) f |= PAGE_RW;
-      for (i = 0; i < p->p_memsz; i += 4096) {
-        if (i < p->p_filesz) {
-          v = b + p->p_offset + i;
-          m = MAX(m, v);
-        } else {
-          v = __clear_page(__new_page(mm));
-        }
-        *__get_virtual(mm, pml4t, p->p_vaddr + i, true) = (v & PAGE_TA) | f;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  mm->pdp = MAX(mm->pdp, m);
-}
+#endif /* !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0) */
+#endif /* APE_LIB_APM_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
+.section .real,"ax",@progbits
+.source	__FILE__
+.code16
+
+//	Resets personal computer.
+//
+//	@param	di drive number, e.g. A:\ is 0x00, C:\ is 0x80
+//	@mode	real
+//	@noreturn
+bootdr:	push	%bp
+	mov	%sp,%bp
+	mov	%di,%dx
+	int	$0x19
+	ljmp	$0xf000,$0xfff0
+	.endfn	bootdr,globl
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "ape/config.h"
+#include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
+.section .real,"ax",@progbits
+.source	__FILE__
+.code16
+
+	.globl	e820map
+	.hidden	e820map
+	.type	e820map,@object
+	.size	e820map,XLM_E820_SIZE
+	e820map = ape_xlm + XLM_E820
+
+	.globl	e820map_xlm
+	.hidden	e820map_xlm
+	.type	e820map_xlm,@object
+	.size	e820map_xlm,XLM_E820_SIZE
+	e820map_xlm = XLM(E820)
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/config.h"
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+
+/**
+ * Virtualizes physical memory.
+ *
+ * This function removes memory holes (discovered by e820() earlier) and
+ * creates the illusion of flat contiguous memory for as much RAM as the
+ * BIOS reports usable. Memory is safe to use and remap afterwards.
+ *
+ * @see ape/ape.S
+ */
+textreal void flattenhighmemory(struct SmapEntry *e820, struct PageTable *pml4t,
+                                uint64_t *ptsp) {
+  uint64_t *entry, paddr, vaddr;
+  struct SmapEntry *smap, *hole;
+  for (smap = hole = e820, vaddr = IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL; smap->size; ++smap) {
+    while (smap->size && smap->type != kMemoryUsable) smap++;
+    paddr = ROUNDUP(MAX(IMAGE_BASE_PHYSICAL, smap->addr), PAGESIZE);
+    while (paddr < ROUNDDOWN(smap->addr + smap->size, PAGESIZE)) {
+      while (hole->size &&
+             (hole->type == kMemoryUsable || hole->addr + hole->size < paddr)) {
+        hole++;
+      }
+      if (paddr >= hole->addr && paddr < hole->addr + hole->size) {
+        paddr = ROUNDUP(hole->addr + hole->size, PAGESIZE);
+      } else {
+        entry = __getpagetableentry(vaddr, 3, pml4t, ptsp);
+        *entry = paddr | PAGE_V | PAGE_RW;
+        vaddr += 0x1000;
+        paddr += 0x1000;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "ape/config.h"
+#include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
+.section .real,"ax",@progbits
+.source	__FILE__
+.code16
+
+	.globl	g_pml4t
+	.hidden	g_pml4t
+	.type	g_pml4t,@object
+	.size	g_pml4t,0x1000
+	g_pml4t = REAL_STACK_FRAME - 0x1000
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "ape/config.h"
+#include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
+.section .real,"ax",@progbits
+.source	__FILE__
+.code16
+
+	.globl	g_ptsp
+	.hidden	g_ptsp
+	.type	g_ptsp,@object
+	.size	g_ptsp,XLM_PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER_SIZE
+	g_ptsp = ape_xlm + XLM_PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER
+
+	.globl	g_ptsp_xlm
+	.hidden	g_ptsp_xlm
+	.type	g_ptsp_xlm,@object
+	.size	g_ptsp_xlm,XLM_PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER_SIZE
+	g_ptsp_xlm = XLM(PAGE_TABLE_STACK_POINTER)
@@ -16,23 +16,27 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/dce.h"
-#include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/sock/internal.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sock.h"
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "libc/assert.h"

-int sys_socketpair(int family, int type, int protocol, int sv[2]) {
-  int e = errno;
-  if (__sys_socketpair(family, type, protocol, sv) != -1) return 0;
-  if ((type & (SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK)) &&
-      (errno == EINVAL || errno == EPROTOTYPE || errno == EPROTONOSUPPORT)) {
-    errno = e;
-    if (__sys_socketpair(family, type & ~(SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK),
-                         protocol, sv) != -1) {
-      __fixupnewsockfd(sv[0], type);
-      __fixupnewsockfd(sv[1], type);
-      return 0;
-    }
+static textreal uint64_t __pushpagetable(uint64_t *ptsp) {
+  return (*ptsp -= PAGESIZE) | PAGE_V | PAGE_RW;
+}
+
+textreal uint64_t *__getpagetableentry(int64_t vaddr, unsigned depth,
+                                       struct PageTable *pml4t,
+                                       uint64_t *ptsp) {
+  uint64_t *entry;
+  unsigned char shift;
+  assert(depth <= 3);
+  assert(!(*ptsp & 0xfff));
+  assert(!((uintptr_t)pml4t & 0xfff));
+  shift = 39;
+  for (;;) {
+    entry = &pml4t->p[(vaddr >> shift) & 511];
+    if (!depth--) return entry;
+    shift -= 9;
+    if (!*entry) *entry = __pushpagetable(ptsp);
+    pml4t = (void *)(*entry & PAGE_TA);
  }
-  return -1;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*-*- mode:unix-assembly; indent-tabs-mode:t; tab-width:8; coding:utf-8     -*-│
+│vi: set et ft=asm ts=8 tw=8 fenc=utf-8                                     :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "ape/config.h"
+#include "ape/macros.internal.h"
+#include "ape/notice.inc"
+.section .real,"ax",@progbits
+.source	__FILE__
+.code16
+
+	.globl	kBiosDataArea
+	.hidden	kBiosDataArea
+	.type	kBiosDataArea,@object
+	.size	kBiosDataArea,XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA_SIZE
+	kBiosDataArea = ape_xlm + XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA
+
+	.globl	kBiosDataAreaXlm
+	.hidden	kBiosDataAreaXlm
+	.type	kBiosDataAreaXlm,@object
+	.size	kBiosDataAreaXlm,XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA_SIZE
+	kBiosDataAreaXlm = XLM(BIOS_DATA_AREA)
+
+	.section .sort.text.real.init.2.kBiosDataArea,"ax",@progbits
+	movpp	%ds,%es			# copy bios data to valid page
+	mov	$PC_BIOS_DATA_AREA,%si
+	mov	$XLM(BIOS_DATA_AREA),%di
+	mov	$XLM_BIOS_DATA_AREA_SIZE,%cx
+	rep movsb
+	.previous
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+#include "ape/relocations.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+
+textreal static void __map_segment(uint64_t k, uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
+  uint64_t *e;
+  for (; a < b; a += 0x1000) {
+    e = __getpagetableentry(IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL + a, 3, &g_pml4t, &g_ptsp_xlm);
+    *e = (IMAGE_BASE_REAL + a) | k;
+  }
+}
+
+textreal void __map_image(void) {
+  __map_segment(PAGE_V | PAGE_U, 0, (uintptr_t)_etext - IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL);
+  __map_segment(PAGE_V | PAGE_U | PAGE_RW,
+                (uintptr_t)_etext - IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL,
+                (uintptr_t)_end - IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+
+textreal void pageunmap(int64_t vaddr) {
+  uint64_t *entry;
+  entry = __getpagetableentry(vaddr, 3, &g_pml4t, &g_ptsp_xlm);
+  *entry &= ~PAGE_V;
+  asm volatile("invlpg\t(%0)" : /* no outputs */ : "r"(vaddr) : "memory");
+}
@@ -32,12 +32,9 @@
 ╠──────────────────────────────────────────────────────▌▀▄─▐──▀▄─▐▄─▐▄▐▄─▐▄─▐▄─│
 │ αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε § ibm personal computer                         │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_RUNTIME_PC_H_
-#define COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_RUNTIME_PC_H_
-#include "libc/runtime/e820.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/mman.internal.h"
+#ifndef APE_LIB_PC_H_
+#define APE_LIB_PC_H_

-#define BANE              -140737488355328
 #define BOOTSIG           0xaa55 /* master boot record signature */
 #define PC_BIOS_DATA_AREA 0x400

@@ -58,12 +55,8 @@
   B: FPU Busy ───────────┐│ │  │ ││││││││
                          ││┌┴┐┌┼┐││││││││
                          │↓│ │↓↓↓││││││││*/
-#define FPU_IE 0b0000000000000000000000001
-#define FPU_DE 0b0000000000000000000000010
-#define FPU_ZE 0b0000000000000000000000100
-#define FPU_OE 0b0000000000000000000001000
-#define FPU_UE 0b0000000000000000000010000
-#define FPU_PE 0b0000000000000000000100000
+#define FPU_IE 0b0000000000100000000000001
+#define FPU_ZE 0b0000000000100000000000100
 #define FPU_SF 0b0000000000000000001000000
 #define FPU_C0 0b0000000000000000100000000
 #define FPU_C1 0b0000000000000001000000000
@@ -161,13 +154,35 @@
 #define PAGE_4KB /*                                    */ 0b010000000
 #define PAGE_2MB /*                                    */ 0b110000000
 #define PAGE_1GB /*                                    */ 0b110000000
-#define PAGE_TA  0x00007ffffffff000
-#define PAGE_PA2 0x00007fffffe00000
+#define PAGE_TA  0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111000000000000
+#define PAGE_PA2 0b11111111111111111111111111111000000000000000000000
 #define PAGE_XD  0x8000000000000000

 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)
+#include "ape/config.h"

-#define invlpg(p) asm volatile("invlpg\t(%0)" : : "r"(p) : "memory")
+struct thatispacked GlobalDescriptorTable {
+  uint16_t size;
+  uint64_t *entries;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Memory hole map.
+ * @see wiki.osdev.org/Detecting_Memory_(x86)
+ * @since 2002
+ */
+struct SmapEntry {
+  uint64_t addr;
+  uint64_t size;
+  enum {
+    kMemoryUsable = 1,
+    kMemoryUnusable = 2,
+    kMemoryAcpiReclaimable = 3,
+    kMemoryAcpiNvs = 4,
+    kMemoryBad = 5
+  } type;
+  uint32_t __acpi3; /* is abstracted */
+};

 struct IdtDescriptor {
  uint16_t offset_1; /* offset bits 0..15 */
@@ -179,10 +194,37 @@ struct IdtDescriptor {
  uint32_t zero;     /* reserved */
 };

-uint64_t *__get_virtual(struct mman *, uint64_t *, int64_t, bool);
-uint64_t __clear_page(uint64_t);
-uint64_t __new_page(struct mman *);
-void __map_phdrs(struct mman *, uint64_t *, uint64_t);
+struct thatispacked PageTable {
+  uint64_t p[512];
+} forcealign(PAGESIZE);
+
+extern struct PageTable g_pml4t;
+extern struct GlobalDescriptorTable gdt;
+
+extern const unsigned char kBiosDataArea[256];
+extern const unsigned char kBiosDataAreaXlm[256];
+
+extern struct SmapEntry e820map[XLM_E820_SIZE / sizeof(struct SmapEntry)];
+extern struct SmapEntry e820map_xlm[XLM_E820_SIZE / sizeof(struct SmapEntry)];
+
+extern uint64_t g_ptsp;
+extern uint64_t g_ptsp_xlm;
+
+void bootdr(char drive) wontreturn;
+
+void smapsort(struct SmapEntry *);
+uint64_t *__getpagetableentry(int64_t, unsigned, struct PageTable *,
+                              uint64_t *);
+void flattenhighmemory(struct SmapEntry *, struct PageTable *, uint64_t *);
+void pageunmap(int64_t);
+
+forceinline unsigned long eflags(void) {
+  unsigned long res;
+  asm("pushf\n\t"
+      "pop\t%0"
+      : "=rm"(res));
+  return res;
+}

 forceinline unsigned char inb(unsigned short port) {
  unsigned char al;
@@ -196,22 +238,5 @@ forceinline void outb(unsigned short port, unsigned char byte) {
               : "a"(byte), "dN"(port));
 }

-#define __clear_page(page)                               \
-  ({                                                     \
-    long di, cx;                                         \
-    uintptr_t Page = (uintptr_t)(page);                  \
-    asm("rep stosb"                                      \
-        : "=D"(di), "=c"(cx), "=m"(*(char(*)[4096])Page) \
-        : "0"(Page), "1"(4096), "a"(0));                 \
-    Page;                                                \
-  })
-
-#define __get_pml4t()                 \
-  ({                                  \
-    intptr_t cr3;                     \
-    asm("mov\t%%cr3,%0" : "=r"(cr3)); \
-    (uint64_t *)(BANE + cr3);         \
-  })
-
 #endif /* !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0) */
-#endif /* COSMOPOLITAN_LIBC_RUNTIME_PC_H_ */
+#endif /* APE_LIB_PC_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2020 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "ape/lib/pc.h"
+
+textreal static unsigned smapcount(const struct SmapEntry *se) {
+  unsigned i = 0;
+  while (se[i].size) ++i;
+  return i;
+}
+
+textreal static void smapsorter(size_t n, struct SmapEntry a[n]) {
+  struct SmapEntry t;
+  unsigned i, j;
+  for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+    j = i;
+    t = a[i];
+    while (j > 0 && (intptr_t)t.addr - (intptr_t)a[j - 1].addr) {
+      a[j] = a[j - 1];
+      --j;
+    }
+    a[j] = t;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sorts BIOS e820 memory map.
+ */
+textreal void smapsort(struct SmapEntry *smap) {
+  smapsorter(smapcount(smap), smap);
+}
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #ifndef APE_MACROS_H_
 #define APE_MACROS_H_
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #ifdef __ASSEMBLER__
 /* clang-format off */

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@
 * @fileoverview Macros relevant to αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε.
 */

+//	Calls function in real mode.
+//	It's needed because LLVM 8 LLD doesn't support R_X86_64_PC16.
+	.macro	call16 name:req
+	mov	$REAL(\name),%ax
+	call	*%ax
+	.endm
+
 //	Calls near (i.e. pc+pcrel<64kB) FUNCTION.
 //	@mode	long,legacy,real
 //	@cost	9 bytes overhead
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
  In some cases it's necessary to use addend macros that change virtual
  addresses into the other two types: physical and real. */

-#define IMAGE_BASE_REAL 0x2000
-
 #ifndef IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL
 #define IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL 0x400000
 #endif
@@ -21,6 +19,26 @@
 #define IMAGE_BASE_PHYSICAL 0x100000
 #endif

+#ifndef REAL_SCRATCH_AREA
+/**
+ * Location of anything goes memory for real mode.
+ *
+ * The MBR won't load program content beyond this address, so we have
+ * room for buffers, page tables, etc. before we reach the stack frame.
+ */
+#define REAL_SCRATCH_AREA 0x40000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef REAL_STACK_FRAME
+/**
+ * Location of real mode 64kb stack frame.
+ *
+ * This address was chosen because memory beyond 0x80000 can't be
+ * accessed safely without consulting e820.
+ */
+#define REAL_STACK_FRAME 0x70000
+#endif
+
 /**
 * Returns Relative Virtual Address.
 */
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   Program Deprioritizer
+#
+# OVERVIEW
+#
+#   This is a drop-in replacement for the traditional Unix `nice`
+#   command that also invokes `ionice`, which is important, since
+#   network and traffic is usually what clobber the system.
+
+if [ -z "$IONICE" ]; then
+  if IONICE=$(command -v ionice 2>/dev/null); then
+    IONICE="$IONICE -c3"
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$NICE" ]; then
+  NICE=$(command -v nice 2>/dev/null)
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$IONICE$NICE" ]; then
+  echo "error: can't be nice" >&2
+fi
+
+exec $IONICE $NICE "$@"
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# -*- mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8 -*-
+# vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8              :vi
+
+echo c |
+  bochs \
+    -q \
+    -f ape/etc/bochsrc.dbg \
+    floppya:1_44=$1,status=inserted
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# -*- mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8 -*-
+# vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8              :vi
+#
+# bochs-scriptable executes a disk with serial uart stdio.
+#
+# USAGE
+#
+#   build/bochs-scriptable IMAGE...
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This script is useful for end-to-end testing metal apps in <100ms.
+#
+# SEE ALSO
+#
+#   build/boot(1)
+
+while getopts h X; do
+  case $X in
+    h)  exec less "$0" ;;
+    \?) echo "$0: bad arg" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+trap '' INT
+
+IMG=$1
+OUT=/tmp/$USER.$$.bochs.stdout
+ERR=/tmp/$USER.$$.bochs.stderr
+
+mkfifo $OUT || exit
+
+cat <$OUT &
+CAT=$!
+exec 4>$OUT
+rm -f $OUT
+
+echo c |
+  bochs \
+    -q \
+    -f ape/etc/bochsrc.ffs \
+    display_library:nogui \
+    floppya:1_44=$1,status=inserted \
+    >>$ERR 2>>$ERR
+RC=$?
+
+kill $CAT
+exec 4>&-
+rm -f $ERR
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
+#
+# OVERVIEW
+#
+#   Source File Concatenation Tool
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This program is the same as cat, but inserts preprocessor directives
+#   that allow compiler errors to point back to the original lines.
+
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+  cat
+else
+  for x; do
+    printf '# 1 "%s"\n' "$x"
+    cat "$x"
+  done
+fi
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ CONFIG_CCFLAGS +=		\
 	$(BACKTRACES)		\
 	-O2

-TARGET_ARCH ?=			\
-	-msse3
-
 endif

 # Debug Mode
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_CPPFLAGS +=		\
 CONFIG_CCFLAGS +=		\
 	$(BACKTRACES)		\
 	$(FTRACE)		\
-	-Og
+	-O2

 CONFIG_COPTS +=			\
 	$(SECURITY_BLANKETS)	\
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@ endif

 # Linux-Only Tiny Mode
 #
-#   - `make MODE=tinylinux`
+#   - `make MODE=tiny`
 #   - No checks
 #   - No asserts
 #   - No canaries
@@ -161,7 +158,7 @@ endif

 # Linux+BSD Tiny Mode
 #
-#   - `make MODE=tinylinuxbsd`
+#   - `make MODE=tiny`
 #   - No apple
 #   - No checks
 #   - No asserts
@@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ endif

 # Unix Tiny Mode
 #
-#   - `make MODE=tinysysv`
+#   - `make MODE=tiny`
 #   - No checks
 #   - No asserts
 #   - No canaries
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ endif

 # Tiny Metallic Unix Mode
 #
-#   - `make MODE=tinynowin`
+#   - `make MODE=tiny`
 #   - No checks
 #   - No asserts
 #   - No canaries
@@ -285,6 +282,11 @@ endif
 # such as MSVC or XCode. You can run your binary objects through a tool
 # like objconv to convert them to COFF or MachO. Then use ANSI mode to
 # rollup one header file that'll enable linkage with minimal issues.
+#
+# Lastly note that in some cases, such as gc(), there simply isn't any
+# ANSI workaround available. It's only in cases like that when we'll use
+# the __asm__() header workaround, rather than simply removing it. We do
+# however try to do that much less often than mainstream C libraries.

 ifeq ($(MODE), ansi)

@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@ TAGS ?= /usr/bin/ctags  # emacs source builds or something breaks it
 ARFLAGS = rcsD
 ZFLAGS ?=
 XARGS ?= xargs -P4 -rs8000
+NICE ?= build/actuallynice
 DOT ?= dot
 GZ ?= gzip
-CLANG = clang
+CLANG = clang-10
 FC = gfortran  #/opt/cross9f/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gfortran

 # see build/compile, etc. which run third_party/gcc/unbundle.sh
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ FTRACE =								\
 	-pg

 SANITIZER =								\
+	-fsanitize=leak							\
 	-fsanitize=address

 NO_MAGIC =								\
@@ -136,8 +138,6 @@ MATHEMATICAL =								\
 	-fwrapv

 DEFAULT_CPPFLAGS =							\
-	-DCOSMO								\
-	-DMODE='"$(MODE)"'						\
 	-DIMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL=$(IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL)			\
 	-nostdinc							\
 	-iquote.
@@ -299,6 +299,11 @@ OBJECTIFY.greg.c =							\
 	-fno-sanitize=all						\
 	-c

+OBJECTIFY.i386.c =							\
+	$(OBJECTIFY.c)							\
+	-m32								\
+	-wrapper build/i386ify.sh
+
 OBJECTIFY.ansi.c = $(CC) $(OBJECTIFY.c.flags) -ansi -Wextra -Werror -pedantic-errors -c
 OBJECTIFY.c99.c = $(CC) $(OBJECTIFY.c.flags) -std=c99 -Wextra -Werror -pedantic-errors -c
 OBJECTIFY.c11.c = $(CC) $(OBJECTIFY.c.flags) -std=c11 -Wextra -Werror -pedantic-errors -c
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-exec gdb -q -nh -i=mi $1                   \
-     -ex "set confirm off"                 \
-     -ex "add-symbol-file $1.dbg 0x401000" \
-     -ex "run"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   gcc -m32 -wrapper build/i386ify.sh -c -o foo.o foo.c
+#
+# OVERVIEW
+#
+#   Compiles 32-bit code inside 64-bit ELF objects.
+
+if [ "${1##*/}" = as ]; then
+  FIRST=0
+  for x; do
+    if [ $FIRST -eq 0 ]; then
+      set --
+      FIRST=1
+    fi
+    if [ "$x" = "--32" ]; then
+      continue
+    fi
+    if [ "${x##*.}" = s ]; then
+      {
+        printf "\t.section .yoink\n"
+        printf "\tnopl\t_start32\n"
+        printf "\t.previous\n"
+        printf "\t.code32\n"
+        cat "$x"
+      } >"$x".tmp
+      mv -f "$x".tmp "$x"
+    fi
+    set -- "$@" "$x"
+  done
+fi
+
+exec "$@"
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
+
+for x; do
+  printf '#include "%s"\n' "$x"
+done
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
+
+for x; do
+  printf '#include "%s"\n' "$x"
+done
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.lds: %.lds             ; @$(COMPILE) -APREPROCESS $(PREPROCESS.lds)
 o/$(MODE)/%.h.ok: %.h              ; @$(COMPILE) -ACHECK.h $(COMPILE.c) -x c -g0 -o $@ $<
 o/$(MODE)/%.h.okk: %.h             ; @$(COMPILE) -ACHECK.h $(COMPILE.cxx) -x c++ -g0 -o $@ $<
 o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.greg.c            ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.greg $(OBJECTIFY.greg.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
+o/$(MODE)/%.i386.o: %.i386.c       ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.i386 $(OBJECTIFY.i386.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%.greg.o: %.greg.c       ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.greg $(OBJECTIFY.greg.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%.ansi.o: %.ansi.c       ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.ansi $(OBJECTIFY.ansi.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%.ansi.o: %.c            ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.ansi $(OBJECTIFY.ansi.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
+#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
+#
+# OVERVIEW
+#
+#   SSH Command Wrapper
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   This script, like most of our wrappers, asks the tooling to whine
+#   less often.
+
+exec ${SSH:-ssh} -o LogLevel=QUIET "$@"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_C161_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_C161_H_
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

 #define EXTRA_SHARP 2
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_C161S_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_C161S_H_
 #include "dsp/core/c161.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

 forceinline pureconst artificial signed char C161S(signed char al,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/core/core.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "libc/assert.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "dsp/core/core.h"
 #include "dsp/core/q.h"
 #include "libc/dce.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_HALF_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_HALF_H_
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

 /**
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_KS8_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_KS8_H_
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

 /**
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_KSS8_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_KSS8_H_
 #include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

 /**
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"

 #define BIAS 0x84

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_Q_H_
 #define COSMOPOLITAN_DSP_CORE_Q_H_
 #include "libc/limits.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #if !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0)

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 .align	16

 //	Mixes audio.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/core/core.h"
 #include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/limits.h"

 /**
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 .source	__FILE__

 clamp4int256$core:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #include "libc/bits/initializer.internal.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 │  SOFTWARE.                                                                   │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/mpeg/mpeg.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"

 asm(".ident\t\"\\n\\n\
 PL_MPEG (MIT License)\\n\
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 #include "libc/limits.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/bsr.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/testlib/testlib.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "dsp/core/ks8.h"
 #include "dsp/core/kss8.h"
 #include "dsp/scale/cdecimate2xuint8x8.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/tty.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/bits/weaken.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/termios.h"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"

 //	TODO(jart): write me

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "libc/bits/initializer.internal.h"
 #include "libc/limits.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/quant.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"

 struct TtyRgb rgb2ttyi2f_(int r, int g, int b) {
  return rgb2ttyf((__m128){r, g, b} / 255);
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/quant.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"

 struct TtyRgb rgb2xterm24_(int r, int g, int b) {
  return (struct TtyRgb){MAX(MIN(r, 255), 0), MAX(MIN(g, 255), 0),
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/tty.h"
 #include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"

 /* TODO(jart): DELETE */
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "dsp/tty/itoa8.h"
 #include "dsp/tty/tty.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/limits.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 #include "dsp/tty/windex.h"
 #include "libc/assert.h"
 #include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/limits.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 #include "libc/calls/typedef/sigaction_f.h"
 #include "libc/calls/ucontext.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 .source	__FILE__

 //	Returns index of minimum uint16 in array.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 .source	__FILE__

 //	Returns index of minimum positive int16 in array.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 .source	__FILE__

 //	Dispatches to fastest windex() implementation.
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ void GetOpts(int argc, char *argv[]) {

 int cp(const char *src, const char *dst) {
  if (endswith(dst, "/") || isdirectory(dst)) {
-    dst = _gc(xasprintf("%s/%s", dst, basename));
+    dst = gc(xasprintf("%s/%s", dst, basename));
  }
  if (!force && access(dst, W_OK) == -1 && errno != ENOENT) goto OnFail;
  if (copyfile(src, dst, flags) == -1) goto OnFail;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"

@@ -7,23 +7,88 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
+#include "libc/bits/pushpop.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/ucontext.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/math.h"
+#include "libc/nt/enum/errormodeflags.h"
+#include "libc/nt/signals.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"

 /**
- * @fileoverview How to print backtraces and cpu state on crash.
+ * @fileoverview Demonstrates SEGFAULT via NULL pointer dereference.
 *
- *     make -j8 -O o//examples/crashreport.com
- *     o//examples/crashreport.com
+ * In MODE=dbg mode, UBSAN should catch this and display a backtrace.
+ * In most other modes, e.g. MODE=balanced, the oncrash.c sig handler
+ * will either launch GDB or display a very fancy report.
+ *
+ *     make -j8 -O MODE=opt o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
+ *     o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
 *
 * To prevent the GDB GUI from popping up:
 *
- *     export GDB=
- *     make -j8 -O o//examples/crashreport.com
- *     o//examples/crashreport.com
+ *     export GDB=""
+ *     make -j8 -O MODE=opt o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
+ *     o/opt/examples/crashreportdemo.com
 */

+int boo;
+
+void boop(void);
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  volatile int64_t x;
+  int64_t res;
  showcrashreports();
-  return 1 / (x = 0);
+  res = 0;
+
+  asm volatile("mov\t$0x1111111111111111,%rax\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x3333333333333333,%rcx\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x4444444444444444,%rdx\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x8888888888888888,%r8\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x9999999999999999,%r9d\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,%r10d\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,%r11d\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x0000000000000000,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm0\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x1111111111111111,%rax\n\t"
+               "push\t%rax\n\t"
+               "push\t%rax\n\t"
+               "movdqu\t(%rsp),%xmm1\n\t"
+               "pop\t%rax\n\t"
+               "pop\t%rax\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x2222222222220022,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm2\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x3333333333333333,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm3\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x4444444444444444,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm4\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x5555555555555555,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm5\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x6666666666666666,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm6\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x7777777777777777,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm7\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x8888888888888888,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm8\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0x9999999999999999,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm9\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm10\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm11\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xcccccccccccccccc,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm12\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xdddddddddddddddd,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm13\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm14\n\t"
+               "mov\t$0xffffffffffffffff,%rax\n\t"
+               "movd\t%rax,%xmm15\n\t"
+               "fldpi\n\t"
+               "xor\t%eax,%eax\n\t"
+               "div\t%eax\n\t");
+
+  return res;
 }
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/nt/thread.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  ssize_t rc;
  size_t got, wrote;
  unsigned char buf[512];
-  struct sigaction saint = {.sa_handler = GotCtrlC};
  fprintf(stderr, "This echos stdio until Ctrl+C is pressed.\n");
-  CHECK_NE(-1, sigaction(SIGINT, &saint, NULL));
+  CHECK_NE(
+      -1, sigaction(SIGINT, &(struct sigaction){.sa_handler = GotCtrlC}, NULL));
  for (;;) {
    rc = read(0, buf, BUFSIZ);
    if (rc != -1) {
@@ -7,25 +7,25 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/dns/dns.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/sock/sock.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/af.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/ai.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/ipproto.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/shut.h"
 #include "libc/sysv/consts/sock.h"
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
-#include "net/http/http.h"
-#include "net/http/url.h"
+#include "net/http/uri.h"

 /**
 * @fileoverview Downloads HTTP URL to stdout.
@@ -35,92 +35,50 @@
 */

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-
-  /*
-   * Get argument.
-   */
-  const char *urlarg;
-  if (argc != 2) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: %s URL\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  urlarg = argv[1];
-
-  /*
-   * Parse URL.
-   */
-  struct Url url;
-  char *host, *port;
-  _gc(ParseUrl(urlarg, -1, &url));
-  _gc(url.params.p);
-  if (url.scheme.n &&
-      !(url.scheme.n == 4 && !memcasecmp(url.scheme.p, "http", 4))) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: NOT AN HTTP URL: %s\n", urlarg);
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  host = firstnonnull(_gc(strndup(url.host.p, url.host.n)), "127.0.0.1");
-  port = url.port.n ? _gc(strndup(url.port.p, url.port.n)) : "80";
-  port = _gc(xasprintf("%hu", atoi(port)));
-  if (!IsAcceptableHost(host, -1)) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: INVALID HOST: %s\n", urlarg);
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  url.fragment.p = 0, url.fragment.n = 0;
-  url.scheme.p = 0, url.scheme.n = 0;
-  url.user.p = 0, url.user.n = 0;
-  url.pass.p = 0, url.pass.n = 0;
-  url.host.p = 0, url.host.n = 0;
-  url.port.p = 0, url.port.n = 0;
-  if (!url.path.n || url.path.p[0] != '/') {
-    char *p = _gc(xmalloc(1 + url.path.n));
-    mempcpy(mempcpy(p, "/", 1), url.path.p, url.path.n);
-    url.path.p = p;
-    ++url.path.n;
-  }
-
-  /*
-   * Create HTTP message.
-   */
-  const char *msg;
-  msg = _gc(xasprintf("GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
-                      "Host: %s:%s\r\n"
-                      "Connection: close\r\n"
-                      "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
-                      "Accept: text/plain; */*\r\n"
-                      "Accept-Encoding: identity\r\n"
-                      "User-Agent: github.com/jart/cosmopolitan\r\n"
-                      "\r\n",
-                      _gc(EncodeUrl(&url, 0)), host, port));
-
-  /*
-   * Perform DNS lookup.
-   */
+  int sock;
+  ssize_t rc;
+  unsigned long need;
+  struct UriSlice path;
+  size_t i, got, toto, msglen;
+  char buf[1500], host[256], port[7];
+  const char *url, *msg, *pathstr, *crlfcrlf, *contentlength;
+  struct UriSlice us[16];
+  struct Uri u = {.segs.p = us, .segs.n = ARRAYLEN(us)};
  struct addrinfo *addr, *addrs;
  struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET,
                           .ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM,
                           .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP,
                           .ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV};
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: %s URL\n", argv[0]);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  url = argv[1];
+  CHECK_NE(-1, uriparse(&u, url, strlen(url)), "BAD URL: %`'s", url);
+  CHECK_EQ(kUriSchemeHttp, urischeme(u.scheme, url));
+  urislice2cstr(host, sizeof(host), u.host, url, "127.0.0.1");
+  urislice2cstr(port, sizeof(port), u.port, url, "80");
+  path = uripath(&u);
+  pathstr = path.n ? url + path.i : "/";
+  msg = gc(xstrcat("GET ", pathstr,
+                   " HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                   "Host: ",
+                   host,
+                   "\r\n"
+                   "Connection: close\r\n"
+                   "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
+                   "Accept: text/plain; */*\r\n"
+                   "Accept-Encoding: identity\r\n"
+                   "User-Agent: github.com/jart/cosmopolitan\r\n"
+                   "\r\n"));
+  msglen = strlen(msg);
  CHECK_EQ(EAI_SUCCESS, getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &addrs));
  for (addr = addrs; addr; addr = addr->ai_next) {
-
-    /*
-     * Send HTTP Message.
-     */
-    int sock;
    CHECK_NE(-1, (sock = socket(addr->ai_family, addr->ai_socktype,
                                addr->ai_protocol)));
    CHECK_NE(-1, connect(sock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen));
-    CHECK_EQ(strlen(msg), write(sock, msg, strlen(msg)));
+    CHECK_EQ(msglen, write(sock, msg, msglen));
    shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
-
-    /*
-     * Handle response.
-     */
-    ssize_t rc;
-    char buf[1500];
-    size_t got, toto;
-    unsigned long need;
-    const char *msg, *crlfcrlf;
    buf[0] = '\0';
    CHECK_NE(-1, (rc = read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf))));
    got = rc;
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@
 */

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  puts(_gc(xiso8601ts(NULL)));
+  puts(gc(xiso8601ts(NULL)));
  return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "dsp/core/core.h"
+#include "dsp/core/twixt8.h"
+#include "dsp/scale/scale.h"
+#include "dsp/tty/itoa8.h"
+#include "dsp/tty/quant.h"
+#include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/ioctl.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/winsize.h"
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/math.h"
+#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/map.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/termios.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "third_party/stb/stb_image.h"
+
+/**
+ * Hat tips go out to Hornet, CRTC, DESiRE, Hans Petter Jansson, Guihua
+ * Cui, Ming Ronnier Luoand anyone else Mister Rogers would describe as
+ * the The Helpers Of This World who've helped us learn more about the
+ * cool yet exceedingly difficult things possible to do with graphics.
+ */
+
+#define DIN99          1
+#define GAMMA          4.1
+#define GAMMA_A        .05
+#define GAMMA_B        50.
+#define GAMMA_C        .055
+#define COLORSPACE_SRC kSrgbD65ToXyzD50
+#define COLORSPACE_TTY kSrgbD65ToXyzD50
+
+#define SQR(X) ((X) * (X))
+#define DEG(X) ((X)*M_PI / 180)
+
+const double kXyzKappa = 24389 / 27.;
+const double kXyzEpsilon = 216 / 24389.;
+
+const double kSrgbD65ToXyzD50[3][3] = {
+    {.4360747, .3850649, .1430804},
+    {.2225045, .7168786, .0606169},
+    {.0139322, .0971045, .7141733},
+};
+
+const double kCieRgbEToXyz[3][3] = {
+    {.4887180, .3106803, .2006017},
+    {.1762044, .8129847, .0108109},
+    {.0000000, .0102048, .9897952},
+};
+
+const unsigned char kShadePct[] = {0300, 0200, 0100};
+const unsigned short kShadeRune[] = {u'▓', u'▒', u'░'};
+
+const unsigned char kAnsiTango[16][3] = {
+    {46, 52, 54},    {204, 0, 0},     {78, 154, 6},   {196, 160, 0},
+    {52, 101, 164},  {117, 80, 123},  {6, 152, 154},  {211, 215, 207},
+    {85, 87, 83},    {239, 41, 41},   {138, 226, 52}, {252, 233, 79},
+    {114, 159, 207}, {173, 127, 168}, {52, 226, 226}, {238, 238, 236},
+};
+
+const unsigned char kCga[16][3] = {
+    {0, 0, 0},     {170, 0, 0},    {0, 170, 0},    {170, 85, 0},
+    {0, 0, 170},   {170, 0, 170},  {0, 170, 170},  {170, 170, 170},
+    {85, 85, 85},  {255, 85, 85},  {85, 255, 85},  {255, 255, 85},
+    {85, 85, 255}, {255, 85, 255}, {85, 255, 255}, {255, 255, 255},
+};
+
+struct Blends {
+  size_t i, n;
+  struct Blend {
+    unsigned char color[4];
+    unsigned char bg, fg;
+    unsigned short rune;
+  } * p;
+} blends;
+
+static double Gamma(double x) {
+  if (x < GAMMA_A) return x / GAMMA_B;
+  return pow(1 / (1 + GAMMA_C) * (x + GAMMA_C), GAMMA);
+}
+
+static void *LoadRgb(double rgb[3], const unsigned char pix[3]) {
+  rgb[0] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[0]);
+  rgb[1] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[1]);
+  rgb[2] = Gamma(1. / 255 * pix[2]);
+  return rgb;
+}
+
+static double Lab(double x) {
+  return x > kXyzEpsilon ? cbrtf(x) : (kXyzKappa * x + 16) / 116;
+}
+
+static void XyzToLab(double lab[3], const double d50xyz[3]) {
+  double Y, L, a, b;
+  Y = Lab(d50xyz[1]);
+  L = 116 * Y - 16;
+  a = 500 * (Lab(d50xyz[0]) - Y);
+  b = 200 * (Y - Lab(d50xyz[2]));
+  lab[0] = L, lab[1] = a, lab[2] = b;
+}
+
+static void XyzToDin99d(unsigned char din99d[3], const double d50xyz[3]) {
+  double e, f, G, C, h, xyz[3], lab[3];
+  memcpy(xyz, d50xyz, sizeof(xyz));
+  xyz[0] = 1.12f * xyz[0] - .12f * xyz[2];
+  XyzToLab(lab, xyz);
+  e = (+lab[1] * cosf(DEG(50)) + lab[2] * sinf(DEG(50)));
+  f = (-lab[1] * sinf(DEG(50)) + lab[2] + cosf(DEG(50))) * 1.14;
+  G = sqrtf(SQR(e) + SQR(f));
+  C = logf(1 + .06 * G) * 22.5f;
+  h = atan2f(f, e) + DEG(50);
+  h = fmodf(h, DEG(360));
+  if (h < 0) h += DEG(360);
+  din99d[0] = MIN(255, MAX(0, 325.22f * logf(1 + .0036 * lab[0]) * 2.5f));
+  din99d[1] = MIN(255, MAX(0, C * cos(h) * 2.5f + 128));
+  din99d[2] = MIN(255, MAX(0, C * sin(h) * 2.5f + 128));
+}
+
+static void AddColor(int bg, int fg, int rune, int r, int g, int b, int x) {
+  int i;
+  if (blends.i) {
+    for (i = blends.i; --i;) {
+      if (blends.p[i].color[0] == r && blends.p[i].color[1] == g &&
+          blends.p[i].color[2] == b) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  CHECK_NE(
+      -1,
+      APPEND(&blends.p, &blends.i, &blends.n,
+             (&(struct Blend){
+                 .bg = bg, .fg = fg, .rune = rune, .color = {r, g, b, x}})));
+}
+
+static void AddBlend(int bgxterm, int fgxterm, int rune, int shade,
+                     const unsigned char bgrgb[4],
+                     const unsigned char fgrgb[4]) {
+  AddColor(bgxterm, fgxterm, rune, twixt8(bgrgb[0], fgrgb[0], shade),
+           twixt8(bgrgb[1], fgrgb[1], shade), twixt8(bgrgb[2], fgrgb[2], shade),
+           0);
+}
+
+static void MakeBlends(const unsigned char palette[16][3]) {
+  int r, i, j, k;
+  double rgb[3], xyz[3];
+  unsigned char tab[256][4];
+  unsigned char cube[6] = {0, 0137, 0207, 0257, 0327, 0377};
+  unsigned char seqs[2][2] = {{16, 255}};
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+    tab[i][0] = palette[i][0];
+    tab[i][1] = palette[i][1];
+    tab[i][2] = palette[i][2];
+    tab[i][3] = i;
+  }
+  for (i = 16; i < 232; ++i) {
+    tab[i][0] = cube[((i - 020) / 044) % 6];
+    tab[i][1] = cube[((i - 020) / 6) % 6];
+    tab[i][2] = cube[(i - 020) % 6];
+    tab[i][3] = i;
+  }
+  for (i = 232; i < 256; ++i) {
+    tab[i][0] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
+    tab[i][1] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
+    tab[i][2] = 8 + (i - 232) * 10;
+    tab[i][3] = i;
+  }
+#if DIN99
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+    LoadRgb(rgb, tab[i]);
+    vmatmul3(xyz, rgb, COLORSPACE_TTY);
+    XyzToDin99d(tab[i], xyz);
+  }
+#endif
+  for (r = 0; r < ARRAYLEN(seqs); ++r) {
+    for (i = seqs[r][0]; i <= seqs[r][1]; ++i) {
+      for (j = seqs[r][0]; j <= seqs[r][1]; ++j) {
+        if (i == j) {
+          AddColor(i, 0, 0, tab[i][0], tab[i][1], tab[i][2], 0);
+        } else {
+          for (k = 0; k < ARRAYLEN(kShadeRune); ++k) {
+            AddBlend(i, j, kShadeRune[k], kShadePct[k], tab[i], tab[j]);
+            AddBlend(j, i, kShadeRune[k], kShadePct[k], tab[j], tab[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static int PickColor(unsigned char color[3]) {
+  int i, best, least, dist;
+  best = -1;
+  least = INT_MAX;
+  for (i = 0; i < blends.i; ++i) {
+    dist = SQR(blends.p[i].color[0] - color[0]) +
+           SQR(blends.p[i].color[1] - color[1]) +
+           SQR(blends.p[i].color[2] - color[2]);
+    if (dist < least) {
+      least = dist;
+      best = i;
+    }
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+static void SetBg(int x) {
+  if (0 <= x && x < 16) {
+    if (x < 8) {
+      x += 40;
+    } else {
+      x -= 8;
+      x *= 100;
+    }
+    printf("\e[%dm", x);
+  } else {
+    /* assert(false); */
+    printf("\e[48;5;%dm", x);
+  }
+}
+
+static void SetFg(int x) {
+  if (0 <= x && x < 16) {
+    if (x < 8) {
+      x += 30;
+    } else {
+      x -= 8;
+      x *= 90;
+    }
+    printf("\e[%dm", x);
+  } else {
+    /* assert(false); */
+    printf("\e[38;5;%dm", x);
+  }
+}
+
+static void PrintImage(long yn, long xn, unsigned char src[4][yn][xn]) {
+  int y, x, c;
+  double rgb[3], xyz[3];
+  unsigned char din99d[3];
+  for (y = 0; y < yn; ++y) {
+    printf("\n");
+    for (x = 0; x < xn; ++x) {
+      din99d[0] = src[0][y][x];
+      din99d[1] = src[1][y][x];
+      din99d[2] = src[2][y][x];
+#if DIN99
+      LoadRgb(rgb, din99d);
+      vmatmul3(xyz, rgb, COLORSPACE_SRC);
+      XyzToDin99d(din99d, xyz);
+#endif
+      c = PickColor(din99d);
+      if (blends.p[c].rune) {
+        SetBg(blends.p[c].bg);
+        SetFg(blends.p[c].fg);
+        printf("%hc", blends.p[c].rune);
+      } else {
+        SetBg(blends.p[c].bg);
+        printf(" ");
+      }
+    }
+    printf("\e[0m");
+  }
+  printf("\r");
+}
+
+static void *Deinterlace(long dcn, long dyn, long dxn,
+                         unsigned char dst[dcn][dyn][dxn], long syw, long sxw,
+                         long scw, const unsigned char src[syw][sxw][scw],
+                         long syn, long sxn, long sy0, long sx0, long sc0) {
+  long y, x, c;
+  for (y = 0; y < dyn; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < dxn; ++x) {
+      for (c = 0; c < dcn; ++c) {
+        dst[c][y][x] = src[sy0 + y][sx0 + x][sc0 + c];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return dst;
+}
+
+static void GetTermSize(int out_rows[1], int out_cols[1]) {
+  struct winsize ws;
+  ws.ws_row = 24;
+  ws.ws_col = 80;
+  if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1) {
+    ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws);
+  }
+  out_rows[0] = ws.ws_row;
+  out_cols[0] = ws.ws_col;
+}
+
+static void ProcessImage(long syn, long sxn, unsigned char img[syn][sxn][4]) {
+  int dyn, dxn;
+  double ry, rx;
+  GetTermSize(&dyn, &dxn);
+  ry = syn, rx = sxn;
+  ry /= dyn, rx /= dxn;
+  PrintImage(
+      dyn, dxn,
+      EzGyarados(4, dyn, dxn, gc(xmemalign(32, dyn * dxn * 4)), 4, syn, sxn,
+                 Deinterlace(4, syn, sxn, gc(xmemalign(32, syn * sxn * 4)), syn,
+                             sxn, 4, img, syn, sxn, 0, 0, 0),
+                 0, 4, dyn, dxn, syn, sxn, ry, rx, 0, 0));
+}
+
+static void WithImageFile(const char *path,
+                          void fn(long yn, long xn,
+                                  unsigned char src[yn][xn][4])) {
+  struct stat st;
+  void *map, *data;
+  int fd, yn, xn, cn;
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)), "%s", path);
+  CHECK_NE(-1, fstat(fd, &st));
+  CHECK_GT(st.st_size, 0);
+  CHECK_LE(st.st_size, INT_MAX);
+  CHECK_NE(MAP_FAILED,
+           (map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)));
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(
+      (data = stbi_load_from_memory(map, st.st_size, &xn, &yn, NULL, 4)), "%s",
+      path);
+  CHECK_NE(-1, munmap(map, st.st_size));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
+  fn(yn, xn, data);
+  free(data);
+}
+
+static void PrintData(void) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < blends.i; ++i) {
+    printf("%3d %3d %3d %3d %3d %d\n", blends.p[i].color[0],
+           blends.p[i].color[1], blends.p[i].color[2], blends.p[i].bg,
+           blends.p[i].fg, blends.p[i].rune);
+  }
+}
+
+void *OpenRgbMap(const char *path) {
+  int fd;
+  void *map;
+  size_t size;
+  size = 256 * 256 * 256 * 3;
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644)));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, ftruncate(fd, size));
+  CHECK_NE(MAP_FAILED,
+           (map = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
+  return map;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int i;
+  MakeBlends(kCga);
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+    WithImageFile(argv[i], ProcessImage);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ EXAMPLES_BINS =							\
 	$(EXAMPLES_COMS:%=%.dbg)

 EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
+	APE_LIB							\
 	DSP_CORE						\
 	DSP_SCALE						\
 	DSP_TTY							\
@@ -69,12 +70,10 @@ EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS =						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_DLMALLOC					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GDTOA					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_GETOPT					\
-	THIRD_PARTY_LUA						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_MUSL					\
 	THIRD_PARTY_STB						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_XED						\
 	THIRD_PARTY_ZLIB					\
-	TOOL_BUILD_LIB						\
 	TOOL_VIZ_LIB

 EXAMPLES_DEPS :=						\
@@ -82,6 +81,7 @@ EXAMPLES_DEPS :=						\

 o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_OBJS)				\
+		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE_A).pkg			\
 		$(foreach x,$(EXAMPLES_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)

 o/$(MODE)/examples/unbourne.o:					\
@@ -96,10 +96,11 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/%.com.dbg:					\
 		$(APE)
 	@$(APELINK)

-o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.com.dbg:				\
+o/$(MODE)/examples/hellojs.com.dbg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)				\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.o			\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.lua.zip.o		\
+		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE)				\
+		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellojs.o			\
+		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.js.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg			\
 		$(CRT)						\
 		$(APE)
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/ispell.com.dbg:				\

 o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com.dbg:				\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)				\
+		$(THIRD_PARTY_DUKTAPE)				\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.o			\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/mario.nes.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/zelda.nes.zip.o		\
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  if (argc < 2) return 1;
+  execv(argv[1], argv + 1);
+  abort();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/itimerval.h"
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/log/color.internal.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/math.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/itimer.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/time/time.h"
+
+static const struct itimerval kTimer = {{0, 10000}, {0, 10000}}; /* 10ms */
+static volatile bool32 showprogress_;
+static const char *magic_;
+
+void OnInterrupt(int sig) {
+  showprogress_ = true;
+}
+
+void ShowProgress(uintmax_t i, uintmax_t j, uintmax_t n) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s%,40jd%,40jd%,40jd\r\n", magic_, i, j, n);
+  showprogress_ = false;
+}
+
+static bool IsPrime(uintmax_t i) {
+  uintmax_t j, n;
+  for (j = 3, n = (unsigned long)floorl(sqrtl(i)); j <= n; j += 2) {
+    if (showprogress_) ShowProgress(i, j, n);
+    if (i % j == 0) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void TryNumber(uintmax_t x, uintmax_t i) {
+  if (IsPrime(i)) {
+    printf("%s%,jd%s%,jd\n", "the prime nearest ", x, " is ", i);
+    exit(0);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  uintmax_t x, i, j;
+  CHECK_EQ(2, argc);
+  signal(SIGALRM, OnInterrupt);
+  setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &kTimer, NULL);
+  magic_ = cancolor() ? "\e[F\e[K" : "";
+  if ((x = strtoumax(argv[1], NULL, 0)) % 2 == 0) ++x;
+  TryNumber(x, x);
+  for (i = x, j = x;;) {
+    if (i < UINTMAX_MAX) TryNumber(x, i), i += 2;
+    if (j > 1) TryNumber(x, j), j -= 2;
+  }
+}
@@ -7,24 +7,12 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
-#include "third_party/lua/lauxlib.h"
-#include "third_party/lua/lualib.h"
-
-int NativeAdd(lua_State *L) {
-  lua_Number x, y;
-  x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
-  y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
-  lua_pushnumber(L, x + y);
-  return 1; /* number of results */
-}
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  lua_State *L;
-  L = luaL_newstate();
-  luaL_openlibs(L);
-  lua_pushcfunction(L, NativeAdd);
-  lua_setglobal(L, "NativeAdd");
-  luaL_dofile(L, "zip:examples/hellolua.lua");
-  lua_close(L);
+  int pid;
+  pid = fork();
+  fprintf(stderr, "fork returned %d\n", pid);
  return 0;
 }
@@ -7,73 +7,9 @@
 │   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
-#include "libc/dce.h"
-#include "libc/nexgen32e/nt2sysv.h"
-#include "libc/nt/dll.h"
-#include "libc/nt/enum/cw.h"
 #include "libc/nt/enum/mb.h"
-#include "libc/nt/enum/sw.h"
-#include "libc/nt/enum/wm.h"
-#include "libc/nt/enum/ws.h"
-#include "libc/nt/events.h"
 #include "libc/nt/messagebox.h"
-#include "libc/nt/struct/msg.h"
-#include "libc/nt/struct/wndclass.h"
-#include "libc/nt/windows.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-
-/**
- * @fileoverview GUI Example
- *
- * Cosmopolitan has had a razor sharp focus on making sockets and stdio
- * work well across platforms. When you call a function like read(), it
- * will just work on platforms like Windows too. In order to do that we
- * need to support the WIN32 API, which you can use, but please note it
- * isn't polyfilled on other platforms in the same way as POSIX APIs.
- */
-
-static const char16_t kClassName[] = u"cosmopolitan";
-
-static int64_t WindowProc(int64_t hwnd, uint32_t uMsg, uint64_t wParam,
-                          int64_t lParam) {
-  switch (uMsg) {
-    case kNtWmDestroy:
-      PostQuitMessage(0);
-      return 0;
-    default:
-      return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
-  }
-}
-
-static void Gui(void) {
-  int64_t h;
-  struct NtMsg msg;
-  struct NtWndClass wc;
-  memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
-  wc.lpfnWndProc = NT2SYSV(WindowProc);
-  wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
-  wc.lpszClassName = kClassName;
-  RegisterClass(&wc);
-  h = CreateWindowEx(0, kClassName, u"Hello Cosmopolitan",
-                     kNtWsOverlappedwindow, kNtCwUsedefault, kNtCwUsedefault,
-                     kNtCwUsedefault, kNtCwUsedefault, 0, 0, wc.hInstance, 0);
-  ShowWindow(h, kNtSwNormal);
-  /*
-   * NOTE: Cosmopolitan linker script is hard-coded to change the
-   *       subsystem from CUI to GUI when GetMessage() is linked.
-   */
-  while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0)) {
-    TranslateMessage(&msg);
-    DispatchMessage(&msg);
-  }
-}

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  if (!IsWindows()) {
-    fputs("Sorry! This GUI demo only runs on Windows\n", stderr);
-    fputs("https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan/issues/57\n", stderr);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  Gui();
+  return MessageBox(0, u"hello world", u"cosmopolitan", kNtMbOk) ? 0 : 1;
 }
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"

 int main() {
+  /*
+   * Cosmopolitan's "Hello World" demonstrates a best practice.
+   *
+   * Since we conditionally link heavyweight features based on which
+   * characters are present in the format string, it's a good idea to
+   * have that string consist solely of directives.
+   */
  printf("%s\n", "hello world");
  return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+NativePrint('Hello world!\n');
+NativePrint('2+3=' + NativeAdd(2, 3) + '\n');
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #endif
 #include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/fileno.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"

 int main() {
-  printf("%`'s\n", "hello\1\2world→→");
+  dprintf(STDOUT_FILENO, "%s\n", gc(xasprintf("%'s", "(╯°□°)╯︵' ┻━┻")));
  return errno;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/errno.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+
+int main() {
+  printf("%s \n", "hello world");
+  return errno;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
+#include "third_party/duktape/duktape.h"
+
+STATIC_YOINK("zip_uri_support");
+
+static duk_ret_t NativePrint(duk_context *ctx) {
+  duk_push_string(ctx, " ");
+  duk_insert(ctx, 0);
+  duk_join(ctx, duk_get_top(ctx) - 1);
+  fputs(duk_safe_to_string(ctx, -1), stdout);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static duk_ret_t NativeAdd(duk_context *ctx) {
+  int i, n;
+  double r;
+  n = duk_get_top(ctx);
+  for (r = i = 0; i < n; i++) r += duk_to_number(ctx, i);
+  duk_push_number(ctx, r);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  int fd;
+  struct stat st;
+  const char *code;
+  duk_context *ctx;
+  showcrashreports();
+  ctx = duk_create_heap_default();
+  duk_push_c_function(ctx, NativePrint, DUK_VARARGS);
+  duk_put_global_string(ctx, "NativePrint");
+  duk_push_c_function(ctx, NativeAdd, DUK_VARARGS);
+  duk_put_global_string(ctx, "NativeAdd");
+
+  CHECK_NE(-1, (fd = open("zip:examples/hello.js", O_RDONLY)));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, fstat(fd, &st));
+  CHECK_NOTNULL((code = gc(calloc(1, st.st_size + 1))));
+  CHECK_EQ(st.st_size, read(fd, code, st.st_size));
+  CHECK_NE(-1, close(fd));
+
+  duk_eval_string(ctx, code);
+  duk_pop(ctx);
+  duk_destroy_heap(ctx);
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-print(string.format("2 + 3 = %g", NativeAdd(2, 3)))
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+
+char kTenFour[10] = {4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4};
+
+int main32(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  return argc;
+  if (memset(argv[0], 4, 10) != argv[0]) return 1;
+  if (memcmp(argv[0], kTenFour, 10)) return 2;
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
+#include "libc/dce.h"
+#include "libc/log/check.h"
+#include "libc/nexgen32e/rdtsc.h"
+#include "libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/clock.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/sig.h"
+#include "libc/time/time.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+#include "third_party/gdtoa/gdtoa.h"
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Measure CPU clock mystery constants.
+ * @note CPUID EAX=15h/16h is a joke
+ */
+
+const long double kInterval = 0.001L;
+
+long double start_;
+char dtoabuf_[3][32];
+volatile bool isdone_;
+
+void OnCtrlC(int sig) {
+  isdone_ = true;
+}
+
+long double now(void) {
+  return dtime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+}
+
+long double GetSample(void) {
+  uint64_t tick1, tick2;
+  long double time1, time2;
+  time1 = now();
+  tick1 = rdtsc();
+  nanosleep(&(struct timespec){0, 100000}, NULL);
+  time2 = now();
+  tick2 = rdtsc();
+  return ((time2 - time1) * 1e9L) / (long double)(tick2 - tick1);
+}
+
+void MeasureNanosecondsPerAlwaysRunningTimerCycle(void) {
+  int i;
+  long double avg, samp, elapsed;
+  start_ = now();
+  for (i = 1, avg = 1.0L; !isdone_; ++i) {
+    samp = GetSample();
+    avg += (samp - avg) / i;
+    dsleep(kInterval);
+    elapsed = now() - start_;
+    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[0], &avg, 15, 32, 0);
+    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[1], &samp, 15, 32, 0);
+    g_xfmt_p(dtoabuf_[2], &elapsed, 15, 32, 0);
+    printf("1c = %sns (last=%sns spent=%ss)\n", dtoabuf_[0], dtoabuf_[1],
+           dtoabuf_[2]);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  if (!X86_HAVE(INVTSC)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "warning: html can reprogram your microcode\n");
+  }
+  if (X86_HAVE(HYPERVISOR)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "warning: virtual machine rdtsc isn't great\n");
+  }
+  CHECK_NE(-1, xsigaction(SIGINT, OnCtrlC, 0, 0, NULL));
+  MeasureNanosecondsPerAlwaysRunningTimerCycle();
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void List(const char *path) {
  if (strcmp(path, ".") == 0) {
    vpath = "";
  } else if (!endswith(path, "/")) {
-    vpath = _gc(xasprintf("%s/", path));
+    vpath = gc(xasprintf("%s/", path));
  } else {
    vpath = path;
  }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #endif
 #include "libc/alg/alg.h"
 #include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/dirent.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/stat.h"
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void WalkPaths(const char *dirpath) {
    if (strcmp(e->d_name, "o") == 0) continue;
    if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".git") == 0) continue;
    if (e->d_type == DT_DIR) {
-      WalkPaths(_gc(path));
+      WalkPaths(gc(path));
    } else {
      CHECK_NE(-1, lstat(path, &st), "%s", path);
      f.mt = st.st_mtim;
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#if 0
+/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
+│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
+│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
+│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
+│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
+│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#endif
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
+#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/map.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/prot.h"
+
+/*
+  OpenBSD
+  00025ff61000 000000000000 65536
+  00026cf1d000 00000cfbc000 65536
+  000254d83000 ffffe7e66000 65536
+  0002c7bde000 000072e5b000 65536
+  000253ff9000 ffff8c41b000 65536
+  0002e96f3000 0000956fa000 65536
+  000236346000 ffff4cc53000 65536
+  0002ce744000 0000983fe000 65536
+  0002fe0b8000 00002f974000 65536
+  000225cd7000 ffff27c1f000 65536
+*/
+
+struct Mapping {
+  uint8_t *map;
+  size_t mapsize;
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  size_t i;
+  struct Mapping m[10];
+  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(m); ++i) {
+    m[i].mapsize = FRAMESIZE;
+    m[i].map = mmap(NULL, m[i].mapsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLEN(m); ++i) {
+    printf("%p %p %zu\n", m[i].map, i ? m[i].map - m[i - 1].map : 0,
+           m[i].mapsize);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/dns/dns.h"
-#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
-#include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/sock/sock.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/af.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/ipproto.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/poll.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/shut.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/so.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sock.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/sol.h"
-
-/**
- * @fileoverview netcat clone
- *
- * Implemented because BusyBox's netcat doesn't detect remote close and
- * lingers in the CLOSE_WAIT wait possibly due to file descriptor leaks
- *
- * Here's an example usage:
- *
- *     make -j8 o//examples/nc.com
- *     printf 'GET /\r\n\r\n' | o//examples/nc.com justine.lol 80
- *
- * Once upon time we called this command "telnet"
- */
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  ssize_t rc;
-  size_t i, got;
-  char buf[1500];
-  int err, toto, sock;
-  struct addrinfo *ai = NULL;
-  struct linger linger = {true, 1};
-  struct pollfd fds[2] = {{-1, POLLIN}, {-1, POLLIN}};
-  struct addrinfo hint = {AI_NUMERICSERV, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP};
-
-  if (argc != 3) exit(1);
-  switch ((rc = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hint, &ai))) {
-    case EAI_SUCCESS:
-      break;
-    case EAI_SYSTEM:
-      perror("getaddrinfo");
-      exit(1);
-    default:
-      fputs("EAI_", stderr);
-      fputs(gai_strerror(rc), stderr);
-      fputs("\n", stderr);
-      exit(1);
-  }
-
-  if ((sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
-    perror("socket");
-    exit(1);
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &linger, sizeof(linger)) == -1) {
-    perror("setsockopt(SO_LINGER)");
-    exit(1);
-  }
-
-  if (connect(sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
-    perror("connect");
-    exit(1);
-  }
-
-  fds[0].fd = 0;
-  fds[1].fd = sock;
-  for (;;) {
-    fds[0].revents = 0;
-    fds[1].revents = 0;
-    if (poll(fds, ARRAYLEN(fds), -1) == -1) {
-      perror("poll");
-      exit(1);
-    }
-
-    if (fds[0].revents & (POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP)) {
-      if ((rc = read(0, buf, 1400)) == -1) {
-        perror("read(stdin)");
-        exit(1);
-      }
-      if (!(got = rc)) {
-        shutdown(sock, SHUT_WR);
-        fds[0].fd = -1;
-      }
-      for (i = 0; i < got; i += rc) {
-        if ((rc = write(sock, buf + i, got - i)) == -1) {
-          perror("write(sock)");
-          exit(1);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (fds[1].revents & (POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP)) {
-      if ((rc = read(sock, buf, 1500)) == -1) {
-        perror("read(sock)");
-        exit(1);
-      }
-      if (!(got = rc)) {
-        break;
-      }
-      for (i = 0; i < got; i += rc) {
-        if ((rc = write(1, buf + i, got - i)) == -1) {
-          perror("write(stdout)");
-          exit(1);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (close(sock) == -1) {
-    perror("close");
-    exit(1);
-  }
-
-  freeaddrinfo(ai);
-  return 0;
-}
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
 #include "libc/assert.h"
 #include "libc/bits/bits.h"
-#include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/safemacros.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/itimerval.h"
 #include "libc/calls/struct/winsize.h"
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
 #include "libc/inttypes.h"
 #include "libc/log/check.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
-#include "libc/macros.internal.h"
+#include "libc/macros.h"
 #include "libc/math.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/ohmyplus/vector.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/sock/sock.h"
 #include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`print(string.format("2 + 3 = %g", NativeAdd(2, 3)))`