test(plugins): don't time the plugin host tests against the runner's speed

Three tests in crates/ide-host/tests/plugins.rs failed on slow CI runners
(main's last runs, #1226):

- The crash backoff test compared wall-clock waits between crashes, which
  polling and scheduling stretch (277 ms then 338 ms for 150 / 300 ms). It
  now checks that each crash is backed off and the third stops the plugin;
  the doubling is a unit test of `Limits::backoff`.
- The edit-path deadline test expected a call right after a slow one, and
  the first call to a restarted instance, to fit the 50 ms soft deadline.
  Those wait until the runner caught up.
- The concurrency test used a 300 ms budget for 200 ms calls; it now gives
  the calls a budget no runner misses and checks only that two 500 ms calls
  overlap (under 950 ms together).

.agents/skills/issue-fix/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+name: issue-fix
+description: Triage and fix a GitHub issue (or a user-reported bug) end to end — reproduce, find the root cause, generalise it to every sibling case, fix the class rather than the instance, verify, and open one PR. Use when given an issue URL/number or asked to fix a reported bug and open a PR ("看看这个 issue", "修一下这个 bug", "提 pr").
+---
+
+# Fix an issue: from one case to the whole class
+
+The reported case is one sample of a defect class. A fix that only makes the
+screenshot go away is not done: the next question is always "does this break for other
+languages / platforms / entry points too?". Answer that before anyone asks.
+
+## 1. Read and reproduce
+
+- `gh issue view <n> --comments` (repo `l0ng-ai/openidea`). Read attached logs/screenshots
+  closely: OS, language, toolchain versions, exact error text.
+- Locate the code path and confirm the claim in code, with `file:line` evidence.
+  Say plainly whether it is a real bug, a missing feature, or user environment.
+- Reproduce locally when possible (`fixtures/` projects, `/verify` for runtime). If the
+  reporter's platform (often Windows/Linux) can't be reproduced here, say so up front.
+- Do not ask for a generic environment/log checklist before trying the flow and inspecting the code.
+  Record the attempt and result; ask only for a fact that actually blocks the next diagnostic step.
+  Missing fields, limited time, or unavailable automation are not by themselves reasons to ask the reporter.
+- Treat a maintainer-confirmed bug as an investigation task even if local reproduction fails. Distinguish
+  “not reproduced here” from “not a bug”, and do not require the reporter to prove its existence again.
+
+## 2. Name the root cause as a class
+
+Write one sentence of the form "<mechanism> is missing/wrong, so any <X> hits it",
+not "<this button> is broken". Typical classes in this codebase:
+
+- Per-language config handled for one language only (`languages/*.toml`, `ide-sdk`).
+- Platform gaps: paths, executables, shells, `.cmd`/`.exe`, separators — macOS-only code.
+- Toolchain/version discovery: one probe location, no version check, no rescan.
+- Two features each implementing half a flow and never joined (feature isolation →
+  should go through an action/service).
+- State not reset on project switch / window reuse; events not scoped per window.
+- Failure surfaced as raw stderr/stack trace or retried until "crashed" instead of a
+  clear status with an action.
+- UI: same primitive styled differently in N places.
+
+## 3. Sweep for siblings
+
+Search systematically, not by memory:
+
+- Same pattern elsewhere: `git grep` the function, the config key, the error string,
+  the hard-coded path/flag. Check every `languages/*.toml` entry and every platform branch.
+- Same flow for other languages/runtimes (Java ↔ Kotlin/Gradle, Python ↔ venv/uv,
+  Node ↔ Deno/Bun, Go, Rust …): would they fail the same way?
+- Other callers/entry points of the same flow (menu, context menu, gutter, shortcut, CLI arg).
+- Neighbouring failure modes of the same mechanism (not installed / wrong version /
+  installed but crashes / slow start / installed mid-session).
+  For broad sweeps spawn one Explore agent with the class description, not the instance.
+
+## 4. Decide the fix at the right altitude
+
+- Fix the mechanism once (shared helper, action, config hook) so siblings are fixed
+  by construction; don't patch each call site.
+- Respect `AGENTS.md` rules (crate boundaries, no cross-feature imports, `IdeResult`,
+  UTF-16). If the right fix breaks a rule, pick the rule-respecting design and say why.
+- Compare with how established IDEs solve it when relevant; prefer the established answer.
+- Present: root cause, sibling table, proposed fix, what's deferred. When the user leaves
+  the choice to you, go ahead without asking again.
+
+## 5. Implement and test the class
+
+- Tests cover the class: table-driven over languages/platforms/states, not just the
+  reported input. Include the reporter's case verbatim.
+- Run the scoped checks (`pnpm vitest run <path>`, `cargo nextest run -p <crate>`), then
+  `/verify` in the app for UI or runtime behaviour.
+
+## 6. PR
+
+- One branch `fix/<slug>`, one PR unless the user asks otherwise; `Fixes #<n>` in the body.
+- Don't stage untracked IDE-state dirs (`.ideal/`, `.openidea/`) or screenshots.
+- PR body follows `.github/pull_request_template.md`: `Closes #<n>`, then
+  **What and why** (user-visible change + root cause at class level, 2–4 sentences),
+  **How it was verified** (commands run and results, siblings fixed/deferred, what could break and how
+  it was checked, what was not verified, e.g. "Windows not tested"; for UI changes the before/after
+  screenshot paths from `/verify`), **Review focus** (optional). Short and plain.
+
+## Report format
+
+Reply in the user's language:
+
+```
+Root cause: <one sentence, class level>
+Sibling sweep:
+| Location / case | Affected? | Action |
+Fixed / not covered (why) / not verified (platform)
+PR: <url>
+```

.agents/skills/verify/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+name: verify
+description: Build, launch and drive the OpenIDEA desktop app through the Tauri MCP bridge to verify a change at runtime.
+---
+
+# Verify OpenIDEA in the running app
+
+## Launch
+
+- Run the app from the worktree that holds the change: `pnpm tauri dev` in the background, logging
+  into your task's scratch subdirectory. Use `pnpm dev:app` instead when your checks call
+  `window.__TAURI__` from `execute_js`. The wrapper gives each worktree its own app identity, data,
+  settings and Vite port, so other worktrees and the installed app don't interfere. If it reports a
+  session already running for this worktree, reuse that one.
+- Once the app is up, `pnpm dev:status` lists this worktree's MCP bridges. Pass the reported
+  `appIdentifier` (the port) on every `mcp__tauri__*` call. The MCP server is shared between
+  sessions: never `driver_session stop` without an `appIdentifier`, and re-check `document.title` /
+  `location.href` before acting if anything looks off.
+- Make sure the binary contains the change: a session already running for this worktree may be an
+  older build. Restart it after Rust changes; frontend changes reload through Vite.
+- After the app restarts, `driver_session start` again for your port (a stale session says "Already connected").
+- If the `pnpm tauri dev` process exits while the app window stays open, Vite is gone and any webview
+  reload shows an empty `#root`. Stop that app and start the session again.
+- Stop everything you started when done and nothing else; never use process-name kills.
+
+## Driving
+
+- `manage_window focus` before screenshots / timing-sensitive steps: a background window throttles timers
+  (debounced LSP / VCS refreshes stall, `setTimeout` promises in `execute_js` time out) and native
+  screenshots come back black.
+- Settings is a separate native window `settings-main`; pass `windowId`, focus it before screenshotting.
+- CodeMirror / xterm ignore MCP `type`. Focus the element, then `document.execCommand('insertText', false, text)`.
+  For xterm Enter, dispatch a `keydown` (`key: 'Enter', keyCode: 13`) on `.xterm-helper-textarea`.
+- MCP clicks arrive with `event.detail === 0`; CodeMirror treats them as line-select clicks. Set the caret
+  through the view instead: `document.querySelector('.cm-content').cmTile.view`.
+- MCP `text` strategy can resolve to a hidden node; prefer coordinates (CSS px = image px × 0.9) or CSS selectors.
+- CSS-module edits often trigger a full page reload in dev: dialogs close, Run sessions and terminal
+  scrollback reset, and each reload spawns a fresh shell. Re-open what you were testing.
+
+## Evidence
+
+- For UI or interaction changes, capture `before.png` (on `main` or with the fix reverted) and
+  `after.png` at the same state and window size, into your task's scratch subdirectory. Multi-step
+  flows: a numbered series (`after-1.png`, `after-2.png`, ...).
+- Report the absolute paths; they go into the PR's **How it was verified** section and the triage
+  acceptance entry. Never commit screenshots to the feature branch.
+
+## Fixture
+
+`fixtures/` has sample projects (go-app, rust-app, ts-app, kotlin-gradle, polyglot). Copy one into
+your scratch directory before editing it, and don't commit the IDE state it creates (`.openidea/`).
+
+## Flows worth driving
+
+⌘⇧O Goto File · ⌘⇧F Find in Files (preview scroll + highlight) · ⌘⇧A Find Action · editor edit/undo/autosave ·
+Terminal (Unicode, venv) · Commit view at the default narrow width · Problems · Run → Stop · Project view
+New / Delete (nested `a/b.txt` names) · ⌘, Settings search (+ Keymap filter) · Git Log on a repo without commits.

.claude/skills/issue-fix

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/issue-fix

.claude/skills/verify

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/verify

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+name: Bug report
+description: Something in OpenIDEA doesn't work as expected
+labels: [bug]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for reporting! Keep logs and error messages exactly as they appear.
+
+        One problem per issue, please. If you have several, open one issue for each.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: checks
+    attributes:
+      label: Before you start
+      options:
+        - label: I searched [existing issues](https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and this hasn't been reported yet.
+          required: true
+        - label: I'm on the [latest release](https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/releases/latest), or I noted below that I can't update.
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    attributes:
+      label: Environment
+      description: |
+        Open **About OpenIDEA** (macOS: OpenIDEA menu; Windows/Linux: Help menu), click **Copy Info**, and paste it here. Also mention the project type if it matters (e.g. Gradle multi-module, Spring Boot, Go workspace) and whether you use remote development.
+      render: text
+      placeholder: |
+        About OpenIDEA
+        Version: 0.1.33
+        Build: ...
+        Platform: macOS aarch64
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to reproduce
+      description: Start from opening OpenIDEA or a project. A small sample project or snippet helps a lot.
+      placeholder: |
+        1. Open a Gradle project whose settings.gradle includes modules in a loop
+        2. Open the Gradle tool window
+        3. ...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: reproduction
+    attributes:
+      label: Minimal reproduction
+      description: A link to a small public repository, or the smallest files/snippet that trigger the problem. Optional, but it's the fastest way to get a fix.
+      placeholder: https://github.com/you/repro-project
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected behavior
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual
+    attributes:
+      label: Actual behavior
+      description: What happened instead. Screenshots or a recording are welcome.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs
+      description: |
+        Use **Help → Show Log in Finder / Explorer / Files** to find `openidea.log` and paste the lines around the problem, or attach the file. Include console output or error messages too. Check for tokens or passwords before posting.
+      render: text
+  - type: textarea
+    id: extra
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Anything else, such as whether it worked in an earlier version.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Download the latest release
+    url: https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/releases/latest
+    about: Many problems are already fixed. Please check the latest version before reporting.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+name: Feature request
+description: Suggest a new feature or an improvement
+labels: [enhancement]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        One request per issue, please.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: checks
+    attributes:
+      label: Before you start
+      options:
+        - label: I searched [existing issues](https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and this hasn't been requested yet.
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem
+      description: What are you trying to do, and what gets in the way today?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: proposal
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed solution
+      description: How you'd like it to work. Mockups or examples from other tools are welcome.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: acceptance
+    attributes:
+      label: Acceptance criteria
+      description: How we'll know it's done. One observable behavior per line.
+      placeholder: |
+        - [ ] Right-clicking a test class shows "Run with Coverage"
+        - [ ] Coverage results open in the Coverage tool window
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: Alternatives and workarounds
+      description: Other approaches you considered, or what you do now instead.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: extra
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Closes #
+
+## What and why
+
+<!-- 2–4 sentences: the change a user notices, and the root cause.
+     If it doesn't fit, the PR is probably too big; split it. -->
+
+## How it was verified
+
+<!-- Required. Commands you actually ran and their results; what else this could
+     affect and how you checked it still works.
+     UI changes: before/after screenshots. Multi-step interactions: a recording.
+     Backend changes: logs or command output. -->
+
+## Review focus
+
+<!-- Optional: anything you want reviewers to look at closely. -->

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -71,6 +71,57 @@ jobs:
       - run: cargo build --locked -p ide-host --bin openidea-server --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
       - run: target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/debug/openidea-server --version
 
+  # The plugin SDK, the official plugins and the test fixtures build in their
+  # own workspaces (the root excludes them), so the jobs above don't see them.
+  plugins:
+    name: Plugins (SDK, official, fixtures)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    env:
+      CARGO_TARGET_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/target-plugins
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with: { targets: wasm32-wasip2, components: "clippy, rustfmt" }
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          key: plugins
+          cache-directories: target-plugins
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
+      - name: Format, lint (host and wasm) and test each crate
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for dir in sdk/rust/openidea-plugin plugins/official/*/ crates/ide-plugin/tests/fixtures/*/; do
+            [ -f "$dir/Cargo.toml" ] || continue
+            echo "::group::$dir"
+            cargo fmt --check --manifest-path "$dir/Cargo.toml"
+            cargo clippy --locked --all-targets --manifest-path "$dir/Cargo.toml" -- -D warnings
+            cargo clippy --locked --target wasm32-wasip2 --manifest-path "$dir/Cargo.toml" -- -D warnings
+            cargo test --locked --manifest-path "$dir/Cargo.toml"
+            echo "::endgroup::"
+          done
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with: { version: 11 }
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with: { node-version: 22 }
+      # Plugin web pages (`web-src/`, their own pnpm projects): typecheck and test.
+      - name: Web pages typecheck and test
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for dir in plugins/official/*/web-src/; do
+            [ -f "$dir/package.json" ] || continue
+            echo "::group::$dir"
+            pnpm --dir "$dir" install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-workspace
+            pnpm --dir "$dir" exec tsc --noEmit
+            pnpm --dir "$dir" test
+            echo "::endgroup::"
+          done
+      # The host's tests run the checked-in components: they must be built from these sources.
+      # Web pages aren't checked in: this builds them and checks the result.
+      - name: Checked-in components are up to date, web pages build
+        run: plugins/build.sh --check
+
   deny:
     name: Cargo deny
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/pr-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+name: PR check
+on:
+  # pull_request_target so the check can label PRs from forks. It never checks out
+  # or runs PR code: it only reads the PR title and description.
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, edited, reopened, ready_for_review]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: pr-check-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    if: github.event.pull_request.user.type != 'Bot' && !github.event.pull_request.draft
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const pr = context.payload.pull_request;
+            const LABEL = 'needs-info';
+            const MARKER = '<!-- pr-check -->';
+            // Docs, CI and pure refactors may skip the linked issue.
+            const NO_ISSUE_TYPES = /^(docs|ci|build|chore|refactor|style|test)(\(.+\))?!?:/;
+
+            const body = (pr.body || '').replace(/<!--[\s\S]*?-->/g, '');
+            const problems = [];
+
+            const linksIssue =
+              /\b(close[sd]?|fix(e[sd])?|resolve[sd]?)\s*:?\s+(#\d+|https:\/\/github\.com\/[\w.-]+\/[\w.-]+\/issues\/\d+)/i.test(body);
+            if (!linksIssue && !NO_ISSUE_TYPES.test(pr.title)) {
+              problems.push('Link the issue this PR resolves, e.g. `Closes #123`.');
+            }
+
+            const verified = body.match(/^##+\s*How it was verified\s*$([\s\S]*?)(?=^##+\s|(?![\s\S]))/im);
+            if (!verified || !verified[1].trim()) {
+              problems.push('Fill in **How it was verified**: the commands you ran and their results. UI changes need before/after screenshots.');
+            }
+
+            const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+            const issue_number = pr.number;
+            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, { owner, repo, issue_number });
+            const existing = comments.find(c => c.user.type === 'Bot' && c.body.includes(MARKER));
+            const labeled = pr.labels.some(l => l.name === LABEL);
+
+            if (problems.length) {
+              const text = `${MARKER}\nThanks for the PR. Before review, please update the description (see [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)):\n\n${problems.map(p => `- ${p}`).join('\n')}\n\nThis check reruns when you edit the description.`;
+              if (existing) {
+                await github.rest.issues.updateComment({ owner, repo, comment_id: existing.id, body: text });
+              } else {
+                await github.rest.issues.createComment({ owner, repo, issue_number, body: text });
+              }
+              if (!labeled) {
+                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({ owner, repo, issue_number, labels: [LABEL] });
+              }
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Only undo what this check did: the label is cleared only when our comment exists.
+            if (existing) {
+              await github.rest.issues.deleteComment({ owner, repo, comment_id: existing.id });
+              if (labeled) {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({ owner, repo, issue_number, name: LABEL }).catch(() => {});
+              }
+            }

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -70,6 +70,12 @@ jobs:
           - name: Linux x64
             os: ubuntu-22.04
             target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - name: Linux arm64
+            os: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+            target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - name: Windows arm64
+            os: windows-11-arm
+            target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
           - name: Windows x64
             os: windows-latest
             target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
@@ -174,6 +180,69 @@ jobs:
           if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null; then sha256sum "$ASSET"; else shasum -a 256 "$ASSET"; fi > "$ASSET.sha256"
           gh release upload "$TAG" "$ASSET" "$ASSET.sha256" --clobber
 
+  # The official plugins, signed, and the marketplace index released apps read
+  # (releases/latest/download/plugins-index.json). They are not in the
+  # installers: users install them from Settings › Plugins. Without the
+  # signing key (secret PLUGIN_SIGNING_KEY: the file `openidea-plugin keygen`
+  # writes) nothing is published and the release goes on.
+  plugins:
+    needs: create-release
+    name: Official plugins
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    env:
+      SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.PLUGIN_SIGNING_KEY }}
+    steps:
+      - id: key
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "$SIGNING_KEY" ]; then
+            echo "::warning::PLUGIN_SIGNING_KEY is not set: the official plugins are not published"
+            echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        with: { ref: "${{ env.TAG }}" }
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        with: { targets: wasm32-wasip2 }
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        with: { key: release-plugins }
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        with: { version: 11 }
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        with: { node-version: 22 }
+      # Builds the web pages; fails when a checked-in component isn't built from these sources.
+      - name: Build
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          plugins/build.sh --check
+          cargo build --release --locked -p ide-host --bin openidea-plugin
+      - name: Pack, index and upload
+        if: steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          tool="$PWD/target/release/openidea-plugin"
+          key="$RUNNER_TEMP/openidea.key"
+          out="$RUNNER_TEMP/market"
+          (umask 077 && printf '%s' "$SIGNING_KEY" > "$key")
+          trap 'rm -f "$key"' EXIT
+          mkdir -p "$out"
+          for dir in plugins/official/*/; do
+            id="$(sed -n 's/^id *= *"\(.*\)".*/\1/p' "$dir/plugin.toml" | head -1)"
+            version="$(sed -n 's/^version *= *"\(.*\)".*/\1/p' "$dir/plugin.toml" | head -1)"
+            "$tool" pack "$dir" --key "$key" --publisher openidea --out "$out/$id-$version.oiplugin"
+          done
+          # The published index's revocations and earlier keys carry over.
+          curl -fsSL "https://github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/releases/latest/download/plugins-index.json" \
+            -o "$out/plugins-index.json" || rm -f "$out/plugins-index.json"
+          "$tool" index "$out" --publisher openidea --name OpenIDEA --key "$key" --out "$out/plugins-index.json"
+          gh release upload "$TAG" "$out"/*.oiplugin "$out/plugins-index.json" --clobber
+
   # The updater manifest (latest.json), built once from the signed bundles every build uploaded.
   # Fails when a platform is missing, so a release never ships a manifest without it.
   updater-manifest:
@@ -196,11 +265,16 @@ jobs:
             }
             // Bundle suffix → updater platform keys, as tauri-action names them.
             const kinds = [
+              [/_aarch64\.AppImage$/, ["linux-aarch64", "linux-aarch64-appimage"]],
+              [/_arm64\.deb$/, ["linux-aarch64-deb"]],
+              [/\.aarch64\.rpm$/, ["linux-aarch64-rpm"]],
               [/_amd64\.AppImage$/, ["linux-x86_64", "linux-x86_64-appimage"]],
               [/_amd64\.deb$/, ["linux-x86_64-deb"]],
               [/\.x86_64\.rpm$/, ["linux-x86_64-rpm"]],
               [/_aarch64\.app\.tar\.gz$/, ["darwin-aarch64", "darwin-aarch64-app"]],
               [/_x64\.app\.tar\.gz$/, ["darwin-x86_64", "darwin-x86_64-app"]],
+              [/_arm64_en-US\.msi$/, ["windows-aarch64", "windows-aarch64-msi"]],
+              [/_arm64-setup\.exe$/, ["windows-aarch64-nsis"]],
               [/_x64_en-US\.msi$/, ["windows-x86_64", "windows-x86_64-msi"]],
               [/_x64-setup\.exe$/, ["windows-x86_64-nsis"]],
             ];
@@ -232,7 +306,7 @@ jobs:
             core.info(`latest.json: ${Object.keys(platforms).sort().join(", ")}`);
 
   publish:
-    needs: [create-release, build, server, updater-manifest]
+    needs: [create-release, build, server, plugins, updater-manifest]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/github-script@v7

.gitignore

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ lerna-debug.log*
 node_modules
 dist
 dist-ssr
+# Plugin components are checked in (plugins/build.sh --check keeps them current).
+!plugins/official/*/dist
+!crates/ide-plugin/tests/fixtures/*/dist
 *.local
 
 # Editor directories and files
@@ -30,9 +33,13 @@ target/
 test-results/
 playwright-report/
 
-# Local AI agent files
-CLAUDE.md
-.claude/
+# Local AI agent files. Shared skills live in .agents/skills; .claude/skills links to them.
+CLAUDE.local.md
+.claude/*
+!.claude/skills/
+.claude/skills/*
+!.claude/skills/verify
+!.claude/skills/issue-fix
 
 # Local reference screenshots
 pycharm-screenshots/

.oxfmtrc.json

@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@
     "target",
     "src/bindings.ts",
     "src/editor/core/cm/angular/parser*.ts",
+    "src/editor/core/cm/jsp/parser*.ts",
     "docs/plugins/themes.md",
     "pnpm-lock.yaml",
     "**/*.toml",
     "fixtures",
+    "plugins/*/web",
+    "plugins/official/*/web",
     "crates/**/tests/fixtures"
   ],
   "overrides": [

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# OpenIDEA — contributor guide
+
+Rust + Tauri 2 desktop IDE with full-featured, multi-language code intelligence.
+Visual style: dark, low-contrast greys, one cool accent
+(`src/styles/tokens.css` is the source of truth for colours and metrics).
+
+## Layout
+
+- `crates/ide-*` — backend crates; one domain each. Depend on `ide-core` for shared
+  types; never reach into another crate's internals.
+- `src-tauri/` — glue only: `state.rs` (AppState / Project), `commands/<domain>.rs`
+  (thin typed IPC adapters), `events.rs`. No domain logic here.
+- `src/bindings.ts` — generated by tauri-specta (`pnpm gen:bindings`). Never edit.
+- `src/platform/` — ipc (`call`, `onIdeEvent`, `nextRequestId`), actions registry,
+  keymap + dispatcher, context keys / `when` clauses, project store.
+- `src/workbench/contributions.ts` — extension points (tool windows, status items,
+  overlays, editor kinds) and cross-feature services (editor, tool windows, notifications).
+- `src/ui/` — design-system primitives. `src/features/<name>/` — one feature each,
+  exporting `activate()` registered in `src/features/index.ts`.
+- `languages/<id>.toml` — language definitions (detection, comments, LSP, DAP).
+- `crates/ide-host` — the `openidea-server` binary for remote development.
+- `wit/` — plugin interface definitions; `plugins/` — sample and bundled plugins;
+  `templates/` — plugin starter templates.
+- `e2e/` — Playwright UI tests (`pnpm e2e`). `fixtures/` — sample projects per language
+  for manual and automated testing.
+
+## Rules
+
+- IPC coordinates: 0-based lines, **UTF-16** columns/offsets everywhere (`ide-core::text`).
+- Every command returns `IdeResult<T>`; convert internal errors at the crate edge.
+- Streaming → `tauri::ipc::Channel<T>`; cancellable → UI-allocated `RequestId` +
+  `cancel_request`. Backend → UI notifications → `IdeEvent` via `EventSink`.
+- Long work never blocks the UI thread or a Tauri command thread: use
+  `spawn_blocking`/rayon, honour `CancellationToken`.
+- Frontend features never import each other; communicate via actions, contributions
+  and services. All user-invocable behaviour is an action with a stable id; default
+  shortcuts live in `src/platform/keymaps/`.
+- Styling: CSS Modules + tokens only (no hex literals in components). Inline SVG
+  icons from `src/ui/icons.tsx`, never emoji. Real `<button>`/`<input>`; `aria-label` on icon buttons.
+- User-visible text goes through the text catalog: add every new string to both
+  `src/platform/locales/text/en.json` and `zh.json` (`textCatalog.test.ts` enforces it).
+  Other locales may lack entries; their UI shows the English text until a translator adds it.
+- Keep comments sparse and purposeful; match surrounding style.
+- For GUI verification, prefer Tauri MCP; use Computer Use only when Tauri MCP is
+  unavailable or cannot cover the required checks.
+
+## Issues & PRs
+
+Follow `CONTRIBUTING.md` and `.github/pull_request_template.md`: one issue per PR with
+`Closes #<n>`, reproduce first, keep the diff focused, short plain description, and a
+**How it was verified** section with commands run, results and (for UI) before/after screenshots.
+Unclear product decisions → `needs-decision` and stop.
+
+## Skills
+
+Shared agent skills live in `.agents/skills/` (`.claude/skills/` links to them):
+`verify` drives the running app through Tauri MCP and captures screenshot evidence;
+`issue-fix` takes an issue from reproduction to one PR.
+
+## Commands
+
+- `pnpm tauri dev` — run the app with worktree isolation (Node 22.18+).
+  `pnpm dev:app` also enables the global Tauri API. `pnpm dev:status` reports
+  this worktree's running MCP bridges and actual ports.
+- `pnpm build` — typecheck + bundle frontend.
+- `cargo nextest run --workspace` (or `cargo test`), `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings`, `cargo fmt --all`.
+- `pnpm test`, `pnpm e2e`, `pnpm lint`, `pnpm format:check`, `pnpm knip`, `pnpm typecheck`,
+  `pnpm gen:bindings`.
+- `pnpm perf` (UI interaction latency / frames / leaks), `pnpm perf:rust` (criterion
+  benches vs budgets). Budgets: `perf/budgets.json`.
+
+## Before opening a PR
+
+Run what CI runs for the parts you touched:
+
+- Rust: `cargo fmt --all --check`, `cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings`,
+  `cargo nextest run --workspace`. After changing IPC types, run `pnpm gen:bindings` and
+  commit `src/bindings.ts`; CI fails if it differs.
+- Frontend: `pnpm typecheck`, `pnpm lint`, `pnpm format:check`, `pnpm knip`, `pnpm test`,
+  `pnpm build`, and `pnpm e2e` for UI flows.
+- UI or runtime behaviour: verify in the running app (`.agents/skills/verify`).
+
+## Pitfalls
+
+- Run a subset of frontend tests with `pnpm vitest run <path>`. `pnpm test -- <path>` ignores
+  the filter and runs the whole suite, which takes several minutes.
+- Don't run clippy while iterating: `pnpm tauri dev` compiles anyway. Run
+  `cargo fmt --all` + `cargo clippy -p <crate> --all-targets -- -D warnings` once, right
+  before committing. A cold build cache can take around 5 minutes. Run long checks one at
+  a time, not chained in one shell call that may hit the 10-minute tool timeout.
+- `pnpm tauri dev` does a full debug build. Clippy only checks the code, so a passing clippy
+  doesn't make the first launch fast.
+
+## Parallel worktrees
+
+Several worktrees can be developed and run side by side.
+
+- Create one per task: `git worktree add ../<name> -b <branch> origin/main`, then
+  `pnpm install` in it.
+- Launch with `pnpm tauri dev` / `pnpm dev:app`, not the raw `pnpm exec tauri dev` CLI. The
+  wrapper starts Vite on a worktree-derived port (advancing if occupied), passes its actual
+  URL to Tauri, and reports an existing launcher instead of starting another for the same
+  worktree. HMR uses the Vite port.
+- Debug app identity, data, settings, logs and single-instance scope follow the canonical
+  worktree path captured at build time, independent of launch cwd. Launching the same debug
+  binary again focuses its existing instance and forwards its path argument. Different
+  worktrees and the installed release can coexist. `--release` uses normal release identity
+  and bypasses the development wrapper.
+- MCP bridge ports are dynamic (9223–9322). Use `pnpm dev:status`, connect to the reported
+  port, verify identifier/cwd, and pass `appIdentifier: <port>` explicitly. Do not assume the
+  default MCP session belongs to this worktree.
+- Keep each worktree's Cargo output directory separate; do not point `CARGO_TARGET_DIR` or
+  `target` symlinks at a shared directory.
+- Each worktree's first build is cold (around 5 minutes) and its Cargo output takes
+  15–30 GB. Avoid running several heavy builds on one machine at the same time.
+- Stop only processes started for the current worktree/session. Never use broad
+  process-name kills such as `pkill openidea`.
+- When done: stop that worktree's app and dev session, delete its build output, then
+  `git worktree remove ../<name>`.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+AGENTS.md

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Contributing to OpenIDEA
+
+These rules apply to everyone, and to any coding agent working on their behalf.
+Project layout, coding rules, commands and checks are in [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md).
+
+## Issues
+
+- One problem or request per issue. Use the issue forms.
+- Bugs: steps that reproduce the problem from a fresh start. A minimal sample
+  project is the fastest way to get a fix.
+- Features: state the problem and the acceptance criteria. A feature is ready to
+  build once a maintainer labels it `planned`.
+- Labels track status: `needs-info` waits on the reporter, `needs-decision` waits
+  on a maintainer, `planned` is accepted, `needs-acceptance` has a fix waiting to be
+  checked.
+
+## Pull requests
+
+- One issue per PR, linked with `Closes #123`. Feature PRs need a `planned` issue.
+  Docs, CI and pure refactors may skip the issue.
+- Reproduce the problem first, or write a test that fails before the fix.
+- Fix the cause, and check whether the same cause breaks anything nearby.
+- Keep the diff focused. Unrelated refactors go in their own PR.
+- Title: [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/), e.g.
+  `fix(editor): keep the caret visible after folding`.
+- Fill in the template. Keep the description short and in plain words. If it
+  doesn't fit in a few sentences, the PR is probably too big.
+- **How it was verified** is required: the commands you ran and their results,
+  and what else the change could affect. UI changes need before/after screenshots;
+  multi-step interactions need a recording.
+- If a change needs a product decision you can't make, ask in the issue and stop
+  rather than guessing.
+
+A check on each PR adds `needs-info` when the issue link or the verification
+section is missing, and removes it once they're filled in.

Cargo.lock

@@ -1145,27 +1145,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-assembler-x64"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c9c587da2696fbaa58e7a2fa2e5bfdd365d0928219f36992304ac1f15e5bc254"
+checksum = "249a61efca6a54425e027f5704a6f68a0232b4df527e05a3ef947d89dbdcb078"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-assembler-x64-meta",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-assembler-x64-meta"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f28a60027b7556b680b051651291053ec381edf4ffbc01784997ae51a64269bb"
+checksum = "d5336a46e05db2d515440b1ce8a9363e7bc04b608c0f66cc98dddc5492a66fbf"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-srcgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-bforest"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62bfdb846acebfd591d601994ea283c98d525ac0bc9a84ca3f2c36bcf5b69ff1"
+checksum = "01b3675b13214270fddbd257d5fbf4109be8b02d92fc636fe96e2829514a7235"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-entity",
  "wasmtime-internal-core",
@@ -1173,9 +1173,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-bitset"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "aa9f8cc1080739d5f72b4ee7e00aff7d589f1284beaf0a19472c07878be7f299"
+checksum = "d7c1d67aa02b6e174bd2b165c113e94af9498fcc20e2892d0f4d5ab8c9618d09"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_derive",
@@ -1184,9 +1184,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d85417d493ecec833b5134546b4a252c78cc0bd5be11729a35d25dcff9e4e70b"
+checksum = "26fe6f3ec5344c32602c414e986dcbe699fa501a3e3e7b02f887d9d12b14ae42"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "cranelift-assembler-x64",
@@ -1215,9 +1215,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-meta"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d01c8ed0098360bae69ad6b82952d4247516799ce8050d45ad168d6689f4eae6"
+checksum = "96c5e6323d458486d95781defdb5016a1176fc911d8bc8e64b696adbda6e9044"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-assembler-x64-meta",
  "cranelift-codegen-shared",
@@ -1228,24 +1228,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-shared"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04f9b86d809cec9c4e88b201f1b3ed3b0347674c9ccfbb8c355228669e34be81"
+checksum = "f1260aa93b0bd48e8e55c1c7fd9ff6a260f1a1bc46e1f0151a5055b124e5b15d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-control"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce182038fb10b719841e65fdf5deeee258c684f63439f5be680c2be059274b58"
+checksum = "50c179632a09850f81f1a1e9116cb09330c734a86689f3ee4c3f4ec81543acbd"
 dependencies = [
  "arbitrary",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-entity"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7bca812b03a7b942796391f25bc02aa70a1a007fee3ce2756490c788429e9c39"
+checksum = "d8c071188cb1c3b1803e23ae415a8d5f58d741d3a4b26a79b83dd61921112eac"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-bitset",
  "serde",
@@ -1255,9 +1255,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-frontend"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a0c30563d2aef95e8d1a00a920199c99117b350339599f0e9487a7a1cf5d59de"
+checksum = "e2b85ba0a55d7685117b275fe6f36c819d438862e4223d28f0b97902460ff0ac"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "hashbrown 0.17.1",
@@ -1268,15 +1268,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-isle"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9c54184333a275698edb1d3bdff226131a25d47133d792aa716e47e32b8b7f05"
+checksum = "20ed364edcaed769da7b2709d540f8f7d0ff257749ba193f475e22dba6a0178b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-native"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eb67a4c8a3180b5f1d77dffcd6317c05386ced42e5a31c7004523a9d99dc85c1"
+checksum = "418d98c3dce08f0d13526692bbd1888bff4c5f45207f5093d168b5a224fbc88c"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "libc",
@@ -1285,9 +1285,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-srcgen"
-version = "0.136.4"
+version = "0.136.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b533db1679b4b728568bd490da6533cf50974c48a4d7534e78f1e0e02bc39769"
+checksum = "4f016b9994e39cad68107f33fa5b8dcee8fb7e38332bde3f97690e5e8abe1b10"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crc"
@@ -2934,6 +2934,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gix-error",
  "gix-utils",
  "sha1dc",
+ "sha2 0.11.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4037,7 +4038,7 @@ checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-agent"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dunce",
  "encoding_rs",
@@ -4060,7 +4061,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-analysis"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ast-grep-core",
  "ide-core",
@@ -4074,22 +4075,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-build"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dirs 6.0.0",
  "dunce",
  "ide-core",
- "libc",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
  "tempfile",
  "tracing",
+ "zip",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-clipboard"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "objc2 0.6.5",
  "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
@@ -4098,10 +4099,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-core"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dunce",
  "encoding_rs",
+ "libc",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -4114,7 +4116,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-coverage"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "ide-run",
@@ -4128,7 +4130,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-dap"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "ide-jsonrpc",
@@ -4138,6 +4140,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
+ "tempfile",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -4145,14 +4148,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-db"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "bb8",
  "dirs 6.0.0",
  "futures",
  "ide-core",
+ "ide-http",
  "ide-ssh",
  "parking_lot",
+ "reqwest",
+ "rustls",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -4163,14 +4169,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-util",
  "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
  "tracing",
+ "uuid",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-docker"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
- "libc",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -4179,24 +4185,44 @@ dependencies = [
  "which",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ide-extension"
+version = "0.1.35"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "blake3",
+ "ed25519-dalek",
+ "ide-core",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "specta",
+ "specta-typescript",
+ "tempfile",
+ "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
+ "tracing",
+ "zip",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-fonts"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "objc2-core-foundation",
  "objc2-core-text",
  "serde",
+ "serde_json",
  "specta",
  "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-github"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "ide-vcs",
- "libc",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -4206,11 +4232,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-host"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "criterion",
  "dirs 6.0.0",
  "dunce",
  "encoding_rs",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "globset",
  "ide-agent",
  "ide-analysis",
  "ide-build",
@@ -4218,12 +4248,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "ide-coverage",
  "ide-dap",
  "ide-db",
+ "ide-docker",
+ "ide-extension",
  "ide-http",
  "ide-index",
  "ide-jsonrpc",
  "ide-language",
  "ide-lsp",
  "ide-notebook",
+ "ide-plugin",
  "ide-remote",
  "ide-run",
  "ide-sdk",
@@ -4237,21 +4270,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "ide-vcs",
  "ide-vfs",
  "ide-workspace",
+ "ignore",
  "parking_lot",
+ "quick-xml",
+ "regex-syntax",
+ "reqwest",
+ "rustix",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
  "specta-typescript",
  "tempfile",
  "tokio",
+ "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
  "uuid",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "zip",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-http"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -4269,7 +4310,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-index"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "blake3",
  "criterion",
@@ -4291,7 +4332,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-jsonrpc"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "encoding_rs",
  "futures",
@@ -4307,11 +4348,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-language"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "blake3",
  "criterion",
  "ide-core",
+ "ide-extension",
  "ide-text",
  "parking_lot",
  "regex-lite",
@@ -4362,14 +4404,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-lsp"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
  "futures",
  "globset",
  "ide-core",
  "ide-jsonrpc",
  "ide-language",
  "ide-text",
+ "ide-vfs",
+ "ignore",
  "lsp-types",
  "parking_lot",
  "percent-encoding",
@@ -4380,12 +4425,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
  "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
  "tracing",
- "which",
+ "zip",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-notebook"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "ide-core",
@@ -4408,17 +4453,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-plugin"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
+ "blake3",
  "ide-core",
- "ide-language",
+ "ide-extension",
  "parking_lot",
+ "semver",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror 2.0.21",
- "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
+ "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "wasmtime",
  "wasmtime-wasi",
@@ -4426,7 +4473,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-profiler"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "ide-run",
@@ -4439,7 +4486,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-remote"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "globset",
  "ide-core",
@@ -4456,13 +4503,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-run"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
+ "dunce",
  "encoding_rs",
+ "ide-build",
  "ide-core",
  "libc",
  "parking_lot",
  "portable-pty",
+ "quick-xml",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -4476,7 +4526,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-sdk"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dunce",
  "ide-core",
@@ -4490,13 +4540,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "toml 0.9.12+spec-1.1.0",
  "tracing",
- "which",
  "zip",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-search"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "criterion",
  "globset",
@@ -4516,7 +4565,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-spell"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "parking_lot",
@@ -4529,7 +4578,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-ssh"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dirs 6.0.0",
  "flate2",
@@ -4548,7 +4597,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-syntax"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "ide-language",
@@ -4563,7 +4612,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-terminal"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "libc",
@@ -4576,7 +4625,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-text"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "criterion",
  "ide-core",
@@ -4588,7 +4637,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-tools"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "hex",
@@ -4609,7 +4658,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-vcs"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "dunce",
  "encoding_rs",
@@ -4628,7 +4677,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-vfs"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "chardetng",
  "dunce",
@@ -4650,7 +4699,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-web"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "ide-core",
  "open",
@@ -4666,7 +4715,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-workspace"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
  "blake3",
  "dunce",
@@ -4676,6 +4725,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ide-text",
  "ide-vfs",
  "parking_lot",
+ "semver",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -5801,6 +5851,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2a180dd8642fa45cdb7dd721cd4c11b1cadd4929ce112ebd8b9f5803cc79d536"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2 0.6.2",
  "dispatch2",
  "objc2 0.6.5",
 ]
@@ -6136,11 +6187,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "openidea"
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 dependencies = [
+ "base64 0.22.1",
  "blake3",
+ "block2 0.6.2",
  "dirs 6.0.0",
  "dunce",
+ "gtk",
  "ide-agent",
  "ide-analysis",
  "ide-build",
@@ -6150,6 +6204,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ide-dap",
  "ide-db",
  "ide-docker",
+ "ide-extension",
  "ide-fonts",
  "ide-github",
  "ide-host",
@@ -6175,7 +6230,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "ide-vfs",
  "ide-web",
  "ide-workspace",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-web-kit 0.3.2",
  "parking_lot",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "security-framework",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "specta",
@@ -6193,6 +6255,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
  "tracing-appender",
  "tracing-subscriber",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -6797,9 +6860,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pulley-interpreter"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5cd3de43f4f4cff536de8902097edbdf749321b97dda548f36a37918eb85bba3"
+checksum = "1d74df9e20cba0f6dd07f01c3140535a6b23e40aecccfcacfb921621b41d0acb"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-bitset",
  "log",
@@ -6809,9 +6872,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pulley-macros"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8319a8fa5269b4895957f8795861c42822bd26218e495f70060a963323d94847"
+checksum = "8415513bfa407c06de6f11dbe9437f2352e075a5520ff491a131166d3d90aed1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -7076,6 +7139,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustls-platform-verifier",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
  "sync_wrapper",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls",
@@ -7434,6 +7498,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wait-timeout",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ryu"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "saa"
 version = "5.6.2"
@@ -7738,6 +7808,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_urlencoded"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3491c14715ca2294c4d6a88f15e84739788c1d030eed8c110436aafdaa2f3fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_with"
 version = "3.24.0"
@@ -9055,7 +9137,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
- "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
@@ -10341,9 +10423,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "36abb25de5518707e5ba96b586366b09db168d2d4976cb9dac57265a317497ea"
+checksum = "d45bf3b13781b9febb0eef42e1e145146c92ef891f345fd918e0e0fa1568c992"
 dependencies = [
  "addr2line",
  "async-trait",
@@ -10383,9 +10465,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-environ"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92f16a4d09fb1fbf2dcfeddb9818e1517a258e13b505b3bfdadcf47a19bf31ca"
+checksum = "833f00f3dc6128159284c5b71e211f24c97d45e052230a14f767fd830a6fb8b0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "cpp_demangle",
@@ -10414,9 +10496,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-component-macro"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4fca03bd4425856574c0807d1dee16fad43f947feaf4e9ae1d2129596ee4de4"
+checksum = "0d69c34412409072d2e8ec399101524c330e334ff313f77415e6984cc9c6a172"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -10429,15 +10511,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-component-util"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4006009fc3598af4e895ab18c6c33d2c6b7c657b1bd0a755ca7ee1abef6f0c16"
+checksum = "b168d39f2d6b896d89fe096afa4ccdd7a8e927b01469b590af84f02fca3126a1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-core"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "947a732ad659f42c10ec639706fc8cb1f068dd9a55eebde8a1f24dfd06dfa525"
+checksum = "7ad86a65d12c6a9202584ceb658c9a20cf5b25c32eed61c9be5e5f863f88f0d9"
 dependencies = [
  "hashbrown 0.17.1",
  "libm",
@@ -10446,9 +10528,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-cranelift"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fbfb8b455d524939e03df42e3e749f8e26e26ba2acd8b08fa00b3bda55686750"
+checksum = "a71f0fd1dd40e4e18d4a20cdba29ff8e0eb2c0f21b12c2eb5869e0fea789dd05"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "cranelift-control",
@@ -10472,9 +10554,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-fiber"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bd8aa8711f68b2cdd94c2b85ba5c8317edaa1ac4ee0a0534b957123680239307"
+checksum = "fa4dfa39e58735b24ce3d28bfc8c2b3041603cc8a941bb268395351beff90172"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "libc",
@@ -10486,9 +10568,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-jit-debug"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e873e4504faf50aa8ce255d6ea7210d87b39d5f379c2486782e2c5f179c70ca8"
+checksum = "f2eb98d4486c7b0163447d77dea06f3cc87e5e5ba5fc93613f8ec42e27ea181d"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "wasmtime-internal-versioned-export-macros",
@@ -10496,9 +10578,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-jit-icache-coherence"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "197ab1fda5da958a5c0b8a97eb241beafc48ac568b82ef4f12f38d6866c74173"
+checksum = "852cae234735d79db6c58fe0d04b32f4078ad01fdb3fd6d488ac366132ba9785"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "wasmtime-internal-core",
@@ -10507,9 +10589,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-unwinder"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5577f3a5a979a7c3b1b23c1e9f13e70a8583acc8828471ec56f282117fc4952b"
+checksum = "b9289378c82b9db7e7cf933d6bb441ad968536ac48f3f38c55b7cf9d3e8d87e1"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "log",
@@ -10519,9 +10601,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-versioned-export-macros"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f6399c9c4050ed431cf66e21c05fadd6f9731db44476f452f8c7142b4597b883"
+checksum = "cc5c60c732d99dbcc5d670b71ba6ccf2b015cd16fc828990eaad2c4b8805ebdb"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -10530,9 +10612,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-internal-wit-bindgen"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4eaf45d4da7681d234bb6efd846b4a528b08a75384a7fc23f125d0145364b06"
+checksum = "c77e4fcc7cd22772578458c5e233df47190ebc9b8b65788797d99a02787c9000"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
@@ -10544,9 +10626,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-wasi"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "821e45765c35555d3b0bdf9277cb99478f7d1f29a17b3315ba76e01220f02a38"
+checksum = "705b90d1fa1084cc73df656868948da77711b97f6b895d145a4949f86bcea674"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
@@ -10568,9 +10650,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmtime-wasi-io"
-version = "49.0.4"
+version = "49.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8cdff38d1c730bdaf4fcfbe0eedf3265fb9c7a4deb119deecbfc1c1778950716"
+checksum = "f3d2b6a255be488639f450b380e7e0923789f946de3463696cd30f2fe8a65cc3"
 dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "bytes",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "3"
 members = ["crates/*", "src-tauri"]
+# Plugins and the guest SDK build for wasm32-wasip2 in their own workspaces.
+exclude = ["sdk", "plugins"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.1.26"
+version = "0.1.35"
 edition = "2024"
 rust-version = "1.96"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ ide-ssh = { path = "crates/ide-ssh" }
 ide-remote = { path = "crates/ide-remote" }
 ide-host = { path = "crates/ide-host" }
 ide-notebook = { path = "crates/ide-notebook" }
+ide-extension = { path = "crates/ide-extension" }
+ide-plugin = { path = "crates/ide-plugin" }
 
 # serialization & IPC typing
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ ropey = "1.6"
 encoding_rs = "0.8"
 chardetng = "0.1"
 ignore = "0.4"
+base64 = "0.22"
 globset = "0.4"
 notify = "8"
 notify-debouncer-full = "0.6"
@@ -81,6 +86,7 @@ zip = { version = "9", default-features = false, features = ["deflate"] }
 # search, index, language
 grep-searcher = "0.1"
 grep-regex = "0.1"
+regex-syntax = "0.8"
 grep-matcher = "0.1"
 nucleo-matcher = "0.3"
 redb = "4"

README.md

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
    · 
   <a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a>
   &nbsp;·&nbsp;
-  <a href="#build">Build</a>
-  &nbsp;·&nbsp;
   <a href="https://discord.gg/2Zy4yn7gP">Discord</a>
 </p>
 
@@ -47,24 +45,6 @@ IDEA analyses Python more deeply, so "ready" doesn't mean the same work on
 both sides. Both are measured from the outside, the same way: see
 [`perf/compare`](perf/compare) to run it on your machine and projects.
 
-## Build
-
-```sh
-pnpm install
-pnpm tauri dev
-```
-
-Rust 1.96, Node 22, pnpm and the [Tauri prerequisites](https://v2.tauri.app/start/prerequisites/).
-
-Native notebook execution tests are opt-in and need two distinct Python environments
-with `ipykernel` installed:
-
-```sh
-OPENIDEA_TEST_PYTHON=/first/env/bin/python \
-OPENIDEA_TEST_PYTHON_SECOND=/second/env/bin/python \
-cargo test -p ide-notebook --test kernel_runtime -- --ignored --test-threads=1
-```
-
 ## License
 
 [Apache 2.0](LICENSE). Bundled third-party assets are listed in [`THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md`](THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md).

THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 # Third-party licenses
 
+## Project Lombok
+
+`plugins/lombok/lombok-1.18.48-openidea.2.jar` contains Project Lombok v1.18.48 with the Equinox
+classloader fix from [projectlombok/lombok#4059](https://github.com/projectlombok/lombok/pull/4059)
+and the ECJ constructor-call fix from [projectlombok/lombok#4089](https://github.com/projectlombok/lombok/pull/4089).
+Copyright (C) 2009-2021 The Project Lombok Authors. MIT license and bundled component
+notices are retained in [plugins/lombok/LICENSE](plugins/lombok/LICENSE) and inside the jar.
+Source tag, patch commits and build instructions: [plugins/lombok/README.md](plugins/lombok/README.md).
+
 ## JetBrains IntelliJ Platform icons
 
 `src/ui/expui/**` contains SVG icons from the IntelliJ Platform "new UI" (expui)
@@ -12,12 +21,13 @@ icon set, copied unmodified (some renamed) from JetBrains' open-source repositor
   `python/python-requirements` (`fileTypes/requirements`); `python/pipenv`
   (`fileTypes/pipenv`); `python/python-pyproject` (`expui/toml.svg` →
   `fileTypes/pyprojectToml`); `plugins/kotlin/base` (`fileTypes/kotlin`,
-  `kotlinScript`, `kotlinGradleScript`); `java/openapi` (`fileTypes/maven`);
+  `kotlinScript`, `kotlinGradleScript`, `icons/expui/objectKotlin` → `kotlin/objectKotlin`); `java/openapi` (`fileTypes/maven`);
   `plugins/markdown` (`fileTypes/markdown`); `plugins/toml` (`fileTypes/toml`);
   `plugins/terminal` (`toolwindows/terminal`); `plugins/maven`
   (`images/expui/toolwindow/maven` → `toolwindows/maven`, `images/expui/build/maven*`
   → `maven/`); `plugins/gradle` (`icons/expui/gradle` → `toolwindows/gradle`,
-  `icons/expui/gradleLoadChanges` → `build/gradleLoadChanges`);
+  `icons/expui/gradleLoadChanges` → `build/gradleLoadChanges`,
+  `icons/expui/gradle`, `icons/gradleSubproject` → `gradle/`);
   `platform/external-system-impl` (`icons/newui/task` → `externalSystem/task`).
   Copyright 2000-2026 JetBrains s.r.o. and contributors. Apache License 2.0 (below).
 - [intellij-plugins](https://github.com/JetBrains/intellij-plugins) (each plugin
@@ -26,6 +36,20 @@ icon set, copied unmodified (some renamed) from JetBrains' open-source repositor
   `fileTypes/hashiCorp`, Apache-2.0); `makefile` (`expui/makefile` →
   `fileTypes/makefile`, MIT, Copyright (c) 2016 Victor Kropp — full text below).
 
+The read/write usage filter assets (`actions/showReadAccess{,_dark}.svg` and
+`actions/showWriteAccess{,_dark}.svg`) are copied unmodified from
+`platform/icons/src/expui/actions/` at intellij-community commit
+[`e992ff4750b4c36afe2caadfa8b191a8f36fb7a2`](https://github.com/JetBrains/intellij-community/tree/e992ff4750b4c36afe2caadfa8b191a8f36fb7a2/platform/icons/src/expui/actions).
+Their original copyright headers and Apache-2.0 licensing are retained.
+
+- [intellij-rust](https://github.com/intellij-rust/intellij-rust) (MIT):
+  `src/main/resources/icons/expui/rustFile{,_dark}.svg` →
+  `src/ui/expui/fileTypes/rust{,_dark}.svg`;
+  `src/main/resources/icons/expui/cargo{,_dark}.svg` and `cargoLock{,_dark}.svg` →
+  `src/ui/expui/fileTypes/cargo{,_dark}.svg` and `cargoLock{,_dark}.svg`.
+  Copyright (c) 2015 Aleksey Kladov, Evgeny Kurbatsky, Alexey Kudinkin and contributors;
+  Copyright (c) 2016 JetBrains. MIT licence, full text below.
+
 At render time `src/ui/icons.tsx` may recolour monochrome icons to `currentColor`.
 
 ## JetBrains IntelliJ Platform diff algorithm
@@ -41,8 +65,13 @@ from its tests (`LineComparisonUtilTest`, `WordComparisonUtilTest`,
 `SplitComparisonUtilTest`). Modified from the originals. Copyright 2000-2026
 JetBrains s.r.o. and contributors. Apache License 2.0 (below).
 
+`src/features/vcs/mergeDiff3.ts`, `chunkOptimizer.ts` and `mergeModel.ts` also adapt
+the IntelliJ Platform merge implementation (`MergeRangeUtil`, `MergeResolveUtil`,
+`ChunkOptimizer.LineChunkOptimizer` and `MergeConflictModel`). Modified from the
+originals. Copyright 2000-2026 JetBrains s.r.o. and contributors. Apache License 2.0 (below).
+
 `src/ui/openidea/**` holds OpenIDEA's own file-type icons drawn in the expui style for
-languages whose JetBrains icons are not open source (Go, Rust, Ruby, Dart, Lua, Zig,
+languages whose JetBrains icons are not open source (Go, Ruby, Dart, Lua, Zig,
 Svelte, …). Those using the page-with-corner-badge layout (`goMod`, `goWork`,
 `dotenv`, `readme`, `lock`, `license`) reuse the page outline of the Apache-2.0
 expui `fileTypes/h.svg`; that outline is modified from the original by JetBrains.
@@ -53,6 +82,31 @@ The lettering in `src-tauri/icons/source/openidea-wordmark*.svg` is outlined fro
 Inter Tight (Copyright 2022 The Inter Project Authors, SIL Open Font License 1.1,
 https://github.com/rsms/inter-tight).
 
+### MIT License (Rust and Cargo icons)
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Aleksey Kladov, Evgeny Kurbatsky, Alexey Kudinkin and contributors
+Copyright (c) 2016 JetBrains
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
 ### MIT License (makefile icon)
 
 Copyright (c) 2016 Victor Kropp

crates/ide-agent/src/acp/e2e.rs

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ async fn a_task_runs_on_a_v2_agent_and_resumes_its_session() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("Use the TodoWrite tool"),
             provider: "claude-acp".into(),
             config: vec![AgentConfigChoice { id: "model".into(), value: "haiku".into() }],

crates/ide-agent/src/config.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 //! Session settings (model, mode, thinking effort…), slash commands and context use, as
 //! the agent reports them over ACP.
 
-use crate::model::{AgentCommand, AgentConfigOption, AgentConfigValue, AgentConfigVia, AgentUsage};
+use crate::model::{
+    AgentCommand, AgentConfigOption, AgentConfigValue, AgentConfigVia, AgentCost, AgentLimit, AgentUsage,
+};
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 
 /// Cursor exposes execution modes over ACP, but leaves approval policy to its client.
@@ -37,6 +39,16 @@ pub(crate) fn bypass_approvals(provider: &str, config: &[AgentConfigOption]) ->
     provider == "cursor" && config.iter().any(|o| o.id == CURSOR_APPROVAL && o.current.as_deref() == Some("bypass"))
 }
 
+/// The mode that approves everything without asking (`bypassPermissions`, `yolo`, `full-access`…), if the agent has one.
+pub(crate) fn bypass_mode(options: &[AgentConfigOption]) -> Option<(&AgentConfigOption, &AgentConfigValue)> {
+    let option = options.iter().find(|o| o.category.as_deref() == Some("mode"))?;
+    let value = option.values.iter().find(|v| {
+        let m: String = v.value.to_lowercase().chars().filter(char::is_ascii_lowercase).collect();
+        m.contains("bypass") || m == "yolo" || m.contains("fullaccess") || m == "dangerous"
+    })?;
+    Some((option, value))
+}
+
 /// The settings in a `session/new` or `session/load` result: its select `configOptions`,
 /// plus the older `modes` / `models` fields for what those don't cover.
 pub(crate) fn options_of(result: &Value) -> Vec<AgentConfigOption> {
@@ -140,7 +152,27 @@ pub(crate) fn commands_of(update: &Value) -> Vec<AgentCommand> {
 /// `usage_update`: `{ used, size }`.
 pub(crate) fn usage_of(update: &Value) -> Option<AgentUsage> {
     let tokens = |key: &str| update.get(key)?.as_f64().map(|n| n.clamp(0.0, f64::from(u32::MAX)) as u32);
-    Some(AgentUsage { used: tokens("used")?, size: tokens("size").filter(|s| *s > 0)? })
+    let cost = update.get("cost").and_then(|c| {
+        Some(Box::new(AgentCost {
+            amount: c.get("amount")?.as_f64().filter(|a| a.is_finite() && *a >= 0.0)?,
+            currency: c.get("currency")?.as_str().filter(|c| !c.is_empty())?.to_owned(),
+        }))
+    });
+    Some(AgentUsage { used: tokens("used")?, size: tokens("size").filter(|s| *s > 0)?, cost })
+}
+
+/// The usage-limit windows a [`crate::LIMITS_UPDATE`] carries; malformed entries are skipped.
+pub(crate) fn limits_of(update: &Value) -> Vec<AgentLimit> {
+    let limits = update.get("limits").and_then(Value::as_array).into_iter().flatten();
+    limits
+        .filter_map(|l| {
+            Some(AgentLimit {
+                window: l.get("window")?.as_str().filter(|w| !w.is_empty())?.to_owned(),
+                used_percent: l.get("usedPercent")?.as_f64().filter(|p| p.is_finite())?.clamp(0.0, 100.0),
+                resets_ms: l.get("resetsMs").and_then(Value::as_f64),
+            })
+        })
+        .collect()
 }
 
 fn legacy(

crates/ide-agent/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ pub use model::*;
 use conversation::{Conversation, SavedSubagent, Session};
 use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult, IpcPath};
 use ide_jsonrpc::{Framing, Handler, Peer, RpcError, codes};
+use ide_vcs::Repo;
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -43,11 +44,16 @@ const REPLAY_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(300);
 /// can trail its `session/prompt` response by this much.
 const TURN_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
 const STDERR_LINES: usize = 20;
+/// An agent idle this long after its turn is stopped when it can reload its session
+/// (`session/load`): the next message starts it again where it left off.
+const IDLE_RELEASE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5 * 60);
 /// Updates of a session's state rather than its conversation.
 const SESSION_STATE: [&str; 5] =
     ["session_info_update", "config_option_update", "current_mode_update", "available_commands_update", "usage_update"];
 /// A native agent's own update: it is about to retry a failed API request (see [`AgentRetry`]).
 pub(crate) const RETRY_UPDATE: &str = "openidea_retry";
+/// A native agent's own update: the usage limits of its account (see [`AgentLimit`]).
+pub(crate) const LIMITS_UPDATE: &str = "openidea_limits";
 /// Referenced files up to this size are embedded in the prompt (when the agent takes it).
 const MAX_EMBED: u64 = 256 * 1024;
 /// How long a probe waits for the agent to answer `initialize`.
@@ -89,6 +95,8 @@ struct Shared {
     providers: RwLock<Vec<provider::ProviderSpec>>,
     /// Last probe of each provider.
     probes: Mutex<HashMap<String, AgentProbe>>,
+    /// [`IDLE_RELEASE`], in milliseconds (shorter in tests).
+    idle_release_ms: AtomicU64,
 }
 
 /// What an agent offered in its last session, for the New Task page.
@@ -116,9 +124,13 @@ impl Shared {
     fn known_config(&self, provider: &str) -> Vec<AgentConfigOption> {
         let mut config = self.known.lock().get(provider).map(|k| k.config.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
         config::add_client_options(provider, &mut config);
-        // Approval bypass belongs to the conversation, never to another new task.
+        if let Some((o, v)) = config::bypass_mode(&config).map(|(o, v)| (o.id.clone(), v.value.clone()))
+            && let Some(o) = config.iter_mut().find(|c| c.id == o)
+        {
+            o.current = Some(v);
+        }
         if let Some(o) = config.iter_mut().find(|o| o.id == config::CURSOR_APPROVAL) {
-            o.current = Some("ask".into());
+            o.current = Some("bypass".into());
         }
         config
     }
@@ -200,6 +212,8 @@ struct Live {
     capabilities: AgentCapabilities,
     /// `promptCapabilities.embeddedContext`: referenced files are sent with their text.
     embedded: bool,
+    /// `session/load`: the process can be stopped between turns and the session reloaded.
+    resumable: bool,
 }
 
 struct Task {
@@ -221,6 +235,8 @@ struct Task {
     cancel_pending: AtomicBool,
     /// The agent reported something for the current turn.
     turn_started: AtomicBool,
+    /// Turns sent so far: an idle release scheduled before the latest one is void.
+    turns: AtomicU64,
     /// Settings already sent this session (`(option, value)`), so a refusal is not retried.
     config_sent: Mutex<HashSet<(String, String)>>,
     dirty: Mutex<BTreeSet<(Session, usize)>>,
@@ -231,6 +247,11 @@ struct Task {
 }
 
 impl AgentManager {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn set_idle_release(&self, delay: Duration) {
+        self.shared.idle_release_ms.store(delay.as_millis() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
     /// Loads the project's saved tasks. Spawned work runs on `runtime`.
     pub fn new(paths: AgentPaths, runtime: tokio::runtime::Handle) -> Self {
         let connector: Connector = Arc::new(|spec, cwd, client, on_stderr| match spec.driver {
@@ -255,6 +276,7 @@ impl AgentManager {
             known: Mutex::new(known),
             providers,
             probes: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
+            idle_release_ms: AtomicU64::new(IDLE_RELEASE.as_millis() as u64),
         });
         let mut tasks = HashMap::new();
         for file in std::fs::read_dir(&shared.paths.store_dir).into_iter().flatten().flatten() {
@@ -296,26 +318,52 @@ impl AgentManager {
         let specs = provider::load(self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.as_deref());
         let list = specs
             .iter()
-            .map(|p| AgentProvider {
-                id: p.id.clone(),
-                name: p.name.clone(),
-                command: std::iter::once(p.command.as_str())
-                    .chain(p.args.iter().map(String::as_str))
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(" "),
-                installed: provider::installed(&p.command),
-                config: self.shared.known_config(&p.id),
-                commands: self.shared.known_commands(&p.id),
-                source: p.source.clone(),
+            .map(|p| {
+                let mut info = provider::describe(p);
+                info.config = self.shared.known_config(&p.id);
+                info.commands = self.shared.known_commands(&p.id);
+                info
             })
             .collect();
-        *self.shared.providers.write() = specs;
+        let mut prev = self.shared.providers.write();
+        let mut probes = self.shared.probes.lock();
+        probes.retain(|id, _| {
+            let old = prev.iter().find(|p| &p.id == id);
+            let new = specs.iter().find(|p| &p.id == id);
+            matches!((old, new), (Some(a), Some(b)) if a.command == b.command && a.args == b.args && a.env == b.env)
+        });
+        *prev = specs;
         list
     }
 
+    /// Overrides built-in `id`'s command with `command` (the driver and arguments stay
+    /// the built-in's) through its agent file, or returns it to auto-detection with `None`.
+    pub fn set_builtin_command(&self, id: &str, command: Option<String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let Some(dir) = self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.clone() else {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("there is no custom agents directory"));
+        };
+        provider::set_builtin_command(&dir, id, command.as_deref())
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the environment variables built-in `id` starts with; empty clears them.
+    pub fn set_builtin_env(&self, id: &str, env: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let Some(dir) = self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.clone() else {
+            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("there is no custom agents directory"));
+        };
+        provider::set_builtin_env(&dir, id, env)
+    }
+
+    /// Re-reads configured/installed agents, drops cached probes, and notifies subscribers.
+    pub fn reload_providers(&self) {
+        let specs = provider::load(self.shared.paths.custom_agents_dir.as_deref());
+        *self.shared.providers.write() = specs;
+        self.shared.probes.lock().clear();
+        self.shared.emit(AgentEvent::Providers);
+    }
+
     /// The slash commands to complete for `provider`, in `task`'s directory or (without one)
-    /// in the project: what the agent offered last time there, plus, for Claude Code, the
-    /// skills and custom commands on disk it has not listed.
+    /// in the project: what the agent offered last time there, unadvertised builtins,
+    /// and, for Claude Code, skills and custom commands on disk it has not listed.
     pub async fn commands(&self, provider: &str, task: Option<&str>) -> IdeResult<Vec<AgentCommand>> {
         let (provider, offered, cwd) = match task {
             Some(id) => {
@@ -325,6 +373,14 @@ impl AgentManager {
             }
             None => (provider.to_owned(), self.shared.known_commands(provider), self.shared.paths.project_root.clone()),
         };
+        // Commands the agent implements itself and never lists (its CLI builtins):
+        // merged without duplicating what `availableCommands` or the disk offer.
+        let mut offered = offered;
+        for &(name, description) in builtin_commands(&provider) {
+            if !offered.iter().any(|c| c.name == name) {
+                offered.push(AgentCommand { name: name.to_owned(), description: description.to_owned(), hint: None });
+            }
+        }
         if provider != "claude" && provider != "claude-acp" {
             return Ok(offered);
         }
@@ -353,9 +409,16 @@ impl AgentManager {
             .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid(format!("unknown agent {}", req.provider)))?;
         let prompt = clean(req.prompt).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("describe the task first"))?;
         let title = title_of(&prompt);
-        let root = self.shared.paths.project_root.clone();
+        let root = req.project_root.clone().map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or_else(|| self.shared.paths.project_root.clone());
+        let project_root = Some(IpcPath(root.clone()));
         let (cwd, branch, base, base_commit, before) = match req.isolation {
             Isolation::Worktree => {
+                // The UI offers worktrees for git projects only; state it when it isn't one.
+                if Repo::discover(&root)?.is_none() {
+                    return Err(IdeError::invalid(
+                        "worktrees need a git repository: run the task in the local checkout",
+                    ));
+                }
                 let dir = self.shared.paths.worktrees_dir.clone();
                 let (t, b) = (title.clone(), req.base.clone());
                 let c = blocking(move || worktree::create(&root, &dir, &t, b.as_deref())).await?;
@@ -379,6 +442,7 @@ impl AgentManager {
         }
         let now = now_ms();
         let task = AgentTask {
+            project_root,
             id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().simple().to_string(),
             title,
             provider: spec.id.clone(),
@@ -539,6 +603,10 @@ impl AgentManager {
                 o.current = Some(value);
             }
             s.task.model = model_of(&s.task.config).or(s.task.model.take());
+            let provider = s.task.provider.clone();
+            let config = s.task.config.clone();
+            drop(s);
+            task.shared.remember(&provider, Some(&config), None);
         }
         task.approve_pending();
         task.persist();
@@ -748,19 +816,43 @@ impl AgentManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Returns an archived task to the active list without starting the agent.
+    pub fn unarchive(&self, id: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let task = self.task(id)?;
+        {
+            let mut s = task.state.lock();
+            if s.task.status != AgentStatus::Archived {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            if s.busy {
+                return Err(IdeError::invalid("the task is still stopping"));
+            }
+            s.task.status = AgentStatus::Ready;
+            s.task.error = None;
+            s.task.updated_ms = now_ms();
+        }
+        task.persist();
+        task.emit_task();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Forgets the task; with `remove_worktree` also deletes its worktree (the branch stays).
     pub async fn delete(&self, id: &str, remove_worktree: bool) -> IdeResult<()> {
         let task = self.task(id)?;
         task.kill();
-        let (isolation, cwd) = {
+        let (isolation, cwd, root) = {
             let s = task.state.lock();
-            (s.task.isolation, s.task.cwd.0.clone())
+            (
+                s.task.isolation,
+                s.task.cwd.0.clone(),
+                s.task.project_root.clone().map(|p| p.0).unwrap_or_else(|| self.shared.paths.project_root.clone()),
+            )
         };
         // A copy of the task (a fork) may work in the same worktree.
         let shared = self.tasks.read().values().any(|t| t.id != id && t.state.lock().task.cwd.0 == cwd);
         if remove_worktree && !shared && isolation == Isolation::Worktree && cwd.exists() {
-            let root = self.shared.paths.project_root.clone();
-            blocking(move || worktree::remove(&root, &cwd)).await?;
+            let worktrees = self.shared.paths.worktrees_dir.clone();
+            blocking(move || worktree::remove(&root, &worktrees, &cwd)).await?;
         }
         self.tasks.write().remove(id);
         *task.deleted.lock() = true;
@@ -819,6 +911,7 @@ impl Task {
             send_now: AtomicBool::new(false),
             cancel_pending: AtomicBool::new(false),
             turn_started: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            turns: AtomicU64::new(0),
             config_sent: Mutex::new(HashSet::new()),
             dirty: Mutex::new(BTreeSet::new()),
             flush_scheduled: AtomicBool::new(false),
@@ -961,12 +1054,42 @@ impl Task {
             }
             match (next, result) {
                 (Some(queued), _) => prompt = queued.prompt,
-                (None, Ok(_)) => return self.set_status(AgentStatus::Ready, None),
+                (None, Ok(_)) => {
+                    self.set_status(AgentStatus::Ready, None);
+                    return self.release_when_idle();
+                }
                 (None, Err(failure)) => return self.fail(failure),
             }
         }
     }
 
+    /// Stops the agent's process once the task has stayed idle for [`IDLE_RELEASE`], so
+    /// finished tasks don't keep an agent (and what it started) running. Only an agent that
+    /// reloads its session: the next message starts it again with the conversation intact.
+    fn release_when_idle(self: &Arc<Self>) {
+        let turn = self.turns.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+        let delay = Duration::from_millis(self.shared.idle_release_ms.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+        let task = Arc::downgrade(self);
+        self.shared.runtime.spawn(async move {
+            tokio::time::sleep(delay).await;
+            let Some(task) = task.upgrade() else { return };
+            if task.turns.load(Ordering::Acquire) != turn
+                || task.state.lock().busy
+                || !task.permissions.lock().is_empty()
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            let live = {
+                let mut live = task.live.lock();
+                if live.as_ref().is_some_and(|l| l.resumable && !l.peer.is_closed()) { live.take() } else { None }
+            };
+            if let Some(live) = live {
+                tracing::debug!("agent task {}: idle, stopping the agent until the next message", task.id);
+                live.peer.kill();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     /// Ends a turn that failed: nothing it started stays open.
     fn fail(self: &Arc<Self>, failure: Failure) {
         self.cancel_permissions();
@@ -1017,6 +1140,7 @@ impl Task {
         self.push_entry(AgentEntry::User {
             text: prompt.text,
             attachments,
+            images: prompt.images,
             sent_ms: Some(now_ms()),
             done_ms: None,
             steered: true,
@@ -1026,6 +1150,7 @@ impl Task {
 
     /// Sends one prompt, starting the agent first if needed; returns the stop reason.
     async fn turn(self: &Arc<Self>, prompt: &AgentPrompt) -> Result<String, Failure> {
+        self.turns.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
         self.turn_started.store(false, Ordering::Release);
         self.state.lock().task.resets_ms = None;
         let attachments = prompt
@@ -1037,6 +1162,7 @@ impl Task {
         self.push_entry(AgentEntry::User {
             text: prompt.text.clone(),
             attachments,
+            images: prompt.images.clone(),
             sent_ms: Some(now_ms()),
             done_ms: None,
             steered: false,
@@ -1183,7 +1309,6 @@ impl Task {
             (if known { reported } else { s.task.config.clone() }, s.wanted.clone())
         };
         config::add_client_options(&provider_id, &mut options);
-        self.shared.remember(&provider_id, Some(&options), None);
         for choice in &wanted {
             // An option the session doesn't offer yet is set once it does (`apply_late_choices`).
             let Some(o) = options.iter().find(|o| o.id == choice.id).cloned() else { continue };
@@ -1212,6 +1337,7 @@ impl Task {
                 Err(e) => tracing::warn!("agent task {}: setting {} to {} failed: {e}", self.id, o.id, choice.value),
             }
         }
+        self.shared.remember(&provider_id, Some(&options), None);
         {
             let mut s = self.state.lock();
             s.task.model = model_of(&options).or(s.task.model.take());
@@ -1221,7 +1347,7 @@ impl Task {
         }
         self.persist();
         self.emit_task();
-        let live = Live { peer, session: session_id, capabilities, embedded };
+        let live = Live { peer, session: session_id, capabilities, embedded, resumable: can_load };
         *self.live.lock() = Some(live.clone());
         Ok(live)
     }
@@ -1303,6 +1429,13 @@ impl Task {
             }
             return;
         }
+        if kind == LIMITS_UPDATE {
+            if !self.replaying.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                let provider = self.state.lock().task.provider.clone();
+                self.shared.emit(AgentEvent::Limits { provider, limits: config::limits_of(update) });
+            }
+            return;
+        }
         if kind == "session_info_update" {
             // The agent's own title for the session replaces the first line of the prompt.
             let title = update.get("title").and_then(Value::as_str).map(str::trim).filter(|t| !t.is_empty());
@@ -1629,6 +1762,16 @@ fn model_of(config: &[AgentConfigOption]) -> Option<String> {
     config.iter().find(|o| o.category.as_deref() == Some("model")).and_then(|o| o.current.clone())
 }
 
+/// Commands the agent implements on its own and never lists in `availableCommands` —
+/// its CLI builtins, passed through as prompt text (e.g. `/compact`). `(name, description)`.
+fn builtin_commands(provider: &str) -> &'static [(&'static str, &'static str)] {
+    match provider {
+        // OpenCode ACP handles `/compact` via session.summarize but omits it from its command list.
+        "opencode" => &[("compact", "compact the conversation")],
+        _ => &[],
+    }
+}
+
 fn file_name(path: &Path) -> String {
     path.file_name().map_or_else(|| path.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), |n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
 }

crates/ide-agent/src/model.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use ide_core::IpcPath;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ pub enum Isolation {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AgentTask {
+    /// Original project folder; absent in tasks saved before per-task roots.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub project_root: Option<IpcPath>,
     pub id: String,
     pub title: String,
     /// [`AgentProvider::id`].
@@ -151,6 +155,30 @@ pub struct AgentUsage {
     pub used: u32,
     /// Size of the context window.
     pub size: u32,
+    /// What the session has cost so far (ACP `usage_update.cost`), when the agent reports it.
+    // Boxed so that `AgentEvent::Task` stays within clippy's `large_enum_variant` bound on Windows.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub cost: Option<Box<AgentCost>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AgentCost {
+    pub amount: f64,
+    /// ISO 4217 code, e.g. `USD`.
+    pub currency: String,
+}
+
+/// One usage-limit window of an agent's account.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AgentLimit {
+    /// The window as the agent names it: `five_hour`, `seven_day`, `seven_day_opus`…
+    pub window: String,
+    /// Share of the window used, 0–100.
+    pub used_percent: f64,
+    /// When the window resets (ms since the epoch), if the agent said.
+    pub resets_ms: Option<f64>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -240,6 +268,9 @@ pub enum AgentEntry {
         text: String,
         /// Names of the files and images sent with it.
         attachments: Vec<String>,
+        /// The images sent with it, shown in the conversation.
+        #[serde(default)]
+        images: Vec<AgentImage>,
         /// When it was sent (ms since the epoch); `None` in tasks saved before this was kept.
         #[serde(default)]
         sent_ms: Option<f64>,
@@ -316,8 +347,19 @@ pub struct AgentProvider {
     pub name: String,
     /// The command line that starts its ACP server.
     pub command: String,
+    /// Executable and arguments actually launched, without flattening paths containing spaces.
+    pub program: String,
+    pub args: Vec<String>,
+    pub default_program: Option<String>,
+    pub default_args: Vec<String>,
+    pub login_hint: Option<String>,
+    pub command_overridden: bool,
+    pub command_editable: bool,
+    pub command_read_only_reason: Option<AgentCommandReadOnlyReason>,
     /// Whether the command was found (on `PATH`).
     pub installed: bool,
+    /// Environment variables it starts with (from its agent file).
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
     /// Settings (models, modes…) the agent offered last time it ran; empty before its first session.
     pub config: Vec<AgentConfigOption>,
     /// Slash commands it offered last time.
@@ -325,6 +367,15 @@ pub struct AgentProvider {
     pub source: AgentSource,
 }
 
+/// Why the executable cannot be changed in built-in agent settings.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum AgentCommandReadOnlyReason {
+    PackageRunner,
+    Registry,
+    CustomAgent,
+}
+
 /// Where an agent comes from.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(tag = "kind", rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -361,6 +412,9 @@ pub struct AgentProbe {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct NewAgentTask {
+    /// Validated by the host; defaults to the window project root.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub project_root: Option<IpcPath>,
     pub prompt: AgentPrompt,
     pub provider: String,
     /// Settings for the new session (model, mode…).
@@ -404,4 +458,11 @@ pub enum AgentEvent {
         index: u32,
         entry: AgentEntry,
     },
+    /// An agent reported the usage limits of its account (shared by every task of `provider`).
+    Limits {
+        provider: String,
+        limits: Vec<AgentLimit>,
+    },
+    /// The installed or configured agent providers changed.
+    Providers,
 }

crates/ide-agent/src/native/claude/cli.rs

@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ impl Cli for Process {
         use std::process::Stdio;
         let mut cmd = tokio::process::Command::new(&l.program);
         ide_core::process::prepare(cmd.as_std_mut());
+        // `claude` may be a wrapper (`claude.cmd` → node): stopping it stops what it started.
+        ide_core::process::own_group(cmd.as_std_mut());
         cmd.args(&l.args)
             .current_dir(&l.cwd)
             .envs(ide_core::process::shell_env())
@@ -120,6 +122,9 @@ impl Cli for Process {
             tokio::select! {
                 _ = child.wait() => {}
                 _ = token.cancelled() => {
+                    if let Some(pid) = child.id() {
+                        let _ = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || ide_core::process::kill_tree_of(pid)).await;
+                    }
                     let _ = child.start_kill();
                     let _ = child.wait().await;
                 }

crates/ide-agent/src/native/claude/mod.rs

@@ -904,6 +904,7 @@ impl Session {
                     if info.get("status").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("rejected") {
                         st.limit_resets_ms = info.get("resetsAt").and_then(Value::as_f64).map(|s| s * 1000.0);
                     }
+                    updates.extend(st.tr.on_rate_limit(&info));
                 }
                 "command_lifecycle" => {
                     let uuid = msg.get("command_uuid").and_then(Value::as_str);
@@ -915,7 +916,11 @@ impl Session {
                         } else {
                             "end_turn"
                         };
-                        finished = st.turn.take().map(|t| (t, TurnEnd::Stop(stop)));
+                        finished = st.turn.take().map(|mut t| {
+                            // Claude Code reports a turn that failed as cancelled here.
+                            let failure = t.failure.take().filter(|_| !t.cancelled);
+                            (t, failure.unwrap_or(TurnEnd::Stop(stop)))
+                        });
                     }
                 }
                 "assistant" if msg.get("parent_tool_use_id").is_none_or(Value::is_null) => {
@@ -1139,7 +1144,8 @@ where
 /// Whether `result` ends `turn`: it answers the turn's last message, or (stopped) any of
 /// its messages, or names none (the CLI's own error before the turn began).
 fn belongs(turn: &Turn, result: &Value) -> bool {
-    if result.get("origin").is_some_and(|o| !o.is_null()) {
+    // Prompts are sent with the origin `human`, and their results echo it.
+    if result.get("origin").is_some_and(|o| !o.is_null() && o.get("kind").and_then(Value::as_str) != Some("human")) {
         return false;
     }
     let mut uuids = strings(result.get("user_message_uuids"));

crates/ide-agent/src/native/claude/tests.rs

@@ -738,6 +738,50 @@ async fn a_stop_ahead_of_its_prompt_cancels_it() {
     assert!(cli.sent.lock()[0].iter().all(|m| m["type"] != "user"), "nothing was sent");
 }
 
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn a_failed_turn_reports_its_failure() {
+    let text = "Failed to authenticate: OAuth session expired and could not be refreshed";
+    let lifecycle = |uuid: &str, state: &str| {
+        Frame::Cli(json!({ "type": "command_lifecycle", "command_uuid": uuid, "state": state }))
+    };
+    let result = |uuid: &str| {
+        Frame::Cli(json!({
+            "type": "result", "subtype": "success", "is_error": true, "result": text, "stop_reason": "stop_sequence",
+            "terminal_reason": "api_error", "origin": { "kind": "human" }, "user_message_uuids": [uuid],
+        }))
+    };
+    // As Claude Code sends it, and with the turn's end ahead of its result.
+    for lifecycle_first in [false, true] {
+        let mut process = load_fixture("simple").remove(0);
+        process.truncate(6);
+        let Some(Frame::Shim(prompt)) = process.last() else { panic!("the fixture's prompt") };
+        let uuid = prompt["uuid"].as_str().unwrap().to_owned();
+        process.push(Frame::Cli(json!({
+            "type": "assistant", "error": "authentication_failed", "parent_tool_use_id": null,
+            "message": { "id": "m", "model": "<synthetic>", "content": [{ "type": "text", "text": text }] },
+        })));
+        if lifecycle_first {
+            process.extend([lifecycle(&uuid, "cancelled"), result(&uuid)]);
+        } else {
+            process.extend([result(&uuid), lifecycle(&uuid, "cancelled")]);
+        }
+        let cli = Arc::new(Replay {
+            processes: Mutex::new(VecDeque::from([process])),
+            sent: Arc::default(),
+            launched: Mutex::default(),
+            errors: Arc::default(),
+        });
+        let (dir, cwd) = (tempfile::tempdir().unwrap(), tempfile::tempdir().unwrap());
+        let h =
+            Harness::connect(cli.clone(), dir.path().into(), dir.path().join("p"), cwd.path().into(), Vec::new()).await;
+        let s = h.new_session().await;
+        let Err(RpcError::Server { message, .. }) = h.prompt(&s, "hi").await else {
+            panic!("the turn should fail (lifecycle first: {lifecycle_first})");
+        };
+        assert_eq!(message, format!("Claude Code authentication failed: {text}"));
+    }
+}
+
 /// Fork and undo against the real CLI, across connections, in a symlinked directory
 /// (macOS `/tmp`).
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -829,6 +873,7 @@ fn which_result_ends_a_turn() {
     assert!(!belongs(&t, &json!({"user_message_uuids": ["a"]})), "a steer superseded it");
     assert!(belongs(&t, &json!({"subtype": "error_during_execution"})), "names no message");
     assert!(!belongs(&t, &json!({"origin": {"kind": "task-notification"}})), "Claude Code's own turn");
+    assert!(belongs(&t, &json!({"origin": {"kind": "human"}, "user_message_uuids": ["b"]})), "the prompt's own result");
     assert!(belongs(&turn(&["a", "b"], true), &json!({"user_message_uuids": ["a"]})));
 }
 
@@ -968,6 +1013,39 @@ fn streamed_text_is_not_sent_twice() {
     assert_eq!(usage[0].update, json!({"sessionUpdate": "usage_update", "used": 15, "size": 1000}));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn rate_limits_and_cost() {
+    let mut t = Translator::new("s", PathBuf::from("/w"), false);
+    let info = json!({"status": "allowed", "rateLimitType": "five_hour", "unifiedWindows": {
+        "five_hour": {"utilization": 0.19, "resetsAt": 100, "status": "allowed"},
+        "seven_day": {"utilization": 0.09, "resetsAt": 200, "status": "allowed"},
+    }});
+    let limits = t.on_rate_limit(&info).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(limits.session, "s");
+    assert_eq!(limits.update["sessionUpdate"], crate::LIMITS_UPDATE);
+    let windows: Vec<(&str, i64, f64)> = limits.update["limits"]
+        .as_array()
+        .unwrap()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|l| {
+            (
+                l["window"].as_str().unwrap(),
+                l["usedPercent"].as_f64().unwrap().round() as i64,
+                l["resetsMs"].as_f64().unwrap(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(windows, [("five_hour", 19, 100_000.0), ("seven_day", 9, 200_000.0)]);
+    // Older versions report the window that applies, alone.
+    let single = t.on_rate_limit(&json!({"rateLimitType": "seven_day", "utilization": 0.5})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(single.update["limits"], json!([{"window": "seven_day", "usedPercent": 50.0, "resetsMs": null}]));
+    assert_eq!(t.on_rate_limit(&json!({"status": "allowed", "resetsAt": 100})), None, "no utilization, no update");
+
+    t.used = Some(10);
+    let usage = t.on_result(&json!({"total_cost_usd": 0.5, "modelUsage": {"x": {"contextWindow": 1000}}}));
+    assert_eq!(usage[0].update["cost"], json!({"amount": 0.5, "currency": "USD"}));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn tool_calls_plans_and_subagents() {
     let mut t = Translator::new("s", PathBuf::from("/w"), true);

crates/ide-agent/src/native/claude/translate.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! Agent tool use that launched them: their messages carry it as `parent_tool_use_id`.
 
 use super::tools;
-use crate::RETRY_UPDATE;
+use crate::{LIMITS_UPDATE, RETRY_UPDATE};
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ pub(super) struct Translator {
     pub used: Option<u64>,
     pub model: Option<String>,
     windows: HashMap<String, u64>,
+    /// The session's cost so far in USD, as the last `result` reported it.
+    cost_usd: Option<f64>,
 }
 
 impl Translator {
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ impl Translator {
             used: None,
             model: None,
             windows: HashMap::new(),
+            cost_usd: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -169,7 +172,7 @@ impl Translator {
                     Some("tool_use") => {
                         // The input streams after this: shown by name until the message has it.
                         let (id, name) = (str_of(&block, "id"), str_of(&block, "name"));
-                        if !id.is_empty() && !tools::is_plan(&name) && !(tools::is_agent(&name) && self.subagents) {
+                        if !(id.is_empty() || tools::is_plan(&name) || tools::is_agent(&name) && self.subagents) {
                             out.extend(self.ensure_call(&id, &name, &json!({}), &session));
                         }
                     }
@@ -543,6 +546,9 @@ impl Translator {
                 self.windows.insert(model.clone(), w);
             }
         }
+        if let Some(cost) = result.get("total_cost_usd").and_then(Value::as_f64).filter(|c| c.is_finite()) {
+            self.cost_usd = Some(cost);
+        }
         self.usage_update().into_iter().collect()
     }
 
@@ -557,9 +563,33 @@ impl Translator {
                     .or_else(|| self.windows.iter().find(|(k, _)| k.starts_with(m.as_str())).map(|(_, v)| v))
             })
             .or_else(|| (self.windows.len() == 1).then(|| self.windows.values().next()).flatten())?;
-        Some(Update {
+        let mut update = json!({ "sessionUpdate": "usage_update", "used": used, "size": size });
+        if let Some(amount) = self.cost_usd {
+            update["cost"] = json!({ "amount": amount, "currency": "USD" });
+        }
+        Some(Update { session: self.root.clone(), update })
+    }
+
+    /// The usage-limit windows a `rate_limit_event` reports, as a [`LIMITS_UPDATE`]: every
+    /// window of `unifiedWindows`, or the single `rateLimitType` window older versions send.
+    pub fn on_rate_limit(&self, info: &Value) -> Option<Update> {
+        let window = |name: &str, w: &Value| {
+            let utilization = w.get("utilization")?.as_f64()?;
+            Some(json!({
+                "window": name,
+                "usedPercent": utilization * 100.0,
+                "resetsMs": w.get("resetsAt").and_then(Value::as_f64).map(|s| s * 1000.0),
+            }))
+        };
+        let limits: Vec<Value> = match info.get("unifiedWindows").and_then(Value::as_object) {
+            Some(windows) => windows.iter().filter_map(|(name, w)| window(name, w)).collect(),
+            None => {
+                info.get("rateLimitType").and_then(Value::as_str).and_then(|t| window(t, info)).into_iter().collect()
+            }
+        };
+        (!limits.is_empty()).then(|| Update {
             session: self.root.clone(),
-            update: json!({ "sessionUpdate": "usage_update", "used": used, "size": size }),
+            update: json!({ "sessionUpdate": LIMITS_UPDATE, "limits": limits }),
         })
     }
 }

crates/ide-agent/src/native/mod.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ pub(crate) fn newest_install(command: &str) -> String {
     let path = ide_core::process::host_var_os("PATH")
         .or_else(|| ide_core::process::shell_env().find(|(k, _)| *k == "PATH").map(|(_, v)| v.to_owned()))
         .unwrap_or_default();
-    newest_install_in(command, &path)
+    // Windows: read afresh, so a tool the user installed since the IDE started is found too.
+    newest_install_in(command, &ide_core::process::with_user_path(&path))
 }
 
 fn newest_install_in(command: &str, search: &std::ffi::OsStr) -> String {
@@ -124,4 +125,24 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(newest_install_in("nope", &search), "nope");
         assert_eq!(newest_install_in("bin/claude", &search), "bin/claude");
     }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn newest_install_compares_versions_across_path_entries() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let old = dir.path().join("old");
+        let new = dir.path().join("new");
+        for (path, version) in [(&old, "2.9.0"), (&new, "2.10.0")] {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(path).unwrap();
+            let executable = path.join("agent");
+            std::fs::write(&executable, format!("#!/bin/sh\necho {version}\n")).unwrap();
+            std::fs::set_permissions(&executable, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        }
+        for paths in [[&old, &new], [&new, &old]] {
+            let search = std::env::join_paths(paths).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(newest_install_in("agent", &search), new.join("agent").to_string_lossy());
+        }
+    }
 }

crates/ide-agent/src/provider.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 //! `<config>/agents/<id>.toml` (written by hand, or by installing one from the ACP
 //! Registry, see `registry`).
 
-use crate::AgentSource;
+use crate::{AgentCommandReadOnlyReason, AgentProvider, AgentSource};
+use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -80,9 +81,103 @@ fn builtins() -> Vec<ProviderSpec> {
         .collect()
 }
 
-/// Whether `id` names a built-in agent.
+/// Whether `id` names a built-in agent that needs no registry install (native drivers
+/// and `npx -y` adapters). CLI built-ins (`copilot`, `gemini`, …) can be installed and
+/// updated from the ACP Registry into `<config>/agents/<id>.toml`.
 pub(crate) fn is_builtin(id: &str) -> bool {
-    BUILTIN.iter().any(|b| b.0 == id)
+    BUILTIN.iter().any(|&(bid, _, driver, cmd, _)| bid == id && (driver != Driver::Acp || cmd.first() == Some(&"npx")))
+}
+
+/// Display name of a built-in agent, when `id` is one.
+pub(crate) fn builtin_name(id: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    BUILTIN.iter().find(|&&(bid, _, _, _, _)| bid == id).map(|&(_, name, _, _, _)| name)
+}
+
+/// The built-in spec of `id`.
+pub(crate) fn builtin_spec(id: &str) -> Option<ProviderSpec> {
+    builtins().into_iter().find(|s| s.id == id)
+}
+
+/// Public launch metadata, keeping the built-in defaults separate from agent-file overrides.
+pub(crate) fn describe(spec: &ProviderSpec) -> AgentProvider {
+    let builtin = builtin_spec(&spec.id);
+    let reason = if matches!(spec.source, AgentSource::Registry { .. }) {
+        Some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::Registry)
+    } else if let Some(default) = &builtin {
+        matches!(default.command.as_str(), "npx" | "bunx" | "uvx").then_some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::PackageRunner)
+    } else {
+        Some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::CustomAgent)
+    };
+    AgentProvider {
+        id: spec.id.clone(),
+        name: spec.name.clone(),
+        command: std::iter::once(spec.command.as_str())
+            .chain(spec.args.iter().map(String::as_str))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(" "),
+        program: spec.command.clone(),
+        args: spec.args.clone(),
+        default_program: builtin.as_ref().map(|b| b.command.clone()),
+        default_args: builtin.as_ref().map(|b| b.args.clone()).unwrap_or_default(),
+        login_hint: Some(spec.login_hint.clone()),
+        command_overridden: builtin.as_ref().is_some_and(|b| b.command != spec.command),
+        command_editable: reason.is_none(),
+        command_read_only_reason: reason,
+        installed: installed(&spec.command),
+        env: spec.env.iter().cloned().collect(),
+        config: vec![],
+        commands: vec![],
+        source: spec.source.clone(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Overrides built-in `id`'s command through its agent file, preserving other
+/// customizations. `None` restores the built-in command and removes a redundant file.
+pub(crate) fn set_builtin_command(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, command: Option<&str>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    update_builtin(custom_dir, id, |agent, builtin| agent.command = command.unwrap_or(&builtin.command).to_owned())
+}
+
+/// The environment built-in `id` starts with, through its agent file (empty clears it).
+pub(crate) fn set_builtin_env(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, env: BTreeMap<String, String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    update_builtin(custom_dir, id, |agent, _| agent.env = env)
+}
+
+/// Changes built-in `id`'s agent file; a file left with only the built-in's values is removed.
+fn update_builtin(custom_dir: &Path, id: &str, change: impl FnOnce(&mut CustomAgent, &ProviderSpec)) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let Some(builtin) = builtin_spec(id) else {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{id} is not a built-in agent")));
+    };
+    let file = custom_dir.join(format!("{id}.toml"));
+    let mut agent = if file.try_exists()? {
+        CustomAgent::read(&file).map_err(IdeError::invalid)?
+    } else {
+        CustomAgent {
+            name: Some(builtin.name.clone()),
+            driver: builtin.driver,
+            command: builtin.command.clone(),
+            args: builtin.args.clone(),
+            env: BTreeMap::new(),
+            registry: None,
+        }
+    };
+    if agent.registry.is_some() {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{id} is installed from the ACP Registry")));
+    }
+    change(&mut agent, &builtin);
+    if agent.command == builtin.command
+        && agent.name.as_deref() == Some(builtin.name.as_str())
+        && agent.driver == builtin.driver
+        && agent.args == builtin.args
+        && agent.env.is_empty()
+    {
+        match std::fs::remove_file(&file) {
+            Err(e) if e.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => return Err(e.into()),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    agent.write(&file)?;
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// An agent file, `<config>/agents/<id>.toml`.
@@ -162,7 +257,7 @@ pub(crate) fn load(custom_dir: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<ProviderSpec> {
             Some(r) => AgentSource::Registry { version: r.version, update: None },
             None => AgentSource::Custom,
         };
-        let spec = ProviderSpec {
+        let mut spec = ProviderSpec {
             name: agent.name.unwrap_or_else(|| id.clone()),
             driver: agent.driver,
             command: agent.command,
@@ -173,7 +268,13 @@ pub(crate) fn load(custom_dir: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<ProviderSpec> {
             id,
         };
         match specs.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == spec.id) {
-            Some(existing) => *existing = spec,
+            Some(existing) => {
+                spec.login_hint = existing.login_hint.clone();
+                if spec.source == AgentSource::Custom {
+                    spec.source = AgentSource::Builtin;
+                }
+                *existing = spec;
+            }
             None => specs.push(spec),
         }
     }
@@ -211,6 +312,54 @@ fn is_executable(p: &Path) -> bool {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn launch_metadata_distinguishes_defaults_overrides_and_read_only_agents() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let list = || load(Some(dir.path())).iter().map(describe).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let defaults = list();
+        let codex = defaults.iter().find(|p| p.id == "codex").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(codex.program, "codex");
+        assert_eq!(codex.default_program.as_deref(), Some("codex"));
+        assert_eq!(codex.args, ["app-server"]);
+        assert_eq!(codex.default_args, codex.args);
+        assert_eq!(codex.command, "codex app-server");
+        assert_eq!(codex.login_hint.as_deref(), Some("Run `codex login` in a terminal."));
+        assert!(!codex.command_overridden);
+        assert!(codex.command_editable);
+        for p in &defaults {
+            assert_eq!(p.source, AgentSource::Builtin);
+            assert!(p.default_program.is_some());
+            assert_eq!(p.command_editable, !p.id.ends_with("-acp"));
+            assert_eq!(
+                p.command_read_only_reason,
+                p.id.ends_with("-acp").then_some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::PackageRunner)
+            );
+        }
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "codex", Some("/path with spaces/codex")).unwrap();
+        let overridden = list().into_iter().find(|p| p.id == "codex").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(overridden.program, "/path with spaces/codex");
+        assert_eq!(overridden.args, codex.args);
+        assert_eq!(overridden.default_program, codex.default_program);
+        assert!(overridden.command_overridden && overridden.command_editable);
+        assert_eq!(overridden.source, AgentSource::Builtin);
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "codex", Some("codex")).unwrap();
+        assert!(!list().iter().find(|p| p.id == "codex").unwrap().command_overridden);
+        std::fs::write(
+            dir.path().join("gemini.toml"),
+            "command = \"/registry/gemini\"\n[registry]\nid = \"gemini\"\nversion = \"1.0\"\n",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let registry = list().into_iter().find(|p| p.id == "gemini").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(registry.default_program.as_deref(), Some("gemini"));
+        assert!(!registry.command_editable);
+        assert_eq!(registry.command_read_only_reason, Some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::Registry));
+        assert!(matches!(registry.source, AgentSource::Registry { .. }));
+        std::fs::write(dir.path().join("mine.toml"), "command = \"mine\"\n").unwrap();
+        let custom = list().into_iter().find(|p| p.id == "mine").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(custom.default_program, None);
+        assert_eq!(custom.command_read_only_reason, Some(AgentCommandReadOnlyReason::CustomAgent));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn custom_agents_extend_and_override_the_builtins() {
         let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -230,6 +379,107 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(installed("sh"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn set_builtin_env_writes_and_clears_the_environment() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let env = BTreeMap::from([("CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT".to_owned(), "openidea".to_owned())]);
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "claude", env.clone()).unwrap();
+        let claude = load(Some(dir.path())).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "claude").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(claude.env, vec![("CLAUDE_CODE_ENTRYPOINT".to_owned(), "openidea".to_owned())]);
+        assert_eq!(describe(&claude).env, env);
+        // The command override and the environment are kept independently.
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", Some("/opt/claude")).unwrap();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", None).unwrap();
+        assert!(dir.path().join("claude.toml").is_file());
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "claude", BTreeMap::new()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!dir.path().join("claude.toml").exists());
+        set_builtin_env(dir.path(), "not-a-builtin", env).unwrap_err();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_builtin_command_overrides_and_clears_a_builtin() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "not-a-builtin", Some("/x")).unwrap_err();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", Some("/opt/claude")).unwrap();
+        let claude = load(Some(dir.path())).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "claude").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((claude.command.as_str(), claude.driver), ("/opt/claude", Driver::Claude));
+        assert!(claude.args.is_empty());
+        // A registry install is neither overwritten nor removed by a command override.
+        let path = dir.path().join("codex.toml");
+        CustomAgent {
+            name: None,
+            driver: Driver::Acp,
+            command: "amp".into(),
+            args: vec![],
+            env: BTreeMap::new(),
+            registry: Some(RegistryRef { id: "amp-acp".into(), version: "1.0.0".into() }),
+        }
+        .write(&path)
+        .unwrap();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "codex", Some("/x")).unwrap_err();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "codex", None).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(path.exists());
+        // Clearing (twice) returns the built-in to auto-detection.
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", None).unwrap();
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", None).unwrap();
+        assert!(!dir.path().join("claude.toml").exists());
+        assert_eq!(load(Some(dir.path())).iter().find(|s| s.id == "claude").unwrap().command, "claude");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_builtin_command_preserves_other_customizations_on_save_and_reset() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("claude.toml");
+        for field in ["name", "driver", "args", "env", "unnamed"] {
+            let mut agent = CustomAgent {
+                name: Some("Claude Code".into()),
+                driver: Driver::Claude,
+                command: "/old/claude".into(),
+                args: vec![],
+                env: BTreeMap::new(),
+                registry: None,
+            };
+            match field {
+                "name" => agent.name = Some("My Claude".into()),
+                "driver" => agent.driver = Driver::Acp,
+                "args" => agent.args.push("--verbose".into()),
+                "env" => {
+                    agent.env.insert("K".into(), "v".into());
+                }
+                "unnamed" => agent.name = None,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+            agent.write(&path).unwrap();
+
+            set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", Some("/new/claude")).unwrap();
+            agent.command = "/new/claude".into();
+            assert_eq!(CustomAgent::read(&path).unwrap(), agent, "{field}");
+
+            set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "claude", None).unwrap();
+            agent.command = "claude".into();
+            assert_eq!(CustomAgent::read(&path).unwrap(), agent, "{field}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resetting_a_command_only_override_removes_the_file() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("codex.toml");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &path,
+            "name = \"Codex\"\ndriver = \"codex\"\ncommand = \"/custom/codex\"\nargs = [\"app-server\"]\n",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        set_builtin_command(dir.path(), "codex", None).unwrap();
+
+        assert!(!path.exists());
+        assert_eq!(
+            load(Some(dir.path())).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "codex").unwrap(),
+            builtin_spec("codex").unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn agent_files_round_trip_with_their_registry_table() {
         let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

crates/ide-agent/src/registry.rs

@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ fn parse(text: &str) -> IdeResult<Vec<Entry>> {
         .into_iter()
         .filter_map(|v| serde_json::from_value::<Entry>(v).ok())
         .filter(|e| safe_segment(&e.id) && safe_segment(&e.version))
+        .map(|mut e| {
+            e.id = canonical_id(&e.id).to_owned();
+            if let Some(name) = provider::builtin_name(&e.id) {
+                e.name = name.to_owned();
+            }
+            e
+        })
         .collect())
 }
 
@@ -222,14 +229,26 @@ fn choose<'a>(entry: &'a Entry, platform: Platform, on_path: &dyn Fn(&str) -> bo
     {
         return Some(Choice::Uvx(p));
     }
+    // Last resort: npx and uvx run natively, this one under OS emulation.
+    if platform.os == Os::Windows
+        && platform.arch == Arch::Arm64
+        && let Some(b) = d.binary.get("windows-x86_64")
+    {
+        return Some(Choice::Binary(b));
+    }
     None
 }
 
-/// Registry agents that are built-in ones under another id.
-const BUILTIN_ALIASES: &[&str] = &["github-copilot-cli", "qwen-code", "mistral-vibe"];
+/// Registry ids that map to a shorter built-in provider id (`<config>/agents/<id>.toml`).
+const BUILTIN_ALIASES: &[(&str, &str)] =
+    &[("github-copilot-cli", "copilot"), ("qwen-code", "qwen"), ("mistral-vibe", "vibe")];
+
+fn canonical_id(id: &str) -> &str {
+    BUILTIN_ALIASES.iter().find_map(|&(alias, canonical)| (alias == id).then_some(canonical)).unwrap_or(id)
+}
 
 fn is_builtin(id: &str) -> bool {
-    provider::is_builtin(id) || BUILTIN_ALIASES.contains(&id)
+    provider::is_builtin(canonical_id(id))
 }
 
 fn on_path(command: &str) -> bool {
@@ -335,7 +354,7 @@ pub fn mark_updates(paths: &RegistryPaths, providers: &mut [AgentProvider]) {
 
 /// HTTPS only, redirects included. Tests serve downloads over `file://`.
 fn http() -> IdeResult<Http> {
-    let http = Http::new(&ide_tools::default_search_path())?;
+    let http = Http::new(&ide_core::tool_path::search_path())?;
     Ok(if cfg!(test) { http } else { http.https_only() })
 }
 
@@ -380,6 +399,7 @@ fn write_atomic(path: &Path, bytes: &[u8]) -> std::io::Result<()> {
 /// Installs (or updates to) the registry's current version of `id`, streaming progress
 /// through `emit`, and points the agent file at it.
 pub fn install(paths: &RegistryPaths, id: &str, cancel: &CancellationToken, emit: Emit) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let id = canonical_id(id);
     // The saved index is what the user picked from; fetch only when there is none.
     let text = match fs::read_to_string(&paths.cache_file) {
         Ok(text) => text,
@@ -611,6 +631,7 @@ fn install_uv(
 
 /// Deletes a registry agent's file and installed files.
 pub fn remove(paths: &RegistryPaths, id: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let id = canonical_id(id);
     if !safe_segment(id) {
         return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("invalid agent id {id}")));
     }
@@ -689,6 +710,20 @@ mod tests {
     const LINUX: Platform = Platform { os: Os::Linux, arch: Arch::X64 };
     const WINDOWS: Platform = Platform { os: Os::Windows, arch: Arch::X64 };
 
+    #[test]
+    fn windows_arm_binary_prefers_native_then_x64() {
+        let mut entry = parse(INDEX).unwrap().remove(0);
+        let arm = Platform { os: Os::Windows, arch: Arch::Arm64 };
+        assert!(matches!(choose(&entry, arm, &|_| false), Some(Choice::Binary(_))));
+        assert!(choose(&entry, Platform { os: Os::Linux, arch: Arch::Arm64 }, &|_| false).is_none());
+        entry.distribution.npx = Some(serde_json::from_str(r#"{"package":"amp-acp"}"#).unwrap());
+        assert!(matches!(choose(&entry, arm, &|_| true), Some(Choice::Npx(_))));
+        let mut native = entry.distribution.binary["windows-x86_64"].clone();
+        native.cmd = "native.exe".into();
+        entry.distribution.binary.insert("windows-aarch64".into(), native);
+        assert!(matches!(choose(&entry, arm, &|_| false), Some(Choice::Binary(b)) if b.cmd == "native.exe"));
+    }
+
     const INDEX: &str = r#"{"version":"1.0.0","agents":[
         {"id":"amp-acp","name":"Amp","version":"0.10.0","description":"Amp over ACP",
          "repository":"https://github.com/x/amp-acp","authors":["x"],"license":"Apache-2.0",
@@ -791,15 +826,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut providers: Vec<AgentProvider> = provider::load(Some(&p.agents_dir))
             .into_iter()
             .filter(|s| s.id == "amp-acp")
-            .map(|s| AgentProvider {
-                id: s.id,
-                name: s.name,
-                command: s.command,
-                installed: false,
-                config: vec![],
-                commands: vec![],
-                source: s.source,
-            })
+            .map(|s| provider::describe(&s))
             .collect();
         mark_updates(&p, &mut providers);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -925,4 +952,56 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(remove(&p, "amp-acp").is_err());
         assert!(p.agent_file("amp-acp").exists());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn maps_github_copilot_cli_to_builtin_copilot_and_tracks_updates() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let p = paths(dir.path());
+        let index = r#"{"agents":[
+            {"id":"github-copilot-cli","name":"Copilot","version":"1.0.105",
+             "description":"GitHub's AI pair programmer",
+             "distribution":{"npx":{"package":"@github/[email protected]","args":["--acp"]}}}
+        ]}"#;
+        let entries = parse(index).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(entries.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!((entries[0].id.as_str(), entries[0].name.as_str()), ("copilot", "GitHub Copilot"));
+
+        let shown = visible(&p, &entries, MAC_ARM, &|c| c == "npm" || c == "node");
+        assert_eq!(shown.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            (shown[0].id.as_str(), shown[0].name.as_str(), shown[0].installed.as_deref()),
+            ("copilot", "GitHub Copilot", None)
+        );
+
+        CustomAgent {
+            name: Some("GitHub Copilot".into()),
+            driver: Driver::Acp,
+            command: "/data/tools/copilot/1.0.104/node_modules/.bin/copilot".into(),
+            args: vec!["--acp".into()],
+            env: BTreeMap::new(),
+            registry: Some(RegistryRef { id: "copilot".into(), version: "1.0.104".into() }),
+        }
+        .write(&p.agent_file("copilot"))
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let shown = visible(&p, &entries, MAC_ARM, &|c| c == "npm" || c == "node");
+        assert_eq!((shown[0].installed.as_deref(), shown[0].update), (Some("1.0.104"), true));
+
+        write_atomic(&p.cache_file, index.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        let spec = provider::load(Some(&p.agents_dir)).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "copilot").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(spec.name, "GitHub Copilot");
+        assert_eq!(spec.login_hint, "Run `copilot` in a terminal and sign in.");
+        assert_eq!(spec.source, AgentSource::Registry { version: "1.0.104".into(), update: None });
+
+        let mut providers = vec![provider::describe(&spec)];
+        mark_updates(&p, &mut providers);
+        assert_eq!(
+            providers[0].source,
+            AgentSource::Registry { version: "1.0.104".into(), update: Some("1.0.105".into()) }
+        );
+
+        remove(&p, "github-copilot-cli").unwrap();
+        let fallback = provider::load(Some(&p.agents_dir)).into_iter().find(|s| s.id == "copilot").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(fallback.source, AgentSource::Builtin);
+    }
 }

crates/ide-agent/src/replay_tests.rs

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ fn config(provider: &str) -> Vec<AgentConfigChoice> {
 
 async fn create(mgr: &AgentManager, provider: &str, prompt: &str) -> String {
     let req = NewAgentTask {
+        project_root: None,
         prompt: text(prompt),
         provider: provider.into(),
         config: config(provider),

crates/ide-agent/src/tests.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ struct FakeAgent {
     /// Every connection's agent side, kept open.
     servers: Mutex<Vec<Peer>>,
     calls: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Without `loadSession` (a session lives only as long as its process).
+    no_load: bool,
 }
 
 impl FakeAgent {
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ impl Handler for FakeAgent {
                 if params.pointer("/clientCapabilities/subagents").is_some_and(Value::is_object) {
                     self.calls.lock().push("subagents".into());
                 }
-                Ok(json!({"protocolVersion": 1, "agentCapabilities": {"loadSession": true,
+                Ok(json!({"protocolVersion": 1, "agentCapabilities": {"loadSession": !self.no_load,
                     "sessionCapabilities": {"fork": {}}, "_meta": {"openidea": {"rollback": true, "steer": true}}}}))
             }
             "session/new" => Ok(json!({"sessionId": "s1",
@@ -145,7 +147,16 @@ impl Handler for FakeAgent {
                     json!({"sessionUpdate": "available_commands_update",
                     "availableCommands": [{"name": "review", "description": "Review", "input": {"hint": "focus"}}]}),
                 );
-                self.update(&session, json!({"sessionUpdate": "usage_update", "used": 50, "size": 1000}));
+                self.update(
+                    &session,
+                    json!({"sessionUpdate": "usage_update", "used": 50, "size": 1000,
+                    "cost": {"amount": 0.25, "currency": "USD"}}),
+                );
+                self.update(
+                    &session,
+                    json!({"sessionUpdate": LIMITS_UPDATE,
+                    "limits": [{"window": "five_hour", "usedPercent": 19.0, "resetsMs": 5000.0}]}),
+                );
                 self.update(&session, json!({"sessionUpdate": "session_info_update", "title": "Lexer fix"}));
                 self.say(&session, "Hi");
                 self.update(
@@ -210,10 +221,11 @@ async fn commands_are_remembered_per_project_and_merged_with_skills_on_disk() {
     let names = |c: Vec<AgentCommand>| c.into_iter().map(|c| c.name).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     let mgr_a = manager_at(&a, &models, Arc::new(FakeAgent::default()));
-    // Before any session: the skills on disk.
+    // Before any session: only the skills on disk.
     assert_eq!(names(mgr_a.commands("claude", None).await.unwrap()), ["triage"]);
     let task = mgr_a
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("Fix the lexer"),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             config: Vec::new(),
@@ -227,6 +239,8 @@ async fn commands_are_remembered_per_project_and_merged_with_skills_on_disk() {
     assert_eq!(names(mgr_a.commands("claude", Some(&task.id)).await.unwrap()), ["review", "triage"]);
     // Other agents get only what they offered.
     assert!(mgr_a.commands("codex", None).await.unwrap().is_empty());
+    mgr_a.cancel(&task.id, None).unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr_a, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
     mgr_a.shutdown();
 
     // Another project shares the settings but not the commands.
@@ -239,6 +253,46 @@ async fn commands_are_remembered_per_project_and_merged_with_skills_on_disk() {
     assert_eq!(names(mgr_a.providers().into_iter().find(|p| p.id == "claude").unwrap().commands), ["review"]);
 }
 
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn builtin_commands_only_fill_verified_gaps_and_preserve_advertised_metadata() {
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
+    let mgr = manager_at(tmp.path(), &tmp.path().join("models.json"), agent);
+    for provider in ["claude", "claude-acp", "opencode2", "codex", "custom"] {
+        assert!(mgr.commands(provider, None).await.unwrap().is_empty(), "{provider}");
+    }
+    let commands = mgr.commands("opencode", None).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(commands.iter().map(|c| c.name.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["compact"]);
+    let task = mgr
+        .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
+            prompt: text("Hello"),
+            provider: "opencode".into(),
+            config: Vec::new(),
+            isolation: Isolation::Local,
+            base: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::NeedsInput).await;
+    let advertised = AgentCommand {
+        name: "compact".into(),
+        description: "Agent supplied description".into(),
+        hint: Some("instructions".into()),
+    };
+    mgr.task(&task.id).unwrap().state.lock().task.commands = vec![advertised.clone()];
+    // The task's provider wins over the caller's provider; metadata is not replaced.
+    let commands = mgr.commands("claude", Some(&task.id)).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(commands.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(commands[0].name, advertised.name);
+    assert_eq!(commands[0].description, advertised.description);
+    assert_eq!(commands[0].hint, advertised.hint);
+    // Finish the in-process agent before Tokio stops driving its permission response.
+    mgr.cancel(&task.id, None).unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    mgr.shutdown();
+}
+
 async fn wait_for(mgr: &AgentManager, id: &str, status: AgentStatus) {
     for _ in 0..500 {
         let task = mgr.task(id).unwrap();
@@ -268,6 +322,7 @@ async fn a_task_runs_asks_for_permission_and_survives_a_restart() {
 
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("Fix the lexer\nmore detail"),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             config: vec![AgentConfigChoice { id: "model".into(), value: "small".into() }],
@@ -314,6 +369,10 @@ async fn a_task_runs_asks_for_permission_and_survives_a_restart() {
         assert_eq!((modes.via, modes.current.as_deref()), (AgentConfigVia::Mode, Some("ask")));
         assert_eq!(t.commands.iter().map(|c| c.name.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["review"]);
         assert_eq!(t.usage.as_ref().map(|u| (u.used, u.size)), Some((50, 1000)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            t.usage.as_ref().and_then(|u| u.cost.clone()),
+            Some(Box::new(AgentCost { amount: 0.25, currency: "USD".into() }))
+        );
         assert_eq!(t.title, "Lexer fix", "the agent's title replaces the prompt's first line");
     }
     mgr.set_config(&task.id, "mode", "code".into()).await.unwrap();
@@ -326,6 +385,18 @@ async fn a_task_runs_asks_for_permission_and_survives_a_restart() {
         assert!(
             events.iter().any(|e| matches!(e, AgentEvent::Task { task } if task.status == AgentStatus::NeedsInput))
         );
+        let limits = events.iter().find_map(|e| match e {
+            AgentEvent::Limits { provider, limits } => Some((provider.as_str(), limits.clone())),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            limits,
+            Some((
+                task.provider.as_str(),
+                vec![AgentLimit { window: "five_hour".into(), used_percent: 19.0, resets_ms: Some(5000.0) }]
+            )),
+            "an agent's usage limits are its provider's"
+        );
         let last_entry = events.iter().rev().find_map(|e| match e {
             AgentEvent::Entry { index, entry, .. } if !matches!(entry, AgentEntry::User { .. }) => {
                 Some((*index, entry.clone()))
@@ -374,6 +445,7 @@ async fn messages_sent_while_busy_are_queued_and_send_now_interrupts() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("wait"),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             config: vec![],
@@ -428,6 +500,7 @@ async fn subagents_get_their_own_conversation() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("delegate"),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             config: vec![],
@@ -521,6 +594,7 @@ async fn cancelling_resolves_the_open_permission_and_delete_forgets_the_task() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), Arc::new(FakeAgent::default()));
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("do it"),
             provider: "codex".into(),
             config: vec![],
@@ -542,6 +616,7 @@ async fn cancelling_resolves_the_open_permission_and_delete_forgets_the_task() {
     assert!(!tmp.path().join("store").join(format!("{}.json", task.id)).exists());
     assert!(
         mgr.create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text(" "),
             provider: "codex".into(),
             config: vec![],
@@ -587,6 +662,7 @@ async fn real_claude_task_in_a_worktree() {
     );
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("Create a file named hello.txt containing the single word hi. Do nothing else."),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             config: vec![AgentConfigChoice { id: "model".into(), value: "haiku".into() }],
@@ -635,6 +711,7 @@ async fn forks_rollbacks_and_steering() {
     let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let new = |prompt: &str| NewAgentTask {
+        project_root: None,
         prompt: text(prompt),
         provider: "claude".into(),
         config: Vec::new(),
@@ -685,6 +762,7 @@ async fn usage_limits_and_late_settings() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("limit"),
             provider: "claude".into(),
             // `effort` isn't offered until the session runs.
@@ -721,12 +799,25 @@ fn retry_updates_become_a_countdown() {
     assert_eq!(retry_of(&json!({"sessionUpdate": RETRY_UPDATE}), 0.0), None, "no attempt");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn usage_limits_and_cost_skip_what_is_malformed() {
+    let limits = config::limits_of(&json!({"sessionUpdate": LIMITS_UPDATE, "limits": [
+        {"window": "seven_day", "usedPercent": 140.0},
+        {"window": "", "usedPercent": 10.0},
+        {"window": "five_hour"},
+    ]}));
+    assert_eq!(limits, [AgentLimit { window: "seven_day".into(), used_percent: 100.0, resets_ms: None }]);
+    let usage = config::usage_of(&json!({"used": 1, "size": 2, "cost": {"amount": -1.0, "currency": "USD"}}));
+    assert_eq!(usage.map(|u| u.cost), Some(None), "a negative cost is dropped, the context use kept");
+}
+
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
 async fn cursor_approval_switch_resolves_pending_and_survives_restart() {
     let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
     let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
     let new = || NewAgentTask {
+        project_root: None,
         prompt: text("Fix"),
         provider: "cursor".into(),
         config: Vec::new(),
@@ -752,15 +843,17 @@ async fn cursor_approval_switch_resolves_pending_and_survives_restart() {
     mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("Fix again"), false).await.unwrap();
     wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
     assert!(!agent.calls.lock().iter().any(|c| c.contains("bypass")));
-    assert!(!config::bypass_approvals("cursor", &mgr.shared.known_config("cursor")));
+    assert!(config::bypass_approvals("cursor", &mgr.shared.known_config("cursor")));
     mgr.set_config(&task.id, config::CURSOR_APPROVAL, "ask".into()).await.unwrap();
     mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("Fix once more"), false).await.unwrap();
     wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::NeedsInput).await;
     mgr.cancel(&task.id, None).unwrap();
     wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
-    // An unrelated new conversation still asks, even after the cache was updated.
+    // A task created without choosing approvals still asks; the New Task page sends the default.
     let other = mgr.create(new()).await.unwrap();
     wait_for(&mgr, &other.id, AgentStatus::NeedsInput).await;
+    mgr.cancel(&other.id, None).unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &other.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
     mgr.shutdown();
 }
 
@@ -770,6 +863,7 @@ async fn cursor_approval_choice_applies_before_first_prompt() {
     let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), Arc::new(FakeAgent::default()));
     let task = mgr
         .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
             prompt: text("Fix"),
             provider: "cursor".into(),
             config: vec![AgentConfigChoice { id: config::CURSOR_APPROVAL.into(), value: "bypass".into() }],
@@ -781,3 +875,237 @@ async fn cursor_approval_choice_applies_before_first_prompt() {
     wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
     mgr.shutdown();
 }
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn archived_tasks_can_be_restored_and_continue_their_session() {
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
+    let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
+    let task = mgr
+        .create(NewAgentTask {
+            project_root: None,
+            prompt: text("again"),
+            provider: "claude".into(),
+            config: vec![],
+            isolation: Isolation::Local,
+            base: None,
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    let entries = mgr.entries(&task.id, None).unwrap();
+    mgr.archive(&task.id).unwrap();
+    assert!(mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("again"), false).await.is_err());
+    mgr.unarchive(&task.id).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(mgr.task(&task.id).unwrap().state.lock().task.status, AgentStatus::Ready);
+    assert!(mgr.task(&task.id).unwrap().live.lock().is_none());
+    assert_eq!(mgr.entries(&task.id, None).unwrap().len(), entries.len());
+    drop(mgr);
+    let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
+    assert_eq!(mgr.task(&task.id).unwrap().state.lock().task.status, AgentStatus::Ready);
+    mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("again"), false).await.unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    assert!(agent.calls.lock().iter().any(|call| call == "session/load"));
+    assert_eq!(mgr.entries(&task.id, None).unwrap().len(), entries.len() + 2);
+    mgr.unarchive(&task.id).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn task_project_root_controls_local_and_worktree_repositories() {
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
+    let member = root.join("project-b");
+    std::fs::create_dir(&member).unwrap();
+    let git = |args: &[&str]| {
+        let out = std::process::Command::new("git")
+            .args(["-c", "user.name=t", "-c", "user.email=t@t", "-c", "commit.gpgsign=false"])
+            .args(args)
+            .current_dir(&member)
+            .output()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(out.status.success(), "{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr));
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).trim().to_owned()
+    };
+    git(&["init", "-q", "-b", "member-main"]);
+    std::fs::write(member.join("file.txt"), "original\n").unwrap();
+    git(&["add", "."]);
+    git(&["commit", "-qm", "initial"]);
+    let mgr = manager(&root, Arc::new(FakeAgent::default()));
+    for isolation in [Isolation::Local, Isolation::Worktree] {
+        let task = mgr
+            .create(NewAgentTask {
+                project_root: Some(IpcPath(member.clone())),
+                prompt: text("member task"),
+                provider: "claude".into(),
+                config: vec![],
+                isolation,
+                base: None,
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::NeedsInput).await;
+        let permission = mgr
+            .entries(&task.id, None)
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .find_map(|e| match e {
+                AgentEntry::Permission { id, .. } => Some(*id),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+        mgr.respond(&task.id, permission, Some("yes".into())).unwrap();
+        wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+        assert_eq!(task.project_root, Some(IpcPath(member.clone())));
+        assert_eq!(task.base.as_deref(), Some("member-main"));
+        if isolation == Isolation::Local {
+            assert_eq!(task.cwd.0, member);
+        } else {
+            assert_ne!(task.cwd.0, member);
+            assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(task.cwd.0.join("file.txt")).unwrap(), "original\n");
+        }
+        std::fs::write(task.cwd.0.join("file.txt"), "changed\n").unwrap();
+        let changes = mgr.changes(&task.id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(changes.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(changes[0].path.0, task.cwd.0.join("file.txt"));
+        assert_eq!(mgr.base_text(&task.id, changes[0].path.0.clone()).await.unwrap().as_deref(), Some("original\n"));
+        let saved = std::fs::read(root.join("store").join(format!("{}.json", task.id))).unwrap();
+        assert!(String::from_utf8(saved).unwrap().contains("projectRoot"));
+        let mut old = serde_json::to_value(&task).unwrap();
+        old.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("projectRoot");
+        assert!(serde_json::from_value::<AgentTask>(old).unwrap().project_root.is_none());
+        mgr.delete(&task.id, true).await.unwrap();
+        if isolation == Isolation::Worktree {
+            assert!(!task.cwd.0.exists());
+        }
+        std::fs::write(member.join("file.txt"), "original\n").unwrap();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(git(&["worktree", "list", "--porcelain"]).matches("worktree ").count(), 1);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn reload_providers_updates_registry_install_clears_stale_probes_and_notifies_subscribers() {
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let agents_dir = tmp.path().join("agents");
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&agents_dir).unwrap();
+    let fake_bin = tmp.path().join(if cfg!(windows) { "copilot.cmd" } else { "copilot" });
+    std::fs::write(&fake_bin, "").unwrap();
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&fake_bin, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
+    let connector: Connector = {
+        let agent = agent.clone();
+        Arc::new(move |_spec, _cwd, client, _stderr| {
+            let (a, b) = duplex(1 << 20);
+            let (ar, aw) = tokio::io::split(a);
+            let (br, bw) = tokio::io::split(b);
+            let server = Peer::connect_framed(br, bw, agent.clone(), Framing::Lines);
+            agent.servers.lock().push(server);
+            Ok(Peer::connect_framed(ar, aw, client, Framing::Lines))
+        })
+    };
+    let mgr = AgentManager::with_connector(
+        AgentPaths {
+            project_root: tmp.path().to_path_buf(),
+            store_dir: tmp.path().join("store"),
+            worktrees_dir: tmp.path().join("worktrees"),
+            models_file: tmp.path().join("models.json"),
+            custom_agents_dir: Some(agents_dir.clone()),
+            home_dir: None,
+        },
+        tokio::runtime::Handle::current(),
+        connector,
+    );
+
+    // Seed a stale failed probe for copilot before installing its custom TOML.
+    mgr.shared.probes.lock().insert(
+        "copilot".into(),
+        AgentProbe {
+            provider: "copilot".into(),
+            name: None,
+            version: None,
+            protocol: "ACP".into(),
+            capabilities: AgentCapabilities::default(),
+            auth_methods: Vec::new(),
+            error: Some("copilot --acp was not found on PATH.".into()),
+        },
+    );
+
+    let events = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+    let events_sink = events.clone();
+    mgr.subscribe(Arc::new(move |ev| events_sink.lock().push(ev)));
+
+    let toml = format!(
+        "name = \"GitHub Copilot\"\ncommand = {:?}\nargs = [\"--acp\", \"--stdio\"]\n",
+        fake_bin.to_string_lossy()
+    );
+    std::fs::write(agents_dir.join("copilot.toml"), toml).unwrap();
+
+    mgr.reload_providers();
+
+    assert!(events.lock().iter().any(|ev| matches!(ev, AgentEvent::Providers)));
+    assert!(!mgr.shared.probes.lock().contains_key("copilot"));
+
+    let copilot = mgr.providers().into_iter().find(|p| p.id == "copilot").unwrap();
+    assert!(copilot.installed);
+    assert!(copilot.command.contains(&*fake_bin.to_string_lossy()));
+
+    let probe = mgr.probe("copilot", false).await.unwrap();
+    assert!(probe.error.is_none());
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+async fn idle_agents_stop_and_resume_their_session_on_the_next_message() {
+    let new = || NewAgentTask {
+        project_root: None,
+        prompt: text("again"),
+        provider: "claude".into(),
+        config: Vec::new(),
+        isolation: Isolation::Local,
+        base: None,
+    };
+    let live =
+        |mgr: &AgentManager, id: &str| mgr.task(id).unwrap().live.lock().as_ref().is_some_and(|l| !l.peer.is_closed());
+
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent::default());
+    let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
+    mgr.set_idle_release(Duration::from_millis(200));
+    let task = mgr.create(new()).await.unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    assert!(live(&mgr, &task.id));
+    // The process is stopped once the task stays idle…
+    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(600)).await;
+    assert!(!live(&mgr, &task.id));
+    assert!(agent.servers.lock()[0].is_closed(), "its connection is closed");
+    assert_eq!(mgr.task(&task.id).unwrap().state.lock().task.status, AgentStatus::Ready, "not an error");
+    // …and the next message starts it again on the same session.
+    mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("again"), false).await.unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    assert!(agent.calls.lock().contains(&"session/load".to_owned()));
+    assert_eq!(
+        mgr.entries(&task.id, None).unwrap().iter().filter(|e| matches!(e, AgentEntry::Agent { .. })).count(),
+        2
+    );
+
+    // A new turn before the delay ran out keeps the agent.
+    mgr.prompt(&task.id, text("again"), false).await.unwrap();
+    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    assert!(live(&mgr, &task.id));
+    mgr.shutdown();
+
+    // An agent that can't reload its session keeps running: stopping it would lose the conversation.
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let agent = Arc::new(FakeAgent { no_load: true, ..FakeAgent::default() });
+    let mgr = manager(tmp.path(), agent.clone());
+    mgr.set_idle_release(Duration::from_millis(200));
+    let task = mgr.create(new()).await.unwrap();
+    wait_for(&mgr, &task.id, AgentStatus::Ready).await;
+    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(600)).await;
+    assert!(live(&mgr, &task.id));
+    mgr.shutdown();
+}

crates/ide-agent/src/timeline.rs

@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ mod tests {
         let user = |sent: f64| AgentEntry::User {
             text: "q".into(),
             attachments: vec![],
+            images: vec![],
             sent_ms: Some(sent),
             done_ms: None,
             steered: false,

crates/ide-agent/src/worktree.rs

@@ -48,13 +48,30 @@ pub(crate) fn create(project_root: &Path, worktrees_dir: &Path, title: &str, bas
     Ok(Created { path, branch, base, base_commit })
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn remove(project_root: &Path, path: &Path) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    repo_at(project_root)?.remove_worktree(path, true)
+/// `git worktree remove --force -- <path>`. When git no longer recognizes the
+/// worktree (a pruned registration, a moved repository, a deleted `.git` file)
+/// it fails with "is not a working tree". A folder under `worktrees_dir` is still
+/// ours, so it is removed directly to keep the task deletable (a stale
+/// registration prunes later); anything else keeps git's error.
+pub(crate) fn remove(project_root: &Path, worktrees_dir: &Path, path: &Path) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let repo = repo_at(project_root)?;
+    let err = match repo.remove_worktree(path, true) {
+        Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
+        Err(e) => e,
+    };
+    if !path.exists() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    if !path.starts_with(worktrees_dir) || path == worktrees_dir {
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(path).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))
 }
 
 /// Files under `cwd` that differ from `base` (untracked files included), with line counts.
+/// Outside a repository there is nothing to compare against: no changes.
 pub(crate) fn changes(cwd: &Path, base: &str) -> IdeResult<Vec<AgentChange>> {
-    let repo = repo_at(cwd)?;
+    let Some(repo) = Repo::discover(cwd)? else { return Ok(Vec::new()) };
     let root = repo.root().to_path_buf();
     let stats = repo.numstat_with_worktree(base)?;
     let stat = |rel: &str| stats.iter().find(|(p, ..)| p == rel).map_or((0, 0), |&(_, a, r)| (a, r));
@@ -96,7 +113,7 @@ pub(crate) fn without_untouched(changes: Vec<AgentChange>, before: &BTreeMap<Str
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn file_at(cwd: &Path, path: &Path, rev: &str) -> IdeResult<Option<String>> {
-    let repo = repo_at(cwd)?;
+    let Some(repo) = Repo::discover(cwd)? else { return Ok(None) };
     let encoding = match ide_vfs::load_text(path) {
         Ok(loaded) => encoding_rs::Encoding::for_label(loaded.encoding.as_bytes()).unwrap_or(encoding_rs::UTF_8),
         Err(_) => ide_vfs::detect_encoding(&repo.file_bytes_at(path, Some(rev))?.unwrap_or_default(), None),
@@ -141,6 +158,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(unique_slug("x", |s| s == "x" || s == "x-2"), "x-3");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn outside_a_repository_there_is_nothing_to_compare() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dir = tmp.path().join("plain");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&dir).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.join("a.txt"), "one\n").unwrap();
+
+        assert!(changes(&dir, "HEAD").unwrap().is_empty());
+        assert!(snapshot(&dir).unwrap().is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(file_at(&dir, &dir.join("a.txt"), "HEAD").unwrap(), None);
+        assert!(create(&dir, &tmp.path().join("wt"), "Edit A", None).is_err());
+        assert!(remove(&dir, tmp.path(), &dir).is_err());
+    }
+
     fn git(dir: &Path, args: &[&str]) {
         let ok = std::process::Command::new("git")
             .args(["-c", "user.name=t", "-c", "user.email=t@t", "-c", "commit.gpgsign=false"])
@@ -187,7 +218,38 @@ mod tests {
 
         // A second task with the same title gets its own worktree.
         assert_eq!(create(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), "Edit A", None).unwrap().branch, "agent/edit-a-2");
-        remove(&repo, &created.path).unwrap();
+        remove(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), &created.path).unwrap();
         assert!(!created.path.exists());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_broken_worktree_registration_still_leaves_a_deletable_folder() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let repo = tmp.path().join("repo");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&repo).unwrap();
+        git(&repo, &["init", "-q", "-b", "main"]);
+        std::fs::write(repo.join("a.txt"), "one\n").unwrap();
+        git(&repo, &["add", "."]);
+        git(&repo, &["commit", "-q", "-m", "init"]);
+
+        // A pruned registration (the repository moved, `git worktree prune` ran).
+        let created = create(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), "Edit A", None).unwrap();
+        let registration = repo.join(".git/worktrees").join(created.path.file_name().unwrap());
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(registration).unwrap();
+        remove(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), &created.path).unwrap();
+        assert!(!created.path.exists());
+
+        // A deleted `.git` file in the worktree itself.
+        let created = create(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), "Edit B", None).unwrap();
+        std::fs::remove_file(created.path.join(".git")).unwrap();
+        remove(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), &created.path).unwrap();
+        assert!(!created.path.exists());
+
+        // A folder outside the worktrees directory is never deleted by hand.
+        let elsewhere = tmp.path().join("elsewhere");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&elsewhere).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(elsewhere.join("keep.txt"), "x\n").unwrap();
+        assert!(remove(&repo, &tmp.path().join("wt"), &elsewhere).is_err());
+        assert!(elsewhere.join("keep.txt").exists());
+    }
 }

crates/ide-build/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@ license.workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 dunce.workspace = true
 ide-core.workspace = true
+zip.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 specta.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 dirs.workspace = true
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2"
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile.workspace = true

crates/ide-build/src/application_update.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+//! Resource processing by the project's build tool, then publishing to the live JVM's output directory.
+use crate::BuildModel;
+use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+pub struct ResourceBuild {
+    pub command: String,
+    pub args: Vec<String>,
+    pub cwd: String,
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    pub kind: &'static str,
+}
+
+fn literal(value: &str) -> String {
+    format!("'{}'", value.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('\'', "\\'"))
+}
+
+pub fn plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, module: &Path, cache: &Path) -> IdeResult<ResourceBuild> {
+    fs::create_dir_all(cache)?;
+    let manifest = cache.join("resource-output.txt");
+    if manifest.exists() {
+        fs::remove_file(&manifest)?;
+    }
+    let module = dunce::canonicalize(root.join(module))?;
+    if let Some(p) = model.maven.as_ref().and_then(|m| m.projects.iter().find(|p| root.join(&p.dir) == module)) {
+        let mut args = p.options.clone();
+        args.extend([
+            "process-resources".into(),
+            "help:evaluate".into(),
+            "-Dexpression=project.build.outputDirectory".into(),
+            format!("-Doutput={}", manifest.display()),
+        ]);
+        return Ok(ResourceBuild {
+            command: p.command.clone(),
+            args,
+            cwd: p.dir.clone(),
+            env: p.env.clone(),
+            kind: "maven",
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(g) = &model.gradle
+        && let Some(p) = g.projects.iter().find(|p| root.join(&p.dir) == module)
+    {
+        let script = cache.join("resources.init.gradle");
+        fs::write(
+            &script,
+            format!(
+                r#"gradle.projectsEvaluated {{
+    def p = gradle.rootProject.project({})
+    def resources = p.tasks.named('processResources')
+    p.tasks.register('openideaUpdateResources') {{
+        dependsOn resources
+        doLast {{ new File({}).setText(resources.get().destinationDir.absolutePath, 'UTF-8') }}
+    }}
+}}
+"#,
+                literal(&p.path),
+                literal(&manifest.to_string_lossy())
+            ),
+        )?;
+        return Ok(ResourceBuild {
+            command: g.command.clone(),
+            args: vec![
+                "--init-script".into(),
+                script.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                format!("{}:openideaUpdateResources", p.path.trim_end_matches(':')),
+            ],
+            cwd: g.dir.clone(),
+            env: g.env.clone(),
+            kind: "gradle",
+        });
+    }
+    Err(IdeError::invalid("The Spring Boot module must belong to a linked Maven or Gradle build"))
+}
+
+pub fn publish(root: &Path, cache: &Path, class_paths: &[String], main_class: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let output = PathBuf::from(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("resource-output.txt"))?.trim());
+    if !output.is_absolute() || !output.is_dir() {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid("The resource build did not report an output directory"));
+    }
+    let output = dunce::canonicalize(output)?;
+    let paths: Vec<_> = class_paths.iter().filter_map(|p| dunce::canonicalize(root.join(p)).ok()).collect();
+    // A separate resource directory is already on the runtime classpath (e.g. build/resources/main).
+    if paths.contains(&output) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    // jdtls uses bin/main for Gradle, rather than Gradle's build/resources/main.
+    let class_file = main_class.split('.').collect::<PathBuf>().with_extension("class");
+    let destination = paths.iter().find(|p| p.join(&class_file).is_file()).ok_or_else(|| {
+        IdeError::invalid("Cannot find the running main class output directory; restart the application")
+    })?;
+    let previous: Vec<String> = fs::read(cache.join("published-resources.json"))
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|bytes| serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).ok())
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut current = Vec::new();
+    copy_resources(&output, &output, destination, &mut current)?;
+    for rel in previous.iter().filter(|p| !current.contains(p)) {
+        let path = destination.join(rel);
+        if path.is_file() {
+            fs::remove_file(path)?;
+        }
+    }
+    fs::write(
+        cache.join("published-resources.json"),
+        serde_json::to_vec(&current).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?,
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn copy_resources(root: &Path, from: &Path, to: &Path, copied: &mut Vec<String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(from)? {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+        let kind = entry.file_type()?;
+        if kind.is_symlink() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if kind.is_dir() {
+            copy_resources(root, &path, to, copied)?;
+        } else if kind.is_file() && path.extension().is_none_or(|e| e != "class") {
+            let rel = path.strip_prefix(root).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?;
+            let dest = to.join(rel);
+            if let Some(parent) = dest.parent() {
+                fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+            }
+            fs::copy(&path, dest)?;
+            copied.push(rel.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resource_plans_use_the_selected_module_and_build_configuration() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir(root.join("app")).unwrap();
+        let mut model = BuildModel {
+            maven: Some(crate::MavenModel {
+                projects: vec![crate::MavenProject {
+                    dir: "app".into(),
+                    command: "/tools/mvnw".into(),
+                    options: vec!["-Pdev".into()],
+                    env: BTreeMap::from([("JAVA_HOME".into(), "/jdk".into())]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }],
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let cache = root.join("cache");
+        let maven = plan(&root, &model, Path::new("app"), &cache).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(maven.command, "/tools/mvnw");
+        assert_eq!(maven.cwd, "app");
+        assert_eq!(maven.args[0..2], ["-Pdev", "process-resources"]);
+        assert!(maven.args.contains(&"-Dexpression=project.build.outputDirectory".into()));
+        assert_eq!(maven.env["JAVA_HOME"], "/jdk");
+        model.maven = None;
+        model.gradle = Some(crate::GradleModel {
+            command: "/tools/gradlew".into(),
+            projects: vec![crate::GradleProject { path: ":app".into(), dir: "app".into(), ..Default::default() }],
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        let gradle = plan(&root, &model, Path::new("app"), &cache).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(gradle.command, "/tools/gradlew");
+        assert_eq!(gradle.args.last().unwrap(), ":app:openideaUpdateResources");
+        let script = fs::read_to_string(cache.join("resources.init.gradle")).unwrap();
+        assert!(script.contains("processResources") && script.contains("destinationDir.absolutePath"));
+        assert!(!script.contains("build/resources/main")); // The task owns custom output locations.
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn publishes_maven_and_gradle_resource_outputs_to_the_runtime_classpath() {
+        for layout in ["target/classes", "build/resources/main", "custom resource output"] {
+            let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+            let root = tmp.path();
+            let cache = root.join("cache");
+            let output = root.join(layout);
+            let runtime = if layout == "target/classes" { output.clone() } else { root.join("bin/main") };
+            fs::create_dir_all(output.join("static")).unwrap();
+            fs::create_dir_all(runtime.join("example")).unwrap();
+            fs::create_dir_all(&cache).unwrap();
+            fs::write(cache.join("resource-output.txt"), output.to_string_lossy().as_bytes()).unwrap();
+            fs::write(output.join("static/index.html"), "after").unwrap();
+            fs::write(output.join("unrelated.class"), "do not publish").unwrap();
+            fs::write(runtime.join("example/Application.class"), "running").unwrap();
+            publish(root, &cache, &[runtime.to_string_lossy().into_owned()], "example.Application").unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(runtime.join("static/index.html")).unwrap(), "after");
+            assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(runtime.join("example/Application.class")).unwrap(), "running");
+            if output != runtime {
+                assert!(!runtime.join("unrelated.class").exists());
+                fs::remove_file(output.join("static/index.html")).unwrap();
+                publish(root, &cache, &[runtime.to_string_lossy().into_owned()], "example.Application").unwrap();
+                assert!(!runtime.join("static/index.html").exists());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn leaves_separate_runtime_resource_directories_in_place_and_rejects_jar_only_runs() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        let output = root.join("build/resources/main");
+        let cache = root.join("cache");
+        fs::create_dir_all(&output).unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir(&cache).unwrap();
+        fs::write(cache.join("resource-output.txt"), output.to_string_lossy().as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        publish(root, &cache, &[output.to_string_lossy().into_owned()], "a.Main").unwrap();
+        assert!(publish(root, &cache, &["app.jar".into()], "a.Main").is_err());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-build/src/compile/fingerprint.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+//! Metadata fingerprints for successful Maven launch builds.
+use super::*;
+use std::fs;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LaunchFingerprint {
+    version: u32,
+    parameters: String,
+    files: BTreeMap<PathBuf, Option<(u64, SystemTime)>>,
+}
+
+fn scan(
+    path: &Path,
+    files: &mut BTreeMap<PathBuf, Option<(u64, SystemTime)>>,
+    ancestors: &mut HashSet<PathBuf>,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
+) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    if cancel.is_cancelled() {
+        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
+    }
+    let meta = match fs::metadata(path) {
+        Ok(meta) => meta,
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            files.insert(path.to_path_buf(), None);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+    };
+    if meta.is_dir() {
+        let canonical = dunce::canonicalize(path)?;
+        if !ancestors.insert(canonical.clone()) {
+            return Err(IdeError::internal("cyclic launch input directory"));
+        }
+        // Directory mtimes change on irrelevant JDT writes. File paths detect additions/deletions.
+        files.insert(path.to_path_buf(), None);
+        for entry in fs::read_dir(path)? {
+            scan(&entry?.path(), files, ancestors, cancel)?;
+        }
+        ancestors.remove(&canonical);
+    } else if meta.is_file() {
+        files.insert(path.to_path_buf(), Some((meta.len(), meta.modified()?)));
+    } else {
+        return Err(IdeError::internal("unsupported launch input file"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `None` means an input cannot be resolved safely: build normally without reuse.
+/// All filesystem work belongs on the caller's blocking thread.
+pub fn launch_fingerprint(
+    root: &Path,
+    model: &BuildModel,
+    module: &Path,
+    test: bool,
+    local_repo: Option<PathBuf>,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
+) -> IdeResult<Option<LaunchFingerprint>> {
+    let Some(m) = &model.maven else { return Ok(None) };
+    let projects = maven_launch_projects(root, m, module, test);
+    if projects.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    let Some(mut inputs) = maven::launch_inputs(root, &projects, local_repo) else { return Ok(None) };
+    let plan = launch_plan(root, model, module, test)?;
+    let mut environment: BTreeMap<String, String> = std::env::vars()
+        .map(|(key, value)| (key.to_ascii_uppercase(), value))
+        .filter(|(key, _)| {
+            key.starts_with("MAVEN_")
+                || key.starts_with("JAVA_")
+                || key.starts_with("JDK_")
+                || matches!(
+                    key.as_str(),
+                    "PATH" | "HOME" | "LANG" | "LC_ALL" | "_JAVA_OPTIONS" | "M2_HOME" | "MAVEN_HOME"
+                )
+        })
+        .collect();
+    // Explicit step values override the inherited environment just as they do in Command.
+    for step in &plan.steps {
+        environment.extend(step.env.iter().map(|(key, value)| (key.to_ascii_uppercase(), value.clone())));
+        for dir in step.cwd.ancestors() {
+            inputs.extend([dir.join(".mvn"), dir.join("mvnw"), dir.join("mvnw.cmd")]);
+            if dir == root {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        let program = process::program_path(&step.program, &step.env);
+        inputs.push(program.clone());
+        // Maven installed via a symlink still reads conf from its distribution.
+        if let Ok(program) = dunce::canonicalize(program)
+            && let Some(home) = program.parent().and_then(Path::parent)
+        {
+            for conf in ["conf", "libexec/conf"] {
+                inputs.extend([home.join(conf).join("settings.xml"), home.join(conf).join("toolchains.xml")]);
+            }
+        }
+        if !environment.contains_key("JAVA_HOME") {
+            let java = process::program_path(if cfg!(windows) { "java.exe" } else { "java" }, &step.env);
+            inputs.push(java.clone());
+            if let Ok(java) = dunce::canonicalize(java)
+                && let Some(home) = java.parent().and_then(Path::parent)
+            {
+                inputs.push(home.join("release"));
+            }
+        }
+        for (i, arg) in step.args.iter().enumerate() {
+            if matches!(arg.as_str(), "-s" | "--settings" | "-gs" | "--global-settings" | "-t" | "--toolchains")
+                && let Some(file) = step.args.get(i + 1)
+            {
+                inputs.push(step.cwd.join(file));
+            }
+            for prefix in ["--settings=", "--global-settings=", "--toolchains="] {
+                if let Some(file) = arg.strip_prefix(prefix) {
+                    inputs.push(step.cwd.join(file));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(home) = dirs::home_dir() {
+        inputs.extend([home.join(".m2/settings.xml"), home.join(".m2/toolchains.xml")]);
+    }
+    for key in ["MAVEN_HOME", "M2_HOME"] {
+        if let Some(home) = environment.get(key) {
+            inputs.extend([Path::new(home).join("conf/settings.xml"), Path::new(home).join("conf/toolchains.xml")]);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(home) = environment.get("JAVA_HOME") {
+        inputs.extend([
+            Path::new(home).join("release"),
+            Path::new(home).join("lib/modules"),
+            Path::new(home).join("lib/tools.jar"),
+            Path::new(home).join(if cfg!(windows) { "bin/java.exe" } else { "bin/java" }),
+        ]);
+    }
+    let steps: Vec<_> =
+        plan.steps.iter().map(|s| (process::program_path(&s.program, &s.env), &s.args, &s.cwd, &s.env)).collect();
+    // Profiles and plugins can read arbitrary environment variables. Keep a signature
+    // of the inherited environment without persisting unrelated credentials.
+    let inherited: BTreeMap<_, _> = std::env::vars_os().collect();
+    let mut inherited_hash = std::hash::DefaultHasher::new();
+    inherited.hash(&mut inherited_hash);
+    let parameters =
+        serde_json::to_string(&(root, module, test, steps, environment, inherited_hash.finish(), projects))
+            .map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?;
+    let mut files = BTreeMap::new();
+    for path in inputs {
+        scan(&path, &mut files, &mut HashSet::new(), cancel)?;
+    }
+    // Store project inputs relative to the project, including each file's relative path.
+    let files = files.into_iter().map(|(p, stamp)| (p.strip_prefix(root).unwrap_or(&p).to_path_buf(), stamp)).collect();
+    Ok(Some(LaunchFingerprint { version: 1, parameters, files }))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn write(root: &Path, rel: &str, value: &str) {
+        let path = root.join(rel);
+        fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        fs::write(path, value).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn fixture(root: &Path) -> BuildModel {
+        write(
+            root,
+            "pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version>
+            <packaging>pom</packaging><modules><module>lib</module><module>app</module></modules></project>"#,
+        );
+        write(
+            root,
+            "lib/pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version></parent>
+            <artifactId>lib</artifactId><build><sourceDirectory>code</sourceDirectory><resources><resource><directory>conf</directory></resource></resources></build></project>"#,
+        );
+        write(
+            root,
+            "app/pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version></parent>
+            <artifactId>app</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>lib</artifactId><version>1</version></dependency></dependencies></project>"#,
+        );
+        write(root, "lib/src/main/kotlin/Channel.kt", "value");
+        write(root, "app/src/main/resources/app.properties", "key=value");
+        write(root, "lib/conf/custom.properties", "custom=value");
+        write(root, "lib/code/Custom.java", "class Custom {}");
+        BuildModel { maven: Some(maven::load(root)), ..Default::default() }
+    }
+
+    fn fingerprint(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel) -> Option<LaunchFingerprint> {
+        launch_fingerprint(root, model, &root.join("app"), false, None, &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unchanged_inputs_match_but_source_resource_pom_add_delete_and_mtime_invalidate() {
+        for rel in [
+            "lib/src/main/kotlin/Channel.kt",
+            "app/src/main/resources/app.properties",
+            "lib/conf/custom.properties",
+            "lib/code/Custom.java",
+            "app/pom.xml",
+            "lib/pom.xml",
+            "pom.xml",
+            ".mvn/maven.config",
+            "lib/src/main/groovy/New.groovy",
+            "app/src/test/scala/Test.scala",
+        ] {
+            let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+            let root = dir.path();
+            let model = fixture(root);
+            let before = fingerprint(root, &model);
+            assert!(before.is_some());
+            assert_eq!(before, fingerprint(root, &model), "unchanged {rel}");
+            let serialized = serde_json::to_vec(&before).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(before, serde_json::from_slice(&serialized).unwrap());
+            let value = if rel.ends_with("pom.xml") {
+                format!("{}<!-- changed -->", fs::read_to_string(root.join(rel)).unwrap())
+            } else {
+                "changed input".to_owned()
+            };
+            write(root, rel, &value);
+            let changed = fingerprint(root, &model);
+            assert_ne!(before, changed, "changed/added {rel}");
+            let file = fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).open(root.join(rel)).unwrap();
+            file.set_modified(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + std::time::Duration::from_secs(42)).unwrap();
+            let touched = fingerprint(root, &model);
+            assert_ne!(changed, touched, "mtime-only {rel}");
+            fs::remove_file(root.join(rel)).unwrap();
+            assert_ne!(touched, fingerprint(root, &model), "deleted {rel}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn profile_options_jdk_goal_and_wrapper_invalidate_without_using_class_outputs() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dir.path();
+        let mut model = fixture(root);
+        let before = fingerprint(root, &model);
+        write(root, "lib/target/classes/Channel.class", "JDT stub");
+        write(root, "app/target/classes/Main.class", "JDT stub");
+        assert_eq!(before, fingerprint(root, &model));
+        let mut previous = before.clone();
+        for option in ["-Pdev", "-Pprod", "-DskipTests", "-o"] {
+            model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].options = vec![option.into()];
+            let current = fingerprint(root, &model);
+            assert_ne!(previous, current, "{option}");
+            previous = current;
+        }
+        model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].options.clear();
+        model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0]
+            .env
+            .insert("JAVA_HOME".into(), root.join("jdk").to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+        let jdk = fingerprint(root, &model);
+        assert_ne!(before, jdk);
+        write(root, "jdk/release", "JAVA_VERSION=21");
+        assert_ne!(jdk, fingerprint(root, &model));
+        model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].env.clear();
+        let test = launch_fingerprint(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true, None, &CancellationToken::new())
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_ne!(before, Some(test));
+        write(root, "mvnw", "wrapper changed");
+        assert_ne!(before, fingerprint(root, &model));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unresolved_roots_and_cancel_never_claim_up_to_date() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dir.path();
+        let model = fixture(root);
+        write(
+            root,
+            "lib/pom.xml",
+            "<project><artifactId>lib</artifactId><build><sourceDirectory>${unknown}/src</sourceDirectory></build></project>",
+        );
+        assert!(
+            launch_fingerprint(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false, None, &CancellationToken::new())
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        let model = fixture(root);
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        cancel.cancel();
+        assert!(launch_fingerprint(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false, None, &cancel).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn external_parent_and_selected_settings_files_invalidate() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = dir.path().join("project");
+        let repo = dir.path().join("repository");
+        write(
+            &repo,
+            "demo/parent/1/parent-1.pom",
+            "<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version></project>",
+        );
+        write(
+            &root,
+            "pom.xml",
+            "<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version><relativePath/></parent><artifactId>app</artifactId></project>",
+        );
+        let mut model = crate::load(&root, &root.join("cache"), Some(repo.clone()));
+        let settings = dir.path().join("custom-settings.xml");
+        fs::write(&settings, "<settings/>").unwrap();
+        model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].options = vec!["-s".into(), settings.to_string_lossy().into_owned()];
+        let get =
+            || launch_fingerprint(&root, &model, &root, false, Some(repo.clone()), &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap();
+        let before = get();
+        assert!(before.is_some());
+        write(
+            &repo,
+            "demo/parent/1/parent-1.pom",
+            "<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version><!-- changed --></project>",
+        );
+        let parent = get();
+        assert_ne!(before, parent);
+        fs::write(settings, "<settings><activeProfiles><activeProfile>dev</activeProfile></activeProfiles></settings>")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_ne!(parent, get());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-build/src/compile/mod.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
 //! background with cancellation and parses the compiler output into messages
 //! for the Build tool window, the Problems view and the editor.
 
+mod fingerprint;
 mod parse;
 
+pub use fingerprint::{LaunchFingerprint, launch_fingerprint};
+
 use crate::process::{self, Stream};
 use crate::{BuildModel, maven};
+use ide_core::settings::CMakeProfile;
 use ide_core::{CancellationToken, Diagnostic, IdeError, IdeResult, Pos, Range, Severity};
 use parse::{ColUnit, Format, OutputParser, RawMessage};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -38,6 +42,8 @@ pub enum BuildSystem {
     Go,
     #[serde(rename = "typescript")]
     TypeScript,
+    #[serde(rename = "cmake")]
+    CMake,
 }
 
 /// One command of a build.
@@ -149,14 +155,19 @@ fn detect_dir(dir: &Path, model: &BuildModel, root: &Path) -> Option<BuildSystem
         Some(BuildSystem::Go)
     } else if has(dir, &["tsconfig.json", "package.json"]) {
         Some(BuildSystem::TypeScript)
+    } else if has(dir, &["CMakeLists.txt"]) {
+        Some(BuildSystem::CMake)
     } else {
         None
     }
 }
 
 /// `root/rel`, without a trailing separator for the root itself.
+/// `root` / `rel`, joined per `/`-separated component: on Windows a single join of
+/// `a/b` keeps the `/`, and such a path does not compare equal to the same directory
+/// as other tools (JDT LS) spell it.
 fn subdir(root: &Path, rel: &str) -> PathBuf {
-    if rel.is_empty() { root.to_path_buf() } else { root.join(rel) }
+    rel.split('/').filter(|part| !part.is_empty()).fold(root.to_path_buf(), |path, part| path.join(part))
 }
 
 fn rel_str(root: &Path, dir: &Path) -> String {
@@ -170,7 +181,14 @@ fn ancestors_within<'a>(root: &'a Path, file: &'a Path) -> impl Iterator<Item =
 }
 
 /// The build of `root`, or of the module containing `file` (Build Module / Recompile).
-pub fn plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, file: Option<&Path>) -> IdeResult<BuildPlan> {
+/// `cmake`: the CMake profiles of the settings (the first one is built), if any.
+pub fn plan(
+    root: &Path,
+    model: &BuildModel,
+    kind: BuildKind,
+    file: Option<&Path>,
+    cmake: Option<&[CMakeProfile]>,
+) -> IdeResult<BuildPlan> {
     let project_name = root.file_name().map_or_else(|| "project".to_owned(), |n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
     let module_dir = match file {
         Some(f) => {
@@ -182,9 +200,13 @@ pub fn plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, file: Option<&Path
         None => None,
     };
     let dir = module_dir.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| root.to_path_buf());
+    // A folder of sibling projects has no build file itself; its Maven projects are built one by one.
     let system = detect_dir(&dir, model, root)
         .or_else(|| if model.gradle.is_some() { Some(BuildSystem::Gradle) } else { None })
-        .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no supported build system (Maven, Gradle, Cargo, Go, TypeScript) found"))?;
+        .or_else(|| model.maven.as_ref().filter(|m| !m.projects.is_empty()).map(|_| BuildSystem::Maven))
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+            IdeError::not_found("no supported build system (Maven, Gradle, Cargo, Go, TypeScript, CMake) found")
+        })?;
     let module = module_dir.as_deref().filter(|d| *d != root);
     let title = match module {
         Some(d) => format!(
@@ -201,6 +223,7 @@ pub fn plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, file: Option<&Path
         // Go builds the file's package (a module holds many).
         BuildSystem::Go => go_steps(file.and_then(Path::parent).unwrap_or(&dir), kind),
         BuildSystem::TypeScript => ts_steps(&dir, kind),
+        BuildSystem::CMake => cmake_steps(&dir, kind, cmake.and_then(<[_]>::first)),
     };
     Ok(BuildPlan { system, title, steps })
 }
@@ -237,12 +260,7 @@ fn maven_steps(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, module: Option<
     if !m.projects.iter().any(|p| p.dir == rel) {
         return Err(IdeError::not_found("no linked Maven project found for module"));
     }
-    let top = tops
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|t| t.dir.is_empty() || rel == t.dir || rel.starts_with(&format!("{}/", t.dir)))
-        .max_by_key(|t| t.dir.len())
-        .copied()
-        .unwrap_or(tops[0]);
+    let top = maven_reactor(m, &rel).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no linked Maven project found for module"))?;
     let top_dir = subdir(root, &top.dir);
     if module == top_dir {
         return Ok(vec![step(top, &[])]);
@@ -299,6 +317,50 @@ fn cargo_steps(dir: &Path, kind: BuildKind) -> Vec<BuildStep> {
     }
 }
 
+/// CLion's Build Project for a CMake project: configures the build directory when it has no
+/// `CMakeCache.txt` yet, then `cmake --build` (`--clean-first` to rebuild). The directory and
+/// options come from the CMake profile; without one, a configured directory of the project
+/// (the first by name), else `build`, as the generated run configurations use.
+fn cmake_steps(dir: &Path, kind: BuildKind, profile: Option<&CMakeProfile>) -> Vec<BuildStep> {
+    let build_dir = match profile {
+        Some(p) if !p.build_dir.trim().is_empty() => p.build_dir.trim().to_owned(),
+        Some(p) => format!("cmake-build-{}", p.build_type.to_lowercase()),
+        None => {
+            let mut configured: Vec<String> = std::fs::read_dir(dir)
+                .into_iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .flatten()
+                .filter(|e| e.path().join("CMakeCache.txt").is_file())
+                .map(|e| e.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+                .collect();
+            configured.sort();
+            configured.into_iter().next().unwrap_or_else(|| "build".into())
+        }
+    };
+    let build_type = profile.map_or("Debug", |p| p.build_type.as_str());
+    let env = profile.map(|p| p.env.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut steps = Vec::new();
+    if !dir.join(&build_dir).join("CMakeCache.txt").is_file() {
+        let mut configure = BuildStep::new("cmake", &["-S", ".", "-B", &build_dir], dir, Format::Gcc);
+        if let Some(p) = profile.filter(|p| !p.generator.trim().is_empty()) {
+            configure.args.extend(["-G".into(), p.generator.clone()]);
+        }
+        configure.args.push(format!("-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE={build_type}"));
+        configure.args.push("-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON".into());
+        configure.args.extend(profile.map(|p| p.cmake_args.clone()).unwrap_or_default());
+        configure.env = env.clone();
+        steps.push(configure);
+    }
+    let mut build = BuildStep::new("cmake", &["--build", &build_dir, "--config", build_type], dir, Format::Gcc);
+    if kind == BuildKind::Rebuild {
+        build.args.push("--clean-first".into());
+    }
+    build.args.extend(profile.map(|p| p.build_args.clone()).unwrap_or_default());
+    build.env = env;
+    steps.push(build);
+    steps
+}
+
 fn go_steps(dir: &Path, kind: BuildKind) -> Vec<BuildStep> {
     let module_root = dir.ancestors().find(|d| d.join("go.mod").is_file()).unwrap_or(dir);
     let target = if module_root == dir { "./...".to_owned() } else { format!("./{}/...", rel_str(module_root, dir)) };
@@ -611,6 +673,90 @@ pub fn has_non_java_sources(module: &Path) -> bool {
     walk(&module.join("src"), 12)
 }
 
+fn reactor_projects<'a>(m: &'a maven::MavenModel, top: &'a maven::MavenProject) -> Vec<&'a maven::MavenProject> {
+    let mut projects = Vec::new();
+    let mut pending = vec![top];
+    let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+    while let Some(p) = pending.pop() {
+        if !seen.insert(&p.pom) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        projects.push(p);
+        pending.extend(m.projects.iter().filter(|child| p.modules.contains(&child.pom)));
+    }
+    projects
+}
+
+fn maven_reactor<'a>(m: &'a maven::MavenModel, module: &str) -> Option<&'a maven::MavenProject> {
+    m.projects.iter().filter(|p| !p.aggregated).find(|top| reactor_projects(m, top).iter().any(|p| p.dir == module))
+}
+
+/// Launch module first, followed by its upstream modules in the same Maven reactor.
+/// External artifacts and unrelated linked reactors are never rebuilt for this launch.
+fn maven_launch_projects<'a>(
+    root: &Path,
+    m: &'a maven::MavenModel,
+    module: &Path,
+    test: bool,
+) -> Vec<&'a maven::MavenProject> {
+    let rel = rel_str(root, module);
+    let Some(top) = maven_reactor(m, &rel) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let reactor = reactor_projects(m, top);
+    let Some(start) = reactor.iter().find(|p| p.dir == rel) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let mut pending = vec![*start];
+    let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+    let mut projects = Vec::new();
+    while let Some(p) = pending.pop() {
+        if !seen.insert(&p.pom) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        projects.push(p);
+        for dep in &p.dependencies {
+            if !dep.resolved() || (dep.scope == "test" && (!test || p.pom != start.pom)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if let Some(upstream) = reactor.iter().find(|u| {
+                u.group_id == dep.group_id
+                    && u.artifact_id == dep.artifact_id
+                    && dep.version.as_ref().is_none_or(|v| *v == u.version)
+            }) {
+                pending.push(*upstream);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    projects
+}
+
+/// Whether a launch requires the external JVM compiler. Maven includes upstream
+/// reactor dependencies; adapter selection remains a separate, module-local decision.
+pub fn launch_has_non_java_sources(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, module: &Path, test: bool) -> bool {
+    if let Some(m) = &model.maven {
+        let projects = maven_launch_projects(root, m, module, test);
+        if !projects.is_empty() {
+            return projects.iter().any(|p| has_non_java_sources(&subdir(root, &p.dir)));
+        }
+    }
+    has_non_java_sources(module)
+}
+
+fn launch_plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, module: &Path, test: bool) -> IdeResult<BuildPlan> {
+    let kind = if model.maven.as_ref().is_some_and(|m| m.projects.iter().any(|p| subdir(root, &p.dir) == module)) {
+        // JDT may have left newer error stubs in Maven's output directories.
+        BuildKind::Rebuild
+    } else {
+        BuildKind::Build
+    };
+    let mut plan = plan(root, model, kind, Some(module), None)?;
+    if plan.system == BuildSystem::Maven && !test {
+        for step in &mut plan.steps {
+            if let Some(goal) = step.args.last_mut() {
+                *goal = "compile".into();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(plan)
+}
+
 /// Compiles the module at `module` with its build system before a JVM launch and
 /// returns the class directories it wrote, to put ahead of the jdtls classpath.
 pub fn build_for_launch(
@@ -620,7 +766,7 @@ pub fn build_for_launch(
     test: bool,
     cancel: &CancellationToken,
 ) -> IdeResult<Vec<PathBuf>> {
-    let plan = plan(root, model, BuildKind::Build, Some(module))?;
+    let plan = launch_plan(root, model, module, test)?;
     let result = run(root, &plan, cancel, &|_| {})?;
     if !result.success {
         let errors: Vec<String> = result
@@ -635,6 +781,14 @@ pub fn build_for_launch(
             .collect();
         return Err(IdeError::internal(format!("Build failed:\n{}", errors.join("\n"))));
     }
+    if plan.system == BuildSystem::Maven
+        && let Some(m) = &model.maven
+    {
+        return Ok(maven_launch_projects(root, m, module, test)
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|p| launch_class_dirs(plan.system, &subdir(root, &p.dir), test && subdir(root, &p.dir) == module))
+            .collect());
+    }
     Ok(launch_class_dirs(plan.system, module, test))
 }
 
@@ -645,11 +799,11 @@ fn launch_class_dirs(system: BuildSystem, module: &Path, test: bool) -> Vec<Path
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|s| {
                 ["classes/kotlin", "classes/groovy", "classes/scala", "classes/java", "resources"]
-                    .map(|d| module.join("build").join(d).join(s))
+                    .map(|d| subdir(module, &format!("build/{d}/{s}")))
             })
             .collect(),
-        BuildSystem::Maven if test => vec![module.join("target/test-classes"), module.join("target/classes")],
-        BuildSystem::Maven => vec![module.join("target/classes")],
+        BuildSystem::Maven if test => vec![subdir(module, "target/test-classes"), subdir(module, "target/classes")],
+        BuildSystem::Maven => vec![subdir(module, "target/classes")],
         _ => Vec::new(),
     };
     dirs.into_iter().filter(|d| d.is_dir()).collect()
@@ -659,6 +813,30 @@ fn launch_class_dirs(system: BuildSystem, module: &Path, test: bool) -> Vec<Path
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    /// Launch outputs use the platform separator throughout, so they compare equal to
+    /// the same directories as JDT LS reports them.
+    #[test]
+    fn launch_dirs_use_one_separator() {
+        let root = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let module = subdir(root.path(), "parent/app");
+        for dir in ["target/classes", "target/test-classes", "build/classes/java/main", "build/resources/test"] {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(subdir(&module, dir)).unwrap();
+        }
+        let foreign = if std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR == '\\' { '/' } else { '\\' };
+        let dirs = [
+            launch_class_dirs(BuildSystem::Maven, &module, true),
+            launch_class_dirs(BuildSystem::Gradle, &module, true),
+        ]
+        .concat();
+        assert_eq!(dirs.len(), 4, "{dirs:?}");
+        for dir in &dirs {
+            let suffix = dir.strip_prefix(root.path()).unwrap().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+            assert!(!suffix.contains(foreign), "{suffix}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(subdir(root.path(), ""), root.path());
+        assert_eq!(subdir(root.path(), "a//b/"), root.path().join("a").join("b"));
+    }
+
     fn write(root: &Path, rel: &str, text: &str) {
         let p = root.join(rel);
         std::fs::create_dir_all(p.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -677,12 +855,12 @@ mod tests {
         write(&root, "core/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>core</artifactId></project>");
         write(&root, "core/src/main/java/A.java", "class A {}");
         let model = crate::load(&root, &tmp.path().join("cache"), None);
-        let p = plan(&root, &model, BuildKind::Build, None).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&root, &model, BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.system, BuildSystem::Maven);
         assert_eq!(p.title, "demo");
         assert_eq!(p.steps.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args, ["-B", "-Dstyle.color=never", "test-compile"]);
-        let p = plan(&root, &model, BuildKind::Rebuild, Some(&root.join("core/src/main/java/A.java"))).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&root, &model, BuildKind::Rebuild, Some(&root.join("core/src/main/java/A.java")), None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args, ["-B", "-Dstyle.color=never", "-pl", "core", "-am", "clean", "test-compile"]);
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].cwd, root);
         assert_eq!(p.title, "demo: build module 'core'");
@@ -691,24 +869,24 @@ mod tests {
         write(&g, "settings.gradle", "include 'app'");
         write(&g, "app/build.gradle", "apply plugin: 'java'");
         let model = crate::load(&g, &tmp.path().join("cache2"), None);
-        let p = plan(&g, &model, BuildKind::Build, Some(&g.join("app/src/A.java"))).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&g, &model, BuildKind::Build, Some(&g.join("app/src/A.java")), None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.system, BuildSystem::Gradle);
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args, ["--console=plain", ":app:classes", ":app:testClasses"]);
         assert_eq!(
-            plan(&g, &model, BuildKind::Artifacts, None).unwrap().steps[0].args,
+            plan(&g, &model, BuildKind::Artifacts, None, None).unwrap().steps[0].args,
             ["--console=plain", "assemble"]
         );
 
         let c = tmp.path().join("c");
         write(&c, "Cargo.toml", "[package]\nname='c'");
-        let p = plan(&c, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Rebuild, None).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&c, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Rebuild, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.system, BuildSystem::Cargo);
         assert_eq!(p.steps.len(), 2);
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args[0], "clean");
 
         let go = tmp.path().join("go");
         write(&go, "go.mod", "module x");
-        let p = plan(&go, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, Some(&go.join("pkg/a/a.go"))).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&go, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, Some(&go.join("pkg/a/a.go")), None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args, ["build", "./pkg/a/..."]);
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].cwd, go);
 
@@ -716,17 +894,60 @@ mod tests {
         write(&ts, "package.json", r#"{"scripts":{"build":"vite build"}}"#);
         write(&ts, "tsconfig.json", "{}");
         write(&ts, "pnpm-lock.yaml", "");
-        let p = plan(&ts, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&ts, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args, ["--noEmit", "--pretty", "false", "-p", "."]);
-        let p = plan(&ts, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Artifacts, None).unwrap();
+        let p = plan(&ts, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Artifacts, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             (p.steps[0].program.as_str(), p.steps[0].args.as_slice()),
             ("pnpm", &["run".to_owned(), "build".to_owned()][..])
         );
 
+        let cm = tmp.path().join("cm");
+        write(&cm, "CMakeLists.txt", "project(app)");
+        let args = |p: &BuildPlan| p.steps.iter().map(|s| s.args.join(" ")).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let p = plan(&cm, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.system, BuildSystem::CMake);
+        assert_eq!(
+            args(&p),
+            [
+                "-S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON",
+                "--build build --config Debug"
+            ],
+            "an unconfigured project is configured first"
+        );
+        write(&cm, "cmake-build-release/CMakeCache.txt", "");
+        let p = plan(&cm, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Rebuild, None, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            args(&p),
+            ["--build cmake-build-release --config Debug --clean-first"],
+            "a configured directory is reused"
+        );
+        let profile = CMakeProfile {
+            build_type: "Release".into(),
+            generator: "Ninja".into(),
+            build_args: vec!["-j".into(), "8".into()],
+            ..CMakeProfile::default()
+        };
+        let p =
+            plan(&cm, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None, Some(std::slice::from_ref(&profile))).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(args(&p), ["--build cmake-build-release --config Release -j 8"]);
+        let p = plan(&cm, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None, Some(&[CMakeProfile::default()])).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.steps[0].args[..4], ["-S", ".", "-B", "cmake-build-debug"]);
+
+        let siblings = tmp.path().join("siblings");
+        write(&siblings, "core/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>core</artifactId></project>");
+        write(&siblings, "system/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>system</artifactId></project>");
+        let model = crate::load(&siblings, &tmp.path().join("cache3"), None);
+        let p = plan(&siblings, &model, BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.system, BuildSystem::Maven);
+        assert_eq!(
+            p.steps.iter().map(|s| s.cwd.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [siblings.join("core"), siblings.join("system")]
+        );
+
         let none = tmp.path().join("none");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(&none).unwrap();
-        assert!(plan(&none, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None).is_err());
+        assert!(plan(&none, &BuildModel::default(), BuildKind::Build, None, None).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -821,6 +1042,142 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    fn reactor_model() -> BuildModel {
+        let project = |dir: &str, deps: &[&str]| maven::MavenProject {
+            pom: format!("{dir}/pom.xml"),
+            dir: dir.into(),
+            group_id: "probe".into(),
+            artifact_id: dir.into(),
+            version: "1".into(),
+            aggregated: true,
+            dependencies: deps
+                .iter()
+                .map(|d| maven::MavenDependency {
+                    group_id: "probe".into(),
+                    artifact_id: (*d).into(),
+                    version: Some("1".into()),
+                    scope: "compile".into(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let mut projects = vec![
+            project("app", &["middle"]),
+            project("middle", &["lib"]),
+            project("lib", &["app"]),
+            project("unrelated", &[]),
+        ];
+        projects.insert(
+            0,
+            maven::MavenProject {
+                pom: "pom.xml".into(),
+                artifact_id: "reactor".into(),
+                command: "mvnw".into(),
+                modules: projects.iter().map(|p| p.pom.clone()).collect(),
+                options: vec!["-s".into(), "settings.xml".into()],
+                env: BTreeMap::from([("JAVA_HOME".into(), "/jdk".into())]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        BuildModel { maven: Some(maven::MavenModel { projects, ..Default::default() }), ..Default::default() }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mixed_launch_detection_follows_only_reactor_dependencies() {
+        for extension in ["kt", "groovy", "scala"] {
+            let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+            let root = tmp.path();
+            let mut model = reactor_model();
+            write(root, "app/src/main/java/Application.java", "class Application {}");
+            write(root, &format!("unrelated/src/main/java/Other.{extension}"), "");
+            assert!(!launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false));
+            write(root, &format!("lib/src/main/java/Channel.{extension}"), "");
+            assert!(launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false));
+            assert_eq!(
+                maven_launch_projects(root, model.maven.as_ref().unwrap(), &root.join("app"), false).len(),
+                3,
+                "cycles terminate"
+            );
+            let m = model.maven.as_mut().unwrap();
+            m.projects[2].dependencies[0].scope = "test".into();
+            assert!(
+                !launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true),
+                "upstream test dependencies are not transitive"
+            );
+            let m = model.maven.as_mut().unwrap();
+            m.projects[1].dependencies[0].scope = "test".into();
+            m.projects[2].dependencies[0].scope = "compile".into();
+            assert!(!launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false));
+            assert!(launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true));
+            model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[2].dependencies[0].version = Some("external".into());
+            assert!(!launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true));
+            model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[2].dependencies[0].version = Some("1".into());
+            model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[3].aggregated = false;
+            model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].modules.retain(|p| p != "lib/pom.xml");
+            assert!(
+                !launch_has_non_java_sources(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true),
+                "another linked reactor is external"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn maven_launch_steps_use_reactor_settings_and_launch_scope() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(root, "app/pom.xml", "<project/>");
+        let model = reactor_model();
+        for (test, goal) in [(false, "compile"), (true, "test-compile")] {
+            let plan = launch_plan(root, &model, &root.join("app"), test).unwrap();
+            let step = &plan.steps[0];
+            assert_eq!(step.cwd, root);
+            assert_eq!(step.program, "mvnw");
+            assert_eq!(step.env["JAVA_HOME"], "/jdk");
+            assert_eq!(
+                step.args,
+                ["-B", "-Dstyle.color=never", "-s", "settings.xml", "-pl", "app", "-am", "clean", goal]
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn external_launch_returns_upstream_outputs_and_blocks_failure_or_cancellation() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(root, "app/pom.xml", "<project/>");
+        write(
+            root,
+            "mvnw",
+            "#!/bin/sh\nmkdir -p app/target/classes middle/target/classes lib/target/classes app/target/test-classes\n",
+        );
+        let wrapper = root.join("mvnw");
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&wrapper, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        let mut model = reactor_model();
+        model.maven.as_mut().unwrap().projects[0].command = wrapper.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        let dirs = build_for_launch(root, &model, &root.join("app"), true, &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            dirs,
+            ["app/target/test-classes", "app/target/classes", "middle/target/classes", "lib/target/classes"]
+                .map(|p| root.join(p))
+        );
+        write(
+            root,
+            "mvnw",
+            "#!/bin/sh\necho '[ERROR] Kotlin compilation failed: unresolved reference broken' >&2\nexit 1\n",
+        );
+        let error = build_for_launch(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false, &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(error.message.contains("Kotlin compilation failed"), "{}", error.message);
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        cancel.cancel();
+        assert_eq!(
+            build_for_launch(root, &model, &root.join("app"), false, &cancel).unwrap_err().kind,
+            ide_core::error::ErrorKind::Cancelled
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn non_java_launch_class_dirs() {
         let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

crates/ide-build/src/compile/parse.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ pub(crate) enum Format {
     Tsc,
     /// `go build`: `./a.go:12:5: msg`.
     Go,
+    /// GCC / Clang (through `cmake --build`): `src/a.cpp:12:5: error: msg`.
+    Gcc,
 }
 
 /// What a printed column counts.
@@ -296,6 +298,17 @@ fn go_line(line: &str) -> Option<RawMessage> {
     (!msg.is_empty()).then(|| RawMessage::new(Severity::Error, msg, ColUnit::Byte).at(path, ln, col))
 }
 
+/// A GCC / Clang diagnostic line; notes and the context lines after it are left as output.
+fn gcc_line(line: &str) -> Option<RawMessage> {
+    let (path, ln, col, rest) = path_line_col(line)?;
+    let rest = rest.strip_prefix(':')?.trim_start();
+    let (severity, msg) =
+        [("fatal error:", Severity::Error), ("error:", Severity::Error), ("warning:", Severity::Warning)]
+            .into_iter()
+            .find_map(|(prefix, severity)| rest.strip_prefix(prefix).map(|m| (severity, m.trim())))?;
+    (!msg.is_empty()).then(|| RawMessage::new(severity, msg, ColUnit::Byte).at(path, ln, col))
+}
+
 /// rustc's JSON diagnostic (`reason: compiler-message`) → message and its rendered text.
 fn cargo_json(v: &Value) -> Option<(Option<RawMessage>, String)> {
     if v.get("reason")?.as_str()? != "compiler-message" {
@@ -410,6 +423,7 @@ impl OutputParser {
             Format::Gradle => javac_header(&line).or_else(|| kotlin_line(&line)),
             Format::Tsc => tsc_line(&line),
             Format::Go => go_line(&line),
+            Format::Gcc => gcc_line(&line),
             Format::Cargo => None,
         };
         if let Some(msg) = parsed {
@@ -563,6 +577,24 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(out[2].text, "Cannot find name 'foo'.");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn gcc_errors_and_warnings() {
+        let out = parse(
+            Format::Gcc,
+            "[1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/app.dir/main.cpp.o\n\
+             /p/src/main.cpp:12:5: error: use of undeclared identifier 'foo'\n\
+             \x20  12 |     foo();\n\
+             /p/src/util.h:3:10: warning: unused variable 'x' [-Wunused-variable]\n\
+             /p/src/main.cpp:4:10: fatal error: 'missing.h' file not found\n\
+             /p/src/main.cpp:2:1: note: in file included from here\n",
+        );
+        assert_eq!(out.len(), 3, "{out:?}");
+        assert_eq!(out[0].severity, Severity::Error);
+        assert_eq!(out[0].text, "use of undeclared identifier 'foo'");
+        assert_eq!(out[1].severity, Severity::Warning);
+        assert_eq!(out[2].text, "'missing.h' file not found");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn go_errors() {
         let out = parse(

crates/ide-build/src/gradle-model.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// OpenIDEA Gradle sync: prints each project as Gradle evaluated it, one JSON line per project.
+// Read by `ide_build::gradle::parse_reported_projects`. Dependencies are not resolved: the
+// Java language server reads the classpath itself, and resolving is the slow part of an import.
+import groovy.json.JsonOutput
+
+def canon = { File f -> f.canonicalPath }
+// Init scripts also run in included builds and buildSrc, whose projects reuse `:`, `:core`…:
+// the identity path (`:lib:core`, `:buildSrc`) tells them apart and addresses their tasks
+// from the root build. Internal API, hence the fallback.
+def identity = { Project p -> try { p.identityPath.toString() } catch (ignored) { p.path } }
+
+def describe = { Project p ->
+    def m = [path: identity(p), dir: canon(p.projectDir), buildDir: canon(p.layout.buildDirectory.get().asFile)]
+    if (p.gradle.parent != null) m.build = identity(p.rootProject)
+    def sets = p.extensions.findByName('sourceSets')
+    if (sets != null) {
+        // Test source sets as IDEA classifies them: `test`, test fixtures, JVM test suites,
+        // and sets whose folders the `idea` plugin lists as test sources.
+        def suites = [] as Set
+        try { p.extensions.findByName('testing')?.suites?.each { suites << it.sources.name } } catch (ignored) {}
+        def ideaTests = [] as Set
+        try { p.extensions.findByName('idea')?.module?.testSources?.files?.each { ideaTests << canon(it) } } catch (ignored) {}
+        m.sourceSets = sets.collect { s ->
+            def res = s.resources.srcDirs.collect(canon)
+            def src = s.allSource.srcDirs.collect(canon) - res
+            def test = s.name == 'test' || s.name == 'testFixtures' || suites.contains(s.name) ||
+                s.name.endsWith('Test') || s.name.endsWith('Tests') ||
+                (!src.isEmpty() && src.every { ideaTests.contains(it) })
+            [name: s.name, test: test, src: src, res: res]
+        }
+    }
+    try {
+        def java = p.extensions.findByName('java')
+        def lv = java?.toolchain?.languageVersion?.getOrNull()
+        m.java = lv != null ? lv.asInt() : (java?.targetCompatibility?.majorVersion as Integer)
+    } catch (ignored) {}
+    println '@openidea-model\t' + JsonOutput.toJson(m)
+}
+
+gradle.projectsEvaluated { g -> g.rootProject.allprojects { describe(it) } }

crates/ide-build/src/gradle.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ pub struct GradleModel {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct GradleProject {
-    /// Gradle path: `:` for the root project, `:app`, `:libs:core`.
+    /// Gradle path: `:` for the root project, `:app`, `:libs:core`; for a project of a
+    /// nested build its identity path (`:lib:core`), which addresses its tasks from the root.
     pub path: String,
     pub name: String,
     /// Project-relative directory.
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ pub struct GradleProject {
     /// Project-relative build script, if any.
     pub build_file: Option<String>,
     pub tasks: Vec<GradleTask>,
+    /// Identity path of the nested build holding the project (`:lib` for `includeBuild`,
+    /// `:buildSrc`); null for the opened build.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub build: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -129,35 +134,88 @@ fn include_args(after: &str) -> Vec<String> {
     out
 }
 
-/// `(root project name, included project paths)` from a settings script.
-pub fn parse_settings(text: &str) -> (Option<String>, Vec<String>) {
+/// What a settings script declares, read statically.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Settings {
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    /// Included project paths (`:app`), in declaration order.
+    pub includes: Vec<String>,
+    /// Project directories that differ from the default `<path>` under the build
+    /// dir, relative to it: `includeFlat` siblings and literal `projectDir = file(..)`.
+    pub dirs: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+/// The included projects, root project name and directory overrides of a settings script.
+/// Interpolated (`"$m"`) names and directories cannot be read without Gradle and are skipped.
+pub fn parse_settings(text: &str) -> Settings {
     let text = strip_comments(text);
-    let mut name = None;
-    let mut includes: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut s = Settings::default();
     for (i, _) in text.match_indices("rootProject.name") {
         let line = text[i + "rootProject.name".len()..].lines().next().unwrap_or_default();
         if let Some(n) = literals(line).into_iter().next() {
-            name = Some(n);
+            s.name = Some(n);
         }
     }
     let mut from = 0;
     while let Some(i) = text[from..].find("include") {
         let at = from + i;
         from = at + "include".len();
+        let flat = text[from..].starts_with("Flat");
+        if flat {
+            from += "Flat".len();
+        }
         let before_ok = at == 0 || !text[..at].ends_with(|c: char| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '.');
         let after = &text[from..];
         let after_ok = after.starts_with(|c: char| c == '(' || c.is_whitespace());
         if !before_ok || !after_ok {
             continue;
         }
-        for p in include_args(after) {
+        for p in include_args(after).into_iter().filter(|p| !p.contains('$')) {
             let path = if p.starts_with(':') { p } else { format!(":{p}") };
-            if path.len() > 1 && !includes.contains(&path) {
-                includes.push(path);
+            if path.len() <= 1 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // `includeFlat 'a'` is the sibling directory `../a` of the root project.
+            if flat {
+                s.dirs.insert(path.clone(), format!("../{}", path.trim_start_matches(':')));
+            }
+            if !s.includes.contains(&path) {
+                s.includes.push(path);
             }
         }
     }
-    (name, includes)
+    // `project(':a').projectDir = file('../a')`; a later assignment wins, as in Gradle.
+    for line in text.lines() {
+        let Some((left, right)) = line.split_once(".projectDir") else { continue };
+        let Some(right) = right.trim_start().strip_prefix('=') else { continue };
+        let Some(arg) = right.trim_start().strip_prefix("file") else { continue };
+        let (Some(path), Some(dir)) = (
+            left.rsplit_once("project").map(|(_, p)| literals(p)).and_then(|l| l.into_iter().next()),
+            literals(arg).into_iter().next(),
+        ) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if !path.contains('$') && !dir.contains('$') {
+            let path = if path.starts_with(':') { path } else { format!(":{path}") };
+            s.dirs.insert(path, dir);
+        }
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+/// `a/b/../c` → `a/c`, without touching the filesystem.
+fn normalize(p: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    let mut out = PathBuf::new();
+    for c in p.components() {
+        match c {
+            std::path::Component::CurDir => {}
+            std::path::Component::ParentDir if out.file_name().is_some() => {
+                out.pop();
+            }
+            c => out.push(c),
+        }
+    }
+    out
 }
 
 /// The directory of the Gradle build under `root`: the root itself, or a direct
@@ -235,31 +293,159 @@ pub fn default_tasks(is_root: bool, script: &str) -> Vec<GradleTask> {
 }
 
 /// Reads the Gradle build under `root` (no Gradle run), or `None` when there is none.
+fn read_first(d: &Path, names: &[&str]) -> Option<(String, String)> {
+    names.iter().find_map(|n| std::fs::read_to_string(d.join(n)).ok().map(|t| (n.to_string(), t)))
+}
+
+/// The project `path` in `pdir`, with the default tasks of its build script.
+/// Outside `root` the directory stays absolute (`rel` falls back).
+fn project_at(root: &Path, path: String, name: String, pdir: &Path) -> GradleProject {
+    let script = read_first(pdir, BUILD_FILES);
+    let tasks = default_tasks(path == ":", script.as_ref().map(|(_, t)| t.as_str()).unwrap_or_default());
+    GradleProject {
+        build_file: script.map(|(n, _)| rel(root, &pdir.join(n))),
+        dir: rel(root, pdir),
+        path,
+        name,
+        tasks,
+        build: None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// A project as Gradle evaluated it (the sync's init script, `gradle-model.gradle`).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ReportedProject {
+    pub path: String,
+    /// Absolute, canonical.
+    pub dir: String,
+    /// Absolute output folder (`layout.buildDirectory`).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub build_dir: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub source_sets: Vec<ReportedSourceSet>,
+    /// Toolchain language version, else target compatibility.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub java: Option<u32>,
+    /// Identity path of the nested build (included build, buildSrc) reporting the project.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub build: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ReportedSourceSet {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub test: bool,
+    /// Absolute source folders (Java, Kotlin, Groovy, …), which need not exist.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub src: Vec<String>,
+    /// Absolute resource folders.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub res: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+const MODEL_LINE: &str = "@openidea-model\t";
+
+/// The projects printed by `gradle-model.gradle`; malformed lines are skipped.
+pub fn parse_reported_projects(output: &str) -> Vec<ReportedProject> {
+    output.lines().filter_map(|l| serde_json::from_str(l.trim_end().strip_prefix(MODEL_LINE)?).ok()).collect()
+}
+
+/// Source roots of the reported source sets: `(absolute folder, is test, is resources)`.
+pub fn reported_source_roots(reported: &[ReportedProject]) -> Vec<(PathBuf, ReportedRoot)> {
+    let mut out: Vec<(PathBuf, ReportedRoot)> = Vec::new();
+    for p in reported {
+        for set in &p.source_sets {
+            let (src, res) = if set.test {
+                (ReportedRoot::Test, ReportedRoot::TestResources)
+            } else {
+                (ReportedRoot::Source, ReportedRoot::Resources)
+            };
+            for (dir, kind) in set.src.iter().map(|d| (d, src)).chain(set.res.iter().map(|d| (d, res))) {
+                let dir = PathBuf::from(dir);
+                // A folder shared by `main` and another set is `main`'s, as in IDEA.
+                if !out.iter().any(|(d, _)| *d == dir) {
+                    out.push((dir, kind));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // IDEA excludes the build folder of every module.
+        if let Some(b) = &p.build_dir {
+            out.push((PathBuf::from(b), ReportedRoot::Excluded));
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Role of a folder a Gradle sync reported.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ReportedRoot {
+    Source,
+    Test,
+    Resources,
+    TestResources,
+    Excluded,
+}
+
+/// Replaces the statically read projects with the ones Gradle reported (root first):
+/// settings scripts may compute their projects, which no static reading sees.
+pub fn merge_reported_projects(root: &Path, model: &mut GradleModel, reported: &[ReportedProject]) {
+    if reported.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    let root_name = model.projects.iter().find(|p| p.path == ":").map(|p| p.name.clone());
+    model.projects = reported
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| {
+            let name = match p.path.as_str() {
+                ":" => root_name.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
+                path => path.rsplit(':').next().unwrap_or_default().to_owned(),
+            };
+            let mut project = project_at(root, p.path.clone(), name, Path::new(&p.dir));
+            // buildSrc is built before the build, never addressable as `:buildSrc:<task>`.
+            if p.build.as_deref().is_some_and(|b| b.ends_with(":buildSrc")) {
+                project.tasks.clear();
+            }
+            project.build = p.build.clone();
+            project
+        })
+        .collect();
+    // Each build reports its projects when it is evaluated (nested builds first).
+    model.projects.sort_by(|a, b| a.path.cmp(&b.path));
+    // One JDK runs the whole build: the newest any module needs.
+    if let Some(v) = reported.iter().filter_map(|p| p.java).max() {
+        model.java_version = Some(v);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Project directories outside `root`, outermost only (`../svc`, not also `../svc/sources/app`):
+/// the folders IDEA shows as extra top-level module roots.
+pub fn external_roots<'a>(root: &Path, dirs: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut dirs: Vec<PathBuf> = dirs.into_iter().map(|d| root.join(d)).filter(|d| !d.starts_with(root)).collect();
+    dirs.sort();
+    dirs.dedup();
+    let mut out: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
+    for d in dirs {
+        if !out.iter().any(|o| d.starts_with(o)) {
+            out.push(d);
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
 pub fn load(root: &Path) -> Option<GradleModel> {
     let dir = build_dir(root)?;
-    let read = |d: &Path, names: &[&str]| {
-        names.iter().find_map(|n| std::fs::read_to_string(d.join(n)).ok().map(|t| (n.to_string(), t)))
-    };
-    let (name, includes) = read(&dir, SETTINGS_FILES).map(|(_, t)| parse_settings(&t)).unwrap_or_default();
+    let settings = read_first(&dir, SETTINGS_FILES).map(|(_, t)| parse_settings(&t)).unwrap_or_default();
     let root_name =
-        name.unwrap_or_else(|| dir.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default());
-    let mut projects = Vec::new();
-    let mut add = |path: String, name: String, pdir: PathBuf| {
-        let script = read(&pdir, BUILD_FILES);
-        let tasks = default_tasks(path == ":", script.as_ref().map(|(_, t)| t.as_str()).unwrap_or_default());
-        projects.push(GradleProject {
-            build_file: script.map(|(n, _)| rel(root, &pdir.join(n))),
-            dir: rel(root, &pdir),
-            path,
-            name,
-            tasks,
-        });
-    };
-    add(":".into(), root_name, dir.clone());
-    for path in includes {
-        let pdir = dir.join(path.trim_start_matches(':').replace(':', "/"));
+        settings.name.unwrap_or_else(|| dir.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default());
+    let mut projects = vec![project_at(root, ":".into(), root_name, &dir)];
+    for path in settings.includes {
+        let pdir = match settings.dirs.get(&path) {
+            Some(d) => normalize(&dir.join(d)),
+            None => dir.join(path.trim_start_matches(':').replace(':', "/")),
+        };
         let name = path.rsplit(':').next().unwrap_or_default().to_owned();
-        add(path, name, pdir);
+        projects.push(project_at(root, path, name, &pdir));
     }
     let java_version = projects
         .iter()
@@ -358,9 +544,32 @@ pub fn build_files(root: &Path, model: &GradleModel) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
     let dir = root.join(&model.dir);
     let mut out: Vec<PathBuf> = SETTINGS_FILES.iter().map(|f| dir.join(f)).filter(|p| p.is_file()).collect();
     out.extend(model.projects.iter().filter_map(|p| p.build_file.as_ref().map(|f| root.join(f))));
+    // The settings of each nested build (its root project's folder).
+    for p in model.projects.iter().filter(|p| p.build.as_deref() == Some(p.path.as_str())) {
+        let nested = root.join(&p.dir);
+        out.extend(SETTINGS_FILES.iter().map(|f| nested.join(f)).filter(|f| f.is_file()));
+    }
+    // What IDEA's auto-import also watches: properties, the wrapper and version catalogs.
+    let extra = ["gradle.properties", "gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties"].map(|f| dir.join(f));
+    out.extend(extra.into_iter().filter(|p| p.is_file()));
+    if let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(dir.join("gradle")) {
+        let mut catalogs: Vec<PathBuf> = entries
+            .flatten()
+            .map(|e| e.path())
+            .filter(|p| p.to_string_lossy().ends_with(".versions.toml") && p.is_file())
+            .collect();
+        catalogs.sort();
+        out.extend(catalogs);
+    }
     out
 }
 
+/// A build script without comments and with whitespace runs collapsed, so editing a
+/// comment or reformatting does not make a sync stale (IDEA hashes lexer tokens alike).
+pub(crate) fn script_fingerprint(text: &str) -> String {
+    strip_comments(text).split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ")
+}
+
 /// `(project path, task)` from `gradle tasks --all` console output; tasks listed as
 /// `app:run` belong to `:app`, unqualified ones to the root project `:`.
 pub fn parse_tasks(output: &str) -> Vec<(String, GradleTask)> {
@@ -399,6 +608,12 @@ pub fn parse_tasks(output: &str) -> Vec<(String, GradleTask)> {
     out
 }
 
+/// Static fallback until Gradle has reported its tasks.
+pub(crate) fn has_war_plugin(script: &str) -> bool {
+    let script = strip_comments(script);
+    script.split(|c: char| !c.is_alphanumeric() && c != '_').any(|word| word == "war")
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     #[test]
@@ -445,14 +660,60 @@ dependencies {
             /* include("block") */
             includeBuild("plugins")
         "#;
-        let (name, includes) = parse_settings(kts);
-        assert_eq!(name.as_deref(), Some("gradle-demo"));
-        assert_eq!(includes, [":app", ":lib", ":libs:core"]);
+        let s = parse_settings(kts);
+        assert_eq!(s.name.as_deref(), Some("gradle-demo"));
+        assert_eq!(s.includes, [":app", ":lib", ":libs:core"]);
+        assert!(s.dirs.is_empty());
 
         let groovy = "rootProject.name = 'demo'\ninclude 'a',\n        'b'\ninclude ':c'\nprintln 'x'\n";
-        let (name, includes) = parse_settings(groovy);
-        assert_eq!(name.as_deref(), Some("demo"));
-        assert_eq!(includes, [":a", ":b", ":c"]);
+        let s = parse_settings(groovy);
+        assert_eq!(s.name.as_deref(), Some("demo"));
+        assert_eq!(s.includes, [":a", ":b", ":c"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn settings_include_flat_and_project_dirs() {
+        let groovy = r#"
+            includeFlat 'svc-a'
+            includeFlat 'svc-b', 'svc-c' // trailing comment
+            ['x', 'y'].each { m -> include ":svc-a:$m" }
+            include ':wo'
+            project(':wo').projectDir = file('../svc-a/.worktrees/wo')
+            project(":dyn").projectDir = file("${rootDir}/dyn")
+            includeFlated 'not-a-call'
+        "#;
+        let s = parse_settings(groovy);
+        assert_eq!(s.includes, [":svc-a", ":svc-b", ":svc-c", ":wo"]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            s.dirs.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [
+                (":svc-a".into(), "../svc-a".into()),
+                (":svc-b".into(), "../svc-b".into()),
+                (":svc-c".into(), "../svc-c".into()),
+                (":wo".into(), "../svc-a/.worktrees/wo".into()),
+            ]
+        );
+
+        let kts = "includeFlat(\"k\")\nproject(\":k\").projectDir = file(\"../other\")";
+        let s = parse_settings(kts);
+        assert_eq!(s.includes, [":k"]);
+        assert_eq!(s.dirs.get(":k").map(String::as_str), Some("../other"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn loads_include_flat_siblings() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let ws = tmp.path();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(ws.join("root")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(ws.join("svc")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(ws.join("root/settings.gradle"), "rootProject.name = 'Root'\nincludeFlat 'svc'").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(ws.join("svc/build.gradle"), "plugins { id 'java' }").unwrap();
+        let root = ws.join("root");
+        let m = load(&root).unwrap();
+        let svc = m.projects.iter().find(|p| p.path == ":svc").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(Path::new(&svc.dir), ws.join("svc"));
+        assert_eq!(svc.build_file.as_deref().map(Path::new), Some(ws.join("svc/build.gradle").as_path()));
+        assert!(root.join(svc.build_file.as_ref().unwrap()).is_file());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -533,4 +794,52 @@ Pattern: clean<TaskName>: Cleans the output files of a task.
         let none = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
         assert!(load(none.path()).is_none());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn merges_included_builds_and_build_src_by_identity_path() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let ws = tmp.path();
+        for d in ["shop/app", "shop/buildSrc", "lib/core"] {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(ws.join(d)).unwrap();
+        }
+        std::fs::write(ws.join("shop/settings.gradle"), "rootProject.name = 'shop'\ninclude 'app'").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(ws.join("lib/settings.gradle"), "include 'core'").unwrap();
+        let root = ws.join("shop");
+        // In evaluation order, as the init script prints it: nested builds first.
+        let line = |path: &str, d: &str, build: Option<&str>| {
+            let project = ReportedProject {
+                path: path.into(),
+                dir: ws.join(d).to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                build: build.map(Into::into),
+                ..ReportedProject::default()
+            };
+            format!("{MODEL_LINE}{}\n", serde_json::to_string(&project).unwrap())
+        };
+        let out = [
+            line(":lib", "lib", Some(":lib")),
+            line(":lib:core", "lib/core", Some(":lib")),
+            line(":buildSrc", "shop/buildSrc", Some(":buildSrc")),
+            line(":", "shop", None),
+            line(":app", "shop/app", None),
+        ]
+        .concat();
+        let mut model = load(&root).unwrap();
+        merge_reported_projects(&root, &mut model, &parse_reported_projects(&out));
+        let projects: Vec<_> =
+            model.projects.iter().map(|p| (p.path.as_str(), p.name.as_str(), p.build.as_deref())).collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            projects,
+            [
+                (":", "shop", None),
+                (":app", "app", None),
+                (":buildSrc", "buildSrc", Some(":buildSrc")),
+                (":lib", "lib", Some(":lib")),
+                (":lib:core", "core", Some(":lib")),
+            ]
+        );
+        let build_src = &model.projects[2];
+        assert!(build_src.tasks.is_empty(), "buildSrc tasks cannot run from the root build");
+        assert!(!model.projects[4].tasks.is_empty());
+        assert!(build_files(&root, &model).contains(&ws.join("lib/settings.gradle")));
+    }
 }

crates/ide-build/src/gradle_deps.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+//! A Gradle project's resolved dependencies for the Dependency Analyzer:
+//! `gradle <project>:dependencies --configuration <name>`, parsed from its tree report.
+
+use crate::gradle;
+use crate::process;
+use crate::sync::{SyncOptions, error_summary};
+use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use specta::Type;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// One line of the report: an occurrence of a dependency where it is requested.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct GradleDependency {
+    /// `group`, empty for a project dependency.
+    pub group: String,
+    /// Artifact name, or the project path (`:core`) of a project dependency.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// The version asked for here; `None` when a platform or constraint supplies it.
+    pub requested: Option<String>,
+    /// The version Gradle selected (`-> 1.2`), when it differs from the request.
+    pub selected: Option<String>,
+    /// A project of the build (`project :core`, or a module substituted by one).
+    pub project: bool,
+    /// `(*)`: listed with its dependencies earlier in the tree.
+    pub repeated: bool,
+    /// `(c)`: a dependency constraint rather than a dependency.
+    pub constraint: bool,
+    /// `(n)` / `FAILED`: not resolved.
+    pub unresolved: bool,
+    pub children: Vec<GradleDependency>,
+}
+
+/// Parses the tree of a `dependencies --configuration` report (lines `+--- g:a:1.0 -> 1.1 (*)`).
+pub fn parse_report(output: &str) -> Vec<GradleDependency> {
+    let mut roots: Vec<GradleDependency> = Vec::new();
+    // Path of child indexes from the roots to the last node of each depth.
+    let mut path: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
+    for line in output.lines() {
+        let Some((depth, text)) = tree_line(line) else { continue };
+        let node = parse_entry(text);
+        path.truncate(depth);
+        if depth > path.len() {
+            continue; // A line deeper than its parent allows: not part of a well-formed tree.
+        }
+        let siblings = if depth == 0 {
+            &mut roots
+        } else {
+            let mut list = &mut roots;
+            for &i in &path[..depth - 1] {
+                list = &mut list[i].children;
+            }
+            let Some(parent) = list.get_mut(path[depth - 1]) else { continue };
+            &mut parent.children
+        };
+        siblings.push(node);
+        path.push(siblings.len() - 1);
+    }
+    roots
+}
+
+/// `|    \--- g:a:1.0` → (1, "g:a:1.0").
+fn tree_line(line: &str) -> Option<(usize, &str)> {
+    let mut rest = line;
+    let mut depth = 0;
+    loop {
+        if let Some(r) = rest.strip_prefix("+--- ").or_else(|| rest.strip_prefix("\\--- ")) {
+            return Some((depth, r.trim()));
+        }
+        rest = rest.strip_prefix("|    ").or_else(|| rest.strip_prefix("     "))?;
+        depth += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_entry(text: &str) -> GradleDependency {
+    let mut d = GradleDependency::default();
+    let mut text = text.trim();
+    loop {
+        if let Some(t) = text.strip_suffix(" (*)") {
+            d.repeated = true;
+            text = t;
+        } else if let Some(t) = text.strip_suffix(" (c)") {
+            d.constraint = true;
+            text = t;
+        } else if let Some(t) = text.strip_suffix(" (n)").or_else(|| text.strip_suffix(" FAILED")) {
+            d.unresolved = true;
+            text = t;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+        text = text.trim_end();
+    }
+    let (left, right) = match text.split_once(" -> ") {
+        Some((l, r)) => (l.trim(), Some(r.trim())),
+        None => (text, None),
+    };
+    if let Some(project) = left.strip_prefix("project ") {
+        d.project = true;
+        d.name = project_path(project);
+    } else {
+        let mut parts = left.splitn(3, ':');
+        d.group = parts.next().unwrap_or_default().to_owned();
+        d.name = parts.next().unwrap_or_default().to_owned();
+        d.requested = parts.next().filter(|v| !v.is_empty()).map(str::to_owned);
+    }
+    if let Some(right) = right {
+        if let Some(project) = right.strip_prefix("project ") {
+            // A module substituted by a project of the build.
+            d.project = true;
+            d.selected = Some(project_path(project));
+        } else {
+            d.selected = Some(right.to_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    d
+}
+
+/// `:core`, or `':core'` as Gradle 9 quotes it.
+fn project_path(text: &str) -> String {
+    let t = text.trim();
+    t.strip_prefix('\'').and_then(|t| t.strip_suffix('\'')).unwrap_or(t).to_owned()
+}
+
+/// Runs the `dependencies` report of `project` (a Gradle path, `:` for the root) for
+/// `configuration` and returns its tree.
+pub fn gradle_dependencies(
+    root: &Path,
+    options: &SyncOptions,
+    project: &str,
+    configuration: &str,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
+) -> IdeResult<Vec<GradleDependency>> {
+    if !configuration.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '-') || configuration.is_empty() {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("not a configuration name: {configuration}")));
+    }
+    if !project.starts_with(':') || project.chars().any(char::is_whitespace) {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("not a Gradle project path: {project}")));
+    }
+    let model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
+    let task = if project == ":" { ":dependencies".to_owned() } else { format!("{project}:dependencies") };
+    let mut args: Vec<String> =
+        vec!["--console=plain".into(), "-q".into(), task, "--configuration".into(), configuration.into()];
+    if options.offline {
+        args.push("--offline".into());
+    }
+    let out = process::run(
+        options.gradle_command.as_deref().unwrap_or(&model.command),
+        &args,
+        &root.join(&model.dir),
+        &options.env,
+        cancel,
+        |_, _| {},
+    )?;
+    if !out.success {
+        return Err(IdeError::unavailable(error_summary(&out.text)));
+    }
+    Ok(parse_report(&out.text))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn dep(group: &str, name: &str, requested: Option<&str>) -> GradleDependency {
+        GradleDependency {
+            group: group.into(),
+            name: name.into(),
+            requested: requested.map(Into::into),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_the_tree_with_selected_versions_and_markers() {
+        let report = "\
+------------------------------------------------------------
+Project ':app'
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+runtimeClasspath - Runtime classpath of source set 'main'.
++--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web -> 3.2.0
+|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:3.2.0
+|    |    \\--- org.yaml:snakeyaml:2.2
+|    \\--- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.15.0 -> 2.15.3 (*)
++--- project ':core'
+|    \\--- com.google.guava:guava:{strictly 32.1.3-jre} -> 32.1.3-jre (c)
++--- org.example:legacy:1.0 -> project :legacy
+\\--- org.missing:gone:9 FAILED
+
+(c) - A dependency constraint, not a dependency. The dependency affected by the constraint occurs elsewhere in the tree.
+(*) - Indicates repeated occurrences of a transitive dependency subtree. Gradle expands transitive dependency subtrees only once per project; repeat occurrences only display the root of the subtree, followed by this annotation.
+";
+        let tree = parse_report(report);
+        assert_eq!(tree.len(), 4);
+        let web = &tree[0];
+        assert_eq!((web.group.as_str(), web.name.as_str()), ("org.springframework.boot", "spring-boot-starter-web"));
+        assert_eq!((web.requested.as_deref(), web.selected.as_deref()), (None, Some("3.2.0")));
+        assert_eq!(web.children.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(web.children[0].children, vec![dep("org.yaml", "snakeyaml", Some("2.2"))]);
+        let databind = &web.children[1];
+        assert_eq!((databind.requested.as_deref(), databind.selected.as_deref()), (Some("2.15.0"), Some("2.15.3")));
+        assert!(databind.repeated);
+        let core = &tree[1];
+        assert!(core.project && core.group.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(core.name, ":core");
+        let guava = &core.children[0];
+        assert!(guava.constraint);
+        assert_eq!(guava.requested.as_deref(), Some("{strictly 32.1.3-jre}"));
+        let legacy = &tree[2];
+        assert!(legacy.project);
+        assert_eq!((legacy.name.as_str(), legacy.selected.as_deref()), ("legacy", Some(":legacy")));
+        assert!(tree[3].unresolved);
+        assert_eq!(tree[3].requested.as_deref(), Some("9"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_empty_configuration_has_no_dependencies() {
+        assert!(
+            parse_report("compileClasspath - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.\nNo dependencies\n").is_empty()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_names_that_are_not_configurations_or_projects() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let options = SyncOptions::default();
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        assert!(gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &options, ":", "x --init-script y", &cancel).is_err());
+        assert!(gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &options, "app", "runtimeClasspath", &cancel).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn runs_the_report_of_the_project_and_configuration() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        std::fs::write(root.join("settings.gradle"), "include 'app'").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(root.join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
+        let launcher = root.join("fake-gradle");
+        std::fs::write(&launcher, "#!/bin/sh\necho \"$@\" > args\necho '\\--- org.a:b:1.0'\n").unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&launcher, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        let options = SyncOptions {
+            gradle_command: Some(launcher.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
+            offline: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let tree =
+            gradle_dependencies(root, &options, ":app", "testRuntimeClasspath", &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(tree, vec![dep("org.a", "b", Some("1.0"))]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            std::fs::read_to_string(root.join("args")).unwrap().trim(),
+            "--console=plain -q :app:dependencies --configuration testRuntimeClasspath --offline"
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/ide-build/src/kotlin_bridge.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+//! Private Maven builds for JDT's Kotlin binary libraries. Never use launch outputs.
+
+use crate::BuildModel;
+use crate::compile::{self, BuildEvent, BuildKind, BuildMessage};
+use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct Module {
+    key: String,
+    project_uri: String,
+    output: PathBuf,
+    test_output: Option<PathBuf>,
+    dependencies: Vec<Dependency>,
+    has_kotlin: bool,
+    kotlin_goals: Vec<KotlinGoal>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct KotlinGoal {
+    execution: String,
+    status: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct Dependency {
+    key: String,
+    scope: String,
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    kind: Option<String>,
+    classifier: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Library {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub test: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ProjectLibraries {
+    pub project_uri: String,
+    pub libraries: Vec<Library>,
+}
+
+pub struct Outcome {
+    pub projects: Vec<ProjectLibraries>,
+    pub messages: Vec<BuildMessage>,
+    pub success: bool,
+}
+
+/// Inspect sources, excluding generated/build/VCS trees and never following symlinks.
+pub fn has_kotlin(root: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(root) else { return false };
+    entries.flatten().any(|entry| {
+        let Ok(kind) = entry.file_type() else { return false };
+        if kind.is_file() {
+            entry.path().extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "kt")
+        } else {
+            kind.is_dir()
+                && !matches!(
+                    entry.file_name().to_str(),
+                    Some("target" | "build" | "out" | "bin" | "node_modules" | ".git" | ".openidea")
+                )
+                && has_kotlin(&entry.path())
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// Run the project's configured wrapper/settings/JDK and lifecycle, with an output
+/// redirector loaded before Maven calculates its lifecycle execution plans.
+pub fn build(
+    root: &Path,
+    model: &BuildModel,
+    bundle: &Path,
+    generation: &Path,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
+) -> IdeResult<Outcome> {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(generation)?;
+    let mut plan = compile::plan(root, model, BuildKind::Build, None, None)?;
+    if plan.system != compile::BuildSystem::Maven {
+        return Err(IdeError::invalid("Kotlin bridge requires a Maven build root"));
+    }
+    let mut manifests = Vec::new();
+    for (index, step) in plan.steps.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+        step.args.push("--fail-at-end".into());
+        let directory = generation.join(format!("reactor-{index}"));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&directory)?;
+        manifests.push(directory.join("modules.json"));
+        let mut extensions = vec![bundle.to_path_buf()];
+        step.args.retain(|arg| {
+            if let Some(value) = arg.strip_prefix("-Dmaven.ext.class.path=") {
+                extensions.extend(std::env::split_paths(value));
+                false
+            } else {
+                true
+            }
+        });
+        let extension_path = std::env::join_paths(extensions).map_err(|e| IdeError::invalid(e.to_string()))?;
+        step.args.push(format!("-Dmaven.ext.class.path={}", extension_path.to_string_lossy()));
+        step.args.push(format!("-Dopenidea.kotlin.staging={}", directory.join("staging").display()));
+    }
+    let mut messages = Vec::new();
+    // Independent linked reactors must still run after another reactor's javac fails.
+    for step in &plan.steps {
+        let mut reactor = plan.clone();
+        reactor.steps = vec![step.clone()];
+        let result = compile::run(root, &reactor, cancel, &|event| {
+            if let BuildEvent::Output { text, .. } = event {
+                tracing::debug!("kotlin bridge: {}", text.trim_end());
+            }
+        })?;
+        messages.extend(result.messages);
+    }
+    // javac diagnostics belong to JDT, including when a Kotlin target was skipped.
+    messages.retain(|message| {
+        message.path.as_ref().is_some_and(|path| PathBuf::from(path.clone()).extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "kt"))
+    });
+    let mut modules = Vec::new();
+    for manifest in manifests {
+        let parsed: Vec<Module> = serde_json::from_slice(&std::fs::read(manifest)?)
+            .map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(format!("Kotlin module manifest: {e}")))?;
+        modules.extend(parsed);
+    }
+    messages.extend(kotlin_failures(&modules));
+    if messages.iter().any(|message| message.severity == ide_core::Severity::Error) {
+        return Ok(Outcome { projects: Vec::new(), messages, success: false });
+    }
+    let pending = generation.join("libraries.pending");
+    let published = generation.join("libraries");
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&pending)?;
+    let mut libraries = BTreeMap::new();
+    for (index, module) in modules.iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut outputs = ModuleLibraries::default();
+        for (source, target, name) in [
+            (Some(&module.output), &mut outputs.main, format!("main-{index}")),
+            (module.test_output.as_ref(), &mut outputs.test, format!("test-{index}")),
+        ] {
+            let Some(source) = source else { continue };
+            if !source.starts_with(generation) {
+                return Err(IdeError::internal("Kotlin build output escaped staging"));
+            }
+            if copy_kotlin(source, &pending.join(&name), cancel)? {
+                *target = Some(published.join(name));
+            }
+        }
+        libraries.insert(module.key.clone(), outputs);
+    }
+    publish(&pending, &published, cancel)?;
+    Ok(Outcome { projects: consumers(&modules, &libraries), messages, success: true })
+}
+
+fn kotlin_failures(modules: &[Module]) -> Vec<BuildMessage> {
+    let mut messages = Vec::new();
+    for module in modules {
+        if !module.has_kotlin {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if module.kotlin_goals.is_empty() {
+            messages.push(kotlin_failure(module, "compile target was not executed"));
+        }
+        for goal in &module.kotlin_goals {
+            if goal.status != "success" {
+                messages.push(kotlin_failure(module, &format!("{} {}", goal.execution, goal.status)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    messages
+}
+
+fn kotlin_failure(module: &Module, reason: &str) -> BuildMessage {
+    BuildMessage {
+        severity: ide_core::Severity::Error,
+        text: format!("Kotlin compilation for {}: {reason}", module.key),
+        path: None,
+        range: None,
+        code: None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn publish(pending: &Path, published: &Path, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    if cancel.is_cancelled() {
+        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
+    }
+    std::fs::rename(pending, published)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct ModuleLibraries {
+    main: Option<PathBuf>,
+    test: Option<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+fn consumers(modules: &[Module], libraries: &BTreeMap<String, ModuleLibraries>) -> Vec<ProjectLibraries> {
+    modules
+        .iter()
+        .map(|consumer| {
+            let mut visible = Vec::<Library>::new();
+            let mut add = |path: &Option<PathBuf>, test: bool| {
+                if let Some(path) = path {
+                    if let Some(previous) = visible.iter_mut().find(|entry| &entry.path == path) {
+                        previous.test &= test;
+                    } else {
+                        visible.push(Library { path: path.clone(), test });
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            if let Some(own) = libraries.get(&consumer.key) {
+                add(&own.test, true);
+                add(&own.main, false);
+            }
+            // Maven's resolved artifacts already apply exclusions, mediation and optional
+            // propagation. Preserve their classpath order, after the module's own output.
+            for dependency in &consumer.dependencies {
+                let Some(output) = libraries.get(&dependency.key) else { continue };
+                let test = match dependency.scope.as_str() {
+                    "compile" | "provided" | "system" | "" => false,
+                    "test" | "runtime" => true,
+                    _ => continue,
+                };
+                match (dependency.kind.as_deref(), dependency.classifier.as_deref()) {
+                    (Some("test-jar"), None | Some("tests")) | (Some("jar"), Some("tests")) => add(&output.test, test),
+                    (None | Some("jar"), None | Some("")) => add(&output.main, test),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+            ProjectLibraries { project_uri: consumer.project_uri.clone(), libraries: visible }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn copy_kotlin(source: &Path, destination: &Path, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<bool> {
+    let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(source) else { return Ok(false) };
+    let mut found = false;
+    for entry in entries {
+        if cancel.is_cancelled() {
+            return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
+        }
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let kind = entry.file_type()?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+        let output = destination.join(entry.file_name());
+        if kind.is_dir() {
+            found |= copy_kotlin(&path, &output, cancel)?;
+        } else if kind.is_file() {
+            let bytes = std::fs::read(&path)?;
+            let class = path.extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "class");
+            let metadata = path.extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "kotlin_module");
+            if metadata || (class && kotlin_class(&bytes).unwrap_or(false)) {
+                std::fs::create_dir_all(destination)?;
+                std::fs::write(output, bytes)?;
+                found |= class;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(found)
+}
+
+/// Read the actual class-level SourceFile attribute, rather than searching strings
+/// (a Java constant containing "Something.kt" must never become a Kotlin library).
+fn kotlin_class(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<bool> {
+    struct Reader<'a> {
+        bytes: &'a [u8],
+        pos: usize,
+    }
+    impl<'a> Reader<'a> {
+        fn take(&mut self, count: usize) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
+            let value = self.bytes.get(self.pos..self.pos.checked_add(count)?)?;
+            self.pos += count;
+            Some(value)
+        }
+        fn u2(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
+            Some(u16::from_be_bytes(self.take(2)?.try_into().ok()?) as usize)
+        }
+        fn u4(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
+            Some(u32::from_be_bytes(self.take(4)?.try_into().ok()?) as usize)
+        }
+        fn attributes(&mut self) -> Option<()> {
+            for _ in 0..self.u2()? {
+                self.u2()?;
+                let n = self.u4()?;
+                self.take(n)?;
+            }
+            Some(())
+        }
+    }
+    let mut reader = Reader { bytes, pos: 0 };
+    if reader.take(4)? != [0xca, 0xfe, 0xba, 0xbe] {
+        return None;
+    }
+    reader.take(4)?;
+    let count = reader.u2()?;
+    let mut utf8 = BTreeMap::new();
+    let mut index = 1;
+    while index < count {
+        match reader.take(1)?[0] {
+            1 => {
+                let n = reader.u2()?;
+                utf8.insert(index, reader.take(n)?);
+            }
+            3 | 4 | 9..=12 | 17 | 18 => {
+                reader.take(4)?;
+            }
+            5 | 6 => {
+                reader.take(8)?;
+                index += 1;
+            }
+            7 | 8 | 16 | 19 | 20 => {
+                reader.take(2)?;
+            }
+            15 => {
+                reader.take(3)?;
+            }
+            _ => return None,
+        }
+        index += 1;
+    }
+    reader.take(6)?;
+    let interfaces = reader.u2()?;
+    reader.take(interfaces.checked_mul(2)?)?;
+    for _ in 0..2 {
+        for _ in 0..reader.u2()? {
+            reader.take(6)?;
+            reader.attributes()?;
+        }
+    }
+    for _ in 0..reader.u2()? {
+        let name = reader.u2()?;
+        let length = reader.u4()?;
+        if utf8.get(&name).copied() == Some(b"SourceFile".as_slice()) && length == 2 {
+            let source = reader.u2()?;
+            return Some(utf8.get(&source)?.ends_with(b".kt"));
+        }
+        reader.take(length)?;
+    }
+    Some(false)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_kotlin_target_must_succeed_even_when_maven_fails_elsewhere() {
+        let mut modules: Vec<Module> = serde_json::from_str(r#"[
+            {"key":"lib","projectUri":"lib","output":"lib","dependencies":[],"hasKotlin":true,
+             "kotlinGoals":[{"execution":"main:compile","status":"success"},{"execution":"test:test-compile","status":"success"}]},
+            {"key":"java","projectUri":"java","output":"java","dependencies":[],"hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[]}
+        ]"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(kotlin_failures(&modules).is_empty());
+        for status in ["failed", "skipped"] {
+            modules[0].kotlin_goals[1].status = status.into();
+            let failures = kotlin_failures(&modules);
+            assert_eq!(failures.len(), 1);
+            assert!(failures[0].text.contains(&format!("test:test-compile {status}")));
+        }
+        modules[0].kotlin_goals.clear();
+        assert_eq!(kotlin_failures(&modules).len(), 1);
+        modules[0].has_kotlin = false;
+        assert!(kotlin_failures(&modules).is_empty());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_str::<Vec<Module>>(
+                r#"[{"key":"old","projectUri":"old","output":"old","dependencies":[]}]"#
+            )
+            .is_err()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn respects_mavens_resolved_closure_and_scopes() {
+        let json = r#"[
+          {"key":"zapp","projectUri":"app","output":"app", "hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[{"key":"mid","scope":"compile","optional":false},{"key":"lib","scope":"compile","optional":false}]},
+          {"key":"mid","projectUri":"mid","output":"mid", "hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[
+            {"key":"lib","scope":"compile","optional":false},
+            {"key":"optional","scope":"compile","optional":true},
+            {"key":"test","scope":"test","optional":false},
+            {"key":"provided","scope":"provided","optional":false}]},
+          {"key":"lib","projectUri":"lib","output":"lib","hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[]}
+        ]"#;
+        let modules: Vec<Module> = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
+        let libraries = ["zapp", "lib", "optional", "test", "provided"]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|key| (key.to_owned(), ModuleLibraries { main: Some(PathBuf::from(key)), test: None }))
+            .collect();
+        let result = consumers(&modules, &libraries);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result[0].libraries,
+            vec![Library { path: "zapp".into(), test: false }, Library { path: "lib".into(), test: false },]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(result[1].libraries.len(), 4);
+        assert!(result[1].libraries.iter().find(|l| l.path == Path::new("test")).unwrap().test);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_outputs_are_private_unless_maven_resolves_a_test_jar() {
+        let modules: Vec<Module> = serde_json::from_str(r#"[
+          {"key":"lib","projectUri":"lib","output":"lib","hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[]},
+          {"key":"app","projectUri":"app","output":"app","hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[{"key":"lib","scope":"compile","type":"jar","classifier":null}]},
+          {"key":"test-app","projectUri":"test-app","output":"app","hasKotlin":false,"kotlinGoals":[],"dependencies":[{"key":"lib","scope":"test","type":"test-jar","classifier":"tests"}]}
+        ]"#).unwrap();
+        let libraries =
+            BTreeMap::from([("lib".into(), ModuleLibraries { main: Some("main".into()), test: Some("test".into()) })]);
+        let result = consumers(&modules, &libraries);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result[0].libraries,
+            vec![Library { path: "test".into(), test: true }, Library { path: "main".into(), test: false }]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(result[1].libraries, vec![Library { path: "main".into(), test: false }]);
+        assert_eq!(result[2].libraries, vec![Library { path: "test".into(), test: true }]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn publishes_complete_directories_and_cancellation_keeps_them_private() {
+        let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let pending = directory.path().join("pending");
+        let final_path = directory.path().join("published");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&pending).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(pending.join("Channel.class"), "complete").unwrap();
+        let cancelled = CancellationToken::new();
+        cancelled.cancel();
+        assert!(publish(&pending, &final_path, &cancelled).is_err());
+        assert!(!final_path.exists());
+        assert!(pending.exists());
+        publish(&pending, &final_path, &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!pending.exists());
+        assert_eq!(std::fs::read(final_path.join("Channel.class")).unwrap(), b"complete");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn never_runs_another_build_system_with_maven_output_properties() {
+        let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(directory.path().join("Cargo.toml"), "").unwrap();
+        let error = build(
+            directory.path(),
+            &BuildModel::default(),
+            Path::new("unused.jar"),
+            &directory.path().join("private"),
+            &CancellationToken::new(),
+        )
+        .err()
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(error.message, "Kotlin bridge requires a Maven build root");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn does_not_find_deleted_sources_in_build_outputs() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.path().join("target/generated")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.path().join("target/generated/Old.kt"), "").unwrap();
+        assert!(!has_kotlin(dir.path()));
+        std::fs::write(dir.path().join("New.kt"), "").unwrap();
+        assert!(has_kotlin(dir.path()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_sourcefile_and_rejects_truncated_classes() {
+        let mut class = vec![0xca, 0xfe, 0xba, 0xbe, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 3, 1, 0, 10];
+        class.extend_from_slice(b"SourceFile");
+        class.extend_from_slice(&[1, 0, 10]);
+        class.extend_from_slice(b"Channel.kt");
+        class.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2]);
+        assert_eq!(kotlin_class(&class), Some(true));
+        for end in 0..class.len() {
+            assert!(kotlin_class(&class[..end]).is_none());
+        }
+        let offset = 26;
+        class[offset..offset + 10].copy_from_slice(b"Other.java");
+        assert_eq!(kotlin_class(&class), Some(false));
+    }
+}

crates/ide-build/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,17 +5,22 @@
 //! and merges what the last sync ([`sync_maven`] / [`sync_gradle`], which run
 //! Maven / Gradle in the background) cached for the project.
 
+pub mod application_update;
 pub mod compile;
 pub mod gradle;
+mod gradle_deps;
+pub mod kotlin_bridge;
 pub mod maven;
 pub mod pom_edit;
 mod process;
 mod sync;
+pub mod web;
 mod xml;
 
 pub use gradle::{GradleModel, GradleProject, GradleTask};
+pub use gradle_deps::{GradleDependency, gradle_dependencies};
 pub use maven::{MavenDependency, MavenModel, MavenPlugin, MavenProfile, MavenProject, Omission};
-pub use sync::{SyncOptions, SyncProgress, sync_gradle, sync_maven};
+pub use sync::{SyncOptions, SyncProgress, maven_profiles, save_maven_profiles, sync_gradle, sync_maven};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
@@ -50,7 +55,8 @@ pub fn load_linked(
     settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings,
 ) -> BuildModel {
     let maven = maven::is_maven_project(root).then(|| {
-        let mut m = maven::load_with_repo(root, maven_repo.or_else(maven::default_local_repo));
+        let profiles = sync::maven_profiles(cache_dir);
+        let mut m = maven::load_with(root, maven_repo.or_else(maven::default_local_repo), &profiles);
         maven::UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&m, settings).filter(&mut m);
         sync::apply_maven_cache(root, cache_dir, &mut m);
         m
@@ -62,6 +68,18 @@ pub fn load_linked(
     BuildModel { maven, gradle }
 }
 
+/// Gradle project folders outside `root` as of the last sync (`includeFlat` siblings):
+/// extra content roots, as IDEA lists module roots beside the project folder.
+/// Reads only the sync's cached projects (no build script), so it is cheap enough for hot paths.
+pub fn gradle_external_roots(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    gradle::external_roots(root, sync::reported_gradle_projects(cache_dir).iter().map(|p| p.dir.as_str()))
+}
+
+/// Source, resource and build folders of the last Gradle sync, absolute.
+pub fn gradle_source_roots(cache_dir: &Path) -> Vec<(PathBuf, gradle::ReportedRoot)> {
+    gradle::reported_source_roots(&sync::reported_gradle_projects(cache_dir))
+}
+
 /// A library the project depends on, as `groupId:artifactId:version`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct DependencyCoordinate {

crates/ide-build/src/maven.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ use crate::xml::{self, Element};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::io::Read;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};
 
 /// Phases shown under "Lifecycle" (IDEA's default list).
 pub const LIFECYCLE: &[&str] =
@@ -243,7 +245,8 @@ struct RawPom {
     plugins: Vec<RawPlugin>,
     managed_plugins: Vec<RawPlugin>,
     profiles: Vec<RawProfile>,
-    /// `<build><plugins>` `maven-compiler-plugin` `<release>` / `<source>`.
+    /// `maven-compiler-plugin` `<release>` / `<source>` of `<build><plugins>`, else of
+    /// `<pluginManagement>`.
     compiler_release: Option<String>,
 }
 
@@ -285,11 +288,29 @@ fn texts(e: &Element, path: &str, item: &str) -> Vec<String> {
     e.list(path, item).iter().map(|m| m.text.trim().to_owned()).filter(|m| !m.is_empty()).collect()
 }
 
+/// Child modules of a project or profile: `<modules>` (model 4.0.0) plus `<subprojects>`,
+/// which Maven 4 (model 4.1.0) uses instead.
+fn module_names(e: &Element) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut names = texts(e, "modules", "module");
+    names.extend(texts(e, "subprojects", "subproject"));
+    names
+}
+
 fn read_build(e: &Element, plugins: &mut Vec<RawPlugin>, managed: &mut Vec<RawPlugin>) {
     plugins.extend(e.list("build/plugins", "plugin").into_iter().filter_map(read_plugin));
     managed.extend(e.list("build/pluginManagement/plugins", "plugin").into_iter().filter_map(read_plugin));
 }
 
+/// `maven-compiler-plugin` `<release>` / `<source>` among the plugins at `path`.
+fn compiler_level(project: &Element, path: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    project
+        .list(path, "plugin")
+        .into_iter()
+        .find(|p| p.text_of("artifactId").as_deref() == Some("maven-compiler-plugin"))
+        .and_then(|p| p.child("configuration"))
+        .and_then(|c| c.text_of("release").or_else(|| c.text_of("source")))
+}
+
 fn read_raw(project: &Element) -> RawPom {
     let parent = project.child("parent").and_then(|p| {
         Some(ParentRef {
@@ -308,7 +329,7 @@ fn read_raw(project: &Element) -> RawPom {
         name: project.text_of("name"),
         parent,
         properties: read_properties(project.child("properties")),
-        modules: texts(project, "modules", "module"),
+        modules: module_names(project),
         deps: project.list("dependencies", "dependency").into_iter().filter_map(read_dep).collect(),
         managed: project
             .list("dependencyManagement/dependencies", "dependency")
@@ -318,18 +339,13 @@ fn read_raw(project: &Element) -> RawPom {
         ..RawPom::default()
     };
     read_build(project, &mut pom.plugins, &mut pom.managed_plugins);
-    if let Some(c) = pom.plugins.iter().position(|p| p.artifact_id == "maven-compiler-plugin") {
-        let plugin =
-            project.list("build/plugins", "plugin").into_iter().filter(|p| p.text_of("artifactId").is_some()).nth(c);
-        if let Some(cfg) = plugin.and_then(|p| p.child("configuration")) {
-            pom.compiler_release = cfg.text_of("release").or_else(|| cfg.text_of("source"));
-        }
-    }
+    pom.compiler_release =
+        compiler_level(project, "build/plugins").or_else(|| compiler_level(project, "build/pluginManagement/plugins"));
     for p in project.list("profiles", "profile") {
         let mut profile = RawProfile {
             id: p.text_of("id").unwrap_or_else(|| "default".into()),
             active_by_default: p.at("activation/activeByDefault").is_some_and(|a| a.text.trim() == "true"),
-            modules: texts(p, "modules", "module"),
+            modules: module_names(p),
             properties: read_properties(p.child("properties")),
             deps: p.list("dependencies", "dependency").into_iter().filter_map(read_dep).collect(),
             ..RawProfile::default()
@@ -401,6 +417,12 @@ struct Inherited {
     managed: Vec<RawDep>,
     plugins: Vec<RawPlugin>,
     managed_plugins: Vec<RawPlugin>,
+    /// The nearest `maven-compiler-plugin` `<release>` / `<source>`: a module usually
+    /// inherits its compiler level from the parent's (managed) plugin configuration.
+    compiler_release: Option<String>,
+    /// `<id>`, `activeByDefault`: profiles of the POM and its ancestors —
+    /// Maven lets a child enable a parent's profiles with `-P`.
+    profiles: Vec<(String, bool)>,
 }
 
 fn merge_by<T: Clone>(base: &mut Vec<T>, own: &[T], key: impl Fn(&T) -> String) {
@@ -438,6 +460,8 @@ const MAX_PARENT_DEPTH: usize = 10;
 
 struct Resolver {
     local_repo: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// The chosen profiles (`-P` entries; `!id` / `-id` deactivates).
+    profiles: Vec<String>,
     poms: HashMap<PathBuf, Option<RawPom>>,
     contexts: HashMap<PathBuf, Inherited>,
 }
@@ -445,18 +469,33 @@ struct Resolver {
 /// `~/.m2/repository`, or `<localRepository>` from `~/.m2/settings.xml`.
 pub(crate) fn default_local_repo() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     let m2 = dirs::home_dir()?.join(".m2");
-    if let Some(settings) = std::fs::read_to_string(m2.join("settings.xml")).ok().and_then(|t| xml::parse(&t))
-        && let Some(repo) = settings.text_of("localRepository")
-    {
-        let home = dirs::home_dir().map(|h| h.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default();
-        return Some(PathBuf::from(repo.replace("${user.home}", &home)));
+    local_repository_of(&m2.join("settings.xml")).or(Some(m2.join("repository")))
+}
+
+/// `<localRepository>` of a settings file, when it names one: the repository a build
+/// with `-s <file>` resolves into, which is not necessarily the user's default.
+pub fn local_repository_of(settings: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let text = std::fs::read_to_string(settings).ok()?;
+    let root = xml::parse(&text)?;
+    let repo = root.text_of("localRepository")?.trim().to_owned();
+    if repo.is_empty() {
+        return None;
     }
-    Some(m2.join("repository"))
+    let home = dirs::home_dir().map(|h| h.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default();
+    Some(PathBuf::from(repo.replace("${user.home}", &home)))
 }
 
 impl Resolver {
-    fn new(local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> Self {
-        Self { local_repo, poms: HashMap::new(), contexts: HashMap::new() }
+    fn new(local_repo: Option<PathBuf>, profiles: &[String]) -> Self {
+        Self { local_repo, profiles: profiles.to_vec(), poms: HashMap::new(), contexts: HashMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// The active profiles of a POM: the chosen ones, and the `activeByDefault` ones not turned
+    /// off while none of the POM's other profiles is chosen (Maven's rule).
+    fn active<'a>(&self, profiles: &'a [RawProfile]) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a RawProfile> {
+        let chosen = |id: &str| profile_choice(&self.profiles, id);
+        let any_chosen = profiles.iter().any(|p| chosen(&p.id) == Some(true));
+        profiles.iter().filter(move |p| chosen(&p.id).unwrap_or(p.active_by_default && !any_chosen))
     }
 
     fn pom(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Option<RawPom> {
@@ -518,11 +557,19 @@ impl Resolver {
         merge_by(&mut ctx.deps, &pom.deps, RawDep::key);
         merge_plugins(&mut ctx.plugins, &pom.plugins);
         merge_plugins(&mut ctx.managed_plugins, &pom.managed_plugins);
-        for p in pom.profiles.iter().filter(|p| p.active_by_default) {
+        if pom.compiler_release.is_some() {
+            ctx.compiler_release = pom.compiler_release.clone();
+        }
+        for p in self.active(&pom.profiles) {
             merge_by(&mut ctx.properties, &p.properties, |(k, _)| k.clone());
             merge_by(&mut ctx.deps, &p.deps, RawDep::key);
             merge_plugins(&mut ctx.plugins, &p.plugins);
         }
+        merge_by(
+            &mut ctx.profiles,
+            &pom.profiles.iter().map(|p| (p.id.clone(), p.active_by_default)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            |(id, _)| id.clone(),
+        );
         // Managed dependencies: own entries win; imported BOMs fill the gaps.
         let props = self.properties_for(&pom, &ctx, &dir);
         let mut imported: Vec<RawDep> = Vec::new();
@@ -593,6 +640,72 @@ impl Resolver {
     }
 }
 
+/// Files and source/resource trees consumed by a launch build. Unresolved custom
+/// roots disable reuse rather than silently omitting an input.
+pub(crate) fn launch_inputs(
+    root: &Path,
+    projects: &[&MavenProject],
+    local_repo: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Option<Vec<PathBuf>> {
+    fn roots(el: &Element, parent: &str, dir: &Path, out: &mut Vec<PathBuf>) -> Option<()> {
+        let input =
+            matches!(el.name.as_str(), "sourceDirectory" | "testSourceDirectory" | "sourceDir" | "testSourceDir")
+                || (matches!(parent, "sources" | "sourceDirs" | "testSources" | "testSourceDirs")
+                    && matches!(el.name.as_str(), "source" | "sourceDir" | "testSourceDir"))
+                || (matches!(parent, "resource" | "testResource" | "source" | "testSource") && el.name == "directory")
+                || (parent == "filters" && el.name == "filter");
+        // Profile activation may depend on the presence of an otherwise unrelated file.
+        let activation = parent == "file" && matches!(el.name.as_str(), "exists" | "missing");
+        if input || activation {
+            // Other properties can be overridden by -D, profiles or settings.
+            // Without Maven's effective roots, conservatively disable reuse for them.
+            let value = el
+                .text
+                .trim()
+                .replace("${project.basedir}", &dir.to_string_lossy())
+                .replace("${basedir}", &dir.to_string_lossy());
+            if value.contains("${") {
+                return None;
+            }
+            if !value.is_empty() {
+                out.push(dir.join(value));
+            }
+        }
+        for child in &el.children {
+            roots(child, &el.name, dir, out)?;
+        }
+        Some(())
+    }
+    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(local_repo.or_else(default_local_repo), &[]);
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for project in projects {
+        let dir = root.join(&project.dir);
+        // Include all conventional language/resource roots, including nonstandard files under src.
+        out.push(dir.join("src"));
+        let pom = root.join(&project.pom);
+        resolver.context(&pom, 0);
+        let mut path = pom;
+        let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+        loop {
+            let canonical = dunce::canonicalize(&path).ok()?;
+            if !seen.insert(canonical) || seen.len() > MAX_PARENT_DEPTH {
+                return None;
+            }
+            out.push(path.clone());
+            let text = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).ok()?;
+            roots(&xml::parse(&text)?, "", &dir, &mut out)?;
+            let raw = resolver.pom(&path)?;
+            let Some(parent) = raw.parent else { break };
+            path = resolver.parent_path(path.parent()?, &parent)?;
+        }
+    }
+    // Also track imported BOMs read while resolving inheritance.
+    out.extend(resolver.poms.into_keys());
+    out.sort();
+    out.dedup();
+    Some(out)
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------- plugins
 
 /// `maven-clean-plugin` → `clean`, `spring-boot-maven-plugin` → `spring-boot`.
@@ -606,7 +719,76 @@ pub fn goal_prefix(artifact_id: &str) -> String {
     artifact_id.strip_suffix("-plugin").unwrap_or(artifact_id).to_owned()
 }
 
-/// Goals of well-known plugins (their plugin descriptors are not read).
+/// Goals of every plugin jar read so far, by the path of that jar.
+static DESCRIPTOR: OnceLock<Mutex<HashMap<String, Vec<String>>>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// `<goal>` names of the plugin descriptor inside its jar (`META-INF/maven/plugin.xml`),
+/// which is where Maven itself takes the list `plugin:help` prints. Empty when the jar
+/// is not in the local repository yet.
+fn descriptor_goals(repo: &Path, group_id: &str, artifact_id: &str, version: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    // Keyed by the jar itself, not by its coordinates: a repository can be replaced
+    // between runs, and a test's empty repository must not answer for another's.
+    // One `push` per group segment: the layout is `<repo>/<group as directories>/…` on
+    // every platform, Windows' separator included.
+    let mut dir = repo.to_path_buf();
+    dir.extend(group_id.split('.'));
+    dir.push(artifact_id);
+    dir.push(version);
+    let Some(jar) = plugin_jar(&dir, artifact_id, version) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let key = jar.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+    let cache = DESCRIPTOR.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
+    if let Some(cached) = cache.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).get(&key) {
+        return cached.clone();
+    }
+    // A failed read is not remembered: the jar may be half written by Maven right now.
+    let Some(goals) = read_descriptor(&jar) else { return Vec::new() };
+    cache.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).insert(key, goals.clone());
+    goals
+}
+
+/// The plugin's jar in its version directory: `<artifactId>-<version>.jar`, or — for a
+/// SNAPSHOT installed from a repository, whose file name carries a timestamp — the newest
+/// `<artifactId>-*.jar` that is neither sources nor javadoc.
+fn plugin_jar(dir: &Path, artifact_id: &str, version: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let exact = dir.join(format!("{artifact_id}-{version}.jar"));
+    if exact.is_file() {
+        return Some(exact);
+    }
+    let prefix = format!("{artifact_id}-");
+    let mut best: Option<(std::time::SystemTime, PathBuf)> = None;
+    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(dir).ok()?.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        let Some(name) = path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) else { continue };
+        if !name.starts_with(&prefix) || !name.ends_with(".jar") || name.ends_with("-sources.jar") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if name.ends_with("-javadoc.jar") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Ok(modified) = entry.metadata().and_then(|m| m.modified()) else { continue };
+        if best.as_ref().is_none_or(|(at, _)| modified > *at) {
+            best = Some((modified, path));
+        }
+    }
+    best.map(|(_, p)| p)
+}
+
+fn read_descriptor(jar: &Path) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+    let file = std::fs::File::open(jar).ok()?;
+    let mut archive = zip::ZipArchive::new(file).ok()?;
+    let mut entry = archive.by_name("META-INF/maven/plugin.xml").ok()?;
+    let mut text = String::new();
+    entry.read_to_string(&mut text).ok()?;
+    let root = xml::parse(&text)?;
+    let mut goals: Vec<String> =
+        root.list("mojos", "mojo").iter().filter_map(|m| m.text_of("goal")).map(|g| g.trim().to_owned()).collect();
+    goals.retain(|g| !g.is_empty());
+    goals.sort();
+    goals.dedup();
+    Some(goals)
+}
+
+/// Goals of well-known plugins, for a jar that is not in the local repository yet.
 fn known_goals(artifact_id: &str) -> &'static [&'static str] {
     match artifact_id {
         "maven-clean-plugin" => &["clean", "help"],
@@ -758,9 +940,27 @@ fn lifecycle_plugins(packaging: &str) -> &'static [&'static str] {
     }
 }
 
-/// A plugin as shown in the tree: execution goals plus the plugin's known goals, sorted.
-pub(crate) fn plugin(group_id: &str, artifact_id: &str, version: Option<String>, goals: &[String]) -> MavenPlugin {
+/// A plugin as shown in the tree: the goals its jar declares, the ones known by name for
+/// the common plugins, and the ones the project binds in `<executions>`, sorted. IDEA lists
+/// a plugin's goals the same way, which is why a plugin outside the table (checkstyle, say)
+/// still shows every goal it offers instead of only the bound one.
+pub(crate) fn plugin(
+    group_id: &str,
+    artifact_id: &str,
+    version: Option<String>,
+    goals: &[String],
+    local_repo: Option<&Path>,
+) -> MavenPlugin {
     let mut all: Vec<String> = known_goals(artifact_id).iter().map(|g| (*g).to_owned()).collect();
+    let repo = local_repo.map(Path::to_path_buf).or_else(default_local_repo);
+    // An unresolved `${…}` version names no jar: the table and the bound goals stand in.
+    if let (Some(repo), Some(version)) = (repo.as_deref(), version.as_deref().filter(|v| !v.contains("${"))) {
+        for g in descriptor_goals(repo, group_id, artifact_id, version) {
+            if !all.contains(&g) {
+                all.push(g);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     for g in goals {
         if !all.contains(g) {
             all.push(g.clone());
@@ -788,13 +988,19 @@ fn rel_path(root: &Path, p: &Path) -> String {
 }
 
 /// The POMs that are not modules of another one: the root `pom.xml`, else the
-/// shallowest `pom.xml` of each branch (a folder holding several builds).
+/// shallowest `pom.xml` of each branch (a folder holding several builds). An
+/// aggregate POM directly inside `src/` counts too (issue #1001: `src/pom.xml`
+/// with its modules beside it, `src/app/pom.xml` and so on).
 fn top_level_poms(root: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
     let top = root.join("pom.xml");
     if top.is_file() {
         return vec![top];
     }
     let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let src_pom = root.join("src").join("pom.xml");
+    if src_pom.is_file() {
+        out.push(src_pom);
+    }
     let mut queue: Vec<(PathBuf, usize)> = vec![(root.to_path_buf(), 0)];
     while let Some((dir, depth)) = queue.pop() {
         let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&dir) else { continue };
@@ -808,9 +1014,16 @@ fn top_level_poms(root: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
         }
         dirs.sort();
         for d in dirs.into_iter().rev() {
-            if d.join("pom.xml").is_file() {
-                out.push(d.join("pom.xml"));
-            } else if depth + 1 < POM_SEARCH_DEPTH {
+            let pom = d.join("pom.xml");
+            if pom.is_file() {
+                out.push(pom);
+                continue;
+            }
+            let src_pom = d.join("src").join("pom.xml");
+            if src_pom.is_file() {
+                out.push(src_pom);
+            }
+            if depth + 1 < POM_SEARCH_DEPTH {
                 queue.push((d, depth + 1));
             }
         }
@@ -852,8 +1065,32 @@ pub fn load(root: &Path) -> MavenModel {
     load_with_repo(root, default_local_repo())
 }
 
+/// [`load`] with the chosen `profiles` (`-P` entries; `!id` deactivates): their modules,
+/// dependencies and properties are part of the model, those turned off are not.
+pub fn load_with_profiles(root: &Path, profiles: &[String]) -> MavenModel {
+    load_with(root, default_local_repo(), profiles)
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn load_with_repo(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> MavenModel {
-    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(local_repo);
+    load_with(root, local_repo, &[])
+}
+
+/// The `-P` entries' choice for profile `id`: on, off (`!id` / `-id`), or none (the last wins).
+fn profile_choice(chosen: &[String], id: &str) -> Option<bool> {
+    chosen.iter().rev().find_map(|c| {
+        let c = c.trim();
+        if c == id {
+            Some(true)
+        } else if c.strip_prefix('!').or_else(|| c.strip_prefix('-')) == Some(id) {
+            Some(false)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn load_with(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>, profiles: &[String]) -> MavenModel {
+    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(local_repo, profiles);
     let mut model = MavenModel::default();
     let mut seen: HashSet<PathBuf> = HashSet::new();
     // (pom, aggregated)
@@ -873,7 +1110,7 @@ pub(crate) fn load_with_repo(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> MavenM
         let i = |s: &str| interpolate(s, &props);
 
         let mut module_names: Vec<String> = pom.modules.clone();
-        for p in pom.profiles.iter().filter(|p| p.active_by_default) {
+        for p in resolver.active(&pom.profiles) {
             module_names.extend(p.modules.iter().cloned());
         }
         let mut modules: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
@@ -925,19 +1162,20 @@ pub(crate) fn load_with_repo(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> MavenM
                     .or_else(|| ctx.managed_plugins.iter().find(|m| m.key() == p.key()).and_then(|m| m.version.clone()))
                     .map(|v| i(&v))
                     .filter(|v| !v.contains("${"));
-                plugin(&i(&p.group_id), &i(&p.artifact_id), version, &p.goals)
+                plugin(&i(&p.group_id), &i(&p.artifact_id), version, &p.goals, resolver.local_repo.as_deref())
             })
             .collect();
 
         let jv = ["maven.compiler.release", "java.version", "maven.compiler.source", "maven.compiler.target"]
             .iter()
             .find_map(|k| props.get(*k).map(|v| i(v)))
-            .or_else(|| pom.compiler_release.as_deref().map(i))
+            .or_else(|| ctx.compiler_release.as_deref().map(i))
             .and_then(|v| java_version(&v));
 
-        for p in &pom.profiles {
-            if !model.profiles.iter().any(|x| x.id == p.id) {
-                model.profiles.push(MavenProfile { id: p.id.clone(), active_by_default: p.active_by_default });
+        // The project can activate the profiles of its own POM and its ancestors'.
+        for (id, active) in &ctx.profiles {
+            if !model.profiles.iter().any(|x| x.id == *id) {
+                model.profiles.push(MavenProfile { id: id.clone(), active_by_default: *active });
             }
         }
         let artifact_id = i(&pom.artifact_id);
@@ -954,7 +1192,7 @@ pub(crate) fn load_with_repo(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> MavenM
             aggregated,
             plugins,
             dependencies,
-            profiles: pom.profiles.iter().map(|p| p.id.clone()).collect(),
+            profiles: ctx.profiles.iter().map(|(id, _)| id.clone()).collect(),
             java_version: jv,
             command: wrapper(root, &dir),
             options: Vec::new(),
@@ -1004,6 +1242,40 @@ impl UnlinkedProjects {
         self.poms.iter().map(String::as_str)
     }
 
+    /// The POMs the Java language server should import when an unlinked POM is a module of a
+    /// linked reactor, else `None` (excluding the unlinked directories is enough then).
+    ///
+    /// jdtls imports an aggregator together with all of its modules, whatever its import
+    /// exclusions say, so a reactor keeping an unlinked module is left out; its other linked
+    /// modules are listed on their own. Such an aggregator (`pom` packaging) has no sources.
+    pub fn import_poms(&self, model: &MavenModel) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        let linked: Vec<&MavenProject> = model.projects.iter().filter(|p| !self.contains(&p.pom)).collect();
+        if !linked.iter().any(|p| p.modules.iter().any(|m| self.contains(m))) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let by_pom: std::collections::HashMap<String, &MavenProject> =
+            model.projects.iter().map(|p| (normalized_pom(&p.pom), p)).collect();
+        // Whether `pom`'s module tree reaches an unlinked POM.
+        let reaches_unlinked = |pom: &str| {
+            let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+            let mut pending = vec![normalized_pom(pom)];
+            while let Some(pom) = pending.pop() {
+                if !seen.insert(pom.clone()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let Some(project) = by_pom.get(&pom) else { continue };
+                for module in &project.modules {
+                    if self.contains(module) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    pending.push(normalized_pom(module));
+                }
+            }
+            false
+        };
+        Some(linked.into_iter().filter(|p| !reaches_unlinked(&p.pom)).map(|p| normalized_pom(&p.pom)).collect())
+    }
+
     pub fn filter(&self, model: &mut MavenModel) {
         model.projects.retain(|p| !self.contains(&p.pom));
         for project in &mut model.projects {
@@ -1036,6 +1308,16 @@ pub fn build_files(root: &Path, model: &MavenModel) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
 /// Projects and their plugins / dependencies from `mvn help:effective-pom` output
 /// (`<project>` or `<projects>`), keyed `groupId:artifactId`.
 pub fn parse_effective_pom(text: &str) -> Vec<(String, Vec<MavenPlugin>, Vec<MavenDependency>)> {
+    parse_effective_pom_in(text, None)
+}
+
+/// The same, with the local repository the project actually builds against (a
+/// `-Dmaven.repo.local` of the build, say): the plugin goals come from jars there,
+/// rather than from the user's default one.
+pub fn parse_effective_pom_in(
+    text: &str,
+    local_repo: Option<&Path>,
+) -> Vec<(String, Vec<MavenPlugin>, Vec<MavenDependency>)> {
     let Some(root) = xml::parse(text) else { return Vec::new() };
     let projects: Vec<&Element> =
         if root.name == "projects" { root.children_named("project").collect() } else { vec![&root] };
@@ -1047,7 +1329,7 @@ pub fn parse_effective_pom(text: &str) -> Vec<(String, Vec<MavenPlugin>, Vec<Mav
             let plugins = raw
                 .plugins
                 .iter()
-                .map(|pl| plugin(&pl.group_id, &pl.artifact_id, pl.version.clone(), &pl.goals))
+                .map(|pl| plugin(&pl.group_id, &pl.artifact_id, pl.version.clone(), &pl.goals, local_repo))
                 .collect();
             let deps = raw
                 .deps
@@ -1178,6 +1460,107 @@ pub fn parse_dependency_tree(output: &str) -> Vec<(String, Vec<MavenDependency>)
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    /// A plugin jar in `repo` whose descriptor declares `goals`.
+    fn write_plugin_jar(repo: &Path, group: &str, artifact: &str, version: &str, goals: &[&str]) {
+        let dir = repo.join(group.replace('.', "/")).join(artifact).join(version);
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let mojos: String = goals.iter().map(|g| format!("<mojo><goal>{g}</goal></mojo>")).collect();
+        let descriptor = format!("<plugin><mojos>{mojos}</mojos></plugin>");
+        let file = std::fs::File::create(dir.join(format!("{artifact}-{version}.jar"))).unwrap();
+        let mut zip = zip::ZipWriter::new(file);
+        zip.start_file("META-INF/maven/plugin.xml", zip::write::SimpleFileOptions::default()).unwrap();
+        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut zip, descriptor.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        zip.finish().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_plugin_lists_the_goals_its_jar_declares() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let repo = tmp.path();
+        write_plugin_jar(
+            repo,
+            "org.apache.maven.plugins",
+            "maven-checkstyle-plugin",
+            "3.3.1",
+            &["checkstyle", "checkstyle-aggregate", "help", "check"],
+        );
+        let p = plugin(
+            "org.apache.maven.plugins",
+            "maven-checkstyle-plugin",
+            Some("3.3.1".into()),
+            &["check".to_owned()],
+            Some(repo),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(p.goals, ["check", "checkstyle", "checkstyle-aggregate", "help"], "every goal the plugin offers");
+        assert_eq!(p.prefix, "checkstyle");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_settings_file_names_the_repository_to_read_goals_from() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let settings = tmp.path().join("settings.xml");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &settings,
+            "<settings><localRepository>${user.home}/repo-from-settings</localRepository></settings>",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let repo = local_repository_of(&settings).unwrap();
+        assert!(repo.ends_with("repo-from-settings"), "{}", repo.display());
+        assert!(!repo.to_string_lossy().contains("${user.home}"));
+        // A settings file that names none leaves Maven's default alone.
+        let plain = tmp.path().join("plain.xml");
+        std::fs::write(&plain, "<settings><offline>true</offline></settings>").unwrap();
+        assert!(local_repository_of(&plain).is_none());
+        assert!(local_repository_of(&tmp.path().join("missing.xml")).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn effective_pom_goals_come_from_the_local_repository_it_is_given() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        write_plugin_jar(tmp.path(), "org.apache.maven.plugins", "maven-demo-plugin", "1.0", &["run", "help"]);
+        let text = "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>a</artifactId><build><plugins>\
+            <plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-demo-plugin</artifactId>\
+            <version>1.0</version><executions><execution><goals><goal>run</goal></goals></execution></executions>\
+            </plugin></plugins></build></project>";
+        let with_repo = parse_effective_pom_in(text, Some(tmp.path()));
+        assert_eq!(with_repo[0].1[0].goals, ["help", "run"], "the jar's own goals come first");
+        // Without that repository the plugin is unknown: only what the project binds.
+        assert_eq!(parse_effective_pom(text)[0].1[0].goals, ["run"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_snapshot_plugin_is_found_by_its_timestamped_jar() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dir = tmp.path().join("g/p/maven-demo-plugin/1.0-SNAPSHOT");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let descriptor = "<plugin><mojos><mojo><goal>run</goal></mojo></mojos></plugin>";
+        let file = std::fs::File::create(dir.join("maven-demo-plugin-1.0-20240101.120000-3.jar")).unwrap();
+        let mut zip = zip::ZipWriter::new(file);
+        zip.start_file("META-INF/maven/plugin.xml", zip::write::SimpleFileOptions::default()).unwrap();
+        std::io::Write::write_all(&mut zip, descriptor.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        zip.finish().unwrap();
+        // A sibling sources jar must not win.
+        std::fs::File::create(dir.join("maven-demo-plugin-1.0-20240101.120000-3-sources.jar")).unwrap();
+        let p = plugin("g.p", "maven-demo-plugin", Some("1.0-SNAPSHOT".into()), &[], Some(tmp.path()));
+        assert_eq!(p.goals, ["run"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_plugin_without_its_jar_keeps_the_table_and_the_bound_goals() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let p = plugin(
+            "org.apache.maven.plugins",
+            "maven-checkstyle-plugin",
+            Some("3.3.1".into()),
+            &["check".to_owned()],
+            Some(tmp.path()),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(p.goals, ["check"], "nothing beyond what the project binds");
+        let known =
+            plugin("org.apache.maven.plugins", "maven-compiler-plugin", Some("3.13.0".into()), &[], Some(tmp.path()));
+        assert_eq!(known.goals, ["compile", "help", "testCompile"], "the common plugins keep their table");
+    }
+
     fn write(dir: &Path, rel: &str, text: &str) {
         let p = dir.join(rel);
         std::fs::create_dir_all(p.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -1201,6 +1584,72 @@ mod tests {
       </profiles>
     </project>"#;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn maven_4_subprojects_are_modules() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(
+            root,
+            "pom.xml",
+            r#"<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.1.0"><modelVersion>4.1.0</modelVersion>
+              <groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging>
+              <subprojects><subproject>core</subproject></subprojects>
+              <profiles><profile><id>extra</id><subprojects><subproject>extra</subproject></subprojects></profile></profiles>
+            </project>"#,
+        );
+        write(root, "core/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>core</artifactId></project>");
+        write(root, "extra/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>extra</artifactId></project>");
+        let model = load_with_repo(root, None);
+        assert_eq!(model.projects[0].modules, ["core/pom.xml"]);
+        assert!(model.projects.iter().any(|p| p.pom == "core/pom.xml" && p.aggregated));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn modules_inherit_the_compiler_level_of_the_parent_plugin_configuration() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        let parent = |build: &str| {
+            format!(
+                r#"<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging>
+                  <modules><module>core</module><module>app</module></modules>
+                  <properties><jdk>17</jdk></properties>{build}</project>"#
+            )
+        };
+        let child = |name: &str, build: &str| {
+            format!(
+                r#"<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version></parent>
+                  <artifactId>{name}</artifactId>{build}</project>"#
+            )
+        };
+        let compiler = |level: &str| {
+            format!(
+                "<plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><configuration><source>{level}</source></configuration></plugin>"
+            )
+        };
+        let versions = |model: &MavenModel| -> Vec<(String, Option<u32>)> {
+            model.projects.iter().map(|p| (p.pom.clone(), p.java_version)).collect()
+        };
+        let app_build = format!("<build><plugins>{}</plugins></build>", compiler("21"));
+        write(root, "core/pom.xml", &child("core", ""));
+        write(root, "app/pom.xml", &child("app", &app_build));
+        for build in [
+            format!("<build><pluginManagement><plugins>{}</plugins></pluginManagement></build>", compiler("${jdk}")),
+            format!("<build><plugins>{}</plugins></build>", compiler("1.8")),
+        ] {
+            write(root, "pom.xml", &parent(&build));
+            let expected = if build.contains("1.8") { 8 } else { 17 };
+            assert_eq!(
+                versions(&load_with_repo(root, None)),
+                [
+                    ("pom.xml".to_owned(), Some(expected)),
+                    ("core/pom.xml".to_owned(), Some(expected)),
+                    ("app/pom.xml".to_owned(), Some(21)),
+                ],
+                "{build}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn multi_module_parent_properties_and_managed_versions() {
         let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -1280,9 +1729,87 @@ mod tests {
         let profiles: Vec<(&str, bool)> = model.profiles.iter().map(|p| (p.id.as_str(), p.active_by_default)).collect();
         assert_eq!(profiles, [("dev", true), ("extra", false)]);
         assert_eq!(parent.profiles, ["dev", "extra"]);
+        assert_eq!(core.profiles, ["dev", "extra"], "a module inherits its parent's profiles");
         assert!(model.projects.iter().all(|p| p.command == if cfg!(windows) { "mvn.cmd" } else { "mvn" }));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn chosen_profiles_bring_their_modules_and_dependencies() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(
+            root,
+            "pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging>
+              <modules><module>core</module></modules>
+              <profiles>
+                <profile><id>flink-1.17</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation>
+                  <modules><module>flink-1.17</module></modules></profile>
+                <profile><id>flink-1.20</id><modules><module>flink-1.20</module></modules>
+                  <dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId><artifactId>flink-core</artifactId><version>1.20.0</version></dependency></dependencies>
+                </profile>
+              </profiles>
+            </project>"#,
+        );
+        for m in ["core", "flink-1.17", "flink-1.20"] {
+            write(
+                root,
+                &format!("{m}/pom.xml"),
+                &format!(
+                    "<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version></parent><artifactId>{m}</artifactId></project>"
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+        let dirs = |m: &MavenModel| m.projects.iter().map(|p| p.dir.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let flink = |m: &MavenModel, dir: &str| {
+            m.projects.iter().find(|p| p.dir == dir).unwrap().dependencies.iter().any(|d| d.artifact_id == "flink-core")
+        };
+
+        let default = load_with(root, None, &[]);
+        assert_eq!(dirs(&default), ["", "core", "flink-1.17"]);
+        assert!(!flink(&default, "core"));
+
+        // Choosing another profile of the POM turns its activeByDefault one off (as `-P` does).
+        let chosen = load_with(root, None, &["flink-1.20".into()]);
+        assert_eq!(dirs(&chosen), ["", "core", "flink-1.20"]);
+        assert!(flink(&chosen, "core"), "a module inherits the chosen profile's dependencies");
+
+        let both = load_with(root, None, &["flink-1.20".into(), "flink-1.17".into()]);
+        assert_eq!(dirs(&both), ["", "core", "flink-1.17", "flink-1.20"]);
+        assert_eq!(dirs(&load_with(root, None, &["!flink-1.17".into()])), ["", "core"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn profiles_of_a_parent_pom_are_inherited() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(
+            root,
+            "pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version>
+              <packaging>pom</packaging><modules><module>child</module></modules>
+              <profiles>
+                <profile><id>jdk8</id></profile>
+                <profile><id>jdk21</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation></profile>
+              </profiles>
+            </project>"#,
+        );
+        write(
+            root,
+            "child/pom.xml",
+            r#"<project><parent><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1.0</version></parent>
+              <artifactId>child</artifactId>
+              <profiles><profile><id>own</id></profile></profiles>
+            </project>"#,
+        );
+        let model = load_with_repo(root, None);
+        let child = &model.projects[1];
+        // `-Pjdk8` on the module activates the parent's profile, so it is listed.
+        assert_eq!(child.profiles, ["jdk8", "jdk21", "own"]);
+        let profiles: Vec<(&str, bool)> = model.profiles.iter().map(|p| (p.id.as_str(), p.active_by_default)).collect();
+        assert_eq!(profiles, [("jdk8", false), ("jdk21", true), ("own", false)]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn parent_and_bom_from_the_local_repository_and_wrapper() {
         let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -1364,6 +1891,25 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!is_maven_project(&root.join("c")));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn aggregate_pom_in_src_is_a_build() {
+        // Issue #1001: `src/pom.xml` aggregating modules under `src/` is recognized,
+        // with its modules loaded — while `src` stays unsearched otherwise.
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        write(
+            root,
+            "src/pom.xml",
+            "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><packaging>pom</packaging>\
+             <modules><module>app</module></modules></project>",
+        );
+        write(root, "src/app/pom.xml", "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>app</artifactId></project>");
+        let model = load_with_repo(root, None);
+        let names: Vec<&str> = model.projects.iter().map(|p| p.artifact_id.as_str()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["parent", "app"]);
+        assert!(is_maven_project(root));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn property_interpolation() {
         let props: HashMap<String, String> =
@@ -1561,4 +2107,51 @@ mod linkage_tests {
         UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&original, &MavenSettings::default()).filter(&mut restored);
         assert_eq!(restored, original);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn language_server_imports_reactor_modules_individually_once_one_is_unlinked() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path();
+        // r ─┬─ x
+        //    ├─ y ─┬─ y/y1
+        //    │     └─ y/y2
+        //    └─ z          other/ is a separate root.
+        for (dir, modules) in [
+            ("r", "<modules><module>x</module><module>y</module><module>z</module></modules>"),
+            ("r/x", ""),
+            ("r/y", "<modules><module>y1</module><module>y2</module></modules>"),
+            ("r/y/y1", ""),
+            ("r/y/y2", ""),
+            ("r/z", ""),
+            ("other", ""),
+        ] {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
+            std::fs::write(
+                root.join(dir).join("pom.xml"),
+                format!("<project><artifactId>{dir}</artifactId>{modules}</project>"),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+        let model = load_with_repo(root, None);
+        let cases: [(&[&str], Option<&[&str]>); 5] = [
+            // Nothing unlinked, or whole roots: the import exclusions do it.
+            (&[], None),
+            (&["other/pom.xml"], None),
+            (&["r/pom.xml"], None),
+            // A module of a linked reactor: every other linked POM, minus the aggregators above it.
+            (&["r/y/y1/pom.xml"], Some(&["other/pom.xml", "r/x/pom.xml", "r/y/y2/pom.xml", "r/z/pom.xml"])),
+            (&["./r/y/pom.xml"], Some(&["other/pom.xml", "r/x/pom.xml", "r/z/pom.xml"])),
+        ];
+        for (unlinked, expected) in cases {
+            let settings = MavenSettings {
+                unlinked_projects: unlinked.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            };
+            let mut poms = UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&model, &settings).import_poms(&model);
+            if let Some(poms) = &mut poms {
+                poms.sort();
+            }
+            assert_eq!(poms, expected.map(|e| e.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>()), "{unlinked:?}");
+        }
+    }
 }

crates/ide-build/src/process.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 //! line to a callback, and cancellation kills the whole process group (the
 //! `mvnw` / `gradlew` wrapper scripts start the JVM as a child).
 
+use ide_core::process::kill_tree;
 use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read};
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -22,16 +23,20 @@ pub(crate) struct Output {
     pub text: String,
 }
 
-fn kill_tree(child: &mut Child) {
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    if let Ok(pid) = i32::try_from(child.id()) {
-        // SAFETY: plain syscall; the group was created by `process_group(0)` at spawn.
-        unsafe {
-            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGKILL);
-        }
+/// `program` as spawnable: a bare name (`mvn`, `mvn.cmd`) resolves on the IDE's
+/// search path — the login shell's `PATH` plus version-manager shims — since the
+/// app's own `PATH` can be minimal and `Command` would not see `mvn` there.
+pub(crate) fn program_path(program: &str, env: &BTreeMap<String, String>) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+    let path = std::path::Path::new(program);
+    if !path.is_relative() || path.components().count() > 1 {
+        return path.to_path_buf();
     }
-    let _ = child.kill();
-    let _ = child.wait();
+    let search = env
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(k, _)| k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("PATH"))
+        .map(|(_, v)| std::ffi::OsString::from(v))
+        .unwrap_or_else(ide_core::tool_path::search_path);
+    ide_core::process::find_executable(program, &search).unwrap_or_else(|| path.to_path_buf())
 }
 
 /// Runs `program args` in `cwd`, feeding each output line to `on_line`; kills
@@ -42,22 +47,35 @@ pub(crate) fn run(
     cwd: &Path,
     env: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
     cancel: &CancellationToken,
+    on_line: impl FnMut(Stream, &str),
+) -> IdeResult<Output> {
+    run_with_env(program, args, cwd, env, false, cancel, on_line)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn run_with_env(
+    program: &str,
+    args: &[String],
+    cwd: &Path,
+    env: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    clear_env: bool,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
     mut on_line: impl FnMut(Stream, &str),
 ) -> IdeResult<Output> {
     tracing::info!("build: {program} {} (in {})", args.join(" "), cwd.display());
     // Output is read as UTF-8: JVMs on Windows are told to write it (see `ide_core::output_encoding`).
     let encoding =
         ide_core::output_encoding::fix(program, args, env, |k| std::env::var(k).ok(), "UTF-8", cfg!(windows));
-    let mut command = Command::new(program);
-    command.args(args).current_dir(cwd).envs(env).envs(encoding.env).stdin(Stdio::null());
+    let program = program_path(program, env);
+    let mut command = Command::new(&program);
+    command.args(args).current_dir(cwd).envs(env).envs(encoding.env.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k, v))).stdin(Stdio::null());
     command.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    {
-        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
-        command.process_group(0);
+    // Its own group: `mvnw` / `gradlew` start the JVM as a child, and cancelling kills both.
+    ide_core::process::prepare(ide_core::process::own_group(&mut command));
+    if clear_env {
+        command.env_clear().envs(env).envs(encoding.env);
     }
-    ide_core::process::prepare(&mut command);
-    let mut child = command.spawn().map_err(|e| IdeError::unavailable(format!("cannot start {program}: {e}")))?;
+    let mut child =
+        command.spawn().map_err(|e| IdeError::unavailable(format!("cannot start {}: {e}", program.display())))?;
     let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<(Stream, String)>();
     let pump = |stream: Box<dyn Read + Send>, kind: Stream, tx: mpsc::Sender<(Stream, String)>| {
         std::thread::spawn(move || {

crates/ide-build/src/sync.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@
 //! per project (`maven.json`, `gradle.json` in the cache directory) and merged
 //! into the static model by [`crate::load`]; a changed build file marks them stale.
 
-use crate::gradle::{self, GradleModel, GradleTask};
+use crate::gradle::{self, GradleModel, GradleTask, ReportedProject, parse_reported_projects};
 use crate::maven::{self, MavenDependency, MavenModel, MavenPlugin};
 use crate::process::{self, Output};
 use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
 use specta::Type;
-use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, Mutex};
+use std::time::SystemTime;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -48,6 +50,11 @@ struct CachedMavenProject {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 struct MavenCache {
+    /// Bumped whenever what the cache holds stops matching what the model would be
+    /// built as now (plugin goals read from a descriptor, say): an older cache is
+    /// dropped instead of shadowing the model.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    version: u32,
     hash: String,
     at_ms: f64,
     error: Option<String>,
@@ -63,9 +70,16 @@ struct GradleCache {
     at_ms: f64,
     error: Option<String>,
     tasks: Vec<(String, GradleTask)>,
+    /// The projects as Gradle evaluated them; empty in caches from before they were read.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    projects: Vec<ReportedProject>,
 }
 
+/// Init script printing every project, its source sets and Java version once configured.
+const MODEL_INIT_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("gradle-model.gradle");
+
 const MAVEN_CACHE: &str = "maven.json";
+const MAVEN_CACHE_VERSION: u32 = 1;
 
 /// `dependency:tree` of a plugin version whose `-Dverbose` lists the occurrences Maven
 /// omitted (conflicts, duplicates): verbose output was dropped in 3.0 and is back since 3.2.
@@ -82,6 +96,24 @@ fn maven_sync_goals(effective: &Path, offline: bool) -> Vec<String> {
     ]
 }
 const GRADLE_CACHE: &str = "gradle.json";
+const MAVEN_PROFILES: &str = "maven-profiles.json";
+
+/// The Maven profiles (`-P` entries, `!id` deactivates) the project was last synced
+/// with: what the IDE resolves it with besides `mvn` (the Java language server, Build Project).
+pub fn maven_profiles(cache_dir: &Path) -> Vec<String> {
+    read_cache(cache_dir, MAVEN_PROFILES).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+/// Records the profiles of a sync for [`maven_profiles`]; `true` when they changed.
+pub fn save_maven_profiles(cache_dir: &Path, profiles: &[String]) -> IdeResult<bool> {
+    if maven_profiles(cache_dir) == profiles {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(cache_dir)?;
+    let json = serde_json::to_vec(profiles).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?;
+    std::fs::write(cache_dir.join(MAVEN_PROFILES), json)?;
+    Ok(true)
+}
 
 fn read_cache<T: DeserializeOwned>(dir: &Path, name: &str) -> Option<T> {
     serde_json::from_slice(&std::fs::read(dir.join(name)).ok()?).ok()
@@ -98,6 +130,20 @@ fn write_cache<T: Serialize>(dir: &Path, name: &str, value: &T) -> IdeResult<()>
 
 /// FNV-1a over the paths and contents of `files` (missing files count as empty).
 fn hash_files(files: &[PathBuf]) -> String {
+    hash_contents(files, |f| std::fs::read(f).unwrap_or_default())
+}
+
+/// Like IDEA's auto-import CRC: editing a comment or reformatting a build script
+/// does not make the last sync stale.
+fn hash_gradle_files(files: &[PathBuf]) -> String {
+    hash_contents(files, |f| {
+        let text = std::fs::read_to_string(f).unwrap_or_default();
+        let script = f.extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "gradle" || e == "kts");
+        if script { gradle::script_fingerprint(&text) } else { text }.into_bytes()
+    })
+}
+
+fn hash_contents(files: &[PathBuf], read: impl Fn(&Path) -> Vec<u8>) -> String {
     let mut h: u64 = 0xcbf29ce484222325;
     let mut feed = |bytes: &[u8]| {
         for b in bytes {
@@ -108,7 +154,7 @@ fn hash_files(files: &[PathBuf]) -> String {
     for f in files {
         feed(f.to_string_lossy().as_bytes());
         feed(&[0]);
-        feed(&std::fs::read(f).unwrap_or_default());
+        feed(&read(f));
         feed(&[0]);
     }
     format!("{h:016x}")
@@ -121,6 +167,19 @@ fn now_ms() -> f64 {
 /// Merges the cached effective build into `model`.
 pub fn apply_maven_cache(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path, model: &mut MavenModel) {
     let Some(cache) = read_cache::<MavenCache>(cache_dir, MAVEN_CACHE) else { return };
+    if cache.version != MAVEN_CACHE_VERSION {
+        return; // built by an older IDE: what it holds no longer matches the model
+    }
+    model.synced_at = Some(cache.at_ms);
+    model.sync_error = cache.error;
+    let changed = cache.hash != hash_files(&maven::build_files(root, model));
+    model.stale = !cache.verbose || changed;
+    // A cache older than the current build files: its effective-POM plugins and
+    // resolved dependencies would hide what the POMs declare now (a just added
+    // dependency never appears). The static parse stays until Reload.
+    if changed {
+        return;
+    }
     for p in &mut model.projects {
         if let Some(c) = cache.projects.iter().find(|c| c.key == p.key()) {
             if !c.plugins.is_empty() {
@@ -129,14 +188,35 @@ pub fn apply_maven_cache(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path, model: &mut MavenModel)
             p.dependencies = c.dependencies.clone();
         }
     }
-    model.synced_at = Some(cache.at_ms);
-    model.sync_error = cache.error;
-    model.stale = !cache.verbose || cache.hash != hash_files(&maven::build_files(root, model));
+}
+
+/// The projects of the last successful Gradle sync.
+/// Parsed once per change of the cache file (modification time and size): content and source
+/// roots are read on hot paths (every references search, Find in Files, repository scans).
+pub fn reported_gradle_projects(cache_dir: &Path) -> Arc<Vec<ReportedProject>> {
+    type Memo = HashMap<PathBuf, (Option<SystemTime>, u64, Arc<Vec<ReportedProject>>)>;
+    static MEMO: LazyLock<Mutex<Memo>> = LazyLock::new(Default::default);
+    let path = cache_dir.join(GRADLE_CACHE);
+    let Ok(meta) = std::fs::metadata(&path) else {
+        MEMO.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).remove(&path);
+        return Arc::default();
+    };
+    let stamp = (meta.modified().ok(), meta.len());
+    let mut memo = MEMO.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+    if let Some((modified, len, projects)) = memo.get(&path)
+        && (*modified, *len) == stamp
+    {
+        return projects.clone();
+    }
+    let projects = Arc::new(read_cache::<GradleCache>(cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE).map(|c| c.projects).unwrap_or_default());
+    memo.insert(path, (stamp.0, stamp.1, projects.clone()));
+    projects
 }
 
 /// Merges the cached task list into `model`.
 pub fn apply_gradle_cache(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path, model: &mut GradleModel) {
     let Some(cache) = read_cache::<GradleCache>(cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE) else { return };
+    gradle::merge_reported_projects(root, model, &cache.projects);
     if !cache.tasks.is_empty() {
         for p in &mut model.projects {
             let tasks: Vec<GradleTask> =
@@ -146,9 +226,11 @@ pub fn apply_gradle_cache(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path, model: &mut GradleModel
             }
         }
     }
+    // A successful sync from before projects were cached has not seen computed includes.
+    let without_projects = cache.error.is_none() && cache.projects.is_empty();
     model.synced_at = Some(cache.at_ms);
     model.sync_error = cache.error;
-    model.stale = cache.hash != hash_files(&gradle::build_files(root, model));
+    model.stale = without_projects || cache.hash != hash_gradle_files(&gradle::build_files(root, model));
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------- processes
@@ -201,11 +283,34 @@ pub fn sync_maven(
     cancel: &CancellationToken,
     progress: &dyn Fn(SyncProgress),
 ) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let mut model = maven::load(root);
+    let mut model = maven::load_with_profiles(root, &options.profiles);
     maven::UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&model, &options.maven_settings).filter(&mut model);
     std::fs::create_dir_all(cache_dir)?;
-    let mut cache =
-        MavenCache { hash: hash_files(&maven::build_files(root, &model)), verbose: true, ..MavenCache::default() };
+    let mut cache = MavenCache {
+        version: MAVEN_CACHE_VERSION,
+        hash: hash_files(&maven::build_files(root, &model)),
+        verbose: true,
+        ..MavenCache::default()
+    };
+    // Where the build resolves its jars, and therefore where the plugin goals are read
+    // from: `-Dmaven.repo.local=` first, then `<localRepository>` of the `-s` settings,
+    // then the user's default repository (which `plugin()` resolves itself).
+    let local_repo: Option<PathBuf> =
+        options.maven_options.iter().find_map(|a| a.strip_prefix("-Dmaven.repo.local=")).map(PathBuf::from).or_else(
+            || {
+                let mut args = options.maven_options.iter();
+                while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+                    let path = match arg.as_str() {
+                        "-s" | "--settings" => args.next().map(String::as_str),
+                        _ => arg.strip_prefix("-s=").or_else(|| arg.strip_prefix("--settings=")),
+                    };
+                    if let Some(path) = path {
+                        return maven::local_repository_of(Path::new(path));
+                    }
+                }
+                None
+            },
+        );
     let mut errors: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
     for (n, top) in model.projects.iter().filter(|p| !p.aggregated).enumerate() {
         let effective = cache_dir.join(format!("effective-pom-{n}.xml"));
@@ -234,8 +339,9 @@ pub fn sync_maven(
                 });
             }
         })?;
-        let effective_projects =
-            std::fs::read_to_string(&effective).map(|t| maven::parse_effective_pom(&t)).unwrap_or_default();
+        let effective_projects = std::fs::read_to_string(&effective)
+            .map(|t| maven::parse_effective_pom_in(&t, local_repo.as_deref()))
+            .unwrap_or_default();
         let trees = maven::parse_dependency_tree(&out.text);
         for (key, plugins, deps) in effective_projects {
             let dependencies = trees.iter().find(|(k, _)| *k == key).map(|(_, t)| t.clone()).unwrap_or(deps);
@@ -264,8 +370,18 @@ pub fn sync_gradle(
     cancel: &CancellationToken,
     progress: &dyn Fn(SyncProgress),
 ) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
-    let mut args: Vec<String> = vec!["--console=plain".into(), "-q".into(), "tasks".into(), "--all".into()];
+    let mut model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(cache_dir)?;
+    let init_script = cache_dir.join("openidea-model.gradle");
+    std::fs::write(&init_script, MODEL_INIT_SCRIPT)?;
+    let mut args: Vec<String> = vec![
+        "--console=plain".into(),
+        "-q".into(),
+        "--init-script".into(),
+        init_script.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+        "tasks".into(),
+        "--all".into(),
+    ];
     if options.offline {
         args.push("--offline".into());
     }
@@ -278,11 +394,15 @@ pub fn sync_gradle(
         cancel,
         |_| {},
     )?;
+    let projects = if out.success { parse_reported_projects(&out.text) } else { Vec::new() };
+    // Hash the build files of the reported projects, or the model is stale right after the sync.
+    gradle::merge_reported_projects(root, &mut model, &projects);
     let cache = GradleCache {
-        hash: hash_files(&gradle::build_files(root, &model)),
+        hash: hash_gradle_files(&gradle::build_files(root, &model)),
         at_ms: now_ms(),
         error: (!out.success).then(|| error_summary(&out.text)),
         tasks: if out.success { gradle::parse_tasks(&out.text) } else { Vec::new() },
+        projects,
     };
     write_cache(cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE, &cache)
 }
@@ -325,6 +445,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut model = maven::load_with_repo(&root, None);
         assert!(model.synced_at.is_none());
         let cache = MavenCache {
+            version: MAVEN_CACHE_VERSION,
             hash: hash_files(&maven::build_files(&root, &model)),
             at_ms: 5.0,
             error: None,
@@ -336,6 +457,7 @@ mod tests {
                     "maven-clean-plugin",
                     Some("3.2.0".into()),
                     &[],
+                    None,
                 )],
                 dependencies: vec![MavenDependency { artifact_id: "dep".into(), ..MavenDependency::default() }],
             }],
@@ -349,12 +471,138 @@ mod tests {
 
         std::fs::write(
             root.join("pom.xml"),
-            "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>a</artifactId><version>2</version></project>",
+            "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>a</artifactId><version>2</version>\
+             <dependencies><dependency><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>fresh</artifactId><version>1</version></dependency></dependencies>\
+             </project>",
         )
         .unwrap();
         let mut model = maven::load_with_repo(&root, None);
         apply_maven_cache(&root, &cache_dir, &mut model);
         assert!(model.stale);
+        // The POM changed: the stale effective dependencies must not hide the new one (#249).
+        assert_eq!(model.projects[0].dependencies[0].artifact_id, "fresh");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_cache_from_an_older_ide_is_ignored() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path().join("p");
+        let cache_dir = tmp.path().join("cache");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&root).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(root.join("pom.xml"), "<project><groupId>g</groupId><artifactId>a</artifactId></project>")
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut model = maven::load_with_repo(&root, None);
+        let cache = MavenCache {
+            // What an older build wrote: no plugin descriptors were read back then, so
+            // its goal lists would shadow the ones the model now knows.
+            version: 0,
+            hash: hash_files(&maven::build_files(&root, &model)),
+            at_ms: 5.0,
+            error: None,
+            verbose: true,
+            projects: vec![CachedMavenProject {
+                key: "g:a".into(),
+                plugins: vec![maven::plugin(
+                    "org.apache.maven.plugins",
+                    "maven-clean-plugin",
+                    Some("3.2.0".into()),
+                    &[],
+                    None,
+                )],
+                dependencies: vec![MavenDependency { artifact_id: "cached".into(), ..MavenDependency::default() }],
+            }],
+        };
+        write_cache(&cache_dir, MAVEN_CACHE, &cache).unwrap();
+        apply_maven_cache(&root, &cache_dir, &mut model);
+        assert!(model.synced_at.is_none(), "the cache is dropped, the model stays unsynced");
+        assert!(model.projects[0].dependencies.iter().all(|d| d.artifact_id != "cached"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradle_reported_projects_replace_static_ones() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let ws = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
+        let root = ws.join("app");
+        let billing = ws.join("billing");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(root.join("shared")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(billing.join("modules/core")).unwrap();
+        // Computed includes: nothing a static reading can see.
+        std::fs::write(root.join("settings.gradle"), "rootProject.name = 'Shop'\n['billing'].each { includeFlat it }")
+            .unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(billing.join("modules/core/build.gradle"), "apply plugin: 'java'").unwrap();
+        // Built with serde: a Windows path holds backslashes, which raw JSON text would leave unescaped.
+        let line = |p: ReportedProject| format!("@openidea-model\t{}\n", serde_json::to_string(&p).unwrap());
+        let (r, b) = (root.display().to_string(), billing.display().to_string());
+        let core_src = |p: &str| format!("{b}/modules/core/src/{p}");
+        let set = |name: &str, test: bool, src: &[&str], res: &[&str]| gradle::ReportedSourceSet {
+            name: name.into(),
+            test,
+            src: src.iter().map(|p| core_src(p)).collect(),
+            res: res.iter().map(|p| core_src(p)).collect(),
+        };
+        // A settings script's own println comes first; task listing lines follow.
+        let out = format!(
+            "configuring billing\n{}{}{}@openidea-model\t{{broken\n\nOther tasks\n-----------\nbilling:core:jar\n",
+            line(ReportedProject { path: ":".into(), dir: r.clone(), ..ReportedProject::default() }),
+            line(ReportedProject {
+                path: ":billing".into(),
+                dir: b.clone(),
+                java: Some(17),
+                ..ReportedProject::default()
+            }),
+            line(ReportedProject {
+                path: ":billing:core".into(),
+                dir: format!("{b}/modules/core"),
+                java: Some(21),
+                source_sets: vec![
+                    set("main", false, &["main/java"], &["main/resources"]),
+                    set("test", true, &["main/java", "test/java"], &[]),
+                ],
+                ..ReportedProject::default()
+            }),
+        );
+        let projects = parse_reported_projects(&out);
+        assert_eq!(projects.len(), 3, "the malformed line is skipped");
+        let src = |p: &str| PathBuf::from(core_src(p));
+        assert_eq!(
+            gradle::reported_source_roots(&projects),
+            [
+                (src("main/java"), gradle::ReportedRoot::Source),
+                (src("main/resources"), gradle::ReportedRoot::Resources),
+                (src("test/java"), gradle::ReportedRoot::Test),
+            ]
+        );
+        let mut model = gradle::load(&root).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(model.projects.len(), 1);
+        gradle::merge_reported_projects(&root, &mut model, &projects);
+        let paths: Vec<_> = model.projects.iter().map(|p| (p.path.as_str(), p.name.as_str())).collect();
+        assert_eq!(paths, [(":", "Shop"), (":billing", "billing"), (":billing:core", "core")]);
+        assert_eq!(model.projects[0].dir, "");
+        assert!(root.join(model.projects[2].build_file.as_ref().unwrap()).is_file());
+        assert_eq!(
+            gradle::external_roots(&root, model.projects.iter().map(|p| p.dir.as_str())),
+            std::slice::from_ref(&billing)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(model.java_version, Some(21), "the newest version any module needs");
+        assert_eq!(
+            gradle::parse_tasks(&out),
+            [(":billing:core".into(), GradleTask { name: "jar".into(), group: "other".into(), description: None })]
+        );
+
+        // The cached projects are parsed once per change of the cache file.
+        let cache_dir = ws.join("cache");
+        let write = |projects: &[ReportedProject]| {
+            let cache = GradleCache { projects: projects.to_vec(), ..GradleCache::default() };
+            write_cache(&cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE, &cache).unwrap();
+        };
+        write(&projects);
+        let first = reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir);
+        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&first, &reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir)), "unchanged: not parsed again");
+        assert_eq!(crate::gradle_external_roots(&root, &cache_dir), [billing]);
+        write(&projects[..1]);
+        assert_eq!(reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir).len(), 1, "a new sync is read");
+        std::fs::remove_file(cache_dir.join(GRADLE_CACHE)).unwrap();
+        assert!(reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir).is_empty());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -367,16 +615,39 @@ mod tests {
         std::fs::write(root.join("app/build.gradle"), "apply plugin: 'java'").unwrap();
         let mut model = gradle::load(&root).unwrap();
         let cache = GradleCache {
-            hash: hash_files(&gradle::build_files(&root, &model)),
+            hash: hash_gradle_files(&gradle::build_files(&root, &model)),
             at_ms: 1.0,
             error: None,
             tasks: vec![(":app".into(), GradleTask { name: "hello".into(), group: "demo".into(), description: None })],
+            projects: [":", ":app"]
+                .iter()
+                .zip([root.clone(), root.join("app")])
+                .map(|(path, dir)| ReportedProject {
+                    path: (*path).into(),
+                    dir: dir.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                })
+                .collect(),
         };
         write_cache(&cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE, &cache).unwrap();
         apply_gradle_cache(&root, &cache_dir, &mut model);
         assert_eq!(model.projects[1].tasks.len(), 1);
         assert!(model.projects[0].tasks.iter().any(|t| t.name == "wrapper"), "root keeps its defaults");
         assert!(!model.stale);
+
+        let stale_after = |script: &str| {
+            std::fs::write(root.join("app/build.gradle"), script).unwrap();
+            let mut m = gradle::load(&root).unwrap();
+            apply_gradle_cache(&root, &cache_dir, &mut m);
+            m.stale
+        };
+        assert!(!stale_after("// a note\napply   plugin: 'java'\n"), "comments and spacing don't count");
+        assert!(stale_after("apply plugin: 'groovy'"));
+        std::fs::write(root.join("app/build.gradle"), "apply plugin: 'java'").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(root.join("gradle.properties"), "org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2g").unwrap();
+        let mut m = gradle::load(&root).unwrap();
+        apply_gradle_cache(&root, &cache_dir, &mut m);
+        assert!(m.stale, "gradle.properties is watched");
     }
 
     #[test]

crates/ide-build/src/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+//! WAR modules and build-tool-owned archive resolution (including custom output names).
+use crate::BuildModel;
+use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use specta::Type;
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fs, path::Path};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct WebArtifact {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub module: String,
+    pub tool: String,
+}
+
+pub fn artifacts(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel) -> Vec<WebArtifact> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    if let Some(maven) = &model.maven {
+        for p in maven.projects.iter().filter(|p| p.packaging == "war") {
+            out.push(WebArtifact {
+                id: format!("maven:{}", p.pom),
+                name: p.artifact_id.clone(),
+                module: p.dir.clone(),
+                tool: "maven".into(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(gradle) = &model.gradle {
+        for p in &gradle.projects {
+            let script = p.build_file.as_ref().and_then(|f| fs::read_to_string(root.join(f)).ok()).unwrap_or_default();
+            if p.tasks.iter().any(|t| t.name == "war") || crate::gradle::has_war_plugin(&script) {
+                out.push(WebArtifact {
+                    id: format!("gradle:{}", p.path),
+                    name: p.name.clone(),
+                    module: p.dir.clone(),
+                    tool: "gradle".into(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+pub struct WebBuild {
+    pub command: String,
+    pub args: Vec<String>,
+    pub cwd: String,
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    maven_project: Option<(Vec<String>, std::path::PathBuf)>,
+}
+
+impl WebBuild {
+    /// Resolve the selected module's effective identity using the build's options and environment.
+    /// Runs off the UI thread, before launching the reactor build.
+    pub fn resolve_project(
+        &mut self,
+        root: &Path,
+        env: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+        cancel: &CancellationToken,
+    ) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let Some((args, output)) = &self.maven_project else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if output.exists() {
+            fs::remove_file(output)?;
+        }
+        let cwd = root.join(&self.cwd).canonicalize()?;
+        let mut env = env.clone();
+        if !env.iter().any(|(k, v)| k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("MAVEN_BASEDIR") && !v.is_empty()) {
+            // -f changes Maven's .mvn search origin; keep the reactor's launcher settings.
+            let base = cwd.ancestors().find(|p| p.join(".mvn").is_dir()).unwrap_or(&cwd);
+            env.retain(|k, _| !k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("MAVEN_BASEDIR"));
+            env.insert("MAVEN_BASEDIR".into(), base.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+        }
+        let result = crate::process::run_with_env(&self.command, args, &cwd, &env, true, cancel, |_, _| {})?;
+        if !result.success {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("Cannot resolve Maven WAR artifact: {}", result.text.trim())));
+        }
+        let id = fs::read_to_string(output)?;
+        let parts: Vec<_> = id.trim().split(':').collect();
+        if parts.len() != 4 || parts[2] != "war" || parts.iter().any(|s| s.is_empty()) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("Cannot resolve Maven WAR artifact: {}", id.trim())));
+        }
+        let project = format!("{}:{}:{}", parts[0], parts[1], parts[3]);
+        self.args.push(format!("-Dexpression=session.projectMap({project}).artifact.file"));
+        self.maven_project = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn groovy_literal(s: &str) -> String {
+    format!("'{}'", s.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('\'', "\\'"))
+}
+
+pub fn build(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, id: &str, cache: &Path) -> IdeResult<WebBuild> {
+    fs::create_dir_all(cache)?;
+    let manifest = cache.join("artifact-path.txt");
+    // A failed build must never silently reuse an older archive manifest.
+    if manifest.exists() {
+        fs::remove_file(&manifest)?;
+    }
+    fs::write(cache.join("artifact-id.txt"), id)?;
+    if let Some(pom) = id.strip_prefix("maven:") {
+        let p = model
+            .maven
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|m| m.projects.iter().find(|p| p.pom == pom && p.packaging == "war"))
+            .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Choose a Maven WAR module"))?;
+        let projects = &model.maven.as_ref().unwrap().projects;
+        let top = projects
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|t| {
+                !t.aggregated && (t.dir.is_empty() || p.dir == t.dir || p.dir.starts_with(&format!("{}/", t.dir)))
+            })
+            .max_by_key(|t| t.dir.len())
+            .unwrap_or(p);
+        let mut args = top.options.clone();
+        if top.pom != p.pom {
+            let module = root
+                .join(&p.dir)
+                .strip_prefix(root.join(&top.dir))
+                .map_err(|e| IdeError::invalid(e.to_string()))?
+                .to_string_lossy()
+                .replace('\\', "/");
+            args.extend(["-pl".into(), module, "-am".into()]);
+        }
+        // help:evaluate runs once, in the reactor's first project. Query the selected
+        // POM's effective identity first; profiles and -D options can change its GAV.
+        let output = cache.join("artifact-project.txt");
+        let mut probe = top.options.clone();
+        probe.extend([
+            "-f".into(),
+            root.join(&p.pom).to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+            "help:evaluate".into(),
+            "-Dexpression=project.id".into(),
+            format!("-Doutput={}", output.display()),
+        ]);
+        args.extend([
+            "-DskipTests".into(),
+            "package".into(),
+            "help:evaluate".into(),
+            format!("-Doutput={}", manifest.display()),
+        ]);
+        return Ok(WebBuild {
+            command: top.command.clone(),
+            args,
+            cwd: top.dir.clone(),
+            env: p.env.clone(),
+            maven_project: Some((probe, output)),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(path) = id.strip_prefix("gradle:") {
+        let g = model.gradle.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Choose a Gradle WAR module"))?;
+        if !artifacts(root, model).iter().any(|a| a.id == id) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("Choose a Gradle WAR module"));
+        }
+        let script = cache.join("war.init.gradle");
+        fs::write(
+            &script,
+            format!(
+                r#"gradle.projectsEvaluated {{
+    def p = gradle.rootProject.project({})
+    def warTask = p.tasks.named('war')
+    p.tasks.register('openideaTomcatArtifact') {{
+        dependsOn warTask
+        doLast {{ new File({}).setText(warTask.get().archiveFile.get().asFile.absolutePath, 'UTF-8') }}
+    }}
+}}
+"#,
+                groovy_literal(path),
+                groovy_literal(&manifest.to_string_lossy())
+            ),
+        )?;
+        let task = format!("{}:openideaTomcatArtifact", path.trim_end_matches(':'));
+        return Ok(WebBuild {
+            command: g.command.clone(),
+            args: vec!["--init-script".into(), script.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), task],
+            cwd: g.dir.clone(),
+            env: g.env.clone(),
+            maven_project: None,
+        });
+    }
+    Err(IdeError::invalid("Choose a WAR artifact"))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn maven_war_modules_use_resolved_artifact_file() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        fs::write(tmp.path().join("pom.xml"), "<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>test</groupId><artifactId>web</artifactId><version>1</version><packaging>war</packaging><build><directory>custom</directory><finalName>renamed</finalName></build></project>").unwrap();
+        let model = crate::load(tmp.path(), &tmp.path().join("cache"), None);
+        let a = artifacts(tmp.path(), &model);
+        assert_eq!(a.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(a[0].name, "web");
+        let plan = build(tmp.path(), &model, &a[0].id, &tmp.path().join("base with spaces")).unwrap();
+        let (probe, _) = plan.maven_project.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert!(probe.contains(&"-Dexpression=project.id".into()));
+        assert!(probe.contains(&tmp.path().join("pom.xml").to_string_lossy().into_owned()));
+        assert!(
+            plan.args.iter().any(|a| a.ends_with("base with spaces/artifact-path.txt")
+                || a.ends_with("base with spaces\\artifact-path.txt"))
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn maven_module_build_includes_reactor_dependencies() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir_all(tmp.path().join("web")).unwrap();
+        fs::write(tmp.path().join("pom.xml"), "<project><groupId>test</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version><packaging>pom</packaging><modules><module>web</module></modules></project>").unwrap();
+        fs::write(tmp.path().join("web/pom.xml"), "<project><parent><groupId>test</groupId><artifactId>parent</artifactId><version>1</version></parent><artifactId>web</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging></project>").unwrap();
+        let model = crate::load(tmp.path(), &tmp.path().join("cache"), None);
+        let plan = build(tmp.path(), &model, "maven:web/pom.xml", &tmp.path().join("base")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(plan.cwd, "");
+        assert_eq!(&plan.args[..3], &["-pl", "web", "-am"]);
+        assert!(
+            plan.maven_project
+                .as_ref()
+                .unwrap()
+                .0
+                .contains(&tmp.path().join("web/pom.xml").to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn gradle_war_uses_archive_provider_and_ignores_comments() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        fs::write(
+            tmp.path().join("build.gradle.kts"),
+            "plugins { war }\ntasks.war { archiveFileName.set(\"custom.war\") }",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let model = crate::load(tmp.path(), &tmp.path().join("cache"), None);
+        let a = artifacts(tmp.path(), &model);
+        assert_eq!(a.len(), 1);
+        let plan = build(tmp.path(), &model, &a[0].id, &tmp.path().join("base")).unwrap();
+        assert!(plan.args.contains(&":openideaTomcatArtifact".into()));
+        assert!(fs::read_to_string(tmp.path().join("base/war.init.gradle")).unwrap().contains("archiveFile.get()"));
+        assert!(!crate::gradle::has_war_plugin("// plugins { war }"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradle_manifest_paths_preserve_windows_characters() {
+        for path in [r"C:\工作 区\Tomcat's cache\artifact-path.txt", r"\\server\share\artifact-path.txt"] {
+            let literal = groovy_literal(path);
+            assert_eq!(literal[1..literal.len() - 1].replace("\\'", "'").replace("\\\\", "\\"), path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradle_root_and_nested_modules_write_utf8_archive_paths() {
+        for module in [":", ":apps:timesheet"] {
+            let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+            let dir = if module == ":" { "" } else { "apps/timesheet" };
+            fs::create_dir_all(tmp.path().join(dir)).unwrap();
+            fs::write(tmp.path().join("settings.gradle"), "rootProject.name = 'timesheet'\ninclude 'apps:timesheet'")
+                .unwrap();
+            fs::write(tmp.path().join(dir).join("build.gradle"), "plugins { id 'war' }").unwrap();
+            let model = crate::load(tmp.path(), &tmp.path().join("cache"), None);
+            let cache = tmp.path().join("工作 cache");
+            let plan = build(tmp.path(), &model, &format!("gradle:{module}"), &cache).unwrap();
+            assert!(plan.args.contains(&format!("{}:openideaTomcatArtifact", module.trim_end_matches(':'))));
+            let script = fs::read_to_string(cache.join("war.init.gradle")).unwrap();
+            assert!(script.contains(&format!("rootProject.project('{}')", module)));
+            assert!(script.contains("archiveFile.get().asFile.absolutePath, 'UTF-8'"));
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ide-clipboard/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! The file list on the OS clipboard: what Explorer copies when the user
 //! copies files, so the project view can paste them, and what the project view
-//! writes so Explorer can paste the files it copied (IDEA does both).
+//! writes so Explorer can paste the files it copied (IDEA does both). The
+//! written list comes with the paths as text, so a paste into an editor
+//! inserts them instead of doing nothing.
 //!
 //! Windows keeps it as `CF_HDROP`: a `DROPFILES` header and a double-NUL
 //! terminated list of absolute paths, wide when `fWide` is set. The data is set
@@ -10,6 +12,9 @@
 //! macOS keeps one `public.file-url` item per file on the general
 //! `NSPasteboard`; `NSURL` reads and writes them, so Finder's copies paste here
 //! and ours paste in Finder.
+//! On macOS, [`files`], [`has_files`] and [`set_files`] must run on the main
+//! thread: AppKit and WebKit also access the general pasteboard there, and its
+//! mutable type cache cannot be protected by a mutex in this crate.
 //!
 //! Other platforms (`text/uri-list` on X11) are not wired up: [`files`] is
 //! empty and [`set_files`] fails there.
@@ -20,7 +25,8 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 const HEADER: usize = 20;
 
 /// The absolute paths on the clipboard, empty when it holds no file list.
-pub fn files() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+/// Read failures remain errors so callers can retain an internal copy.
+pub fn files() -> std::io::Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
     imp::files()
 }
 
@@ -29,9 +35,8 @@ pub fn has_files() -> bool {
     imp::has_files()
 }
 
-/// Replaces the clipboard with `paths`. False when it is busy or holds nothing
-/// to write; the clipboard is a shared resource, so callers treat this as
-/// best-effort.
+/// Replaces the clipboard with `paths`. True only when the file list was
+/// accepted; writing just the accompanying text is not a successful hand-off.
 pub fn set_files(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> bool {
     if paths.is_empty() {
         return false;
@@ -111,6 +116,8 @@ mod imp {
 
     /// `CF_HDROP`, the clipboard format holding a file list.
     const CF_HDROP: u32 = 15;
+    /// `CF_UNICODETEXT`, so an editor paste of copied files inserts the paths.
+    const CF_UNICODETEXT: u32 = 13;
 
     /// An `HGLOBAL` or a `HANDLE`: both are opaque pointers here.
     type Handle = *mut c_void;
@@ -156,25 +163,29 @@ mod imp {
         (unsafe { IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_HDROP) }) != 0
     }
 
-    pub fn files() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-        if !has_files() || !open() {
-            return Vec::new();
+    pub fn files() -> std::io::Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
+        if !open() {
+            return Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error());
+        }
+        if !has_files() {
+            unsafe { CloseClipboard() };
+            return Ok(Vec::new());
         }
         let memory = unsafe { GetClipboardData(CF_HDROP) };
         let paths = if memory.is_null() {
-            Vec::new()
+            Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error())
         } else {
             // SAFETY: the clipboard keeps the block alive while it is open, and
             // `GlobalSize` bounds the bytes read from it.
             unsafe {
                 let data = GlobalLock(memory);
                 if data.is_null() {
-                    Vec::new()
+                    Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error())
                 } else {
                     let bytes = std::slice::from_raw_parts(data as *const u8, GlobalSize(memory));
                     let paths = decode(bytes);
                     GlobalUnlock(memory);
-                    paths
+                    Ok(paths)
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -182,12 +193,37 @@ mod imp {
         paths
     }
 
+    /// An `HGLOBAL` holding `text` as UTF-16 with a terminating NUL, and its
+    /// byte size. Null when the allocation failed.
+    fn global_text(text: &str) -> (Handle, usize) {
+        let mut units: Vec<u16> = text.encode_utf16().collect();
+        units.push(0);
+        let bytes = units.len() * 2;
+        unsafe {
+            let memory = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, bytes);
+            if memory.is_null() {
+                return (ptr::null_mut(), 0);
+            }
+            let data = GlobalLock(memory);
+            if data.is_null() {
+                GlobalFree(memory);
+                return (ptr::null_mut(), 0);
+            }
+            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(units.as_ptr() as *const u8, data as *mut u8, bytes);
+            GlobalUnlock(memory);
+            (memory, bytes)
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_files(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> bool {
         let bytes = encode(paths);
         if bytes.len() <= HEADER {
             return false;
         }
-        // SAFETY: the block is allocated, filled, handed to the clipboard and
+        // The paths as text, newline-separated, so pasting into an editor
+        // inserts them (IDEA writes the list and the text together).
+        let text = paths.iter().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\r\n");
+        // SAFETY: the blocks are allocated, filled, handed to the clipboard and
         // freed only on the paths where the clipboard did not take ownership.
         unsafe {
             let memory = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, bytes.len());
@@ -205,17 +241,26 @@ mod imp {
                 GlobalFree(memory);
                 return false;
             }
-            // Replacing the list also drops the text the user copied before.
+            // Replacing the list also drops the text the user copied before;
+            // the paths' own text is set back with it.
             if EmptyClipboard() == 0 {
                 CloseClipboard();
                 GlobalFree(memory);
                 return false;
             }
             let taken = !SetClipboardData(CF_HDROP, memory).is_null();
-            CloseClipboard();
             if !taken {
                 GlobalFree(memory);
             }
+            let (text_memory, _) = global_text(&text);
+            if !text_memory.is_null() {
+                // The text alone still pastes somewhere useful.
+                let text_taken = !SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, text_memory).is_null();
+                if !text_taken {
+                    GlobalFree(text_memory);
+                }
+            }
+            CloseClipboard();
             taken
         }
     }
@@ -223,13 +268,14 @@ mod imp {
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod imp {
-    use objc2::ClassType;
     use objc2::rc::{Retained, autoreleasepool};
     use objc2::runtime::{AnyClass, AnyObject, ProtocolObject};
+    use objc2::{ClassType, MainThreadMarker};
     use objc2_app_kit::{
-        NSPasteboard, NSPasteboardReadingOptionKey, NSPasteboardURLReadingFileURLsOnlyKey, NSPasteboardWriting,
+        NSPasteboard, NSPasteboardReadingOptionKey, NSPasteboardTypeString, NSPasteboardURLReadingFileURLsOnlyKey,
+        NSPasteboardWriting,
     };
-    use objc2_foundation::{NSArray, NSDictionary, NSNumber, NSURL};
+    use objc2_foundation::{NSArray, NSDictionary, NSNumber, NSString, NSURL};
     use std::path::PathBuf;
 
     /// `NSURL` as the one class to read, limited to file URLs: a web link the
@@ -237,6 +283,7 @@ mod imp {
     fn read_file_urls<R>(
         f: impl FnOnce(&NSPasteboard, &NSArray<AnyClass>, &NSDictionary<NSPasteboardReadingOptionKey, AnyObject>) -> R,
     ) -> R {
+        debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some(), "NSPasteboard access requires the main thread");
         autoreleasepool(|_| {
             let board = NSPasteboard::generalPasteboard();
             let classes = NSArray::from_slice(&[NSURL::class()]);
@@ -256,23 +303,28 @@ mod imp {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn files() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    pub fn files() -> std::io::Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
         read_file_urls(|board, classes, options| {
             // SAFETY: as in `has_files`; every object read for `NSURL` is one.
             let Some(objects) = (unsafe { board.readObjectsForClasses_options(classes, Some(options)) }) else {
-                return Vec::new();
+                return if unsafe { board.canReadObjectForClasses_options(classes, Some(options)) } {
+                    Err(std::io::Error::other("Cannot read clipboard files"))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Vec::new())
+                };
             };
-            objects
+            Ok(objects
                 .iter()
                 .filter_map(|object| object.downcast::<NSURL>().ok())
                 .filter_map(|url| url.to_file_path())
                 // Finder ends a folder's URL in `/`; the project view names it without.
                 .map(|path| path.components().collect())
-                .collect()
+                .collect())
         })
     }
 
     pub fn set_files(paths: &[PathBuf]) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!(MainThreadMarker::new().is_some(), "NSPasteboard access requires the main thread");
         autoreleasepool(|_| {
             // Folders get a directory URL (ending in `/`), as Finder writes them.
             let urls: Vec<Retained<NSURL>> = paths
@@ -285,9 +337,16 @@ mod imp {
             let writers: Vec<&ProtocolObject<dyn NSPasteboardWriting>> =
                 urls.iter().map(|url| ProtocolObject::from_ref(&**url)).collect();
             let board = NSPasteboard::generalPasteboard();
-            // Replacing the list also drops the text the user copied before.
+            // Replacing the list also drops the text the user copied before;
+            // the paths' own text is set back with it, so an editor paste
+            // inserts them (IDEA writes the list and the text together).
             board.clearContents();
-            board.writeObjects(&NSArray::from_slice(&writers))
+            let written = board.writeObjects(&NSArray::from_slice(&writers));
+            let text = NSString::from_str(
+                &paths.iter().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n"),
+            );
+            board.setString_forType(&text, unsafe { NSPasteboardTypeString });
+            written
         })
     }
 }
@@ -300,8 +359,8 @@ mod imp {
         false
     }
 
-    pub fn files() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-        Vec::new()
+    pub fn files() -> std::io::Result<Vec<PathBuf>> {
+        Ok(Vec::new())
     }
 
     pub fn set_files(_paths: &[PathBuf]) -> bool {

crates/ide-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,5 +18,8 @@ tokio-util.workspace = true
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile.workspace = true
 
+[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
+libc = "0.2"
+
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
-windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = ["Win32_Globalization"] }
+windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = ["Win32_Globalization", "Win32_Security", "Win32_System_Registry", "Win32_Foundation"] }

crates/ide-core/src/editor_settings.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 pub struct EditorGeneralSettings {
     /// Change font size with ⌘ + mouse wheel.
     pub wheel_zoom: bool,
+    pub markdown_image_folder: String,
+    pub markdown_image_name_pattern: String,
     /// Drag-and-drop of selected text inside the editor.
     pub drag_and_drop: bool,
     /// When the caret moves out of view: `minimize` scrolling | `center` the caret line.
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@ impl Default for EditorGeneralSettings {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             wheel_zoom: false,
+            markdown_image_folder: "assets".into(),
+            markdown_image_name_pattern: "image-{timestamp}".into(),
             drag_and_drop: true,
             caret_scroll: "minimize".into(),
             soft_wrap_files: "*.md; *.txt; *.rst; *.adoc".into(),
@@ -367,6 +371,12 @@ pub struct TextAttributesOverride {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct LanguageCodeStyle {
+    /// Java formatter: `default` | `intellij` | `custom` (other languages ignore it).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub formatter: Option<String>,
+    /// Eclipse formatter XML; relative paths start at the project root.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub formatter_path: Option<String>,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub use_tab: Option<bool>,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -434,6 +444,8 @@ pub struct EncodingSettings {
     pub project: String,
     /// Fallback for `.properties` files.
     pub properties: String,
+    /// Display properties Unicode escapes as characters and save non-ASCII as escapes.
+    pub native_to_ascii: bool,
     /// Create UTF-8 files: `never` (no BOM) | `always` (with BOM) | `windows` (with BOM on Windows).
     pub utf8_bom: String,
 }
@@ -444,6 +456,7 @@ impl Default for EncodingSettings {
             global: "utf-8".into(),
             project: "utf-8".into(),
             properties: "iso-8859-1".into(),
+            native_to_ascii: false,
             utf8_bom: "never".into(),
         }
     }

crates/ide-core/src/error.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ pub type IdeResult<T> = Result<T, IdeError>;
 pub struct IdeError {
     pub kind: ErrorKind,
     pub message: String,
+    /// Structured detail for errors the UI acts on; `null` for plain errors.
+    #[specta(optional)]
+    pub data: Option<ErrorData>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum ErrorData {
+    Tool { tool: String, missing: bool },
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -24,6 +33,7 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     /// Document version mismatch; the UI must resync the full text.
     OutOfSync,
     Cancelled,
+    TimedOut,
     /// A required external tool (language server, git, debugger) is unavailable.
     Unavailable,
     Io,
@@ -33,7 +43,21 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
 
 impl IdeError {
     pub fn new(kind: ErrorKind, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        Self { kind, message: message.into() }
+        Self { kind, message: message.into(), data: None }
+    }
+    pub fn with_tool(mut self, tool: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        if self.data.is_none() {
+            self.data = Some(ErrorData::Tool { tool: tool.into(), missing: false });
+        }
+        self
+    }
+    pub fn missing_tool(tool: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        let tool = tool.into();
+        Self {
+            kind: ErrorKind::NotFound,
+            message: format!("{tool} is not installed"),
+            data: Some(ErrorData::Tool { tool, missing: true }),
+        }
     }
     pub fn not_found(m: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         Self::new(ErrorKind::NotFound, m)
@@ -65,3 +89,30 @@ impl From<std::io::Error> for IdeError {
         Self::new(kind, e.to_string())
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tool_errors_round_trip_without_changing_diagnostics() {
+        let message = "[error] file.css: Unexpected token\n  1 | }\n";
+        let error = IdeError::invalid(message).with_tool("prettier");
+        let decoded: IdeError = serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(&error).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decoded.message, message);
+        assert_eq!(decoded.data, Some(ErrorData::Tool { tool: "prettier".into(), missing: false }));
+        let missing = IdeError::missing_tool("prettier").with_tool("prettier");
+        assert_eq!(missing.kind, ErrorKind::NotFound);
+        assert_eq!(missing.data, Some(ErrorData::Tool { tool: "prettier".into(), missing: true }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_errors_need_no_data() {
+        let error: IdeError = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"kind":"unavailable","message":"no server"}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(error.data.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(
+            serde_json::to_value(error).unwrap(),
+            serde_json::json!({"kind":"unavailable","message":"no server","data":null})
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/event.rs

@@ -13,12 +13,22 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase", rename_all_fields = "camelCase")]
 pub enum IdeEvent {
+    /// Project window membership or selection changed.
+    WindowGroupsChanged,
+    ProjectTrustChanged {
+        root: crate::IpcPath,
+        trusted: bool,
+    },
     /// Files or directories changed on disk (after debouncing, ignore rules applied).
     FsChanged {
         created: Vec<crate::IpcPath>,
         modified: Vec<crate::IpcPath>,
         removed: Vec<crate::IpcPath>,
     },
+    /// Excluded or ignored folders whose contents changed; they stay out of `FsChanged`.
+    ExcludedDirsChanged {
+        dirs: Vec<crate::IpcPath>,
+    },
     /// The backend changed a document (reload from disk, formatting, refactoring).
     /// The UI applies `changes` on top of `base_version`, yielding `version`.
     DocPatched {
@@ -26,12 +36,21 @@ pub enum IdeEvent {
         base_version: u32,
         version: u32,
         changes: Vec<TextChange>,
+        /// Part of a grouped transaction; the editor must not record a file-local undo.
+        #[serde(default)]
+        #[specta(optional)]
+        workspace_edit: bool,
     },
     /// A document's dirty flag changed (saved / modified externally).
     DocDirty {
         doc: DocId,
         dirty: bool,
     },
+    /// A complete workspace edit can be undone as one operation.
+    WorkspaceEditApplied {
+        id: u32,
+        paths: Vec<crate::IpcPath>,
+    },
     /// An open document's language changed (Settings › File Types, Override File
     /// Type), or its UI mode (a framework's root marker appeared or went).
     DocLanguage {
@@ -72,6 +91,12 @@ pub enum IdeEvent {
         status: ServerStatus,
         message: Option<String>,
     },
+    /// A running server lacks a capability; the UI offers the managed tool as a replacement.
+    LanguageServerWarning {
+        name: String,
+        message: String,
+        install_tool: String,
+    },
     /// A stopped language server left the project's list (disabled in settings, or a
     /// fallback that a preferred server took over from again).
     LanguageServerRemoved {

crates/ide-core/src/java_runtime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//! Capabilities needed by the JVM hosting Java language-server bundles.
+
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// jdtls' javac bundle, java-debug / hot code replace, and Lombok / Gradle tooling.
+const BUNDLE_MODULES: &[&str] = &["jdk.compiler", "jdk.jdi", "jdk.unsupported"];
+
+/// Require a full JDK, including the modules used by jdtls and its bundles.
+/// Temurin JREs can list the build JDK's modules in `release` even when the runtime
+/// image omits them, so module metadata alone does not establish suitability.
+pub fn supports_java_bundles(home: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Ok(release) = std::fs::read_to_string(home.join("release")) else { return false };
+    let property =
+        |key: &str| release.lines().find_map(|line| line.trim().strip_prefix(key)).map(|v| v.trim().trim_matches('"'));
+    let javac = if cfg!(windows) { "javac.exe" } else { "javac" };
+    if property("IMAGE_TYPE=").is_some_and(|image| image.eq_ignore_ascii_case("jre"))
+        || !home.join("bin").join(javac).is_file()
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    match property("MODULES=") {
+        Some(modules) => BUNDLE_MODULES.iter().all(|required| modules.split_whitespace().any(|m| m == *required)),
+        None => BUNDLE_MODULES.iter().all(|m| home.join("jmods").join(format!("{m}.jmod")).is_file()),
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/lib.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ pub mod ids;
 pub mod ignored;
 pub mod inspection_settings;
 pub mod ipc_path;
+pub mod java_runtime;
 pub mod jsonc;
 pub mod output_encoding;
 pub mod process;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ pub mod remote_settings;
 pub mod settings;
 pub mod task;
 pub mod text;
+pub mod tool_path;
 pub mod version_managers;
 pub mod workflow_settings;
 

crates/ide-core/src/output_encoding.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@
 //!   they fork get them too (`spring-boot:run`, Surefire, `bootRun`, test workers).
 //!   Each JVM then reports "Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: …" on stderr (which a build tool
 //!   may copy to its stdout); that line is hidden again ([`NoticeFilter`]). `file.encoding` is left alone there: it would change
-//!   how a build reads sources that declare no encoding.
+//!   how a build reads sources that declare no encoding. The application JVMs a build
+//!   forks get `file.encoding=UTF-8` for a UTF-8 console instead, through the build's own
+//!   options: `-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments` for Maven `spring-boot:run`, an init script
+//!   ([`GRADLE_FILE_ENCODING_SCRIPT`]) for Gradle `JavaExec` tasks (`bootRun`, `run`).
 //! - Python: `PYTHONIOENCODING`.
 
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
@@ -75,16 +78,34 @@ fn encoding_for_code_page(cp: u32) -> Option<&'static encoding_rs::Encoding> {
 const STD_PROPERTIES: &[&str] = &["stdout.encoding", "stderr.encoding", "sun.stdout.encoding", "sun.stderr.encoding"];
 const FILE_ENCODING: &str = "file.encoding";
 const TOOL_OPTIONS: &str = "JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS";
+const SPRING_BOOT_JVM_ARGS: &str = "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments=";
 
 /// Build tools and launcher scripts that run on (and may fork) JVMs.
-const JVM_TOOLS: &[&str] =
-    &["mvn", "mvnw", "mvnd", "gradle", "gradlew", "sbt", "ant", "kotlin", "kotlinc", "groovy", "scala", "jbang"];
+const JVM_TOOLS: &[&str] = &["sbt", "ant", "kotlin", "kotlinc", "groovy", "scala", "jbang"];
+const MAVEN: &[&str] = &["mvn", "mvnw", "mvnd"];
+const GRADLE: &[&str] = &["gradle", "gradlew"];
+
+/// Gradle init script giving the `JavaExec` tasks (`bootRun`, `run`, custom ones) a UTF-8
+/// default charset before the build configures them, so the build can override it.
+/// Gradle's own JVM and the compiler's source encoding are untouched.
+pub const GRADLE_FILE_ENCODING_SCRIPT: &str = "\
+// Written by OpenIDEA: a UTF-8 default charset for applications run by Gradle, as the Run console decodes UTF-8.
+allprojects {
+    tasks.withType(JavaExec).configureEach {
+        defaultCharacterEncoding = 'UTF-8'
+    }
+}
+";
 
 /// What a launch needs: `-D` options to put first on a `java` command line,
 /// environment variables to set, and the notice line its JVMs print because of them.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct EncodingFix {
     pub java_args: Vec<String>,
+    /// The build tool's arguments, rewritten to pass options to the JVM it forks.
+    pub args: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Gradle: pass [`GRADLE_FILE_ENCODING_SCRIPT`] with `--init-script`.
+    pub gradle_init_script: bool,
     pub env: Vec<(String, String)>,
     /// "Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: …" for a variable set here alone, to drop from the output.
     pub notice: Option<String>,
@@ -116,6 +137,8 @@ fn options(properties: &[&str], encoding: &str) -> Vec<String> {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum Kind {
     Java,
+    Maven,
+    Gradle,
     JvmTool,
     Python,
     Other,
@@ -125,6 +148,10 @@ fn kind(program: &str) -> Kind {
     let name = program_name(program);
     if name == "java" || name == "javaw" {
         Kind::Java
+    } else if MAVEN.contains(&name.as_str()) {
+        Kind::Maven
+    } else if GRADLE.contains(&name.as_str()) {
+        Kind::Gradle
     } else if JVM_TOOLS.contains(&name.as_str()) {
         Kind::JvmTool
     } else if is_python(&name) {
@@ -193,7 +220,17 @@ fn fix_kind(
                 out.java_args.push(format!("-D{FILE_ENCODING}=UTF-8"));
             }
         }
-        (Kind::Java | Kind::JvmTool, _) => {
+        (Kind::Java | Kind::Maven | Kind::Gradle | Kind::JvmTool, _) => {
+            if let Some(args) = args
+                && is_utf8(encoding)
+                && !sets(&tool_options, &[FILE_ENCODING])
+            {
+                match kind {
+                    Kind::Maven => out.args = spring_boot_file_encoding(args),
+                    Kind::Gradle => out.gradle_init_script = true,
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
             if !sets(&tool_options, STD_PROPERTIES) {
                 let added = options(STD_PROPERTIES, encoding).join(" ");
                 let value = match tool_options.trim() {
@@ -214,14 +251,42 @@ fn fix_kind(
     out
 }
 
-/// `vmArgs` of a launch by java-debug, which decodes the JVM's output as `encoding`
-/// (its launch attribute, UTF-8 when unset) and sets `file.encoding` itself.
-pub fn java_debug_vm_args(vm_args: &str, encoding: Option<&str>, windows: bool) -> Option<String> {
-    let encoding = encoding.map(str::trim).filter(|e| !e.is_empty()).unwrap_or("UTF-8");
-    if (!windows && is_utf8(encoding)) || sets(vm_args, STD_PROPERTIES) {
+fn spring_boot_file_encoding(args: &[String]) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+    if !args.iter().any(|a| a == "spring-boot:run" || (a.contains(":spring-boot-maven-plugin:") && a.ends_with(":run")))
+    {
         return None;
     }
-    let added = options(STD_PROPERTIES, encoding).join(" ");
+    let option = format!("-D{FILE_ENCODING}=UTF-8");
+    let mut out = args.to_vec();
+    match out.iter_mut().rfind(|a| a.starts_with(SPRING_BOOT_JVM_ARGS)) {
+        Some(own) if sets(own, &[FILE_ENCODING]) => return None,
+        Some(own) => {
+            if own.len() > SPRING_BOOT_JVM_ARGS.len() {
+                own.push(' ');
+            }
+            own.push_str(&option);
+        }
+        None => out.push(format!("{SPRING_BOOT_JVM_ARGS}{option}")),
+    }
+    Some(out)
+}
+
+/// `vmArgs` of a launch by java-debug, which decodes the JVM's output as `encoding`
+/// (its launch attribute, UTF-8 when unset). java-debug sets `file.encoding` only
+/// when that attribute is nonblank; use the same defaults and user overrides as [`fix`].
+pub fn java_debug_vm_args(
+    vm_args: &str,
+    vars: &BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    inherited: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<String>,
+    encoding: Option<&str>,
+    windows: bool,
+) -> Option<String> {
+    let encoding = encoding.map(str::trim).filter(|e| !e.is_empty()).unwrap_or("UTF-8");
+    let added = fix_kind(Kind::Java, Some(&[vm_args.to_owned()]), vars, inherited, encoding, windows).java_args;
+    if added.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let added = added.join(" ");
     Some(match vm_args.trim() {
         "" => added,
         own => format!("{own} {added}"),
@@ -427,6 +492,64 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(run("python3", &[], &[], "GBK", false).env, [("PYTHONIOENCODING".to_owned(), "GBK".to_owned())]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn spring_boot_run_forks_get_a_utf8_default_charset() {
+        let boot = |args: &[&str], env: &[(&str, &str)]| run("mvn.cmd", args, env, "UTF-8", true).args;
+        let utf8 = "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8";
+        assert_eq!(boot(&["spring-boot:run"], &[]).unwrap(), ["spring-boot:run", utf8]);
+        let plugin = "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:3.2.0:run";
+        assert_eq!(boot(&["-pl", "app", plugin], &[]).unwrap(), ["-pl", "app", plugin, utf8]);
+        // The user's VM options are kept; their own `file.encoding` wins.
+        assert_eq!(
+            boot(&["spring-boot:run", "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments=-Xmx1g \"-Da=b c\""], &[]).unwrap(),
+            ["spring-boot:run", "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments=-Xmx1g \"-Da=b c\" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(boot(&["spring-boot:run", "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="], &[]).unwrap()[1], utf8);
+        assert!(boot(&["spring-boot:run", "-Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments=-Dfile.encoding=GBK"], &[]).is_none());
+        assert!(boot(&["spring-boot:run"], &[(TOOL_OPTIONS, "-Dfile.encoding=GBK")]).is_none());
+        // Other goals and tools, other consoles, and other platforms are left alone.
+        assert!(boot(&["package"], &[]).is_none());
+        assert!(run("mvn", &["spring-boot:run"], &[], "GBK", true).args.is_none());
+        assert!(run("mvn", &["spring-boot:run"], &[], "UTF-8", false).args.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn forked_application_jvms_get_a_utf8_default_charset() {
+        // Reported: a Spring Boot app run by the build on Chinese Windows (JDK 8–17, GBK default).
+        for (tool, args) in [
+            ("C:\\p\\gradlew.bat", &["bootRun"][..]),
+            ("gradle", &[":app:run"]),
+            ("mvnw.cmd", &["spring-boot:run"]),
+            ("mvnd", &["org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.7.18:run"]),
+        ] {
+            let f = run(tool, args, &[], "UTF-8", true);
+            let gradle = tool.contains("gradle");
+            assert_eq!(f.gradle_init_script, gradle, "{tool}");
+            assert_eq!(f.args.is_some(), !gradle, "{tool}");
+            // The build tool's own JVM keeps its default charset.
+            assert!(!tool_env(&f).unwrap().contains("file.encoding"), "{tool}");
+            // The user's choice, a GBK console and other platforms are left alone.
+            let own = run(tool, args, &[(TOOL_OPTIONS, "-Dfile.encoding=GBK")], "UTF-8", true);
+            assert!(!own.gradle_init_script && own.args.is_none(), "{tool}");
+            let gbk = run(tool, args, &[], "GBK", true);
+            assert!(!gbk.gradle_init_script && gbk.args.is_none(), "{tool}");
+            assert_eq!(run(tool, args, &[], "UTF-8", false), EncodingFix::default(), "{tool}");
+        }
+        // Shell command lines can't take arguments; other JVM tools fork no application.
+        assert!(!fix_command_line("gradlew bootRun", &BTreeMap::new(), |_| None, "UTF-8", true).gradle_init_script);
+        let sbt = run("sbt", &["run"], &[], "UTF-8", true);
+        assert!(!sbt.gradle_init_script && sbt.args.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradle_script_respects_the_builds_own_file_encoding() {
+        let s = GRADLE_FILE_ENCODING_SCRIPT;
+        assert!(s.contains("tasks.withType(JavaExec).configureEach"), "{s}");
+        assert!(s.contains("defaultCharacterEncoding = 'UTF-8'"), "{s}");
+        assert!(!s.contains("doFirst"), "the build must be able to override the default: {s}");
+        assert!(!s.contains("withType(Test)") && !s.contains("JavaCompile"), "{s}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn shell_command_lines_get_variables_from_their_first_word() {
         let line = |l: &str| fix_command_line(l, &BTreeMap::new(), |_| None, "UTF-8", true);
@@ -446,12 +569,53 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn java_debug_launches_write_what_java_debug_decodes() {
-        assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("", None, true).as_deref(), Some(TOOL_UTF8));
-        assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("-Xmx1g", Some(""), true), Some(format!("-Xmx1g {TOOL_UTF8}")));
-        assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("", Some("GBK"), true).unwrap().split(' ').next(), Some("-Dstdout.encoding=GBK"));
-        assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("-Dstdout.encoding=GBK", None, true), None);
-        assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("-Xmx1g", None, false), None);
-        assert!(java_debug_vm_args("", Some("GBK"), false).is_some());
+        let debug =
+            |args: &str, encoding, windows| java_debug_vm_args(args, &BTreeMap::new(), |_| None, encoding, windows);
+        for encoding in [None, Some(""), Some("  "), Some("UTF-8"), Some("utf8")] {
+            let streams = encoding.filter(|e| !e.trim().is_empty()).unwrap_or("UTF-8");
+            let utf8 = format!("{} -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8", options(STD_PROPERTIES, streams).join(" "));
+            assert_eq!(debug("", encoding, true), Some(utf8.clone()));
+            assert_eq!(debug("-Xmx1g", encoding, true), Some(format!("-Xmx1g {utf8}")));
+            assert_eq!(debug("-Xmx1g", encoding, false), None);
+        }
+        for windows in [true, false] {
+            assert_eq!(debug("", Some("GBK"), windows), Some(options(STD_PROPERTIES, "GBK").join(" ")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn java_debug_preserves_user_options_independently() {
+        let debug = |args: &str| java_debug_vm_args(args, &BTreeMap::new(), |_| None, None, true);
+        assert_eq!(debug("-Dfile.encoding=GBK"), Some(format!("-Dfile.encoding=GBK {TOOL_UTF8}")));
+        for property in STD_PROPERTIES {
+            let args = format!("-D{property}=GBK");
+            assert_eq!(debug(&args), Some(format!("{args} -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8")));
+            assert_eq!(debug(&format!("{args} -Dfile.encoding=GBK")), None);
+        }
+        for key in ["JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS", TOOL_OPTIONS] {
+            for (own, expected) in [
+                ("-Dfile.encoding=GBK", Some(TOOL_UTF8.to_owned())),
+                ("-Dstdout.encoding=GBK", Some("-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8".to_owned())),
+                ("-Dstdout.encoding=GBK -Dfile.encoding=GBK", None),
+            ] {
+                assert_eq!(java_debug_vm_args("", &vars(&[(key, own)]), |_| None, None, true), expected);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    java_debug_vm_args("", &BTreeMap::new(), |k| (k == key).then(|| own.to_owned()), None, true),
+                    expected
+                );
+            }
+            // A launch environment value overrides the inherited one, as in Run.
+            assert_eq!(
+                java_debug_vm_args(
+                    "",
+                    &vars(&[(key, "")]),
+                    |k| (k == key).then(|| "-Dfile.encoding=GBK".into()),
+                    None,
+                    true
+                ),
+                Some(format!("{TOOL_UTF8} -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"))
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     fn filtered(chunks: &[&str]) -> String {

crates/ide-core/src/process.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 //! Child-process helpers shared by every crate that spawns tools.
 
 use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
-use std::process::Command;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use std::process::Stdio;
+use std::process::{Child, Command};
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 /// Windows `CREATE_NO_WINDOW` creation flag, for call sites that combine it
 /// with other flags (and then call [`host_env`] themselves). Prefer [`prepare`] otherwise.
@@ -25,18 +28,109 @@ pub fn prepare(cmd: &mut Command) -> &mut Command {
     host_env(cmd)
 }
 
+/// Starts the child as the leader of its own process group on Unix, so [`kill_tree`] and
+/// [`terminate_tree`] reach what it starts in turn (`gh` → `git`, `npm` → `node`, `mvnw` →
+/// the JVM). A no-op elsewhere: on Windows the tree is found from the child's process id.
+pub fn own_group(cmd: &mut Command) -> &mut Command {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+        cmd.process_group(0);
+    }
+    cmd
+}
+
+/// Kills the child and everything it started, then reaps it.
+///
+/// - Unix: `SIGKILL` to its process group, so spawn it with [`own_group`].
+/// - Windows: `taskkill /T /F`, which walks the tree from the child's process id.
+pub fn kill_tree(child: &mut Child) {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    signal_group(child, libc::SIGKILL);
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    taskkill_tree(child);
+    let _ = child.kill();
+    let _ = child.wait();
+}
+
+/// [`kill_tree`] for a child known by its process id (a `tokio` child): `SIGKILL` to its
+/// process group (spawn it with [`own_group`]) or `taskkill /T /F`. Call it before the child
+/// is reaped, so the id still names it. The child itself is left to its owner to kill and reap.
+pub fn kill_tree_of(pid: u32) {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    if let Ok(pid) = libc::pid_t::try_from(pid) {
+        // SAFETY: plain syscall; see `signal_group`.
+        unsafe {
+            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGKILL);
+        }
+    }
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        let mut taskkill = Command::new("taskkill");
+        prepare(&mut taskkill)
+            .args(["/T", "/F", "/PID", &pid.to_string()])
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null());
+        let _ = taskkill.status();
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(any(unix, windows)))]
+    let _ = pid;
+}
+
+/// [`kill_tree`] that first asks the group to exit: `SIGTERM`, then `grace`, then `SIGKILL`.
+/// Git removes its `index.lock` on `SIGTERM`, where `SIGKILL` leaves it behind and the next
+/// git command fails. Windows has no such signal to send from outside the child's console,
+/// so there it is [`kill_tree`].
+pub fn terminate_tree(child: &mut Child, grace: Duration) {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        signal_group(child, libc::SIGTERM);
+        // Sleep rather than `try_wait`: the child stays unreaped, so its process id (and the
+        // group id) cannot be reused before the `SIGKILL` below.
+        std::thread::sleep(grace);
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    let _ = grace;
+    kill_tree(child);
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn signal_group(child: &Child, signal: libc::c_int) {
+    if let Ok(pid) = libc::pid_t::try_from(child.id()) {
+        // SAFETY: plain syscall. The child is not reaped yet, so `-pid` is still its group (or
+        // no group at all when it was not spawned with `own_group`, and the call fails).
+        unsafe {
+            libc::kill(-pid, signal);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn taskkill_tree(child: &Child) {
+    let mut taskkill = Command::new("taskkill");
+    prepare(&mut taskkill)
+        .args(["/T", "/F", "/PID", &child.id().to_string()])
+        .stdin(Stdio::null())
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null());
+    let _ = taskkill.status();
+}
+
 /// Gives `cmd` the host's environment back when the IDE runs from an AppImage. `AppRun` and
 /// its hooks point `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, `PATH`, `XDG_DATA_DIRS`, `GIO_MODULE_DIR`, `GTK_PATH`,
 /// `GST_PLUGIN_*`, ... into the mounted image for the IDE itself; a host program that
 /// inherits them loads the image's (older) libraries and plugins next to its own, e.g.
 /// `curl: symbol lookup error ... nghttp2_...`. The IDE process keeps its environment
 /// (WebKit and GTK still need it). Then applies the [`set_env_overlay`] variables and
-/// those of a manual HTTP proxy ([`crate::proxy_settings::ProxySettings::child_env`]).
-/// Variables the call site has already set are kept. A no-op outside an AppImage
-/// without an overlay.
+/// those of a manual HTTP proxy ([`crate::proxy_settings::ProxySettings::child_env`]),
+/// and the login shell's variables this process lacks ([`shell_env`]: an app started from
+/// Finder/Dock doesn't have what rc files export, such as `GOPATH`, `JAVA_HOME` or
+/// `MAVEN_OPTS`). Variables the call site has already set are kept.
 pub fn host_env(cmd: &mut Command) -> &mut Command {
     let fixes = child_env_changes();
-    if fixes.is_empty() {
+    let shell: Vec<_> = shell_env().collect();
+    if fixes.is_empty() && shell.is_empty() {
         return cmd;
     }
     let explicit: Vec<OsString> = cmd.get_envs().map(|(k, _)| k.to_owned()).collect();
@@ -46,6 +140,9 @@ pub fn host_env(cmd: &mut Command) -> &mut Command {
             None => cmd.env_remove(key),
         };
     }
+    for (key, value) in shell.into_iter().filter(|(k, _)| !explicit.contains(k)) {
+        cmd.env(key, value);
+    }
     cmd
 }
 
@@ -62,12 +159,13 @@ pub fn host_vars() -> impl Iterator<Item = (OsString, OsString)> {
     apply_changes(std::env::vars_os().collect(), &child_env_changes()).into_iter()
 }
 
-/// [`std::env::var_os`] as a child should see it (see [`host_env`]).
+/// [`std::env::var_os`] as a child should see it (see [`host_env`]), the login shell's value
+/// included when this process lacks the variable.
 pub fn host_var_os(key: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Option<OsString> {
     let key = key.as_ref();
     match child_env_changes().into_iter().find(|(k, _)| k == key) {
         Some((_, fixed)) => fixed,
-        None => std::env::var_os(key),
+        None => std::env::var_os(key).or_else(|| shell_env().find(|(k, _)| k == key).map(|(_, v)| v)),
     }
 }
 
@@ -237,10 +335,227 @@ pub fn find_executable(name: &str, search: &OsStr) -> Option<std::path::PathBuf>
     find_executable_in(name, search, cfg!(windows), pathext.as_deref().and_then(|p| p.to_str()))
 }
 
+/// The user's own `PATH` entries on Windows (`HKCU\Environment`), the part of the
+/// merged `PATH` a process may not inherit — an IDE started before the variable was
+/// edited, or as a different user, sees only the machine entries. `%VAR%` references
+/// (`REG_EXPAND_SZ`) are expanded against the current environment. `None` elsewhere:
+/// there a login shell already supplies the user's whole `PATH`.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub fn user_path() -> Option<OsString> {
+    use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    use windows_sys::Win32::System::Registry::{HKEY, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, KEY_READ, RegCloseKey, RegOpenKeyExW};
+
+    fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> {
+        s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect()
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        let mut key: HKEY = std::ptr::null_mut();
+        if RegOpenKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, wide("Environment").as_ptr(), 0, KEY_READ, &mut key) != ERROR_SUCCESS {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let value = read_registry_string(key, &wide("Path"));
+        RegCloseKey(key);
+        value.filter(|v| !v.trim().is_empty()).map(OsString::from)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The string of value `name` under open `key`: `REG_SZ` as-is, `REG_EXPAND_SZ` expanded
+/// against the current environment. `None` when the value is missing or unreadable.
+///
+/// A `REG_EXPAND_SZ` value's first size query reports the unexpanded size, so a value
+/// that grows when expanded is re-read at the size the failed call reports. And the
+/// terminating NUL can leak into the read buffer with a stray UTF-16 unit behind it —
+/// seen with a `REG_EXPAND_SZ` user `Path`, where it made `env::set_var("PATH", …)`
+/// panic with "strings passed to WinAPI cannot contain NULs" — so the text is cut at
+/// the first NUL, not just stripped of trailing ones.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn read_registry_string(key: windows_sys::Win32::System::Registry::HKEY, name: &[u16]) -> Option<String> {
+    use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{ERROR_MORE_DATA, ERROR_SUCCESS};
+    use windows_sys::Win32::System::Registry::{RRF_RT_REG_EXPAND_SZ, RRF_RT_REG_SZ, RegGetValueW};
+
+    const FLAGS: u32 = RRF_RT_REG_SZ | RRF_RT_REG_EXPAND_SZ;
+    let mut kind = 0u32;
+    let mut len = 0u32;
+    // SAFETY: `name` is NUL-terminated and the size query writes only `kind` and `len`.
+    let status =
+        unsafe { RegGetValueW(key, std::ptr::null(), name.as_ptr(), FLAGS, &mut kind, std::ptr::null_mut(), &mut len) };
+    if status != ERROR_SUCCESS || len == 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let buf = loop {
+        let mut buf = vec![0u16; len as usize / 2 + 1];
+        // SAFETY: as above; the buffer holds at least the `len` bytes the call may write.
+        let status = unsafe {
+            RegGetValueW(key, std::ptr::null(), name.as_ptr(), FLAGS, &mut kind, buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, &mut len)
+        };
+        if status == ERROR_SUCCESS {
+            break buf;
+        }
+        if status != ERROR_MORE_DATA || len == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+    let text = String::from_utf16_lossy(&buf);
+    let end = text.find('\0').unwrap_or(text.len());
+    Some(text[..end].to_owned())
+}
+
+/// The user's own `PATH` entries; `None` outside Windows (see the Windows impl).
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+pub fn user_path() -> Option<OsString> {
+    None
+}
+
+/// `path` followed by the [`user_path`] entries it lacks.
+pub fn with_user_path(path: &OsStr) -> OsString {
+    user_path().map_or_else(|| path.to_owned(), |user| append_path_entries(path, &user))
+}
+
+fn append_path_entries(path: &OsStr, extra: &OsStr) -> OsString {
+    let mut dirs: Vec<std::path::PathBuf> = std::env::split_paths(path).filter(|d| !d.as_os_str().is_empty()).collect();
+    for dir in std::env::split_paths(extra).filter(|d| !d.as_os_str().is_empty()) {
+        if !dirs.contains(&dir) {
+            dirs.push(dir);
+        }
+    }
+    std::env::join_paths(dirs).unwrap_or_else(|_| path.to_owned())
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn kill_tree_of_reaches_what_the_child_started() {
+        use std::io::BufRead;
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("sh");
+        own_group(&mut cmd).args(["-c", "sleep 30 & echo $!; wait"]).stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped());
+        let mut child = cmd.spawn().unwrap();
+        let mut line = String::new();
+        std::io::BufReader::new(child.stdout.take().unwrap()).read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+        let grandchild: libc::pid_t = line.trim().parse().unwrap();
+        let alive = |pid: libc::pid_t| unsafe { libc::kill(pid, 0) } == 0;
+        assert!(alive(grandchild));
+        kill_tree_of(child.id());
+        let _ = child.wait();
+        // Reparented to init once its parent is gone, which reaps it.
+        let gone = (0..100).any(|_| {
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+            !alive(grandchild)
+        });
+        assert!(gone, "the grandchild {grandchild} survived");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[test]
+    fn user_path_reads_the_current_users_path() {
+        // This host has a user `Path` only when the test account set one; either way the call
+        // must not fail, and a present value is a non-empty `;`-joined list of directories.
+        if let Some(path) = user_path() {
+            let dirs: Vec<_> = std::env::split_paths(&path).collect();
+            assert!(!dirs.is_empty(), "user PATH should hold at least one directory");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[test]
+    fn registry_strings_expand_and_stay_terminator_free() {
+        use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        use windows_sys::Win32::System::Registry::{
+            HKEY, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, KEY_READ, KEY_WRITE, REG_EXPAND_SZ, REG_SZ, RegCloseKey, RegCreateKeyExW,
+            RegDeleteTreeW, RegSetValueExW,
+        };
+
+        fn wide(s: &str) -> Vec<u16> {
+            s.encode_utf16().chain(std::iter::once(0)).collect()
+        }
+
+        struct TestState {
+            key: HKEY,
+            name: String,
+            variable: String,
+            previous: Option<OsString>,
+        }
+        impl Drop for TestState {
+            fn drop(&mut self) {
+                // SAFETY: the key belongs to this test; Windows environment mutation is safe.
+                unsafe {
+                    RegCloseKey(self.key);
+                    RegDeleteTreeW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, wide(&self.name).as_ptr());
+                    match &self.previous {
+                        Some(value) => std::env::set_var(&self.variable, value),
+                        None => std::env::remove_var(&self.variable),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let name = format!("Software\\ai.l0ng.openidea.registry-read-test-{}", std::process::id());
+        let variable = format!("OPENIDEA_TEST_REGVAR_{}", std::process::id());
+        let long = "x".repeat(600);
+        let mut key: HKEY = std::ptr::null_mut();
+        let opened = unsafe {
+            RegCreateKeyExW(
+                HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                wide(&name).as_ptr(),
+                0,
+                std::ptr::null(),
+                0,
+                KEY_READ | KEY_WRITE,
+                std::ptr::null(),
+                &mut key,
+                std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            )
+        };
+        assert_eq!(opened, ERROR_SUCCESS, "the test key must be creatable under HKCU\\Software");
+        let _cleanup = TestState { key, name, previous: std::env::var_os(&variable), variable: variable.clone() };
+        // SAFETY: Windows permits environment mutation. No other test uses this process-specific name.
+        unsafe { std::env::set_var(&variable, &long) };
+        let set = |value: &str, kind: u32, data: &[u16]| {
+            // SAFETY: `key` is open for writing and `data` holds `data.len() * 2` bytes.
+            assert_eq!(
+                unsafe {
+                    RegSetValueExW(
+                        key,
+                        wide(value).as_ptr(),
+                        0,
+                        kind,
+                        data.as_ptr() as *const _,
+                        (data.len() * 2) as u32,
+                    )
+                },
+                ERROR_SUCCESS
+            );
+        };
+        let read = |value: &str| read_registry_string(key, &wide(value));
+        set("Plain", REG_SZ, &wide("plain"));
+        set("Expand", REG_EXPAND_SZ, &wide(&format!("%{variable}%\\bin")));
+        set("ExpandLong", REG_EXPAND_SZ, &wide(&format!("%{variable}%")));
+        // Reproduce the reported interior terminator followed by a stale UTF-16 unit.
+        set("TrailingGarbage", REG_SZ, &wide("C:\\Zed\\bin\0n"));
+        set("ExpandTrailingGarbage", REG_EXPAND_SZ, &wide(&format!("%{variable}%\\bin\0n")));
+        set("Empty", REG_SZ, &wide(""));
+        let plain = read("Plain");
+        let expand = read("Expand");
+        let expand_long = read("ExpandLong");
+        assert_eq!(plain.as_deref(), Some("plain"));
+        assert_eq!(expand.as_deref(), Some(format!("{long}\\bin")).as_deref());
+        // Longer than its unexpanded form: needs the re-read at the expanded size.
+        assert_eq!(expand_long.as_deref(), Some(long.as_str()));
+        assert_eq!(read("TrailingGarbage").as_deref(), Some("C:\\Zed\\bin"));
+        assert_eq!(read("ExpandTrailingGarbage").as_deref(), Some(format!("{long}\\bin")).as_deref());
+        assert_eq!(read("Empty").as_deref(), Some(""));
+        assert_eq!(read("Missing"), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn append_path_entries_keeps_the_order_and_adds_what_is_missing() {
+        let join = |dirs: &[&str]| std::env::join_paths(dirs).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(append_path_entries(&join(&["a", "b"]), &join(&["b", "c"])), join(&["a", "b", "c"]));
+        assert_eq!(append_path_entries(OsStr::new(""), &join(&["c"])), join(&["c"]));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn shell_env_adds_only_what_the_process_lacks_and_the_overlay_wins() {
         set_shell_env(vec![("OPENIDEA_SHELL_ONLY_VAR".into(), "1".into()), ("PATH".into(), "/from/shell".into())]);
@@ -263,6 +578,15 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(get("HOME"), Some(None));
         let shell: Vec<_> = shell_env().map(|(k, _)| k).collect();
         assert_eq!(shell, [OsString::from("OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_B")]);
+        // Every child gets what the login shell exports and the IDE process lacks (a Finder
+        // launch: `GOPATH`, `JAVA_HOME`...), unless the call site sets it.
+        assert_eq!(get("OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_B"), Some(Some("b".into())));
+        let mut own = Command::new("true");
+        own.env("OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_B", "call site");
+        host_env(&mut own);
+        let value = own.get_envs().find(|(n, _)| *n == "OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_B").and_then(|(_, v)| v);
+        assert_eq!(value, Some(OsStr::new("call site")));
+        assert_eq!(host_var_os("OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_B"), Some("b".into()));
         assert_eq!(host_var_os("PATH"), Some("/reloaded".into()));
         assert!(host_vars().all(|(k, _)| k != "HOME"));
         assert!(host_vars().any(|(k, v)| k == "OPENIDEA_OVERLAY_A" && v == "project"));
@@ -402,3 +726,71 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(find_executable("nope", &search), None);
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(all(test, unix))]
+mod kill_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::path::Path;
+    use std::time::Instant;
+
+    /// Runs `script` in `sh` as its own group's leader and waits for it to write `ready`.
+    fn start(script: &str, ready: &Path) -> Child {
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("sh");
+        cmd.arg("-c").arg(script);
+        let child = own_group(&mut cmd).spawn().unwrap();
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(5);
+        while !ready.exists() {
+            assert!(Instant::now() < deadline, "the script never got ready");
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+        child
+    }
+
+    fn assert_gone(pid: libc::pid_t) {
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(5);
+        // SAFETY: signal 0 only checks that the process exists.
+        while unsafe { libc::kill(pid, 0) } == 0 {
+            assert!(Instant::now() < deadline, "process {pid} survived");
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kill_tree_kills_what_the_child_started() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let pid_file = dir.path().join("pid");
+        let script = format!("sleep 30 & echo $! > '{0}.tmp' && mv '{0}.tmp' '{0}'; wait", pid_file.display());
+        let mut child = start(&script, &pid_file);
+        let grandchild: libc::pid_t = std::fs::read_to_string(&pid_file).unwrap().trim().parse().unwrap();
+        kill_tree(&mut child);
+        assert!(child.try_wait().unwrap().is_some(), "the child is reaped");
+        assert_gone(grandchild);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn terminate_tree_lets_the_child_clean_up() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let (ready, cleaned) = (dir.path().join("ready"), dir.path().join("cleaned"));
+        let script = format!(
+            "trap 'touch \"{}\"; exit 0' TERM; touch \"{}\"; sleep 30 & wait",
+            cleaned.display(),
+            ready.display()
+        );
+        let mut child = start(&script, &ready);
+        terminate_tree(&mut child, Duration::from_millis(500));
+        assert!(cleaned.exists(), "the SIGTERM handler ran before the SIGKILL");
+        assert!(child.try_wait().unwrap().is_some(), "the child is reaped");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn terminate_tree_still_kills_a_child_that_ignores_sigterm() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let ready = dir.path().join("ready");
+        let script = format!("trap '' TERM; touch \"{}\"; while :; do sleep 1; done", ready.display());
+        let mut child = start(&script, &ready);
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        terminate_tree(&mut child, Duration::from_millis(50));
+        assert!(child.try_wait().unwrap().is_some(), "the child is reaped");
+        assert!(started.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5));
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/proxy_settings.rs

@@ -207,6 +207,58 @@ impl ProxySettings {
         env.push((OsString::from("no_proxy"), Some(OsString::from(no_proxy))));
         env
     }
+
+    /// System properties that make a JVM follow this configuration. A JVM reads none of
+    /// [`Self::child_env`]: a Java tool (jetty, Maven's resolver, a language server's own
+    /// HTTP client) goes direct without these, and a repository its proxy answers in
+    /// milliseconds can then hang it instead.
+    pub fn jvm_args(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        match self.mode {
+            // macOS and Windows JVMs read the system proxy with this one.
+            ProxyMode::Auto => vec!["-Djava.net.useSystemProxies=true".into()],
+            ProxyMode::None => Vec::new(),
+            ProxyMode::Manual if self.manual() => self.manual_jvm_args(),
+            ProxyMode::Manual => Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn manual_jvm_args(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        let (host, port) = (self.host.trim(), self.port);
+        match self.kind {
+            ProxyKind::Http => {
+                // HTTPS hosts read `https.proxyHost`, plain ones `http.proxyHost`.
+                let mut args = vec![
+                    format!("-Dhttp.proxyHost={host}"),
+                    format!("-Dhttp.proxyPort={port}"),
+                    format!("-Dhttps.proxyHost={host}"),
+                    format!("-Dhttps.proxyPort={port}"),
+                ];
+                let hosts = self.non_proxy_hosts();
+                if !hosts.is_empty() {
+                    args.push(format!("-Dhttp.nonProxyHosts={}", hosts.join("|")));
+                }
+                args
+            }
+            // SOCKS proxies every TCP connection, so there is one property pair.
+            ProxyKind::Socks => vec![
+                format!("-DsocksProxyHost={host}"),
+                format!("-DsocksProxyPort={port}"),
+                "-Djava.net.useSystemProxies=false".into(),
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// [`Self::no_proxy`] in the JVM's `http.nonProxyHosts` format: `|` between host
+    /// globs. CIDR ranges and IPv6 literals have no equivalent there and are dropped.
+    fn non_proxy_hosts(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        let mut hosts: Vec<String> = LOOPBACK.iter().filter(|h| !h.contains(':')).map(|h| (*h).to_owned()).collect();
+        for entry in self.no_proxy_entries() {
+            if !entry.contains(['/', ':', '[', ']']) && !hosts.contains(&entry) {
+                hosts.push(entry);
+            }
+        }
+        hosts
+    }
 }
 
 /// Case-insensitive host glob (`pattern` is lowercase): `*` matches any run of characters.
@@ -292,6 +344,34 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(p.child_env().is_empty());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn jvm_args_carry_the_proxy_as_system_properties() {
+        // A JVM reads none of `child_env`: a Java language server needs these to not go
+        // direct while curl, git and Node follow the environment.
+        assert_eq!(ProxySettings::default().jvm_args(), ["-Djava.net.useSystemProxies=true"]);
+        assert!(ProxySettings { mode: ProxyMode::None, ..manual("proxy", 3128) }.jvm_args().is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(
+            manual("proxy.corp", 3128).jvm_args(),
+            [
+                "-Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.corp",
+                "-Dhttp.proxyPort=3128",
+                "-Dhttps.proxyHost=proxy.corp",
+                "-Dhttps.proxyPort=3128",
+                "-Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1",
+            ]
+        );
+        let socks = ProxySettings { kind: ProxyKind::Socks, ..manual("10.0.0.1", 1080) };
+        assert_eq!(socks.jvm_args()[..2], ["-DsocksProxyHost=10.0.0.1", "-DsocksProxyPort=1080"]);
+        // `http.nonProxyHosts` takes host globs: CIDR ranges and IPv6 literals drop out.
+        let p = ProxySettings {
+            no_proxy: "*.corp.com, 172.0.0.0/8, [::1], ::1, localhost".into(),
+            ..manual("proxy.corp", 3128)
+        };
+        assert_eq!(p.jvm_args().last().unwrap(), "-Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|*.corp.com");
+        // A manual proxy without a host connects directly, and so does its JVM.
+        assert!(manual(" ", 80).jvm_args().is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn manual_http_and_socks_urls() {
         let p = manual("proxy.corp", 3128);

crates/ide-core/src/remote_settings.rs

@@ -103,10 +103,19 @@ impl Default for DeploymentSettings {
     }
 }
 
-/// An SFTP server and how project folders map onto it.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum DeploymentType {
+    #[default]
+    Sftp,
+    Local,
+}
+
+/// A deployment filesystem and how project folders map onto it.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct DeploymentServer {
+    pub kind: DeploymentType,
     pub id: String,
     pub name: String,
     /// [`SshConfiguration::id`].
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ pub struct DeploymentServer {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct DeploymentMapping {
-    /// Project-relative folder; empty = the project root.
+    /// Project-relative folder, or absolute inside the project; empty = the project root.
     pub local: String,
     /// Remote folder, relative to the server root (a leading `/` is the root too).
     pub deployment: String,
@@ -148,3 +157,23 @@ pub struct RunTarget {
     pub node: String,
     pub java: String,
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod deployment_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deployment_type_defaults_and_round_trips() {
+        let legacy: DeploymentServer =
+            serde_json::from_str(r#"{"id":"existing","sshConfig":"ssh","rootPath":"/srv"}"#).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(legacy.kind, DeploymentType::Sftp);
+        assert_eq!(legacy.ssh_config, "ssh");
+        for kind in [DeploymentType::Sftp, DeploymentType::Local] {
+            let server = DeploymentServer { kind, ..legacy.clone() };
+            assert_eq!(
+                serde_json::from_str::<DeploymentServer>(&serde_json::to_string(&server).unwrap()).unwrap(),
+                server
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/settings.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,68 @@ pub struct Settings {
     pub deployment: DeploymentSettings,
     /// Build, Execution, Deployment › Run Targets.
     pub run_targets: Vec<RunTarget>,
+    pub cmake: CMakeSettings,
+    /// Tools › Agents › Chat.
+    pub agents: AgentSettings,
+    /// Plugin settings (`[contributes.settings]`): plugin id → its values by key.
+    #[specta(type = BTreeMap<String, BTreeMap<String, specta_typescript::Unknown>>)]
+    pub plugins: BTreeMap<String, serde_json::Map<String, serde_json::Value>>,
+}
+
+/// What the meters in an agent task's header show.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct AgentSettings {
+    /// Context window use.
+    pub show_context_usage: bool,
+    /// Time the agent spent on the task.
+    pub show_work_time: bool,
+    /// The account's usage-limit windows (Claude's 5-hour and weekly limits).
+    pub show_usage_limits: bool,
+    /// What the session has cost so far, as the agent reports it.
+    pub show_cost: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for AgentSettings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { show_context_usage: true, show_work_time: true, show_usage_limits: true, show_cost: false }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Absent profiles retain automatic discovery for existing projects.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CMakeSettings {
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    #[specta(optional)]
+    pub profiles: Option<Vec<CMakeProfile>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CMakeProfile {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub build_type: String,
+    pub generator: String,
+    pub cmake_args: Vec<String>,
+    /// Empty uses cmake-build-<lowercase build type>.
+    pub build_dir: String,
+    pub build_args: Vec<String>,
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for CMakeProfile {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: "Debug".into(),
+            build_type: "Debug".into(),
+            generator: String::new(),
+            cmake_args: Vec::new(),
+            build_dir: String::new(),
+            build_args: Vec::new(),
+            env: BTreeMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -95,6 +157,16 @@ pub struct LanguageServerSettings {
     pub languages: Vec<String>,
     /// Files marking a workspace root for a server defined here (`pyproject.toml`).
     pub root_markers: Vec<String>,
+    /// Replaces the definition's `features`: what the server is used for
+    /// (`code-action`, `hover`, …); an empty list means everything.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    #[specta(optional)]
+    pub features: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    /// Replaces the definition's `code-action-kinds` (`refactor`); an empty
+    /// list keeps every kind.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    #[specta(optional)]
+    pub code_action_kinds: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 impl Default for LanguageServerSettings {
@@ -108,6 +180,8 @@ impl Default for LanguageServerSettings {
             settings: None,
             languages: Vec::new(),
             root_markers: Vec::new(),
+            features: None,
+            code_action_kinds: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -154,6 +228,9 @@ impl Default for Settings {
             ssh: SshSettings::default(),
             deployment: DeploymentSettings::default(),
             run_targets: Vec::new(),
+            cmake: CMakeSettings::default(),
+            agents: AgentSettings::default(),
+            plugins: BTreeMap::new(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -178,7 +255,7 @@ pub struct CustomKeymap {
 pub struct GeneralSettings {
     pub reopen_last_project: bool,
     pub confirm_exit: bool,
-    /// Where Open… puts a project while one is open: `ask` | `new` | `same`.
+    /// Where Open… puts a project while one is open: `ask` | `new` | `same` | `attach`.
     pub open_project_in: String,
     /// Initial folder of the Open / Clone dialogs; empty = the OS default.
     pub default_project_directory: String,
@@ -197,7 +274,7 @@ impl Default for GeneralSettings {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             reopen_last_project: true,
-            confirm_exit: false,
+            confirm_exit: true,
             open_project_in: "ask".into(),
             default_project_directory: String::new(),
             save_on_idle: false,
@@ -262,7 +339,8 @@ impl Default for NotificationGroupSettings {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AppearanceSettings {
-    /// `dark` | `light` | `system` | `dark-hc` (high-contrast dark)
+    /// A built-in theme id (`light`, `dark`, `dark-hc`, …), `system` (legacy
+    /// "Sync with OS"), or a plugin's theme: `plugin:<plugin-id>/<theme-id>`.
     pub theme: String,
     pub accent: String,
     pub ui_font_size: f32,
@@ -271,11 +349,16 @@ pub struct AppearanceSettings {
     pub sync_with_os: bool,
     pub preferred_light_theme: String,
     pub preferred_dark_theme: String,
+    /// A plugin's file icon theme (`<plugin-id>/<theme-id>`); empty = the built-in icons.
+    pub file_icon_theme: String,
+    pub file_icon_theme_options: BTreeMap<String, FileIconThemeOptions>,
     /// IDE zoom in percent (50–300).
     pub zoom: u32,
     /// Apply `ui_font_family` / `ui_font_size` (otherwise the theme's).
     pub use_custom_font: bool,
     pub ui_font_family: String,
+    /// Font tried when `ui_font_family` lacks a glyph; empty = none.
+    pub ui_font_fallback: String,
     pub contrast_scrollbars: bool,
     /// Adjust colours for red-green vision deficiency.
     pub red_green_vision: bool,
@@ -285,11 +368,14 @@ pub struct AppearanceSettings {
     pub project_colors_in_toolbar: bool,
     pub dnd_with_alt_only: bool,
     pub menu_icons: bool,
+    /// `hamburger` | `merged`: main menu presentation in the frameless title bar.
+    pub main_menu_style: String,
     /// `subpixel` | `greyscale` | `none`
     pub ide_antialiasing: String,
     pub editor_antialiasing: String,
     pub show_tool_window_bars: bool,
     pub show_tool_window_names: bool,
+    pub show_tool_window_badges: bool,
     pub widescreen_tool_windows: bool,
     /// Status bar widgets shown (`true`) or hidden (`false`) by the user
     /// (status bar context menu); widgets not listed use their default.
@@ -301,6 +387,24 @@ pub struct AppearanceSettings {
 /// Main toolbar entries per side, in order: title widget ids (`project`,
 /// `vcs.branch`…) or `action:<id>`. Widgets in neither list nor `hidden`
 /// (registered later) keep their default place.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct FileIconThemeOptions {
+    pub groups: BTreeMap<String, bool>,
+    pub choices: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    pub hide_files: bool,
+    pub hide_folders: bool,
+    pub hollow_folders: bool,
+    pub hide_ui_icons: bool,
+    pub hide_psi_icons: bool,
+    pub monochrome: Option<String>,
+    pub saturation: Option<u8>,
+    pub opacity: Option<u8>,
+    pub icon_size: Option<u8>,
+    pub row_height: Option<u8>,
+    pub accent: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct MainToolbarSettings {
@@ -320,9 +424,12 @@ impl Default for AppearanceSettings {
             sync_with_os: false,
             preferred_light_theme: "light".into(),
             preferred_dark_theme: "dark".into(),
+            file_icon_theme: String::new(),
+            file_icon_theme_options: BTreeMap::new(),
             zoom: 100,
             use_custom_font: false,
             ui_font_family: "Inter".into(),
+            ui_font_fallback: String::new(),
             contrast_scrollbars: false,
             red_green_vision: false,
             different_tool_window_background: false,
@@ -331,10 +438,12 @@ impl Default for AppearanceSettings {
             project_colors_in_toolbar: true,
             dnd_with_alt_only: false,
             menu_icons: true,
+            main_menu_style: "hamburger".into(),
             ide_antialiasing: "greyscale".into(),
             editor_antialiasing: "greyscale".into(),
             show_tool_window_bars: true,
             show_tool_window_names: false,
+            show_tool_window_badges: true,
             widescreen_tool_windows: false,
             status_bar_widgets: BTreeMap::new(),
             main_toolbar: None,
@@ -342,6 +451,15 @@ impl Default for AppearanceSettings {
     }
 }
 
+/// Imported editor colour scheme on top of a built-in base.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CustomColorScheme {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub parent: String,
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, TextAttributesOverride>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct EditorSettings {
@@ -357,6 +475,8 @@ pub struct EditorSettings {
     pub format_on_save: bool,
     /// Editor colour scheme id; `theme-default` follows the IDE theme.
     pub color_scheme: String,
+    /// Imported editor schemes, stored in user settings.
+    pub custom_schemes: BTreeMap<String, CustomColorScheme>,
     /// Color Scheme edits: scheme id → attribute id → override.
     pub color_overrides: BTreeMap<String, BTreeMap<String, TextAttributesOverride>>,
     /// Color Scheme › Language Defaults › Semantic highlighting: local variables and
@@ -404,6 +524,7 @@ impl Default for EditorSettings {
             format_on_save: false,
             color_scheme: "theme-default".into(),
             color_overrides: BTreeMap::new(),
+            custom_schemes: BTreeMap::new(),
             semantic_highlighting: false,
             rainbow_brackets: false,
             ligatures: false,
@@ -434,6 +555,8 @@ impl Default for EditorSettings {
 pub struct FileSettings {
     /// Save on focus loss / tab switch, like IDEA.
     pub auto_save: bool,
+    /// Re-check open files against disk when the IDE window gains focus.
+    pub sync_on_focus: bool,
     pub exclude: Vec<String>,
     /// Ignored Files and Folders: name patterns hidden everywhere; see [`crate::ignored`].
     pub ignored_names: Vec<String>,
@@ -465,6 +588,7 @@ impl Default for FileSettings {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             auto_save: true,
+            sync_on_focus: true,
             exclude: vec!["**/.git".into(), "**/node_modules".into(), "**/target".into()],
             ignored_names: crate::ignored::DEFAULT_IGNORED_NAMES.iter().map(|s| (*s).into()).collect(),
             trim_trailing_whitespace: true,
@@ -482,10 +606,91 @@ impl Default for FileSettings {
 pub struct LanguagesSettings {
     pub python: PythonSettings,
     pub node: NodeSettings,
+    pub php: PhpSettings,
     pub rust: RustSettings,
     pub go: GoSettings,
     pub typescript: TypeScriptSettings,
+    pub prettier: ExternalFormatterSettings,
+    pub oxfmt: ExternalFormatterSettings,
     pub java: JavaSettings,
+    pub ruby: RubySettings,
+    pub markdown: MarkdownSettings,
+}
+
+/// Languages & Frameworks › Markdown. Like IDEA's, it is application-level only.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct MarkdownSettings {
+    /// Preview (and notebook Markdown cell) font size in px; unset follows the editor font size.
+    pub preview_font_size: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+impl LanguagesSettings {
+    pub fn formatter(&self, tool: ExternalFormatter) -> &ExternalFormatterSettings {
+        match tool {
+            ExternalFormatter::Prettier => &self.prettier,
+            ExternalFormatter::Oxfmt => &self.oxfmt,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A formatter that runs outside the language servers, with its own settings group.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum ExternalFormatter {
+    Prettier,
+    Oxfmt,
+}
+
+impl ExternalFormatter {
+    /// The name of the tool in the tool registry.
+    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Prettier => "prettier",
+            Self::Oxfmt => "oxfmt",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An external formatter (Prettier, oxfmt) and the languages it formats.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ExternalFormatterSettings {
+    /// Empty path: project node_modules, managed installation, then PATH.
+    pub path: String,
+    pub languages: Vec<String>,
+    /// Prefer this formatter even when a language server offers formatting.
+    pub prefer: bool,
+    pub run_on_save: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for ExternalFormatterSettings {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            path: String::new(),
+            languages: [
+                "markdown",
+                "yaml",
+                "css",
+                "scss",
+                "less",
+                "html",
+                "graphql",
+                "javascript",
+                "javascriptreact",
+                "typescript",
+                "typescriptreact",
+                "json",
+                "jsonc",
+                "vue",
+            ]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(String::from)
+            .collect(),
+            prefer: false,
+            run_on_save: false,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -503,6 +708,20 @@ impl Default for PythonSettings {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct PhpSettings {
+    /// `php` CLI executable; empty = the one on `PATH`.
+    pub interpreter: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct RubySettings {
+    /// Project interpreter executable; empty = auto-detect (`.ruby-version`, mise / asdf, else `ruby` on PATH).
+    pub interpreter: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct NodeSettings {
@@ -546,6 +765,35 @@ pub struct GoSettings {
     pub goroot: String,
     /// Empty = `go env GOPATH`.
     pub gopath: String,
+    pub build_tags: GoBuildTags,
+    pub modules: GoModules,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct GoModules {
+    pub env: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    pub auto_vendor: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for GoModules {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { env: BTreeMap::new(), auto_vendor: true }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct GoBuildTags {
+    /// Empty values inherit the selected toolchain's defaults.
+    pub os: String,
+    pub arch: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    pub compiler: String,
+    /// Empty = automatic, "1" = enabled, "0" = disabled.
+    pub cgo: String,
+    pub custom: String,
+    pub experiments: String,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -578,6 +826,19 @@ pub struct GradleSettings {
     pub home: String,
     /// Empty = Gradle's default user home.
     pub user_home: String,
+    /// IDEA's "Build and run using": who builds and launches an Application main.
+    pub run_using: GradleRunUsing,
+}
+
+/// IDEA's "Build and run using" for Gradle builds; IDEA defaults to Gradle.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum GradleRunUsing {
+    /// A `JavaExec` task on the source set's runtime classpath (`gradleRun.gradle`).
+    #[default]
+    Gradle,
+    /// The Java language server's classpath, launched by OpenIDEA.
+    Ide,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -672,6 +933,106 @@ impl Settings {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn cmake_profile_argument_arrays_round_trip() {
+        let mut settings = Settings::default();
+        assert!(settings.cmake.profiles.is_none());
+        assert!(CMakeProfile::default().cmake_args.is_empty());
+        assert!(CMakeProfile::default().build_args.is_empty());
+        let profile = CMakeProfile {
+            cmake_args: ["-DMESSAGE=two words", "-DQUOTE=\"hello\"", ""].map(String::from).into(),
+            build_args: ["-j", "8", "--", "LABEL=it's a build"].map(String::from).into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        settings.cmake.profiles = Some(vec![profile.clone()]);
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&settings).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(value["cmake"]["profiles"][0]["cmakeArgs"], serde_json::json!(profile.cmake_args));
+        assert_eq!(value["cmake"]["profiles"][0]["buildArgs"], serde_json::json!(profile.build_args));
+        assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<Settings>(value).unwrap(), settings);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn file_icon_theme_options_default_empty_and_round_trip() {
+        let old: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"appearance":{"fileIconTheme":"p/t"}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(old.appearance.file_icon_theme_options.is_empty());
+        let json = serde_json::json!({"appearance":{"fileIconThemeOptions":{"p/t":{
+            "groups":{"tests":true},"choices":{"arrows":"plusminus"},"hideFiles":true,"hideFolders":false,"hollowFolders":true,"hideUiIcons":true,"hidePsiIcons":false,
+            "monochrome":"#546e7a","saturation":5,"opacity":80,"iconSize":20,"rowHeight":30,"accent":"#009688"}}}});
+        let settings: Settings = serde_json::from_value(json.clone()).unwrap();
+        let options = &settings.appearance.file_icon_theme_options["p/t"];
+        assert!(options.hide_files && options.hollow_folders && !options.hide_folders);
+        assert!(options.hide_ui_icons && !options.hide_psi_icons);
+        assert!(options.groups["tests"]);
+        assert_eq!(options.choices["arrows"], "plusminus");
+        assert_eq!(
+            (options.saturation, options.opacity, options.icon_size, options.row_height),
+            (Some(5), Some(80), Some(20), Some(30))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(options.monochrome.as_deref(), Some("#546e7a"));
+        assert_eq!(options.accent.as_deref(), Some("#009688"));
+        let value = serde_json::to_value(&settings).unwrap();
+        let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_value(value).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(restored, settings);
+        let plain = serde_json::to_value(FileIconThemeOptions::default()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(plain["hideFiles"], false);
+        assert_eq!(plain["hideUiIcons"], false);
+        assert_eq!(plain["hidePsiIcons"], false);
+        assert_eq!(plain["monochrome"], serde_json::Value::Null);
+        assert_eq!(plain["groups"], serde_json::json!({}));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ui_font_fallback_defaults_empty_and_round_trips() {
+        let old: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"appearance":{"useCustomFont":true}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(old.appearance.ui_font_fallback.is_empty());
+        for family in ["", "Songti SC", "Maple Mono NF CN"] {
+            let mut settings = Settings::default();
+            settings.appearance.ui_font_fallback = family.into();
+            let json = serde_json::to_value(&settings).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(json["appearance"]["uiFontFallback"], family);
+            let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(restored.appearance.ui_font_fallback, family);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tool_window_badges_default_on_and_round_trip() {
+        let old: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"appearance":{"showToolWindowNames":true}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(old.appearance.show_tool_window_badges);
+        assert!(Settings::default().appearance.show_tool_window_badges);
+        for enabled in [false, true] {
+            let mut settings = Settings::default();
+            settings.appearance.show_tool_window_badges = enabled;
+            let json = serde_json::to_value(&settings).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(json["appearance"]["showToolWindowBadges"], enabled);
+            let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(restored.appearance.show_tool_window_badges, enabled);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn agent_meters_default_and_round_trip() {
+        let old: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"agents":{"showCost":true}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(old.agents.show_cost);
+        assert!(old.agents.show_context_usage && old.agents.show_work_time && old.agents.show_usage_limits);
+        assert!(!Settings::default().agents.show_cost);
+        let mut settings = Settings::default();
+        settings.agents.show_usage_limits = false;
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(&settings).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(json["agents"]["showUsageLimits"], false);
+        let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(restored.agents, settings.agents);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn main_menu_style_defaults_and_round_trips() {
+        let old: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"appearance":{"compactMode":true}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(old.appearance.main_menu_style, "hamburger");
+        let merged: Settings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"appearance":{"mainMenuStyle":"merged"}}"#).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(merged.appearance.main_menu_style, "merged");
+        assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(merged).unwrap()["appearance"]["mainMenuStyle"], "merged");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn editor_font_weights_default_to_regular_and_bold() {
         let json = serde_json::to_value(Settings::default()).unwrap();
@@ -748,9 +1109,26 @@ mod gradle_settings_tests {
                 distribution,
                 home: "/gradle".into(),
                 user_home: "/cache/gradle".into(),
+                run_using: GradleRunUsing::Ide,
             };
             let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(&settings).unwrap()).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(restored.languages.java.gradle, settings.languages.java.gradle);
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod go_module_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn old_go_settings_inherit_module_defaults() {
+        let old: GoSettings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"goroot":"/go"}"#).unwrap();
+        assert!(old.modules.auto_vendor);
+        assert!(old.modules.env.is_empty());
+        let configured: GoSettings =
+            serde_json::from_str(r#"{"modules":{"autoVendor":false,"env":{"GOPRIVATE":"example.com/private"}}}"#)
+                .unwrap();
+        assert!(!configured.modules.auto_vendor);
+        assert_eq!(configured.modules.env["GOPRIVATE"], "example.com/private");
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/task.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,39 @@ pub fn cancel(id: TaskId) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
+/// A progress title a tool reported, made readable: a leading absolute executable path
+/// (rust-analyzer reports `/…/bin/cargo check`) shows as its program name (`cargo check`).
+pub fn display_title(title: &str) -> String {
+    let is_sep = |c: char| c == '/' || c == '\\';
+    let b = title.as_bytes();
+    let absolute = title.starts_with(is_sep)
+        || (b.len() > 2 && b[0].is_ascii_alphabetic() && b[1] == b':' && is_sep(b[2] as char));
+    if !absolute {
+        return title.to_owned();
+    }
+    // The path runs on through spaces (`Application Support/…`) while the next word still
+    // continues it; the first word without a separator, an option or a new path ends it.
+    let mut end = title.find(' ').unwrap_or(title.len());
+    while end < title.len() {
+        let rest = &title[end + 1..];
+        let word = rest.split(' ').next().unwrap_or_default();
+        if word.is_empty() || !word.contains(is_sep) || word.starts_with(is_sep) || word.starts_with('-') {
+            break;
+        }
+        end += 1 + word.len();
+    }
+    let (path, rest) = title.split_at(end);
+    let name = path.rsplit(is_sep).next().unwrap_or(path);
+    let name = [".exe", ".cmd", ".bat"]
+        .iter()
+        .find_map(|ext| {
+            let cut = name.len().checked_sub(ext.len())?;
+            (name.is_char_boundary(cut) && name[cut..].eq_ignore_ascii_case(ext)).then(|| &name[..cut])
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(name);
+    if name.is_empty() { title.to_owned() } else { format!("{name}{rest}") }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -71,4 +104,28 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!cancel(other), "an ended task is not cancelled");
         assert_eq!(hits.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn display_title_shows_a_leading_executable_path_as_its_name() {
+        for (title, shown) in [
+            ("/Users/thomas/Library/Application Support/mbx/bin/cargo check", "cargo check"),
+            ("/home/me/.cargo/bin/cargo clippy (#2)", "cargo clippy (#2)"),
+            (
+                "/opt/my tools/bin/cargo check --manifest-path /x/Cargo.toml",
+                "cargo check --manifest-path /x/Cargo.toml",
+            ),
+            (r"C:\Users\me\.cargo\bin\cargo.exe check", "cargo check"),
+            (r"C:\Program Files\Rust\bin\cargo.EXE check", "cargo check"),
+            (r"\\server\share\tools\x.cmd build", "x build"),
+            ("/usr/bin/make", "make"),
+            ("cargo check", "cargo check"),
+            ("Indexing", "Indexing"),
+            ("Building compile-time-deps", "Building compile-time-deps"),
+            ("Loading /src/app (2/3)", "Loading /src/app (2/3)"),
+            ("/", "/"),
+            ("", ""),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(display_title(title), shown, "{title:?}");
+        }
+    }
 }

crates/ide-core/src/text.rs

@@ -97,15 +97,88 @@ pub struct TextEdit {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 pub struct WorkspaceEdit {
     pub files: Vec<FileEdit>,
+    /// Content fingerprints captured before presenting an edit for confirmation.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    #[specta(optional)]
+    pub preconditions: Vec<WorkspaceEditPrecondition>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+pub struct WorkspaceEditPrecondition {
+    pub path: crate::IpcPath,
+    pub hash: String,
+}
+
+impl WorkspaceEdit {
+    /// Coalesces aliases of the same file before applying edits against its original text.
+    /// Resource operations separate batches because later edits may use the new contents.
+    pub fn deduplicate(&mut self) {
+        let mut files = Vec::new();
+        let mut batch = std::collections::HashMap::<std::path::PathBuf, usize>::new();
+        let mut resolve_aliases = true;
+        for file in std::mem::take(&mut self.files) {
+            match file {
+                FileEdit::Edit { path, edits, version } => {
+                    let path = if resolve_aliases {
+                        dunce::canonicalize(&path).unwrap_or_else(|_| path.to_path_buf())
+                    } else {
+                        path.to_path_buf()
+                    };
+                    let index = *batch.entry(path.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
+                        files.push(FileEdit::Edit { path: path.clone().into(), edits: Vec::new(), version });
+                        files.len() - 1
+                    });
+                    let FileEdit::Edit { edits: own, version: expected, .. } = &mut files[index] else {
+                        unreachable!()
+                    };
+                    if expected.is_some() && version.is_some() && *expected != version {
+                        // Keep incompatible constraints so application rejects them
+                        // before changing any file instead of silently losing one.
+                        files.push(FileEdit::Edit { path: path.into(), edits, version });
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    *expected = expected.or(version);
+                    for edit in edits {
+                        if !own.contains(&edit) {
+                            own.push(edit);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                op => {
+                    batch.clear();
+                    // Later paths refer to a filesystem state the resource operation has yet to create.
+                    resolve_aliases = false;
+                    files.push(op);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.files = files;
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(tag = "kind", rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum FileEdit {
-    Edit { path: crate::IpcPath, edits: Vec<TextEdit> },
-    Create { path: crate::IpcPath, overwrite: bool },
-    Rename { from: crate::IpcPath, to: crate::IpcPath },
-    Delete { path: crate::IpcPath, recursive: bool },
+    Edit {
+        path: crate::IpcPath,
+        edits: Vec<TextEdit>,
+        /// LSP TextDocumentEdit version; null/unversioned edits use content preconditions.
+        #[serde(default)]
+        #[specta(optional)]
+        version: Option<i32>,
+    },
+    Create {
+        path: crate::IpcPath,
+        overwrite: bool,
+    },
+    Rename {
+        from: crate::IpcPath,
+        to: crate::IpcPath,
+    },
+    Delete {
+        path: crate::IpcPath,
+        recursive: bool,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -203,3 +276,35 @@ pub struct OutlineItem {
 
 /// Fuzzy-match highlight: indices (in chars of the displayed string) that matched.
 pub type MatchIndices = Vec<u32>;
+
+#[cfg(all(test, unix))]
+mod workspace_edit_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn aliases_are_one_edit_but_resource_operations_preserve_order() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let real = dir.path().join("main.cpp");
+        let alias = dir.path().join("alias.cpp");
+        std::fs::write(&real, "add()").unwrap();
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&real, &alias).unwrap();
+        let change = TextEdit { range: Range::new(Pos::new(0, 0), Pos::new(0, 3)), new_text: "sum_values".into() };
+        let edit = |path: PathBuf| FileEdit::Edit { path: path.into(), edits: vec![change.clone()], version: None };
+        let mut workspace = WorkspaceEdit {
+            files: vec![
+                edit(real.clone()),
+                edit(alias),
+                FileEdit::Create { path: dir.path().join("other").into(), overwrite: false },
+                edit(real),
+            ],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        workspace.deduplicate();
+        assert_eq!(workspace.files.len(), 3);
+        let FileEdit::Edit { edits, .. } = &workspace.files[0] else { panic!() };
+        assert_eq!(edits, &[change]);
+        let once = workspace.clone();
+        workspace.deduplicate();
+        assert_eq!(workspace, once);
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/tool_path.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+//! Where the IDE looks up the executables it runs: language servers, the tools
+//! their settings come from, installers. An app started from the desktop gets a
+//! minimal `PATH`, and version managers set theirs up in shell rc files.
+
+use crate::process::{host_var_os, login_env};
+use crate::version_managers;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+/// Where executables are looked up: this process's `PATH` (the login shell's in the
+/// app), the login shell's `PATH` as last read, then per-user directories and mise's,
+/// asdf's and pyenv's shims, for when the shell's setup didn't reach the app. Language server
+/// launchers, their settings hooks and tool detection all look here, so a settings
+/// hook finds the executable its server is launched from.
+pub fn search_path() -> OsString {
+    let home = std::env::var_os("HOME").or_else(|| std::env::var_os("USERPROFILE")).map(PathBuf::from);
+    let shell_path = login_env().and_then(|env| env.iter().find(|(k, _)| k == "PATH").map(|(_, v)| v.clone()));
+    let shims: Vec<PathBuf> = version_managers::managers().iter().map(|m| m.shims()).collect();
+    // The Windows user `PATH` may not reach a process started before it was set; append its
+    // entries after the inherited ones so missing user tools still resolve.
+    let user_path = crate::process::user_path();
+    let dirs = search_dirs(
+        host_var_os("PATH").as_deref(),
+        shell_path.as_deref(),
+        user_path.as_deref(),
+        home.as_deref(),
+        &shims,
+    );
+    std::env::join_paths(dirs).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+/// Resolves a command on the shared path, or an explicit path relative to `root`.
+pub fn find_command(command: &str, search: &OsStr, root: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let path = Path::new(command);
+    let explicit = path.parent().is_some_and(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty());
+    let pathext = host_var_os("PATHEXT");
+    let names = crate::process::executable_names(command, cfg!(windows), pathext.as_deref().and_then(OsStr::to_str));
+    let dirs = if explicit {
+        vec![root.to_path_buf()]
+    } else {
+        std::env::split_paths(search).filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty()).map(|p| root.join(p)).collect()
+    };
+    dirs.into_iter().find_map(|dir| names.iter().map(|name| dir.join(name)).find(|p| is_executable(p)))
+}
+
+fn is_executable(path: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Ok(metadata) = path.metadata() else { return false };
+    if !metadata.is_file() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        metadata.permissions().mode() & 0o111 != 0
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    true
+}
+
+/// [`search_path`]'s directories, in order and once each. Only absolute ones: a
+/// relative entry (`.`, `node_modules/.bin`) resolves against the project, which
+/// could then supply the tools the IDE runs. One that can't be joined (a `:` in a
+/// directory name) is left out rather than failing the whole path.
+fn search_dirs(
+    process_path: Option<&OsStr>,
+    shell_path: Option<&OsStr>,
+    user_path: Option<&OsStr>,
+    home: Option<&Path>,
+    shims: &[PathBuf],
+) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut dirs: Vec<PathBuf> =
+        process_path.into_iter().chain(shell_path).chain(user_path).flat_map(std::env::split_paths).collect();
+    if let Some(home) = home {
+        dirs.extend(USER_DIRS.iter().map(|d| home.join(d)));
+        dirs.extend(nvm_bins(&home.join(".nvm/versions/node")));
+    }
+    // Version managers' shims after real tool directories: a shim exists for a command any
+    // installed version has, and fails when the selected one lacks it. Before the system's,
+    // as the managers' shell setup puts them.
+    dirs.extend(home.map(|h| h.join(".pyenv/shims")));
+    dirs.extend(shims.iter().cloned());
+    dirs.extend(SYSTEM_DIRS.iter().map(PathBuf::from));
+    let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+    dirs.retain(|d| d.is_absolute() && std::env::join_paths([d]).is_ok() && seen.insert(d.clone()));
+    dirs
+}
+
+/// Tool directories below the home directory.
+const USER_DIRS: &[&str] = &[
+    ".cargo/bin",
+    ".local/bin",
+    "go/bin",
+    // `dotnet tool install --global` puts fsautocomplete, csharp-ls and friends here.
+    ".dotnet/tools",
+    ".bun/bin",
+    ".deno/bin",
+    ".npm-global/bin",
+    ".volta/bin",
+    // Set up in shell rc files: fnm's default Node and pnpm's global bin (Linux, then macOS).
+    ".local/share/fnm/aliases/default/bin",
+    "Library/Application Support/fnm/aliases/default/bin",
+    ".fnm/aliases/default/bin",
+    ".local/share/pnpm/bin",
+    ".local/share/pnpm",
+    "Library/pnpm/bin",
+    "Library/pnpm",
+];
+
+const SYSTEM_DIRS: &[&str] = &["/opt/homebrew/bin", "/usr/local/go/bin", "/usr/local/bin", "/usr/bin", "/bin"];
+
+/// Whether `dir` is one of the system's own bin directories, which [`search_path`] adds
+/// whatever `PATH` holds.
+pub fn is_system_dir(dir: &Path) -> bool {
+    SYSTEM_DIRS.iter().any(|d| Path::new(d) == dir)
+}
+
+/// The `bin` directories of nvm's Node versions in `dir`, newest first.
+fn nvm_bins(dir: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut versions: Vec<(Vec<u64>, PathBuf)> = std::fs::read_dir(dir)
+        .into_iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|e| (version_key(&e.file_name().to_string_lossy()), e.path().join("bin")))
+        .collect();
+    versions.sort();
+    versions.into_iter().rev().map(|(_, bin)| bin).collect()
+}
+
+/// `v22.10.1` as `[22, 10, 1]`: v22 is newer than v9, v20.10 newer than v20.9.
+fn version_key(name: &str) -> Vec<u64> {
+    name.trim_start_matches('v').split('.').map(|n| n.parse().unwrap_or(0)).collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn commands_resolve_on_path_and_explicit_paths_under_root() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let bin = dir.path().join("bin");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&bin).unwrap();
+        let name = if cfg!(windows) { "ngserver.cmd" } else { "ngserver" };
+        std::fs::write(bin.join(name), "").unwrap();
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            std::fs::set_permissions(bin.join(name), std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        }
+        let search = std::env::join_paths([&bin]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(find_command("ngserver", &search, dir.path()), Some(bin.join(name)));
+        assert_eq!(find_command("bin/ngserver", &search, dir.path()), Some(bin.join(name)));
+        assert_eq!(find_command(bin.join(name).to_str().unwrap(), &search, dir.path()), Some(bin.join(name)));
+        assert_eq!(find_command("absent", &search, dir.path()), None);
+        for command in ["bin/ngserver", bin.join(name).to_str().unwrap()] {
+            assert_eq!(find_command(command, OsStr::new(""), dir.path()), Some(bin.join(name)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn non_executable_files_do_not_shadow_commands() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dirs = [tmp.path().join("first"), tmp.path().join("second")];
+        for (dir, mode) in dirs.iter().zip([0o644, 0o755]) {
+            std::fs::create_dir(dir).unwrap();
+            let file = dir.join("ngserver");
+            std::fs::write(&file, "#!/bin/sh\n").unwrap();
+            std::fs::set_permissions(file, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(mode)).unwrap();
+        }
+        let path = std::env::join_paths(&dirs).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(find_command("ngserver", &path, tmp.path()), Some(dirs[1].join("ngserver")));
+        assert_eq!(find_command("first/ngserver", &path, tmp.path()), None);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn search_dirs_put_the_process_path_first_and_shims_after_real_tools() {
+        let shims = [PathBuf::from("/home/me/.local/share/mise/shims"), "/home/me/.asdf/shims".into()];
+        let dirs = search_dirs(
+            Some(OsStr::new("/usr/bin:.:node_modules/.bin:/opt/tools")),
+            // nushell prints `$PATH` as is.
+            Some(OsStr::new("$PATH:/opt/tools:/home/me/.asdf/shims")),
+            None,
+            Some(Path::new("/home/me")),
+            &shims,
+        );
+        let at = |d: &str| dirs.iter().position(|p| p == Path::new(d)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(dirs[..3], [PathBuf::from("/usr/bin"), "/opt/tools".into(), "/home/me/.asdf/shims".into()]);
+        assert!(at("/home/me/.npm-global/bin") < at("/home/me/.pyenv/shims"));
+        // Global .NET tools (fsautocomplete, csharp-ls) install here, off PATH.
+        assert!(at("/home/me/.dotnet/tools") < at("/usr/local/bin"));
+        assert!(at("/home/me/.local/share/mise/shims") < at("/usr/local/bin"));
+        assert!(dirs.iter().all(|d| d.is_absolute()));
+        let unique: HashSet<&PathBuf> = dirs.iter().collect();
+        assert_eq!(unique.len(), dirs.len());
+        // A `:` can't be in a `PATH` entry: those below such a home are left out.
+        let dirs = search_dirs(Some(OsStr::new("/usr/bin")), None, None, Some(Path::new("/home/a:b")), &[]);
+        assert!(dirs.contains(&PathBuf::from("/usr/bin")) && !dirs.iter().any(|d| d.starts_with("/home")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn search_dirs_append_user_path_entries_once_after_the_inherited_path() {
+        let (system, dup, usertool) =
+            if cfg!(windows) { ("C:/system", "C:/dup", "C:/usertool") } else { ("/system", "/dup", "/usertool") };
+        let home = Path::new(if cfg!(windows) { "C:/home/me" } else { "/home/me" });
+        let join = |dirs: &[&str]| std::env::join_paths(dirs.iter().map(PathBuf::from)).unwrap();
+        let inherited = join(&[system, dup]);
+        let user = join(&[dup, usertool]);
+        let dirs = search_dirs(Some(inherited.as_os_str()), None, Some(user.as_os_str()), Some(home), &[]);
+        let at = |d: &str| dirs.iter().position(|p| p == Path::new(d)).unwrap();
+        // User entries follow the inherited PATH, de-duplicated, ahead of the fallbacks.
+        assert_eq!(dirs.iter().filter(|d| *d == Path::new(dup)).count(), 1);
+        assert!(at(dup) < at(usertool));
+        // And before this platform's home/system fallbacks.
+        let fallback = dirs.iter().position(|d| d == &home.join(USER_DIRS[0])).unwrap();
+        assert!(at(usertool) < fallback);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn nvm_versions_newest_first() {
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("openidea-nvm-{}", std::process::id()));
+        for v in ["v9.11.2", "v20.9.0", "v22.1.0", "v20.10.0"] {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.join(v).join("bin")).unwrap();
+        }
+        let bins = nvm_bins(&dir);
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let names: Vec<_> = bins.iter().map(|b| b.parent().unwrap().file_name().unwrap().to_owned()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["v22.1.0", "v20.10.0", "v20.9.0", "v9.11.2"]);
+    }
+}

crates/ide-core/src/version_managers.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub enum Tool {
     Go,
     Maven,
     Gradle,
+    Ruby,
 }
 
 impl Tool {
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ impl Tool {
             Tool::Go => &["go", "golang"],
             Tool::Maven => &["maven"],
             Tool::Gradle => &["gradle"],
+            Tool::Ruby => &["ruby"],
         }
     }
 }

crates/ide-core/src/workflow_settings.rs

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ impl Default for VcsSettings {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct GitSettings {
+    /// Show blame after the current editor line.
+    pub inline_blame: bool,
     /// Path to the git executable; empty = auto-detect.
     pub executable: String,
     /// Default of Update Project: `merge` | `rebase`.
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ pub struct GitSettings {
 impl Default for GitSettings {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
+            inline_blame: false,
             executable: String::new(),
             update_method: "merge".into(),
             auto_update_on_push_rejected: false,

crates/ide-dap/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ edition.workspace = true
 license.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true
 ide-core.workspace = true
 ide-language.workspace = true
 ide-jsonrpc.workspace = true

crates/ide-dap/src/adapter.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 use ide_core::process::executable_names;
 use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult};
-use ide_language::{DebuggerConfig, LanguageRegistry};
+use ide_language::{DebuggerConfig, LanguageRegistry, ProgramPin};
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::pin::Pin;
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ pub struct AdapterSpec {
     /// `host:port` of an adapter inside another program (the Godot editor): connected to
     /// when it accepts, else `command` is started.
     pub connect: Option<String>,
+    /// A plugin language's adapter: start exactly this approved program.
+    pub pinned: Option<ProgramPin>,
 }
 
 /// Built-in adapters used when no language definition names `adapter`.
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ fn builtin(adapter: &str) -> Option<DebuggerConfig> {
         transport: transport.to_owned(),
         connect: None,
         install_hint: Some(hint.to_owned()),
+        pinned: None,
     };
     Some(match adapter {
         "codelldb" => cfg(
@@ -63,6 +66,12 @@ fn builtin(adapter: &str) -> Option<DebuggerConfig> {
             "tcp",
             "Install the CodeLLDB adapter (https://github.com/vadimcn/codelldb/releases) and put `codelldb` on PATH",
         ),
+        "kotlin-debug-adapter" => cfg(
+            "kotlin-debug-adapter",
+            &[],
+            "stdio",
+            "Install the Kotlin Debug Adapter from Settings > Language Servers",
+        ),
         "debugpy" => cfg("python3", &["-m", "debugpy.adapter"], "stdio", "pip install debugpy"),
         "js-debug" => cfg(
             "js-debug-adapter",
@@ -127,6 +136,7 @@ pub fn resolve(config: &DebuggerConfig, cwd: PathBuf) -> AdapterSpec {
         env: Vec::new(),
         server_host: None,
         connect: config.connect.clone(),
+        pinned: config.pinned.clone(),
     }
 }
 
@@ -342,8 +352,17 @@ pub struct AdapterIo {
     pub port: Option<u16>,
     /// Recent stderr lines of the adapter process, for error messages.
     pub stderr: Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
+    /// (category, line) printed by the debuggee when it shares the adapter's stdio.
+    pub program_output: Option<ProgramOutput>,
 }
 
+pub type ProgramOutput = tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<(&'static str, String)>;
+type ProgramSink = tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<(&'static str, String)>;
+
+/// Delve's debuggee inherits its stdio; no DAP output event carries what the program prints.
+const SHARES_STDIO: &str = "delve";
+const DELVE_BANNER: &str = "DAP server listening at:";
+
 pub type LaunchFuture = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = IdeResult<AdapterIo>> + Send>>;
 
 /// Starts adapters. Tests substitute in-memory adapters.
@@ -379,6 +398,7 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
                     child: None,
                     port: Some(port),
                     stderr,
+                    program_output: None,
                 });
             }
             let embedded = match spec.connect.as_deref().filter(|_| spec.transport == Transport::Tcp) {
@@ -401,6 +421,7 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
                     child: None,
                     port: Some(*port),
                     stderr,
+                    program_output: None,
                 });
             }
             if spec.adapter == DEBUGPY_TOOL {
@@ -409,12 +430,20 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
             if is_plugin_bundle(&spec.command) {
                 return Err(not_standalone(&spec));
             }
-            let (command, cwd) = (spec.command.clone(), spec.cwd.clone());
-            let binary = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || resolve_binary(&command, &cwd))
-                .await
-                .ok()
-                .flatten()
-                .ok_or_else(|| missing(&spec))?;
+            let binary = match spec.pinned.clone() {
+                Some(pin) => tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || pin.verify().map(Path::to_path_buf))
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?
+                    .map_err(|e| IdeError::new(ide_core::error::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, e))?,
+                None => {
+                    let (command, cwd) = (spec.command.clone(), spec.cwd.clone());
+                    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || resolve_binary(&command, &cwd))
+                        .await
+                        .ok()
+                        .flatten()
+                        .ok_or_else(|| missing(&spec))?
+                }
+            };
             let port = match spec.transport {
                 // An embedded adapter started without `${port}` listens on its usual address.
                 Transport::Tcp => match &embedded {
@@ -439,8 +468,14 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
                 .kill_on_drop(true);
             let mut child =
                 cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| IdeError::unavailable(format!("failed to start {}: {e}", binary.display())))?;
+            let (program_sink, program_output) = if spec.adapter == SHARES_STDIO {
+                let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+                (Some(tx), Some(rx))
+            } else {
+                (None, None)
+            };
             if let Some(err) = child.stderr.take() {
-                pump_lines(err, spec.adapter.clone(), stderr.clone());
+                pump_lines(err, spec.adapter.clone(), stderr.clone(), program_sink.clone().map(|tx| (tx, "stderr")));
             }
             match port {
                 None => {
@@ -452,11 +487,12 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
                         child: Some(child),
                         port: None,
                         stderr,
+                        program_output,
                     })
                 }
                 Some(port) => {
                     if let Some(out) = child.stdout.take() {
-                        pump_lines(out, spec.adapter.clone(), stderr.clone());
+                        pump_lines(out, spec.adapter.clone(), stderr.clone(), program_sink.map(|tx| (tx, "stdout")));
                     }
                     let timeout = if embedded.is_some() { EMBEDDED_START_TIMEOUT } else { CONNECT_TIMEOUT };
                     let stream = match connect_with_retries(LOOPBACK, port, Some(&mut child), timeout).await {
@@ -478,6 +514,7 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for ProcessLauncher {
                         child: Some(child),
                         port: Some(port),
                         stderr,
+                        program_output,
                     })
                 }
             }
@@ -489,9 +526,15 @@ fn pump_lines<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + 'static>(
     stream: R,
     name: String,
     sink: Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
+    program: Option<(ProgramSink, &'static str)>,
 ) {
     tokio::spawn(ide_jsonrpc::output::read_lines(stream, move |line| {
         tracing::debug!(target: "ide_dap::adapter", "[{name}] {line}");
+        if let Some((tx, category)) = &program
+            && !line.starts_with(DELVE_BANNER)
+        {
+            let _ = tx.send((category, format!("{line}\n")));
+        }
         push_line(&sink, line);
     }));
 }
@@ -543,6 +586,18 @@ async fn connect_with_retries(
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn program_output_is_forwarded_without_the_adapter_banner() {
+        let (tx, mut rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+        let sink = Arc::default();
+        let text: &[u8] = b"DAP server listening at: 127.0.0.1:1\n[hello two words]\nno newline";
+        pump_lines(text, "delve".into(), Arc::clone(&sink), Some((tx, "stdout")));
+        assert_eq!(rx.recv().await, Some(("stdout", "[hello two words]\n".into())));
+        assert_eq!(rx.recv().await, Some(("stdout", "no newline\n".into())));
+        assert_eq!(rx.recv().await, None);
+        assert_eq!(sink.lock().len(), 3);
+    }
+
     /// Managed tools win over `PATH`, and debugpy falls back to the private copy.
     #[cfg(unix)]
     #[tokio::test]

crates/ide-dap/src/kotlin.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+//! Package-aligned sources for fwcd's path-based class resolver. Never write into a project.
+use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult};
+use serde_json::Value;
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+pub const ADAPTER: &str = "kotlin-debug-adapter";
+
+pub struct SourceMirror {
+    dir: tempfile::TempDir,
+    paths: HashMap<PathBuf, PathBuf>,
+    copies: Vec<(PathBuf, PathBuf)>,
+    source_dir: PathBuf,
+    roots: HashMap<PathBuf, usize>,
+}
+
+impl SourceMirror {
+    pub fn create(project: &Path) -> IdeResult<Self> {
+        let base = fs::canonicalize(std::env::temp_dir())?;
+        // Check before creating anything, including when TMPDIR points into a project.
+        if base.starts_with(fs::canonicalize(project)?) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("Kotlin source mirror must be outside the project"));
+        }
+        let dir = tempfile::Builder::new().prefix("openidea-kotlin-").tempdir_in(base)?;
+        let source_dir = if project.join("src").is_dir() { project.join("src") } else { project.to_owned() };
+        let mut mirror = Self {
+            dir,
+            paths: HashMap::new(),
+            copies: Vec::new(),
+            source_dir: source_dir.clone(),
+            roots: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        mirror.scan(&source_dir)?;
+        Ok(mirror)
+    }
+
+    pub fn root(&self) -> &Path {
+        self.dir.path()
+    }
+
+    fn scan(&mut self, dir: &Path) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
+            let entry = entry?;
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let kind = entry.file_type()?;
+            if kind.is_dir() {
+                if !matches!(
+                    entry.file_name().to_str(),
+                    Some(".git" | ".gradle" | "build" | "target" | "node_modules" | ".idea" | ".openidea")
+                ) {
+                    self.scan(&path)?;
+                }
+            } else if matches!(path.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()), Some("kt" | "java")) {
+                self.add(&path)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, real: &Path) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        if self.paths.contains_key(real) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let Ok(text) = fs::read_to_string(real) else {
+            tracing::debug!("Kotlin debug mirror: skipping unreadable {}", real.display());
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let language = if real.extension().is_some_and(|e| e == "java") { "java" } else { "kotlin" };
+        let relative = real.strip_prefix(&self.source_dir).unwrap_or(real);
+        let mut components = relative.components();
+        let source_set = components.next().map(|c| PathBuf::from(c.as_os_str())).unwrap_or_default();
+        let next_root = self.roots.len();
+        let index = *self.roots.entry(source_set).or_insert(next_root);
+        let mut mirror = self.root().join(format!("root{index}")).join("src/main").join(language);
+        for part in package(&text).split('.').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) {
+            if part == ".." || part.contains(['/', '\\']) {
+                tracing::debug!("Kotlin debug mirror: skipping {} (invalid package)", real.display());
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            mirror.push(part);
+        }
+        mirror.push(real.file_name().ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Source has no filename"))?);
+        // Same package and file name in one source set (e.g. main and test of a module):
+        // the first wins; breakpoints in the other stay unverified instead of failing the session.
+        if self.paths.values().any(|p| p == &mirror) {
+            tracing::debug!("Kotlin debug mirror: skipping ambiguous {}", real.display());
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        fs::create_dir_all(mirror.parent().unwrap())?;
+        if link(real, &mirror).is_err() {
+            fs::copy(real, &mirror)?;
+            self.copies.push((real.to_owned(), mirror.clone()));
+        }
+        self.paths.insert(real.to_owned(), mirror);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn adapter_path(&self, real: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        self.paths.get(real).cloned()
+    }
+    pub fn client_path(&self, mirror: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        self.paths.iter().find_map(|(real, p)| (p == mirror).then(|| real.clone()))
+    }
+    pub fn refresh(&mut self) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        for (real, mirror) in &self.copies {
+            if real.is_file() {
+                fs::copy(real, mirror)?;
+            }
+        }
+        self.scan(&self.source_dir.clone())
+    }
+    pub fn translate(&self, value: &mut Value) {
+        match value {
+            Value::Object(obj) => {
+                if let Some(path) = obj.get("path").and_then(Value::as_str).and_then(|p| self.client_path(Path::new(p)))
+                {
+                    obj.insert("path".into(), Value::String(path.to_string_lossy().into_owned()));
+                }
+                for child in obj.values_mut() {
+                    self.translate(child);
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Array(items) => {
+                for child in items {
+                    self.translate(child);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn link(real: &Path, mirror: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    std::os::unix::fs::symlink(real, mirror)
+}
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn link(real: &Path, mirror: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    std::os::windows::fs::symlink_file(real, mirror)
+}
+
+// Remove comments before reading the package directive (including nested Kotlin block comments).
+fn package(text: &str) -> String {
+    let mut clean = String::new();
+    let mut chars = text.chars().peekable();
+    let mut depth = 0;
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        if c == '/' && chars.peek() == Some(&'*') {
+            chars.next();
+            depth += 1;
+            clean.push(' ');
+        } else if depth > 0 && c == '*' && chars.peek() == Some(&'/') {
+            chars.next();
+            depth -= 1;
+        } else if depth == 0 && c == '/' && chars.peek() == Some(&'/') {
+            for c in chars.by_ref() {
+                if c == '\n' {
+                    clean.push('\n');
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if depth == 0 {
+            clean.push(c);
+        }
+    }
+    clean
+        .lines()
+        .find_map(|line| {
+            let rest = line.trim().strip_prefix("package")?;
+            if !rest.starts_with(char::is_whitespace) {
+                return None;
+            }
+            Some(rest.split(';').next().unwrap_or_default().trim().replace('`', ""))
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn external_mirror_round_trip_and_cleanup() {
+        let project = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let real = project.path().join("Main.kt");
+        fs::write(&real, "/* package wrong */\npackage org.example\nfun main() {}\n").unwrap();
+        let mirror = SourceMirror::create(project.path()).unwrap();
+        let path = mirror.adapter_path(&real).unwrap();
+        assert!(!path.starts_with(project.path()));
+        assert!(path.ends_with("src/main/kotlin/org/example/Main.kt"));
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap(), fs::read_to_string(&real).unwrap());
+        let mut payload =
+            serde_json::json!({"stackFrames": [{"source": {"path": path}, "line": 6}], "source": {"path": path}});
+        mirror.translate(&mut payload);
+        assert_eq!(payload["stackFrames"][0]["source"]["path"], real.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
+        assert_eq!(payload["source"]["path"], real.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
+        let root = mirror.root().to_owned();
+        drop(mirror);
+        assert!(!root.exists());
+        assert!(real.exists());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn copies_refresh_after_save() {
+        let project = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let real = project.path().join("Main.java");
+        fs::write(&real, "package example;\nclass Main {}\n").unwrap();
+        let mut mirror = SourceMirror::create(project.path()).unwrap();
+        let path = mirror.adapter_path(&real).unwrap();
+        fs::remove_file(&path).unwrap();
+        fs::copy(&real, &path).unwrap();
+        mirror.copies.push((real.clone(), path.clone()));
+        fs::write(&real, "package example;\nclass Main { int i; }\n").unwrap();
+        mirror.refresh().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(fs::read(&path).unwrap(), fs::read(&real).unwrap());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-dap/src/kotlin_jdwp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+//! Keep a suspended JVM stopped until Kotlin's adapter has installed its listeners.
+//! The official 0.4.4 adapter resumes VMStart while constructing its debuggee, before
+//! installing breakpoint hooks. DAP attach completes only after those hooks exist.
+use ide_core::IdeResult;
+use std::{io, time::Duration};
+use tokio::{
+    io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt},
+    net::{TcpListener, TcpStream},
+    sync::oneshot,
+    task::JoinHandle,
+};
+
+pub(crate) struct StartupRelay {
+    release: Option<oneshot::Sender<()>>,
+    task: JoinHandle<()>,
+}
+
+impl StartupRelay {
+    pub async fn start(host: String, port: u16) -> IdeResult<(Self, u16)> {
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", 0)).await?;
+        let local = listener.local_addr()?.port();
+        let (release, ready) = oneshot::channel();
+        let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let connect = async {
+                let (adapter, _) = listener.accept().await?;
+                let jvm = TcpStream::connect((host.as_str(), port)).await?;
+                adapter.set_nodelay(true)?;
+                jvm.set_nodelay(true)?;
+                Ok::<_, io::Error>((adapter, jvm))
+            };
+            if let Ok(Ok((adapter, jvm))) = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(60), connect).await {
+                let (mut ar, mut aw) = adapter.into_split();
+                let (mut jr, mut jw) = jvm.into_split();
+                let upstream = forward(&mut ar, &mut jw, ready);
+                let downstream = tokio::io::copy(&mut jr, &mut aw);
+                // Close both sockets as soon as either side disconnects.
+                tokio::select! {
+                    r = upstream => if let Err(e) = r { tracing::debug!("Kotlin JDWP relay: {e}"); },
+                    _ = downstream => {},
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        Ok((Self { release: Some(release), task }, local))
+    }
+
+    pub fn release(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(ready) = self.release.take() {
+            let _ = ready.send(());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for StartupRelay {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.task.abort();
+    }
+}
+
+async fn packet(reader: &mut (impl AsyncRead + Unpin)) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut header = [0; 11];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut header).await?;
+    let len = u32::from_be_bytes(header[..4].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+    if !(11..=16 * 1024 * 1024).contains(&len) {
+        return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid JDWP packet length"));
+    }
+    let mut packet = vec![0; len];
+    packet[..11].copy_from_slice(&header);
+    reader.read_exact(&mut packet[11..]).await?;
+    Ok(packet)
+}
+
+async fn forward(
+    reader: &mut (impl AsyncRead + Unpin),
+    writer: &mut (impl AsyncWrite + Unpin),
+    mut ready: oneshot::Receiver<()>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let mut handshake = [0; 14];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut handshake).await?;
+    if &handshake != b"JDWP-Handshake" {
+        return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid JDWP handshake"));
+    }
+    writer.write_all(&handshake).await?;
+    let mut released = false;
+    let mut held: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        // Retain the in-flight read when attach completes, including partial packets.
+        let read = packet(reader);
+        tokio::pin!(read);
+        let packet = tokio::select! {
+            result = &mut read => result?,
+            result = &mut ready, if !released => {
+                result.map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted, "Kotlin attach cancelled"))?;
+                released = true;
+                for packet in held.drain(..) {
+                    writer.write_all(&packet).await?;
+                }
+                read.await?
+            }
+        };
+        // JDWP VirtualMachine.Resume (1/9), ThreadReference.Resume (11/3).
+        // Other commands must proceed: attach itself queries threads and installs requests.
+        if !released && packet[8] == 0 && matches!((packet[9], packet[10]), (1, 9) | (11, 3)) {
+            if held.len() >= 1024 {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Too many pending JDWP resumes"));
+            }
+            held.push(packet);
+        } else {
+            writer.write_all(&packet).await?;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn command(id: u8, set: u8, cmd: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+        vec![0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, id, 0, set, cmd]
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn holds_resumes_but_allows_setup_and_preserves_partial_reads() {
+        let (mut adapter, mut reader) = tokio::io::duplex(4096);
+        let (mut writer, mut jvm) = tokio::io::duplex(4096);
+        let (release, ready) = oneshot::channel();
+        let task = tokio::spawn(async move { forward(&mut reader, &mut writer, ready).await });
+        adapter.write_all(b"JDWP-Handshake").await.unwrap();
+        let mut handshake = [0; 14];
+        jvm.read_exact(&mut handshake).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&handshake, b"JDWP-Handshake");
+        let resume = command(1, 1, 9);
+        let thread_resume = command(2, 11, 3);
+        let setup = command(3, 1, 4);
+        adapter.write_all(&resume).await.unwrap();
+        adapter.write_all(&thread_resume).await.unwrap();
+        adapter.write_all(&setup).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(packet(&mut jvm).await.unwrap(), setup);
+        let next = command(4, 1, 9);
+        adapter.write_all(&next[..6]).await.unwrap();
+        release.send(()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(packet(&mut jvm).await.unwrap(), resume);
+        assert_eq!(packet(&mut jvm).await.unwrap(), thread_resume);
+        adapter.write_all(&next[6..]).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(packet(&mut jvm).await.unwrap(), next);
+        drop(adapter);
+        assert!(task.await.unwrap().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn dropping_session_closes_relay() {
+        let (relay, port) = StartupRelay::start("127.0.0.1".into(), 1).await.unwrap();
+        let mut adapter = TcpStream::connect(("127.0.0.1", port)).await.unwrap();
+        drop(relay);
+        let result = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(1), adapter.read_u8()).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn rejects_invalid_packet_lengths() {
+        for len in [0_u32, 10, 16 * 1024 * 1024 + 1] {
+            let mut bytes = command(1, 1, 9);
+            bytes[..4].copy_from_slice(&len.to_be_bytes());
+            assert_eq!(packet(&mut bytes.as_slice()).await.unwrap_err().kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidData);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ide-dap/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ pub mod attach;
 mod cargo;
 pub mod connection;
 pub mod jdwp;
+pub mod kotlin;
+mod kotlin_jdwp;
 mod session;
 
 use adapter::{AdapterLauncher, AdapterSpec, ProcessLauncher};
@@ -210,6 +212,19 @@ pub struct Variable {
     pub evaluate_name: Option<String>,
 }
 
+/// A completion the adapter offers for an expression (DAP `completions`).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct DebugCompletion {
+    pub label: String,
+    /// What to insert, when it differs from `label`.
+    pub text: Option<String>,
+    /// DAP item type: `method`, `field`, `variable`, `class`, `keyword`, …
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub detail: Option<String>,
+    pub sort_text: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum StepKind {
@@ -563,6 +578,14 @@ impl DebugManager {
         let dbg = adapter::find_config(&self.languages, &config.adapter)
             .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::unavailable(format!("unknown debug adapter `{}`", config.adapter)))?;
         let mut spec = adapter::resolve(&dbg, cwd.clone());
+        if config.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER
+            && let Some(home) = arguments
+                .as_object_mut()
+                .and_then(|o| o.remove("__adapterJavaHome"))
+                .and_then(|v| v.as_str().map(str::to_owned))
+        {
+            spec.env.push(("JAVA_HOME".into(), home));
+        }
         if let Some(command) = custom_command(&spec.command) {
             spec.command = command;
         }
@@ -687,6 +710,14 @@ impl DebugManager {
         };
         let session =
             Arc::new(Session::new(id, owner, name, adapter_name, parent, request, conn, spec, io.port, io.child));
+        if let Some(mut output) = io.program_output {
+            let session = session.clone();
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                while let Some((category, output)) = output.recv().await {
+                    session.emit(ide_core::event::DebugEvent::Output { category: category.into(), output });
+                }
+            });
+        }
         self.sessions.lock().insert(id, session.clone());
         self.order.lock().push(id);
         // Announced before the event loop runs, so it precedes every adapter event.
@@ -722,7 +753,19 @@ impl DebugManager {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn configure(&self, s: &Arc<Session>, arguments: Value) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    async fn configure(&self, s: &Arc<Session>, mut arguments: Value) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER {
+            let project = arguments
+                .get("projectRoot")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .map(PathBuf::from)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| s.spec.cwd.clone());
+            let mirror = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || kotlin::SourceMirror::create(&project))
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))??;
+            arguments["projectRoot"] = json!(mirror.root());
+            *s.kotlin_mirror.lock() = Some(mirror);
+        }
         let caps = s
             .conn
             .request_timeout(
@@ -749,8 +792,32 @@ impl DebugManager {
             .await?;
         *s.caps.lock() = if caps.is_object() { caps } else { json!({}) };
 
+        // The Kotlin adapter ignores the resolved classpath and project runtime on launch.
+        let request = if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER && s.request == "launch" {
+            session::start_kotlin_debuggee(s, &mut arguments).await?;
+            "attach"
+        } else {
+            &s.request
+        };
+        if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER {
+            let host = arguments
+                .get("hostName")
+                .and_then(Value::as_str)
+                .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Missing Kotlin JDWP host"))?
+                .to_owned();
+            let port = arguments
+                .get("port")
+                .and_then(Value::as_u64)
+                .and_then(|p| u16::try_from(p).ok())
+                .filter(|p| *p != 0)
+                .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Invalid Kotlin JDWP port"))?;
+            let (relay, port) = kotlin_jdwp::StartupRelay::start(host, port).await?;
+            *s.kotlin_relay.lock() = Some(relay);
+            arguments["hostName"] = json!("127.0.0.1");
+            arguments["port"] = json!(port);
+        }
         // Many adapters answer `launch` only after `configurationDone`, so don't wait for it yet.
-        let launch = s.conn.send_request(&s.request, arguments)?;
+        let launch = s.conn.send_request(request, arguments)?;
         let mut launch = Box::pin(async move { launch.await.unwrap_or(Err(DapError::Closed)) });
         let mut initialized = s.initialized.subscribe();
         let mut launch_result = None;
@@ -780,6 +847,7 @@ impl DebugManager {
                         s.emit(ide_core::event::DebugEvent::BreakpointsChanged { path: path.into() });
                     }
                 }
+                Err(e) if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER => return Err(e.into()),
                 Err(e) => tracing::debug!("setBreakpoints for {} failed: {e}", path.display()),
             }
         }
@@ -802,7 +870,11 @@ impl DebugManager {
             let _ = self.send_exception_breakpoints(s).await;
         }
         if s.supports("supportsConfigurationDoneRequest") {
-            s.conn.request_timeout("configurationDone", Value::Null, REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
+            if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER {
+                drop(s.conn.send_request("configurationDone", json!({}))?);
+            } else {
+                s.conn.request_timeout("configurationDone", Value::Null, REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
+            }
         }
         s.configured.store(true, Ordering::Release);
         if launch_result.is_none() {
@@ -813,6 +885,9 @@ impl DebugManager {
                 Err(_) => return Err(DapError::Timeout(s.request.clone()).into()),
             }
         }
+        if let Some(relay) = s.kotlin_relay.lock().as_mut() {
+            relay.release();
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -869,6 +944,7 @@ impl DebugManager {
                 Ok(states) => {
                     result.get_or_insert(states);
                 }
+                Err(e) if s.adapter == kotlin::ADAPTER => return Err(e.into()),
                 Err(e) => tracing::debug!("setBreakpoints on session {} failed: {e}", s.id.0),
             }
         }
@@ -886,6 +962,23 @@ impl DebugManager {
         Ok(states)
     }
 
+    /// Refresh fallback copies after an editor save.
+    pub async fn refresh_source_mirrors(&self, owner: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let sessions: Vec<_> = self.sessions.lock().values().filter(|s| s.owner.key == owner).cloned().collect();
+        tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            for s in sessions {
+                if let Some(mirror) = s.kotlin_mirror.lock().as_mut()
+                    && let Err(e) = mirror.refresh()
+                {
+                    tracing::warn!("Could not refresh Kotlin debug sources: {e}");
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?
+    }
+
     /// Last known verification states of a file's breakpoints (after `BreakpointsChanged`).
     pub fn breakpoint_states(&self, path: &Path) -> Vec<BreakpointState> {
         self.states.lock().get(path).cloned().unwrap_or_default()
@@ -1077,6 +1170,47 @@ impl DebugManager {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Completions for `text` at `line` / `column` (0-based, UTF-16) in the frame's scope; none
+    /// when the adapter doesn't offer them.
+    pub async fn completions(
+        &self,
+        s: DebugSessionId,
+        frame_id: Option<i64>,
+        text: String,
+        line: u32,
+        column: u32,
+    ) -> IdeResult<Vec<DebugCompletion>> {
+        let session = self.session(s)?;
+        if !session.supports("supportsCompletionsRequest") {
+            return Ok(Vec::new());
+        }
+        let mut args = json!({ "text": text, "line": line + 1, "column": column + 1 });
+        if let Some(f) = frame_id {
+            args["frameId"] = f.into();
+        }
+        let body = session.conn.request_timeout("completions", args, REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
+        let text =
+            |v: &Value, key: &str| v.get(key).and_then(Value::as_str).filter(|t| !t.is_empty()).map(str::to_owned);
+        Ok(body
+            .get("targets")
+            .and_then(Value::as_array)
+            .map(|targets| {
+                targets
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|t| {
+                        Some(DebugCompletion {
+                            label: text(t, "label")?,
+                            text: text(t, "text"),
+                            kind: text(t, "type"),
+                            detail: text(t, "detail"),
+                            sort_text: text(t, "sortText"),
+                        })
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default())
+    }
+
     pub async fn resume(&self, s: DebugSessionId, thread_id: i64) -> IdeResult<()> {
         let session = self.session(s)?;
         let body = session.conn.request_timeout("continue", json!({ "threadId": thread_id }), REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
@@ -1309,6 +1443,16 @@ impl DebugManager {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Stops every session `key` started: the window that opened the project is closing.
+    pub async fn stop_key(&self, key: &str) {
+        let ids: Vec<DebugSessionId> = self.sessions(Some(key)).into_iter().map(|s| s.id).collect();
+        for id in ids {
+            if let Err(e) = self.stop(id).await {
+                tracing::debug!("debug session {id:?} did not stop: {e}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Stops a session and its child sessions.
     pub async fn stop(&self, s: DebugSessionId) -> IdeResult<()> {
         let session = self.session(s)?;

crates/ide-dap/src/session.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Session {
     /// Resolved path → the path as the IDE knows it, for adapters given resolved paths.
     resolved_paths: Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, PathBuf>>,
     progress: Mutex<HashMap<String, TaskId>>,
+    pub kotlin_relay: Mutex<Option<crate::kotlin_jdwp::StartupRelay>>,
+    pub kotlin_mirror: Mutex<Option<crate::kotlin::SourceMirror>>,
 }
 
 /// Adapters that only match files by their resolved path: Godot maps a script to
@@ -95,6 +97,8 @@ impl Session {
             breakpoint_ids: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
             resolved_paths: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
             progress: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
+            kotlin_relay: Mutex::new(None),
+            kotlin_mirror: Mutex::new(None),
         }
     }
 
@@ -104,6 +108,14 @@ impl Session {
 
     /// `path` as sent to the adapter (resolved for [`RESOLVES_PATHS`] adapters).
     pub fn adapter_path(&self, path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+        if let Some(path) = self.kotlin_mirror.lock().as_ref().and_then(|m| m.adapter_path(path)) {
+            return path;
+        }
+        if self.adapter == "java-debug" {
+            let native = java_source_path(&path.to_string_lossy());
+            self.resolved_paths.lock().insert(native.clone(), path.to_path_buf());
+            return native;
+        }
         if !RESOLVES_PATHS.contains(&self.adapter.as_str()) {
             return path.to_path_buf();
         }
@@ -118,7 +130,14 @@ impl Session {
 
     /// A path from the adapter as the IDE knows it (undoes [`Session::adapter_path`]).
     pub fn client_path(&self, path: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-        self.resolved_paths.lock().get(Path::new(path)).cloned()
+        if let Some(real) = self.kotlin_mirror.lock().as_ref().and_then(|m| m.client_path(Path::new(path))) {
+            return Some(real);
+        }
+        let key = if self.adapter == "java-debug" { java_source_path(path) } else { PathBuf::from(path) };
+        self.resolved_paths.lock().get(&key).cloned().or_else(|| {
+            (self.adapter == "java-debug" && is_windows_source_path(path))
+                .then(|| PathBuf::from(path.replace('\\', "/")))
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn supports(&self, cap: &str) -> bool {
@@ -236,6 +255,7 @@ impl Session {
 
     /// Kills the adapter and every debuggee we started.
     pub fn kill_processes(&self) {
+        self.kotlin_relay.lock().take();
         if let Some(mut c) = self.adapter_process.lock().take() {
             let _ = c.start_kill();
         }
@@ -245,6 +265,19 @@ impl Session {
     }
 }
 
+// java-debug treats a forward-slash drive path as a URI (scheme "C").
+// Keep DAP path mode, but use native Windows separators for Java source lookup.
+fn is_windows_source_path(path: &str) -> bool {
+    let bytes = path.as_bytes();
+    (bytes.len() >= 3 && bytes[0].is_ascii_alphabetic() && bytes[1] == b':' && matches!(bytes[2], b'/' | b'\\'))
+        || path.starts_with("//")
+        || path.starts_with(r"\\")
+}
+
+fn java_source_path(path: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    if is_windows_source_path(path) { PathBuf::from(path.replace('/', r"\")) } else { PathBuf::from(path) }
+}
+
 fn with_conditions(v: &mut Value, condition: Option<&str>, hit_condition: Option<&str>) {
     if let Some(c) = condition.filter(|c| !c.trim().is_empty()) {
         v["condition"] = c.into();
@@ -297,7 +330,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn event_loop(
     }
 }
 
-async fn on_event(mgr: &Arc<DebugManager>, s: &Arc<Session>, event: &str, body: Value) {
+async fn on_event(mgr: &Arc<DebugManager>, s: &Arc<Session>, event: &str, mut body: Value) {
+    if let Some(mirror) = s.kotlin_mirror.lock().as_ref() {
+        mirror.translate(&mut body);
+    }
     let int = |k: &str| body.get(k).and_then(Value::as_i64);
     let str_ = |k: &str| body.get(k).and_then(Value::as_str).map(str::to_owned);
     match event {
@@ -369,7 +405,7 @@ async fn on_event(mgr: &Arc<DebugManager>, s: &Arc<Session>, event: &str, body:
                 let mut progress = s.progress.lock();
                 let id =
                     if done { progress.remove(&pid) } else { Some(*progress.entry(pid).or_insert_with(TaskId::next)) };
-                (id, str_("title").unwrap_or_else(|| s.name.clone()))
+                (id, str_("title").map(|t| ide_core::task::display_title(&t)).unwrap_or_else(|| s.name.clone()))
             };
             let Some(id) = id else { return };
             s.owner.sink.emit(IdeEvent::Task {
@@ -486,3 +522,74 @@ fn forward_output<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + 'static>(s: &Session, mut stream
         }
     });
 }
+
+/// Launch with the IDE's resolved runtime and classpath; the adapter only attaches.
+pub(crate) async fn start_kotlin_debuggee(s: &Arc<Session>, args: &mut Value) -> ide_core::IdeResult<()> {
+    use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};
+    let port = crate::adapter::free_port()?;
+    let java = args.get("javaExec").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("java");
+    let strings = |key: &str| -> Vec<String> {
+        args.get(key)
+            .and_then(Value::as_array)
+            .map(|a| a.iter().filter_map(Value::as_str).map(str::to_owned).collect())
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    };
+    let classpath =
+        std::env::join_paths(strings("classPaths")).map_err(|e| ide_core::IdeError::invalid(e.to_string()))?;
+    let mut cmd = tokio::process::Command::new(java);
+    ide_core::process::prepare(cmd.as_std_mut());
+    cmd.args(strings("vmArguments"))
+        .arg(format!("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=127.0.0.1:{port}"))
+        .arg("-cp")
+        .arg(classpath);
+    let modules = strings("modulePaths");
+    if !modules.is_empty() {
+        cmd.arg("--module-path")
+            .arg(std::env::join_paths(modules).map_err(|e| ide_core::IdeError::invalid(e.to_string()))?);
+    }
+    cmd.arg(
+        args.get("mainClass")
+            .and_then(Value::as_str)
+            .ok_or_else(|| ide_core::IdeError::invalid("Missing Kotlin main class"))?,
+    )
+    .args(strings("programArgs"))
+    .current_dir(&s.spec.cwd)
+    .envs(ide_core::process::shell_env())
+    .stdin(Stdio::null())
+    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+    .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+    .kill_on_drop(true);
+    if let Some(env) = args.get("env").and_then(Value::as_object) {
+        for (k, v) in env {
+            if let Some(v) = v.as_str() {
+                cmd.env(k, v);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut child = cmd.spawn()?;
+    if let Some(err) = child.stderr.take() {
+        forward_output(s, err, "stderr");
+    }
+    let mut stdout =
+        BufReader::new(child.stdout.take().ok_or_else(|| ide_core::IdeError::internal("Missing JVM stdout"))?);
+    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(15), async {
+        loop {
+            let mut line = String::new();
+            if stdout.read_line(&mut line).await? == 0 {
+                return Err(ide_core::IdeError::unavailable("JVM exited before starting its debug listener"));
+            }
+            if line.contains("Listening for transport dt_socket") {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            s.emit(DebugEvent::Output { category: "stdout".into(), output: line });
+        }
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| ide_core::IdeError::unavailable("JVM did not start its debug listener"))??;
+    forward_output(s, stdout, "stdout");
+    s.debuggees.lock().push(child);
+    args["hostName"] = json!("127.0.0.1");
+    args["port"] = json!(port);
+    args["timeout"] = json!(10000);
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/ide-dap/src/tests.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ struct Script {
     run_in_terminal: Option<Vec<String>>,
     /// Send a `startDebugging` reverse request (child session) when a non-child `launch` arrives.
     start_debugging: bool,
+    ignore_configuration_done: bool,
+    source_path: Option<String>,
 }
 
 struct FakeLauncher {
@@ -30,7 +32,14 @@ impl AdapterLauncher for FakeLauncher {
         tokio::spawn(fake_adapter(server, log, script));
         let (r, w) = tokio::io::split(client);
         Box::pin(async move {
-            Ok(AdapterIo { reader: Box::new(r), writer: Box::new(w), child: None, port: None, stderr: Arc::default() })
+            Ok(AdapterIo {
+                reader: Box::new(r),
+                writer: Box::new(w),
+                child: None,
+                port: None,
+                stderr: Arc::default(),
+                program_output: None,
+            })
         })
     }
 }
@@ -64,6 +73,7 @@ async fn fake_adapter<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static>(stream
                 msg,
                 json!({
                     "supportsConfigurationDoneRequest": true,
+                    "supportsCompletionsRequest": true,
                     "supportsTerminateRequest": true,
                     "supportsSetVariable": true,
                     "supportsFunctionBreakpoints": true,
@@ -130,7 +140,9 @@ async fn fake_adapter<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static>(stream
                 ok!(msg, json!({"value": format!("{}!", msg["arguments"]["value"].as_str().unwrap()), "type": "int"}))
             }
             "configurationDone" => {
-                ok!(msg, Value::Null);
+                if !script.ignore_configuration_done {
+                    ok!(msg, Value::Null);
+                }
                 if let Some(l) = pending_launch.take() {
                     send!(json!({"type": "response", "request_seq": l, "command": "launch", "success": true}));
                 }
@@ -139,14 +151,14 @@ async fn fake_adapter<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static>(stream
                     json!({"type": "event", "event": "stopped", "body": {"reason": "breakpoint", "threadId": 1, "allThreadsStopped": true}})
                 );
                 send!(
-                    json!({"type": "event", "event": "breakpoint", "body": {"reason": "changed", "breakpoint": {"id": 1, "verified": false, "message": "moved", "line": 9}}})
+                    json!({"type": "event", "event": "breakpoint", "body": {"reason": "changed", "breakpoint": {"id": 1, "verified": false, "message": "moved", "line": 9, "source": {"path": script.source_path}}}})
                 );
             }
             "threads" => ok!(msg, json!({"threads": [{"id": 1, "name": "MainThread"}]})),
             "stackTrace" => ok!(
                 msg,
                 json!({"stackFrames": [
-                    {"id": 10, "name": "main", "line": 5, "column": 3, "source": {"path": "/p/a.py"}},
+                    {"id": 10, "name": "main", "line": 5, "column": 3, "source": {"path": script.source_path.as_deref().unwrap_or("/p/a.py")}},
                     {"id": 11, "name": "lib", "line": 1, "column": 1, "source": {"path": "/usr/lib/x.py", "presentationHint": "deemphasize"}},
                 ]})
             ),
@@ -161,6 +173,14 @@ async fn fake_adapter<S: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static>(stream
                 ]})
             ),
             "evaluate" => ok!(msg, json!({"result": "42", "type": "int", "variablesReference": 0})),
+            "completions" => ok!(
+                msg,
+                json!({"targets": [
+                    {"label": "getName()", "text": "getName", "type": "method", "detail": "String"},
+                    {"label": "name", "type": "field"},
+                    {"label": ""},
+                ]})
+            ),
             "continue" => {
                 ok!(msg, json!({"allThreadsContinued": true}));
                 send!(json!({"type": "event", "event": "exited", "body": {"exitCode": 3}}));
@@ -357,6 +377,14 @@ async fn full_protocol_flow() {
     let eval = h.request("evaluate");
     assert_eq!(eval["arguments"]["context"], "watch");
     assert_eq!(eval["arguments"]["frameId"], 10);
+    let items = h.manager.completions(id, Some(10), "req.na".into(), 0, 6).await.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        items.iter().map(|c| (c.label.as_str(), c.text.as_deref(), c.kind.as_deref())).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        [("getName()", Some("getName"), Some("method")), ("name", None, Some("field"))]
+    );
+    let asked = h.request("completions");
+    assert_eq!((asked["arguments"]["line"].clone(), asked["arguments"]["column"].clone()), (json!(1), json!(7)));
+    assert_eq!(asked["arguments"]["frameId"], 10);
 
     // Live breakpoint updates reach the session.
     let states = h.manager.set_breakpoints(path.clone(), vec![bp(0)]).await.unwrap();
@@ -894,6 +922,7 @@ fn godot_registry(port: u16, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Arc<LanguageRegist
         indent: None,
         ui_mode: None,
         framework_ui_modes: Vec::new(),
+        formatter: None,
         tree_sitter: None,
         language_servers: vec![],
         debugger: Some(ide_language::DebuggerConfig {
@@ -903,6 +932,7 @@ fn godot_registry(port: u16, command: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Arc<LanguageRegist
             transport: "tcp".into(),
             connect: Some(format!("127.0.0.1:{port}")),
             install_hint: Some("Open the project in the Godot editor".into()),
+            pinned: None,
         }),
     };
     Arc::new(LanguageRegistry::from_configs(vec![lang]))
@@ -1016,3 +1046,177 @@ fn root_and_address_placeholders() {
     assert_eq!(adapter::parse_address("[::1]:6006"), Some(("::1".into(), 6006)));
     assert_eq!(adapter::parse_address("6006"), None);
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn kotlin_configures_without_configuration_done_response() {
+    let h = harness(Script { ignore_configuration_done: true, ..Default::default() });
+    let project = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let path = project.path().join("Main.kt");
+    std::fs::write(&path, "package org.example\nfun main() {}\n").unwrap();
+    h.manager.set_breakpoints(path.clone(), vec![bp(1)]).await.unwrap();
+    let mut config = config();
+    config.adapter = kotlin::ADAPTER.into();
+    config.request = "attach".into();
+    config.cwd = Some(project.path().to_owned().into());
+    config.extra_json = Some(json!({"projectRoot": project.path(), "hostName": "127.0.0.1", "port": 5005}).to_string());
+    let id = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), h.start(config)).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+    let root = PathBuf::from(h.request("attach")["arguments"]["projectRoot"].as_str().unwrap());
+    assert!(!root.starts_with(project.path()));
+    let request = h.request("setBreakpoints");
+    assert_eq!(request["arguments"]["source"]["name"], "Main.kt");
+    let mapped = PathBuf::from(request["arguments"]["source"]["path"].as_str().unwrap());
+    assert!(mapped.starts_with(&root));
+    assert!(mapped.is_file());
+    assert_eq!(h.manager.session(id).unwrap().client_path(mapped.to_str().unwrap()), Some(path));
+    h.manager.stop(id).await.unwrap();
+}
+
+/// Requires a compiled no-delay reporter fixture (Main.kt, package org.example,
+/// loop at line 5, println(i) at line 6), and the unmodified official adapter.
+/// KOTLIN_PROBE_CONFIG is a LaunchConfig JSON file; KOTLIN_PROBE_ADAPTER is its executable.
+#[tokio::test]
+#[ignore = "requires official Kotlin adapter and compiled reporter fixture"]
+async fn kotlin_official_release_ten_no_delay_runs() {
+    let config: LaunchConfig = serde_json::from_slice(
+        &std::fs::read(std::env::var("KOTLIN_PROBE_CONFIG").expect("KOTLIN_PROBE_CONFIG")).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let adapter = std::env::var("KOTLIN_PROBE_ADAPTER").expect("KOTLIN_PROBE_ADAPTER");
+    let source = PathBuf::from(config.cwd.clone().unwrap()).join("src/main/kotlin/Main.kt");
+    for run in 1..=10 {
+        let (owner, events) = recording_owner("kotlin-probe");
+        let manager = DebugManager::new(Arc::new(LanguageRegistry::from_configs(Vec::new())));
+        let h = Harness { manager, owner, events, log: Arc::default() };
+        h.manager.set_breakpoints(source.clone(), vec![bp(5)]).await.unwrap();
+        let id = h.manager.start_with(config.clone(), h.owner.clone(), |_| Some(adapter.clone())).await.unwrap();
+        let stopped = h.wait_event(|e| matches!(e, DebugEvent::Stopped { reason, .. } if reason == "breakpoint")).await;
+        let DebugEvent::Stopped { thread_id, .. } = stopped else { unreachable!() };
+        let frames = h.manager.stack_trace(id, thread_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(frames[0].line, 5);
+        assert_eq!(frames[0].path.as_deref(), Some(source.as_path()));
+        let scopes = h.manager.scopes(id, frames[0].id).await.unwrap();
+        let mut variables = Vec::new();
+        for scope in scopes {
+            variables.extend(h.manager.variables(id, scope.variables_reference).await.unwrap());
+        }
+        assert!(variables.iter().any(|v| v.name == "i" && v.value == "0"));
+        h.manager.step(id, thread_id, StepKind::Over).await.unwrap();
+        h.wait_event(|e| matches!(e, DebugEvent::Stopped { reason, .. } if reason == "step")).await;
+        let frames = h.manager.stack_trace(id, thread_id).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(frames[0].line, 4);
+        h.manager.stop(id).await.unwrap();
+        println!("Run {run}/10: breakpoint Main.kt:6, i=0, step Main.kt:5; stopped");
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn java_windows_source_paths_for_launch_and_attach() {
+    for request in ["launch", "attach"] {
+        for (client, native, returned) in [
+            ("C:/work/Main.java", r"C:\work\Main.java", r"C:\work\Main.java"),
+            ("C:/work/Main.java", r"C:\work\Main.java", "C:/work/Main.java"),
+            (r"c:\work\Main.java", r"c:\work\Main.java", "c:/work/Main.java"),
+            (r"D:/my project\Main.java", r"D:\my project\Main.java", r"D:\my project\Main.java"),
+            ("//server/share/Main.java", r"\\server\share\Main.java", "//server/share/Main.java"),
+            (r"\\server\share/Main.java", r"\\server\share\Main.java", "//server/share/Main.java"),
+            ("/work/Main.java", "/work/Main.java", "/work/Main.java"),
+        ] {
+            let h = harness(Script { source_path: Some(returned.into()), ..Script::default() });
+            let path = PathBuf::from(client);
+            h.manager.set_breakpoints(path.clone(), vec![bp(4)]).await.unwrap();
+            let mut cfg = config();
+            cfg.adapter = "java-debug".into();
+            cfg.request = request.into();
+            let id = h.start(cfg).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(h.request("initialize")["arguments"]["pathFormat"], "path");
+            assert_eq!(h.request("setBreakpoints")["arguments"]["source"]["path"], native);
+            let commands = h.commands();
+            assert!(
+                commands.iter().position(|c| c == "setBreakpoints").unwrap()
+                    < commands.iter().position(|c| c == "configurationDone").unwrap()
+            );
+            let frames = h.manager.stack_trace(id, 1).await.unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(frames[0].path.as_deref(), Some(path.as_path()));
+            h.wait_event(|e| {
+                matches!(e, DebugEvent::BreakpointsChanged { path: p } if p.as_ref() == path.as_path())
+                    && h.manager.breakpoint_states(&path)[0].message.as_deref() == Some("moved")
+            })
+            .await;
+            assert_eq!(h.manager.breakpoint_states(&path)[0].message.as_deref(), Some("moved"));
+            h.manager.stop(id).await.unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn java_stack_frames_without_breakpoints_normalize_windows_paths() {
+    for (returned, expected) in [
+        (r"C:\work\Other.java", "C:/work/Other.java"),
+        (r"\\server\share\Other.java", "//server/share/Other.java"),
+        ("C:/work/Other.java", "C:/work/Other.java"),
+        ("/work/Other.java", "/work/Other.java"),
+    ] {
+        let h = harness(Script { source_path: Some(returned.into()), ..Script::default() });
+        let mut cfg = config();
+        cfg.adapter = "java-debug".into();
+        let id = h.start(cfg).await.unwrap();
+        let frames = h.manager.stack_trace(id, 1).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(frames[0].path.as_deref(), Some(PathBuf::from(expected).as_path()));
+        h.manager.stop(id).await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+/// A built-in language definition (GDScript) shipped by a plugin
+/// instead: its debugger starts the program approved for the plugin's
+/// `process:godot` grant, and refuses once that file changed.
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn a_plugin_language_runs_its_debug_adapter_from_the_approved_program() {
+    use ide_language::ProgramPin;
+    use ide_language::plugin_point::{PluginLanguages, parse_definition};
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("openidea-plugin-dap-{}", std::process::id()));
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    // Stands in for `godot --headless --editor …`.
+    let program = dir.join("godot");
+    std::fs::write(&program, "#!/bin/sh\nexec sleep 30\n").unwrap();
+    std::fs::set_permissions(&program, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+
+    let port = std::net::TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", 0)).unwrap().local_addr().unwrap().port();
+    let mut gdscript = parse_definition(include_str!("../../../languages/gdscript.toml")).unwrap();
+    let debugger = gdscript.debugger.as_mut().unwrap();
+    debugger.args.clear();
+    debugger.connect = Some(format!("127.0.0.1:{port}"));
+
+    // No built-in GDScript: it comes from the plugin.
+    let registry = Arc::new(LanguageRegistry::from_configs(Vec::new()));
+    let store = PluginLanguages::new();
+    registry.attach_plugins(store.clone());
+    let pin = ProgramPin::approve(&program).unwrap();
+    store.set_process_policy(Arc::new(move |plugin, cap| {
+        (plugin == "acme.godot" && cap.to_string() == "process:godot").then(|| pin.clone())
+    }));
+    let _language = store.add("acme.godot".into(), gdscript);
+
+    let log: Log = Arc::default();
+    let server_log = log.clone();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
+        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", port)).await.unwrap();
+        let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.unwrap();
+        fake_adapter(stream, server_log, Script::default()).await;
+    });
+    let (owner, _events) = recording_owner("main");
+    let manager = DebugManager::new(registry.clone());
+    let id = manager.start(godot_launch(&dir), owner).await.unwrap();
+    assert!(log.lock().iter().any(|m| m["command"] == "launch"));
+    manager.stop(id).await.unwrap();
+
+    // Replaced after approval: refused before anything starts.
+    std::fs::write(&program, "#!/bin/sh\nexec sleep 31\n").unwrap();
+    let (owner, _events) = recording_owner("main");
+    let err = manager.start(godot_launch(&dir), owner).await.unwrap_err();
+    assert_eq!(err.kind, ide_core::error::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, "{}", err.message);
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+}

crates/ide-db/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 ide-core.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
-serde_json.workspace = true
+serde_json = { workspace = true, features = ["raw_value"] }
 specta.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ bb8.workspace = true
 tokio-util = { workspace = true, features = ["compat"] }
 dirs.workspace = true
 ide-ssh.workspace = true
+ide-http.workspace = true
+reqwest = { workspace = true, features = ["query"] }
+rustls.workspace = true
+uuid.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros"] }

crates/ide-db/src/clickhouse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+use crate::conn::{QueryResult, ResultColumn, Setup};
+use crate::source::{DataSource, DbSslMode, DbTxMode};
+use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult, error::ErrorKind};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use reqwest::{Client, RequestBuilder, StatusCode, Url};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ClickhousePool(Arc<State>);
+
+struct State {
+    client: RwLock<Option<Client>>,
+    endpoint: Url,
+    user: String,
+    password: String,
+    database: String,
+    settings: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    read_only: bool,
+    session_id: String,
+    session: Mutex<bool>,
+    closed: CancellationToken,
+}
+
+/// The response format: a names line, a types line, then one JSON array per row, so rows past
+/// the grid's limit are skipped without being parsed.
+const FORMAT: &str = "JSONCompactEachRowWithNamesAndTypes";
+
+pub(crate) fn transaction_error() -> IdeError {
+    IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse HTTP does not support SQL transactions; use auto-commit and run writes directly")
+}
+
+impl ClickhousePool {
+    pub(crate) async fn connect(source: &DataSource, password: Option<&str>, setup: Setup) -> IdeResult<Self> {
+        if source.options.transaction == DbTxMode::Manual {
+            return Err(transaction_error());
+        }
+        for (name, _) in &setup.params {
+            if reserved_setting(name) {
+                return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("ClickHouse HTTP manages the {name} setting")));
+            }
+        }
+        let secure = matches!(source.ssl, DbSslMode::Require | DbSslMode::VerifyCa | DbSslMode::VerifyFull);
+        let tls_files = [&source.ssl_ca_file, &source.ssl_cert_file, &source.ssl_key_file];
+        if !secure && tls_files.iter().any(|p| !p.trim().is_empty()) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid(
+                "ClickHouse TLS certificate files require an SSL mode of Require, Verify CA, or Verify Full",
+            ));
+        }
+        let host = source.host.trim();
+        if host.is_empty() || host.contains(['/', '@', '?', '#']) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse host must contain only a hostname or IP address"));
+        }
+        let host = if host.contains(':') && !host.starts_with('[') { format!("[{host}]") } else { host.to_owned() };
+        let scheme = if secure { "https" } else { "http" };
+        let port = source.port.unwrap_or(if secure { 8443 } else { 8123 });
+        let endpoint = Url::parse(&format!("{scheme}://{host}:{port}/"))
+            .map_err(|_| IdeError::invalid("invalid ClickHouse HTTP host or port"))?;
+        let timeout = setup.connect_timeout.unwrap_or(Duration::from_secs(30));
+        let _ = rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider().install_default();
+        let mut builder = Client::builder()
+            .connect_timeout(timeout)
+            .pool_max_idle_per_host(4)
+            .redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none())
+            .user_agent(concat!("OpenIDEA/", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")));
+        let ca = source.ssl_ca_file.trim();
+        if !ca.is_empty() {
+            let pem = read_pem(ca, "CA certificate")?;
+            let certificates = reqwest::Certificate::from_pem_bundle(&pem)
+                .map_err(|_| IdeError::invalid("invalid ClickHouse CA certificate PEM"))?;
+            if certificates.is_empty() {
+                return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse CA certificate PEM contains no certificates"));
+            }
+            builder = builder.tls_certs_only(certificates);
+        }
+        if source.ssl == DbSslMode::VerifyCa {
+            if ca.is_empty() {
+                return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse Verify CA requires a CA certificate file"));
+            }
+            builder = builder.tls_danger_accept_invalid_hostnames(true);
+        }
+        let cert = source.ssl_cert_file.trim();
+        let key = source.ssl_key_file.trim();
+        if cert.is_empty() != key.is_empty() {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse client TLS requires both certificate and key files"));
+        }
+        if !cert.is_empty() {
+            let mut pem = read_pem(cert, "client certificate")?;
+            pem.push(b'\n');
+            pem.extend(read_pem(key, "client key")?);
+            let identity = reqwest::Identity::from_pem(&pem)
+                .map_err(|_| IdeError::invalid("invalid ClickHouse client certificate or key PEM"))?;
+            builder = builder.identity(identity);
+        }
+        let proxy = ide_core::proxy_settings::proxy();
+        let client = ide_http::client::with_proxy(builder, &proxy).build().map_err(http_error)?;
+        let database = if source.options.default_schema.trim().is_empty() {
+            source.database.trim()
+        } else {
+            source.options.default_schema.trim()
+        };
+        let pool = Self(Arc::new(State {
+            client: RwLock::new(Some(client)),
+            endpoint,
+            user: if source.user.is_empty() { "default".into() } else { source.user.clone() },
+            password: password.unwrap_or_default().to_owned(),
+            database: if database.is_empty() { "default".into() } else { database.into() },
+            settings: setup.params,
+            read_only: source.read_only,
+            session_id: uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
+            session: Mutex::new(false),
+            closed: CancellationToken::new(),
+        }));
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        let initialize = async {
+            pool.execute("SELECT 1", 1, &cancel).await?;
+            for sql in setup.statements {
+                pool.execute(&sql, 0, &cancel).await?;
+            }
+            Ok(pool.clone())
+        };
+        tokio::pin!(initialize);
+        tokio::select! {
+            result = &mut initialize => {
+                if result.is_err() {
+                    pool.close();
+                }
+                result
+            },
+            () = tokio::time::sleep(timeout) => {
+                cancel.cancel();
+                let _ = initialize.await;
+                pool.close();
+                Err(IdeError::new(ErrorKind::TimedOut, "timed out connecting to ClickHouse HTTP"))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn close(&self) {
+        self.0.closed.cancel();
+        self.0.client.write().take();
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.closed.is_cancelled()
+    }
+
+    fn client(&self) -> IdeResult<Client> {
+        self.0.client.read().clone().ok_or_else(|| IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Io, "ClickHouse connection is closed"))
+    }
+
+    fn request(&self, client: &Client, query_id: &str, max_rows: usize, initialized: bool) -> RequestBuilder {
+        let mut request = client
+            .post(self.0.endpoint.clone())
+            .basic_auth(&self.0.user, Some(&self.0.password))
+            .header(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+            .query(&self.0.settings)
+            .query(&[
+                ("session_id", self.0.session_id.clone()),
+                ("session_timeout", "3600".into()),
+                ("query_id", query_id.to_owned()),
+                ("default_format", FORMAT.into()),
+                ("output_format_json_quote_denormals", "1".into()),
+                ("max_result_rows", max_rows.saturating_add(1).to_string()),
+                ("result_overflow_mode", "break".into()),
+            ]);
+        if initialized {
+            request = request.query(&[("session_check", "1")]);
+        } else {
+            request = request.query(&[("database", &self.0.database)]);
+        }
+        if self.0.read_only {
+            request = request.query(&[("readonly", "1")]);
+        }
+        request
+    }
+
+    pub async fn execute(&self, sql: &str, max_rows: usize, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
+        if transaction_statement(sql) {
+            return Err(transaction_error());
+        }
+        let mut session = tokio::select! {
+            biased;
+            () = cancel.cancelled() => return Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
+            () = self.0.closed.cancelled() => return Err(IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Io, "ClickHouse connection is closed")),
+            session = self.0.session.lock() => session,
+        };
+        let client = self.client()?;
+        let query_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let request = self.request(&client, &query_id, max_rows, *session).body(sql.to_owned());
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let fetch = async {
+            let mut response = request.send().await.map_err(http_error)?;
+            let execution_ms = started.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            let status = response.status();
+            let header = |name: &str| response.headers().get(name).and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok()).map(str::to_owned);
+            let exception_code = header("X-ClickHouse-Exception-Code");
+            let format = header("X-ClickHouse-Format");
+            let affected = header("X-ClickHouse-Summary")
+                .and_then(|v| serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&v).ok())
+                .and_then(|v| {
+                    v.get("written_rows")
+                        .and_then(|n| n.as_str().and_then(|n| n.parse::<u64>().ok()).or_else(|| n.as_u64()))
+                });
+            if !status.is_success() || exception_code.as_deref().is_some_and(|code| code != "0") {
+                let body = response.bytes().await.map_err(http_error)?;
+                return Err(self.server_error(status, exception_code.as_deref(), &body));
+            }
+            let (columns, rows, has_more) = if format.as_deref().is_some_and(|f| f != FORMAT) {
+                let body = response.bytes().await.map_err(http_error)?;
+                if !body.iter().all(u8::is_ascii_whitespace) {
+                    return Err(IdeError::invalid(
+                        "ClickHouse result grids need the default output format; remove the query's FORMAT clause",
+                    ));
+                }
+                (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), false)
+            } else {
+                let mut reader = RowReader::new(max_rows);
+                while let Some(chunk) = response.chunk().await.map_err(http_error)? {
+                    reader.push(&chunk)?;
+                }
+                reader.finish().map_err(|error| self.redact_error(error))?
+            };
+            let affected = if columns.is_empty() { affected.map(|n| n as f64) } else { None };
+            Ok(QueryResult {
+                statement: sql.to_owned(),
+                columns,
+                rows,
+                affected,
+                has_more,
+                elapsed_ms: started.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+                execution_ms,
+            })
+        };
+        let result = tokio::select! {
+            biased;
+            () = cancel.cancelled() => None,
+            () = self.0.closed.cancelled() => None,
+            result = fetch => Some(result),
+        };
+        match result {
+            Some(result) => {
+                if result.is_ok() {
+                    *session = true;
+                }
+                result
+            }
+            None => {
+                let killed = self.kill(&client, &query_id).await;
+                match killed {
+                    Ok(()) => Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
+                    Err(error) => Err(IdeError::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Cancelled,
+                        format!("cancelled locally; ClickHouse server cancellation failed: {}", error.message),
+                    )),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn kill(&self, client: &Client, query_id: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        let response = client
+            .post(self.0.endpoint.clone())
+            .basic_auth(&self.0.user, Some(&self.0.password))
+            .timeout(Duration::from_secs(3))
+            .body(format!("KILL QUERY WHERE query_id = '{query_id}' SYNC"))
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .map_err(http_error)?;
+        let status = response.status();
+        let code = response
+            .headers()
+            .get("X-ClickHouse-Exception-Code")
+            .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+            .map(str::to_owned);
+        let body = response.bytes().await.map_err(http_error)?;
+        if status.is_success() && !code.as_deref().is_some_and(|code| code != "0") && !body.starts_with(b"Code:") {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(self.server_error(status, code.as_deref(), &body))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn redact_error(&self, mut error: IdeError) -> IdeError {
+        if !self.0.password.is_empty() {
+            error.message = error.message.replace(&self.0.password, "[redacted]");
+        }
+        error
+    }
+
+    fn server_error(&self, status: StatusCode, code: Option<&str>, body: &[u8]) -> IdeError {
+        let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(body);
+        let message: String = exception_text(&message).chars().take(16_384).collect();
+        let auth = matches!(status, StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED | StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+            || matches!(code, Some("193" | "194" | "195" | "516" | "497"));
+        let detail = if message.is_empty() { status.canonical_reason().unwrap_or("request failed") } else { &message };
+        let detail = if detail.contains("SESSION_NOT_FOUND") || detail.contains("Session not found") {
+            "ClickHouse HTTP session expired; reconnect to restore session settings"
+        } else {
+            detail
+        };
+        self.redact_error(IdeError::new(
+            if auth { ErrorKind::PermissionDenied } else { ErrorKind::InvalidInput },
+            format!("ClickHouse HTTP {}: {detail}", status.as_u16()),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+type DecodedResult = (Vec<ResultColumn>, Vec<Vec<Option<String>>>, bool);
+
+/// Decodes a streamed [`FORMAT`] body. Keeps the first `max_rows` rows; later rows only set
+/// `has_more` and are read past unparsed, so a grid limit bounds memory however large the
+/// block `result_overflow_mode=break` lets the server send. A line that is not a JSON array
+/// starts the exception ClickHouse writes when a query fails mid-stream.
+struct RowReader {
+    max_rows: usize,
+    pending: Vec<u8>,
+    names: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    types: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    rows: Vec<Vec<Option<String>>>,
+    more: bool,
+    exception: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl RowReader {
+    fn new(max_rows: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { max_rows, pending: Vec::new(), names: None, types: None, rows: Vec::new(), more: false, exception: None }
+    }
+
+    fn push(&mut self, chunk: &[u8]) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        self.pending.extend_from_slice(chunk);
+        let buffer = std::mem::take(&mut self.pending);
+        let mut start = 0;
+        while let Some(end) = buffer[start..].iter().position(|&b| b == b'\n') {
+            self.line(&buffer[start..start + end])?;
+            start += end + 1;
+        }
+        self.pending = buffer[start..].to_vec();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn line(&mut self, line: &[u8]) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        if let Some(exception) = &mut self.exception {
+            if exception.len() < 16_384 {
+                exception.push_str(&String::from_utf8_lossy(line));
+                exception.push('\n');
+            }
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let text = line.trim_ascii();
+        if text.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if text[0] != b'[' {
+            self.exception = Some(format!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(line)));
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if self.names.is_some() && self.types.is_some() && self.rows.len() >= self.max_rows {
+            self.more = true;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let Ok(values) = serde_json::from_slice::<Vec<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>>(text) else {
+            self.exception = Some(format!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(line)));
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        let protocol = |message: String| IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Protocol, message);
+        let header = |values: Vec<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>| {
+            values
+                .iter()
+                .map(|v| serde_json::from_str::<String>(v.get()))
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                .map_err(|e| protocol(format!("invalid ClickHouse result header: {e}")))
+        };
+        let Some(names) = &self.names else {
+            self.names = Some(header(values)?);
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if self.types.is_none() {
+            self.types = Some(header(values)?);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if values.len() != names.len() {
+            return Err(protocol("ClickHouse result row width does not match its metadata".into()));
+        }
+        let row = values
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|value| {
+                let text = value.get();
+                if text == "null" {
+                    Ok(None)
+                } else if text.starts_with('"') {
+                    serde_json::from_str::<String>(text).map(Some).map_err(|e| protocol(e.to_string()))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Some(text.to_owned()))
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<IdeResult<_>>()?;
+        self.rows.push(row);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn finish(mut self) -> IdeResult<DecodedResult> {
+        let rest = std::mem::take(&mut self.pending);
+        self.line(&rest)?;
+        if let Some(exception) = self.exception {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("ClickHouse: {}", exception_text(&exception))));
+        }
+        let Some(names) = self.names else { return Ok((Vec::new(), Vec::new(), false)) };
+        let types = self.types.unwrap_or_default();
+        if types.len() != names.len() {
+            return Err(IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Protocol, "ClickHouse result types do not match its columns"));
+        }
+        let columns = names.into_iter().zip(types).map(|(name, type_name)| ResultColumn { name, type_name }).collect();
+        Ok((columns, self.rows, self.more))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The server's message in a failed response: rows already streamed and the
+/// `__exception__` block markers ClickHouse wraps a mid-stream error in are dropped.
+fn exception_text(body: &str) -> &str {
+    let Some(at) = body.find("Code:") else { return body.trim() };
+    let text = &body[at..];
+    match text.find("\n__exception__") {
+        // The line before the closing marker is `<length> <tag>`.
+        Some(end) => text[..end].trim_end().rsplit_once('\n').map_or(text[..end].trim(), |(message, _)| message.trim()),
+        None => text.trim(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn http_error(error: reqwest::Error) -> IdeError {
+    use std::error::Error;
+    let kind = if error.is_timeout() { ErrorKind::TimedOut } else { ErrorKind::Io };
+    let error = error.without_url();
+    let mut message = error.to_string();
+    let mut source = error.source();
+    while let Some(error) = source {
+        let detail = error.to_string();
+        if !message.contains(&detail) {
+            message.push_str(": ");
+            message.push_str(&detail);
+        }
+        source = error.source();
+    }
+    IdeError::new(kind, format!("ClickHouse HTTP: {message}"))
+}
+
+fn read_pem(path: &str, label: &str) -> IdeResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    std::fs::read(ide_ssh::expand(path))
+        .map_err(|error| IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Io, format!("cannot read ClickHouse {label}: {error}")))
+}
+
+fn reserved_setting(name: &str) -> bool {
+    let name = name.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    name.starts_with("output_format_json_")
+        || matches!(
+            name.as_str(),
+            "user"
+                | "password"
+                | "query"
+                | "database"
+                | "session_id"
+                | "session_check"
+                | "session_timeout"
+                | "query_id"
+                | "default_format"
+                | "max_result_rows"
+                | "result_overflow_mode"
+                | "readonly"
+        )
+}
+
+fn transaction_statement(sql: &str) -> bool {
+    let mut sql = sql.trim_start();
+    loop {
+        if let Some(rest) = sql.strip_prefix("--").or_else(|| sql.strip_prefix('#')) {
+            sql = rest.split_once('\n').map_or("", |(_, rest)| rest).trim_start();
+        } else if let Some(rest) = sql.strip_prefix("/*") {
+            sql = rest.split_once("*/").map_or("", |(_, rest)| rest).trim_start();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    let mut words = sql.split(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() && c != '_').filter(|s| !s.is_empty());
+    let first = words.next().unwrap_or_default();
+    ["BEGIN", "COMMIT", "ROLLBACK", "SAVEPOINT", "RELEASE"].iter().any(|s| first.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s))
+        || (first.eq_ignore_ascii_case("START") && words.next().is_some_and(|s| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("TRANSACTION")))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::conn::Pool;
+    use crate::source::{DbDriver, DbOptions, DbProperty};
+    use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+
+    const ONE: &str = "[\"1\"]\n[\"UInt8\"]\n[1]\n";
+
+    async fn read_request(stream: &mut tokio::net::TcpStream) -> String {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        let mut buffer = [0; 4096];
+        loop {
+            let count = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), stream.read(&mut buffer)).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+            assert!(count > 0, "request ended early");
+            bytes.extend_from_slice(&buffer[..count]);
+            if let Some(end) = bytes.windows(4).position(|s| s == b"\r\n\r\n") {
+                let header = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes[..end]);
+                let length: usize = header
+                    .lines()
+                    .find_map(|line| {
+                        line.to_ascii_lowercase().strip_prefix("content-length:").map(|v| v.trim().parse().unwrap())
+                    })
+                    .unwrap_or(0);
+                if bytes.len() >= end + 4 + length {
+                    return String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn reply(stream: &mut tokio::net::TcpStream, status: &str, headers: &str, body: &str) {
+        let response =
+            format!("HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\nConnection: close\r\n{headers}\r\n{body}", body.len());
+        stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    async fn server(
+        responses: Vec<(&'static str, &'static str, &'static str)>,
+    ) -> (u16, tokio::task::JoinHandle<Vec<String>>) {
+        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let port = listener.local_addr().unwrap().port();
+        let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut requests = Vec::new();
+            for (status, headers, body) in responses {
+                let (mut stream, _) =
+                    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), listener.accept()).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+                requests.push(read_request(&mut stream).await);
+                reply(&mut stream, status, headers, body).await;
+            }
+            requests
+        });
+        (port, task)
+    }
+
+    fn source(port: u16) -> DataSource {
+        DataSource { driver: DbDriver::Clickhouse, host: "127.0.0.1".into(), port: Some(port), ..Default::default() }
+    }
+
+    fn decode(body: &[u8], max_rows: usize, chunk: usize) -> IdeResult<DecodedResult> {
+        let mut reader = RowReader::new(max_rows);
+        for part in body.chunks(chunk) {
+            reader.push(part)?;
+        }
+        reader.finish()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rows_preserve_precision_nulls_and_strings_across_chunks() {
+        let body = concat!(
+            r#"["n", "d", "v", "v", "v"]"#,
+            "\n",
+            r#"["UInt64", "Decimal(38, 9)", "Nullable(String)", "Nullable(String)", "Nullable(String)"]"#,
+            "\n",
+            r#"[18446744073709551615, 12345678901234567890.123456789, null, "null", "ᴺᵁᴸᴸ"]"#,
+        );
+        for chunk in [1, 7, body.len()] {
+            let (columns, rows, more) = decode(body.as_bytes(), 1, chunk).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(columns.len(), 5);
+            assert_eq!(columns[1].type_name, "Decimal(38, 9)");
+            assert_eq!(
+                rows[0],
+                vec![
+                    Some("18446744073709551615".into()),
+                    Some("12345678901234567890.123456789".into()),
+                    None,
+                    Some("null".into()),
+                    Some("ᴺᵁᴸᴸ".into()),
+                ]
+            );
+            assert!(!more);
+        }
+        let (columns, rows, more) = decode(b"[\"x\"]\n[\"String\"]\n", 0, 64).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(columns[0].name, "x");
+        assert!(rows.is_empty() && !more);
+        assert_eq!(decode(b"", 5, 64).unwrap().0.len(), 0);
+        assert!(decode(b"[\"x\"]\n[\"UInt8\"]\n[1, 2]\n", 1, 64).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rows_past_the_limit_are_skipped_but_a_later_exception_still_fails() {
+        let mut body = String::from("[\"n\"]\n[\"UInt64\"]\n");
+        for n in 0..1000 {
+            body.push_str(&format!("[{n}]\n"));
+        }
+        let (_, rows, more) = decode(body.as_bytes(), 2, 4096).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(rows, vec![vec![Some("0".into())], vec![Some("1".into())]]);
+        assert!(more);
+        body.push_str("\n__exception__\nabcdefgh\nCode: 395. DB::Exception: Value passed to 'throwIf' is non-zero\n");
+        body.push_str("62 abcdefgh\n__exception__\n");
+        let error = decode(body.as_bytes(), 2, 4096).unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(error.message, "ClickHouse: Code: 395. DB::Exception: Value passed to 'throwIf' is non-zero");
+        let multiline = "Code: 62. DB::Exception: Syntax error\nat line 2";
+        assert_eq!(exception_text(multiline), multiline);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn http_requests_use_auth_settings_limits_and_a_shared_session() {
+        let (port, requests) = server(vec![
+            ("200 OK", "X-ClickHouse-Format: JSONCompactEachRowWithNamesAndTypes\r\n", ONE),
+            ("200 OK", "", ""),
+            (
+                "200 OK",
+                "X-ClickHouse-Format: JSONCompactEachRowWithNamesAndTypes\r\n",
+                "[\"n\"]\n[\"UInt64\"]\n[\"1\"]\n[\"2\"]\n[\"3\"]\n",
+            ),
+        ])
+        .await;
+        let source = DataSource {
+            user: "reader".into(),
+            read_only: true,
+            options: DbOptions { default_schema: "analytics".into(), time_zone: "UTC".into(), ..Default::default() },
+            properties: vec![DbProperty { name: "max_threads".into(), value: "2".into() }],
+            ..source(port)
+        };
+        let pool = Pool::connect(&source, Some("mock-password"), None).await.unwrap();
+        pool.execute("USE other", 0, &CancellationToken::new()).await.unwrap();
+        let result = pool.execute("SELECT number FROM numbers(3)", 1, &CancellationToken::new()).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.rows, vec![vec![Some("1".into())]]);
+        assert!(result.has_more && result.affected.is_none());
+        let requests = requests.await.unwrap();
+        let target = |request: &String| {
+            Url::parse(&format!(
+                "http://localhost{}",
+                request.lines().next().unwrap().split_whitespace().nth(1).unwrap()
+            ))
+            .unwrap()
+        };
+        let urls: Vec<_> = requests.iter().map(target).collect();
+        let value = |url: &Url, key: &str| url.query_pairs().find(|(k, _)| k == key).map(|(_, v)| v.into_owned());
+        assert_eq!(value(&urls[0], "database").as_deref(), Some("analytics"));
+        assert_eq!(value(&urls[1], "database"), None);
+        assert_eq!(value(&urls[1], "session_check").as_deref(), Some("1"));
+        assert_eq!(value(&urls[0], "session_id"), value(&urls[2], "session_id"));
+        assert_ne!(value(&urls[0], "query_id"), value(&urls[2], "query_id"));
+        assert_eq!(value(&urls[2], "max_result_rows").as_deref(), Some("2"));
+        for (request, url) in requests.iter().zip(&urls) {
+            assert!(request.starts_with("POST /?"));
+            assert!(request.contains("Basic cmVhZGVyOm1vY2stcGFzc3dvcmQ="));
+            assert!(!url.as_str().contains("reader") && !url.as_str().contains("mock-password"));
+            assert_eq!(value(url, "readonly").as_deref(), Some("1"));
+            assert_eq!(value(url, "session_timezone").as_deref(), Some("UTC"));
+            assert_eq!(value(url, "max_threads").as_deref(), Some("2"));
+        }
+        assert!(requests[0].ends_with("SELECT 1"));
+        assert!(pool.transaction(&[]).await.is_err());
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        cancel.cancel();
+        assert_eq!(pool.execute("SELECT 1", 1, &cancel).await.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::Cancelled);
+        pool.close().await;
+        assert!(pool.is_closed());
+        assert!(pool.execute("SELECT 1", 1, &CancellationToken::new()).await.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn sequential_queries_reuse_the_http_connection() {
+        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let port = listener.local_addr().unwrap().port();
+        let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let (mut stream, _) = listener.accept().await.unwrap();
+            for _ in 0..2 {
+                read_request(&mut stream).await;
+                let response = format!("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{ONE}", ONE.len());
+                stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).await.unwrap();
+            }
+        });
+        let pool = Pool::connect(&source(port), None, None).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            pool.execute("SELECT 1", 1, &CancellationToken::new()).await.unwrap().rows,
+            vec![vec![Some("1".into())]]
+        );
+        task.await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn server_errors_keep_details_and_hide_passwords() {
+        let (port, requests) = server(vec![(
+            "403 Forbidden",
+            "X-ClickHouse-Exception-Code: 516\r\n",
+            "Code: 516. DB::Exception: bad mock-password",
+        )])
+        .await;
+        let error = match Pool::connect(&source(port), Some("mock-password"), None).await {
+            Ok(_) => panic!("expected login failure"),
+            Err(error) => error,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(error.kind, ErrorKind::PermissionDenied);
+        assert!(error.message.contains("516") && error.message.contains("[redacted]"));
+        assert!(!error.message.contains("mock-password"));
+        requests.await.unwrap();
+        let (port, requests) = server(vec![("200 OK", "", "Code: 241. DB::Exception: memory limit")]).await;
+        let error = match Pool::connect(&source(port), None, None).await {
+            Ok(_) => panic!("expected late query failure"),
+            Err(error) => error,
+        };
+        assert!(error.message.contains("memory limit"));
+        requests.await.unwrap();
+        let (port, requests) = server(vec![(
+            "500 Internal Server Error",
+            "X-ClickHouse-Exception-Code: 395\r\n",
+            "[\"1\"]\n[\"UInt8\"]\n[1]\n\n__exception__\ntag\nCode: 395. DB::Exception: thrown\n32 tag\n__exception__\n",
+        )])
+        .await;
+        let error = match Pool::connect(&source(port), None, None).await {
+            Ok(_) => panic!("expected mid-stream failure"),
+            Err(error) => error,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(error.message, "ClickHouse HTTP 500: Code: 395. DB::Exception: thrown");
+        requests.await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn cancellation_sends_kill_outside_the_busy_session() {
+        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let port = listener.local_addr().unwrap().port();
+        let (started, received) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        let server = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let (mut health, _) = listener.accept().await.unwrap();
+            read_request(&mut health).await;
+            reply(&mut health, "200 OK", "", ONE).await;
+            drop(health);
+            let (mut query, _) = listener.accept().await.unwrap();
+            let request = read_request(&mut query).await;
+            started.send(()).unwrap();
+            let (mut kill, _) = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), listener.accept()).await.unwrap().unwrap();
+            let kill_request = read_request(&mut kill).await;
+            reply(&mut kill, "200 OK", "", "").await;
+            (request, kill_request)
+        });
+        let pool = Pool::connect(&source(port), None, None).await.unwrap();
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        let query = pool.execute("SELECT sleep(30)", 1, &cancel);
+        let cancelled = async {
+            received.await.unwrap();
+            cancel.cancel();
+        };
+        let (result, ()) = tokio::join!(query, cancelled);
+        assert_eq!(result.unwrap_err().kind, ErrorKind::Cancelled);
+        let (query, kill) = server.await.unwrap();
+        let target = query.lines().next().unwrap().split_whitespace().nth(1).unwrap();
+        let url = Url::parse(&format!("http://localhost{target}")).unwrap();
+        let query_id = url.query_pairs().find(|(k, _)| k == "query_id").unwrap().1.into_owned();
+        assert!(kill.ends_with(&format!("KILL QUERY WHERE query_id = '{query_id}' SYNC")));
+        assert!(!kill.contains("session_id="));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn unsupported_settings_and_transactions_fail_before_connecting() {
+        for statement in ["BEGIN", "-- comment\n COMMIT", "/* comment */ ROLLBACK", "START TRANSACTION", "SAVEPOINT s"]
+        {
+            assert!(transaction_statement(statement));
+        }
+        assert!(!transaction_statement("SELECT 'BEGIN'"));
+        let sources = [
+            DataSource { options: DbOptions { transaction: DbTxMode::Manual, ..Default::default() }, ..source(1) },
+            DataSource {
+                properties: vec![DbProperty { name: "statement_cache_capacity".into(), value: "4".into() }],
+                ..source(1)
+            },
+            DataSource { properties: vec![DbProperty { name: "password".into(), value: "x".into() }], ..source(1) },
+            DataSource { ssl_ca_file: "unused.pem".into(), ..source(1) },
+            DataSource { ssl: DbSslMode::VerifyCa, ..source(1) },
+            DataSource { ssl: DbSslMode::Require, ssl_cert_file: "unused.pem".into(), ..source(1) },
+        ];
+        for source in sources {
+            let error = match Pool::connect(&source, None, None).await {
+                Ok(_) => panic!("unsupported settings were accepted"),
+                Err(error) => error,
+            };
+            assert_eq!(error.kind, ErrorKind::InvalidInput);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[ignore = "requires CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST, CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER, and CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD"]
+    async fn clickhouse_cloud_transport() {
+        let source = DataSource {
+            driver: DbDriver::Clickhouse,
+            host: std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST").expect("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST"),
+            port: Some(std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PORT").ok().and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(8443)),
+            user: std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER").expect("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER"),
+            ssl: DbSslMode::Require,
+            options: DbOptions {
+                time_zone: "UTC".into(),
+                startup_script: "SET max_threads = 2".into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            properties: vec![DbProperty { name: "max_block_size".into(), value: "50".into() }],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let password = std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD").expect("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD");
+        let pool = Pool::connect(&source, Some(&password), None).await.unwrap();
+        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+        let settings = pool
+            .execute("SELECT getSetting('max_threads'), getSetting('max_block_size'), timezone()", 1, &cancel)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(settings.rows, vec![vec![Some("2".into()), Some("50".into()), Some("UTC".into())]]);
+        let result = pool.execute("SELECT toUInt64('18446744073709551615') AS n, CAST(NULL AS Nullable(String)) AS missing, CAST('ᴺᵁᴸᴸ' AS Nullable(String)) AS text, 'a\\nb' AS lines", 1, &cancel).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.rows,
+            vec![vec![Some("18446744073709551615".into()), None, Some("ᴺᵁᴸᴸ".into()), Some("a\nb".into())]]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(result.columns[1].type_name, "Nullable(String)");
+        let limited = pool.execute("SELECT number FROM numbers(100)", 2, &cancel).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(limited.rows.len(), 2);
+        assert!(limited.has_more);
+        let marker = format!("transport_cancel_{}", uuid::Uuid::new_v4().simple());
+        let sql = format!("SELECT sleepEachRow(0.05) FROM numbers(50) /* {marker} */");
+        let stop = CancellationToken::new();
+        let query = pool.execute(&sql, 1, &stop);
+        let cancel_query = async {
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+            stop.cancel();
+        };
+        let (cancelled, ()) = tokio::join!(query, cancel_query);
+        let cancelled = cancelled.unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(cancelled.kind, ErrorKind::Cancelled);
+        assert_eq!(cancelled.message, "cancelled");
+        let active = pool.execute(&format!("SELECT count() FROM system.processes WHERE position(query, '{marker}') > 0 AND query_id != currentQueryID()"), 1, &cancel).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(active.rows, vec![vec![Some("0".into())]]);
+        let table = format!("transport_test_{}", uuid::Uuid::new_v4().simple());
+        pool.execute(&format!("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE {table} (n UInt8)"), 0, &cancel).await.unwrap();
+        let continuity = async {
+            pool.execute(&format!("INSERT INTO {table} VALUES (7)"), 0, &cancel).await?;
+            pool.execute(&format!("SELECT n FROM {table}"), 1, &cancel).await
+        }
+        .await;
+        let cleanup = pool.execute(&format!("DROP TEMPORARY TABLE {table}"), 0, &cancel).await;
+        assert_eq!(continuity.unwrap().rows, vec![vec![Some("7".into())]]);
+        cleanup.unwrap();
+        pool.close().await;
+        assert!(pool.is_closed());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-db/src/conn.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ pub enum Pool {
     Postgres(PgPool),
     Mysql(MySqlPool),
     SqlServer(Bb8Pool<MssqlConnectionManager>),
+    Clickhouse(crate::clickhouse::ClickhousePool),
 }
 
 /// Runs `$body` with `$p` bound to the concrete pool of each driver.
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ macro_rules! with_pool {
             Pool::Sqlite($p) => $body,
             Pool::Postgres($p) => $body,
             Pool::Mysql($p) => $body,
-            Pool::SqlServer(_) => unreachable!(),
+            Pool::SqlServer(_) | Pool::Clickhouse(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     };
 }
@@ -503,6 +504,9 @@ impl Setup {
                 value.parse::<u64>().map_err(|_| IdeError::invalid(format!("{what} must be a whole number: {value}")))
             };
             match (source.driver, name.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str()) {
+                (DbDriver::Clickhouse, "statement_cache_capacity") => {
+                    return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse HTTP does not support statement caching"));
+                }
                 (_, "statement_cache_capacity") => s.statement_cache = Some(number(&name)? as usize),
                 (_, "connect_timeout") => s.connect_timeout = Some(Duration::from_secs(number(&name)?)),
                 (DbDriver::Postgres, "application_name") => s.application_name = Some(value.to_owned()),
@@ -512,6 +516,9 @@ impl Setup {
                 _ => s.params.push((name, value.to_owned())),
             }
         }
+        if source.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse && !o.time_zone.trim().is_empty() {
+            s.params.push(("session_timezone".into(), o.time_zone.trim().into()));
+        }
         let script = o.startup_script.trim();
         if !script.is_empty() {
             s.statements.extend(crate::split::split(script, source.driver).into_iter().map(|st| st.text));
@@ -527,6 +534,7 @@ impl Pool {
             Pool::Postgres(_) => DbDriver::Postgres,
             Pool::Mysql(_) => DbDriver::Mysql,
             Pool::SqlServer(_) => DbDriver::SqlServer,
+            Pool::Clickhouse(_) => DbDriver::Clickhouse,
         }
     }
 
@@ -534,6 +542,9 @@ impl Pool {
     pub async fn connect(source: &DataSource, password: Option<&str>, root: Option<&Path>) -> IdeResult<Self> {
         const MAX: u32 = 4;
         let setup = Setup::of(source)?;
+        if source.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            return crate::clickhouse::ClickhousePool::connect(source, password, setup).await.map(Pool::Clickhouse);
+        }
         let timeout = setup.connect_timeout.unwrap_or(Duration::from_secs(30));
         let init = Arc::new(setup.statements);
         // Runs the session statements (startup script…) on every new connection.
@@ -695,12 +706,14 @@ impl Pool {
                 conn.query("SELECT 1", &[]).await.map_err(mssql_err)?.into_results().await.map_err(mssql_err)?;
                 Ok(Pool::SqlServer(pool))
             }
+            DbDriver::Clickhouse => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
     pub async fn close(&self) {
         match self {
             Pool::SqlServer(_) => {}
+            Pool::Clickhouse(p) => p.close(),
             _ => with_pool!(self, p => p.close().await),
         }
     }
@@ -708,12 +721,16 @@ impl Pool {
     pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Pool::SqlServer(_) => false,
+            Pool::Clickhouse(p) => p.is_closed(),
             _ => with_pool!(self, p => p.is_closed()),
         }
     }
 
     /// Runs `sql` (no row limit beyond `max`), for introspection: cells are text (see [`Cells::Text`]).
     pub async fn rows(&self, sql: &str, max: usize) -> IdeResult<Vec<Vec<Option<String>>>> {
+        if let Pool::Clickhouse(p) = self {
+            return Ok(p.execute(sql, max, &CancellationToken::new()).await?.rows);
+        }
         let fetched: IdeResult<Fetched> = match self {
             Pool::SqlServer(p) => {
                 let mut conn = p.get_owned().await.map_err(mssql_pool_err)?;
@@ -727,6 +744,9 @@ impl Pool {
     /// Runs one statement and keeps at most `max_rows` rows. Cancelling stops
     /// the statement on the server (PostgreSQL, MySQL) and drops the connection.
     pub async fn execute(&self, sql: &str, max_rows: usize, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
+        if let Pool::Clickhouse(p) = self {
+            return p.execute(sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
+        }
         let mut conn = Held::acquire(self).await?;
         let r = conn.execute(self, sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
         if cancel.is_cancelled() {
@@ -740,6 +760,7 @@ impl Pool {
     /// row when flagged (table editor submits).
     pub async fn transaction(&self, statements: &[(String, bool)]) -> IdeResult<u64> {
         match self {
+            Pool::Clickhouse(_) => Err(crate::clickhouse::transaction_error()),
             Pool::SqlServer(p) => {
                 let mut conn = p.get_owned().await.map_err(mssql_pool_err)?;
                 let result = async {
@@ -790,6 +811,7 @@ pub enum Held {
     Postgres(PoolConnection<Postgres>),
     Mysql(PoolConnection<MySql>),
     SqlServer(Box<bb8::PooledConnection<'static, MssqlConnectionManager>>),
+    Clickhouse(crate::clickhouse::ClickhousePool),
 }
 
 impl Held {
@@ -799,6 +821,12 @@ impl Held {
             Pool::Postgres(p) => Held::Postgres(p.acquire().await.map_err(db_err)?),
             Pool::Mysql(p) => Held::Mysql(p.acquire().await.map_err(db_err)?),
             Pool::SqlServer(p) => Held::SqlServer(Box::new(p.get_owned().await.map_err(mssql_pool_err)?)),
+            Pool::Clickhouse(p) => {
+                if p.is_closed() {
+                    return Err(IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Io, "ClickHouse connection is closed"));
+                }
+                Held::Clickhouse(p.clone())
+            }
         })
     }
 
@@ -806,13 +834,14 @@ impl Held {
     pub async fn command(&mut self, sql: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
         match self {
             Held::SqlServer(c) => mssql_command(c, sql).await,
+            Held::Clickhouse(_) => Err(crate::clickhouse::transaction_error()),
             other => {
                 let sql = sqlx::AssertSqlSafe(sql.to_owned());
                 match other {
                     Held::Sqlite(c) => sqlx::raw_sql(sql).execute(&mut **c).await.map(drop),
                     Held::Postgres(c) => sqlx::raw_sql(sql).execute(&mut **c).await.map(drop),
                     Held::Mysql(c) => sqlx::raw_sql(sql).execute(&mut **c).await.map(drop),
-                    Held::SqlServer(_) => unreachable!(),
+                    Held::SqlServer(_) | Held::Clickhouse(_) => unreachable!(),
                 }
                 .map_err(db_err)
             }
@@ -833,6 +862,7 @@ impl Held {
             Held::SqlServer(mut c) => {
                 c.0.take();
             }
+            Held::Clickhouse(_) => {}
         }
     }
 
@@ -845,6 +875,9 @@ impl Held {
         max_rows: usize,
         cancel: &CancellationToken,
     ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
+        if let Held::Clickhouse(c) = self {
+            return c.execute(sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
+        }
         let started = Instant::now();
         // `$id`: the query naming the server process, `$kill`: how another connection stops it.
         macro_rules! run {
@@ -887,6 +920,7 @@ impl Held {
                     () = cancel.cancelled() => return Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
                 }
             }
+            Held::Clickhouse(_) => unreachable!(),
         };
         let (columns, rows, affected, has_more, first) = fetched;
         let elapsed_ms = started.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
@@ -907,7 +941,7 @@ pub fn begin_statement(driver: DbDriver) -> &'static str {
     match driver {
         DbDriver::Mysql => "START TRANSACTION",
         DbDriver::SqlServer => "BEGIN TRAN",
-        DbDriver::Sqlite | DbDriver::Postgres => "BEGIN",
+        DbDriver::Sqlite | DbDriver::Postgres | DbDriver::Clickhouse => "BEGIN",
     }
 }
 

crates/ide-db/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 //! execution ([`conn`]), introspection, table data paging / editing ([`sql`])
 //! and statement splitting ([`split`]), for SQLite, PostgreSQL and MySQL/MariaDB.
 
+mod clickhouse;
 pub mod conn;
 pub mod history;
 pub mod plan;
@@ -547,12 +548,14 @@ impl DbManager {
         })?;
         let version = match source.driver {
             DbDriver::Sqlite => "SELECT 'SQLite ' || sqlite_version()",
-            DbDriver::Postgres => "SELECT version()",
+            DbDriver::Postgres | DbDriver::Clickhouse => "SELECT version()",
             DbDriver::Mysql => "SELECT CONCAT(@@version_comment, ' ', VERSION())",
             DbDriver::SqlServer => "SELECT @@VERSION",
         };
-        let v = pool.rows(version, 1).await.ok().and_then(|r| r.into_iter().next()?.into_iter().next()?);
+        let result = pool.rows(version, 1).await;
         pool.close().await;
+        let rows = if source.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse { result? } else { result.unwrap_or_default() };
+        let v = rows.into_iter().next().and_then(|r| r.into_iter().next().flatten());
         Ok(v.unwrap_or_else(|| "Connected".into()))
     }
 
@@ -701,8 +704,11 @@ impl DbManager {
                 _ => indexes.push(IndexInfo { name, unique: flag(&unique), columns: vec![col] }),
             }
         }
-        let fk_rows =
-            pool.rows(&sql::table_foreign_keys(driver, schema, table), MAX_META_ROWS).await.unwrap_or_default();
+        let fk_rows = if driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            Vec::new()
+        } else {
+            pool.rows(&sql::table_foreign_keys(driver, schema, table), MAX_META_ROWS).await.unwrap_or_default()
+        };
         let mut foreign_keys = group_foreign_keys(fk_rows, &[]);
         // SQLite keys that reference the primary key implicitly: look it up.
         for k in foreign_keys.iter_mut().filter(|k| k.ref_columns.is_empty()) {
@@ -715,13 +721,15 @@ impl DbManager {
                 .collect();
         }
         foreign_keys.retain(|k| k.columns.len() == k.ref_columns.len());
-        let triggers = pool
-            .rows(&sql::triggers(driver, schema, table), MAX_META_ROWS)
-            .await
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        let trigger_rows = if driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            Vec::new()
+        } else {
+            pool.rows(&sql::triggers(driver, schema, table), MAX_META_ROWS).await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
                 tracing::warn!("triggers: {}", e.message);
                 Vec::new()
             })
+        };
+        let triggers = trigger_rows
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|r| {
                 let mut it = r.into_iter();
@@ -822,6 +830,11 @@ impl DbManager {
                 let ddl = cells(pool.rows(&q, 1).await?, 1).into_iter().next();
                 ddl.map(|d| format!("{d};\n")).ok_or_else(missing)
             }
+            DbDriver::Clickhouse => {
+                let q = format!("SHOW CREATE TABLE {}", sql::qualified(driver, schema, name));
+                let ddl = cells(pool.rows(&q, 1).await?, 0).into_iter().next();
+                ddl.map(|d| format!("{};\n", d.trim_end().trim_end_matches(';'))).ok_or_else(missing)
+            }
             DbDriver::SqlServer => {
                 let obj = format!("{}.{}", schema, name).replace('\'', "''");
                 let ddl = cells(pool.rows(&format!("SELECT OBJECT_DEFINITION(OBJECT_ID('{}'))", obj), 1).await?, 0)
@@ -902,10 +915,14 @@ impl DbManager {
             }
         }
         // Foreign keys are a nicety (JOIN completion): a server that refuses the catalog query still completes.
-        let fk_rows = pool.rows(sql::foreign_keys(driver), MAX_META_ROWS).await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            tracing::warn!("foreign keys: {}", e.message);
+        let fk_rows = if driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
             Vec::new()
-        });
+        } else {
+            pool.rows(sql::foreign_keys(driver), MAX_META_ROWS).await.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                tracing::warn!("foreign keys: {}", e.message);
+                Vec::new()
+            })
+        };
         let foreign_keys = group_foreign_keys(fk_rows, &tables);
         let default_schema = match sql::current_schema(driver) {
             None => "main".to_owned(),
@@ -980,6 +997,9 @@ impl DbManager {
         let Some(session) = session else {
             return pool.execute(statement, max_rows, cancel).await;
         };
+        if pool.driver() == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse manual transactions are unsupported"));
+        }
         let mut held = session.lock().await;
         if held.is_none() {
             let mut conn = Held::acquire(&pool).await?;
@@ -998,8 +1018,11 @@ impl DbManager {
 
     /// Switches `id` between auto-commit and manual commit. Leaving manual
     /// mode rolls back what was not committed.
-    pub async fn set_manual_commit(&self, id: &str, manual: bool) {
+    pub async fn set_manual_commit(&self, id: &str, manual: bool) -> IdeResult<()> {
         if manual {
+            if self.source(id)?.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+                return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse manual transactions are unsupported"));
+            }
             self.sessions.lock().entry(id.to_owned()).or_default();
         } else {
             let session = self.sessions.lock().remove(id);
@@ -1007,10 +1030,14 @@ impl DbManager {
                 end_session(&s).await;
             }
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Commits (or rolls back) the open transaction of a manual-commit data source.
     pub async fn finish_transaction(&self, id: &str, commit: bool) -> IdeResult<()> {
+        if self.source(id).is_ok_and(|s| s.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse) {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse manual transactions are unsupported"));
+        }
         let session = self.sessions.lock().get(id).cloned();
         let Some(session) = session else { return Ok(()) };
         let mut held = session.lock().await;
@@ -1052,6 +1079,9 @@ impl DbManager {
 
     /// Applies the table editor's pending changes in one transaction.
     pub async fn apply_edits(&self, id: &str, schema: &str, table: &str, edits: &[DbRowEdit]) -> IdeResult<u64> {
+        if self.source(id)?.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse table editing is unsupported"));
+        }
         let pool = self.pool(id).await?;
         let driver = pool.driver();
         let statements = edits
@@ -1064,3 +1094,37 @@ impl DbManager {
         pool.transaction(&statements).await
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn clickhouse_rejects_manual_transactions_and_table_edits_without_connecting() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let root = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
+        let ssh = Arc::new(SshManager::new(root.join("ssh-passwords.json")));
+        let db = DbManager::new(root.clone(), root.join("passwords.json"), root.join("history.json"), ssh);
+        db.save_sources(vec![DataSource {
+            id: "clickhouse".into(),
+            name: "clickhouse".into(),
+            driver: DbDriver::Clickhouse,
+            host: "127.0.0.1".into(),
+            port: Some(1),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }])
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        let error = db.set_manual_commit("clickhouse", true).await.unwrap_err();
+        assert!(error.message.contains("manual transactions are unsupported"));
+        assert!(db.sessions.lock().is_empty());
+        for commit in [false, true] {
+            let error = db.finish_transaction("clickhouse", commit).await.unwrap_err();
+            assert!(error.message.contains("manual transactions are unsupported"));
+        }
+        let error = db.apply_edits("clickhouse", "default", "events", &[]).await.unwrap_err();
+        assert!(error.message.contains("table editing is unsupported"));
+        assert!(!db.is_connected("clickhouse"));
+        db.set_manual_commit("clickhouse", false).await.unwrap();
+    }
+}

crates/ide-db/src/plan.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ pub fn explain_statement(driver: DbDriver, statement: &str) -> String {
     match driver {
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN {s}"),
         DbDriver::Postgres => format!("EXPLAIN (FORMAT JSON) {s}"),
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => format!("EXPLAIN json = 1 {s}"),
         DbDriver::Mysql => format!("EXPLAIN {s}"),
         DbDriver::SqlServer => format!("SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON; {s}"),
     }
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn explain_statement(driver: DbDriver, statement: &str) -> String {
 pub fn parse(driver: DbDriver, result: &QueryResult) -> IdeResult<Vec<PlanNode>> {
     match driver {
         DbDriver::Sqlite => Ok(sqlite(&result.rows)),
-        DbDriver::Postgres => {
+        DbDriver::Postgres | DbDriver::Clickhouse => {
             let text: String =
                 result.rows.iter().filter_map(|r| r.first().cloned().flatten()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n");
             let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text).map_err(|e| IdeError::invalid(format!("plan: {e}")))?;
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(explain_statement(DbDriver::Sqlite, "select 1;"), "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN select 1");
         assert_eq!(explain_statement(DbDriver::Postgres, " select 1 "), "EXPLAIN (FORMAT JSON) select 1");
         assert_eq!(explain_statement(DbDriver::Mysql, "select 1"), "EXPLAIN select 1");
+        assert_eq!(explain_statement(DbDriver::Clickhouse, " select 1;"), "EXPLAIN json = 1 select 1");
         assert_eq!(explain_statement(DbDriver::SqlServer, "select 1"), "SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON; select 1");
     }
 
@@ -254,6 +256,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!((plan[3].parent, plan[3].operation.as_str()), (Some(2), "Seq Scan"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn reads_clickhouse_json_plans_and_rejects_invalid_json() {
+        let json = r#"[{"Plan": {"Node Type": "Expression", "Node Id": "Expression_5",
+            "Description": "Project names", "Plans": [
+                {"Node Type": "ReadFromMergeTree", "Node Id": "ReadFromMergeTree_0",
+                 "Description": "default.events"}
+            ]}}]"#;
+        let plan = parse(DbDriver::Clickhouse, &result(&["explain"], vec![vec![Some(json)]])).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(plan.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!((plan[0].parent, plan[0].operation.as_str()), (None, "Expression"));
+        assert_eq!((plan[1].parent, plan[1].operation.as_str()), (Some(0), "ReadFromMergeTree"));
+        assert!(plan[1].properties.iter().any(|p| p.name == "Description" && p.value == "default.events"));
+        assert!(parse(DbDriver::Clickhouse, &result(&["explain"], vec![vec![Some("invalid")]])).is_err());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn reads_mysql_rows() {
         let r = result(

crates/ide-db/src/source.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub enum DbDriver {
     Mysql,
     /// Microsoft SQL Server.
     SqlServer,
+    Clickhouse,
 }
 
 impl DbDriver {
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ impl DbDriver {
             DbDriver::Postgres => Some(5432),
             DbDriver::Mysql => Some(3306),
             DbDriver::SqlServer => Some(1433),
+            DbDriver::Clickhouse => Some(8123),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -253,6 +255,7 @@ pub fn scheme_driver(scheme: &str) -> Option<DbDriver> {
         "mysql" | "mariadb" | "tidb" | "singlestore" | "memsql" | "oceanbase" => Some(DbDriver::Mysql),
         "sqlserver" | "mssql" | "mssqlserver" => Some(DbDriver::SqlServer),
         "sqlite" | "sqlite3" => Some(DbDriver::Sqlite),
+        "clickhouse" | "http" | "https" => Some(DbDriver::Clickhouse),
         _ => None,
     }
 }
@@ -260,7 +263,7 @@ pub fn scheme_driver(scheme: &str) -> Option<DbDriver> {
 /// Parses `scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port][/database][?k=v&…]`, `jdbc:` forms
 /// included, and `sqlite:path`.
 pub fn parse_url(raw: &str) -> IdeResult<ParsedUrl> {
-    let bad = || IdeError::invalid(format!("not a database URL: {raw}"));
+    let bad = || IdeError::invalid("invalid database URL");
     let url = raw.trim();
     let url = url.strip_prefix("jdbc:").or_else(|| url.strip_prefix("JDBC:")).unwrap_or(url);
     let (scheme, rest) = url.split_once(':').ok_or_else(bad)?;
@@ -367,6 +370,15 @@ impl DataSource {
         }
         properties.append(&mut s.properties);
         s.properties = properties;
+        if s.driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+            let raw_url = self.url.trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
+            let url = raw_url.strip_prefix("jdbc:").unwrap_or(&raw_url);
+            if url.starts_with("https://") {
+                s.ssl = DbSslMode::VerifyFull;
+            } else if url.starts_with("http://") {
+                s.ssl = DbSslMode::Disable;
+            }
+        }
         Ok(s)
     }
 
@@ -519,4 +531,31 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(DataSource { url: "mysql://h/db".into(), ..s.clone() }.resolved().is_err());
         assert_eq!(DataSource { url_only: false, ..s }.resolved().unwrap().host, "localhost");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_urls_resolve_http_https_and_credentials() {
+        assert_eq!(DbDriver::Clickhouse.default_port(), Some(8123));
+        let source = DataSource {
+            driver: DbDriver::Clickhouse,
+            url_only: true,
+            url: "https://reader:s%[email protected]:8443/analytics?max_execution_time=30".into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let resolved = source.resolved().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resolved.host, "db.example");
+        assert_eq!(resolved.port, Some(8443));
+        assert_eq!(resolved.database, "analytics");
+        assert_eq!(resolved.user, "reader");
+        assert_eq!(resolved.ssl, DbSslMode::VerifyFull);
+        assert_eq!(source.url_password().as_deref(), Some("s@cret"));
+        assert_eq!(resolved.properties[0].name, "max_execution_time");
+        let http = DataSource { url: "http://localhost/default".into(), ..source.clone() }.resolved().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(http.ssl, DbSslMode::Disable);
+        let jdbc = DataSource { url: "jdbc:clickhouse://localhost/analytics".into(), ..source.clone() };
+        assert_eq!(jdbc.resolved().unwrap().database, "analytics");
+        let secure = DataSource { url: "https://db.example/default?sslmode=disable".into(), ..source };
+        assert_eq!(secure.resolved().unwrap().ssl, DbSslMode::VerifyFull);
+        let error = parse_url("clickhouse://reader:[email protected]:invalid/default").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(!error.message.contains("secret"));
+    }
 }

crates/ide-db/src/split.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ enum State {
 /// Every statement of `text` that contains more than whitespace and comments.
 pub fn split(text: &str, driver: DbDriver) -> Vec<SqlStatement> {
     let mysql = driver == DbDriver::Mysql;
+    let clickhouse = driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse;
     let chars: Vec<(usize, char)> = text.char_indices().collect();
     // UTF-16 offset of each char index (plus the end).
     let mut u16_at = Vec::with_capacity(chars.len() + 1);
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ pub fn split(text: &str, driver: DbDriver) -> Vec<SqlStatement> {
                     state = State::Double;
                     has_code = true;
                 }
-                '`' if mysql => {
+                '`' if mysql || clickhouse => {
                     state = State::Backtick;
                     has_code = true;
                 }
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn split(text: &str, driver: DbDriver) -> Vec<SqlStatement> {
                 _ => {}
             },
             State::Single => {
-                if mysql && c == '\\' {
+                if (mysql || clickhouse) && c == '\\' {
                     i += 1;
                 } else if c == '\'' {
                     if next == Some('\'') {
@@ -128,7 +129,9 @@ pub fn split(text: &str, driver: DbDriver) -> Vec<SqlStatement> {
                 }
             }
             State::Double => {
-                if c == '"' {
+                if clickhouse && c == '\\' {
+                    i += 1;
+                } else if c == '"' {
                     if next == Some('"') {
                         i += 1;
                     } else {
@@ -137,7 +140,9 @@ pub fn split(text: &str, driver: DbDriver) -> Vec<SqlStatement> {
                 }
             }
             State::Backtick => {
-                if c == '`' {
+                if clickhouse && (c == '\\' || (c == '`' && next == Some('`'))) {
+                    i += 1;
+                } else if c == '`' {
                     state = State::Code;
                 }
             }
@@ -224,6 +229,12 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(texts(sql, DbDriver::Mysql), vec!["select `a;b`, 'it\\'s;' from t # x;y", "select 2"]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_backticks_and_escaped_quotes_keep_statements_intact() {
+        let query = r#"SELECT `a\`;b`, "c\";d", 'it\'s;safe'; SELECT 2"#;
+        assert_eq!(texts(query, DbDriver::Clickhouse), vec![r#"SELECT `a\`;b`, "c\";d", 'it\'s;safe'"#, "SELECT 2"]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn postgres_dollar_quotes() {
         let sql =

crates/ide-db/src/sql.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use specta::Type;
 
 pub fn quote_ident(driver: DbDriver, name: &str) -> String {
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => format!("`{}`", name.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('`', "\\`")),
         DbDriver::Mysql => format!("`{}`", name.replace('`', "``")),
         DbDriver::SqlServer => format!("[{}]", name.replace(']', "]]")),
         _ => format!("\"{}\"", name.replace('"', "\"\"")),
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn quote_ident(driver: DbDriver, name: &str) -> String {
 
 pub fn quote_literal(driver: DbDriver, value: &str) -> String {
     let mut s = value.replace('\'', "''");
-    if driver == DbDriver::Mysql {
+    if matches!(driver, DbDriver::Mysql | DbDriver::Clickhouse) {
         s = s.replace('\\', "\\\\");
     }
     format!("'{s}'")
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ pub const INTERNAL_DATABASES: &[&str] = &["rdsadmin", "azure_maintenance", "azur
 pub fn schemas(driver: DbDriver, system: bool) -> &'static str {
     match driver {
         DbDriver::Sqlite => "SELECT name FROM pragma_database_list WHERE name <> 'temp' ORDER BY seq",
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse if system => "SELECT name FROM system.databases ORDER BY name",
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => {
+            "SELECT name FROM system.databases WHERE lower(name) NOT IN ('system', 'information_schema') ORDER BY name"
+        }
         DbDriver::Postgres if system => {
             "SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata \
              WHERE schema_name NOT LIKE 'pg\\_toast%' AND schema_name NOT LIKE 'pg\\_temp%' ORDER BY 1"
@@ -73,6 +78,12 @@ pub fn schemas(driver: DbDriver, system: bool) -> &'static str {
 /// Rows: `name, kind` where kind is `table`, `view` or `materialized view`.
 pub fn tables(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str) -> String {
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => format!(
+            "SELECT name, CASE engine WHEN 'View' THEN 'view' WHEN 'MaterializedView' THEN 'materialized view' \
+             WHEN 'WindowView' THEN 'view' ELSE 'table' END FROM system.tables \
+             WHERE database = {} AND is_temporary = 0 ORDER BY name",
+            quote_literal(driver, schema)
+        ),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!(
             "SELECT name, type FROM {}.sqlite_master WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') \
              AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite\\_%' ESCAPE '\\' ORDER BY name",
@@ -101,6 +112,12 @@ pub fn tables(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str) -> String {
 pub fn columns(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
     let (s, t) = (quote_literal(driver, schema), quote_literal(driver, table));
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => format!(
+            "SELECT name, type, CASE WHEN startsWith(type, 'Nullable(') \
+             OR startsWith(type, 'LowCardinality(Nullable(') THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END, \
+             if(default_kind = '', NULL, default_expression), is_in_primary_key \
+             FROM system.columns WHERE database = {s} AND table = {t} ORDER BY position"
+        ),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!(
             "SELECT name, type, CASE WHEN \"notnull\" = 0 THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END, dflt_value, \
              CASE WHEN pk > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END FROM pragma_table_info({t}, {s}) ORDER BY cid"
@@ -138,6 +155,12 @@ pub fn columns(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
 pub fn indexes(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
     let (s, t) = (quote_literal(driver, schema), quote_literal(driver, table));
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => format!(
+            "SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'PRIMARY KEY' AS index_name, 0 AS is_unique, primary_key AS expression \
+             FROM system.tables WHERE database = {s} AND name = {t} AND primary_key != '' \
+             UNION ALL SELECT name, 0, expr FROM system.data_skipping_indices \
+             WHERE database = {s} AND table = {t}) ORDER BY index_name"
+        ),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!(
             "SELECT il.name, il.\"unique\", ii.name FROM pragma_index_list({t}, {s}) il \
              JOIN pragma_index_info(il.name, {s}) ii ORDER BY il.name, ii.seqno"
@@ -169,6 +192,15 @@ pub fn indexes(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
 /// for SQL completion, grouped by table in column order.
 pub fn completion_columns(driver: DbDriver) -> &'static str {
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => {
+            "SELECT c.database, c.table, CASE t.engine WHEN 'View' THEN 'view' \
+             WHEN 'MaterializedView' THEN 'materialized view' WHEN 'WindowView' THEN 'view' ELSE 'table' END, \
+             c.name, c.type, CASE WHEN startsWith(c.type, 'Nullable(') \
+             OR startsWith(c.type, 'LowCardinality(Nullable(') THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END, c.is_in_primary_key, 1 \
+             FROM system.columns c JOIN system.tables t ON t.database = c.database AND t.name = c.table \
+             WHERE lower(c.database) NOT IN ('system', 'information_schema') AND t.is_temporary = 0 \
+             ORDER BY c.database, c.table, c.position LIMIT 50000"
+        }
         DbDriver::Sqlite => {
             "SELECT 'main', m.name, m.type, p.name, p.type, CASE WHEN p.\"notnull\" = 0 THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END, \
              CASE WHEN p.pk > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END, \
@@ -221,6 +253,7 @@ pub fn completion_columns(driver: DbDriver) -> &'static str {
 /// when the key references the primary key implicitly.
 pub fn foreign_keys(driver: DbDriver) -> &'static str {
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => "SELECT '', '', '', '', '', '', '' WHERE 0",
         DbDriver::Sqlite => {
             "SELECT 'main', m.name, f.id, f.\"from\", 'main', f.\"table\", f.\"to\" \
              FROM sqlite_master m JOIN pragma_foreign_key_list(m.name) f \
@@ -258,6 +291,7 @@ pub fn foreign_keys(driver: DbDriver) -> &'static str {
 pub fn table_foreign_keys(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
     let (s, t) = (quote_literal(driver, schema), quote_literal(driver, table));
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => foreign_keys(driver).to_owned(),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!(
             "SELECT {s}, {t}, f.id, f.\"from\", {s}, f.\"table\", f.\"to\"              FROM pragma_foreign_key_list({t}, {s}) f ORDER BY f.id, f.seq"
         ),
@@ -276,6 +310,7 @@ pub fn table_foreign_keys(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String
 /// The schema unqualified names resolve to (`None`: always `main`).
 pub fn current_schema(driver: DbDriver) -> Option<&'static str> {
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => Some("SELECT currentDatabase()"),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => None,
         DbDriver::Postgres => Some("SELECT current_schema()"),
         DbDriver::Mysql => Some("SELECT DATABASE()"),
@@ -362,6 +397,9 @@ fn where_key(driver: DbDriver, key: &[CellValue]) -> String {
 /// The DML statement for `edit`. Values are written as quoted literals, which
 /// every supported database coerces to the column type.
 pub fn edit_statement(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str, edit: &DbRowEdit) -> Result<String, String> {
+    if driver == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
+        return Err("ClickHouse table editing is unsupported: primary keys do not uniquely identify rows and edits require transactions".into());
+    }
     let target = qualified(driver, schema, table);
     match edit {
         DbRowEdit::Update { key, values } => {
@@ -450,6 +488,7 @@ pub fn postgres_ddl_indexes(oid: u32) -> String {
 pub fn triggers(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str, table: &str) -> String {
     let (s, t) = (quote_literal(driver, schema), quote_literal(driver, table));
     match driver {
+        DbDriver::Clickhouse => "SELECT '', '', '' WHERE 0".to_owned(),
         DbDriver::Sqlite => format!(
             "SELECT name, sql FROM {}.sqlite_master WHERE type = 'trigger' AND tbl_name = {t} ORDER BY name",
             quote_ident(driver, schema)
@@ -492,7 +531,7 @@ pub fn sqlite_trigger_event(sql: &str) -> (String, String) {
 pub fn routines(driver: DbDriver, schema: &str) -> Option<String> {
     let s = quote_literal(driver, schema);
     match driver {
-        DbDriver::Sqlite => None,
+        DbDriver::Sqlite | DbDriver::Clickhouse => None,
         // Functions of extensions are left out, as in IDEA.
         DbDriver::Postgres => Some(format!(
             "SELECT p.proname, CASE WHEN p.prokind = 'p' THEN 'procedure' ELSE 'function' END, \
@@ -625,6 +664,71 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(quote_literal(DbDriver::Mysql, "it's \\"), "'it''s \\\\'");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_escapes_backslashes_and_delimiters() {
+        let driver = DbDriver::Clickhouse;
+        assert_eq!(quote_literal(driver, r"path\O'Brien"), r"'path\\O''Brien'");
+        assert_eq!(quote_literal(driver, r"\' OR 1 = 1 --"), r"'\\'' OR 1 = 1 --'");
+        assert_eq!(quote_ident(driver, r"a\`b"), r"`a\\\`b`");
+        assert_eq!(qualified(driver, "data base", "event`log"), r"`data base`.`event\`log`");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_metadata_preserves_types_defaults_and_nonunique_keys() {
+        let driver = DbDriver::Clickhouse;
+        assert_eq!(schemas(driver, true), "SELECT name FROM system.databases ORDER BY name");
+        assert!(schemas(driver, false).contains("lower(name) NOT IN ('system', 'information_schema')"));
+        assert_eq!(current_schema(driver), Some("SELECT currentDatabase()"));
+        let relations = tables(driver, "event's\\db");
+        assert!(relations.contains("WHEN 'MaterializedView' THEN 'materialized view'"));
+        assert!(relations.contains(r"WHERE database = 'event''s\\db' AND is_temporary = 0"));
+        let fields = columns(driver, "default", "events");
+        assert!(fields.starts_with("SELECT name, type, CASE WHEN startsWith(type, 'Nullable(')"));
+        assert!(fields.contains("startsWith(type, 'LowCardinality(Nullable(')"));
+        assert!(fields.contains("if(default_kind = '', NULL, default_expression), is_in_primary_key"));
+        assert!(fields.ends_with("WHERE database = 'default' AND table = 'events' ORDER BY position"));
+        let keys = indexes(driver, "default", "events");
+        assert!(keys.contains("'PRIMARY KEY' AS index_name, 0 AS is_unique, primary_key AS expression"));
+        assert!(keys.contains("SELECT name, 0, expr FROM system.data_skipping_indices"));
+        let completion = completion_columns(driver);
+        assert!(completion.contains("c.is_in_primary_key, 1"));
+        assert!(completion.contains("ORDER BY c.database, c.table, c.position LIMIT 50000"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_has_no_foreign_key_trigger_or_schema_routine_catalogs() {
+        let driver = DbDriver::Clickhouse;
+        assert_eq!(foreign_keys(driver), "SELECT '', '', '', '', '', '', '' WHERE 0");
+        assert_eq!(table_foreign_keys(driver, "default", "events"), foreign_keys(driver));
+        assert_eq!(triggers(driver, "default", "events"), "SELECT '', '', '' WHERE 0");
+        assert!(routines(driver, "default").is_none());
+        assert!(sequences(driver, "default").is_none());
+        assert!(object_ddl(driver, "default", crate::DbObjectKind::Trigger, "t").is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_pages_quote_keys_and_fetch_one_extra_row() {
+        let sort = [SortKey { column: "event`id".into(), descending: true }];
+        assert_eq!(
+            table_page(DbDriver::Clickhouse, "default", "events", Some("WHERE id > 3"), &sort, 50, 25),
+            r"SELECT * FROM `default`.`events` WHERE id > 3 ORDER BY `event\`id` DESC LIMIT 26 OFFSET 50"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clickhouse_keys_never_enable_transactional_table_edits() {
+        let key = vec![cv("id", Some("1"))];
+        for edit in [
+            DbRowEdit::Update { key: key.clone(), values: vec![cv("name", Some("new"))] },
+            DbRowEdit::Delete { key },
+            DbRowEdit::Insert { values: vec![cv("name", Some("new"))] },
+            DbRowEdit::Insert { values: vec![] },
+        ] {
+            let error = edit_statement(DbDriver::Clickhouse, "default", "events", &edit).unwrap_err();
+            assert!(error.contains("primary keys do not uniquely identify rows"));
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn pages() {
         let sort = [SortKey { column: "id".into(), descending: true }];

crates/ide-db/tests/clickhouse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
+use ide_db::{CellValue, DataSource, DbDriver, DbManager, DbRowEdit, DbSslMode, SortKey, sql};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+fn check(condition: bool, message: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
+    if condition { Ok(()) } else { Err(IdeError::invalid(message)) }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+#[ignore = "requires CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST, CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER, and CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD"]
+async fn clickhouse_cloud_manager_catalogs_and_session_table() -> IdeResult<()> {
+    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+    let root = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
+    let ssh = Arc::new(ide_ssh::SshManager::new(root.join("ssh-passwords.json")));
+    let db = DbManager::new(root.clone(), root.join("passwords.json"), root.join("history.json"), ssh);
+    let mut source = DataSource {
+        id: "clickhouse".into(),
+        name: "clickhouse".into(),
+        driver: DbDriver::Clickhouse,
+        host: std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST").expect("set CLICKHOUSE_TEST_HOST"),
+        port: Some(
+            std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PORT")
+                .map(|value| value.parse().expect("numeric CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PORT"))
+                .unwrap_or(8443),
+        ),
+        user: std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER").expect("set CLICKHOUSE_TEST_USER"),
+        database: "default".into(),
+        ssl: DbSslMode::VerifyFull,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    source.introspection.show_system = true;
+    let password = std::env::var("CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD").expect("set CLICKHOUSE_TEST_PASSWORD");
+    check(!db.test(&source, Some(password.clone()), None).await?.is_empty(), "missing server version")?;
+    db.save_sources(vec![source]).await?;
+    db.set_password("clickhouse", Some(password), false).await?;
+    let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
+    let suffix = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_nanos();
+    let name = format!("manager_test_{}_{suffix}", std::process::id());
+    let table = sql::quote_ident(DbDriver::Clickhouse, &name);
+    db.execute(
+        "clickhouse",
+        &format!(
+            "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE {table} (id UInt64, label Nullable(String) DEFAULT NULL, \
+             category LowCardinality(Nullable(String)) DEFAULT NULL, items Array(Nullable(UInt8)), \
+             label_size UInt64 ALIAS length(ifNull(label, ''))) ENGINE = Memory"
+        ),
+        0,
+        &cancel,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let checked: IdeResult<()> = async {
+        db.execute(
+            "clickhouse",
+            &format!("INSERT INTO {table} (id, label, items) VALUES (1, 'first', [1, NULL]), (1, NULL, [])"),
+            0,
+            &cancel,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        let schemas = db.schemas("clickhouse").await?;
+        check(schemas.iter().any(|schema| schema == "default"), "default database missing")?;
+        check(schemas.iter().any(|schema| schema == "system"), "system database missing")?;
+        let tables = db.tables("clickhouse", "system").await?;
+        check(tables.iter().any(|table| table.name == "one"), "system table listing missing one")?;
+        let details = db.table_details("clickhouse", "", &name).await?;
+        check(details.columns.len() == 5, "temporary table columns missing")?;
+        for (name, data_type, nullable) in [
+            ("id", "UInt64", false),
+            ("label", "Nullable(String)", true),
+            ("category", "LowCardinality(Nullable(String))", true),
+            ("items", "Array(Nullable(UInt8))", false),
+        ] {
+            check(
+                details
+                    .columns
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|column| column.name == name && column.data_type == data_type && column.nullable == nullable),
+                "column type or nullability mismatch",
+            )?;
+        }
+        check(
+            details.columns.iter().any(|column| column.name == "label" && column.default.as_deref() == Some("NULL")),
+            "explicit default expression missing",
+        )?;
+        check(details.indexes.iter().all(|index| !index.unique), "ClickHouse index reported unique")?;
+        check(details.foreign_keys.is_empty() && details.triggers.is_empty(), "unsupported table objects returned")?;
+        let sort = [SortKey { column: "id".into(), descending: false }];
+        let first = db.table_page("clickhouse", "", &name, None, &sort, 0, 1, &cancel).await?;
+        check(first.result.rows.len() == 1 && first.result.has_more, "first page limit failed")?;
+        let second = db.table_page("clickhouse", "", &name, None, &sort, 1, 1, &cancel).await?;
+        check(second.result.rows.len() == 1 && !second.result.has_more, "page offset failed")?;
+        let ddl = db.ddl("clickhouse", "", &name).await?;
+        check(ddl.contains(&name) && ddl.contains("Memory"), "temporary table DDL missing")?;
+        let completion = db.completion("clickhouse").await?;
+        check(completion.default_schema == "default", "completion default database mismatch")?;
+        check(completion.foreign_keys.is_empty(), "completion returned unsupported foreign keys")?;
+        if let Some(table) = completion.tables.first() {
+            let details = db.table_details("clickhouse", &table.schema, &table.name).await?;
+            check(
+                table.columns.iter().all(|column| {
+                    details.columns.iter().any(|field| field.name == column.name && field.data_type == column.data_type)
+                }),
+                "completion columns differ from catalog",
+            )?;
+        }
+        let plan = db.explain("clickhouse", &format!("SELECT id FROM {table}"), &cancel).await?;
+        check(!plan.is_empty(), "query plan missing")?;
+        let value = r"path\O'Brien";
+        let result = db
+            .execute("clickhouse", &format!("SELECT {}", sql::quote_literal(DbDriver::Clickhouse, value)), 1, &cancel)
+            .await?;
+        check(result.rows == vec![vec![Some(value.to_owned())]], "quoted literal changed value")?;
+        let edits = [DbRowEdit::Update {
+            key: vec![CellValue { column: "id".into(), value: Some("1".into()) }],
+            values: vec![CellValue { column: "label".into(), value: Some("changed".into()) }],
+        }];
+        check(
+            db.apply_edits("clickhouse", "", &name, &edits)
+                .await
+                .err()
+                .is_some_and(|error| error.message.contains("table editing is unsupported")),
+            "supplied row key authorized table editing",
+        )?;
+        check(db.set_manual_commit("clickhouse", true).await.is_err(), "manual transactions were accepted")?;
+        for commit in [false, true] {
+            check(db.finish_transaction("clickhouse", commit).await.is_err(), "transaction control was accepted")?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    .await;
+    let cleanup = db.execute("clickhouse", &format!("DROP TEMPORARY TABLE {table}"), 0, &cancel).await;
+    db.disconnect("clickhouse").await;
+    checked?;
+    cleanup?;
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/ide-db/tests/sqlite.rs

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ async fn count(db: &DbManager) -> String {
 async fn manual_commit_keeps_a_transaction_until_commit_or_rollback() -> IdeResult<()> {
     let (_tmp, db) = setup().await;
     let c = CancellationToken::new();
-    db.set_manual_commit("s1", true).await;
+    db.set_manual_commit("s1", true).await.unwrap();
     db.execute("s1", "INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ('dee')", 1, &c).await?;
     // The session sees its own change.
     assert_eq!(count(&db).await, "4");
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ async fn manual_commit_keeps_a_transaction_until_commit_or_rollback() -> IdeResu
     db.finish_transaction("s1", true).await?;
     // Leaving manual mode rolls back what is still open.
     db.execute("s1", "DELETE FROM users", 1, &c).await?;
-    db.set_manual_commit("s1", false).await;
+    db.set_manual_commit("s1", false).await.unwrap();
     assert_eq!(count(&db).await, "4");
     // Disconnecting with an open transaction does not hang.
-    db.set_manual_commit("s1", true).await;
+    db.set_manual_commit("s1", true).await.unwrap();
     db.execute("s1", "DELETE FROM users", 1, &c).await?;
     db.disconnect("s1").await;
     assert_eq!(count(&db).await, "4");

crates/ide-docker/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,8 +13,5 @@ specta.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 which = "8"
 
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2"
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile.workspace = true

crates/ide-docker/src/process.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 //! Child processes of the docker CLI: bounded runs and cancellable line streams.
 
+use ide_core::process::terminate_tree;
 use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
 use std::io::Read;
 use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
 use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
+/// How long a cancelled or timed-out child's process group (CLI plugins such as compose)
+/// gets to exit on `SIGTERM`, and clean up, before `SIGKILL`.
+const KILL_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(20);
+
 pub(crate) struct Output {
     pub stdout: String,
     pub stderr: String,
@@ -20,36 +25,13 @@ pub(crate) enum Stream {
 
 fn prepare(cmd: &mut Command) {
     cmd.stdin(Stdio::null()).stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    {
-        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
-        cmd.process_group(0);
-    }
-    ide_core::process::prepare(cmd);
+    ide_core::process::prepare(ide_core::process::own_group(cmd));
 }
 
 fn spawn(cmd: &mut Command) -> IdeResult<Child> {
     cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| IdeError::unavailable(format!("could not run docker: {e}")))
 }
 
-/// Kills the child and, on Unix, its whole process group (CLI plugins such as compose).
-pub(crate) fn kill(child: &mut Child) {
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    {
-        let pid = child.id() as libc::pid_t;
-        // SAFETY: plain syscall; the child leads its own process group (`prepare`).
-        unsafe {
-            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGTERM);
-        }
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
-        unsafe {
-            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGKILL);
-        }
-    }
-    let _ = child.kill();
-    let _ = child.wait();
-}
-
 fn read_all(mut pipe: impl Read + Send + 'static) -> std::thread::JoinHandle<String> {
     std::thread::spawn(move || {
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
@@ -88,11 +70,11 @@ pub(crate) fn run_with_input(
             break status;
         }
         if cancel.is_some_and(CancellationToken::is_cancelled) {
-            kill(&mut child);
+            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
             return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
         }
         if Instant::now() >= deadline {
-            kill(&mut child);
+            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
             return Err(IdeError::unavailable("docker did not respond in time"));
         }
         std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
@@ -166,7 +148,7 @@ pub(crate) fn stream(
     let mut stderr_tail: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
     while open > 0 {
         if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-            kill(&mut child);
+            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
             return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
         }
         match rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(50)) {
@@ -189,7 +171,7 @@ pub(crate) fn stream(
             break status;
         }
         if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-            kill(&mut child);
+            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
             return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
         }
         std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));

crates/ide-extension/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[package]
+name = "ide-extension"
+description = "Plugin manifest, extension points, contribution registry and capability model (no Wasm runtime)"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+ide-core.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+specta.workspace = true
+specta-typescript.workspace = true
+toml.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+parking_lot.workspace = true
+semver = "1"
+blake3.workspace = true
+zip.workspace = true
+base64.workspace = true
+ed25519-dalek = "3"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile.workspace = true

crates/ide-extension/src/capability.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+//! What a plugin may do beyond pure computation, and how risky each grant is.
+//!
+//! Capabilities are written as strings in the manifest (`project.read`,
+//! `net:crates.io`, `process:cargo`) and stored the same way in the grant
+//! ledger. The 0.1 permission names (`project-read`, …) parse as their 0.2
+//! equivalents.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+use specta::Type;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Capability {
+    /// Read files inside the project root; the project root itself.
+    ProjectRead,
+    /// The focused editor's file, selection and text.
+    EditorRead,
+    /// Edit the focused editor (versioned edits).
+    EditorWrite,
+    VcsRead,
+    VcsWrite,
+    /// The plugin's own key-value store and data directory.
+    Storage,
+    /// The plugin's own secrets (kept in the client's OS keychain).
+    Secrets,
+    /// Workbench events (file opened, saved, focus…), not keystrokes.
+    Events,
+    /// Keystrokes and editor input events.
+    InputEvents,
+    /// The system clipboard, from the plugin's web views.
+    Clipboard,
+    /// HTTP(S) to one host (`*.example.com` matches subdomains).
+    Net(String),
+    /// Run one external program. Full code execution: never fine-grained.
+    Process(String),
+    /// Read files outside the project under one path.
+    FsRead(String),
+}
+
+/// How a grant is presented (plan 4.2).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum Risk {
+    /// Listed on the install page, one confirmation.
+    Low,
+    /// Listed separately with its purpose.
+    Medium,
+    /// Separate dialog: "equivalent to running arbitrary code on this machine".
+    High,
+}
+
+impl Capability {
+    pub fn risk(&self) -> Risk {
+        match self {
+            Self::ProjectRead | Self::EditorRead | Self::Storage | Self::Events | Self::VcsRead => Risk::Low,
+            Self::EditorWrite | Self::VcsWrite | Self::Net(_) | Self::Secrets | Self::InputEvents | Self::Clipboard => {
+                Risk::Medium
+            }
+            Self::Process(_) | Self::FsRead(_) => Risk::High,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Low-risk capabilities that the one-time migration of the 0.1 "declared
+    /// means granted" behaviour may grant automatically (plan 4.6).
+    pub fn auto_migrates(&self) -> bool {
+        self.risk() == Risk::Low
+    }
+
+    /// Short user-facing description for install and grant pages.
+    pub fn describe(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::ProjectRead => "Read files in the open project".into(),
+            Self::EditorRead => "Read the focused editor's file and selection".into(),
+            Self::EditorWrite => "Change text in the editor".into(),
+            Self::VcsRead => "Read version control state".into(),
+            Self::VcsWrite => "Change version control state (commit, fetch, checkout)".into(),
+            Self::Storage => "Store its own data".into(),
+            Self::Secrets => "Store secrets in the system keychain".into(),
+            Self::Events => "Observe workbench events (files opened, saved, focus)".into(),
+            Self::InputEvents => "Observe keystrokes and editor input".into(),
+            Self::Clipboard => "Read and write the clipboard from its web views".into(),
+            Self::Net(host) => format!("Connect to {host} (from the machine the project is on)"),
+            Self::Process(bin) => format!("Run {bin} — equivalent to running arbitrary code on this machine"),
+            Self::FsRead(path) => format!("Read files under {path}, outside the project"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `self`, granted, also covers `wanted` (`net:*.x.com` covers `net:a.x.com`).
+    pub fn covers(&self, wanted: &Capability) -> bool {
+        match (self, wanted) {
+            (Self::Net(pattern), Self::Net(host)) => host_matches(pattern, host),
+            (Self::FsRead(base), Self::FsRead(path)) => {
+                std::path::Path::new(path).starts_with(std::path::Path::new(base))
+            }
+            _ => self == wanted,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `example.com` matches exactly; `*.example.com` matches any subdomain (not the apex).
+pub fn host_matches(pattern: &str, host: &str) -> bool {
+    let host = host.trim_end_matches('.').to_ascii_lowercase();
+    let pattern = pattern.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    match pattern.strip_prefix("*.") {
+        Some(suffix) => host.len() > suffix.len() + 1 && host.ends_with(&format!(".{suffix}")),
+        None => host == pattern,
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Capability {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::ProjectRead => f.write_str("project.read"),
+            Self::EditorRead => f.write_str("editor.read"),
+            Self::EditorWrite => f.write_str("editor.write"),
+            Self::VcsRead => f.write_str("vcs.read"),
+            Self::VcsWrite => f.write_str("vcs.write"),
+            Self::Storage => f.write_str("storage"),
+            Self::Secrets => f.write_str("secrets"),
+            Self::Events => f.write_str("events"),
+            Self::InputEvents => f.write_str("events.input"),
+            Self::Clipboard => f.write_str("clipboard"),
+            Self::Net(h) => write!(f, "net:{h}"),
+            Self::Process(b) => write!(f, "process:{b}"),
+            Self::FsRead(p) => write!(f, "fs.read:{p}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Capability {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let s = s.trim();
+        if let Some((kind, arg)) = s.split_once(':') {
+            let arg = arg.trim();
+            if arg.is_empty() {
+                return Err(format!("capability {s:?} needs a value after ':'"));
+            }
+            return match kind {
+                "net" => {
+                    let host = arg.strip_prefix("*.").unwrap_or(arg);
+                    let valid = !host.is_empty()
+                        && host.len() <= 253
+                        && host.split('.').all(|label| {
+                            !label.is_empty()
+                                && label.len() <= 63
+                                && label.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || b == b'-')
+                        });
+                    if valid { Ok(Self::Net(arg.to_ascii_lowercase())) } else { Err(format!("invalid host in {s:?}")) }
+                }
+                "process" => {
+                    if arg.contains(['/', '\\']) && !std::path::Path::new(arg).is_absolute() {
+                        return Err(format!("{s:?}: use a program name or an absolute path"));
+                    }
+                    Ok(Self::Process(arg.to_owned()))
+                }
+                "fs.read" => {
+                    if !std::path::Path::new(arg).is_absolute() && !arg.starts_with('~') {
+                        return Err(format!("{s:?}: use an absolute path (or ~/…)"));
+                    }
+                    Ok(Self::FsRead(arg.to_owned()))
+                }
+                _ => Err(format!("unknown capability {s:?}")),
+            };
+        }
+        Ok(match s {
+            "project.read" | "project-read" => Self::ProjectRead,
+            "editor.read" | "editor-read" => Self::EditorRead,
+            "editor.write" | "editor-write" => Self::EditorWrite,
+            "vcs.read" => Self::VcsRead,
+            "vcs.write" => Self::VcsWrite,
+            "storage" => Self::Storage,
+            "secrets" => Self::Secrets,
+            "events" => Self::Events,
+            "events.input" => Self::InputEvents,
+            "clipboard" => Self::Clipboard,
+            _ => return Err(format!("unknown capability {s:?}")),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for Capability {
+    fn serialize<S: Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        s.collect_str(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Capability {
+    fn deserialize<D: Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        String::deserialize(d)?.parse().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A capability as the UI shows it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct CapabilityInfo {
+    /// `project.read`, `net:crates.io`, …
+    pub id: String,
+    pub risk: Risk,
+    pub description: String,
+    /// Declared under `optional`: the plugin runs without it.
+    pub optional: bool,
+    /// Currently granted.
+    pub granted: bool,
+}
+
+impl CapabilityInfo {
+    pub fn new(cap: &Capability, optional: bool, granted: bool) -> Self {
+        Self { id: cap.to_string(), risk: cap.risk(), description: cap.describe(), optional, granted }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_and_prints() {
+        for s in [
+            "project.read",
+            "editor.write",
+            "vcs.write",
+            "storage",
+            "secrets",
+            "events",
+            "events.input",
+            "net:crates.io",
+            "net:*.github.com",
+            "process:cargo",
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(s.parse::<Capability>().unwrap().to_string(), s);
+        }
+        // Absolute paths are the platform's.
+        let (git, etc) = if cfg!(windows) {
+            (r"process:C:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe", r"fs.read:C:\Windows")
+        } else {
+            ("process:/usr/bin/git", "fs.read:/etc")
+        };
+        for s in [git, etc] {
+            assert_eq!(s.parse::<Capability>().unwrap().to_string(), s);
+        }
+        assert_eq!("project-read".parse::<Capability>().unwrap(), Capability::ProjectRead);
+        assert!("net:".parse::<Capability>().is_err());
+        assert!("net:a b".parse::<Capability>().is_err());
+        assert!("process:./evil".parse::<Capability>().is_err());
+        assert!("fs.read:rel".parse::<Capability>().is_err());
+        assert!("network".parse::<Capability>().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn risk_levels() {
+        assert_eq!(Capability::ProjectRead.risk(), Risk::Low);
+        assert_eq!(Capability::Net("x".into()).risk(), Risk::Medium);
+        assert_eq!(Capability::InputEvents.risk(), Risk::Medium);
+        assert_eq!("clipboard".parse::<Capability>().unwrap(), Capability::Clipboard);
+        assert_eq!(Capability::Clipboard.risk(), Risk::Medium);
+        assert_eq!(Capability::Process("cargo".into()).risk(), Risk::High);
+        assert!(Capability::Storage.auto_migrates() && !Capability::EditorWrite.auto_migrates());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn host_patterns() {
+        assert!(host_matches("crates.io", "crates.io"));
+        assert!(host_matches("crates.io", "CRATES.IO."));
+        assert!(!host_matches("crates.io", "static.crates.io"));
+        assert!(host_matches("*.github.com", "api.github.com"));
+        assert!(!host_matches("*.github.com", "github.com"));
+        assert!(!host_matches("*.github.com", "evilgithub.com"));
+        let any_gh: Capability = "net:*.github.com".parse().unwrap();
+        assert!(any_gh.covers(&"net:api.github.com".parse().unwrap()));
+        assert!(Capability::FsRead("/etc".into()).covers(&Capability::FsRead("/etc/hosts".into())));
+        assert!(!Capability::FsRead("/etc".into()).covers(&Capability::FsRead("/etcx".into())));
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/index.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//! The contribution index: validated UI
+//! declarations of installed packages, kept on disk so start-up does not
+//! validate them again (sanitising thousands of icon SVGs, say).
+//!
+//! Only packages with a [`Package::digest`] are indexed: installed copies,
+//! which the host never modifies after install. An entry is keyed by that
+//! digest, the extension point, the declaration and a salt naming the
+//! validation logic (the IDE version), so a new package version, a changed
+//! declaration or an IDE upgrade simply misses. A miss or an unreadable entry
+//! only costs the validation.
+
+use crate::point::Package;
+use crate::ui::UiDecl;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+/// Bumped when [`UiDecl`]'s serialized shape changes.
+const FORMAT: u32 = 1;
+
+pub struct ContributionIndex {
+    dir: PathBuf,
+    salt: String,
+}
+
+impl ContributionIndex {
+    /// `salt` names the validators' version (the IDE version).
+    pub fn new(dir: PathBuf, salt: &str) -> Self {
+        Self { dir, salt: format!("{FORMAT}:{salt}") }
+    }
+
+    /// Entries start with a prefix of the package digest, for pruning.
+    fn file(&self, digest: &str, point: &str, decl: &toml::Value) -> PathBuf {
+        let mut h = blake3::Hasher::new();
+        for part in [self.salt.as_str(), digest, point, &decl.to_string()] {
+            h.update(part.as_bytes());
+            h.update(&[0]);
+        }
+        let key = h.finalize().to_hex();
+        self.dir.join(format!("{}-{}.json", prefix(digest), &key[..32]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, pkg: &Package, point: &str, decl: &toml::Value) -> Option<UiDecl> {
+        let digest = pkg.digest.as_deref()?;
+        let bytes = std::fs::read(self.file(digest, point, decl)).ok()?;
+        serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).ok()
+    }
+
+    pub fn put(&self, pkg: &Package, point: &str, decl: &toml::Value, ui: &UiDecl) {
+        let Some(digest) = pkg.digest.as_deref() else { return };
+        let Ok(bytes) = serde_json::to_vec(ui) else { return };
+        let file = self.file(digest, point, decl);
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&self.dir);
+        let tmp = file.with_extension(format!("tmp{}", std::process::id()));
+        if std::fs::write(&tmp, bytes).and_then(|()| std::fs::rename(&tmp, &file)).is_err() {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&tmp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Removes entries of packages other than `live` (digests).
+    pub fn prune<'a>(&self, live: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>) {
+        let keep: BTreeSet<String> = live.into_iter().map(|d| prefix(d).to_owned()).collect();
+        let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&self.dir) else { return };
+        for e in entries.flatten() {
+            let name = e.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+            if !name.split_once('-').is_some_and(|(p, _)| keep.contains(p)) {
+                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(e.path());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn prefix(digest: &str) -> &str {
+    let d = digest.strip_prefix("blake3:").unwrap_or(digest);
+    let end = d.char_indices().nth(16).map_or(d.len(), |(i, _)| i);
+    &d[..end]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::manifest::Manifest;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hits_only_the_same_package_point_declaration_and_salt() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let index = ContributionIndex::new(tmp.path().join("idx"), "1.0");
+        let manifest =
+            Manifest::parse("id = \"p\"\nname = \"P\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\n").unwrap();
+        let pkg = Package::new(manifest, tmp.path().to_path_buf()).with_digest("blake3:00aa11bb22cc33dd44ee");
+        let decl: toml::Value = toml::from_str("id = \"x\"").unwrap();
+        let ui = UiDecl::new("x", "X", serde_json::json!({ "id": "x" }));
+        assert!(index.get(&pkg, "pt", &decl).is_none());
+        index.put(&pkg, "pt", &decl, &ui);
+        assert_eq!(index.get(&pkg, "pt", &decl).unwrap().label, "X");
+        assert!(index.get(&pkg, "other", &decl).is_none());
+        assert!(index.get(&pkg, "pt", &toml::from_str("id = \"y\"").unwrap()).is_none());
+        assert!(ContributionIndex::new(tmp.path().join("idx"), "1.1").get(&pkg, "pt", &decl).is_none());
+        let unhashed = Package { digest: None, ..pkg.clone() };
+        assert!(index.get(&unhashed, "pt", &decl).is_none(), "not an installed copy");
+
+        index.prune(["blake3:ffff"]);
+        assert!(index.get(&pkg, "pt", &decl).is_none());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/ledger.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+//! The grant ledger (plan 4.6): which capabilities the user granted to which
+//! plugin, saved as `grants.json` next to the installed plugins.
+//!
+//! - Installed plugins are keyed by id and remember the version and package
+//!   hash they were confirmed for. An update that needs no new capability is
+//!   accepted silently; one that does must be confirmed again.
+//! - Linked development plugins and project plugins (`.openidea/plugins/*`)
+//!   are keyed by their directory, not by hash, so rebuilding does not ask
+//!   again; new capabilities still do.
+//! - `process:<program>` grants record the program's absolute path and file
+//!   hash at grant time. Calls use that path, never a `PATH` lookup, and fail
+//!   when the file changed (re-confirmation needed).
+
+use crate::capability::{Capability, Risk};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+pub const LEDGER_FILE: &str = "grants.json";
+const FORMAT: u32 = 1;
+
+/// Whose grant an entry is.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "kind", content = "value", rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum Subject {
+    /// Installed under the plugins directory, by plugin id.
+    Installed(String),
+    /// A linked development plugin or a project plugin, by package directory.
+    Path(PathBuf),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct BinaryGrant {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    /// blake3 of the file when granted.
+    pub hash: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct Grant {
+    pub plugin_id: String,
+    /// The version and package hash the user confirmed (installed plugins).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub version: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub package_hash: String,
+    /// The user confirmed the plugin (the install page or the project-plugin prompt).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub confirmed: bool,
+    /// Granted capabilities (`project.read`, `net:x`, …).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub granted: BTreeSet<String>,
+    /// Optional capabilities the user declined (not asked again until re-confirmed).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub declined: BTreeSet<String>,
+    /// `process:<program>` → the program confirmed for it.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub binaries: BTreeMap<String, BinaryGrant>,
+    /// Migrated from 0.1: capabilities not granted yet are asked for on first
+    /// use instead of blocking the plugin from loading.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub ask_on_use: bool,
+}
+
+impl Grant {
+    pub fn has(&self, cap: &Capability) -> bool {
+        self.granted.iter().filter_map(|s| s.parse::<Capability>().ok()).any(|g| g.covers(cap))
+    }
+}
+
+/// What a plugin (in its current form) needs, to compare with its grant.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Request<'a> {
+    pub subject: Subject,
+    pub plugin_id: &'a str,
+    pub version: &'a str,
+    pub package_hash: &'a str,
+    pub required: Vec<Capability>,
+    pub optional: Vec<Capability>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Decision {
+    /// Load with these capabilities. `pending` required ones are asked for when
+    /// the plugin is first used (plugins migrated from 0.1 only).
+    Allowed { granted: Vec<Capability>, pending: Vec<Capability> },
+    /// Ask the user first. `new` lists what was never granted (all of it on first use).
+    NeedsConfirmation { new: Vec<Capability>, first_time: bool },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct File {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    format: u32,
+    /// The one-time migration from 0.1 ("declared means granted") ran.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    migrated: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    grants: Vec<(Subject, Grant)>,
+}
+
+/// The ledger, loaded into memory; [`Ledger::save`] writes it atomically.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Ledger {
+    path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    migrated: bool,
+    grants: BTreeMap<Subject, Grant>,
+}
+
+impl Ledger {
+    /// Loads `<dir>/grants.json`; a missing or unreadable file gives an empty
+    /// ledger with `needs_migration()` true.
+    pub fn load(dir: &Path) -> Self {
+        let path = dir.join(LEDGER_FILE);
+        let file: Option<File> = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).ok().and_then(|s| match serde_json::from_str(&s) {
+            Ok(f) => Some(f),
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("{}: {e}; starting with an empty grant ledger", path.display());
+                None
+            }
+        });
+        let existed = file.is_some();
+        let file = file.unwrap_or_default();
+        Self { path: Some(path), migrated: file.migrated || existed, grants: file.grants.into_iter().collect() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn in_memory() -> Self {
+        Self { path: None, migrated: true, grants: BTreeMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn save(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        let Some(path) = &self.path else { return Ok(()) };
+        let file = File {
+            format: FORMAT,
+            migrated: self.migrated,
+            grants: self.grants.iter().map(|(s, g)| (s.clone(), g.clone())).collect(),
+        };
+        let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&file).map_err(std::io::Error::other)?;
+        let tmp = path.with_extension("json.tmp");
+        std::fs::write(&tmp, json)?;
+        std::fs::rename(&tmp, path)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, subject: &Subject) -> Option<&Grant> {
+        self.grants.get(subject)
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, subject: &Subject) -> Option<Grant> {
+        self.grants.remove(subject)
+    }
+
+    /// Puts back an earlier state of `subject`'s grant (`None`: none), e.g.
+    /// after rolling back an update.
+    pub fn restore(&mut self, subject: &Subject, grant: Option<Grant>) {
+        match grant {
+            Some(g) => {
+                self.grants.insert(subject.clone(), g);
+            }
+            None => {
+                self.grants.remove(subject);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The one-time migration of 0.1's "declared means granted" has not run yet.
+    pub fn needs_migration(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.migrated
+    }
+
+    /// Migrates plugins installed before the ledger existed: low-risk
+    /// capabilities are granted, the rest are asked on first use.
+    pub fn migrate(&mut self, installed: &[Request<'_>]) {
+        for req in installed {
+            let granted: BTreeSet<String> =
+                req.required.iter().chain(&req.optional).filter(|c| c.auto_migrates()).map(|c| c.to_string()).collect();
+            self.grants.entry(req.subject.clone()).or_insert_with(|| Grant {
+                plugin_id: req.plugin_id.to_owned(),
+                version: req.version.to_owned(),
+                package_hash: req.package_hash.to_owned(),
+                confirmed: true,
+                granted,
+                ask_on_use: true,
+                ..Grant::default()
+            });
+        }
+        self.migrated = true;
+    }
+
+    /// Compares what the plugin needs with what was granted.
+    pub fn decide(&mut self, req: &Request<'_>) -> Decision {
+        let Some(grant) = self.grants.get_mut(&req.subject) else {
+            return Decision::NeedsConfirmation { new: req.required.clone(), first_time: true };
+        };
+        if !grant.confirmed {
+            return Decision::NeedsConfirmation { new: req.required.clone(), first_time: true };
+        }
+        let new: Vec<Capability> = req.required.iter().filter(|c| !grant.has(c)).cloned().collect();
+        if !new.is_empty() && !grant.ask_on_use {
+            return Decision::NeedsConfirmation { new, first_time: false };
+        }
+        // Same or fewer needs: accept an update silently (plan 4.6).
+        if grant.version != req.version || grant.package_hash != req.package_hash {
+            grant.version = req.version.to_owned();
+            grant.package_hash = req.package_hash.to_owned();
+        }
+        let granted = req.required.iter().chain(&req.optional).filter(|c| grant.has(c)).cloned().collect();
+        Decision::Allowed { granted, pending: new }
+    }
+
+    /// Records the user's confirmation: `required` plus the accepted optional capabilities.
+    pub fn confirm(
+        &mut self,
+        req: &Request<'_>,
+        accepted_optional: &[Capability],
+        binaries: BTreeMap<String, BinaryGrant>,
+    ) {
+        let grant = self.grants.entry(req.subject.clone()).or_default();
+        grant.plugin_id = req.plugin_id.to_owned();
+        grant.version = req.version.to_owned();
+        grant.package_hash = req.package_hash.to_owned();
+        grant.confirmed = true;
+        grant.ask_on_use = false;
+        for cap in req.required.iter().chain(accepted_optional) {
+            grant.granted.insert(cap.to_string());
+        }
+        for cap in &req.optional {
+            let s = cap.to_string();
+            if accepted_optional.contains(cap) {
+                grant.declined.remove(&s);
+            } else if !grant.granted.contains(&s) {
+                grant.declined.insert(s);
+            }
+        }
+        grant.binaries.extend(binaries);
+    }
+
+    /// Grants or revokes one capability (Settings › Plugins › permissions).
+    pub fn set(&mut self, subject: &Subject, cap: &Capability, granted: bool) -> bool {
+        let Some(grant) = self.grants.get_mut(subject) else { return false };
+        let s = cap.to_string();
+        if granted {
+            grant.declined.remove(&s);
+            grant.granted.insert(s)
+        } else {
+            if let Capability::Process(_) = cap {
+                grant.binaries.remove(&s);
+            }
+            grant.granted.remove(&s)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Records the program approved for a `process:` grant.
+    pub fn set_binary(&mut self, subject: &Subject, cap: &Capability, binary: BinaryGrant) {
+        if let Some(grant) = self.grants.get_mut(subject) {
+            grant.binaries.insert(cap.to_string(), binary);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks a `process:` grant at call time: the program confirmed for it,
+    /// unchanged since. Errors name what to do.
+    pub fn check_binary(&self, subject: &Subject, cap: &Capability) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        let Capability::Process(name) = cap else { return Err(format!("{cap} is not a process capability")) };
+        let grant = self.grants.get(subject).ok_or_else(|| format!("{cap} was not granted"))?;
+        let key = cap.to_string();
+        if !grant.granted.contains(&key) {
+            return Err(format!("{cap} was not granted"));
+        }
+        let bin = grant.binaries.get(&key).ok_or_else(|| format!("{cap}: no program was confirmed for {name}"))?;
+        match file_hash(&bin.path) {
+            Ok(hash) if hash == bin.hash => Ok(bin.path.clone()),
+            Ok(_) => Err(format!(
+                "{} changed since it was approved for {cap}; confirm the plugin's permissions again",
+                bin.path.display()
+            )),
+            Err(e) => Err(format!("{}: {e}; confirm the plugin's permissions again", bin.path.display())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The program approved for a granted `process:` capability, without
+    /// checking the file: whoever starts it verifies the hash then
+    /// ([`check_binary`](Self::check_binary) or the pin's own check).
+    pub fn pinned_binary(&self, subject: &Subject, cap: &Capability) -> Option<BinaryGrant> {
+        let grant = self.grants.get(subject)?;
+        let key = cap.to_string();
+        if !grant.granted.contains(&key) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        grant.binaries.get(&key).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn subjects(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&Subject, &Grant)> {
+        self.grants.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+/// What a confirmation page shows: every capability with its risk, high risk first.
+pub fn by_risk(caps: &[Capability]) -> Vec<(Risk, Vec<Capability>)> {
+    let mut groups: BTreeMap<std::cmp::Reverse<Risk>, Vec<Capability>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for c in caps {
+        groups.entry(std::cmp::Reverse(c.risk())).or_default().push(c.clone());
+    }
+    groups.into_iter().map(|(r, v)| (r.0, v)).collect()
+}
+
+/// Resolves a `process:` program to an absolute path once, at grant time:
+/// absolute names are taken as is, others are looked up in `path_var`.
+pub fn resolve_program(name: &str, path_var: Option<&OsStr>) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+    let candidate = Path::new(name);
+    if candidate.is_absolute() {
+        return if candidate.is_file() { Ok(candidate.to_path_buf()) } else { Err(format!("{name}: no such program")) };
+    }
+    let exts: Vec<String> = if cfg!(windows) {
+        std::env::var("PATHEXT").unwrap_or_else(|_| ".EXE;.CMD;.BAT".into()).split(';').map(str::to_owned).collect()
+    } else {
+        vec![String::new()]
+    };
+    for dir in std::env::split_paths(path_var.unwrap_or_default()) {
+        if !dir.is_absolute() {
+            continue; // `.` or relative entries could point into the project
+        }
+        for ext in &exts {
+            let p = dir.join(format!("{name}{ext}"));
+            if is_executable(&p) {
+                return Ok(dunce_canonical(&p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Err(format!("{name} was not found on PATH"))
+}
+
+fn dunce_canonical(p: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    std::fs::canonicalize(p).unwrap_or_else(|_| p.to_path_buf())
+}
+
+fn is_executable(p: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Ok(meta) = std::fs::metadata(p) else { return false };
+    if !meta.is_file() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        meta.permissions().mode() & 0o111 != 0
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    true
+}
+
+/// blake3 of a file, hex.
+pub fn file_hash(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<String> {
+    let mut hasher = blake3::Hasher::new();
+    hasher.update_reader(std::fs::File::open(path)?)?;
+    Ok(hasher.finalize().to_hex().to_string())
+}
+
+/// blake3 over a package's files (sorted relative paths and contents).
+pub fn package_hash(dir: &Path, files: &[PathBuf]) -> std::io::Result<String> {
+    let mut sorted: Vec<&PathBuf> = files.iter().collect();
+    sorted.sort();
+    sorted.dedup();
+    let mut hasher = blake3::Hasher::new();
+    for rel in sorted {
+        hasher.update(rel.to_string_lossy().as_bytes());
+        hasher.update(&[0]);
+        hasher.update_reader(std::fs::File::open(dir.join(rel))?)?;
+        hasher.update(&[0]);
+    }
+    Ok(hasher.finalize().to_hex().to_string())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn caps(list: &[&str]) -> Vec<Capability> {
+        list.iter().map(|s| s.parse().unwrap()).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn req<'a>(version: &'a str, hash: &'a str, required: &[&str], optional: &[&str]) -> Request<'a> {
+        Request {
+            subject: Subject::Installed("p".into()),
+            plugin_id: "p",
+            version,
+            package_hash: hash,
+            required: caps(required),
+            optional: caps(optional),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn confirmation_then_silent_update_then_reconfirm_on_new_capability() {
+        let mut l = Ledger::in_memory();
+        let r1 = req("1.0.0", "h1", &["project.read"], &["net:crates.io"]);
+        assert_eq!(l.decide(&r1), Decision::NeedsConfirmation { new: caps(&["project.read"]), first_time: true });
+        l.confirm(&r1, &[], BTreeMap::new());
+        assert_eq!(
+            l.decide(&r1),
+            Decision::Allowed { granted: caps(&["project.read"]), pending: vec![] },
+            "declined optional"
+        );
+        assert!(l.get(&r1.subject).unwrap().declined.contains("net:crates.io"));
+
+        // Same needs, new version: silent.
+        let r2 = req("1.1.0", "h2", &["project.read"], &["net:crates.io"]);
+        assert!(matches!(l.decide(&r2), Decision::Allowed { .. }));
+        assert_eq!(l.get(&r2.subject).unwrap().version, "1.1.0");
+
+        // A new required capability: ask again, only for it.
+        let r3 = req("1.2.0", "h3", &["project.read", "editor.write"], &[]);
+        assert_eq!(l.decide(&r3), Decision::NeedsConfirmation { new: caps(&["editor.write"]), first_time: false });
+        l.confirm(&r3, &[], BTreeMap::new());
+        assert!(matches!(l.decide(&r3), Decision::Allowed { .. }));
+
+        // Revoking a required capability blocks loading again.
+        assert!(l.set(&r3.subject, &Capability::EditorWrite, false));
+        assert!(matches!(l.decide(&r3), Decision::NeedsConfirmation { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn migration_grants_low_risk_only() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let mut l = Ledger::load(tmp.path());
+        assert!(l.needs_migration());
+        let r = req("0.1.0", "h", &["project.read", "editor.write"], &[]);
+        l.migrate(std::slice::from_ref(&r));
+        // Loads with the low-risk part; the rest is asked for on first use.
+        assert_eq!(
+            l.decide(&r),
+            Decision::Allowed { granted: caps(&["project.read"]), pending: caps(&["editor.write"]) }
+        );
+        l.confirm(&r, &[], BTreeMap::new());
+        assert_eq!(
+            l.decide(&r),
+            Decision::Allowed { granted: caps(&["project.read", "editor.write"]), pending: vec![] }
+        );
+        l.save().unwrap();
+        let again = Ledger::load(tmp.path());
+        assert!(!again.needs_migration());
+        assert!(again.get(&r.subject).unwrap().has(&Capability::ProjectRead));
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[test]
+    fn binaries_are_pinned_by_path_and_hash() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let bin_dir = tmp.path().join("bin");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&bin_dir).unwrap();
+        let tool = bin_dir.join("tool");
+        std::fs::write(&tool, "#!/bin/sh\necho v1\n").unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&tool, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        let path_var = std::env::join_paths([PathBuf::from("relative"), bin_dir.clone()]).unwrap();
+        let resolved = resolve_program("tool", Some(&path_var)).unwrap();
+        assert!(resolved.is_absolute());
+        assert!(resolve_program("missing", Some(&path_var)).is_err());
+
+        let mut l = Ledger::in_memory();
+        let r = req("1.0.0", "h", &["process:tool"], &[]);
+        let cap: Capability = "process:tool".parse().unwrap();
+        let bin = BinaryGrant { path: resolved.clone(), hash: file_hash(&resolved).unwrap() };
+        l.confirm(&r, &[], [(cap.to_string(), bin)].into());
+        assert_eq!(l.check_binary(&r.subject, &cap).unwrap(), resolved);
+        std::fs::write(&tool, "#!/bin/sh\necho evil\n").unwrap();
+        assert!(l.check_binary(&r.subject, &cap).unwrap_err().contains("changed"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hashes_and_grouping() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join("a"), "1").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join("b"), "2").unwrap();
+        let h1 = package_hash(tmp.path(), &["a".into(), "b".into()]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(h1, package_hash(tmp.path(), &["b".into(), "a".into()]).unwrap());
+        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join("b"), "3").unwrap();
+        assert_ne!(h1, package_hash(tmp.path(), &["a".into(), "b".into()]).unwrap());
+        let groups = by_risk(&caps(&["storage", "process:git", "net:x.io"]));
+        assert_eq!(groups.iter().map(|g| g.0).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [Risk::High, Risk::Medium, Risk::Low]);
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//! The plugin system's kernel, independent of the Wasm runtime:
+//!
+//! - [`Manifest`]: `plugin.toml` (0.2 format; 0.1 still parses);
+//! - [`Capability`]: what a plugin may do, with its [`Risk`] level;
+//! - [`ExtensionPoint`]: one kind of contribution, implemented by the crate that
+//!   owns the feature; [`ExtensionRegistry`] validates a package's declarations
+//!   ([`ExtensionRegistry::prepare`], no side effects), makes them take effect
+//!   all or nothing ([`ExtensionRegistry::commit`]) and withdraws them per plugin;
+//! - [`UiStore`] / [`UiPoint`]: UI contributions, validated here and projected
+//!   by the client without the possibility to fail;
+//! - [`ledger`]: which capabilities the user granted to which plugin;
+//! - [`package`]: the package file, its signature and the marketplace index.
+//!
+//! Dependency direction: `ide-core` ← `ide-extension` ← feature crates (their
+//! extension points) and `ide-plugin` (Wasm) ← `ide-host` (assembly).
+
+mod capability;
+mod index;
+pub mod ledger;
+mod manifest;
+pub mod package;
+mod point;
+mod registry;
+mod ui;
+mod when;
+
+pub use capability::{Capability, CapabilityInfo, Risk, host_matches};
+pub use index::ContributionIndex;
+pub use manifest::{
+    ActivationEvent, Capabilities, ENGINE_VERSION, EVENT_KINDS, LEGACY_API, MANIFEST_FILE, Manifest, check_relative,
+    engine_compatible, validate_item_id, validate_plugin_id, validate_point_id,
+};
+pub use point::{Commit, Disposable, ExtensionPoint, MAX_PACKAGE_FILE, Package, Placement, Prepared, decode};
+pub use registry::{ContributionInfo, ExtensionRegistry, PreparedSet};
+pub use ui::{UiContribution, UiDecl, UiPoint, UiStore, to_json};
+pub use when::validate_when;

crates/ide-extension/src/manifest.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+//! `plugin.toml`, the package manifest (plan 4.4).
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! id = "acme.rust-tools"          # optional publisher namespace before the first '.'
+//! name = "Rust Tools"
+//! version = "1.2.0"
+//! engines.openidea = "^1.0"
+//! wasm = "plugin.wasm"
+//! activation = ["on-language:rust", "on-command:check"]
+//!
+//! [capabilities]
+//! required = ["project.read", "editor.write"]
+//! optional = ["net:crates.io", "process:cargo"]
+//!
+//! [[contributes.commands]]
+//! id = "check"
+//! title = "Check"
+//! ```
+//!
+//! `contributes` is kept as raw TOML: each `contributes.<point>` is parsed and
+//! validated by the extension point registered under that id
+//! ([`crate::ExtensionRegistry`]), so new contribution types need no change here.
+//!
+//! Manifests in the 0.1 format (`openidea-api = "0.1"`, `permissions = [...]`)
+//! still parse: permissions become required capabilities and the plugin is
+//! activated at start-up, as before.
+
+use crate::capability::Capability;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
+
+pub const MANIFEST_FILE: &str = "plugin.toml";
+/// The plugin API (engine) version this host implements.
+pub const ENGINE_VERSION: &str = "1.0.0";
+/// The 0.1 API, still accepted for contribution-only packages and 0.1 components.
+pub const LEGACY_API: &str = "0.1";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Manifest {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub authors: Vec<String>,
+    pub homepage: Option<String>,
+    pub license: Option<String>,
+    /// Release notes of this version (Settings › Plugins › What's New).
+    pub change_notes: Option<String>,
+    /// `engines.openidea` (a semver requirement), or the legacy `openidea-api`.
+    pub engine: String,
+    /// Written in the 0.1 format.
+    pub legacy: bool,
+    /// Component file relative to the package directory.
+    pub wasm: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub activation: Vec<ActivationEvent>,
+    pub capabilities: Capabilities,
+    /// `contributes.<point>` → its declarations, validated by the extension points.
+    pub contributes: toml::Table,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Capabilities {
+    pub required: Vec<Capability>,
+    pub optional: Vec<Capability>,
+}
+
+impl Capabilities {
+    pub fn all(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Capability> {
+        self.required.iter().chain(&self.optional)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_optional(&self, cap: &Capability) -> bool {
+        self.optional.contains(cap) && !self.required.contains(cap)
+    }
+}
+
+/// When a plugin's code is instantiated (plan 4.4). Contributions are live
+/// without it; code only runs once one of these fires.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum ActivationEvent {
+    /// One of the plugin's commands is run (`on-command:<id>`; `*` = any).
+    Command(String),
+    /// A file of this language is opened.
+    Language(String),
+    /// A file matching this glob (project-relative) is opened.
+    File(String),
+    /// One of the plugin's views is shown.
+    View(String),
+    /// Periodically: `on-schedule:<seconds>`. Does not keep the plugin alive.
+    Schedule(u32),
+    /// A workbench event of this kind (`on-event:file-saved`): the plugin is
+    /// subscribed from the start, and activated to receive it.
+    Event(String),
+    /// Shortly after the workbench is ready.
+    StartupFinished,
+}
+
+impl ActivationEvent {
+    pub fn parse(s: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let s = s.trim();
+        if s == "on-startup-finished" {
+            return Ok(Self::StartupFinished);
+        }
+        let (kind, arg) = s.split_once(':').ok_or_else(|| format!("unknown activation event {s:?}"))?;
+        let arg = arg.trim();
+        if arg.is_empty() {
+            return Err(format!("activation event {s:?} needs a value"));
+        }
+        Ok(match kind {
+            "on-command" => Self::Command(arg.into()),
+            "on-language" => Self::Language(arg.into()),
+            "on-file" => Self::File(arg.into()),
+            "on-view" => Self::View(arg.into()),
+            "on-schedule" => {
+                let secs: u32 =
+                    arg.trim_end_matches('s').parse().map_err(|_| format!("{s:?}: expected seconds, e.g. 300"))?;
+                if secs < 60 {
+                    return Err(format!("{s:?}: the shortest schedule is 60 seconds"));
+                }
+                Self::Schedule(secs)
+            }
+            "on-event" => {
+                if !EVENT_KINDS.contains(&arg) {
+                    return Err(format!("{s:?}: unknown event kind (one of {})", EVENT_KINDS.join(", ")));
+                }
+                Self::Event(arg.into())
+            }
+            _ => return Err(format!("unknown activation event {s:?}")),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Workbench event kinds (`on-event:<kind>`, WIT `events.event-kind`).
+/// `scheduled` comes from `on-schedule` instead.
+pub const EVENT_KINDS: &[&str] = &["file-opened", "file-saved", "editor-focused", "action-performed", "vcs-changed"];
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ActivationEvent {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Command(c) => write!(f, "on-command:{c}"),
+            Self::Language(l) => write!(f, "on-language:{l}"),
+            Self::File(g) => write!(f, "on-file:{g}"),
+            Self::View(v) => write!(f, "on-view:{v}"),
+            Self::Schedule(s) => write!(f, "on-schedule:{s}"),
+            Self::Event(k) => write!(f, "on-event:{k}"),
+            Self::StartupFinished => f.write_str("on-startup-finished"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct Raw {
+    id: String,
+    name: String,
+    version: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    description: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    authors: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    homepage: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    license: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    change_notes: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    engines: Option<Engines>,
+    /// 0.1 format.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    openidea_api: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    wasm: Option<PathBuf>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    activation: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    capabilities: Option<RawCapabilities>,
+    /// 0.1 format.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    permissions: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    contributes: toml::Table,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct Engines {
+    openidea: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct RawCapabilities {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    required: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    optional: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Manifest {
+    pub fn parse(src: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let raw: Raw = toml::from_str(src).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let (engine, legacy) = match (raw.engines, raw.openidea_api) {
+            (Some(e), None) => (e.openidea, false),
+            (None, Some(api)) => (api, true),
+            (Some(_), Some(_)) => return Err("use `engines.openidea`, not `openidea-api`".into()),
+            (None, None) => return Err("missing `engines.openidea` (e.g. \"^1.0\")".into()),
+        };
+        if legacy && raw.capabilities.is_some() {
+            return Err("`capabilities` requires `engines.openidea`; 0.1 manifests use `permissions`".into());
+        }
+        if !legacy && raw.permissions.is_some() {
+            return Err("`permissions` is the 0.1 format; use `[capabilities] required = [...]`".into());
+        }
+        let parse_caps = |list: Vec<String>| -> Result<Vec<Capability>, String> {
+            let mut out: Vec<Capability> = Vec::new();
+            for s in list {
+                let cap: Capability = s.parse()?;
+                if !out.contains(&cap) {
+                    out.push(cap);
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(out)
+        };
+        let capabilities = match (raw.capabilities, raw.permissions) {
+            (Some(c), _) => Capabilities { required: parse_caps(c.required)?, optional: parse_caps(c.optional)? },
+            (None, Some(p)) => Capabilities { required: parse_caps(p)?, optional: Vec::new() },
+            (None, None) => Capabilities::default(),
+        };
+        let activation = match raw.activation {
+            Some(list) => list.iter().map(|s| ActivationEvent::parse(s)).collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+            // 0.1 plugins were activated at start-up; keep that until they move to 1.0.
+            None if legacy && raw.wasm.is_some() => vec![ActivationEvent::StartupFinished],
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        };
+        let m = Manifest {
+            id: raw.id,
+            name: raw.name,
+            version: raw.version,
+            description: raw.description,
+            authors: raw.authors,
+            homepage: raw.homepage,
+            license: raw.license,
+            change_notes: raw.change_notes,
+            engine,
+            legacy,
+            wasm: raw.wasm,
+            activation,
+            capabilities,
+            contributes: raw.contributes,
+        };
+        m.validate()?;
+        Ok(m)
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(dir: &Path) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let path = dir.join(MANIFEST_FILE);
+        let src = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", path.display()))?;
+        Self::parse(&src).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", path.display()))
+    }
+
+    fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        validate_plugin_id(&self.id)?;
+        if self.name.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Err("`name` must not be empty".into());
+        }
+        if semver::Version::parse(&self.version).is_err() {
+            return Err(format!("`version` must be a semantic version like 1.2.3, got {:?}", self.version));
+        }
+        if !engine_compatible(&self.engine, self.legacy) {
+            return Err(if self.legacy {
+                format!(
+                    "unsupported openidea-api {:?} (this IDE implements {LEGACY_API} and {ENGINE_VERSION})",
+                    self.engine
+                )
+            } else {
+                format!("engines.openidea {:?} does not match this IDE's plugin API {ENGINE_VERSION}", self.engine)
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(wasm) = &self.wasm {
+            check_relative(wasm, "wasm")?;
+        }
+        if self.wasm.is_none() && !self.activation.is_empty() {
+            return Err("`activation` needs `wasm`: there is no code to activate".into());
+        }
+        let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
+        for event in &self.activation {
+            if !seen.insert(event) {
+                return Err(format!("duplicate activation event {event}"));
+            }
+        }
+        for (point, decls) in &self.contributes {
+            validate_point_id(point)?;
+            if !matches!(decls, toml::Value::Array(_) | toml::Value::Table(_)) {
+                return Err(format!("`contributes.{point}` must be a table or an array of tables"));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// The declarations of one extension point: `[[contributes.x]]` gives
+    /// several, `[contributes.x]` one.
+    pub fn declarations(&self, point: &str) -> Vec<toml::Value> {
+        match self.contributes.get(point) {
+            Some(toml::Value::Array(items)) => items.clone(),
+            Some(single @ toml::Value::Table(_)) => vec![single.clone()],
+            _ => Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Number of declarations per extension point (for listings before loading).
+    pub fn declaration_counts(&self) -> Vec<(String, u32)> {
+        self.contributes.keys().map(|p| (p.clone(), self.declarations(p).len() as u32)).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Publisher namespace: the id's part before the first `.` (`acme` in `acme.tools`).
+    pub fn publisher(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.id.split_once('.').map(|(p, _)| p)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `cap` is declared (required or optional).
+    pub fn declares(&self, cap: &Capability) -> bool {
+        self.capabilities.all().any(|c| c.covers(cap))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether this host can load a plugin written for `engine`.
+pub fn engine_compatible(engine: &str, legacy: bool) -> bool {
+    if legacy {
+        return engine == LEGACY_API || engine.strip_prefix(LEGACY_API).is_some_and(|rest| rest.starts_with('.'));
+    }
+    let Ok(req) = semver::VersionReq::parse(engine) else { return false };
+    let host = semver::Version::parse(ENGINE_VERSION).expect("valid engine version");
+    req.matches(&host)
+}
+
+/// Segments of `[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]*` joined by `.` (an optional publisher
+/// namespace first), at most 64 chars.
+pub fn validate_plugin_id(id: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let ok = id.len() <= 64 && !id.is_empty() && id.split('.').all(segment_ok);
+    if ok {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(format!(
+            "invalid plugin id {id:?}: use a-z, 0-9, '-', '_' in '.'-separated parts (e.g. acme.tools), max 64"
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// `[a-z0-9][a-z0-9._-]*`, at most 64 chars (commands, themes, views…).
+pub fn validate_item_id(id: &str, what: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let ok_first = id.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase() || c.is_ascii_digit());
+    let ok_rest = id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase() || c.is_ascii_digit() || matches!(c, '-' | '_' | '.'));
+    if ok_first && ok_rest && id.len() <= 64 {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(format!("invalid {what} {id:?}: use a-z, 0-9, '.', '-', '_', starting with a letter or digit (max 64)"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extension point ids: `camelCase` or `kebab-case` words, dots allowed (`iconThemes`, `menus`).
+pub fn validate_point_id(id: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let ok = !id.is_empty()
+        && id.len() <= 64
+        && id.starts_with(|c: char| c.is_ascii_lowercase())
+        && id.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, '-' | '.'));
+    if ok { Ok(()) } else { Err(format!("invalid contribution point {id:?}")) }
+}
+
+fn segment_ok(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase() || c.is_ascii_digit())
+        && s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_lowercase() || c.is_ascii_digit() || c == '-' || c == '_')
+}
+
+/// Package paths must stay inside the package directory.
+pub fn check_relative(path: &Path, what: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let ok = !path.as_os_str().is_empty() && path.components().all(|c| matches!(c, Component::Normal(_)));
+    if ok { Ok(()) } else { Err(format!("{what} {:?} must be a relative path inside the plugin", path.display())) }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    const FULL: &str = r#"
+        id = "acme.rust-tools"
+        name = "Rust Tools"
+        version = "1.2.0"
+        engines.openidea = "^1.0"
+        wasm = "plugin.wasm"
+        activation = ["on-language:rust", "on-command:check", "on-schedule:300"]
+
+        [capabilities]
+        required = ["project.read", "editor.write"]
+        optional = ["net:crates.io", "process:cargo"]
+
+        [[contributes.commands]]
+        id = "check"
+        title = "%check.title%"
+
+        [[contributes.menus]]
+        menu = "editor.context"
+        command = "check"
+        when = "editorLang == rust"
+
+        [contributes.settings]
+        schema = "settings.schema.json"
+    "#;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn event_activation() {
+        assert_eq!(ActivationEvent::parse("on-event:file-saved"), Ok(ActivationEvent::Event("file-saved".into())));
+        assert_eq!(ActivationEvent::Event("vcs-changed".into()).to_string(), "on-event:vcs-changed");
+        let err = ActivationEvent::parse("on-event:keystroke").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(err.contains("unknown event kind") && err.contains("action-performed"), "{err}");
+        assert!(ActivationEvent::parse("on-event:scheduled").is_err(), "declared with on-schedule");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_the_02_format() {
+        let m = Manifest::parse(FULL).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(m.publisher(), Some("acme"));
+        assert!(!m.legacy);
+        assert_eq!(m.activation.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(m.activation[2], ActivationEvent::Schedule(300));
+        assert_eq!(m.capabilities.required, vec![Capability::ProjectRead, Capability::EditorWrite]);
+        assert!(m.capabilities.is_optional(&Capability::Process("cargo".into())));
+        assert_eq!(m.declarations("commands").len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(m.declarations("settings").len(), 1, "a single table is one declaration");
+        assert!(m.declarations("nope").is_empty());
+        let counts: Vec<_> = m.declaration_counts();
+        assert!(counts.contains(&("menus".into(), 1)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_the_01_format() {
+        let m = Manifest::parse(
+            "id = \"hello\"\nname = \"Hello\"\nversion = \"0.1.0\"\nopenidea-api = \"0.1\"\nwasm = \"dist/plugin.wasm\"\n\
+             permissions = [\"project-read\", \"editor-write\"]\n[[contributes.commands]]\nid = \"x\"\ntitle = \"X\"",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(m.legacy);
+        assert_eq!(m.capabilities.required, vec![Capability::ProjectRead, Capability::EditorWrite]);
+        assert_eq!(m.activation, vec![ActivationEvent::StartupFinished]);
+        assert_eq!(m.publisher(), None);
+    }
+
+    fn err(src: &str) -> String {
+        Manifest::parse(src).unwrap_err()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_invalid_manifests() {
+        let base = |extra: &str| format!("id = \"ok\"\nname = \"N\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\n{extra}");
+        assert!(err(&base("")).contains("engines.openidea"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^0.3\"")).contains("does not match"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^2\"")).contains("does not match"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^0.2\"")).contains("does not match"));
+        assert!(err(&base("openidea-api = \"0.2\"")).contains("unsupported"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\npermissions = [\"project-read\"]")).contains("0.1 format"));
+        assert!(
+            err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\n[capabilities]\nrequired = [\"network\"]")).contains("unknown")
+        );
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\nwasm = \"../x.wasm\"")).contains("relative path"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\nactivation = [\"on-command:x\"]")).contains("needs `wasm`"));
+        assert!(
+            err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\nwasm = \"p.wasm\"\nactivation = [\"on-boot\"]"))
+                .contains("unknown")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\nwasm = \"p.wasm\"\nactivation = [\"on-schedule:5\"]"))
+                .contains("60 seconds")
+        );
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\nbogus = 1")).contains("unknown field"));
+        assert!(err(&base("engines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\ncontributes.commands = 3")).contains("table"));
+        assert!(
+            err("id = \"Bad\"\nname = \"N\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"").contains("plugin id")
+        );
+        assert!(
+            err("id = \"a..b\"\nname = \"N\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"").contains("plugin id")
+        );
+        assert!(err("id = \"ok\"\nname = \"N\"\nversion = \"1.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"").contains("version"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ids() {
+        assert!(validate_plugin_id("openidea.material-icons").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_plugin_id("hello_2").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_plugin_id(".x").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_item_id("word-count.v2_x", "command id").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_item_id("-x", "command id").is_err());
+        assert!(validate_point_id("iconThemes").is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_point_id("Icon").is_err());
+        assert!(engine_compatible("1.0", false));
+        assert!(engine_compatible(">=1.0, <2", false));
+        assert!(!engine_compatible("^0.2", false), "0.x components don't run on 1.0");
+        assert!(engine_compatible("0.1.3", true));
+        assert!(!engine_compatible("0.10", true));
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/package.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+//! Plugin distribution: the package file, its
+//! signature, and the static marketplace index.
+//!
+//! - **Package** (`<id>-<version>.oiplugin`): a zip of the manifest, the files
+//!   its declarations reference, the component and licence files, plus
+//!   [`SIGNATURE_FILE`] when signed.
+//! - **Signature**: Ed25519 over `openidea-plugin/1\n<id>\n<version>\n<digest>`,
+//!   `digest` being [`package_digest`] of the unpacked files. A signature
+//!   proves who published the bytes; whether to trust that publisher is the
+//!   index's call.
+//! - **Index** (`index.json`): the publishers and their keys (the trust root),
+//!   the published plugins, and revocations. A publisher owns the id prefix
+//!   `<publisher>.`; a revoked key invalidates everything it signed, a
+//!   revoked plugin version is disabled where it is installed.
+
+use crate::MANIFEST_FILE;
+use base64::Engine as _;
+use ed25519_dalek::{Signature, Signer, SigningKey, VerifyingKey};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
+
+pub const SIGNATURE_FILE: &str = "SIGNATURE.json";
+pub const PACKAGE_EXTENSION: &str = "oiplugin";
+pub const INDEX_FORMAT: u32 = 1;
+/// Limits when unpacking an untrusted package.
+const MAX_ENTRIES: usize = 10_000;
+const MAX_TOTAL: u64 = 512 << 20;
+
+const B64: base64::engine::GeneralPurpose = base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD;
+
+/// Content digest of a package: the manifest plus `files` (relative paths).
+pub fn package_digest(dir: &Path, files: &[PathBuf]) -> std::io::Result<String> {
+    let mut all = files.to_vec();
+    all.push(PathBuf::from(MANIFEST_FILE));
+    crate::ledger::package_hash(dir, &all)
+}
+
+fn signed_message(id: &str, version: &str, digest: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    format!("openidea-plugin/1\n{id}\n{version}\n{digest}").into_bytes()
+}
+
+/// `SIGNATURE.json` of a signed package.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct PackageSignature {
+    pub publisher: String,
+    /// Ed25519 public key, base64.
+    pub key: String,
+    /// Ed25519 signature, base64.
+    pub signature: String,
+}
+
+/// A publisher's key pair (the 32-byte seed, base64, in a file only the publisher has).
+pub struct PublisherKey(SigningKey);
+
+impl PublisherKey {
+    pub fn from_seed(seed: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        Self(SigningKey::from_bytes(&seed))
+    }
+
+    /// The seed as written by `openidea-plugin keygen`.
+    pub fn from_base64(text: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let bytes = B64.decode(text.trim()).map_err(|e| format!("key file: {e}"))?;
+        let seed: [u8; 32] = bytes.try_into().map_err(|_| "key file: expected a 32-byte key".to_owned())?;
+        Ok(Self::from_seed(seed))
+    }
+
+    pub fn seed_base64(&self) -> String {
+        B64.encode(self.0.to_bytes())
+    }
+
+    pub fn public_base64(&self) -> String {
+        B64.encode(self.0.verifying_key().to_bytes())
+    }
+
+    pub fn sign(&self, publisher: &str, id: &str, version: &str, digest: &str) -> PackageSignature {
+        let sig = self.0.sign(&signed_message(id, version, digest));
+        PackageSignature {
+            publisher: publisher.into(),
+            key: self.public_base64(),
+            signature: B64.encode(sig.to_bytes()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PackageSignature {
+    /// Whether the signature is valid for `id`, `version` and `digest` (the
+    /// key's validity is checked against an [`Index`]).
+    pub fn check(&self, id: &str, version: &str, digest: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let key: [u8; 32] = B64
+            .decode(&self.key)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|b| b.try_into().ok())
+            .ok_or_else(|| "signature: malformed public key".to_owned())?;
+        let key = VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&key).map_err(|_| "signature: invalid public key".to_owned())?;
+        let sig: [u8; 64] = B64
+            .decode(&self.signature)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|b| b.try_into().ok())
+            .ok_or_else(|| "signature: malformed".to_owned())?;
+        key.verify_strict(&signed_message(id, version, digest), &Signature::from_bytes(&sig))
+            .map_err(|_| "the signature does not match the package (it was changed after signing)".to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Writes the package `out` from `dir`: the manifest, `files`, and the signature if any.
+pub fn pack(dir: &Path, files: &[PathBuf], out: &Path, signature: Option<&PackageSignature>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let io = |e: std::io::Error| e.to_string();
+    let file = std::fs::File::create(out).map_err(io)?;
+    let mut zip = zip::ZipWriter::new(file);
+    let options = zip::write::SimpleFileOptions::default().compression_method(zip::CompressionMethod::Deflated);
+    let mut names: Vec<PathBuf> = std::iter::once(PathBuf::from(MANIFEST_FILE)).chain(files.iter().cloned()).collect();
+    names.sort();
+    names.dedup();
+    for rel in names {
+        let name = rel.to_str().ok_or("non UTF-8 file name")?.replace('\\', "/");
+        zip.start_file(name, options).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let bytes = std::fs::read(dir.join(&rel)).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", rel.display()))?;
+        zip.write_all(&bytes).map_err(io)?;
+    }
+    if let Some(sig) = signature {
+        zip.start_file(SIGNATURE_FILE, options).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        zip.write_all(serde_json::to_string_pretty(sig).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.as_bytes()).map_err(io)?;
+    }
+    zip.finish().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// What [`unpack`] wrote.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Unpacked {
+    /// Every file but the manifest and the signature, relative.
+    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    pub signature: Option<PackageSignature>,
+}
+
+/// `name` as a relative path that stays inside the package.
+fn safe_path(name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let p = Path::new(name);
+    (!name.is_empty() && p.components().all(|c| matches!(c, Component::Normal(_)))).then(|| p.to_path_buf())
+}
+
+/// Archiver metadata at the top of an archive, not part of a package
+/// (`__MACOSX/…`, `.DS_Store`, AppleDouble `._…` files).
+fn archiver_metadata(name: &str) -> bool {
+    let top = name.split('/').next().unwrap_or_default();
+    top == "__MACOSX" || top == ".DS_Store" || (top.starts_with("._") && top.len() > 2)
+}
+
+/// Where the package is inside an archive: at its root (`.oiplugin`, or a zip
+/// of the package's contents) or in its only folder (a zip of the package
+/// folder). `None` when neither holds a manifest.
+fn package_prefix(names: &[String]) -> Option<String> {
+    if names.iter().any(|n| n == MANIFEST_FILE) {
+        return Some(String::new());
+    }
+    let mut tops = names.iter().filter(|n| !archiver_metadata(n)).map(|n| n.split('/').next().unwrap_or_default());
+    let top = tops.next()?;
+    if tops.any(|t| t != top) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let prefix = format!("{top}/");
+    names.iter().any(|n| *n == format!("{prefix}{MANIFEST_FILE}")).then_some(prefix)
+}
+
+/// Extracts the package `archive` (an `.oiplugin`, or a `.zip` of a package
+/// folder or of its contents) into the empty directory `dest`, refusing
+/// paths leaving it, links, and oversized contents.
+pub fn unpack(archive: &Path, dest: &Path) -> Result<Unpacked, String> {
+    let file = std::fs::File::open(archive).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", archive.display()))?;
+    let mut zip =
+        zip::ZipArchive::new(file).map_err(|e| format!("{}: not a plugin package ({e})", archive.display()))?;
+    if zip.len() > MAX_ENTRIES {
+        return Err(format!("more than {MAX_ENTRIES} files"));
+    }
+    let mut names = Vec::with_capacity(zip.len());
+    for i in 0..zip.len() {
+        let entry = zip.by_index(i).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if !entry.is_dir() {
+            names.push(entry.name().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into_owned());
+        }
+    }
+    // An IntelliJ plugin or any other zip: say what is missing rather than fail later.
+    let prefix = package_prefix(&names).ok_or_else(|| {
+        format!("{} is not an OpenIDEA plugin: no {MANIFEST_FILE} at its root or in its only folder", archive.display())
+    })?;
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dest).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let (mut files, mut signature, mut total, mut manifest) = (Vec::new(), None, 0u64, false);
+    for i in 0..zip.len() {
+        let mut entry = zip.by_index(i).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if entry.is_dir() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let full = entry.name().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.into_owned();
+        // Outside the package folder there is only archiver metadata (`package_prefix` checked).
+        let Some(name) = full.strip_prefix(&prefix).map(str::to_owned) else { continue };
+        if archiver_metadata(&name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if entry.is_symlink() {
+            return Err(format!("{full}: links are not allowed in packages"));
+        }
+        let rel = safe_path(&name).ok_or_else(|| format!("invalid path {full:?} in package"))?;
+        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        entry.by_ref().take(MAX_TOTAL - total + 1).read_to_end(&mut bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        total += bytes.len() as u64;
+        if total > MAX_TOTAL {
+            return Err(format!("the package unpacks to more than {} MiB", MAX_TOTAL >> 20));
+        }
+        if rel == Path::new(SIGNATURE_FILE) {
+            signature = Some(serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).map_err(|e| format!("{SIGNATURE_FILE}: {e}"))?);
+            continue;
+        }
+        let to = dest.join(&rel);
+        if let Some(parent) = to.parent() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        }
+        std::fs::write(&to, bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if rel == Path::new(MANIFEST_FILE) {
+            manifest = true;
+        } else {
+            files.push(rel);
+        }
+    }
+    if !manifest {
+        return Err(format!("the package has no {MANIFEST_FILE}"));
+    }
+    files.sort();
+    Ok(Unpacked { files, signature })
+}
+
+// ---- index -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct Index {
+    pub format: u32,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub publishers: Vec<Publisher>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub plugins: Vec<IndexEntry>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub revoked: Vec<Revocation>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct Publisher {
+    /// Owns plugin ids `<id>.…`.
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub keys: Vec<KeyEntry>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct KeyEntry {
+    /// Ed25519 public key, base64.
+    pub key: String,
+    /// Packages signed with it are no longer trusted.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub revoked: bool,
+}
+
+/// A published plugin version.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct IndexEntry {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub description: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub authors: Vec<String>,
+    pub publisher: String,
+    /// The package, relative to the index (or an absolute URL).
+    pub download: String,
+    /// [`package_digest`] of its contents.
+    pub digest: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub capabilities: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// A plugin (all versions when `versions` is empty) that must not run.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct Revocation {
+    pub id: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub versions: Vec<String>,
+    pub reason: String,
+}
+
+impl Index {
+    pub fn parse(text: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let index: Index = serde_json::from_str(text).map_err(|e| format!("index: {e}"))?;
+        if index.format != INDEX_FORMAT {
+            return Err(format!("index format {} is not supported (this IDE reads {INDEX_FORMAT})", index.format));
+        }
+        Ok(index)
+    }
+
+    /// The revocation that applies to `id` at `version`.
+    pub fn revocation(&self, id: &str, version: &str) -> Option<&Revocation> {
+        self.revoked.iter().find(|r| r.id == id && (r.versions.is_empty() || r.versions.iter().any(|v| v == version)))
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `key` (base64) belongs to a publisher and was revoked.
+    pub fn key_revoked(&self, key: &str) -> bool {
+        self.publishers.iter().flat_map(|p| &p.keys).any(|k| k.key == key && k.revoked)
+    }
+
+    /// The trusted publisher of a signed package: the signature is valid, its
+    /// key is one of the publisher's and not revoked, and the publisher owns
+    /// the plugin's id prefix.
+    pub fn verify(&self, sig: &PackageSignature, id: &str, version: &str, digest: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+        let publisher = self
+            .publishers
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| p.id == sig.publisher)
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("unknown publisher {:?}", sig.publisher))?;
+        let key = publisher
+            .keys
+            .iter()
+            .find(|k| k.key == sig.key)
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("the key is not one of {}'s", publisher.name))?;
+        if key.revoked {
+            return Err(format!("{}'s signing key was revoked", publisher.name));
+        }
+        if !id.starts_with(&format!("{}.", publisher.id)) {
+            return Err(format!("{} may only publish plugins named {}.*", publisher.name, publisher.id));
+        }
+        sig.check(id, version, digest)?;
+        Ok(publisher.id.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn package(dir: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.join("dist")).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.join(MANIFEST_FILE), "id = \"acme.tools\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"").unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.join("dist/plugin.wasm"), b"\0asm").unwrap();
+        vec![PathBuf::from("dist/plugin.wasm")]
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &PublisherKey) -> Index {
+        Index {
+            format: INDEX_FORMAT,
+            publishers: vec![Publisher {
+                id: "acme".into(),
+                name: "ACME".into(),
+                keys: vec![KeyEntry { key: key.public_base64(), revoked: false }],
+            }],
+            plugins: Vec::new(),
+            revoked: vec![Revocation {
+                id: "acme.bad".into(),
+                versions: vec!["1.0.0".into()],
+                reason: "malware".into(),
+            }],
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn signed_packages_round_trip_and_tampering_is_caught() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let src = tmp.path().join("src");
+        let files = package(&src);
+        let digest = package_digest(&src, &files).unwrap();
+        let key = PublisherKey::from_seed([7; 32]);
+        let sig = key.sign("acme", "acme.tools", "1.0.0", &digest);
+        let out = tmp.path().join("acme.tools-1.0.0.oiplugin");
+        pack(&src, &files, &out, Some(&sig)).unwrap();
+
+        let dest = tmp.path().join("dest");
+        let unpacked = unpack(&out, &dest).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(unpacked.files, files);
+        assert_eq!(package_digest(&dest, &unpacked.files).unwrap(), digest);
+        let index = index(&key);
+        assert_eq!(index.verify(unpacked.signature.as_ref().unwrap(), "acme.tools", "1.0.0", &digest).unwrap(), "acme");
+
+        // Changed bytes, another id, someone else's prefix, a revoked key.
+        assert!(index.verify(&sig, "acme.tools", "1.0.0", "0000").is_err());
+        assert!(index.verify(&sig, "acme.tools", "1.0.1", &digest).is_err());
+        let other = PublisherKey::from_seed([9; 32]).sign("acme", "acme.tools", "1.0.0", &digest);
+        assert!(index.verify(&other, "acme.tools", "1.0.0", &digest).unwrap_err().contains("not one of"));
+        let foreign = key.sign("acme", "evil.tools", "1.0.0", &digest);
+        assert!(index.verify(&foreign, "evil.tools", "1.0.0", &digest).unwrap_err().contains("acme.*"));
+        let mut revoked = index.clone();
+        revoked.publishers[0].keys[0].revoked = true;
+        assert!(revoked.verify(&sig, "acme.tools", "1.0.0", &digest).unwrap_err().contains("revoked"));
+        assert!(revoked.key_revoked(&sig.key));
+        assert_eq!(index.revocation("acme.bad", "1.0.0").unwrap().reason, "malware");
+        assert!(index.revocation("acme.bad", "1.0.1").is_none());
+        assert_eq!(PublisherKey::from_base64(&key.seed_base64()).unwrap().public_base64(), key.public_base64());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unpacking_refuses_paths_leaving_the_package() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let out = tmp.path().join("evil.oiplugin");
+        let mut zip = zip::ZipWriter::new(std::fs::File::create(&out).unwrap());
+        let o = zip::write::SimpleFileOptions::default();
+        zip.start_file(MANIFEST_FILE, o).unwrap();
+        zip.write_all(b"id = \"x\"").unwrap();
+        zip.start_file("../outside.txt", o).unwrap();
+        zip.write_all(b"x").unwrap();
+        zip.finish().unwrap();
+        let err = unpack(&out, &tmp.path().join("dest")).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(err.contains("invalid path"), "{err}");
+        assert!(!tmp.path().join("outside.txt").exists());
+        assert!(Index::parse(r#"{"format": 2}"#).is_err());
+    }
+
+    fn zip_of(path: &Path, entries: &[(&str, &str)]) {
+        let mut zip = zip::ZipWriter::new(std::fs::File::create(path).unwrap());
+        for (name, body) in entries {
+            zip.start_file(*name, zip::write::SimpleFileOptions::default()).unwrap();
+            zip.write_all(body.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        }
+        zip.finish().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_zip_holds_the_package_at_its_root_or_in_its_only_folder() {
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let manifest = "id = \"acme.tools\"";
+        let at_root = tmp.path().join("root.zip");
+        zip_of(&at_root, &[(MANIFEST_FILE, manifest), ("dist/plugin.wasm", "w"), (".DS_Store", "x")]);
+        let got = unpack(&at_root, &tmp.path().join("a")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(got.files, [PathBuf::from("dist/plugin.wasm")]);
+
+        // What zipping the folder in Finder makes: the folder plus `__MACOSX`.
+        let folder = tmp.path().join("folder.zip");
+        zip_of(
+            &folder,
+            &[
+                ("acme-tools/plugin.toml", manifest),
+                ("acme-tools/dist/plugin.wasm", "w"),
+                ("__MACOSX/acme-tools/._plugin.toml", "x"),
+            ],
+        );
+        let dest = tmp.path().join("b");
+        let got = unpack(&folder, &dest).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(got.files, [PathBuf::from("dist/plugin.wasm")]);
+        assert!(dest.join(MANIFEST_FILE).is_file());
+        assert!(!dest.join("__MACOSX").exists() && !dest.join("acme-tools").exists());
+
+        // Two folders, a manifest one level too deep, or none (an IntelliJ plugin): not a package.
+        for (name, entries) in [
+            ("two.zip", &[("a/plugin.toml", manifest), ("b/x.txt", "x")][..]),
+            ("deep.zip", &[("a/b/plugin.toml", manifest)][..]),
+            ("intellij.zip", &[("my-plugin/lib/my-plugin.jar", "jar")][..]),
+        ] {
+            let path = tmp.path().join(name);
+            zip_of(&path, entries);
+            let err = unpack(&path, &tmp.path().join(name).with_extension("out")).unwrap_err();
+            assert!(err.contains("is not an OpenIDEA plugin"), "{name}: {err}");
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/point.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+//! The extension point contract (plan 4.1).
+
+use crate::capability::Capability;
+use crate::manifest::{Manifest, check_relative};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// Where a contribution takes effect (plan 3, placement rules).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, specta::Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum Placement {
+    /// Projected to the client (menus, keybindings, themes, icons).
+    Ui,
+    /// Takes effect on the machine the project is on (languages, LSP, run configurations).
+    Workspace,
+}
+
+/// The package a declaration comes from, as extension points see it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Package {
+    pub manifest: Arc<Manifest>,
+    /// Package directory.
+    pub dir: PathBuf,
+    /// Hash of the package's files when they never change (an installed
+    /// copy): validated declarations are then reused from the
+    /// [`ContributionIndex`](crate::ContributionIndex).
+    pub digest: Option<Arc<str>>,
+}
+
+/// Largest single package file an extension point reads.
+pub const MAX_PACKAGE_FILE: u64 = 8 << 20;
+
+impl Package {
+    pub fn new(manifest: Manifest, dir: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        Self { manifest: Arc::new(manifest), dir, digest: None }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_digest(mut self, digest: &str) -> Self {
+        self.digest = Some(digest.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.manifest.id
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves a package-relative path, refusing anything that leaves the
+    /// package (`..`, absolute paths, symlinks pointing outside).
+    pub fn resolve(&self, rel: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        check_relative(rel, "path")?;
+        let joined = self.dir.join(rel);
+        let real = joined.canonicalize().map_err(|_| format!("{}: no such file in the plugin", rel.display()))?;
+        let root = self.dir.canonicalize().map_err(|e| format!("plugin directory: {e}"))?;
+        if !real.starts_with(&root) {
+            return Err(format!("{}: points outside the plugin", rel.display()));
+        }
+        Ok(real)
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_bytes(&self, rel: &Path) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+        let real = self.resolve(rel)?;
+        let meta = std::fs::metadata(&real).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", rel.display()))?;
+        if !meta.is_file() {
+            return Err(format!("{}: not a file", rel.display()));
+        }
+        if meta.len() > MAX_PACKAGE_FILE {
+            return Err(format!("{}: larger than {} MiB", rel.display(), MAX_PACKAGE_FILE >> 20));
+        }
+        std::fs::read(&real).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", rel.display()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_text(&self, rel: &Path) -> Result<String, String> {
+        String::from_utf8(self.read_bytes(rel)?).map_err(|_| format!("{}: not UTF-8 text", rel.display()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Undoes one committed contribution. Dropping without [`dispose`](Self::dispose) also disposes.
+#[must_use = "dropping a Disposable undoes the contribution"]
+pub struct Disposable(Option<Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send>>);
+
+impl Disposable {
+    pub fn new(f: impl FnOnce() + Send + 'static) -> Self {
+        Self(Some(Box::new(f)))
+    }
+
+    /// A contribution with nothing to undo.
+    pub fn noop() -> Self {
+        Self(None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn dispose(mut self) {
+        if let Some(f) = self.0.take() {
+            f();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Disposable {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(f) = self.0.take() {
+            f();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for Disposable {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("Disposable")
+    }
+}
+
+pub type Commit = Box<dyn FnOnce() -> Result<Disposable, String> + Send>;
+
+/// A validated declaration, ready to take effect.
+pub struct Prepared {
+    /// Capabilities this declaration needs (a language with an LSP → `process:<binary>`).
+    pub capabilities: Vec<Capability>,
+    /// Package files the declaration references (copied on install).
+    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Identity within the point: a later declaration with the same key replaces
+    /// the earlier one of the same plugin (re-registering a command).
+    pub key: Option<String>,
+    /// User-facing one-liner for the plugin details page ("Insert Date").
+    pub label: String,
+    /// Makes it take effect. Must not fail for reasons `prepare` could have checked.
+    pub commit: Commit,
+}
+
+impl Prepared {
+    pub fn new(label: impl Into<String>, commit: impl FnOnce() -> Result<Disposable, String> + Send + 'static) -> Self {
+        Self { capabilities: Vec::new(), files: Vec::new(), key: None, label: label.into(), commit: Box::new(commit) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn key(mut self, key: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.key = Some(key.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn file(mut self, path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        self.files.push(path.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn capability(mut self, cap: Capability) -> Self {
+        if !self.capabilities.contains(&cap) {
+            self.capabilities.push(cap);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for Prepared {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Prepared").field("key", &self.key).field("label", &self.label).finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A kind of contribution (`contributes.<id>` in the manifest). Implemented by
+/// the crate that owns the feature; registered once in an [`crate::ExtensionRegistry`].
+pub trait ExtensionPoint: Send + Sync {
+    /// `"languages"`, `"iconThemes"`, …
+    fn id(&self) -> &'static str;
+
+    fn placement(&self) -> Placement;
+
+    /// Parses and validates one declaration without side effects, and works
+    /// out the capabilities it needs. `Ui` points validate completely here: the
+    /// client's projection is not allowed to fail.
+    fn prepare(&self, pkg: &Package, decl: toml::Value) -> Result<Prepared, String>;
+}
+
+/// Deserializes a declaration with serde, prefixing errors with the point id.
+pub fn decode<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(point: &str, decl: toml::Value) -> Result<T, String> {
+    decl.try_into().map_err(|e: toml::de::Error| format!("contributes.{point}: {}", e.message()))
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/registry.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+//! Extension points plus the contributions committed to them, accounted per plugin.
+
+use crate::capability::Capability;
+use crate::point::{Disposable, ExtensionPoint, Package, Placement, Prepared};
+use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use specta::Type;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// A contribution as the plugin details page lists it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ContributionInfo {
+    pub point: String,
+    pub label: String,
+}
+
+struct Entry {
+    point: &'static str,
+    key: Option<String>,
+    label: String,
+    disposable: Disposable,
+}
+
+/// Every declaration of a package, validated; nothing has taken effect yet.
+pub struct PreparedSet {
+    pub plugin: String,
+    /// Union of what the declarations need (beyond the manifest's own list).
+    pub capabilities: Vec<Capability>,
+    /// Package files the declarations reference.
+    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Declarations for extension points this host does not know (skipped).
+    pub warnings: Vec<String>,
+    items: Vec<(&'static str, Prepared)>,
+}
+
+impl PreparedSet {
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.items.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.items.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for PreparedSet {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("PreparedSet")
+            .field("plugin", &self.plugin)
+            .field("items", &self.items.len())
+            .field("warnings", &self.warnings)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ExtensionRegistry {
+    points: RwLock<BTreeMap<&'static str, Arc<dyn ExtensionPoint>>>,
+    /// plugin id → its contributions in commit order.
+    entries: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Entry>>>,
+}
+
+impl ExtensionRegistry {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an extension point. Ids are unique.
+    pub fn register(&self, point: Arc<dyn ExtensionPoint>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let id = point.id();
+        crate::manifest::validate_point_id(id)?;
+        let mut points = self.points.write();
+        if points.contains_key(id) {
+            return Err(format!("extension point {id:?} is already registered"));
+        }
+        points.insert(id, point);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn point_ids(&self) -> Vec<&'static str> {
+        self.points.read().keys().copied().collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn placement(&self, point: &str) -> Option<Placement> {
+        self.points.read().get(point).map(|p| p.placement())
+    }
+
+    fn point(&self, id: &str) -> Option<Arc<dyn ExtensionPoint>> {
+        self.points.read().get(id).cloned()
+    }
+
+    /// Validates every `contributes.<point>` declaration of `pkg`. Fails as a
+    /// whole on the first invalid declaration; unknown points are skipped with
+    /// a warning (forward compatibility).
+    pub fn prepare(&self, pkg: &Package) -> Result<PreparedSet, String> {
+        let mut set = PreparedSet {
+            plugin: pkg.id().to_owned(),
+            capabilities: Vec::new(),
+            files: Vec::new(),
+            warnings: Vec::new(),
+            items: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        for point_id in pkg.manifest.contributes.keys() {
+            let Some(point) = self.point(point_id) else {
+                let msg = format!("contributes.{point_id}: not supported by this version of the IDE; skipped");
+                tracing::warn!(plugin = %pkg.id(), "{msg}");
+                set.warnings.push(msg);
+                continue;
+            };
+            for (i, decl) in pkg.manifest.declarations(point_id).into_iter().enumerate() {
+                let prepared = point
+                    .prepare(pkg, decl)
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("contributes.{point_id}[{i}]: {}", strip_prefix(&e, point_id)))?;
+                for cap in &prepared.capabilities {
+                    if !set.capabilities.contains(cap) {
+                        set.capabilities.push(cap.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+                for f in &prepared.files {
+                    if !set.files.contains(f) {
+                        set.files.push(f.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+                set.items.push((point.id(), prepared));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(set)
+    }
+
+    /// Makes a prepared set take effect, all or nothing: if one commit fails,
+    /// the ones before it are disposed in reverse order.
+    pub fn commit(&self, set: PreparedSet) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let mut committed: Vec<Entry> = Vec::with_capacity(set.items.len());
+        for (point, prepared) in set.items {
+            let Prepared { key, label, commit, .. } = prepared;
+            match commit() {
+                Ok(disposable) => committed.push(Entry { point, key, label, disposable }),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::error!(plugin = %set.plugin, "contributes.{point}: commit failed: {e}");
+                    while let Some(entry) = committed.pop() {
+                        entry.disposable.dispose();
+                    }
+                    return Err(format!("contributes.{point}: {e}"));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let replaced = {
+            let mut entries = self.entries.lock();
+            let list = entries.entry(set.plugin).or_default();
+            let mut replaced = Vec::new();
+            for new in &committed {
+                if let Some(key) = &new.key
+                    && let Some(pos) = list.iter().position(|e| e.point == new.point && e.key.as_ref() == Some(key))
+                {
+                    replaced.push(list.remove(pos));
+                }
+            }
+            list.extend(committed);
+            replaced
+        };
+        for old in replaced.into_iter().rev() {
+            old.disposable.dispose();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Withdraws everything `plugin` contributed, newest first.
+    pub fn dispose_plugin(&self, plugin: &str) -> bool {
+        let list = self.entries.lock().remove(plugin).unwrap_or_default();
+        let any = !list.is_empty();
+        for entry in list.into_iter().rev() {
+            entry.disposable.dispose();
+        }
+        any
+    }
+
+    pub fn contributions(&self, plugin: &str) -> Vec<ContributionInfo> {
+        self.entries
+            .lock()
+            .get(plugin)
+            .map(|list| {
+                list.iter().map(|e| ContributionInfo { point: e.point.into(), label: e.label.clone() }).collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    /// How many contributions `plugin` has at `point`.
+    pub fn count(&self, plugin: &str, point: &str) -> usize {
+        self.entries.lock().get(plugin).map_or(0, |list| list.iter().filter(|e| e.point == point).count())
+    }
+
+    /// Plugins with at least one contribution.
+    pub fn plugins(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.entries.lock().iter().filter(|(_, l)| !l.is_empty()).map(|(id, _)| id.clone()).collect()
+    }
+}
+
+fn strip_prefix<'a>(e: &'a str, point: &str) -> &'a str {
+    e.strip_prefix(&format!("contributes.{point}: ")).unwrap_or(e)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::manifest::Manifest;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+
+    /// Records live items in a shared list; `fail = true` makes commit fail.
+    struct Recording {
+        id: &'static str,
+        live: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
+        commits: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    }
+
+    impl ExtensionPoint for Recording {
+        fn id(&self) -> &'static str {
+            self.id
+        }
+        fn placement(&self) -> Placement {
+            Placement::Ui
+        }
+        fn prepare(&self, _pkg: &Package, decl: toml::Value) -> Result<Prepared, String> {
+            let name = decl.get("name").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).ok_or("missing name")?.to_owned();
+            let fail = decl.get("fail").and_then(|v| v.as_bool()).unwrap_or(false);
+            let (live, commits) = (self.live.clone(), self.commits.clone());
+            let label = name.clone();
+            let mut p = Prepared::new(label, move || {
+                commits.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                if fail {
+                    return Err("boom".into());
+                }
+                live.lock().push(name.clone());
+                Ok(Disposable::new(move || live.lock().retain(|n| *n != name)))
+            });
+            if let Some(f) = decl.get("file").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
+                p = p.file(f);
+            }
+            if decl.get("key").and_then(|v| v.as_bool()).unwrap_or(false) {
+                p = p.key("k");
+            }
+            Ok(p)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn setup() -> (ExtensionRegistry, Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>) {
+        let reg = ExtensionRegistry::new();
+        let live = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let commits = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        reg.register(Arc::new(Recording { id: "things", live: live.clone(), commits: commits.clone() })).unwrap();
+        reg.register(Arc::new(Recording { id: "others", live: live.clone(), commits })).unwrap();
+        (reg, live)
+    }
+
+    fn pkg(contributes: &str) -> Package {
+        let src = format!("id = \"p\"\nname = \"P\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\n{contributes}");
+        Package::new(Manifest::parse(&src).unwrap(), PathBuf::from("/nonexistent"))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn commits_and_disposes_per_plugin() {
+        let (reg, live) = setup();
+        assert!(
+            reg.register(Arc::new(Recording { id: "things", live: live.clone(), commits: Default::default() }))
+                .is_err()
+        );
+        let p = pkg(
+            "[[contributes.things]]\nname = \"a\"\nfile = \"x.json\"\n[[contributes.things]]\nname = \"b\"\n[contributes.others]\nname = \"c\"",
+        );
+        let set = reg.prepare(&p).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(set.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(set.files, [PathBuf::from("x.json")]);
+        assert!(live.lock().is_empty(), "prepare has no side effects");
+        reg.commit(set).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(*live.lock(), ["c", "a", "b"]);
+        assert_eq!(reg.count("p", "things"), 2);
+        assert_eq!(reg.contributions("p").len(), 3);
+        assert!(reg.dispose_plugin("p"));
+        assert!(live.lock().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_failed_commit_rolls_back() {
+        let (reg, live) = setup();
+        let p = pkg("[[contributes.things]]\nname = \"a\"\n[[contributes.things]]\nname = \"b\"\nfail = true");
+        let err = reg.commit(reg.prepare(&p).unwrap()).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(err.contains("boom"));
+        assert!(live.lock().is_empty(), "a was undone");
+        assert!(reg.contributions("p").is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_declarations_fail_prepare_and_unknown_points_warn() {
+        let (reg, _) = setup();
+        let err = reg.prepare(&pkg("[[contributes.things]]\nnope = 1")).unwrap_err();
+        assert_eq!(err, "contributes.things[0]: missing name");
+        let set =
+            reg.prepare(&pkg("[[contributes.futureThing]]\nx = 1\n[[contributes.things]]\nname = \"a\"")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(set.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(set.warnings.len(), 1);
+        assert!(set.warnings[0].contains("futureThing"));
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/ui.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+//! UI contributions: validated declarations projected to the client.
+//!
+//! A `Ui` extension point validates a declaration completely in Rust and
+//! commits it as JSON into the [`UiStore`]; the client receives the store's
+//! snapshot and projects each item onto an existing `register*` function
+//! (`defineUiPoint` in `src/features/plugins/projection.ts`). Large payloads
+//! (icon SVGs) go into the store's assets and are fetched on demand.
+
+use crate::index::ContributionIndex;
+use crate::point::{Disposable, ExtensionPoint, Package, Placement, Prepared};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use specta::Type;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
+/// One projected declaration.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct UiContribution {
+    pub plugin_id: String,
+    /// Extension point id (`commands`, `iconThemes`, …).
+    pub point: String,
+    /// Stable within (plugin, point): the client keys its registrations on it.
+    pub key: String,
+    /// The validated declaration, shaped by the point.
+    #[specta(type = specta_typescript::Unknown)]
+    pub decl: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
+struct Item {
+    seq: u64,
+    contribution: UiContribution,
+}
+
+/// Committed UI contributions of all plugins.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct UiStore {
+    items: RwLock<Vec<Item>>,
+    /// (plugin, asset id) → content.
+    assets: RwLock<BTreeMap<(String, String), Arc<str>>>,
+    seq: AtomicU64,
+    revision: AtomicU64,
+    index: RwLock<Option<Arc<ContributionIndex>>>,
+}
+
+impl UiStore {
+    pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self::default())
+    }
+
+    /// Adds an item; the returned disposable removes it.
+    pub fn insert(self: &Arc<Self>, contribution: UiContribution) -> Disposable {
+        let seq = self.seq.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.items.write().push(Item { seq, contribution });
+        self.revision.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+        let store = Arc::downgrade(self);
+        Disposable::new(move || {
+            if let Some(store) = store.upgrade() {
+                store.items.write().retain(|i| i.seq != seq);
+                store.revision.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Stores assets of a plugin (ids are unique per plugin; later ones replace).
+    pub fn insert_assets(self: &Arc<Self>, plugin: &str, assets: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Disposable {
+        let keys: Vec<(String, String)> = assets.iter().map(|(id, _)| (plugin.to_owned(), id.clone())).collect();
+        {
+            let mut map = self.assets.write();
+            for (id, content) in assets {
+                map.insert((plugin.to_owned(), id), Arc::from(content));
+            }
+        }
+        let store = Arc::downgrade(self);
+        Disposable::new(move || {
+            if let Some(store) = store.upgrade() {
+                let mut map = store.assets.write();
+                for k in keys {
+                    map.remove(&k);
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn asset(&self, plugin: &str, id: &str) -> Option<Arc<str>> {
+        self.assets.read().get(&(plugin.to_owned(), id.to_owned())).cloned()
+    }
+
+    /// Assets of `plugin` whose id starts with `prefix`.
+    pub fn assets_with_prefix(&self, plugin: &str, prefix: &str) -> Vec<(String, Arc<str>)> {
+        self.assets
+            .read()
+            .range((plugin.to_owned(), prefix.to_owned())..)
+            .take_while(|((p, id), _)| p == plugin && id.starts_with(prefix))
+            .map(|((_, id), v)| (id.clone(), v.clone()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Where [`UiPoint`]s keep validated declarations of installed packages.
+    pub fn set_index(&self, index: Option<Arc<ContributionIndex>>) {
+        *self.index.write() = index;
+    }
+
+    /// Bumped on every change: clients compare it to skip re-projection.
+    pub fn revision(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.revision.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
+
+    pub fn snapshot(&self) -> Vec<UiContribution> {
+        self.items.read().iter().map(|i| i.contribution.clone()).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Items of one point, optionally of one plugin.
+    pub fn items(&self, point: &str, plugin: Option<&str>) -> Vec<UiContribution> {
+        self.items
+            .read()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|i| i.contribution.point == point && plugin.is_none_or(|p| i.contribution.plugin_id == p))
+            .map(|i| i.contribution.clone())
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+/// What a [`UiPoint`]'s validator produces for one declaration.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UiDecl {
+    pub key: String,
+    pub label: String,
+    pub json: serde_json::Value,
+    /// Package files referenced (copied on install).
+    pub files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Large validated payloads fetched separately by the client.
+    pub assets: Vec<(String, String)>,
+}
+
+impl UiDecl {
+    pub fn new(key: impl Into<String>, label: impl Into<String>, json: serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+        Self { key: key.into(), label: label.into(), json, files: Vec::new(), assets: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
+
+type Validate = dyn Fn(&Package, toml::Value) -> Result<UiDecl, String> + Send + Sync;
+
+/// A `Ui` extension point defined by a validator: committing stores the
+/// validated JSON (and assets) in the [`UiStore`]. Most UI contribution types
+/// (menus, keybindings, status bar items, icon themes) are one of these.
+pub struct UiPoint {
+    id: &'static str,
+    store: Arc<UiStore>,
+    validate: Box<Validate>,
+}
+
+impl UiPoint {
+    pub fn new(
+        id: &'static str,
+        store: Arc<UiStore>,
+        validate: impl Fn(&Package, toml::Value) -> Result<UiDecl, String> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { id, store, validate: Box::new(validate) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExtensionPoint for UiPoint {
+    fn id(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    fn placement(&self) -> Placement {
+        Placement::Ui
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(&self, pkg: &Package, decl: toml::Value) -> Result<Prepared, String> {
+        let index = pkg.digest.as_ref().and_then(|_| self.store.index.read().clone());
+        let ui = match index.as_ref().and_then(|i| i.get(pkg, self.id, &decl)) {
+            Some(ui) => ui,
+            None => match &index {
+                Some(i) => {
+                    let ui = (self.validate)(pkg, decl.clone())?;
+                    i.put(pkg, self.id, &decl, &ui);
+                    ui
+                }
+                None => (self.validate)(pkg, decl)?,
+            },
+        };
+        let UiDecl { key, label, json, files, assets } = ui;
+        let store = self.store.clone();
+        let contribution =
+            UiContribution { plugin_id: pkg.id().to_owned(), point: self.id.to_owned(), key: key.clone(), decl: json };
+        let plugin = pkg.id().to_owned();
+        let mut prepared = Prepared::new(label, move || {
+            let item = store.insert(contribution);
+            if assets.is_empty() {
+                return Ok(item);
+            }
+            let assets = store.insert_assets(&plugin, assets);
+            Ok(Disposable::new(move || {
+                item.dispose();
+                assets.dispose();
+            }))
+        })
+        .key(key);
+        prepared.files = files;
+        Ok(prepared)
+    }
+}
+
+/// TOML declaration → JSON for the client.
+pub fn to_json(v: &toml::Value) -> serde_json::Value {
+    serde_json::to_value(v).unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::manifest::Manifest;
+    use crate::registry::ExtensionRegistry;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ui_point_projects_into_the_store() {
+        let store = UiStore::new();
+        let reg = ExtensionRegistry::new();
+        reg.register(Arc::new(UiPoint::new("badges", store.clone(), |_pkg, decl| {
+            let text = decl.get("text").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).ok_or("missing text")?.to_owned();
+            let mut d = UiDecl::new(text.clone(), text.clone(), serde_json::json!({ "text": text }));
+            d.assets.push((format!("badge/{text}"), "<svg/>".into()));
+            Ok(d)
+        })))
+        .unwrap();
+        let src = "id = \"p\"\nname = \"P\"\nversion = \"1.0.0\"\nengines.openidea = \"^1.0\"\n\
+                   [[contributes.badges]]\ntext = \"hi\"";
+        let pkg = Package::new(Manifest::parse(src).unwrap(), PathBuf::from("/x"));
+        let rev = store.revision();
+        reg.commit(reg.prepare(&pkg).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert!(store.revision() > rev);
+        let items = store.items("badges", Some("p"));
+        assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(items[0].decl["text"], "hi");
+        assert_eq!(store.asset("p", "badge/hi").as_deref(), Some("<svg/>"));
+        assert_eq!(store.assets_with_prefix("p", "badge/").len(), 1);
+        reg.dispose_plugin("p");
+        assert!(store.snapshot().is_empty());
+        assert!(store.asset("p", "badge/hi").is_none());
+    }
+}

crates/ide-extension/src/when.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//! Syntax check for `when` clauses in UI declarations. The client evaluates
+//! them (`src/platform/context.ts`); validating here keeps the client's
+//! projection from failing. Grammar (same as the client):
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! expr := or ; or := and ("||" and)* ; and := unary ("&&" unary)*
+//! unary := "!" unary | "(" expr ")" | cmp ; cmp := key (("==" | "!=") value)?
+//! ```
+
+const MAX_LEN: usize = 512;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum Tok<'a> {
+    Id(&'a str),
+    Str,
+    Op(&'a str),
+}
+
+fn tokenize(src: &str) -> Result<Vec<Tok<'_>>, String> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let b = src.as_bytes();
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < b.len() {
+        let c = b[i] as char;
+        if c.is_whitespace() {
+            i += 1;
+        } else if ["&&", "||", "==", "!="].iter().any(|op| src[i..].starts_with(op)) {
+            out.push(Tok::Op(&src[i..i + 2]));
+            i += 2;
+        } else if matches!(c, '!' | '(' | ')') {
+            out.push(Tok::Op(&src[i..i + 1]));
+            i += 1;
+        } else if c == '\'' || c == '"' {
+            let end = src[i + 1..].find(c).ok_or_else(|| format!("unterminated string in when clause: {src}"))?;
+            out.push(Tok::Str);
+            i += end + 2;
+        } else {
+            let len = src[i..]
+                .find(|ch: char| !(ch.is_alphanumeric() || matches!(ch, '_' | '.' | '-' | ':' | '/')))
+                .unwrap_or(src.len() - i);
+            if len == 0 {
+                return Err(format!("unexpected '{c}' in when clause: {src}"));
+            }
+            out.push(Tok::Id(&src[i..i + len]));
+            i += len;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// Checks a `when` clause; empty means "always".
+pub fn validate_when(src: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if src.len() > MAX_LEN {
+        return Err(format!("when clause longer than {MAX_LEN} bytes"));
+    }
+    if src.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let toks = tokenize(src)?;
+    let mut p = 0;
+    parse_or(&toks, &mut p, src)?;
+    if p != toks.len() {
+        return Err(format!("unexpected token in when clause: {src}"));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_or(t: &[Tok], p: &mut usize, src: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    parse_and(t, p, src)?;
+    while t.get(*p) == Some(&Tok::Op("||")) {
+        *p += 1;
+        parse_and(t, p, src)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_and(t: &[Tok], p: &mut usize, src: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    parse_unary(t, p, src)?;
+    while t.get(*p) == Some(&Tok::Op("&&")) {
+        *p += 1;
+        parse_unary(t, p, src)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_unary(t: &[Tok], p: &mut usize, src: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    match t.get(*p) {
+        Some(Tok::Op("!")) => {
+            *p += 1;
+            parse_unary(t, p, src)
+        }
+        Some(Tok::Op("(")) => {
+            *p += 1;
+            parse_or(t, p, src)?;
+            if t.get(*p) != Some(&Tok::Op(")")) {
+                return Err(format!("missing ')' in when clause: {src}"));
+            }
+            *p += 1;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Some(Tok::Id(_)) => {
+            *p += 1;
+            if matches!(t.get(*p), Some(Tok::Op("==" | "!="))) {
+                *p += 1;
+                match t.get(*p) {
+                    Some(Tok::Id(_) | Tok::Str) => *p += 1,
+                    _ => return Err(format!("missing value after comparison in when clause: {src}")),
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        _ => Err(format!("expected a context key in when clause: {src}")),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::validate_when;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn accepts_the_client_grammar() {
+        for ok in [
+            "",
+            "editorFocus",
+            "editorLang == rust",
+            "editorLang != 'rust' && !readOnly",
+            "(a || b) && toolWindow.project.active",
+            "resourceScheme == file:/x",
+        ] {
+            assert!(validate_when(ok).is_ok(), "{ok}");
+        }
+        for bad in ["a &&", "(a", "a == ", "== a", "a b", "a $ b", "'x", "!()"] {
+            assert!(validate_when(bad).is_err(), "{bad}");
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ide-fonts/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ license.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
 specta.workspace = true
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-objc2-core-foundation = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "CFArray", "CFDictionary", "CFNumber", "CFString"] }
+objc2-core-foundation = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "CFArray", "CFDictionary", "CFNumber", "CFString", "CFURL"] }
 objc2-core-text = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "CTFontCollection", "CTFontDescriptor", "CTFontTraits"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]

crates/ide-fonts/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 //! The font families installed on this machine, for the font pickers in
 //! Settings (editor, typography fallback, terminal, UI font).
 //!
-//! Each platform asks the font system the WebView itself resolves CSS
-//! `font-family` names against, so every listed name renders: CoreText on
+//! Each platform asks the native font system for installed families: CoreText on
 //! macOS, DirectWrite on Windows, fontconfig (`fc-list`) on Linux and the BSDs.
 //! The list is read on first use and cached until explicitly refreshed; the
 //! query can take a few hundred milliseconds, so callers run it off the UI and
@@ -84,14 +83,164 @@ pub fn parse_fc_list(output: &str) -> Vec<(String, bool)> {
         .collect()
 }
 
+/// Binary font bundle: little-endian u32 JSON-header length, a face metadata
+/// array, then raw font bytes. Paths never cross IPC; only CoreText-enumerated
+/// files under user font directories can be read, selected by family name.
+/// Includes only the nearest regular/bold faces and their optional italics.
+pub fn user_font_data(family: &str) -> std::io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        let entries = imp::user_faces();
+        bundle_family(family, &entries)
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+    {
+        let _ = family;
+        Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "User font loading is macOS only"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", test))]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UserFace {
+    family: String,
+    path: std::path::PathBuf,
+    weight: u16,
+    italic: bool,
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", test))]
+fn user_font_path(path: &std::path::Path, roots: &[std::path::PathBuf]) -> Option<std::path::PathBuf> {
+    let path = path.canonicalize().ok()?;
+    roots.iter().any(|root| path.starts_with(root)).then_some(path)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", test))]
+fn family_faces<'a>(family: &str, entries: &'a [UserFace]) -> Vec<&'a UserFace> {
+    let mut selected: Vec<&UserFace> = Vec::new();
+    for italic in [false, true] {
+        for weight in [400u16, 700] {
+            let closest = entries
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|e| e.family.eq_ignore_ascii_case(family.trim()) && e.italic == italic)
+                .min_by_key(|e| (e.weight.abs_diff(weight), e.weight, &e.path));
+            if let Some(face) = closest
+                && !selected.iter().any(|f| std::ptr::eq(*f, face))
+            {
+                selected.push(face);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    selected
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", test))]
+fn bundle_family(family: &str, entries: &[UserFace]) -> std::io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    #[derive(Serialize)]
+    struct Face {
+        weight: u16,
+        style: &'static str,
+        offset: usize,
+        length: usize,
+    }
+    let mut faces = Vec::new();
+    let mut data = Vec::new();
+    let mut files = BTreeMap::new();
+    // Bound large CJK families to regular/bold and their nearest italic faces.
+    for entry in family_faces(family, entries) {
+        // Reject a file replaced by a symlink after enumeration.
+        if entry.path.canonicalize()? != entry.path {
+            return Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, "Font file changed"));
+        }
+        let (offset, length) = if let Some(range) = files.get(&entry.path) {
+            *range
+        } else {
+            let bytes = std::fs::read(&entry.path)?;
+            let range = (data.len(), bytes.len());
+            data.extend(bytes);
+            files.insert(entry.path.clone(), range);
+            range
+        };
+        faces.push(Face {
+            weight: entry.weight,
+            style: if entry.italic { "italic" } else { "normal" },
+            offset,
+            length,
+        });
+    }
+    if faces.is_empty() {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "No installed user font family"));
+    }
+    let header = serde_json::to_vec(&faces)?;
+    let mut out = (header.len() as u32).to_le_bytes().to_vec();
+    out.extend(header);
+    out.extend(data);
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod imp {
-    use objc2_core_foundation::{CFArray, CFDictionary, CFNumber, CFString, CFType};
+    use objc2_core_foundation::{CFArray, CFDictionary, CFNumber, CFString, CFType, CFURL};
     use objc2_core_text::{
         CTFontCollection, CTFontDescriptor, CTFontSymbolicTraits, kCTFontFamilyNameAttribute, kCTFontSymbolicTrait,
-        kCTFontTraitsAttribute,
+        kCTFontTraitsAttribute, kCTFontURLAttribute, kCTFontWeightTrait,
     };
 
+    pub(crate) fn user_faces() -> Vec<super::UserFace> {
+        let mut roots = vec![std::path::PathBuf::from("/Library/Fonts")];
+        if let Some(home) = std::env::var_os("HOME") {
+            roots.push(std::path::PathBuf::from(home).join("Library/Fonts"));
+        }
+        let roots: Vec<_> = roots.into_iter().filter_map(|r| r.canonicalize().ok()).collect();
+        // SAFETY: CoreText descriptors carry documented CFString, CFURL and trait dictionary values.
+        unsafe {
+            let collection = CTFontCollection::from_available_fonts(None);
+            let Some(descriptors) = collection.matching_font_descriptors() else { return Vec::new() };
+            let mut seen = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
+            descriptors
+                .cast_unchecked::<CTFontDescriptor>()
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|d| {
+                    let family = d.attribute(kCTFontFamilyNameAttribute)?.downcast::<CFString>().ok()?.to_string();
+                    let path = d.attribute(kCTFontURLAttribute)?.downcast::<CFURL>().ok()?.to_file_path()?;
+                    let path = super::user_font_path(&path, &roots)?;
+                    let traits = d.attribute(kCTFontTraitsAttribute)?.downcast::<CFDictionary>().ok()?;
+                    let traits = traits.cast_unchecked::<CFString, CFType>();
+                    let symbolic = traits
+                        .get(kCTFontSymbolicTrait)
+                        .and_then(|n| n.downcast::<CFNumber>().ok())
+                        .and_then(|n| n.as_i64())
+                        .unwrap_or(0) as u32;
+                    let weight = traits
+                        .get(kCTFontWeightTrait)
+                        .and_then(|n| n.downcast::<CFNumber>().ok())
+                        .and_then(|n| n.as_f64())
+                        .unwrap_or(0.0);
+                    // CoreText's normalized weight values corresponding to CSS's nine standard weights.
+                    let weight = [
+                        (-0.8, 100),
+                        (-0.6, 200),
+                        (-0.4, 300),
+                        (0.0, 400),
+                        (0.23, 500),
+                        (0.3, 600),
+                        (0.4, 700),
+                        (0.56, 800),
+                        (0.62, 900),
+                    ]
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .min_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| (weight - a).abs().total_cmp(&(weight - b).abs()))?
+                    .1;
+                    let italic = symbolic & CTFontSymbolicTraits::TraitItalic.0 != 0;
+                    if !seen.insert((family.clone(), path.clone(), weight, italic)) {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    Some(super::UserFace { family, path, weight, italic })
+                })
+                .collect()
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Every face CoreText makes available to this process, as (family, fixed pitch).
     pub(crate) fn list(_refresh: bool) -> Vec<(String, bool)> {
         // SAFETY: CoreText's documented types: the matching descriptors array
@@ -210,6 +359,92 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 
+    #[test]
+    fn selects_only_regular_bold_and_matching_italics_from_dense_families() {
+        let entries: Vec<_> = [false, true]
+            .into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|italic| {
+                (100..=900).step_by(100).map(move |weight| UserFace {
+                    family: "CJK".into(),
+                    path: format!("{weight}-{italic}.ttf").into(),
+                    weight,
+                    italic,
+                })
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let selected = family_faces(" cjk ", &entries);
+        assert_eq!(
+            selected.iter().map(|f| (f.weight, f.italic)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [(400, false), (700, false), (400, true), (700, true),]
+        );
+        assert!(family_faces("unknown", &entries).is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn selects_nearest_available_weights_once_with_optional_italics() {
+        let entries: Vec<_> = [(300, false), (500, false), (800, false), (500, true)]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(weight, italic)| UserFace {
+                family: "Sparse".into(),
+                path: format!("{weight}-{italic}.ttf").into(),
+                weight,
+                italic,
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let selected = family_faces("Sparse", &entries);
+        assert_eq!(
+            selected.iter().map(|f| (f.weight, f.italic)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [(300, false), (800, false), (500, true),]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(family_faces("Sparse", &entries[..1]).len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bundle_only_reads_enumerated_family_faces() {
+        let root = std::env::current_dir().unwrap().join(format!("../../.font-bundle-test-{}", std::process::id()));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&root).unwrap();
+        let root = root.canonicalize().unwrap();
+        let regular = root.join("regular.ttf");
+        let bold = root.join("bold.ttf");
+        std::fs::write(&regular, [1, 2, 3]).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(&bold, [4, 5]).unwrap();
+        let entries = [
+            UserFace { family: "Test Nerd Font".into(), path: regular.clone(), weight: 400, italic: false },
+            UserFace { family: "Test Nerd Font".into(), path: bold, weight: 700, italic: false },
+            // A non-selected face is never opened, even if its file has disappeared.
+            UserFace { family: "Test Nerd Font".into(), path: root.join("thin.ttf"), weight: 100, italic: false },
+        ];
+        let result = bundle_family("test nerd font", &entries).unwrap();
+        let len = u32::from_le_bytes(result[..4].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+        let faces: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&result[4..4 + len]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(faces[0]["weight"], 400);
+        assert_eq!(faces[1]["weight"], 700);
+        assert_eq!(faces.as_array().unwrap().len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(&result[4 + len..], &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+        // Existing files are not inputs: neither paths nor unenumerated families grant access.
+        assert!(bundle_family(regular.to_str().unwrap(), &entries).is_err());
+        assert!(bundle_family("Unenumerated", &entries).is_err());
+        assert!(user_font_path(&regular, &[]).is_none());
+        assert!(user_font_path(&regular, std::slice::from_ref(&root)).is_some());
+        // Multiple selected descriptors in a collection still transfer the file only once.
+        let shared = [
+            UserFace { family: "Collection".into(), path: regular.clone(), weight: 400, italic: false },
+            UserFace { family: "Collection".into(), path: regular, weight: 700, italic: false },
+        ];
+        let result = bundle_family("Collection", &shared).unwrap();
+        let len = u32::from_le_bytes(result[..4].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+        let faces: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&result[4..4 + len]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(faces[0]["offset"], faces[1]["offset"]);
+        assert_eq!(&result[4 + len..], &[1, 2, 3]);
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            let link = root.join("outside.ttf");
+            std::os::unix::fs::symlink(std::env::current_exe().unwrap(), &link).unwrap();
+            assert!(user_font_path(&link, std::slice::from_ref(&root)).is_none());
+        }
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(root).unwrap();
+    }
+
     fn fam(name: &str, monospaced: bool) -> FontFamily {
         FontFamily { name: name.into(), monospaced }
     }

crates/ide-github/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,3 @@ serde_json.workspace = true
 specta.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 which = "8"
-
-[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
-libc = "0.2"

crates/ide-github/src/account.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//! The signed-in GitHub account, independent of any project: its repositories for
+//! "Get from Version Control" › GitHub.
+
+use crate::{GhAvailability, QUICK, classify_failure, command, gh_executable, process};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use specta::Type;
+
+/// A repository of the signed-in account (owned, collaborator, or organization member).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct GhAccountRepo {
+    /// `owner/name`.
+    pub name_with_owner: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub private: bool,
+    pub fork: bool,
+    pub archived: bool,
+    /// What `git clone` takes: HTTPS, or SSH when gh's `git_protocol` is `ssh`.
+    pub clone_url: String,
+}
+
+/// The account's repositories, or why they can't be listed.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", tag = "kind")]
+pub enum GhAccountRepos {
+    Ready {
+        login: String,
+        repos: Vec<GhAccountRepo>,
+    },
+    /// No `gh` executable was found.
+    NotInstalled,
+    /// `gh auth login` has not been run (or the token expired).
+    NotLoggedIn {
+        message: String,
+    },
+    Error {
+        message: String,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct RestRepo {
+    full_name: String,
+    description: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    private: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    fork: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    archived: bool,
+    clone_url: String,
+    ssh_url: String,
+}
+
+/// `gh api --paginate --slurp user/repos` output: one array per page.
+pub fn parse_account_repos(slurped: &str, ssh: bool) -> Result<Vec<GhAccountRepo>, serde_json::Error> {
+    let pages: Vec<Vec<RestRepo>> = serde_json::from_str(slurped)?;
+    Ok(pages
+        .into_iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|r| GhAccountRepo {
+            name_with_owner: r.full_name,
+            description: r.description.filter(|d| !d.trim().is_empty()),
+            private: r.private,
+            fork: r.fork,
+            archived: r.archived,
+            clone_url: if ssh { r.ssh_url } else { r.clone_url },
+        })
+        .collect())
+}
+
+/// Lists the repositories of the account gh is signed in to, most recently pushed first.
+pub fn account_repositories() -> GhAccountRepos {
+    if gh_executable().is_none() {
+        return GhAccountRepos::NotInstalled;
+    }
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir();
+    let gh = |args: &[&str]| -> Result<String, GhAccountRepos> {
+        let out = command(&dir, args)
+            .and_then(|cmd| process::run(cmd, QUICK, None))
+            .map_err(|e| GhAccountRepos::Error { message: e.message })?;
+        if out.success {
+            return Ok(out.stdout);
+        }
+        let message = if out.stderr.trim().is_empty() { out.stdout } else { out.stderr };
+        Err(match classify_failure(&message) {
+            GhAvailability::NotLoggedIn { message } => GhAccountRepos::NotLoggedIn { message },
+            _ => GhAccountRepos::Error { message: message.trim().to_owned() },
+        })
+    };
+    let result = (|| {
+        let login = gh(&["api", "user", "--jq", ".login"])?.trim().to_owned();
+        let ssh = gh(&["config", "get", "git_protocol", "--host", "github.com"]).is_ok_and(|p| p.trim() == "ssh");
+        let pages = gh(&[
+            "api",
+            "user/repos?per_page=100&sort=pushed&affiliation=owner,collaborator,organization_member",
+            "--paginate",
+            "--slurp",
+        ])?;
+        let repos = parse_account_repos(&pages, ssh)
+            .map_err(|e| GhAccountRepos::Error { message: format!("unexpected gh output: {e}") })?;
+        Ok(GhAccountRepos::Ready { login, repos })
+    })();
+    result.unwrap_or_else(|e| e)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reads_every_page_and_picks_the_configured_protocol() {
+        let pages = r#"[
+          [{"full_name":"me/app","description":"An app","private":true,"fork":false,"archived":false,
+            "clone_url":"https://github.com/me/app.git","ssh_url":"[email protected]:me/app.git"}],
+          [{"full_name":"org/lib","description":"","fork":true,
+            "clone_url":"https://github.com/org/lib.git","ssh_url":"[email protected]:org/lib.git"}]
+        ]"#;
+        let https = parse_account_repos(pages, false).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            https,
+            vec![
+                GhAccountRepo {
+                    name_with_owner: "me/app".into(),
+                    description: Some("An app".into()),
+                    private: true,
+                    fork: false,
+                    archived: false,
+                    clone_url: "https://github.com/me/app.git".into(),
+                },
+                GhAccountRepo {
+                    name_with_owner: "org/lib".into(),
+                    description: None,
+                    private: false,
+                    fork: true,
+                    archived: false,
+                    clone_url: "https://github.com/org/lib.git".into(),
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+        let ssh = parse_account_repos(pages, true).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ssh[1].clone_url, "[email protected]:org/lib.git");
+        assert!(parse_account_repos("[]", false).unwrap().is_empty());
+    }
+}