fix(tools): keep searching past broken Python aliases

fix(tools): find Python on Windows without python3.exe
Installing debugpy on Windows failed with "cannot run python3.exe … (os error 3)": the tool manager looked for `python3` first, and on Windows that only finds the App Execution Alias in WindowsApps, which can't start without the Store's Python. Windows installs `python.exe` and the `py` launcher instead. On Windows the interpreter is now looked up as `python`, `py`, then `python3`, and a WindowsApps alias only counts when it runs. The debugpy adapter's default interpreter is `python` on Windows too. macOS and Linux keep `python3` first.
2026-11-08 08:08:16 -10:00 · 2026-11-05 10:59:36 +08:00 · 2026-11-05 10:30:03 +08:00
333 changed files with 1200 additions and 18789 deletions
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d045de693cb712d0b22c6a64be5b953f67b3ce00ab5ad3dd5d8b441886ab8e1a"
 dependencies = [
 "quote",
- "syn 2.0.119",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -3001,7 +3001,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1c48eccd894bd15555b0346470e63491ded94aefe76b3fcb1052084b5a393238"
 dependencies = [
 "bstr",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -4071,7 +4071,7 @@ checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-agent"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "encoding_rs",
@@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-analysis"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ast-grep-core",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4106,20 +4106,9 @@ dependencies = [
 "tree-sitter",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "ide-android"
-version = "0.1.37"
-dependencies = [
- "ide-core",
- "serde",
- "specta",
- "tempfile",
- "which",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ide-build"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dirs 6.0.0",
 "dunce",
@@ -4134,7 +4123,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-clipboard"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "objc2 0.6.5",
 "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
@@ -4143,7 +4132,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-core"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "encoding_rs",
@@ -4160,7 +4149,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-coverage"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "ide-run",
@@ -4174,7 +4163,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-dap"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "ide-jsonrpc",
@@ -4192,7 +4181,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-db"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "bb8",
 "dirs 6.0.0",
@@ -4218,7 +4207,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-docker"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "serde",
@@ -4231,7 +4220,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-extension"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "blake3",
@@ -4251,7 +4240,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-fonts"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "objc2-core-foundation",
 "objc2-core-text",
@@ -4263,7 +4252,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-github"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "ide-vcs",
@@ -4276,7 +4265,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-host"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "criterion",
@@ -4337,7 +4326,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-http"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "parking_lot",
@@ -4355,7 +4344,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-index"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "blake3",
 "criterion",
@@ -4377,7 +4366,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-jsonrpc"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "encoding_rs",
 "futures",
@@ -4394,7 +4383,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-language"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "blake3",
 "criterion",
@@ -4450,7 +4439,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-lsp"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "futures",
@@ -4476,7 +4465,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-notebook"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "futures",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4499,7 +4488,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-plugin"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "blake3",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4515,12 +4504,11 @@ dependencies = [
 "tracing",
 "wasmtime",
 "wasmtime-wasi",
- "wat",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-profiler"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "ide-run",
@@ -4533,7 +4521,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-remote"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "globset",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4550,7 +4538,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-run"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "encoding_rs",
@@ -4573,7 +4561,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-sdk"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dunce",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4592,7 +4580,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-search"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "criterion",
 "globset",
@@ -4612,7 +4600,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-spell"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "parking_lot",
@@ -4625,7 +4613,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-ssh"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "dirs 6.0.0",
 "flate2",
@@ -4647,7 +4635,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-syntax"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "ide-language",
@@ -4662,7 +4650,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-terminal"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "libc",
@@ -4675,7 +4663,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-text"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "criterion",
 "ide-core",
@@ -4688,7 +4676,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-tools"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "flate2",
 "hex",
@@ -4709,7 +4697,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-vcs"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "blake3",
 "dunce",
@@ -4730,7 +4718,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-vfs"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "chardetng",
 "dunce",
@@ -4752,7 +4740,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-web"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "ide-core",
 "open",
@@ -4768,7 +4756,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "ide-workspace"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "blake3",
 "dunce",
@@ -6309,7 +6297,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "openidea"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "blake3",
@@ -6319,7 +6307,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "gtk",
 "ide-agent",
 "ide-analysis",
- "ide-android",
 "ide-build",
 "ide-clipboard",
 "ide-core",
@@ -6374,7 +6361,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "tauri-plugin-updater",
 "tauri-plugin-window-state",
 "tauri-specta",
- "tempfile",
 "tokio",
 "tracing",
 "tracing-appender",
@@ -8376,7 +8362,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0d204abcbdf8e88729306a8d0ca01a79d8a49969fe1f84696909d6dbc4321c1a"
 dependencies = [
 "foldhash",
- "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -10319,12 +10305,6 @@ version = "1.13.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"

-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.2.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca718471876992059f251e33aafc334346ada08042b7661dd1fe313a9bced557"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "universal-hash"
 version = "0.6.1"
@@ -10845,28 +10825,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "wasmtime",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "wast"
-version = "258.0.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8b912cfe5696dfaae736e344fc82082dbd63609abbaeca3926466c0b10d9fecc"
-dependencies = [
- "bumpalo",
- "leb128fmt",
- "memchr",
- "unicode-width",
- "wasm-encoder",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wat"
-version = "1.258.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3069154948f5737a8bcd5c55dcdf2c2b59ca776057732e49821167bde268ec6e"
-dependencies = [
- "wast",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wayland-backend"
 version = "0.3.17"
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ members = ["crates/*", "src-tauri"]
 exclude = ["sdk", "plugins"]

 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.36"
 edition = "2024"
 rust-version = "1.96"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -76,8 +76,6 @@ pub struct RegistryAgent {
    pub installed: Option<String>,
    /// Whether [`Self::version`] is newer than the installed one.
    pub update: bool,
-    /// An install of it is running (it goes on after the Settings page that started it closes).
-    pub installing: bool,
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Type)]
@@ -334,7 +332,6 @@ fn visible(
                distribution,
                no_checksum,
                installed,
-                installing: false,
            })
        })
        .collect();
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "ide-android"
-description = "Android devices and logcat for the Logcat tool window, driven through the adb CLI"
-version.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-ide-core.workspace = true
-serde.workspace = true
-specta.workspace = true
-which = "8"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-tempfile.workspace = true
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-//! Android devices and their logs, driven through the `adb` CLI (like git is
-//! driven through its CLI).
-//!
-//! The Logcat tool window needs two things from a device: that it is there, and
-//! what it prints. Both come from `adb`, which the Android SDK installs — the
-//! IDE does not bundle it.
-//!
-//! Every function blocks; callers run them off the UI / command threads.
-
-mod model;
-mod process;
-
-pub use model::*;
-
-use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::process::Command;
-use std::sync::OnceLock;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-/// `adb devices` is quick unless it starts the daemon, which can take a moment.
-const DEVICES: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
-/// `adb logcat -c` only truncates the buffers.
-const CLEAR: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
-/// How much of the buffer to show before following, so opening the window is not empty.
-const TAIL_LINES: u32 = 200;
-/// Logcat can print thousands of lines a second: batches keep the IPC channel sane,
-/// while `IDLE` makes sure a quiet stream still shows its last line promptly.
-const BATCH_IDLE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(60);
-const BATCH_MAX: usize = 300;
-
-fn exe(name: &str) -> String {
-    if cfg!(windows) { format!("{name}.exe") } else { name.to_owned() }
-}
-
-/// Android SDK locations, most specific first: the environment, then the usual
-/// per-platform installs (a GUI app on macOS does not see a shell's `ANDROID_HOME`).
-fn sdk_roots() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-    let mut roots: Vec<PathBuf> = ["ANDROID_HOME", "ANDROID_SDK_ROOT"]
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|key| std::env::var_os(key).map(PathBuf::from))
-        .collect();
-    let home = std::env::var_os(if cfg!(windows) { "USERPROFILE" } else { "HOME" }).map(PathBuf::from);
-    if let Some(home) = home.filter(|_| !cfg!(windows)) {
-        roots.push(home.join("Library/Android/sdk"));
-        roots.push(home.join("Android/Sdk"));
-    }
-    if cfg!(windows)
-        && let Some(local) = std::env::var_os("LOCALAPPDATA").map(PathBuf::from)
-    {
-        roots.push(local.join("Android/Sdk"));
-    }
-    roots
-}
-
-/// Locates the adb executable once per process; `OPENIDEA_ADB` overrides.
-pub fn adb_executable() -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    static ADB: OnceLock<Option<PathBuf>> = OnceLock::new();
-    ADB.get_or_init(|| {
-        if let Some(explicit) = std::env::var_os("OPENIDEA_ADB").map(PathBuf::from).filter(|p| p.is_file()) {
-            return Some(explicit);
-        }
-        let name = exe("adb");
-        if let Some(found) =
-            sdk_roots().into_iter().map(|root| root.join("platform-tools").join(&name)).find(|p| p.is_file())
-        {
-            return Some(found);
-        }
-        if let Ok(found) = which::which("adb") {
-            return Some(found);
-        }
-        let mut candidates: Vec<PathBuf> = if cfg!(windows) {
-            vec![PathBuf::from(r"C:\platform-tools\adb.exe")]
-        } else {
-            ["/usr/local/bin/adb", "/opt/homebrew/bin/adb", "/usr/bin/adb"].iter().map(PathBuf::from).collect()
-        };
-        candidates.extend([
-            PathBuf::from("/opt/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb"),
-            PathBuf::from("/usr/lib/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb"),
-        ]);
-        candidates.into_iter().find(|p: &PathBuf| p.is_file())
-    })
-    .clone()
-}
-
-fn executable() -> IdeResult<PathBuf> {
-    adb_executable().ok_or_else(|| {
-        IdeError::unavailable(
-            "adb was not found: install the Android SDK platform-tools, or set ANDROID_HOME (or OPENIDEA_ADB)",
-        )
-    })
-}
-
-/// The directory holding adb, for command lines that expect `adb` on `PATH`.
-pub fn platform_tools_dir() -> Option<&'static Path> {
-    static DIR: OnceLock<Option<PathBuf>> = OnceLock::new();
-    DIR.get_or_init(|| adb_executable().as_deref().and_then(Path::parent).map(Path::to_path_buf)).as_deref()
-}
-
-/// Connected devices, online ones first; starting the adb daemon when needed.
-pub fn devices() -> IdeResult<Vec<AndroidDevice>> {
-    let adb = executable()?;
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(adb);
-    cmd.args(["devices", "-l"]);
-    let out = process::run(cmd, DEVICES, None)?;
-    if !out.success {
-        let message = out.stderr.trim();
-        return Err(IdeError::unavailable(if message.is_empty() {
-            "adb devices failed".to_owned()
-        } else {
-            format!("adb devices failed: {message}")
-        }));
-    }
-    Ok(parse_devices(&out.stdout))
-}
-
-/// Empties the device's log buffers (`adb logcat -c`).
-pub fn clear_log(serial: &str, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let adb = executable()?;
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(adb);
-    cmd.args(["-s", serial, "logcat", "-c"]);
-    let out = process::run(cmd, CLEAR, Some(cancel))?;
-    if out.success {
-        Ok(())
-    } else {
-        Err(IdeError::unavailable(format!("adb logcat -c failed: {}", out.stderr.trim())))
-    }
-}
-
-fn command(adb: &Path, serial: &str, tail: Option<u32>) -> Command {
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(adb);
-    cmd.args(["-s", serial, "logcat", "-v", "threadtime"]);
-    if let Some(lines) = tail {
-        // Recent history first, then follow: `-T <count>` is lines, not an exit.
-        cmd.arg("-T").arg(lines.to_string());
-    }
-    cmd
-}
-
-/// Follows `serial`'s log until `cancel` fires, handing lines over in batches.
-/// With `clear`, the buffers are emptied first so the window starts clean.
-pub fn logcat(
-    serial: &str,
-    clear: bool,
-    cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    on_batch: &mut dyn FnMut(Vec<LogcatLine>),
-) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let adb = executable()?;
-    if clear {
-        clear_log(serial, cancel)?;
-    }
-    let mut parse = |line: &str| Some(parse_line(line));
-    let (ok, stderr) = match process::stream_batched(
-        command(&adb, serial, Some(TAIL_LINES)),
-        cancel,
-        BATCH_IDLE,
-        BATCH_MAX,
-        &mut parse,
-        on_batch,
-    ) {
-        Ok(result) => result,
-        // The window closed or switched devices: stopping is the expected end.
-        Err(e) if e.kind == ide_core::error::ErrorKind::Cancelled => return Ok(()),
-        Err(e) => return Err(e),
-    };
-    if ok || cancel.is_cancelled() {
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-    // `-T` is old (API 21) but adb forwards logcat options it does not know on
-    // very old devices; retry without the history rather than showing nothing.
-    let unsupported = stderr.iter().any(|line| {
-        line.contains("Unrecognized option") || line.contains("unknown option") || line.contains("Invalid option")
-    });
-    if unsupported {
-        let (ok, stderr) = match process::stream_batched(
-            command(&adb, serial, None),
-            cancel,
-            BATCH_IDLE,
-            BATCH_MAX,
-            &mut parse,
-            on_batch,
-        ) {
-            Ok(result) => result,
-            Err(e) if e.kind == ide_core::error::ErrorKind::Cancelled => return Ok(()),
-            Err(e) => return Err(e),
-        };
-        if ok || cancel.is_cancelled() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-        return Err(failure(serial, &stderr));
-    }
-    Err(failure(serial, &stderr))
-}
-
-fn failure(serial: &str, stderr: &[String]) -> IdeError {
-    let message = stderr.join("\n");
-    IdeError::unavailable(if message.trim().is_empty() {
-        format!("adb logcat on {serial} stopped")
-    } else {
-        format!("adb logcat on {serial} stopped: {message}")
-    })
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn adb_candidates_are_absolute() {
-        for root in sdk_roots() {
-            assert!(root.is_absolute(), "{root:?}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn executable_is_absolute_when_found() {
-        if let Some(adb) = adb_executable() {
-            assert!(adb.is_absolute());
-            assert!(adb.is_file());
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-//! What the Logcat tool window shows: the devices `adb` reports and the lines
-//! `adb logcat` prints, parsed from its `threadtime` format.
-
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use specta::Type;
-
-/// One entry of `adb devices -l`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct AndroidDevice {
-    /// `adb -s` value: a USB serial number, `emulator-5554`, or `host:port`.
-    pub serial: String,
-    /// `device` (usable), `offline`, `unauthorized` or `no permissions`.
-    pub state: String,
-    pub model: Option<String>,
-    pub product: Option<String>,
-    /// The device's own name from the build (`ro.product.device`).
-    pub device: Option<String>,
-    pub transport_id: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl AndroidDevice {
-    /// Ready for `logcat` / `install`.
-    pub fn is_online(&self) -> bool {
-        self.state == "device"
-    }
-
-    /// What the picker calls it: the model when known, the serial otherwise.
-    pub fn label(&self) -> &str {
-        self.model.as_deref().filter(|m| !m.trim().is_empty()).unwrap_or(&self.serial)
-    }
-}
-
-/// The single-letter logcat priority, in increasing severity.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub enum LogcatLevel {
-    Verbose,
-    Debug,
-    Info,
-    Warn,
-    Error,
-    Fatal,
-    /// A line logcat prints outside the message format (`--------- beginning of main`).
-    Unknown,
-}
-
-impl LogcatLevel {
-    pub fn letter(self) -> char {
-        match self {
-            Self::Verbose => 'V',
-            Self::Debug => 'D',
-            Self::Info => 'I',
-            Self::Warn => 'W',
-            Self::Error => 'E',
-            Self::Fatal => 'F',
-            Self::Unknown => '?',
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn parse(c: char) -> Self {
-        match c.to_ascii_uppercase() {
-            'V' => Self::Verbose,
-            'D' => Self::Debug,
-            'I' => Self::Info,
-            'W' => Self::Warn,
-            'E' => Self::Error,
-            'F' | 'A' => Self::Fatal,
-            _ => Self::Unknown,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// One [`LogcatLevel`]-tagged line of `adb logcat -v threadtime`.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct LogcatLine {
-    /// `MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmm`, as logcat prints it (no year, device time zone).
-    pub time: String,
-    pub pid: i32,
-    pub tid: i32,
-    pub level: LogcatLevel,
-    pub tag: String,
-    pub message: String,
-}
-
-impl LogcatLine {
-    /// A line logcat printed outside the message format, kept so nothing is lost.
-    fn unparsed(text: &str) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            time: String::new(),
-            pid: 0,
-            tid: 0,
-            level: LogcatLevel::Unknown,
-            tag: String::new(),
-            message: text.to_owned(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parses `adb devices -l` output; the daemon's chatter on stderr is not included.
-pub fn parse_devices(output: &str) -> Vec<AndroidDevice> {
-    let mut devices: Vec<AndroidDevice> = Vec::new();
-    for line in output.lines() {
-        let line = line.trim_end();
-        if line.trim().is_empty() || line.starts_with("List of devices") || line.starts_with('*') {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let mut fields = line.split_whitespace();
-        let (Some(serial), Some(state)) = (fields.next(), fields.next()) else {
-            continue;
-        };
-        // "no permissions (user in plugdev group; are your udev rules wrong?)"
-        // is the one state that carries spaces; the rest is a `key:value` list.
-        let mut device = AndroidDevice {
-            serial: serial.to_owned(),
-            state: state.to_owned(),
-            model: None,
-            product: None,
-            device: None,
-            transport_id: None,
-        };
-        if device.state == "no" {
-            device.state = "no permissions".to_owned();
-            devices.push(device);
-            continue;
-        }
-        for field in fields {
-            let Some((key, value)) = field.split_once(':') else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            match key {
-                "model" => device.model = Some(value.to_owned()),
-                "product" => device.product = Some(value.to_owned()),
-                "device" => device.device = Some(value.to_owned()),
-                "transport_id" => device.transport_id = Some(value.to_owned()),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-        devices.push(device);
-    }
-    // Online first, then by name, so the picker's default is the device in hand.
-    devices.sort_by(|a, b| b.is_online().cmp(&a.is_online()).then_with(|| a.serial.cmp(&b.serial)));
-    devices
-}
-
-/// Parses one `logcat -v threadtime` line:
-///
-/// ```text
-/// 11-04 12:52:39.123  3048  3059 I WindowManager: displayed
-/// ```
-///
-/// Text that does not follow the format still becomes a line, so a device that
-/// prints something unexpected does not look like a dead stream.
-pub fn parse_line(text: &str) -> LogcatLine {
-    let Some(line) = parse_formatted(text) else {
-        return LogcatLine::unparsed(text);
-    };
-    line
-}
-
-fn parse_formatted(text: &str) -> Option<LogcatLine> {
-    // "MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmm" is 18 bytes; logcat pads the rest with spaces.
-    let stamp = text.get(..18)?;
-    if !looks_like_stamp(stamp) {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let mut rest = text.get(18..)?;
-    let pid: i32 = take_field(&mut rest)?.parse().ok()?;
-    let tid: i32 = take_field(&mut rest)?.parse().ok()?;
-    let level = LogcatLevel::parse(take_field(&mut rest)?.chars().next()?);
-    let tail = rest.trim_start();
-    // "Tag            : message": logcat pads the tag to 8 columns, and the tag
-    // itself never contains a colon followed by a space.
-    let (tag, message) = match tail.split_once(": ") {
-        Some((tag, message)) => (tag.trim_end(), message),
-        None => (tail.trim_end(), ""),
-    };
-    Some(LogcatLine { time: stamp.to_owned(), pid, tid, level, tag: tag.to_owned(), message: message.to_owned() })
-}
-
-/// Consumes the next space-separated field of `rest`, leaving the remainder.
-fn take_field<'a>(rest: &mut &'a str) -> Option<&'a str> {
-    *rest = rest.trim_start();
-    if rest.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let end = rest.find(char::is_whitespace).unwrap_or(rest.len());
-    let field = &rest[..end];
-    *rest = &rest[end..];
-    Some(field)
-}
-
-fn looks_like_stamp(s: &str) -> bool {
-    let bytes = s.as_bytes();
-    bytes.len() == 18
-        && bytes[2] == b'-'
-        && bytes[5] == b' '
-        && bytes[8] == b':'
-        && bytes[11] == b':'
-        && bytes[14] == b'.'
-        && bytes.iter().enumerate().all(|(i, b)| matches!(i, 2 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 14) || b.is_ascii_digit())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reads_adb_devices_with_attributes() {
-        let out = "\
-List of devices attached
-HT7A1B2C3D4           device product:generic model:Generic_Phone device:generic transport_id:1
-emulator-5554          offline transport_id:2
-0123456789ABCDEF       unauthorized usb:1-1 transport_id:3
-
-";
-        let devices = parse_devices(out);
-        assert_eq!(devices.len(), 3);
-        // Online first, then by serial.
-        assert_eq!(devices[0].serial, "HT7A1B2C3D4");
-        assert_eq!(devices[0].state, "device");
-        assert_eq!(devices[0].model.as_deref(), Some("Generic_Phone"));
-        assert_eq!(devices[0].transport_id.as_deref(), Some("1"));
-        assert!(devices[0].is_online());
-        assert_eq!(devices[1].serial, "0123456789ABCDEF");
-        assert_eq!(devices[1].state, "unauthorized");
-        assert_eq!(devices[1].label(), "0123456789ABCDEF");
-        assert_eq!(devices[2].serial, "emulator-5554");
-        assert!(!devices[2].is_online());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reads_adb_devices_when_the_list_is_empty() {
-        assert!(parse_devices("List of devices attached\n\n").is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reads_no_permissions() {
-        let devices = parse_devices("ABC\tno permissions (user in plugdev group; are your udev rules wrong?)\n");
-        assert_eq!(devices.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(devices[0].state, "no permissions");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parses_a_threadtime_line() {
-        let line = parse_line("11-04 12:52:39.123  3048  3059 I WindowManager: Displayed activity");
-        assert_eq!(line.time, "11-04 12:52:39.123");
-        assert_eq!(line.pid, 3048);
-        assert_eq!(line.tid, 3059);
-        assert_eq!(line.level, LogcatLevel::Info);
-        assert_eq!(line.tag, "WindowManager");
-        assert_eq!(line.message, "Displayed activity");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn keeps_colons_in_the_message() {
-        let line = parse_line("11-04 12:52:39.123  3048  3059 E flutter : java.lang.IllegalStateException: boom");
-        assert_eq!(line.tag, "flutter");
-        assert_eq!(line.level, LogcatLevel::Error);
-        assert_eq!(line.message, "java.lang.IllegalStateException: boom");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn keeps_lines_outside_the_format() {
-        let line = parse_line("--------- beginning of main");
-        assert_eq!(line.level, LogcatLevel::Unknown);
-        assert_eq!(line.message, "--------- beginning of main");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn levels_order_by_severity() {
-        assert!(LogcatLevel::Warn > LogcatLevel::Info);
-        assert!(LogcatLevel::Fatal > LogcatLevel::Error);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-//! Child processes of the `adb` CLI: bounded runs, and cancellable line streams
-//! that are handed over in batches (logcat is far too chatty for one message a line).
-
-use ide_core::process::terminate_tree;
-use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeError, IdeResult};
-use std::io::Read;
-use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
-use std::sync::mpsc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
-/// How long a cancelled child gets to exit on `SIGTERM` (and flush) before `SIGKILL`.
-const KILL_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(20);
-
-pub(crate) struct Output {
-    pub stdout: String,
-    pub stderr: String,
-    pub success: bool,
-}
-
-fn prepare(cmd: &mut Command) {
-    cmd.stdin(Stdio::null()).stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
-    ide_core::process::prepare(ide_core::process::own_group(cmd));
-}
-
-fn spawn(cmd: &mut Command) -> IdeResult<Child> {
-    cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| IdeError::unavailable(format!("could not run adb: {e}")))
-}
-
-fn read_all(mut pipe: impl Read + Send + 'static) -> std::thread::JoinHandle<String> {
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let mut buf = Vec::new();
-        let _ = pipe.read_to_end(&mut buf);
-        ide_core::output_encoding::decode_tool_output(&buf)
-    })
-}
-
-/// Runs `cmd` to completion. Fails when it outlives `timeout` or `cancel` fires;
-/// a non-zero exit is reported in [`Output::success`], not as an error.
-pub(crate) fn run(mut cmd: Command, timeout: Duration, cancel: Option<&CancellationToken>) -> IdeResult<Output> {
-    prepare(&mut cmd);
-    let mut child = spawn(&mut cmd)?;
-    let out = child.stdout.take().map(read_all);
-    let err = child.stderr.take().map(read_all);
-    let deadline = Instant::now() + timeout;
-    let status = loop {
-        if let Some(status) = child.try_wait()? {
-            break status;
-        }
-        if cancel.is_some_and(CancellationToken::is_cancelled) {
-            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
-            return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-        }
-        if Instant::now() >= deadline {
-            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
-            return Err(IdeError::unavailable("adb did not respond in time"));
-        }
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
-    };
-    Ok(Output {
-        stdout: out.map(|t| t.join().unwrap_or_default()).unwrap_or_default(),
-        stderr: err.map(|t| t.join().unwrap_or_default()).unwrap_or_default(),
-        success: status.success(),
-    })
-}
-
-enum Event {
-    Line(bool, String),
-    Closed,
-}
-
-fn spawn_reader(mut pipe: impl Read + Send + 'static, tx: mpsc::Sender<Event>, stdout: bool) {
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let mut buf = [0u8; 8192];
-        let mut pending: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        let flush = |pending: &mut Vec<u8>| {
-            if !pending.is_empty() {
-                let line = ide_core::output_encoding::decode_tool_output(pending);
-                pending.clear();
-                let _ = tx.send(Event::Line(stdout, line.trim_end().to_string()));
-            }
-        };
-        loop {
-            match pipe.read(&mut buf) {
-                Ok(0) | Err(_) => break,
-                Ok(n) => {
-                    for &b in &buf[..n] {
-                        if b == b'\n' {
-                            flush(&mut pending);
-                        } else if b != b'\r' {
-                            pending.push(b);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        flush(&mut pending);
-        let _ = tx.send(Event::Closed);
-    });
-}
-
-fn flush<T>(batch: &mut Vec<T>, on_batch: &mut dyn FnMut(Vec<T>)) {
-    if !batch.is_empty() {
-        on_batch(std::mem::take(batch));
-    }
-}
-
-/// Runs `cmd`, parsing every stdout line with `parse` and handing the results to
-/// `on_batch` — as soon as `max` are ready, or once the oldest waiting line is `idle`
-/// old, so neither a quiet nor a steady stream holds lines back. Stderr is kept as a
-/// tail for the error message. Returns whether the child exited successfully.
-pub(crate) fn stream_batched<T>(
-    mut cmd: Command,
-    cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    idle: Duration,
-    max: usize,
-    mut parse: impl FnMut(&str) -> Option<T>,
-    on_batch: &mut dyn FnMut(Vec<T>),
-) -> IdeResult<(bool, Vec<String>)> {
-    if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-    }
-    prepare(&mut cmd);
-    let mut child = spawn(&mut cmd)?;
-    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Event>();
-    let mut open = 0;
-    if let Some(out) = child.stdout.take() {
-        spawn_reader(out, tx.clone(), true);
-        open += 1;
-    }
-    if let Some(err) = child.stderr.take() {
-        spawn_reader(err, tx.clone(), false);
-        open += 1;
-    }
-    drop(tx);
-    let mut stderr_tail: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    let mut batch: Vec<T> = Vec::with_capacity(max);
-    // When the first line of the waiting batch arrived.
-    let mut since = Instant::now();
-    while open > 0 {
-        if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
-            return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-        }
-        let wait = if batch.is_empty() { idle } else { idle.saturating_sub(since.elapsed()) };
-        match rx.recv_timeout(wait) {
-            Ok(Event::Line(true, line)) => {
-                if let Some(item) = parse(&line) {
-                    if batch.is_empty() {
-                        since = Instant::now();
-                    }
-                    batch.push(item);
-                    if batch.len() >= max || since.elapsed() >= idle {
-                        flush(&mut batch, on_batch);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(Event::Line(false, line)) => {
-                if !line.trim().is_empty() {
-                    stderr_tail.push(line);
-                    if stderr_tail.len() > 20 {
-                        stderr_tail.remove(0);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(Event::Closed) => open -= 1,
-            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => flush(&mut batch, on_batch),
-            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => break,
-        }
-    }
-    flush(&mut batch, on_batch);
-    let status = loop {
-        if let Some(status) = child.try_wait()? {
-            break status;
-        }
-        if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-            terminate_tree(&mut child, KILL_GRACE);
-            return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-        }
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
-    };
-    Ok((status.success(), stderr_tail))
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(test, unix))]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_steady_stream_is_handed_over_while_it_runs() {
-        let mut cmd = Command::new("sh");
-        cmd.args(["-c", "for i in $(seq 1 20); do echo $i; sleep 0.02; done"]);
-        let mut sizes = Vec::new();
-        let (ok, _) = stream_batched(
-            cmd,
-            &CancellationToken::new(),
-            Duration::from_millis(60),
-            300,
-            |line| Some(line.to_owned()),
-            &mut |batch| sizes.push(batch.len()),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        assert!(ok);
-        assert_eq!(sizes.iter().sum::<usize>(), 20);
-        assert!(sizes.len() >= 3, "lines arriving every 20 ms waited for the end: {sizes:?}");
-    }
-}
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-//! Drives a real device through `adb`, checking what the Logcat tool window does:
-//! that the device list parses, that the stream delivers batches, and that
-//! cancelling stops both the stream and its `adb` process.
-//!
-//! Ignored by default (needs a connected device). Run with
-//! `OPENIDEA_ADB_DEVICE=<serial> cargo test -p ide-android --test device -- --ignored --nocapture`
-//! — without the variable, the connected device is used when there is exactly one.
-
-use ide_android::*;
-use ide_core::CancellationToken;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
-fn serial() -> Option<String> {
-    if let Ok(serial) = std::env::var("OPENIDEA_ADB_DEVICE") {
-        return Some(serial);
-    }
-    let online = devices().ok()?.into_iter().filter(AndroidDevice::is_online).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    (online.len() == 1).then(|| online[0].serial.clone())
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn finds_the_adb_executable() {
-    let adb = adb_executable().expect("adb (set ANDROID_HOME or OPENIDEA_ADB)");
-    println!("adb: {}", adb.display());
-    assert!(adb.is_file());
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn lists_connected_devices() {
-    let devices = devices().expect("adb devices");
-    for device in &devices {
-        println!("{:<16} {:<14} {} ({:?})", device.serial, device.state, device.label(), device.transport_id);
-    }
-    assert!(!devices.is_empty(), "no devices connected");
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn streams_batches_and_stops_on_cancel() {
-    let serial = serial().expect("a single connected device, or OPENIDEA_ADB_DEVICE");
-    let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
-    let stop = cancel.clone();
-    let received = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<LogcatLine>::new()));
-    let sink = received.clone();
-    let started = Instant::now();
-    let stream = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        ide_android::logcat(&serial, false, &stop, &mut |batch| {
-            sink.lock().unwrap().extend(batch);
-        })
-    });
-    // Enough to see the tail seed and a few live lines from a device that idles.
-    std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(4));
-    cancel.cancel();
-    stream.join().unwrap().expect("logcat stops cleanly when cancelled");
-    let lines = received.lock().unwrap();
-    println!("{} lines in {:?}", lines.len(), started.elapsed());
-    for line in lines.iter().rev().take(5) {
-        println!("{:<14} {:>6} {}", line.tag, line.pid, line.message);
-    }
-    assert!(!lines.is_empty(), "no lines within 4s");
-    assert!(lines.iter().any(|l| l.level != LogcatLevel::Unknown), "every line failed to parse");
-}
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn plan(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, module: &Path, cache: &Path) -> Ide
            kind: "maven",
        });
    }
-    if let Some(g) = model.gradle_for_module(root, &module)
+    if let Some(g) = &model.gradle
        && let Some(p) = g.projects.iter().find(|p| root.join(&p.dir) == module)
    {
        let script = cache.join("resources.init.gradle");
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(maven.args.contains(&"-Dexpression=project.build.outputDirectory".into()));
        assert_eq!(maven.env["JAVA_HOME"], "/jdk");
        model.maven = None;
-        model.gradle = vec![crate::GradleModel {
+        model.gradle = Some(crate::GradleModel {
            command: "/tools/gradlew".into(),
            projects: vec![crate::GradleProject { path: ":app".into(), dir: "app".into(), ..Default::default() }],
            ..Default::default()
-        }];
+        });
        let gradle = plan(&root, &model, Path::new("app"), &cache).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(gradle.command, "/tools/gradlew");
        assert_eq!(gradle.args.last().unwrap(), ":app:openideaUpdateResources");
@@ -147,9 +147,7 @@ fn detect_dir(dir: &Path, model: &BuildModel, root: &Path) -> Option<BuildSystem
    let rel = rel_str(root, dir);
    if model.maven.as_ref().is_some_and(|m| m.projects.iter().any(|p| p.dir == rel)) || has(dir, &["pom.xml"]) {
        Some(BuildSystem::Maven)
-    } else if model.gradle_for_module(root, dir).is_some()
-        || has(dir, &["build.gradle", "build.gradle.kts", "settings.gradle", "settings.gradle.kts"])
-    {
+    } else if has(dir, &["build.gradle", "build.gradle.kts", "settings.gradle", "settings.gradle.kts"]) {
        Some(BuildSystem::Gradle)
    } else if has(dir, &["Cargo.toml"]) {
        Some(BuildSystem::Cargo)
@@ -164,13 +162,16 @@ fn detect_dir(dir: &Path, model: &BuildModel, root: &Path) -> Option<BuildSystem
    }
 }

-/// Resolves a workspace-relative or absolute directory with native path separators.
+/// `root/rel`, without a trailing separator for the root itself.
+/// `root` / `rel`, joined per `/`-separated component: on Windows a single join of
+/// `a/b` keeps the `/`, and such a path does not compare equal to the same directory
+/// as other tools (JDT LS) spell it.
 fn subdir(root: &Path, rel: &str) -> PathBuf {
-    root.join(rel).components().collect()
+    rel.split('/').filter(|part| !part.is_empty()).fold(root.to_path_buf(), |path, part| path.join(part))
 }

 fn rel_str(root: &Path, dir: &Path) -> String {
-    dir.strip_prefix(root).unwrap_or(dir).to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")
+    dir.strip_prefix(root).map(|r| r.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/")).unwrap_or_default()
 }

 /// Directories from `file`'s folder up to `root` (inclusive).
@@ -191,14 +192,7 @@ pub fn plan(
    let project_name = root.file_name().map_or_else(|| "project".to_owned(), |n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
    let module_dir = match file {
        Some(f) => {
-            let scope = model
-                .gradle
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|g| std::iter::once(root.join(&g.dir)).chain(g.projects.iter().map(|p| root.join(&p.dir))))
-                .filter(|dir| f.starts_with(dir))
-                .max_by_key(|dir| dir.components().count())
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| root.to_path_buf());
-            let dir = ancestors_within(&scope, f)
+            let dir = ancestors_within(root, f)
                .find(|d| detect_dir(d, model, root).is_some())
                .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found(format!("{} is not in a module", f.display())))?;
            Some(dir.to_path_buf())
@@ -208,7 +202,7 @@ pub fn plan(
    let dir = module_dir.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| root.to_path_buf());
    // A folder of sibling projects has no build file itself; its Maven projects are built one by one.
    let system = detect_dir(&dir, model, root)
-        .or((!model.gradle.is_empty()).then_some(BuildSystem::Gradle))
+        .or_else(|| if model.gradle.is_some() { Some(BuildSystem::Gradle) } else { None })
        .or_else(|| model.maven.as_ref().filter(|m| !m.projects.is_empty()).map(|_| BuildSystem::Maven))
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            IdeError::not_found("no supported build system (Maven, Gradle, Cargo, Go, TypeScript, CMake) found")
@@ -276,16 +270,14 @@ fn maven_steps(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, module: Option<
 }

 fn gradle_steps(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, kind: BuildKind, module: Option<&Path>) -> IdeResult<Vec<BuildStep>> {
-    if module.is_none() && !model.gradle.is_empty() {
-        return Ok(model.gradle.iter().flat_map(|g| gradle_step(root, g, kind, None)).collect());
-    }
-    let g = module
-        .and_then(|m| model.gradle_for_module(root, m))
-        .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("module does not belong to a linked Gradle build"))?;
-    Ok(gradle_step(root, g, kind, module))
-}
-
-fn gradle_step(root: &Path, g: &crate::GradleModel, kind: BuildKind, module: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<BuildStep> {
+    let fallback;
+    let g = match &model.gradle {
+        Some(g) => g,
+        None => {
+            fallback = crate::gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build found"))?;
+            &fallback
+        }
+    };
    let prefix = module
        .and_then(|m| {
            let rel = rel_str(root, m);
@@ -304,7 +296,7 @@ fn gradle_step(root: &Path, g: &crate::GradleModel, kind: BuildKind, module: Opt
    let mut s = BuildStep::new(&g.command, &["--console=plain"], &subdir(root, &g.dir), Format::Gradle);
    s.args.extend(tasks);
    s.env = g.env.clone();
-    vec![s]
+    Ok(vec![s])
 }

 fn cargo_steps(dir: &Path, kind: BuildKind) -> Vec<BuildStep> {
@@ -819,79 +811,6 @@ fn launch_class_dirs(system: BuildSystem, module: &Path, test: bool) -> Vec<Path

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn independent_gradle_builds_keep_their_launchers_and_task_paths() {
-        let wrapper = if cfg!(windows) { "gradlew.bat" } else { "gradlew" };
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path();
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir_all(root.join(dir).join("app/src/main/java")).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("settings.gradle"), "include 'app'").unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("app/build.gradle"), "plugins { id 'java' }").unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join(wrapper), "").unwrap();
-        }
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mut model = crate::load_linked(root, &root.join("cache"), None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        model.gradle[0].env.insert("JAVA_HOME".into(), "/jdk-a".into());
-        model.gradle[1].env.insert("JAVA_HOME".into(), "/jdk-b".into());
-        let all = super::plan(root, &model, super::BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(all.steps.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(all.steps[0].cwd, root.join("a"));
-        assert_eq!(all.steps[1].cwd, root.join("b"));
-        let module = super::plan(root, &model, super::BuildKind::Rebuild, Some(&root.join("b/app")), None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(module.steps.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].program, root.join("b").join(wrapper).to_string_lossy());
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].cwd, root.join("b"));
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].env["JAVA_HOME"], "/jdk-b");
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].args, ["--console=plain", ":app:clean", ":app:classes", ":app:testClasses"]);
-        // A directly linked build owns its module even when another composite reports it too.
-        let direct = model.gradle[1].projects[0].clone();
-        model.gradle[0].projects.push(direct);
-        assert_eq!(model.gradle_for_module(root, &root.join("b")).unwrap().dir, "b");
-        let mut nested = model.gradle[1].projects[1].clone();
-        nested.path = ":b:app".into();
-        model.gradle[0].projects.push(nested);
-        let nested = super::plan(root, &model, super::BuildKind::Build, Some(&root.join("b/app")), None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(nested.steps[0].program, root.join("b").join(wrapper).to_string_lossy());
-        assert_eq!(nested.steps[0].args, ["--console=plain", ":app:classes", ":app:testClasses"]);
-        model.gradle.clear();
-        assert!(super::plan(root, &model, super::BuildKind::Build, Some(&root.join("b/app")), None).is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn absolute_linked_roots_build_the_project_and_external_source_module() {
-        let wrapper = if cfg!(windows) { "gradlew.bat" } else { "gradlew" };
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let base = dunce::canonicalize(temp.path()).unwrap();
-        let root = base.join("workspace");
-        let external = base.join("external");
-        std::fs::create_dir(&root).unwrap();
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(external.join("app/src/main/java")).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(external.join("settings.gradle"), "include 'app'").unwrap();
-        let source = external.join("app/src/main/java/App.java");
-        std::fs::write(&source, "class App {}").unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(external.join(wrapper), "").unwrap();
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec![external.to_string_lossy().into_owned()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mut model = crate::load_linked(&root, &base.join("cache"), None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        model.gradle[0].env.insert("JAVA_HOME".into(), "/external-jdk".into());
-        let all = super::plan(&root, &model, super::BuildKind::Build, None, None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(all.steps[0].cwd, external);
-        assert_eq!(all.steps[0].program, external.join(wrapper).to_string_lossy());
-        let module = super::plan(&root, &model, super::BuildKind::Rebuild, Some(&source), None).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].cwd, external);
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].env["JAVA_HOME"], "/external-jdk");
-        assert_eq!(module.steps[0].args, ["--console=plain", ":app:clean", ":app:classes", ":app:testClasses"]);
-        let other = base.join("unlinked");
-        std::fs::create_dir(&other).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(other.join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        assert!(super::plan(&root, &model, super::BuildKind::Build, Some(&other), None).is_err());
-    }
    use super::*;

    /// Launch outputs use the platform separator throughout, so they compare equal to
@@ -435,15 +435,6 @@ pub fn external_roots<'a>(root: &Path, dirs: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>)

 pub fn load(root: &Path) -> Option<GradleModel> {
    let dir = build_dir(root)?;
-    load_build(root, dir.strip_prefix(root).unwrap_or(&dir))
-}
-
-/// Loads exactly this build, without searching its child folders.
-pub fn load_build(root: &Path, dir: &Path) -> Option<GradleModel> {
-    let dir = root.join(dir);
-    if !SETTINGS_FILES.iter().chain(BUILD_FILES).any(|name| dir.join(name).is_file()) {
-        return None;
-    }
    let settings = read_first(&dir, SETTINGS_FILES).map(|(_, t)| parse_settings(&t)).unwrap_or_default();
    let root_name =
        settings.name.unwrap_or_else(|| dir.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default());
@@ -464,65 +455,6 @@ pub fn load_build(root: &Path, dir: &Path) -> Option<GradleModel> {
    Some(GradleModel { dir: rel(root, &dir), projects, java_version, command: wrapper(&dir), ..GradleModel::default() })
 }

-/// Validates user-selected build folders and stores a stable, deduplicated identity.
-pub fn normalize_linked_projects(root: &Path, dirs: &[String]) -> ide_core::IdeResult<Vec<String>> {
-    let root = dunce::canonicalize(root)?;
-    let mut out = Vec::new();
-    for dir in dirs {
-        let path = dunce::canonicalize(root.join(dir))?;
-        if !path.is_dir() || !SETTINGS_FILES.iter().chain(BUILD_FILES).any(|name| path.join(name).is_file()) {
-            return Err(ide_core::IdeError::invalid(format!("No Gradle build in {}", path.display())));
-        }
-        let dir = rel(&root, &path);
-        if !out.contains(&dir) {
-            out.push(dir);
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(out)
-}
-
-/// The form `normalize_linked_projects` saves `dir` in, also for a folder that no longer
-/// exists, so a path the UI sends (`C:\…` on Windows) matches the saved entry.
-pub fn linked_project_key(root: &Path, dir: &str) -> String {
-    match (dunce::canonicalize(root), dunce::canonicalize(root.join(dir))) {
-        (Ok(root), Ok(path)) => rel(&root, &path),
-        _ => dir.replace('\\', "/"),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Linked build identities without reading their scripts (also used by index hot paths).
-pub(crate) fn linked_dirs(root: &Path, settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings) -> Vec<String> {
-    match &settings.linked_projects {
-        None => build_dir(root).map(|dir| rel(root, &dir)).into_iter().collect(),
-        Some(dirs) => {
-            let mut out = Vec::new();
-            for dir in dirs {
-                if let Ok(dirs) = normalize_linked_projects(root, std::slice::from_ref(dir)) {
-                    for dir in dirs {
-                        if !out.contains(&dir) {
-                            out.push(dir);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            out
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn load_linked(root: &Path, settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings) -> Vec<GradleModel> {
-    linked_dirs(root, settings).iter().filter_map(|dir| load_build(root, Path::new(dir))).collect()
-}
-
-/// A build's task paths are local to it, so sync caches must be local to its identity too.
-pub fn cache_dir(cache: &Path, build_dir: &str) -> PathBuf {
-    if build_dir.is_empty() {
-        return cache.to_path_buf();
-    }
-    let hash = build_dir.bytes().fold(0xcbf29ce484222325u64, |h, b| (h ^ u64::from(b)).wrapping_mul(0x100000001b3));
-    cache.join("gradle").join(format!("{hash:016x}"))
-}
-
 /// `JavaLanguageVersion.of(21)` / `sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17` in a build script.
 pub fn script_java_version(text: &str) -> Option<u32> {
    let number = |s: &str| -> Option<u32> {
@@ -684,65 +616,6 @@ pub(crate) fn has_war_plugin(script: &str) -> bool {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn a_path_from_the_ui_finds_the_saved_link() {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path().join("workspace");
-        let external = temp.path().join("external");
-        for dir in [root.join("a"), external.clone()] {
-            std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(dir.join("settings.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        }
-        let native = |p: &std::path::Path| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-        // Saved by linking; unlinking may send a native, absolute or non-canonical spelling.
-        for (dir, sent) in [
-            ("a", native(&root.join("a"))),
-            ("a", "a".to_owned()),
-            ("a", native(&root.join("a").join("..").join("a"))),
-            ("../external", native(&external)),
-        ] {
-            let saved = super::normalize_linked_projects(&root, &[dir.into()]).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(super::linked_project_key(&root, &sent), saved[0], "{sent}");
-        }
-        // A folder deleted since it was linked still matches its saved entry.
-        assert_eq!(super::linked_project_key(&root, r"gone\build"), "gone/build");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn explicit_linkage_preserves_default_discovery_and_can_unlink_every_build() {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path();
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("settings.gradle"), format!("rootProject.name = '{dir}'")).unwrap();
-        }
-        assert_eq!(super::load_linked(root, &Default::default())[0].dir, "a");
-        let mut settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec!["b".into(), "./b".into(), "a".into()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let models = super::load_linked(root, &settings);
-        assert_eq!(models.iter().map(|g| g.dir.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["b", "a"]);
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(vec![]);
-        assert!(super::load_linked(root, &settings).is_empty());
-        assert!(super::normalize_linked_projects(root, &["missing".into()]).is_err());
-        assert!(super::normalize_linked_projects(root, &["".into()]).is_err());
-        assert!(super::load_build(root, root).is_none(), "exact loading never picks a child");
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    #[test]
-    fn linked_directories_deduplicate_symlinks_and_keep_external_builds() {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path().join("workspace");
-        let external = temp.path().join("external");
-        std::fs::create_dir(&root).unwrap();
-        std::fs::create_dir(&external).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(external.join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&external, root.join("alias")).unwrap();
-        let dirs = super::normalize_linked_projects(&root, &["alias".into(), "../external".into()]).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(dirs, [external.canonicalize().unwrap().to_string_lossy().to_string()]);
-    }
    #[test]
    fn script_dependencies_read_string_and_map_notations() {
        let script = r#"
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ fn project_path(text: &str) -> String {
 /// `configuration` and returns its tree.
 pub fn gradle_dependencies(
    root: &Path,
-    model: &gradle::GradleModel,
    options: &SyncOptions,
    project: &str,
    configuration: &str,
@@ -138,6 +137,7 @@ pub fn gradle_dependencies(
    if !project.starts_with(':') || project.chars().any(char::is_whitespace) {
        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("not a Gradle project path: {project}")));
    }
+    let model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
    let task = if project == ":" { ":dependencies".to_owned() } else { format!("{project}:dependencies") };
    let mut args: Vec<String> =
        vec!["--console=plain".into(), "-q".into(), task, "--configuration".into(), configuration.into()];
@@ -226,12 +226,8 @@ runtimeClasspath - Runtime classpath of source set 'main'.
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let options = SyncOptions::default();
        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
-        assert!(
-            gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &Default::default(), &options, ":", "x --init-script y", &cancel).is_err()
-        );
-        assert!(
-            gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &Default::default(), &options, "app", "runtimeClasspath", &cancel).is_err()
-        );
+        assert!(gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &options, ":", "x --init-script y", &cancel).is_err());
+        assert!(gradle_dependencies(tmp.path(), &options, "app", "runtimeClasspath", &cancel).is_err());
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -250,15 +246,8 @@ runtimeClasspath - Runtime classpath of source set 'main'.
            offline: true,
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        let tree = gradle_dependencies(
-            root,
-            &gradle::load(root).unwrap(),
-            &options,
-            ":app",
-            "testRuntimeClasspath",
-            &CancellationToken::new(),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let tree =
+            gradle_dependencies(root, &options, ":app", "testRuntimeClasspath", &CancellationToken::new()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tree, vec![dep("org.a", "b", Some("1.0"))]);
        assert_eq!(
            std::fs::read_to_string(root.join("args")).unwrap().trim(),
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ mod xml;
 pub use gradle::{GradleModel, GradleProject, GradleTask};
 pub use gradle_deps::{GradleDependency, gradle_dependencies};
 pub use maven::{MavenDependency, MavenModel, MavenPlugin, MavenProfile, MavenProject, Omission};
-pub use sync::{
-    SyncOptions, SyncProgress, maven_profiles, save_maven_profiles, sync_gradle, sync_gradle_model, sync_maven,
-};
+pub use sync::{SyncOptions, SyncProgress, maven_profiles, save_maven_profiles, sync_gradle, sync_maven};

 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
@@ -40,31 +38,13 @@ pub enum BuildTool {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct BuildModel {
    pub maven: Option<MavenModel>,
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub gradle: Vec<GradleModel>,
-}
-
-impl BuildModel {
-    /// Prefer the deepest linked build owning the module over a composite including it.
-    pub fn gradle_for_module(&self, root: &Path, module: &Path) -> Option<&GradleModel> {
-        let module = root.join(module);
-        self.gradle.iter().filter(|g| g.projects.iter().any(|p| root.join(&p.dir) == module)).min_by_key(|g| {
-            let dir = root.join(&g.dir);
-            std::cmp::Reverse(if module.starts_with(&dir) { dir.components().count() } else { 0 })
-        })
-    }
+    pub gradle: Option<GradleModel>,
 }

 /// Static model of the builds under `root`, merged with the sync results cached in `cache_dir`.
 /// Parent POMs are looked up in `maven_repo` (the configured local repository), else the default one.
 pub fn load(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path, maven_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> BuildModel {
-    load_linked(
-        root,
-        cache_dir,
-        maven_repo,
-        &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings::default(),
-        &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings::default(),
-    )
+    load_linked(root, cache_dir, maven_repo, &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings::default())
 }

 /// Loads only linked Maven reactors, retaining an empty model so projects can be re-added.
@@ -73,66 +53,31 @@ pub fn load_linked(
    cache_dir: &Path,
    maven_repo: Option<PathBuf>,
    settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings,
-    gradle_settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings,
 ) -> BuildModel {
-    let maven = maven::has_projects(root, settings).then(|| {
+    let maven = maven::is_maven_project(root).then(|| {
        let profiles = sync::maven_profiles(cache_dir);
-        let repo = maven_repo.or_else(maven::default_local_repo);
-        let mut m = maven::load_with_linked(root, repo, &profiles, &settings.linked_projects);
+        let mut m = maven::load_with(root, maven_repo.or_else(maven::default_local_repo), &profiles);
        maven::UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&m, settings).filter(&mut m);
-        // The user settings' profiles can be chosen too (`-P` applies to them as well).
-        for p in maven::user_settings_file(root, settings).map(|f| maven::settings_profiles(&f)).unwrap_or_default() {
-            if !m.profiles.iter().any(|x| x.id == p.id) {
-                m.profiles.push(p);
-            }
-        }
        sync::apply_maven_cache(root, cache_dir, &mut m);
        m
    });
-    let gradle = gradle::load_linked(root, gradle_settings)
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|mut g| {
-            sync::apply_gradle_cache(root, &gradle::cache_dir(cache_dir, &g.dir), &mut g);
-            g
-        })
-        .collect();
+    let gradle = gradle::load(root).map(|mut g| {
+        sync::apply_gradle_cache(root, cache_dir, &mut g);
+        g
+    });
    BuildModel { maven, gradle }
 }

 /// Gradle project folders outside `root` as of the last sync (`includeFlat` siblings):
 /// extra content roots, as IDEA lists module roots beside the project folder.
 /// Reads only the sync's cached projects (no build script), so it is cheap enough for hot paths.
-pub fn gradle_external_roots(
-    root: &Path,
-    cache_dir: &Path,
-    settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings,
-) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-    let builds = gradle::linked_dirs(root, settings);
-    let dirs: Vec<String> = builds
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|dir| {
-            std::iter::once(root.join(dir).to_string_lossy().into_owned()).chain(
-                sync::reported_gradle_projects(&gradle::cache_dir(cache_dir, dir))
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|p| p.dir.clone())
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            )
-        })
-        .collect();
-    gradle::external_roots(root, dirs.iter().map(String::as_str))
+pub fn gradle_external_roots(root: &Path, cache_dir: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    gradle::external_roots(root, sync::reported_gradle_projects(cache_dir).iter().map(|p| p.dir.as_str()))
 }

 /// Source, resource and build folders of the last Gradle sync, absolute.
-pub fn gradle_source_roots(
-    root: &Path,
-    cache_dir: &Path,
-    settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings,
-) -> Vec<(PathBuf, gradle::ReportedRoot)> {
-    let reported = gradle::linked_dirs(root, settings)
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|dir| sync::reported_gradle_projects(&gradle::cache_dir(cache_dir, dir)).as_ref().clone())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    gradle::reported_source_roots(&reported)
+pub fn gradle_source_roots(cache_dir: &Path) -> Vec<(PathBuf, gradle::ReportedRoot)> {
+    gradle::reported_source_roots(&sync::reported_gradle_projects(cache_dir))
 }

 /// A library the project depends on, as `groupId:artifactId:version`.
@@ -176,7 +121,7 @@ pub fn dependency_coordinates(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel) -> Vec<Dependency
            });
        }
    }
-    for g in &model.gradle {
+    if let Some(g) = &model.gradle {
        for script in g.projects.iter().filter_map(|p| p.build_file.as_ref()) {
            let Ok(text) = std::fs::read_to_string(root.join(script)) else { continue };
            out.extend(gradle::script_dependencies(&text).into_iter().map(|(group_id, artifact_id, version)| {
@@ -202,26 +147,6 @@ pub fn affects_build(rel: &Path) -> bool {
 mod tests {
    use super::*;

-    #[test]
-    fn external_linked_build_is_indexed_before_sync_and_disappears_when_unlinked() {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path().join("workspace");
-        let external = temp.path().join("external");
-        std::fs::create_dir(&root).unwrap();
-        std::fs::create_dir(&external).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(external.join("settings.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        let mut settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec![external.to_string_lossy().into_owned()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        assert_eq!(
-            gradle_external_roots(&root, &temp.path().join("cache"), &settings),
-            [dunce::canonicalize(&external).unwrap()]
-        );
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(vec![]);
-        assert!(gradle_external_roots(&root, &temp.path().join("cache"), &settings).is_empty());
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn detects_build_systems_and_build_files() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -233,7 +158,7 @@ mod tests {
        std::fs::write(root.join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
        let m = load(&root, &cache, None);
        assert_eq!(m.maven.unwrap().projects[0].pom, "svc/pom.xml");
-        assert_eq!(m.gradle[0].projects[0].path, ":");
+        assert_eq!(m.gradle.unwrap().projects[0].path, ":");
        assert!(affects_build(Path::new("a/pom.xml")) && affects_build(Path::new("settings.gradle.kts")));
        assert!(!affects_build(Path::new("src/Main.java")));
    }
@@ -280,7 +205,7 @@ mod tests {
            ],
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        let gradle = gradle::load(root).into_iter().collect();
+        let gradle = gradle::load(root);
        let model = BuildModel { maven: Some(maven), gradle };
        let names: Vec<String> = dependency_coordinates(root, &model)
            .into_iter()
@@ -472,41 +472,6 @@ pub(crate) fn default_local_repo() -> Option<PathBuf> {
    local_repository_of(&m2.join("settings.xml")).or(Some(m2.join("repository")))
 }

-/// The user `settings.xml` a build reads: the configured one (`~/` and project-relative
-/// paths allowed), else `~/.m2/settings.xml`.
-pub fn user_settings_file(root: &Path, settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    let configured = settings.user_settings.trim();
-    if configured.is_empty() {
-        return Some(dirs::home_dir()?.join(".m2").join("settings.xml"));
-    }
-    let path = match configured.strip_prefix("~/") {
-        Some(rest) => dirs::home_dir()?.join(rest),
-        None => PathBuf::from(configured),
-    };
-    Some(if path.is_absolute() { path } else { root.join(path) })
-}
-
-/// The profiles a `settings.xml` defines, for the Profiles list beside the POMs' own (as
-/// IDEA lists them): checked by default when `<activeProfiles>` names them or they are
-/// `activeByDefault`.
-pub fn settings_profiles(settings: &Path) -> Vec<MavenProfile> {
-    let Some(root) = std::fs::read_to_string(settings).ok().and_then(|text| xml::parse(&text)) else {
-        return Vec::new();
-    };
-    let active: Vec<String> =
-        root.list("activeProfiles", "activeProfile").iter().map(|e| e.text.trim().to_owned()).collect();
-    let mut profiles: Vec<MavenProfile> = Vec::new();
-    for profile in root.list("profiles", "profile") {
-        let Some(id) = profile.text_of("id") else { continue };
-        if profiles.iter().any(|p| p.id == id) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let by_default = profile.at("activation/activeByDefault").is_some_and(|e| e.text.trim() == "true");
-        profiles.push(MavenProfile { active_by_default: by_default || active.contains(&id), id });
-    }
-    profiles
-}
-
 /// `<localRepository>` of a settings file, when it names one: the repository a build
 /// with `-s <file>` resolves into, which is not necessarily the user's default.
 pub fn local_repository_of(settings: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
@@ -1100,9 +1065,10 @@ pub fn load(root: &Path) -> MavenModel {
    load_with_repo(root, default_local_repo())
 }

-/// [`load`] with the POMs `settings` link (Add Maven Projects).
-pub fn load_linked(root: &Path, settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings) -> MavenModel {
-    load_with_linked(root, default_local_repo(), &[], &settings.linked_projects)
+/// [`load`] with the chosen `profiles` (`-P` entries; `!id` deactivates): their modules,
+/// dependencies and properties are part of the model, those turned off are not.
+pub fn load_with_profiles(root: &Path, profiles: &[String]) -> MavenModel {
+    load_with(root, default_local_repo(), profiles)
 }

 pub(crate) fn load_with_repo(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>) -> MavenModel {
@@ -1124,53 +1090,11 @@ fn profile_choice(chosen: &[String], id: &str) -> Option<bool> {
 }

 pub(crate) fn load_with(root: &Path, local_repo: Option<PathBuf>, profiles: &[String]) -> MavenModel {
-    load_with_linked(root, local_repo, profiles, &[])
-}
-
-/// The POMs of `linked` (project-relative, from Settings) that exist inside `root`.
-fn linked_poms(root: &Path, linked: &[String]) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-    let base = dunce::canonicalize(root).unwrap_or_else(|_| root.to_path_buf());
-    let mut out: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
-    for pom in linked {
-        let pom = normalized_pom(pom);
-        if pom.is_empty() || pom.starts_with("../") || pom == ".." {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let path = root.join(&pom);
-        let inside = dunce::canonicalize(&path).is_ok_and(|p| p.starts_with(&base));
-        if path.is_file() && inside && !out.contains(&path) {
-            out.push(path);
-        }
-    }
-    out
-}
-
-/// Whether `root` holds a Maven build or the settings link one inside it.
-pub fn has_projects(root: &Path, settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings) -> bool {
-    is_maven_project(root) || !linked_poms(root, &settings.linked_projects).is_empty()
-}
-
-/// The model with the chosen `profiles` (`-P` entries; `!id` deactivates: their modules,
-/// dependencies and properties are part of the model, those turned off are not) and the
-/// `linked` POMs (Add Maven Projects): builds that no reactor lists, shown as independent
-/// top-level projects. A linked POM that turns out to be a module of the root reactor stays that module.
-pub fn load_with_linked(
-    root: &Path,
-    local_repo: Option<PathBuf>,
-    profiles: &[String],
-    linked: &[String],
-) -> MavenModel {
    let mut resolver = Resolver::new(local_repo, profiles);
    let mut model = MavenModel::default();
    let mut seen: HashSet<PathBuf> = HashSet::new();
-    let mut tops = top_level_poms(root);
-    for pom in linked_poms(root, linked) {
-        if !tops.contains(&pom) {
-            tops.push(pom);
-        }
-    }
-    // (pom, aggregated); the root reactor and its modules come before linked POMs.
-    let mut stack: Vec<(PathBuf, bool)> = tops.into_iter().rev().map(|p| (p, false)).collect();
+    // (pom, aggregated)
+    let mut stack: Vec<(PathBuf, bool)> = top_level_poms(root).into_iter().rev().map(|p| (p, false)).collect();
    while let Some((path, aggregated)) = stack.pop() {
        if model.projects.len() >= MAX_PROJECTS {
            break;
@@ -1292,7 +1216,7 @@ impl UnlinkedProjects {
        if settings.unlinked_projects.is_empty() {
            return Self::default();
        }
-        Self::from_model(&load_linked(root, settings), settings)
+        Self::from_model(&load(root), settings)
    }

    pub fn from_model(model: &MavenModel, settings: &ide_core::settings::MavenSettings) -> Self {
@@ -1571,37 +1495,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(p.prefix, "checkstyle");
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn settings_profiles_are_listed_with_the_active_ones_checked() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let file = tmp.path().join("settings.xml");
-        std::fs::write(
-            &file,
-            r#"<settings>
-  <profiles>
-    <profile><id>nexus</id></profile>
-    <profile><id>jdk21</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation></profile>
-    <profile><id>release</id></profile>
-    <profile><id>nexus</id></profile>
-    <profile><activation/></profile>
-  </profiles>
-  <activeProfiles><activeProfile>nexus</activeProfile></activeProfiles>
-</settings>"#,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        let p = |id: &str, active| MavenProfile { id: id.into(), active_by_default: active };
-        assert_eq!(settings_profiles(&file), [p("nexus", true), p("jdk21", true), p("release", false)]);
-        assert!(settings_profiles(&tmp.path().join("missing.xml")).is_empty());
-
-        let mut s = ide_core::settings::MavenSettings::default();
-        let home = dirs::home_dir().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(user_settings_file(tmp.path(), &s), Some(home.join(".m2/settings.xml")));
-        s.user_settings = "conf/settings.xml".into();
-        assert_eq!(user_settings_file(tmp.path(), &s), Some(tmp.path().join("conf/settings.xml")));
-        s.user_settings = "~/work/settings.xml".into();
-        assert_eq!(user_settings_file(tmp.path(), &s), Some(home.join("work/settings.xml")));
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn a_settings_file_names_the_repository_to_read_goals_from() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -1840,49 +1733,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(model.projects.iter().all(|p| p.command == if cfg!(windows) { "mvn.cmd" } else { "mvn" }));
    }

-    /// Add Maven Projects: a POM inside the project that no reactor lists becomes an
-    /// independent top-level project; one the root reactor lists stays its module.
-    #[test]
-    fn linked_poms_outside_the_reactor_are_top_level_projects() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = tmp.path();
-        write(
-            root,
-            "pom.xml",
-            "<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>main</artifactId><version>1.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging><modules><module>core</module></modules></project>",
-        );
-        write(
-            root,
-            "core/pom.xml",
-            "<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>core</artifactId><version>1.0</version></project>",
-        );
-        write(
-            root,
-            "stub/pom.xml",
-            "<project><groupId>demo</groupId><artifactId>stub</artifactId><version>1.0</version></project>",
-        );
-        let top = |m: &MavenModel| m.projects.iter().map(|p| (p.dir.clone(), p.aggregated)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        assert_eq!(top(&load_with_linked(root, None, &[], &[])), [("".into(), false), ("core".into(), true)]);
-        let linked: Vec<String> =
-            ["stub/pom.xml", "./core/pom.xml", "../outside/pom.xml", "missing/pom.xml"].map(String::from).into();
-        assert_eq!(
-            top(&load_with_linked(root, None, &[], &linked)),
-            [("".into(), false), ("core".into(), true), ("stub".into(), false)]
-        );
-
-        // Deeper than the folder search reaches: only the link makes it a Maven project.
-        let deep = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        write(deep.path(), "a/b/c/tool/pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>tool</artifactId></project>");
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::MavenSettings {
-            linked_projects: vec!["a/b/c/tool/pom.xml".into()],
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        assert!(!has_projects(deep.path(), &Default::default()));
-        assert!(has_projects(deep.path(), &settings));
-        assert_eq!(top(&load_linked(deep.path(), &settings)), [("a/b/c/tool".into(), false)]);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn chosen_profiles_bring_their_modules_and_dependencies() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -283,12 +283,7 @@ pub fn sync_maven(
    cancel: &CancellationToken,
    progress: &dyn Fn(SyncProgress),
 ) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let mut model = maven::load_with_linked(
-        root,
-        maven::default_local_repo(),
-        &options.profiles,
-        &options.maven_settings.linked_projects,
-    );
+    let mut model = maven::load_with_profiles(root, &options.profiles);
    maven::UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&model, &options.maven_settings).filter(&mut model);
    std::fs::create_dir_all(cache_dir)?;
    let mut cache = MavenCache {
@@ -378,25 +373,8 @@ pub fn sync_gradle(
    cancel: &CancellationToken,
    progress: &dyn Fn(SyncProgress),
 ) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
-    sync_gradle_model(root, cache_dir, &model, options, cancel, progress)
-}
-
-/// Syncs this exact linked build; another build's task paths and cache cannot interfere.
-pub fn sync_gradle_model(
-    root: &Path,
-    cache_dir: &Path,
-    model: &GradleModel,
-    options: &SyncOptions,
-    cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    progress: &dyn Fn(SyncProgress),
-) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-    }
-    let mut model = model.clone();
-    let cache_dir = gradle::cache_dir(cache_dir, &model.dir);
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(&cache_dir)?;
+    let mut model = gradle::load(root).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("no Gradle build in this project"))?;
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(cache_dir)?;
    let init_script = cache_dir.join("openidea-model.gradle");
    std::fs::write(&init_script, MODEL_INIT_SCRIPT)?;
    let mut args: Vec<String> = vec![
@@ -411,24 +389,14 @@ pub fn sync_gradle_model(
        args.push("--offline".into());
    }
    progress(SyncProgress { message: "Loading Gradle tasks".into(), fraction: None });
-    let out = match run(
+    let out = run(
        options.gradle_command.as_deref().unwrap_or(&model.command),
        &args,
        &root.join(&model.dir),
        &options.env,
        cancel,
        |_| {},
-    ) {
-        Ok(out) => out,
-        Err(_) if cancel.is_cancelled() => return Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
-        Err(error) if error.kind == ide_core::error::ErrorKind::Unavailable => {
-            Output { success: false, text: error.message }
-        }
-        Err(error) => return Err(error),
-    };
-    if cancel.is_cancelled() {
-        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-    }
+    )?;
    let projects = if out.success { parse_reported_projects(&out.text) } else { Vec::new() };
    // Hash the build files of the reported projects, or the model is stale right after the sync.
    gradle::merge_reported_projects(root, &mut model, &projects);
@@ -439,128 +407,13 @@ pub fn sync_gradle_model(
        tasks: if out.success { gradle::parse_tasks(&out.text) } else { Vec::new() },
        projects,
    };
-    write_cache(&cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE, &cache)
+    write_cache(cache_dir, GRADLE_CACHE, &cache)
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;

-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    #[test]
-    fn unavailable_gradle_launchers_are_cached_without_stopping_other_builds() {
-        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path();
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        }
-        let wrapper = root.join("b/gradlew");
-        std::fs::write(&wrapper, "#!/bin/sh\nprintf '%s\\n' 'Build tasks' '-----------' 'healthy - ok'\n").unwrap();
-        std::fs::set_permissions(&wrapper, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mut models = gradle::load_linked(root, &settings);
-        models[0].command = root.join("a/missing-gradlew").to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-        let cache = root.join("cache");
-        let run = |model: &GradleModel| {
-            sync_gradle_model(root, &cache, model, &SyncOptions::default(), &CancellationToken::new(), &|_| {})
-        };
-        for model in &models {
-            run(model).unwrap();
-        }
-        let loaded = crate::load_linked(root, &cache, None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        assert!(loaded.gradle[0].sync_error.as_deref().unwrap().contains("cannot start"));
-        assert!(loaded.gradle[1].sync_error.is_none());
-        assert_eq!(loaded.gradle[1].projects[0].tasks[0].name, "healthy");
-        let bad_wrapper = root.join("a/gradlew");
-        std::fs::write(&bad_wrapper, "#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n").unwrap();
-        std::fs::set_permissions(&bad_wrapper, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o644)).unwrap();
-        models[0].command = bad_wrapper.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-        run(&models[0]).unwrap();
-        let loaded = crate::load_linked(root, &cache, None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        assert!(loaded.gradle[0].sync_error.as_deref().unwrap().contains("cannot start"));
-        assert!(loaded.gradle[1].sync_error.is_none());
-        let blocked_cache = root.join("blocked-cache");
-        std::fs::write(&blocked_cache, "a file cannot contain sync caches").unwrap();
-        assert!(
-            sync_gradle_model(
-                root,
-                &blocked_cache,
-                &models[0],
-                &SyncOptions::default(),
-                &CancellationToken::new(),
-                &|_| {}
-            )
-            .is_err()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    #[test]
-    fn independent_syncs_do_not_share_tasks_launchers_environments_or_failures() {
-        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path();
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            let build = root.join(dir);
-            std::fs::create_dir_all(build.join("app")).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(build.join("settings.gradle"), "include 'app'").unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(build.join("app/build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-            let report = serde_json::json!({"path": ":app", "dir": build.join("app")});
-            let launcher = build.join("gradlew");
-            std::fs::write(
-                &launcher,
-                format!("#!/bin/sh\npwd > actual-cwd\nprintf '%s' \"$JAVA_HOME\" > actual-env\nprintf '%s\\n' '@openidea-model\t{report}' 'Build tasks' '-----------' 'app:custom{dir} - custom task'\n"),
-            ).unwrap();
-            std::fs::set_permissions(launcher, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
-        }
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let cache = root.join("cache");
-        let models = gradle::load_linked(root, &settings);
-        for model in &models {
-            let options = SyncOptions {
-                env: BTreeMap::from([("JAVA_HOME".into(), format!("/jdk-{}", model.dir))]),
-                ..Default::default()
-            };
-            sync_gradle_model(root, &cache, model, &options, &CancellationToken::new(), &|_| {}).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(
-                std::fs::read_to_string(root.join(&model.dir).join("actual-env")).unwrap(),
-                format!("/jdk-{}", model.dir)
-            );
-            assert_eq!(
-                std::fs::read_to_string(root.join(&model.dir).join("actual-cwd")).unwrap().trim(),
-                root.join(&model.dir).canonicalize().unwrap().to_string_lossy()
-            );
-        }
-        let load = || crate::load_linked(root, &cache, None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        let model = load();
-        assert_eq!(model.gradle[0].projects[0].tasks[0].name, "customa");
-        assert_eq!(model.gradle[1].projects[0].tasks[0].name, "customb");
-        assert_ne!(gradle::cache_dir(&cache, "a"), gradle::cache_dir(&cache, "b"));
-        let before = std::fs::read(gradle::cache_dir(&cache, "a").join(GRADLE_CACHE)).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(root.join("b/gradlew"), "#!/bin/sh\nprintf 'FAILURE: broken b\\n'\nexit 1\n").unwrap();
-        sync_gradle_model(root, &cache, &models[1], &SyncOptions::default(), &CancellationToken::new(), &|_| {})
-            .unwrap();
-        let model = load();
-        assert!(model.gradle[0].sync_error.is_none());
-        assert!(model.gradle[1].sync_error.is_some());
-        assert_eq!(std::fs::read(gradle::cache_dir(&cache, "a").join(GRADLE_CACHE)).unwrap(), before);
-        let cancel = CancellationToken::new();
-        cancel.cancel();
-        assert!(sync_gradle_model(root, &cache, &models[0], &SyncOptions::default(), &cancel, &|_| {}).is_err());
-        assert_eq!(std::fs::read(gradle::cache_dir(&cache, "a").join(GRADLE_CACHE)).unwrap(), before);
-        let unlinked = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings { linked_projects: Some(vec![]), ..Default::default() };
-        assert!(crate::load_linked(root, &cache, None, &Default::default(), &unlinked).gradle.is_empty());
-        assert!(crate::gradle_source_roots(root, &cache, &unlinked).is_empty());
-    }
-
    #[cfg(unix)]
    #[test]
    fn gradle_sync_uses_resolved_command_and_environment() {
@@ -748,7 +601,7 @@ mod tests {
        write(&projects);
        let first = reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir);
        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&first, &reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir)), "unchanged: not parsed again");
-        assert_eq!(crate::gradle_external_roots(&root, &cache_dir, &Default::default()), [billing]);
+        assert_eq!(crate::gradle_external_roots(&root, &cache_dir), [billing]);
        write(&projects[..1]);
        assert_eq!(reported_gradle_projects(&cache_dir).len(), 1, "a new sync is read");
        std::fs::remove_file(cache_dir.join(GRADLE_CACHE)).unwrap();
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ pub fn artifacts(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel) -> Vec<WebArtifact> {
            });
        }
    }
-    for gradle in &model.gradle {
+    if let Some(gradle) = &model.gradle {
        for p in &gradle.projects {
            let script = p.build_file.as_ref().and_then(|f| fs::read_to_string(root.join(f)).ok()).unwrap_or_default();
            if p.tasks.iter().any(|t| t.name == "war") || crate::gradle::has_war_plugin(&script) {
                out.push(WebArtifact {
-                    id: gradle_artifact_id(gradle, &p.path),
+                    id: format!("gradle:{}", p.path),
                    name: p.name.clone(),
                    module: p.dir.clone(),
                    tool: "gradle".into(),
@@ -42,14 +42,6 @@ pub fn artifacts(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel) -> Vec<WebArtifact> {
    out
 }

-fn gradle_artifact_id(build: &crate::GradleModel, path: &str) -> String {
-    if build.dir.is_empty() {
-        format!("gradle:{path}")
-    } else {
-        format!("gradle:{}", serde_json::to_string(&(&build.dir, path)).unwrap())
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct WebBuild {
    pub command: String,
    pub args: Vec<String>,
@@ -158,14 +150,9 @@ pub fn build(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, id: &str, cache: &Path) -> IdeResu
            maven_project: Some((probe, output)),
        });
    }
-    if let Some(legacy_path) = id.strip_prefix("gradle:") {
-        let identity = serde_json::from_str::<(String, String)>(legacy_path).ok();
-        let (g, path) = match &identity {
-            Some((dir, path)) => (model.gradle.iter().find(|g| g.dir == *dir), path.as_str()),
-            None => (model.gradle.first(), legacy_path),
-        };
-        let g = g.ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Choose a Gradle WAR module"))?;
-        if !artifacts(root, model).iter().any(|a| a.id == gradle_artifact_id(g, path)) {
+    if let Some(path) = id.strip_prefix("gradle:") {
+        let g = model.gradle.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("Choose a Gradle WAR module"))?;
+        if !artifacts(root, model).iter().any(|a| a.id == id) {
            return Err(IdeError::invalid("Choose a Gradle WAR module"));
        }
        let script = cache.join("war.init.gradle");
@@ -199,28 +186,6 @@ pub fn build(root: &Path, model: &BuildModel, id: &str, cache: &Path) -> IdeResu

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn independent_war_modules_have_distinct_ids_and_build_in_their_own_directory() {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = temp.path();
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("build.gradle"), "plugins { id 'war' }").unwrap();
-        }
-        let settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings {
-            linked_projects: Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]),
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let model = crate::load_linked(root, &root.join("cache"), None, &Default::default(), &settings);
-        let artifacts = super::artifacts(root, &model);
-        assert_eq!(artifacts.len(), 2);
-        assert_ne!(artifacts[0].id, artifacts[1].id);
-        for (artifact, dir) in artifacts.iter().zip(["a", "b"]) {
-            let plan = super::build(root, &model, &artifact.id, &root.join(format!("cache/{dir}"))).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(plan.cwd, dir);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(super::build(root, &model, "gradle::", &root.join("legacy")).unwrap().cwd, "a");
-    }
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn maven_war_modules_use_resolved_artifact_file() {
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ pub mod text;
 pub mod tool_path;
 pub mod version_managers;
 pub mod workflow_settings;
-pub mod wsl;

 pub use error::{IdeError, IdeResult};
 pub use event::{EventSink, IdeEvent, NullSink, SharedSink};
@@ -828,8 +828,6 @@ pub struct JavaSettings {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(default, rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct GradleSettings {
-    /// Linked build directories; absent preserves automatic discovery, empty unlinks all builds.
-    pub linked_projects: Option<Vec<String>>,
    /// Empty = Project JDK; otherwise a JDK home.
    pub jvm: String,
    pub distribution: GradleDistribution,
@@ -866,8 +864,6 @@ pub enum GradleDistribution {
 pub struct MavenSettings {
    /// Project-relative root POMs removed from the Maven project model.
    pub unlinked_projects: Vec<String>,
-    /// Project-relative POMs outside the root reactor added as independent top-level projects.
-    pub linked_projects: Vec<String>,
    /// Maven home (or its `mvn` executable); empty = the project's `mvnw`, else `mvn` on `PATH`.
    pub home: String,
    /// User `settings.xml` (`-s`); empty = `~/.m2/settings.xml`.
@@ -1128,16 +1124,6 @@ mod maven_linkage_tests {
 mod gradle_settings_tests {
    use super::*;

-    #[test]
-    fn absent_and_explicitly_empty_gradle_links_remain_distinct() {
-        let automatic: GradleSettings = serde_json::from_str("{}").unwrap();
-        let unlinked: GradleSettings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"linkedProjects":[]}"#).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(automatic.linked_projects, None);
-        assert_eq!(unlinked.linked_projects, Some(vec![]));
-        let restored: GradleSettings = serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(&unlinked).unwrap()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(restored.linked_projects, Some(vec![]));
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn defaults_and_round_trip() {
        let old: JavaSettings = serde_json::from_str(r#"{"jdk":"/jdk"}"#).unwrap();
@@ -1150,7 +1136,6 @@ mod gradle_settings_tests {
                home: "/gradle".into(),
                user_home: "/cache/gradle".into(),
                run_using: GradleRunUsing::Ide,
-                linked_projects: Some(vec!["backend".into(), "../shared".into()]),
            };
            let restored: Settings = serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(&settings).unwrap()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(restored.languages.java.gradle, settings.languages.java.gradle);
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-//! Projects that live inside a WSL distro are reached from Windows through the
-//! `\\wsl.localhost\<distro>` (or legacy `\\wsl$\<distro>`) share.
-
-use std::path::Path;
-
-/// The WSL launcher on Windows.
-pub const EXE: &str = "wsl.exe";
-
-/// A location inside a WSL distro.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct WslPath {
-    pub distro: String,
-    /// Absolute Linux path, e.g. `/home/me/app`.
-    pub path: String,
-}
-
-/// Splits a WSL share path into distro and Linux path. Pure string work, so it
-/// accepts every spelling the UI and the OS produce: `\\wsl.localhost\X\a`,
-/// `//wsl$/X/a` and the verbatim `\\?\UNC\wsl.localhost\X\a`.
-pub fn parse(path: &Path) -> Option<WslPath> {
-    let s = path.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/");
-    let s = match s.strip_prefix("//?/UNC/") {
-        Some(rest) => format!("//{rest}"),
-        None => s,
-    };
-    let rest = s.strip_prefix("//")?;
-    let (host, rest) = rest.split_once('/')?;
-    if !host.eq_ignore_ascii_case("wsl.localhost") && !host.eq_ignore_ascii_case("wsl$") {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let (distro, tail) = rest.split_once('/').unwrap_or((rest, ""));
-    if distro.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-    Some(WslPath { distro: distro.to_owned(), path: format!("/{}", tail.trim_end_matches('/')) })
-}
-
-/// A distro name `wsl.exe -d` can be given safely: Windows creates them from letters, digits,
-/// `.`, `_` and `-`. A leading `-` would be read as an option, so it is refused too.
-pub fn is_valid_distro(name: &str) -> bool {
-    !name.is_empty()
-        && name.len() <= 64
-        && !name.starts_with('-')
-        && name.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, '.' | '_' | '-'))
-}
-
-/// Text of `wsl.exe`'s own output: UTF-16LE (with or without BOM) for its management commands
-/// and its error messages, UTF-8 for what a command inside the distro prints.
-pub fn decode_output(raw: &[u8]) -> String {
-    if raw.starts_with(&[0xff, 0xfe]) || raw.get(1) == Some(&0) {
-        let units: Vec<u16> = raw.as_chunks::<2>().0.iter().map(|c| u16::from_le_bytes(*c)).collect();
-        String::from_utf16_lossy(&units)
-    } else {
-        String::from_utf8_lossy(raw).into_owned()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Distro names from the output of `wsl.exe -l -q`. That output is UTF-16LE (UTF-8 when
-/// `WSL_UTF8=1`), one name per line; names that fail [`is_valid_distro`] are dropped, which also
-/// removes the localized "no installed distributions" message `wsl.exe` prints when there are none.
-pub fn parse_distro_list(raw: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
-    let text = decode_output(raw);
-    let mut names: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    for line in text.lines() {
-        let name = line.trim_matches(|c: char| c.is_whitespace() || c == '\u{feff}');
-        if is_valid_distro(name) && !names.iter().any(|n| n == name) {
-            names.push(name.to_owned());
-        }
-    }
-    names
-}
-
-/// Installed WSL distros. Empty off Windows, when WSL is not installed or when `wsl.exe` fails.
-pub fn list_distros() -> Vec<String> {
-    #[cfg(windows)]
-    {
-        let mut cmd = std::process::Command::new(EXE);
-        cmd.args(["-l", "-q"]);
-        crate::process::prepare(&mut cmd);
-        match cmd.output() {
-            Ok(out) if out.status.success() => parse_distro_list(&out.stdout),
-            _ => Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-    #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    Vec::new()
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn p(s: &str) -> Option<(String, String)> {
-        parse(Path::new(s)).map(|w| (w.distro, w.path))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn every_spelling_of_the_share_is_recognised() {
-        let want = Some(("Ubuntu-24.04".to_owned(), "/home/me/app".to_owned()));
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\wsl.localhost\Ubuntu-24.04\home\me\app"), want);
-        assert_eq!(p("//wsl.localhost/Ubuntu-24.04/home/me/app"), want);
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\wsl$\Ubuntu-24.04\home\me\app\"), want);
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\?\UNC\WSL.LOCALHOST\Ubuntu-24.04\home\me\app"), want);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn distro_root_and_foreign_paths() {
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\wsl.localhost\Debian"), Some(("Debian".to_owned(), "/".to_owned())));
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\server\share\a"), None);
-        assert_eq!(p(r"\\wsl.localhost\"), None);
-        assert_eq!(p("C:/Users/me"), None);
-        assert_eq!(p("/home/me"), None);
-    }
-
-    fn utf16(s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
-        std::iter::once(0xfeffu16).chain(s.encode_utf16()).flat_map(u16::to_le_bytes).collect()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn distro_list_is_decoded_from_utf16_and_utf8() {
-        let want = vec!["Ubuntu-24.04".to_owned(), "Debian".to_owned()];
-        assert_eq!(parse_distro_list(&utf16("Ubuntu-24.04\r\nDebian\r\n\r\n")), want);
-        assert_eq!(parse_distro_list(b"Ubuntu-24.04\nDebian\nDebian\n"), want);
-        assert!(
-            parse_distro_list(&utf16("Windows Subsystem for Linux has no installed distributions.\r\n")).is_empty()
-        );
-        assert!(parse_distro_list(b"").is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn distro_names_cannot_smuggle_options_or_paths() {
-        for bad in ["", "-d", "--exec", "a b", "a/b", r"a\b", "a;b", "a$(x)", "a\"b"] {
-            assert!(!is_valid_distro(bad), "{bad}");
-        }
-        assert!(is_valid_distro("Ubuntu-22.04") && is_valid_distro("docker_desktop"));
-    }
-}
@@ -302,23 +302,6 @@ pub struct DebugManager {
    data_breakpoints: Mutex<Vec<DataBreakpoint>>,
 }

-/// Whether the debugged project depends on the Flutter SDK, so it must go
-/// through `flutter debug_adapter` instead of the plain Dart one.
-///
-/// `dart debug_adapter` cannot start a program that imports `dart:ui`, and only
-/// the Flutter adapter answers `hotReload` / `hotRestart`. `dir` is the launch
-/// `cwd`; the program's own directory is tried first because a module inside a
-/// larger repository has its `pubspec.yaml` above the program, not above `cwd`.
-fn is_flutter_project(dir: &Path, program: Option<&Path>) -> bool {
-    let mut start: Vec<&Path> = program.and_then(Path::parent).into_iter().collect();
-    start.push(dir);
-    start
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|d| d.ancestors().take(6).find(|a| a.join("pubspec.yaml").is_file()))
-        .filter_map(|root| std::fs::read_to_string(root.join("pubspec.yaml")).ok())
-        .any(|s| s.contains("sdk: flutter"))
-}
-
 fn no_session(s: DebugSessionId) -> IdeError {
    IdeError::not_found(format!("no debug session {}", s.0))
 }
@@ -587,10 +570,6 @@ impl DebugManager {
        custom_command: impl FnOnce(&str) -> Option<String>,
    ) -> IdeResult<DebugSessionId> {
        let mut arguments = launch_arguments(&config)?;
-        // An IDE-side marker (never sent to the adapter): the session is a Flutter
-        // one regardless of what the working directory holds.
-        let force_flutter =
-            arguments.as_object_mut().and_then(|o| o.remove("__flutter")).and_then(|v| v.as_bool()).unwrap_or(false);
        let cwd = config
            .cwd
            .clone()
@@ -622,15 +601,6 @@ impl DebugManager {
                spec.command = python;
            }
        }
-        // Flutter: a project depending on the Flutter SDK needs `flutter debug_adapter`
-        // (the Dart adapter cannot start a program importing `dart:ui`, and hot reload
-        // is Flutter-only). Plain Dart projects keep the configured `dart`.
-        if config.adapter == "dart" && spec.command == "dart" {
-            let program = arguments.get("program").and_then(Value::as_str).map(Path::new);
-            if force_flutter || is_flutter_project(&cwd, program) {
-                spec.command = "flutter".into();
-            }
-        }
        let id = DebugSessionId::next();
        let debug_server = take_debug_server(&mut arguments)?;
        if let Some(server) = &debug_server {
@@ -1266,19 +1236,6 @@ impl DebugManager {
        Ok(())
    }

-    /// Flutter's DAP adapter: injects the changed sources into the running app.
-    /// Not part of the DAP standard; adapters that do not know the request reject it.
-    pub async fn hot_reload(&self, s: DebugSessionId) -> IdeResult<()> {
-        self.session(s)?.conn.request_timeout("hotReload", json!({ "reason": "manual" }), REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Flutter's DAP adapter: restarts the app without preserving state.
-    pub async fn hot_restart(&self, s: DebugSessionId) -> IdeResult<()> {
-        self.session(s)?.conn.request_timeout("hotRestart", json!({ "reason": "manual" }), REQUEST_TIMEOUT).await?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    pub async fn step(&self, s: DebugSessionId, thread_id: i64, kind: StepKind) -> IdeResult<()> {
        let command = match kind {
            StepKind::Over => "next",
@@ -1269,19 +1269,3 @@ async fn a_plugin_language_runs_its_debug_adapter_from_the_approved_program() {
    assert_eq!(err.kind, ide_core::error::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, "{}", err.message);
    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn flutter_projects_are_found_from_the_program_or_the_working_directory() {
-    let root = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("openidea-flutter-{}", std::process::id()));
-    let app = root.join("app");
-    let tool = root.join("tool");
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(app.join("lib")).unwrap();
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(tool.join("bin")).unwrap();
-    std::fs::write(app.join("pubspec.yaml"), "name: app\ndependencies:\n  flutter:\n    sdk: flutter\n").unwrap();
-    std::fs::write(tool.join("pubspec.yaml"), "name: tool\ndependencies:\n  args: ^2.0.0\n").unwrap();
-    assert!(is_flutter_project(&app, None));
-    assert!(is_flutter_project(&root, Some(&app.join("lib/main.dart"))));
-    assert!(!is_flutter_project(&tool, Some(&tool.join("bin/main.dart"))));
-    assert!(!is_flutter_project(&root, None));
-    std::fs::remove_dir_all(&root).unwrap();
-}
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ impl ClickhousePool {
        self.0.client.read().clone().ok_or_else(|| IdeError::new(ErrorKind::Io, "ClickHouse connection is closed"))
    }

-    /// `max_rows`: the rows the server may send (the skipped ones included).
    fn request(&self, client: &Client, query_id: &str, max_rows: usize, initialized: bool) -> RequestBuilder {
        let mut request = client
            .post(self.0.endpoint.clone())
@@ -178,17 +177,6 @@ impl ClickhousePool {
    }

    pub async fn execute(&self, sql: &str, max_rows: usize, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
-        self.execute_from(sql, 0, max_rows, cancel).await
-    }
-
-    /// [`execute`](Self::execute), reading past the first `skip` rows without parsing or keeping them.
-    pub async fn execute_from(
-        &self,
-        sql: &str,
-        skip: usize,
-        max_rows: usize,
-        cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
        if transaction_statement(sql) {
            return Err(transaction_error());
        }
@@ -200,7 +188,7 @@ impl ClickhousePool {
        };
        let client = self.client()?;
        let query_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
-        let request = self.request(&client, &query_id, skip.saturating_add(max_rows), *session).body(sql.to_owned());
+        let request = self.request(&client, &query_id, max_rows, *session).body(sql.to_owned());
        let started = Instant::now();
        let fetch = async {
            let mut response = request.send().await.map_err(http_error)?;
@@ -228,7 +216,7 @@ impl ClickhousePool {
                }
                (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), false)
            } else {
-                let mut reader = RowReader::new(skip, max_rows);
+                let mut reader = RowReader::new(max_rows);
                while let Some(chunk) = response.chunk().await.map_err(http_error)? {
                    reader.push(&chunk)?;
                }
@@ -321,13 +309,11 @@ impl ClickhousePool {

 type DecodedResult = (Vec<ResultColumn>, Vec<Vec<Option<String>>>, bool);

-/// Decodes a streamed [`FORMAT`] body. Reads past the first `skip` rows unparsed (a later
-/// page), then keeps `max_rows` rows; later rows only set `has_more` and are read past
-/// unparsed, so a grid limit bounds memory however large the block
-/// `result_overflow_mode=break` lets the server send. A line that is not a JSON array
+/// Decodes a streamed [`FORMAT`] body. Keeps the first `max_rows` rows; later rows only set
+/// `has_more` and are read past unparsed, so a grid limit bounds memory however large the
+/// block `result_overflow_mode=break` lets the server send. A line that is not a JSON array
 /// starts the exception ClickHouse writes when a query fails mid-stream.
 struct RowReader {
-    skip: usize,
    max_rows: usize,
    pending: Vec<u8>,
    names: Option<Vec<String>>,
@@ -338,17 +324,8 @@ struct RowReader {
 }

 impl RowReader {
-    fn new(skip: usize, max_rows: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            skip,
-            max_rows,
-            pending: Vec::new(),
-            names: None,
-            types: None,
-            rows: Vec::new(),
-            more: false,
-            exception: None,
-        }
+    fn new(max_rows: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { max_rows, pending: Vec::new(), names: None, types: None, rows: Vec::new(), more: false, exception: None }
    }

    fn push(&mut self, chunk: &[u8]) -> IdeResult<()> {
@@ -379,15 +356,9 @@ impl RowReader {
            self.exception = Some(format!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(line)));
            return Ok(());
        }
-        if self.names.is_some() && self.types.is_some() {
-            if self.skip > 0 {
-                self.skip -= 1;
-                return Ok(());
-            }
-            if self.rows.len() >= self.max_rows {
-                self.more = true;
-                return Ok(());
-            }
+        if self.names.is_some() && self.types.is_some() && self.rows.len() >= self.max_rows {
+            self.more = true;
+            return Ok(());
        }
        let Ok(values) = serde_json::from_slice::<Vec<Box<serde_json::value::RawValue>>>(text) else {
            self.exception = Some(format!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(line)));
@@ -576,11 +547,7 @@ mod tests {
    }

    fn decode(body: &[u8], max_rows: usize, chunk: usize) -> IdeResult<DecodedResult> {
-        decode_from(body, 0, max_rows, chunk)
-    }
-
-    fn decode_from(body: &[u8], skip: usize, max_rows: usize, chunk: usize) -> IdeResult<DecodedResult> {
-        let mut reader = RowReader::new(skip, max_rows);
+        let mut reader = RowReader::new(max_rows);
        for part in body.chunks(chunk) {
            reader.push(part)?;
        }
@@ -619,18 +586,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(decode(b"[\"x\"]\n[\"UInt8\"]\n[1, 2]\n", 1, 64).is_err());
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn a_later_page_skips_rows_without_keeping_them() {
-        let body = b"[\"n\"]\n[\"UInt8\"]\n[1]\n[2]\n[3]\n[4]\n[5]\n";
-        let page = |skip, max| {
-            let (_, rows, more) = decode_from(body, skip, max, 3).unwrap();
-            (rows.into_iter().map(|r| r[0].clone().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), more)
-        };
-        assert_eq!(page(2, 2), (vec!["3".to_owned(), "4".to_owned()], true));
-        assert_eq!(page(4, 2), (vec!["5".to_owned()], false));
-        assert_eq!(page(9, 2), (Vec::<String>::new(), false));
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn rows_past_the_limit_are_skipped_but_a_later_exception_still_fails() {
        let mut body = String::from("[\"n\"]\n[\"UInt64\"]\n");
@@ -337,13 +337,10 @@ fn result_columns<R: Row>(row: &R) -> Vec<ResultColumn> {
        .collect()
 }

-/// Streams the results of `$sql` on executor `$exec`, reading past the first `$skip`
-/// rows without decoding them, then keeping at most `$max` rows with their cells read as `$mode`.
+/// Streams the results of `$sql` on executor `$exec`, keeping at most `$max` rows
+/// with their cells read as `$mode`.
 macro_rules! fetch {
-    ($exec:expr, $sql:expr, $max:expr, $mode:expr) => {
-        fetch!($exec, $sql, 0usize, $max, $mode)
-    };
-    ($exec:expr, $sql:expr, $skip:expr, $max:expr, $mode:expr) => {{
+    ($exec:expr, $sql:expr, $max:expr, $mode:expr) => {{
        use futures::StreamExt;
        let mut stream = sqlx::raw_sql(sqlx::AssertSqlSafe($sql.to_owned())).fetch_many($exec);
        let mut columns: Vec<ResultColumn> = Vec::new();
@@ -352,7 +349,6 @@ macro_rules! fetch {
        let mut has_more = false;
        let mut failure = None;
        let mut first: Option<Instant> = None;
-        let mut to_skip: usize = $skip;
        while let Some(item) = stream.next().await {
            first.get_or_insert_with(Instant::now);
            match item {
@@ -361,10 +357,6 @@ macro_rules! fetch {
                    if columns.is_empty() {
                        columns = result_columns(&row);
                    }
-                    if to_skip > 0 {
-                        to_skip -= 1;
-                        continue;
-                    }
                    if rows.len() >= $max {
                        has_more = true;
                        break;
@@ -394,8 +386,7 @@ async fn mssql_command(conn: &mut MssqlClient, sql: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

-/// Like [`fetch!`] for SQL Server: the first `skip` rows are read past without decoding.
-async fn mssql_fetch(conn: &mut MssqlClient, sql: &str, skip: usize, max: usize) -> IdeResult<Fetched> {
+async fn mssql_fetch(conn: &mut MssqlClient, sql: &str, max: usize) -> IdeResult<Fetched> {
    let mut stream = conn.simple_query(sql).await.map_err(mssql_err)?;
    let first = Some(Instant::now());
    let columns = stream
@@ -408,13 +399,8 @@ async fn mssql_fetch(conn: &mut MssqlClient, sql: &str, skip: usize, max: usize)
        .collect();
    let mut rows = Vec::new();
    let mut has_more = false;
-    let mut to_skip = skip;
    while let Some(item) = stream.next().await {
        if let tiberius::QueryItem::Row(row) = item.map_err(mssql_err)? {
-            if to_skip > 0 {
-                to_skip -= 1;
-                continue;
-            }
            if rows.len() >= max {
                has_more = true;
                break;
@@ -748,7 +734,7 @@ impl Pool {
        let fetched: IdeResult<Fetched> = match self {
            Pool::SqlServer(p) => {
                let mut conn = p.get_owned().await.map_err(mssql_pool_err)?;
-                mssql_fetch(&mut conn, sql, 0, max).await
+                mssql_fetch(&mut conn, sql, max).await
            }
            _ => with_pool!(self, p => fetch!(p, sql, max, Cells::Text)),
        };
@@ -758,23 +744,11 @@ impl Pool {
    /// Runs one statement and keeps at most `max_rows` rows. Cancelling stops
    /// the statement on the server (PostgreSQL, MySQL) and drops the connection.
    pub async fn execute(&self, sql: &str, max_rows: usize, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
-        self.execute_from(sql, 0, max_rows, cancel).await
-    }
-
-    /// [`execute`](Self::execute), reading past the first `skip` rows without keeping them
-    /// (a later page of a result: only that page is decoded and returned).
-    pub async fn execute_from(
-        &self,
-        sql: &str,
-        skip: usize,
-        max_rows: usize,
-        cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
        if let Pool::Clickhouse(p) = self {
-            return p.execute_from(sql, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+            return p.execute(sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
        }
        let mut conn = Held::acquire(self).await?;
-        let r = conn.execute_from(self, sql, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+        let r = conn.execute(self, sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
        if cancel.is_cancelled() {
            conn.discard().await;
            return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
@@ -900,22 +874,9 @@ impl Held {
        sql: &str,
        max_rows: usize,
        cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
-        self.execute_from(pool, sql, 0, max_rows, cancel).await
-    }
-
-    /// [`execute`](Self::execute), reading past the first `skip` rows without keeping them
-    /// (see [`Pool::execute_from`]).
-    pub async fn execute_from(
-        &mut self,
-        pool: &Pool,
-        sql: &str,
-        skip: usize,
-        max_rows: usize,
-        cancel: &CancellationToken,
    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
        if let Held::Clickhouse(c) = self {
-            return c.execute_from(sql, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+            return c.execute(sql, max_rows, cancel).await;
        }
        let started = Instant::now();
        // `$id`: the query naming the server process, `$kill`: how another connection stops it.
@@ -926,7 +887,7 @@ impl Held {
                    None => None,
                };
                let r = tokio::select! {
-                    r = async { fetch!(&mut **$conn, sql, skip, max_rows, Cells::Display) } => r,
+                    r = async { fetch!(&mut **$conn, sql, max_rows, Cells::Display) } => r,
                    () = cancel.cancelled() => Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
                };
                if cancel.is_cancelled() {
@@ -955,7 +916,7 @@ impl Held {
            Held::SqlServer(c) => {
                // Tiberius has no attention/cancel API; stop reading and discard the connection.
                tokio::select! {
-                    r = mssql_fetch(c, sql, skip, max_rows) => r?,
+                    r = mssql_fetch(c, sql, max_rows) => r?,
                    () = cancel.cancelled() => return Err(IdeError::cancelled()),
                }
            }
@@ -1009,20 +1009,7 @@ impl DbManager {
        max_rows: usize,
        cancel: &CancellationToken,
    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
-        self.execute_from(id, statement, 0, max_rows, cancel).await
-    }
-
-    /// [`execute`](Self::execute), reading past the first `skip` rows without keeping
-    /// them: a later page of a result, where only that page is decoded and returned.
-    pub async fn execute_from(
-        &self,
-        id: &str,
-        statement: &str,
-        skip: usize,
-        max_rows: usize,
-        cancel: &CancellationToken,
-    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
-        let r = self.run(id, statement, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+        let r = self.run(id, statement, max_rows, cancel).await;
        let ran = match &r {
            Ok(_) => true,
            Err(e) => !matches!(e.kind, ErrorKind::Cancelled | ErrorKind::PermissionDenied),
@@ -1057,7 +1044,7 @@ impl DbManager {
    /// The execution plan of `statement` (explained, not run).
    pub async fn explain(&self, id: &str, statement: &str, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> IdeResult<Vec<PlanNode>> {
        let driver = self.pool(id).await?.driver();
-        let result = self.run(id, &plan::explain_statement(driver, statement), 0, MAX_META_ROWS, cancel).await?;
+        let result = self.run(id, &plan::explain_statement(driver, statement), MAX_META_ROWS, cancel).await?;
        plan::parse(driver, &result)
    }

@@ -1065,14 +1052,13 @@ impl DbManager {
        &self,
        id: &str,
        statement: &str,
-        skip: usize,
        max_rows: usize,
        cancel: &CancellationToken,
    ) -> IdeResult<QueryResult> {
        let pool = self.pool(id).await?;
        let session = self.sessions.lock().get(id).cloned();
        let Some(session) = session else {
-            return pool.execute_from(statement, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+            return pool.execute(statement, max_rows, cancel).await;
        };
        if pool.driver() == DbDriver::Clickhouse {
            return Err(IdeError::invalid("ClickHouse manual transactions are unsupported"));
@@ -1084,7 +1070,7 @@ impl DbManager {
            *held = Some(conn);
        }
        let conn = held.as_mut().expect("opened above");
-        let r = conn.execute_from(&pool, statement, skip, max_rows, cancel).await;
+        let r = conn.execute(&pool, statement, max_rows, cancel).await;
        if cancel.is_cancelled() {
            // The server rolls the transaction back with the connection.
            held.take().expect("opened above").discard().await;
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 //! Introspection, queries and table edits against a real SQLite file.

 use ide_core::{CancellationToken, IdeResult};
-use ide_db::{
-    CellValue, DataSource, DbDriver, DbManager, DbOptions, DbProperty, DbRowEdit, DbTableKind, QueryResult, SortKey,
-};
+use ide_db::{CellValue, DataSource, DbDriver, DbManager, DbOptions, DbProperty, DbRowEdit, DbTableKind, SortKey};

 async fn setup() -> (tempfile::TempDir, DbManager) {
    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -125,28 +123,6 @@ async fn queries_with_limits_nulls_and_blobs() -> IdeResult<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

-#[tokio::test]
-async fn a_later_page_returns_only_its_rows() -> IdeResult<()> {
-    let (_tmp, db) = setup().await;
-    let c = CancellationToken::new();
-    let sql = "SELECT id FROM users ORDER BY id";
-    let ids = |r: &QueryResult| r.rows.iter().map(|row| row[0].clone().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let second = db.execute_from("s1", sql, 1, 1, &c).await?;
-    assert_eq!(ids(&second), vec!["2"]);
-    assert!(second.has_more);
-    assert_eq!(second.columns.len(), 1);
-
-    let last = db.execute_from("s1", sql, 2, 5, &c).await?;
-    assert_eq!(ids(&last), vec!["3"]);
-    assert!(!last.has_more);
-
-    let past = db.execute_from("s1", sql, 9, 5, &c).await?;
-    assert!(past.rows.is_empty() && !past.has_more);
-    assert_eq!(past.columns.len(), 1, "columns of a page past the end come from the prepared statement");
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn pages_sorts_filters_and_edits_in_a_transaction() -> IdeResult<()> {
    let (_tmp, db) = setup().await;
@@ -79,9 +79,7 @@ impl Capability {
            Self::Secrets => "Store secrets in the system keychain".into(),
            Self::Events => "Observe workbench events (files opened, saved, focus)".into(),
            Self::InputEvents => "Observe keystrokes and editor input".into(),
-            Self::Clipboard => {
-                "Copy to the clipboard from its commands, and read and write it from its web views".into()
-            }
+            Self::Clipboard => "Read and write the clipboard from its web views".into(),
            Self::Net(host) => format!("Connect to {host} (from the machine the project is on)"),
            Self::Process(bin) => format!("Run {bin} — equivalent to running arbitrary code on this machine"),
            Self::FsRead(path) => format!("Read files under {path}, outside the project"),
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};

 pub const MANIFEST_FILE: &str = "plugin.toml";
 /// The plugin API (engine) version this host implements.
-pub const ENGINE_VERSION: &str = "1.1.0";
+pub const ENGINE_VERSION: &str = "1.0.0";
 /// The 0.1 API, still accepted for contribution-only packages and 0.1 components.
 pub const LEGACY_API: &str = "0.1";
 /// Marketplace categories, in the order they are shown.
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@ pub struct Host {
    project_requests: RwLock<HashMap<String, Vec<RequestId>>>,
    /// Shutdowns of projects closed with [`Host::close_project_detached`].
    closing: parking_lot::Mutex<Vec<std::thread::JoinHandle<()>>>,
-    /// One open at a time per window (see [`Host::opening`]).
-    open_locks: parking_lot::Mutex<HashMap<String, Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<()>>>>,
 }

 /// How long exit waits for project shutdown before giving up.
@@ -137,7 +135,6 @@ impl Host {
            requests: Default::default(),
            project_requests: RwLock::default(),
            closing: Default::default(),
-            open_locks: Default::default(),
        };
        host.apply_proxy();
        host
@@ -404,13 +401,6 @@ impl Host {
        self.requests.cancel(id);
    }

-    /// The lock an open of `window` holds from its check for the current project to its
-    /// insert: two opens racing (a double click, a launch path and a restore) would each start
-    /// an index, language servers and watchers, and the second would replace the first unclosed.
-    pub(crate) fn opening(&self, window: &str) -> Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<()>> {
-        self.open_locks.lock().entry(window.to_owned()).or_default().clone()
-    }
-
    pub(crate) fn insert_project(&self, window: &str, project: Arc<Project>) {
        self.projects.write().insert(window.to_owned(), project);
    }
@@ -8,11 +8,8 @@ use ide_agent::{
    AgentChange, AgentCommand, AgentEntry, AgentEvent, AgentProbe, AgentPrompt, AgentProvider, AgentQueued, AgentTask,
    NewAgentTask,
 };
-use ide_core::error::ErrorKind;
-use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeEvent, IdeResult, IpcPath, RequestId, SharedSink, TaskId};
+use ide_core::{IdeError, IdeResult, IpcPath, RequestId};
 use ide_tools::InstallEvent;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::sync::{LazyLock, Mutex};

 /// Streams the project's agent events to this window; returns every task.
 pub fn subscribe(host: &Host, window: &str, on_event: Emit<AgentEvent>) -> IdeResult<Vec<AgentTask>> {
@@ -61,39 +58,7 @@ pub async fn registry_list(host: &Host, _window: &str, request: RequestId) -> Id
    let result =
        tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || ide_agent::registry::list(&paths, &cancel)).await.map_err(join_err);
    host.end_request(request);
-    let mut registry = result??;
-    let installing = installing();
-    for agent in &mut registry.agents {
-        agent.installing = installing.contains(&agent.id);
-    }
-    Ok(registry)
-}
-
-/// Registry installs in progress, by agent id. An install outlives the Settings page
-/// that started it, so a second one of the same agent is refused rather than racing it
-/// for the same folder.
-static INSTALLING: LazyLock<Mutex<HashSet<String>>> = LazyLock::new(Mutex::default);
-
-fn installing() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, HashSet<String>> {
-    INSTALLING.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
-}
-
-/// Marks agent `id` as installing until dropped.
-struct Installing(String);
-
-impl Installing {
-    fn begin(id: &str) -> IdeResult<Self> {
-        if !installing().insert(id.to_owned()) {
-            return Err(IdeError::new(ErrorKind::AlreadyExists, format!("{id} is already being installed")));
-        }
-        Ok(Self(id.to_owned()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Installing {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        installing().remove(&self.0);
-    }
+    result?
 }

 /// Installs the registry's current version of agent `id` (also to update it), streaming
@@ -107,43 +72,11 @@ pub async fn registry_install(
    on_event: Channel<InstallEvent>,
 ) -> IdeResult<()> {
    let paths = registry_paths(host);
-    let installing = Installing::begin(&id)?;
    let cancel = host.begin_request(request);
-    // Also a background task of every project window, so it stays visible and can be
-    // stopped there once the Settings page is closed.
-    let task = TaskId::next();
-    let title = format!("Installing {id}");
-    let sinks: Vec<SharedSink> = host.projects().iter().map(|p| p.sink.clone()).collect();
-    let report = move |message: Option<String>, fraction: Option<f32>, done: bool| {
-        for sink in &sinks {
-            sink.emit(IdeEvent::Task {
-                id: task,
-                title: title.clone(),
-                message: message.clone(),
-                fraction,
-                done,
-                cancellable: !done,
-            });
-        }
-    };
    let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-        let _installing = installing;
-        let _cancel = ide_core::task::on_cancel(task, {
-            let cancel = cancel.clone();
-            move || cancel.cancel()
-        });
-        report(None, None, false);
-        let result = ide_agent::registry::install(&paths, &id, &cancel, &|e| {
-            match &e {
-                InstallEvent::Line { text } => report(Some(text.clone()), None, false),
-                InstallEvent::Progress { fraction, message } => {
-                    report(Some(message.clone()), fraction.map(|f| f as f32), false)
-                }
-            }
+        ide_agent::registry::install(&paths, &id, &cancel, &|e| {
            let _ = on_event.send(e);
-        });
-        report(None, Some(1.0), true);
-        result
+        })
    })
    .await
    .map_err(join_err);
@@ -330,20 +263,6 @@ fn validate_project_root(root: &std::path::Path, requested: Option<&std::path::P
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn an_agent_installs_once_at_a_time() {
-        let first = Installing::begin("test-agent").unwrap();
-        assert!(installing().contains("test-agent"));
-        let again = Installing::begin("test-agent").err().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(again.kind, ErrorKind::AlreadyExists);
-        let other = Installing::begin("test-other-agent").unwrap();
-        drop(first);
-        assert!(!installing().contains("test-agent"));
-        drop(Installing::begin("test-agent").unwrap());
-        drop(other);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn agent_roots_are_exact_window_or_workspace_members() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ pub fn load(root: &Path, cache: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> BuildModel {
        cache,
        ide_sdk::apply::maven_local_repository(root, settings),
        &settings.languages.java.maven,
-        &settings.languages.java.gradle,
    );
    let jdk = ide_sdk::apply::project_jdk(root, settings);
    if let Some(m) = &mut model.maven {
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn load(root: &Path, cache: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> BuildModel {
            p.options = options.clone();
        }
    }
-    for g in &mut model.gradle {
+    if let Some(g) = &mut model.gradle {
        g.env = ide_sdk::apply::gradle_env(root, settings, java_env(jdk.as_ref(), g.java_version));
        g.command = ide_sdk::apply::gradle_command(root, &root.join(&g.dir), settings).to_string_lossy().into_owned();
    }
@@ -66,12 +65,11 @@ pub fn load(root: &Path, cache: &Path, settings: &Settings) -> BuildModel {
        let hint = m.projects.iter().find_map(|p| missing(p.java_version));
        explain(&mut m.sync_error, hint);
    }
-    for g in &mut model.gradle {
-        if g.sync_error.is_some() {
-            let hint =
-                if settings.languages.java.gradle.jvm.trim().is_empty() { missing(g.java_version) } else { None };
-            explain(&mut g.sync_error, hint);
-        }
+    if let Some(g) = &mut model.gradle
+        && g.sync_error.is_some()
+    {
+        let hint = if settings.languages.java.gradle.jvm.trim().is_empty() { missing(g.java_version) } else { None };
+        explain(&mut g.sync_error, hint);
    }
    model
 }
@@ -96,89 +94,9 @@ pub async fn build_model(host: &Host, window: &str) -> IdeResult<BuildModel> {
    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || load(&root, &cache, &settings)).await.map_err(join_err)
 }

-fn linked_gradle_paths(
-    root: &Path,
-    settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings,
-    paths: &[String],
-    link: bool,
-) -> IdeResult<Vec<String>> {
-    let existing = settings
-        .linked_projects
-        .clone()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| ide_build::gradle::load_linked(root, settings).into_iter().map(|g| g.dir).collect());
-    let mut linked = Vec::new();
-    for path in existing {
-        let normalized = ide_build::gradle::normalize_linked_projects(root, std::slice::from_ref(&path))
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![path]);
-        for path in normalized {
-            if !linked.contains(&path) {
-                linked.push(path);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if link {
-        let directories: Vec<String> = paths
-            .iter()
-            .map(|path| {
-                let path = root.join(path);
-                let is_script = path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()).is_some_and(|name| {
-                    ide_build::gradle::SETTINGS_FILES.contains(&name) || ide_build::gradle::BUILD_FILES.contains(&name)
-                });
-                if is_script && path.is_file() {
-                    path.parent().unwrap_or(root).to_string_lossy().into_owned()
-                } else {
-                    path.to_string_lossy().into_owned()
-                }
-            })
-            .collect();
-        for path in ide_build::gradle::normalize_linked_projects(root, &directories)? {
-            if !linked.contains(&path) {
-                linked.push(path);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        let unlinked: Vec<String> = paths.iter().map(|p| ide_build::gradle::linked_project_key(root, p)).collect();
-        linked.retain(|path| !paths.contains(path) && !unlinked.contains(path));
-    }
-    Ok(linked)
-}
-
-async fn set_gradle_projects(host: &Host, window: &str, paths: Vec<String>, link: bool) -> IdeResult<BuildModel> {
-    host.require_trust(window)?;
-    let project = host.project(window)?;
-    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-        if ide_workspace::workspace::Workspace::load(&project.root)?.is_some() {
-            return Err(IdeError::invalid("Open a workspace member as a project to link Gradle builds"));
-        }
-        let linked =
-            linked_gradle_paths(&project.root, &project.settings.effective().languages.java.gradle, &paths, link)?;
-        let key = "languages.java.gradle.linkedProjects";
-        let settings =
-            project.settings.set(ide_workspace::settings::SettingsScope::Project, key, serde_json::json!(linked))?;
-        project.refresh_index_scope();
-        project.lsp.reconfigure_soon();
-        project.sink.emit(IdeEvent::SettingsChanged { key: key.into() });
-        project.sink.emit(IdeEvent::ProjectRootsChanged { root: project.root.clone().into() });
-        Ok::<BuildModel, IdeError>(load(&project.root, &project.build_cache_dir(), &settings))
-    })
-    .await
-    .map_err(join_err)?
-}
-
-/// Links independent builds without changing their Gradle scripts.
-pub async fn gradle_link_projects(host: &Host, window: &str, paths: Vec<String>) -> IdeResult<BuildModel> {
-    set_gradle_projects(host, window, paths, true).await
-}
-
-/// Stops importing the selected independent builds; files and saved run configurations stay intact.
-pub async fn gradle_unlink_projects(host: &Host, window: &str, paths: Vec<String>) -> IdeResult<BuildModel> {
-    set_gradle_projects(host, window, paths, false).await
-}
-
 /// Runs Maven (`help:effective-pom dependency:tree`) or Gradle (`tasks --all`) in the
 /// background, reporting progress on `on_progress`; cancellable with `cancel_request(request)`.
 /// Returns the refreshed model; a failed build is reported in its `syncError`.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub async fn build_sync(
    host: &Host,
    window: &str,
@@ -186,7 +104,6 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
    request: RequestId,
    offline: bool,
    profiles: Vec<String>,
-    build_dir: Option<String>,
    on_progress: Channel<SyncProgress>,
 ) -> IdeResult<BuildModel> {
    host.require_trust(window)?;
@@ -205,8 +122,6 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
        project.sink.emit(ide_core::IdeEvent::ProjectRootsChanged { root: project.root.clone().into() });
    }
    let token = host.begin_project_request(window, request);
-    let completion_token = token.clone();
-    let original_links = settings.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects.clone();
    let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
        let current = load(&root, &cache, &settings);
        let env = match tool {
@@ -216,7 +131,7 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
                .and_then(|m| m.projects.iter().find(|p| !p.env.is_empty()))
                .map(|p| p.env.clone())
                .unwrap_or_default(),
-            BuildTool::Gradle => BTreeMap::new(),
+            BuildTool::Gradle => current.gradle.as_ref().map(|g| g.env.clone()).unwrap_or_default(),
        };
        let options = SyncOptions {
            offline,
@@ -225,31 +140,14 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
            maven_command: ide_sdk::apply::maven_command(&root, &settings).map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
            maven_options: ide_sdk::apply::maven_options(&root, &settings),
            maven_settings: settings.languages.java.maven.clone(),
-            gradle_command: None,
+            gradle_command: current.gradle.as_ref().map(|g| g.command.clone()),
        };
        let progress = |p: SyncProgress| {
            let _ = on_progress.send(p);
        };
        match tool {
            BuildTool::Maven => ide_build::sync_maven(&root, &cache, &options, &token, &progress)?,
-            BuildTool::Gradle => {
-                if let Some(dir) = &build_dir
-                    && !current.gradle.iter().any(|g| &g.dir == dir)
-                {
-                    return Err(IdeError::not_found("Gradle project is no longer linked"));
-                }
-                for g in current.gradle.iter().filter(|g| build_dir.as_ref().is_none_or(|dir| dir == &g.dir)) {
-                    if token.is_cancelled() {
-                        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-                    }
-                    let options =
-                        SyncOptions { env: g.env.clone(), gradle_command: Some(g.command.clone()), ..options.clone() };
-                    ide_build::sync_gradle_model(&root, &cache, g, &options, &token, &progress)?;
-                }
-                if token.is_cancelled() {
-                    return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-                }
-            }
+            BuildTool::Gradle => ide_build::sync_gradle(&root, &cache, &options, &token, &progress)?,
        }
        Ok::<BuildModel, IdeError>(load(&root, &cache, &settings))
    })
@@ -257,18 +155,6 @@ pub async fn build_sync(
    .map_err(join_err);
    host.end_request(request);
    let model = result??;
-    if completion_token.is_cancelled() {
-        return Err(IdeError::cancelled());
-    }
-    if tool == BuildTool::Gradle && original_links != project.settings.effective().languages.java.gradle.linked_projects
-    {
-        // A late sync must not re-import a build that was unlinked while it ran.
-        return tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-            load(&project.root, &project.build_cache_dir(), &project.settings.effective())
-        })
-        .await
-        .map_err(join_err);
-    }
    if tool == BuildTool::Gradle {
        // The sync may report project folders outside the project (`includeFlat`): index and list them.
        project.refresh_index_scope();
@@ -361,26 +247,20 @@ pub async fn gradle_dependencies(
    configuration: String,
    offline: bool,
    request: RequestId,
-    build_dir: Option<String>,
 ) -> IdeResult<Vec<ide_build::GradleDependency>> {
    host.require_trust(window)?;
    let project = host.project(window)?;
    let (root, cache, settings) = (project.root.clone(), project.build_cache_dir(), project.settings.effective());
    let token = host.begin_project_request(window, request);
    let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-        let model = load(&root, &cache, &settings);
-        let gradle = model
-            .gradle
-            .iter()
-            .find(|g| build_dir.as_ref().is_none_or(|dir| &g.dir == dir))
-            .ok_or_else(|| IdeError::not_found("Gradle project is no longer linked"))?;
+        let gradle = load(&root, &cache, &settings).gradle;
        let options = SyncOptions {
            offline,
-            env: gradle.env.clone(),
-            gradle_command: Some(gradle.command.clone()),
+            env: gradle.as_ref().map(|g| g.env.clone()).unwrap_or_default(),
+            gradle_command: gradle.as_ref().map(|g| g.command.clone()),
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        ide_build::gradle_dependencies(&root, gradle, &options, &gradle_path, &configuration, &token)
+        ide_build::gradle_dependencies(&root, &options, &gradle_path, &configuration, &token)
    })
    .await
    .map_err(join_err);
@@ -502,11 +382,6 @@ pub async fn build_run(
 /// Commands of this module the remote server answers.
 pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
    d.add("build_model", |c| async move { build_model(&c.host, &c.window).await });
-    d.add("gradle_link_projects", |c| async move { gradle_link_projects(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("paths")?).await });
-    d.add(
-        "gradle_unlink_projects",
-        |c| async move { gradle_unlink_projects(&c.host, &c.window, c.arg("paths")?).await },
-    );
    d.add("build_sync", |c| async move {
        build_sync(
            &c.host,
@@ -515,7 +390,6 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
            c.arg("request")?,
            c.arg("offline")?,
            c.arg("profiles")?,
-            c.arg("buildDir")?,
            c.sender("onProgress")?,
        )
        .await
@@ -531,7 +405,6 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
            c.arg("configuration")?,
            c.arg("offline")?,
            c.arg("request")?,
-            c.arg("buildDir")?,
        )
        .await
    });
@@ -559,48 +432,6 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
 mod gradle_settings_tests {
    use super::*;

-    #[test]
-    fn linking_retains_the_implicit_build_and_unlinking_all_stays_empty() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
-        for name in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir(root.join(name)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(name).join("settings.gradle"), format!("rootProject.name = '{name}'")).unwrap();
-        }
-        let mut settings = ide_core::settings::GradleSettings::default();
-        let linked = linked_gradle_paths(&root, &settings, &["b/settings.gradle".into()], true).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(linked, ["a", "b"]);
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(linked);
-        assert_eq!(linked_gradle_paths(&root, &settings, &["b".into()], true).unwrap(), ["a", "b"]);
-        assert!(linked_gradle_paths(&root, &settings, &["missing".into()], true).is_err());
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(vec!["./a".into(), root.join("b").to_string_lossy().into_owned()]);
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(linked_gradle_paths(&root, &settings, &["a".into()], false).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(settings.linked_projects.as_ref().unwrap(), &["b"]);
-        settings.linked_projects = Some(linked_gradle_paths(&root, &settings, &["b".into()], false).unwrap());
-        assert!(ide_build::gradle::load_linked(&root, &settings).is_empty());
-        assert!(root.join("a/settings.gradle").is_file());
-        assert!(root.join("b/settings.gradle").is_file());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn settings_resolve_each_linked_builds_own_wrapper() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
-        let mut settings = Settings::default();
-        settings.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects = Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]);
-        let executable = if cfg!(windows) { "gradlew.bat" } else { "gradlew" };
-        for dir in ["a", "b"] {
-            std::fs::create_dir(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("build.gradle"), "plugins { id 'java' }").unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join(executable), "").unwrap();
-        }
-        let model = load(&root, &root.join("cache"), &settings);
-        assert_eq!(model.gradle.len(), 2);
-        for g in model.gradle {
-            assert_eq!(g.command, root.join(&g.dir).join(executable).to_string_lossy());
-        }
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn model_for_sync_tasks_and_compile_uses_gradle_settings() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -609,13 +440,13 @@ mod gradle_settings_tests {
        let wrapper = root.join(if cfg!(windows) { "gradlew.bat" } else { "gradlew" });
        std::fs::write(&wrapper, "").unwrap();
        let mut settings = Settings::default();
-        let default = load(root, &root.join("cache"), &settings).gradle.remove(0);
+        let default = load(root, &root.join("cache"), &settings).gradle.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(default.command, wrapper.to_string_lossy());
        settings.languages.java.gradle.jvm = "jdk21".into();
        settings.languages.java.gradle.user_home = "user-home".into();
        settings.languages.java.gradle.distribution = ide_core::settings::GradleDistribution::Local;
        settings.languages.java.gradle.home = "gradle-install".into();
-        let model = load(root, &root.join("cache"), &settings).gradle.remove(0);
+        let model = load(root, &root.join("cache"), &settings).gradle.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            model.command,
            root.join("gradle-install")
@@ -123,14 +123,13 @@ pub(crate) fn register(d: &mut Dispatcher) {
        statements(&c.host, &c.window, &id, &text, from, to)
    });
    d.add("db_execute", |c| async move {
-        let (request, id, statements, skip, max_rows) = (
+        let (request, id, statements, max_rows) = (
            c.arg::<RequestId>("request")?,
            c.arg::<String>("id")?,
            c.arg::<Vec<SqlStatement>>("statements")?,
-            c.arg::<Option<u32>>("skip")?.unwrap_or(0),
            c.arg::<u32>("maxRows")?,
        );
-        execute(&c.host, &c.window, request, &id, statements, skip, max_rows).await
+        execute(&c.host, &c.window, request, &id, statements, max_rows).await
    });
    d.add("db_table_page", |c| async move {
        let (request, id, schema, table) = (
@@ -326,22 +325,20 @@ pub fn statements(host: &Host, window: &str, id: &str, text: &str, from: u32, to
 }

 /// Runs `statements` in order on data source `id`, stopping at the first
-/// error. Each result reads past its first `skip` rows (a later page) and keeps
-/// `max_rows`. Cancel with `cancel_request(request)`.
+/// error. Cancel with `cancel_request(request)`.
 pub async fn execute(
    host: &Host,
    window: &str,
    request: RequestId,
    id: &str,
    statements: Vec<SqlStatement>,
-    skip: u32,
    max_rows: u32,
 ) -> IdeResult<Vec<StatementOutcome>> {
    let db = host.project(window)?.db.clone();
    let cancel = host.begin_request(request);
    let mut out = Vec::new();
    for statement in statements {
-        match db.execute_from(id, &statement.text, skip as usize, max_rows.max(1) as usize, &cancel).await {
+        match db.execute(id, &statement.text, max_rows.max(1) as usize, &cancel).await {
            Ok(result) => out.push(StatementOutcome { statement, result: Some(result), error: None }),
            Err(e) if e.kind == ide_core::error::ErrorKind::Cancelled => {
                host.end_request(request);
@@ -162,14 +162,6 @@ pub async fn debug_pause(host: &Host, _window: &str, session: DebugSessionId, th
    host.debugger.pause(session, thread_id).await
 }

-pub async fn debug_hot_reload(host: &Host, _window: &str, session: DebugSessionId) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    host.debugger.hot_reload(session).await
-}
-
-pub async fn debug_hot_restart(host: &Host, _window: &str, session: DebugSessionId) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    host.debugger.hot_restart(session).await
-}
-
 pub async fn debug_step(
    host: &Host,
    _window: &str,
@@ -196,9 +196,7 @@ pub fn set_settings(
    }
    let roots_changed = key == "projectStructure"
        || key.starts_with("projectStructure.")
-        || "languages.java.maven.unlinkedProjects".starts_with(key)
-        || "languages.java.maven.linkedProjects".starts_with(key)
-        || "languages.java.gradle.linkedProjects".starts_with(key);
+        || "languages.java.maven.unlinkedProjects".starts_with(key);
    // Content roots and excludes (files.exclude, ignored names, excluded folders) reach the
    // index and the watchers without reopening the project (the rescan runs in the background).
    if roots_changed || key == "files" || key.starts_with("files.") {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const MAX_FILE_BYTES: u64 = 4 << 20;
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct RouteSource {
-    pub path: ide_core::IpcPath,
+    pub path: String,
    pub text: String,
 }

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub(crate) fn sources_in(root: &Path, excludes: &[String]) -> Vec<RouteSource> {
            return;
        }
        bytes.fetch_add(text.len(), Ordering::Relaxed);
-        found.push(RouteSource { path: path.to_path_buf().into(), text });
+        found.push(RouteSource { path: path.to_string_lossy().into_owned(), text });
    });
    let mut files = found.into_inner().unwrap_or_default();
    files.sort_by(|a, b| a.path.cmp(&b.path));
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ mod tests {
        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join("src/Notes.txt"), "@GetMapping(\"/a\")").unwrap();
        let files = sources_in(tmp.path(), &[]);
        assert_eq!(files.len(), 1, "{:?}", files.iter().map(|f| &f.path).collect::<Vec<_>>());
-        assert!(files[0].path.ends_with("src/Ctl.java"), "{:?}", files[0].path);
+        assert!(Path::new(&files[0].path).ends_with("src/Ctl.java"), "{}", files[0].path);
        assert!(files[0].text.contains("@GetMapping"));
    }

@@ -129,6 +129,6 @@ mod tests {
        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join("build/B.java"), "@RequestMapping(\"/b\")").unwrap();
        let files = sources_in(tmp.path(), &["build/**".to_owned()]);
        assert_eq!(files.len(), 1, "{:?}", files.iter().map(|f| &f.path).collect::<Vec<_>>());
-        assert!(files[0].path.ends_with("module/src/A.java"), "{:?}", files[0].path);
+        assert!(Path::new(&files[0].path).ends_with("module/src/A.java"), "{}", files[0].path);
    }
 }
@@ -23,26 +23,8 @@ pub struct LocatedTools {
 /// Installed interpreters / toolchains of `kind`; project-local ones first.
 pub async fn sdk_detect(host: &Host, window: &str, kind: SdkKind) -> IdeResult<Vec<Sdk>> {
    host.require_trust(window)?;
-    let project = host.project(window).ok();
-    let root = project.as_ref().map(|p| p.root.clone());
-    // The interpreter the project uses is a choice even where detection doesn't look (a
-    // virtualenv in a subfolder, one picked by path), so it shows by name and version.
-    let current = match (&project, kind) {
-        (Some(p), SdkKind::Python) => ide_sdk::apply::python_interpreter(&p.root, &p.settings.effective()),
-        _ => None,
-    };
-    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-        let mut sdks = ide_sdk::detect(kind, root.as_deref());
-        if let Some(path) = current
-            && !sdks.iter().any(|s| *s.path == *path)
-            && let Some(sdk) = ide_sdk::python_interpreter_sdk(&path, root.as_deref())
-        {
-            sdks.push(sdk);
-        }
-        sdks
-    })
-    .await
-    .map_err(join_err)
+    let root = host.project(window).ok().map(|p| p.root.clone());
+    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || ide_sdk::detect(kind, root.as_deref())).await.map_err(join_err)
 }

 /// The interpreter the project uses: the configured one, else its virtualenv.
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ pub async fn vcs_add_to_ignore(
    window: &str,
    paths: Vec<PathBuf>,
    destination: IgnoreDestination,
-) -> IdeResult<Vec<ide_core::IpcPath>> {
+) -> IdeResult<Vec<String>> {
    host.require_trust(window)?;
    let project = host.project(window)?;
    blocking(move || {
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ pub async fn vcs_add_to_ignore(
            watcher.reload_ignore_rules();
        }
        project.sink.emit(ide_core::IdeEvent::VcsChanged { root: project.root.clone().into() });
-        result.map(|files| files.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect())
+        result.map(|files| files.into_iter().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).collect())
    })
    .await
 }
@@ -324,18 +324,6 @@ impl HostApi for PluginApi {
            .emit(client, PluginEvent::Notification { plugin_id: self.id().to_owned(), level, title, body });
    }

-    fn copy_to_clipboard(&self, client: Option<&str>, text: String) -> Result<(), HostError> {
-        let client = from_window(client, "copy to the clipboard")?;
-        self.shared.sink.emit(Some(client), PluginEvent::CopyToClipboard { plugin_id: self.id().to_owned(), text });
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn open_url(&self, client: Option<&str>, url: String) -> Result<(), HostError> {
-        let client = from_window(client, "open a URL")?;
-        self.shared.sink.emit(Some(client), PluginEvent::OpenUrl { plugin_id: self.id().to_owned(), url });
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
    fn status_item(&self, id: &str, item: Option<StatusItem>) {
        let key = (self.id().to_owned(), id.to_owned());
        {
@@ -430,12 +418,6 @@ impl HostApi for PluginApi {
        }))
    }

-    fn vcs_remotes(&self, root: &Path) -> Result<Vec<(String, String)>, HostError> {
-        let Some(repo) = ide_vcs::Repo::discover(root).map_err(failed)? else { return Ok(Vec::new()) };
-        let remotes = repo.remotes().map_err(failed)?;
-        Ok(remotes.into_iter().map(|r| (r.name, without_credentials(&r.url))).collect())
-    }
-
    fn vcs_fetch(&self, root: &Path, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> Result<(), HostError> {
        let workspace = self.shared.workspace();
        if !workspace.is_some_and(|w| w.trusted(root)) {
@@ -830,42 +812,3 @@ mod tests {
        );
    }
 }
-
-/// The window a user action invoked the plugin from: browser tabs and clipboard writes
-/// follow what the user did, never background work (which would reach every window).
-fn from_window<'a>(client: Option<&'a str>, what: &str) -> Result<&'a str, HostError> {
-    client.ok_or_else(|| HostError::Invalid(format!("can only {what} from a command the user invoked")))
-}
-
-/// `url` without the `user:password@` a remote may carry (`https://user:token@host/…`):
-/// `vcs.read` must not hand out credentials. scp-style `git@host:path` has no password.
-fn without_credentials(url: &str) -> String {
-    let Some((scheme, rest)) = url.split_once("://") else { return url.to_owned() };
-    let authority_end = rest.find('/').unwrap_or(rest.len());
-    match rest[..authority_end].rfind('@') {
-        Some(at) => format!("{scheme}://{}", &rest[at + 1..]),
-        None => url.to_owned(),
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod credential_tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn remote_urls_lose_their_credentials() {
-        for (url, expected) in [
-            ("https://user:[email protected]/o/r.git", "https://github.com/o/r.git"),
-            ("https://[email protected]/o/r", "https://gitlab.com/o/r"),
-            ("ssh://git@host:2222/o/r.git", "ssh://host:2222/o/r.git"),
-            ("https://github.com/o/r.git", "https://github.com/o/r.git"),
-            ("https://github.com/o/r@v1", "https://github.com/o/r@v1"),
-            ("[email protected]:o/r.git", "[email protected]:o/r.git"),
-            ("/srv/git/r.git", "/srv/git/r.git"),
-        ] {
-            assert_eq!(without_credentials(url), expected, "{url}");
-        }
-        assert!(matches!(from_window(None, "open a URL"), Err(HostError::Invalid(_))));
-        assert_eq!(from_window(Some("main"), "open a URL").unwrap(), "main");
-    }
-}
@@ -422,8 +422,7 @@ struct IdeDir {
    plugins: PathBuf,
 }

-/// The settings folders of JetBrains IDEs and Android Studio (2020.1 and later), newest first, one
-/// per product: its newest version's (an upgrade leaves the older ones behind).
+/// The settings folders of JetBrains IDEs and Android Studio (2020.1 and later), newest first.
 fn ide_dirs(layout: Layout, home: &Path, env: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<OsString>) -> Vec<IdeDir> {
    let var = |key: &str| env(key).filter(|v| !v.is_empty()).map(PathBuf::from);
    let (config_root, data_root) = match layout {
@@ -463,8 +462,6 @@ fn ide_dirs(layout: Layout, home: &Path, env: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<OsString>)
        }
    }
    out.sort_by(|a, b| b.version.cmp(&a.version).then_with(|| a.label.cmp(&b.label)));
-    let mut products = std::collections::HashSet::new();
-    out.retain(|ide| products.insert(ide.product.clone()));
    out
 }

@@ -787,13 +784,6 @@ mod tests {
        };
        let mac = mk(home.join("Library/Application Support/JetBrains/IntelliJIdea2025.2"));
        mk(home.join("Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox"));
-        // An upgrade leaves the older version's folder behind: only the newest of a product counts.
-        mk(home.join("Library/Application Support/JetBrains/IntelliJIdea2024.3"));
-        mk(home.join("Library/Application Support/JetBrains/IntelliJIdea2025.10"));
-        let dirs = ide_dirs(Layout::Mac, home, |_| None);
-        assert_eq!(dirs.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(dirs[0].label, "IntelliJ IDEA 2025.10");
-        std::fs::remove_dir(home.join("Library/Application Support/JetBrains/IntelliJIdea2025.10")).unwrap();
        let dirs = ide_dirs(Layout::Mac, home, |_| None);
        assert_eq!(dirs.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dirs[0].label, "IntelliJ IDEA 2025.2");
@@ -115,8 +115,6 @@ pub fn forwarded(event: &PluginEvent) -> bool {
            | PluginEvent::ViewMessage { .. }
            | PluginEvent::OpenTerminal { .. }
            | PluginEvent::OpenLocation { .. }
-            | PluginEvent::CopyToClipboard { .. }
-            | PluginEvent::OpenUrl { .. }
    )
 }

@@ -197,12 +197,6 @@ pub enum PluginEvent {
    /// Plugin languages, or the servers they may start, changed: re-fetch
    /// `languages` (the host re-detects open documents: [`crate::Host::plugin_languages_changed`]).
    LanguagesChanged,
-    /// Copy `text` to the system clipboard.
-    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-    CopyToClipboard { plugin_id: String, text: String },
-    /// Open `url` (`http(s)://`) in the system browser.
-    #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-    OpenUrl { plugin_id: String, url: String },
 }

 /// Delivers events to the UI. `client` is the window that invoked the plugin
@@ -77,8 +77,6 @@ impl Host {
            lap = std::time::Instant::now();
        };
        let root = dunce::canonicalize(root)?;
-        let opening = self.opening(window);
-        let _opening = opening.lock();
        // Reject a damaged manifest before replacing the currently open project.
        ide_workspace::workspace::Workspace::load(&root)?;
        // The window reloaded (or asked again) for the project it already has: keep
@@ -232,11 +230,6 @@ impl Host {
                if cfg.name == "jdtls" {
                    let (excluded_poms, build_files) = jdtls_maven_import(root, &effective);
                    ide_sdk::apply::configure_maven_import(cfg, root, &excluded_poms, build_files.as_deref());
-                    ide_sdk::apply::configure_gradle_import(
-                        cfg,
-                        effective.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects.as_deref(),
-                        build_files.as_deref(),
-                    );
                }
            }));
        }
@@ -571,8 +564,6 @@ impl Host {
            return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{} is a folder", file.display())));
        }
        let dir = file.parent().map(Path::to_path_buf).ok_or_else(|| IdeError::invalid("no parent folder"))?;
-        let opening = self.opening(window);
-        let _opening = opening.lock();
        if let Ok(current) = self.project(window)
            && current.light
        {
@@ -885,14 +876,8 @@ impl Project {

    /// Effective source / test / resource / excluded roots (detected + Project Structure marks).
    pub fn roots(&self) -> ProjectRoots {
-        let settings = self.settings.effective();
-        let detected = with_gradle_roots(
-            &self.root,
-            &self.build_cache_dir(),
-            &settings.languages.java.gradle,
-            &self.detected_roots.read(),
-        );
-        linked_roots(&self.root, &settings, &detected)
+        let detected = with_gradle_roots(&self.root, &self.build_cache_dir(), &self.detected_roots.read());
+        linked_roots(&self.root, &self.settings.effective(), &detected)
    }

    /// Where the Maven / Gradle tool windows cache what the build tools reported.
@@ -1093,7 +1078,7 @@ fn content_roots(settings: &ide_core::settings::Settings, root: &Path, build_cac
    }
    let mut out: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
    let user = settings.project_structure.content_roots.iter().map(|r| PathBuf::from(r.trim()));
-    for p in user.chain(ide_build::gradle_external_roots(root, build_cache, &settings.languages.java.gradle)) {
+    for p in user.chain(ide_build::gradle_external_roots(root, build_cache)) {
        if p.is_absolute() && p.is_dir() && !p.starts_with(root) && !out.contains(&p) {
            out.push(p);
        }
@@ -1197,93 +1182,31 @@ pub(crate) fn jdtls_maven_import(
    settings: &ide_core::settings::Settings,
 ) -> (Vec<PathBuf>, Option<Vec<String>>) {
    let maven = &settings.languages.java.maven;
-    let gradle = &settings.languages.java.gradle;
-    if maven.unlinked_projects.is_empty() && gradle.linked_projects.is_none() {
+    if maven.unlinked_projects.is_empty() {
        return (Vec::new(), None);
    }
-    let model = ide_build::maven::load_linked(root, maven);
+    let model = ide_build::maven::load(root);
    let unlinked = ide_build::maven::UnlinkedProjects::from_model(&model, maven);
    let excluded = unlinked.poms().map(PathBuf::from).collect();
-    let poms = unlinked.import_poms(&model).or_else(|| {
-        gradle.linked_projects.as_ref().map(|_| {
-            model
-                .projects
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|p| !p.aggregated && !unlinked.contains(&p.pom))
-                .map(|p| p.pom.clone())
-                .collect()
-        })
-    });
-    let build_files = poms.map(|poms| {
-        let gradle = ide_build::gradle::load_linked(root, gradle).into_iter().filter_map(|g| {
+    let build_files = unlinked.import_poms(&model).map(|poms| {
+        let gradle = ide_build::gradle::load(root).and_then(|g| {
            let dir = root.join(&g.dir);
            let names = ide_build::gradle::SETTINGS_FILES.iter().chain(ide_build::gradle::BUILD_FILES);
            names.map(|n| dir.join(n)).find(|f| f.is_file())
        });
-        let eclipse = if settings.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects.is_some() {
-            independent_eclipse_projects(root)
-        } else {
-            Vec::new()
-        };
-        poms.iter()
-            .map(|pom| root.join(pom))
-            .chain(gradle)
-            .chain(eclipse)
-            .map(|f| ide_lsp::path_to_uri_string(&f))
-            .collect()
+        poms.iter().map(|pom| root.join(pom)).chain(gradle).map(|f| ide_lsp::path_to_uri_string(&f)).collect()
    });
    (excluded, build_files)
 }

-/// Explicit Gradle imports must retain Eclipse projects without re-importing generated build metadata.
-fn independent_eclipse_projects(root: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
-    let managed = |dir: &Path| {
-        std::iter::once("pom.xml")
-            .chain(ide_build::gradle::SETTINGS_FILES.iter().copied())
-            .chain(ide_build::gradle::BUILD_FILES.iter().copied())
-            .any(|name| dir.join(name).is_file())
-    };
-    if managed(root) {
-        return Vec::new();
-    }
-    let walker = ignore::WalkBuilder::new(root)
-        .standard_filters(false)
-        .filter_entry(move |entry| {
-            if !entry.file_type().is_some_and(|kind| kind.is_dir()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if entry.depth() > 0
-                && (entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().starts_with('.')
-                    || matches!(
-                        entry.file_name().to_str(),
-                        Some("node_modules" | "target" | "build" | "dist" | "out" | "bin" | "vendor")
-                    )
-                    || entry.path().parent().is_some_and(|parent| parent.join(".project").is_file()))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            !managed(entry.path())
-        })
-        .build();
-    let mut projects: Vec<_> =
-        walker.flatten().map(|entry| entry.path().join(".project")).filter(|path| path.is_file()).collect();
-    projects.sort();
-    projects
-}
-
 /// The detected roots with the last Gradle sync's source sets first: Gradle evaluated what
 /// static detection guesses. Folders outside the project keep their absolute path, which
 /// `normalize` turns into the same form the UI compares (`Users/me/svc/src/main/java`).
-fn with_gradle_roots(
-    root: &Path,
-    build_cache: &Path,
-    settings: &ide_core::settings::GradleSettings,
-    detected: &[SourceFolder],
-) -> Vec<SourceFolder> {
+fn with_gradle_roots(root: &Path, build_cache: &Path, detected: &[SourceFolder]) -> Vec<SourceFolder> {
    use ide_build::gradle::ReportedRoot;
    use ide_workspace::roots::RootKind;
    let mut out: Vec<SourceFolder> = Vec::new();
-    for (dir, kind) in ide_build::gradle_source_roots(root, build_cache, settings) {
+    for (dir, kind) in ide_build::gradle_source_roots(build_cache) {
        if !dir.is_dir() {
            continue;
        }
@@ -1453,37 +1376,6 @@ pub fn apply_git_executable(settings: &ide_core::settings::Settings) {

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod maven_linkage_tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn explicit_gradle_links_preserve_independent_eclipse_projects() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = tmp.path();
-        for dir in
-            ["linked", "unlinked", "eclipse", "nested/eclipse", "unlinked/subproject", "maven", "build/generated"]
-        {
-            std::fs::create_dir_all(root.join(dir)).unwrap();
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join(".project"), "<projectDescription/>").unwrap();
-        }
-        for dir in ["linked", "unlinked"] {
-            std::fs::write(root.join(dir).join("settings.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        }
-        std::fs::write(root.join("maven/pom.xml"), "<project/>").unwrap();
-        let mut settings = ide_core::settings::Settings::default();
-        settings.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects = Some(vec!["linked".into()]);
-        let (_, files) = super::jdtls_maven_import(root, &settings);
-        let files = files.unwrap();
-        let uri = |path: &str| ide_lsp::path_to_uri_string(&root.join(path));
-        assert!(files.contains(&uri("linked/settings.gradle")));
-        assert!(files.contains(&uri("maven/pom.xml")));
-        assert!(files.contains(&uri("eclipse/.project")));
-        assert!(files.contains(&uri("nested/eclipse/.project")));
-        assert!(!files.iter().any(|path| path.contains("unlinked") || path.contains("build/generated")));
-        assert!(!files.contains(&uri("linked/.project")));
-        assert!(!files.contains(&uri("maven/.project")));
-        settings.languages.java.gradle.linked_projects = Some(vec![]);
-        let (_, files) = super::jdtls_maven_import(root, &settings);
-        assert_eq!(files.unwrap(), [uri("maven/pom.xml"), uri("eclipse/.project"), uri("nested/eclipse/.project")]);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn jdtls_imports_the_linked_modules_and_the_gradle_build_once_a_reactor_module_is_unlinked() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -1581,8 +1473,7 @@ mod gradle_roots_tests {
        std::fs::write(cache.join("gradle.json"), json.to_string()).unwrap();
        let guessed = SourceFolder { path: "src/it/java".into(), kind: RootKind::Source, detected_from: None };
        let other = SourceFolder { path: "web".into(), kind: RootKind::Source, detected_from: None };
-        std::fs::write(root.join("build.gradle"), "").unwrap();
-        let out = with_gradle_roots(&root, &cache, &Default::default(), &[guessed, other.clone()]);
+        let out = with_gradle_roots(&root, &cache, &[guessed, other.clone()]);
        let abs = |p: PathBuf| ide_workspace::roots::normalize(&s(p));
        let got: Vec<(String, RootKind)> = out.iter().map(|f| (f.path.clone(), f.kind)).collect();
        assert_eq!(
@@ -217,8 +217,6 @@ pub fn restricted_command_allowed(cmd: &str) -> bool {
            | "lsp_resend_diagnostics"
            | "recent_projects"
            | "remove_recent_project"
-            | "recent_project_groups"
-            | "set_recent_project_groups"
            | "open_project"
            | "close_project"
            | "project_current"
@@ -251,8 +249,6 @@ pub fn restricted_command_allowed(cmd: &str) -> bool {
            | "remote_disconnect"
            | "remote_connect"
            | "remote_bootstrap_list"
-            | "wsl_distros"
-            | "wsl_resolve"
            | "remote_list"
            | "remote_open"
            | "remote_of"
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-use ide_core::NullSink;
-use ide_host::{Host, HostConfig, ops};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
-async fn links_are_validated_persisted_and_unlinked_without_removing_files() {
-    let temp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-    let base = dunce::canonicalize(temp.path()).unwrap();
-    let root = base.join("workspace");
-    for dir in [root.join("a"), root.join("b"), base.join("external")] {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(dir.join("settings.gradle"), "rootProject.name = 'same-name'").unwrap();
-    }
-    let config = base.join("config");
-    let host = Host::new(HostConfig {
-        config_dir: config.clone(),
-        data_dir: base.join("data"),
-        local_data_dir: base.join("local"),
-        languages: Arc::new(ide_language::LanguageRegistry::load(None).unwrap()),
-        syntax: Arc::default(),
-        sink_for: Box::new(|_| Arc::new(NullSink)),
-        owner: |window| window,
-        runtime: tokio::runtime::Handle::current(),
-        project_environment: false,
-    });
-    host.open_project("main", &root).unwrap();
-    assert!(ops::build::gradle_link_projects(&host, "main", vec!["b".into()]).await.is_err());
-    host.set_project_trust(&root, true, false).await.unwrap();
-    let model = ops::build::gradle_link_projects(&host, "main", vec!["b/settings.gradle".into()]).await.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle.iter().map(|g| g.dir.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["a", "b"]);
-    let saved =
-        || ide_workspace::SettingsStore::load(&config, Some(&root)).effective().languages.java.gradle.linked_projects;
-    assert_eq!(saved(), Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]));
-    assert!(ops::build::gradle_link_projects(&host, "main", vec!["missing".into()]).await.is_err());
-    assert_eq!(saved(), Some(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]));
-    let outside = base.join("external").to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-    let model = ops::build::gradle_link_projects(&host, "main", vec![outside.clone()]).await.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle.len(), 3);
-    let model = ops::build::gradle_unlink_projects(&host, "main", vec!["a".into(), "b".into(), outside]).await.unwrap();
-    assert!(model.gradle.is_empty());
-    assert_eq!(saved(), Some(vec![]));
-    for dir in [root.join("a"), root.join("b"), base.join("external")] {
-        assert!(dir.join("settings.gradle").is_file());
-    }
-    let model = ops::build::gradle_link_projects(&host, "main", vec!["b".into()]).await.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle[0].dir, "b");
-    host.shutdown().await;
-}
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-//! Opening the project a window is already opening reuses it: racing opens (a double
-//! click, a launch path and a restore) must not start a second index and language servers.
-
-use ide_core::NullSink;
-use ide_host::{Host, HostConfig};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
-
-#[test]
-fn racing_opens_of_one_window_share_one_project() {
-    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-    let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap().join("project");
-    std::fs::create_dir_all(root.join("src")).unwrap();
-    std::fs::write(root.join("src/Main.java"), "class Main {}\n").unwrap();
-    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread().worker_threads(2).enable_all().build().unwrap();
-    let _guard = runtime.enter();
-    let host = Arc::new(Host::new(HostConfig {
-        config_dir: tmp.path().join("config"),
-        data_dir: tmp.path().join("data"),
-        local_data_dir: tmp.path().join("data"),
-        languages: Arc::new(ide_language::LanguageRegistry::load(None).unwrap()),
-        syntax: Arc::default(),
-        sink_for: Box::new(|_| Arc::new(NullSink)),
-        owner: |w| w,
-        runtime: runtime.handle().clone(),
-        project_environment: false,
-    }));
-    host.trust.decide(&root, true, false).unwrap();
-
-    let start = Arc::new(Barrier::new(4));
-    let opens: Vec<_> = (0..4)
-        .map(|_| {
-            let (host, root, start) = (host.clone(), root.clone(), start.clone());
-            std::thread::spawn(move || {
-                start.wait();
-                host.open_project("main", &root).unwrap()
-            })
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let projects: Vec<_> = opens.into_iter().map(|t| t.join().unwrap()).collect();
-
-    let current = host.project("main").unwrap();
-    for project in &projects {
-        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(project, &current), "every open returns the window's one project");
-    }
-    host.close_project("main");
-}
@@ -2077,62 +2077,6 @@ fn views_open_project_files_at_a_line() {
    assert!(opened.is_none());
 }

-#[test]
-fn vcs_remotes_clipboard_and_open_url() {
-    let f = fixture(Limits::default());
-    let info = f.install(&sample("jobs"));
-    assert_eq!(info.status, PluginStatus::Inactive, "{:?}", info.error);
-
-    // Not a git repository yet: `vcs-remotes` returns an empty list.
-    assert_eq!(f.run("jobs", "remotes", None).unwrap().as_deref(), Some(""));
-
-    git(&f.project, &["init", "-b", "main"]);
-    git(&f.project, &["remote", "add", "origin", "[email protected]:l0ng-ai/openidea.git"]);
-    git(&f.project, &["remote", "add", "upstream", "https://github.com/org/openidea"]);
-    assert_eq!(
-        f.run("jobs", "remotes", None).unwrap().as_deref(),
-        Some("[email protected]:l0ng-ai/openidea.git\nupstream=https://github.com/org/openidea")
-    );
-
-    f.host.set_capability("jobs", "vcs.read", false).unwrap();
-    assert!(f.run("jobs", "remotes", None).unwrap_err().contains("vcs.read"), "needs vcs.read");
-
-    // `ui.copy-to-clipboard` requires `clipboard` and addresses the calling window.
-    f.take_events();
-    f.run("jobs", "copy", Some("https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea")).unwrap();
-    let copied = f.take_events().into_iter().find_map(|(client, e)| match e {
-        PluginEvent::CopyToClipboard { plugin_id, text } => Some((client, plugin_id, text)),
-        _ => None,
-    });
-    assert_eq!(copied, Some((Some("main".into()), "jobs".into(), "https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea".into())));
-
-    f.host.set_capability("jobs", "clipboard", false).unwrap();
-    f.take_events();
-    assert!(f.run("jobs", "copy", Some("secret")).unwrap_err().contains("clipboard"), "needs clipboard");
-    assert!(f.take_events().iter().all(|(_, e)| !matches!(e, PluginEvent::CopyToClipboard { .. })));
-
-    // `ui.open-url` accepts http(s) URLs and rejects other schemes.
-    f.take_events();
-    f.run("jobs", "open-url", Some("https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/blob/main/README.md#L1")).unwrap();
-    let opened = f.take_events().into_iter().find_map(|(client, e)| match e {
-        PluginEvent::OpenUrl { plugin_id, url } => Some((client, plugin_id, url)),
-        _ => None,
-    });
-    assert_eq!(
-        opened,
-        Some(
-            (Some("main".into()), "jobs".into(), "https://github.com/l0ng-ai/openidea/blob/main/README.md#L1".into(),)
-        )
-    );
-
-    for bad in ["javascript:alert(1)", "file:///etc/passwd", ""] {
-        f.take_events();
-        let err = f.run("jobs", "open-url", Some(bad)).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(err.contains("http:// or https://"), "{bad:?}: {err}");
-        assert!(f.take_events().iter().all(|(_, e)| !matches!(e, PluginEvent::OpenUrl { .. })));
-    }
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn views_can_use_an_svg_icon_from_the_package() {
    let f = fixture(Limits::default());
@@ -223,8 +223,7 @@ async fn kotlin_gradle() {
    .await;
    let p = open("kotlin-gradle").await;
    let model = ops::build::build_model(&p.host, WINDOW).await.unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle.len(), 1, "one independent Gradle build");
-    let gradle = &model.gradle[0];
+    let gradle = model.gradle.expect("a Gradle model");
    assert_eq!(gradle.projects.iter().map(|g| g.name.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["openidea-fixture-library"]);
 }

@@ -232,9 +231,8 @@ async fn kotlin_gradle() {
 async fn sync(fixture: &str, tool: ide_build::BuildTool) -> ide_build::BuildModel {
    let p = open(fixture).await;
    let progress = ops::Channel::new(|_: ide_build::SyncProgress| {});
-    let model = ops::build::build_sync(&p.host, WINDOW, tool, ide_core::RequestId(1), false, vec![], None, progress)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+    let model =
+        ops::build::build_sync(&p.host, WINDOW, tool, ide_core::RequestId(1), false, vec![], progress).await.unwrap();
    // The cached sync is what the next open shows.
    let reloaded = ops::build::build_model(&p.host, WINDOW).await.unwrap();
    assert_eq!(reloaded, model);
@@ -255,9 +253,7 @@ async fn maven_sync() {
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
 #[ignore = "project smoke: needs Gradle and a JDK"]
 async fn gradle_sync() {
-    let model = sync("kotlin-gradle", ide_build::BuildTool::Gradle).await;
-    assert_eq!(model.gradle.len(), 1, "one independent Gradle build");
-    let gradle = &model.gradle[0];
+    let gradle = sync("kotlin-gradle", ide_build::BuildTool::Gradle).await.gradle.unwrap();
    assert_eq!(gradle.sync_error, None);
    assert!(gradle.synced_at.is_some());
    let tasks: Vec<&str> = gradle.projects[0].tasks.iter().map(|t| t.name.as_str()).collect();
@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ async fn malicious_project_stays_editable_then_starts_in_place_after_trust() {
            ide_core::RequestId(472),
            false,
            vec![],
-            None,
            ops::Channel::new(|_| {}),
        )
    };
@@ -49,10 +49,6 @@ pub mod framing {
                }
                return Ok(None);
            }
-            // A UTF-16LE line break is `\n\0`: the cut after `\n` leaves a NUL at the start of the
-            // next line, which would turn the `Content-Length` after it into noise.
-            let nuls = line.iter().take_while(|&&b| b == 0).count();
-            line.drain(..nuls);
            if line.last() != Some(&b'\n') {
                if n as u64 >= MAX_HEADER_LINE {
                    return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "header line too long"));
@@ -69,21 +69,6 @@ mod framing_tests {
        assert_eq!(noise[2], "Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dx");
    }

-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn utf16_output_of_wsl_exe_before_a_message_does_not_swallow_it() {
-        // `wsl.exe` reports its own errors as UTF-16LE with a BOM; the real server only starts
-        // after it, so the first message must still be read whole.
-        let notice = "The Windows Subsystem for Linux instance has terminated.";
-        let mut input: Vec<u8> = [0xff, 0xfe].into();
-        input.extend(format!("{notice}\r\n").encode_utf16().flat_map(u16::to_le_bytes));
-        input.extend(b"Content-Length: 2\r\n\r\n{}");
-        let (msgs, noise) = read_with_noise(&input).await;
-        assert_eq!(msgs.unwrap(), vec![b"{}".to_vec()]);
-        // The text is kept for the error shown to the user, whatever the BOM decodes to.
-        let ascii: String = noise.concat().chars().filter(char::is_ascii).filter(|c| *c != '\0').collect();
-        assert_eq!(ascii.trim(), notice);
-    }
-
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn unterminated_output_then_eof_is_reported() {
        // `pause` prints its prompt without a newline and the process is gone.
@@ -22,4 +22,3 @@ wasmtime-wasi = { version = "49.0.4", default-features = false, features = ["p2"
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile.workspace = true
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros", "time"] }
-wat = "1.258"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use views_bindings::exports::openidea::plugin::view_provider as wit_view;
 use views_bindings::openidea::plugin::view_types as wit_vt;

 /// The API version of the world above, `major.minor` of [`host_api`].
-pub const API_VERSION: &str = "1.1";
+pub const API_VERSION: &str = "1.0";
 const EPOCH_TICK: Duration = Duration::from_millis(10);
 pub(crate) const MAX_TEXT: usize = 1 << 20;
 pub(crate) const MAX_TITLE: usize = 256;
@@ -45,14 +45,6 @@ pub const CANCELLED: &str = "was cancelled";
 /// documents. Capabilities are already checked when these are called.
 pub trait HostApi: Send + Sync {
    fn notify(&self, client: Option<&str>, level: NotificationLevel, title: String, body: String);
-    fn copy_to_clipboard(&self, client: Option<&str>, text: String) -> Result<(), HostError> {
-        let _ = (client, text);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-    fn open_url(&self, client: Option<&str>, url: String) -> Result<(), HostError> {
-        let _ = (client, url);
-        Ok(())
-    }
    /// Sets (`Some`) or removes the plugin's status bar item `id`.
    fn status_item(&self, id: &str, item: Option<StatusItem>);
    /// Roots of the open projects.
@@ -74,10 +66,6 @@ pub trait HostApi: Send + Sync {
    fn storage_set(&self, key: &str, value: Option<String>) -> Result<(), HostError>;
    fn storage_keys(&self, prefix: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, HostError>;
    fn vcs_status(&self, root: &Path) -> Result<Option<RepositoryStatus>, HostError>;
-    fn vcs_remotes(&self, root: &Path) -> Result<Vec<(String, String)>, HostError> {
-        let _ = root;
-        Ok(Vec::new())
-    }
    fn vcs_fetch(&self, root: &Path, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> Result<(), HostError>;
    /// Subscribes to (or unsubscribes from) a kind of workbench event.
    /// Project files matching `glob` (root-relative), at most `limit`.
@@ -211,10 +199,8 @@ impl PluginEngine {
    /// Rejects a component this host can't run, with a message that says what
    /// to do: one importing interfaces outside the plugin API and WASI, or one
    /// built for a plugin API this host doesn't implement (another major, or a
-    /// newer minor), or one that doesn't link: an import the host lacks or
-    /// declares with another type (same API version, different WIT), or a
-    /// missing plugin export. Returns the API version the component was built
-    /// for (`None`: it uses no plugin interface).
+    /// newer minor). Returns the API version the component was built for
+    /// (`None`: it uses no plugin interface).
    pub fn check_component(&self, component: &Component) -> Result<Option<semver::Version>, String> {
        let ty = component.component_type();
        let imports: Vec<String> = ty.imports(&self.engine).map(|(name, _)| name.to_owned()).collect();
@@ -231,20 +217,10 @@ impl PluginEngine {
        if let Some(v) = &built_for {
            check_api(v, &host_api())?;
        }
-        let pre = self.linker.instantiate_pre(component).map_err(|e| link_error(&format!("{e:#}")))?;
-        bindings::PluginIndices::new(&pre).map_err(|e| link_error(&format!("{e:#}")))?;
        Ok(built_for)
    }
 }

-/// Explains a component that doesn't link against this host's plugin API.
-fn link_error(detail: &str) -> String {
-    format!(
-        "the component doesn't match the plugin API of this IDE ({API_VERSION}): {detail}. \
-         If it was built for a newer OpenIDEA, update OpenIDEA; otherwise rebuild it with the {API_VERSION} SDK"
-    )
-}
-
 /// Interface names of the plugin API start with this (`openidea:plugin/[email protected]`).
 const PLUGIN_PACKAGE_PREFIX: &str = "openidea:plugin/";

@@ -554,7 +530,11 @@ impl Runtime {
        arm(&mut store, &setup.limits, setup.limits.timeout).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        let api_hint = |e: wasmtime::Error| {
            let msg = describe_trap(&e, &setup.limits);
-            if msg.contains("openidea:plugin/") { link_error(&msg) } else { msg }
+            if msg.contains("openidea:plugin/") {
+                format!("{msg} (the component was built for a different plugin API; this IDE runs API {API_VERSION})")
+            } else {
+                msg
+            }
        };
        let pre = engine.linker.instantiate_pre(component).map_err(api_hint)?;
        let plugin_indices = bindings::PluginIndices::new(&pre).map_err(api_hint)?;
@@ -242,24 +242,6 @@ impl ui::Host for StoreData {
        self.host.status_item(&clip(id, 64), None);
        Ok(())
    }
-
-    fn copy_to_clipboard(&mut self, text: String) -> Fallible<()> {
-        if let Err(e) = self.require(Capability::Clipboard) {
-            return Ok(Err(e));
-        }
-        let client = self.invocation.client.clone();
-        Ok(self.host.copy_to_clipboard(client.as_deref(), clip(text, crate::runtime::MAX_TEXT)).map_err(to_wit))
-    }
-
-    fn open_url(&mut self, url: String) -> Fallible<()> {
-        let trimmed = url.trim();
-        let valid = (trimmed.starts_with("https://") || trimmed.starts_with("http://")) && trimmed.len() <= 8192;
-        if !valid {
-            return Ok(Err(wit::Error::Invalid(format!("{url:?}: expected an http:// or https:// URL"))));
-        }
-        let client = self.invocation.client.clone();
-        Ok(self.host.open_url(client.as_deref(), trimmed.to_owned()).map_err(to_wit))
-    }
 }

 impl storage::Host for StoreData {
@@ -456,14 +438,6 @@ impl vcs::Host for StoreData {
        let token = self.cancel.token();
        Ok(self.host.vcs_fetch(&root, &token).map_err(to_wit))
    }
-
-    fn remotes(&mut self, project: Resource<ProjectRes>) -> Fallible<Vec<(String, String)>> {
-        if let Err(e) = self.require(Capability::VcsRead) {
-            return Ok(Err(e));
-        }
-        let root = self.table.get(&project)?.root.clone();
-        Ok(self.host.vcs_remotes(&root).map_err(to_wit))
-    }
 }

 impl events::Host for StoreData {
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-//! `PluginEngine::check_component` (what installing and `openidea-plugin check`
-//! run) refuses a component the IDE could not start: every import has to link
-//! against the host, function by function, and the plugin world's exports have
-//! to be there, not only the interface names and their API version.
-
-use ide_plugin::PluginEngine;
-
-fn check(wat: &str) -> Result<Option<semver::Version>, String> {
-    let engine = PluginEngine::new().unwrap();
-    let component = engine.compile_bytes(&wat::parse_str(wat).unwrap()).unwrap();
-    engine.check_component(&component)
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn components_the_host_cannot_link_are_refused() {
-    let cases = [
-        // As dengliu.gitlink 0.1.0 was: built from unreleased WIT that added functions under the same version.
-        (
-            "a function the host's interface lacks",
-            r#"(component (import "openidea:plugin/ui@1.0.0" (instance
-                (export "not-a-host-function" (func (param "text" string))))))"#,
-            "not-a-host-function",
-        ),
-        (
-            "a function with another signature",
-            r#"(component (import "openidea:plugin/ui@1.0.0" (instance
-                (export "show-notification" (func (param "title" string))))))"#,
-            "show-notification",
-        ),
-        (
-            "an interface the host lacks",
-            r#"(component (import "openidea:plugin/clipboard@1.0.0" (instance
-                (export "copy" (func (param "text" string))))))"#,
-            "openidea:plugin/[email protected]",
-        ),
-        ("no plugin exports", r#"(component (import "openidea:plugin/[email protected]" (instance)))"#, "lifecycle"),
-    ];
-    for (case, wat, names) in cases {
-        let err = check(wat).expect_err(case);
-        assert!(err.contains(names), "{case}: {err}");
-        assert!(err.contains("update OpenIDEA") && err.contains("rebuild"), "{case}: {err}");
-    }
-}
@@ -1 +1 @@
-455d848dd27f242bb3e9bf420558cbc8c200853f51ada3d481635ac9771803f3
+1f7402e2b1b4602e4073eb61837c3dc8840f9a4f7275d800dbd6fcf6ce5e40c3
@@ -1 +1 @@
-f7e1ae06a90460ed1d2319bfc51f848654df145fa451f3d959b32776b2b25ce3
+4f6cd5b5e0c12e7dcbccf66a6ad97276bf968bc3ad26f0fd08e1f7765cbfee14
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ activation = ["on-view:jobs", "on-command:*"]

 [capabilities]
 required = ["process:jobs"]
-optional = ["project.read", "vcs.read", "clipboard"]
+optional = ["project.read"]

 [[contributes.views]]
 id = "jobs"
@@ -32,22 +32,9 @@ impl Jobs {
 }

 impl Plugin for Jobs {
-    fn run_command(&mut self, id: &str, ctx: &Invocation, arg: Option<&str>) -> Result<Option<String>, Error> {
+    fn run_command(&mut self, id: &str, _ctx: &Invocation, _arg: Option<&str>) -> Result<Option<String>, Error> {
        match id {
            "follow" => self.follow().map(|()| None),
-            "remotes" => {
-                let project = ctx.project().ok_or("no project is open")?;
-                let remotes = project.vcs_remotes()?;
-                Ok(Some(remotes.into_iter().map(|(n, u)| format!("{n}={u}")).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n")))
-            }
-            "copy" => {
-                host::copy_to_clipboard(arg.unwrap_or_default())?;
-                Ok(None)
-            }
-            "open-url" => {
-                host::open_url(arg.unwrap_or_default())?;
-                Ok(None)
-            }
            _ => Err(Error::NotFound(format!("command {id}"))),
        }
    }
@@ -1 +1 @@
-12973c7ca7330fc50eb16718fd769d412401b5a92bd014f4804659e4a272122f
+3d4dd1b6365c7fbafdd3c1f99f4405e5ee40fc5e56c97da960adfe7af2e7edb8
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ wit_bindgen::generate!({
    inline: "
        package fixture:misbehave;
        world misbehave {
-            include openidea:plugin/plugin-syntax@1.1.0;
-            export openidea:plugin/providers@1.1.0;
+            include openidea:plugin/plugin-syntax@1.0.0;
+            export openidea:plugin/providers@1.0.0;
        }
    ",
    path: "../../../../../wit",
@@ -564,8 +564,9 @@ fn spring_boot_apps(root: &Path, build: &Path, out: &mut Vec<RunConfig>) {
                Some(m) => format!("application:{m}:{class}"),
                None => format!("application:{class}"),
            };
-            let mut app =
-                config(id, simple, "spring-boot", "java", &["-cp", "${classpath}", &class]).debug("java-debug");
+            let mut app = config(id, simple, "spring-boot", "java", &["-cp", "${classpath}", &class])
+                .in_dir(module_rel.as_ref().map(PathBuf::from))
+                .debug("java-debug");
            app.extras.module = Some(module_rel.clone().unwrap_or_default());
            out.push(app);
        }
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 //! its templates (`default="true"`) and temporary configurations. A configuration found in more
 //! than one place is taken from the first, in that order.
 //!
-//! Python, Django server, Django tests, pytest, npm, Jest, Vitest, Node.js, Shell Script,
-//! Application, Spring Boot and compound configurations become the matching kinds; other types
-//! are skipped with their type.
+//! Python, Django server, Django tests, pytest, npm, Jest, Vitest, Node.js, Shell Script and
+//! compound configurations become the matching kinds; other types are skipped with their type.
 //! `$PROJECT_DIR$` (and `$MODULE_DIR$`, `$MODULE_WORKING_DIR$`, `$ContentRoot$`,
 //! `$ProjectFileDir$`, all the project directory here) and `$USER_HOME$` are replaced; another
 //! path variable skips the configuration.
@@ -163,8 +162,6 @@ const VITEST: &str = "JavaScriptTestRunnerVitest";
 const NODE: &str = "NodeJSConfigurationType";
 const SHELL: &str = "ShConfigurationType";
 const COMPOUND: &str = "CompoundRunConfigurationType";
-const APPLICATION: &str = "Application";
-const SPRING_BOOT: &str = "SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType";

 type Res<T> = Result<T, SkipReason>;

@@ -332,8 +329,6 @@ impl Cx<'_> {
            JEST | VITEST => self.js_tests(name, c, ty == VITEST, &mut ignored)?,
            NODE => self.node(name, c, &mut ignored)?,
            SHELL => self.shell(name, c)?,
-            APPLICATION => self.java_app(name, c, false, &mut ignored)?,
-            SPRING_BOOT => self.java_app(name, c, true, &mut ignored)?,
            COMPOUND => {
                members = c.children_named("toRun").filter_map(|t| t.attr("name")).map(str::to_owned).collect();
                config(name, "compound", String::new(), Vec::new(), None)
@@ -700,54 +695,6 @@ impl Cx<'_> {
        Ok(rc)
    }

-    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Java
-
-    /// IDEA's Application and Spring Boot types, as the `application` / `spring-boot` forms run
-    /// them: `java <vm options> -cp ${classpath} <main> [--spring.profiles.active=…] <arguments>`
-    /// with the module's runtime classpath.
-    fn java_app(&self, name: &str, c: &El, spring: bool, ignored: &mut Vec<String>) -> Res<RunConfig> {
-        let main = if spring { "SPRING_BOOT_MAIN_CLASS" } else { "MAIN_CLASS_NAME" };
-        let Some(main) = self.text(c.option(main))? else { return Err(SkipReason::NothingToRun) };
-        let (_, cwd) = self.cwd(c.option("WORKING_DIRECTORY"))?;
-        let mut args = self.words(c.option("VM_PARAMETERS"))?;
-        args.extend(["-cp".to_owned(), "${classpath}".to_owned(), main]);
-        if spring && let Some(profiles) = self.text(c.option("ACTIVE_PROFILES"))? {
-            args.push(format!("--spring.profiles.active={profiles}"));
-        }
-        args.extend(self.words(c.option("PROGRAM_PARAMETERS"))?);
-        let mut rc =
-            config(name, if spring { "spring-boot" } else { "application" }, "java".into(), args, Some("java-debug"));
-        rc.cwd = cwd.map(Into::into);
-        self.envs(c, &mut rc);
-        if let Some(module) = c.child("module").and_then(|m| m.attr("name")).filter(|m| !m.is_empty()) {
-            match module_dir(self.root, module) {
-                Some(dir) => rc.extras.module = Some(dir),
-                None => ignored.push(format!("module {module}")),
-            }
-        }
-        // Options the forms have no field for.
-        if c.flag("ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH_ENABLED") {
-            ignored.push("JRE".into());
-        }
-        if c.flag("INCLUDE_PROVIDED_SCOPE") {
-            ignored.push("provided scope".into());
-        }
-        if c.child("classpathModifications").is_some_and(|m| !m.children.is_empty()) {
-            ignored.push("classpath modifications".into());
-        }
-        if spring {
-            for (option, label) in [("HIDE_BANNER", "hide banner"), ("DEBUG_MODE", "debug output")] {
-                if c.flag(option) {
-                    ignored.push(label.into());
-                }
-            }
-            if c.child("additionalParameters").is_some_and(|p| !p.children.is_empty()) {
-                ignored.push("override configuration properties".into());
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(rc)
-    }
-
    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Shell

    /// A script file (with its interpreter) or script text, kept as the Shell Script form's fields.
@@ -888,56 +835,6 @@ fn module_count(root: &Path) -> usize {
        .sum()
 }

-/// The folder (relative, `""` for the project's own) of IDEA module `name`: a Maven module is
-/// named after its `artifactId` (usually its folder), a Gradle one `<project>.<path>.<source set>`.
-fn module_dir(root: &Path, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let folder = |dir: &Path| dir.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default();
-    let exact = |dir: &Path| folder(dir) == name || pom_artifact(dir).is_some_and(|a| a == name);
-    if let Some(dir) = find_module(root, &exact) {
-        return Some(dir);
-    }
-    let gradle = name.strip_suffix(".main").or_else(|| name.strip_suffix(".test")).unwrap_or(name);
-    let last = gradle.rsplit('.').next().filter(|last| *last != name)?;
-    find_module(root, &|dir: &Path| folder(dir) == last)
-}
-
-/// The shallowest build folder under `root` (itself included) that `names` accepts.
-fn find_module(root: &Path, names: &dyn Fn(&Path) -> bool) -> Option<String> {
-    const BUILDS: [&str; 3] = ["pom.xml", "build.gradle", "build.gradle.kts"];
-    let mut level = vec![root.to_path_buf()];
-    for _ in 0..5 {
-        if let Some(found) = level.iter().find(|d| BUILDS.iter().any(|b| d.join(b).is_file()) && names(d)) {
-            let rel = found.strip_prefix(root).ok()?;
-            return Some(rel.to_string_lossy().replace('\\', "/"));
-        }
-        let mut next: Vec<PathBuf> = level
-            .iter()
-            .filter_map(|d| std::fs::read_dir(d).ok())
-            .flat_map(|entries| entries.flatten().map(|e| e.path()))
-            .filter(|p| p.is_dir())
-            .filter(|p| {
-                let n = p.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default();
-                !n.starts_with('.') && !["node_modules", "target", "build", "out", "src"].contains(&n.as_str())
-            })
-            .collect();
-        next.sort();
-        level = next;
-    }
-    None
-}
-
-/// The `artifactId` of the module's own `pom.xml` (not its parent's).
-fn pom_artifact(dir: &Path) -> Option<String> {
-    let pom = std::fs::read_to_string(dir.join("pom.xml")).ok()?;
-    let own = match (pom.find("<parent>"), pom.find("</parent>")) {
-        (Some(start), Some(end)) if start < end => format!("{}{}", &pom[..start], &pom[end..]),
-        _ => pom,
-    };
-    let start = own.find("<artifactId>")? + "<artifactId>".len();
-    let end = start + own[start..].find("</artifactId>")?;
-    Some(own[start..end].trim().to_owned())
-}
-
 /// `--settings` from PyCharm's "Settings" field: a file (`mysite/settings/dev.py`, relative to
 /// the project) becomes its module relative to the working directory; a module stays as it is.
 fn settings_module(value: &str, root: &Path, dir: &Path) -> String {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn builds_nested_in_a_folder_of_repositories() {
    assert_eq!(app.name, "DromaraApplication");
    assert_eq!(app.kind, "spring-boot");
    assert_eq!(cmdline(app), "java -cp ${classpath} org.dromara.DromaraApplication");
-    assert_eq!(app.cwd, None);
+    assert_eq!(app.cwd.as_deref(), Some(Path::new("RuoYi-Vue-Plus/ruoyi-admin")));
    assert_eq!(app.extras.module.as_deref(), Some("RuoYi-Vue-Plus/ruoyi-admin"));
    assert_eq!(app.debug_adapter.as_deref(), Some("java-debug"));
    let package = find(&c, "maven:package:RuoYi-Vue-Plus");
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ fn spring_boot_application_of_a_repository_nested_one_or_two_levels_down() {
        let module = format!("{prefix}ruoyi-ai/ruoyi-admin");
        let app = find(&c, &format!("application:{module}:org.ruoyi.RuoYiAIApplication"));
        assert_eq!((app.name.as_str(), app.kind.as_str()), ("RuoYiAIApplication", "spring-boot"), "{prefix}");
-        assert_eq!((app.cwd.as_deref(), app.extras.module.as_deref()), (None, Some(module.as_str())), "{prefix}");
+        assert_eq!(app.cwd.as_deref(), Some(Path::new(&module)));
        assert!(ids(&c).contains(&format!("maven:spring-boot:run:{prefix}ruoyi-ai").as_str()), "{prefix}");
    }
 }
@@ -295,9 +295,9 @@ fn nested_builds_of_every_kind_and_depth() {
    }
    assert!(find(&c, "gradle:test:services/api").is_test);
    let api = find(&c, "application:services/api/app:com.acme.ApiKt");
-    assert_eq!((api.cwd.as_deref(), api.extras.module.as_deref()), (None, Some("services/api/app")));
+    assert_eq!(api.cwd.as_deref(), Some(Path::new("services/api/app")));
    let billing = find(&c, "application:billing:Billing");
-    assert_eq!((billing.cwd.as_deref(), billing.extras.module.as_deref()), (None, Some("billing")));
+    assert_eq!(billing.cwd.as_deref(), Some(Path::new("billing")));
    let builds: Vec<&str> =
        ids(&c).into_iter().filter(|id| id.starts_with("maven:package") || id.starts_with("gradle:build")).collect();
    assert_eq!(builds, ["gradle:build:services/api", "maven:package:billing"]);
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ fn workspace_run_manager_skips_templates_and_temporary_configurations() {
      <envs><env name="VITE_API" value="http://localhost:8000" /></envs>
      <method v="2" />
    </configuration>
-    <configuration name="Main" type="JUnit" factoryName="JUnit">
-      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="shop.MainTest" />
+    <configuration name="Main" type="Application" factoryName="Application">
+      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="shop.Main" />
      <method v="2" />
    </configuration>"#
        )),
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ fn workspace_run_manager_skips_templates_and_temporary_configurations() {
    assert_eq!(get(&r, "Custom").args, s(&["-m", "pytest", "tests/a.py", "--maxfail=2"]));

    assert_eq!(reason(&r, "Unittests in tests"), &SkipReason::UnsupportedType { type_: "tests (Unittests)".into() });
-    assert_eq!(reason(&r, "Main"), &SkipReason::UnsupportedType { type_: "JUnit".into() });
+    assert_eq!(reason(&r, "Main"), &SkipReason::UnsupportedType { type_: "Application".into() });

    let dev = get(&r, "dev");
    assert_eq!((dev.kind.as_str(), dev.command.as_str()), ("npm", "pnpm"));
@@ -526,11 +526,14 @@ fn sources_are_offered_when_their_files_exist() {
        ),
    );
    assert!(available(dir.path()).is_empty());
-    write(dir.path(), ".idea/workspace.xml", &workspace(r#"<configuration name="App" type="JUnit" />"#));
+    write(dir.path(), ".idea/workspace.xml", &workspace(r#"<configuration name="App" type="Application" />"#));
    assert_eq!(available(dir.path()), [RunImportSource::Jetbrains]);
    write(dir.path(), ".vscode/launch.json", "{}");
    assert_eq!(available(dir.path()), [RunImportSource::Vscode, RunImportSource::Jetbrains]);
-    assert_eq!(reason(&import_from(dir.path(), &[]), "App"), &SkipReason::UnsupportedType { type_: "JUnit".into() });
+    assert_eq!(
+        reason(&import_from(dir.path(), &[]), "App"),
+        &SkipReason::UnsupportedType { type_: "Application".into() }
+    );
 }

 #[test]
@@ -699,91 +702,3 @@ fn flags_defaults_inherited_variables_and_nested_django_tests() {
    assert_eq!((tests.kind.as_str(), tests.is_test), ("python", true));
    assert_eq!(tests.args[..3], s(&["backend/manage.py", "test", "orders"]));
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn java_applications_and_spring_boot_keep_their_module() {
-    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-    let root = dunce::canonicalize(dir.path()).unwrap();
-    write(&root, "pom.xml", "<project><artifactId>shop</artifactId><packaging>pom</packaging></project>");
-    write(
-        &root,
-        "example-service/pom.xml",
-        "<project><parent><artifactId>shop</artifactId></parent><artifactId>example-service</artifactId></project>",
-    );
-    // IDEA names a Maven module after its artifactId, which needn't be its folder.
-    write(
-        &root,
-        "services/api/pom.xml",
-        "<project><parent><artifactId>shop</artifactId></parent><artifactId>api-service</artifactId></project>",
-    );
-    write(
-        &root,
-        ".idea/workspace.xml",
-        &workspace(
-            r#"    <configuration name="ExampleApplication" type="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" factoryName="Spring Boot">
-      <module name="example-service" />
-      <option name="SPRING_BOOT_MAIN_CLASS" value="com.example.ExampleApplication" />
-      <option name="ACTIVE_PROFILES" value="dev,local" />
-      <option name="VM_PARAMETERS" value="-Xmx512m -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8" />
-      <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--server.port=8081" />
-      <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/example-service" />
-      <option name="HIDE_BANNER" value="true" />
-      <envs>
-        <env name="TZ" value="UTC" />
-      </envs>
-      <method v="2">
-        <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
-      </method>
-    </configuration>
-    <configuration name="Api" type="Application" factoryName="Application">
-      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="com.example.api.Main" />
-      <module name="api-service" />
-      <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH_ENABLED" value="true" />
-      <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="17" />
-      <method v="2" />
-    </configuration>
-    <configuration name="Gone" type="Application" factoryName="Application">
-      <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="Gone" />
-      <module name="removed-module" />
-    </configuration>
-    <configuration name="NoMain" type="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" factoryName="Spring Boot">
-      <module name="example-service" />
-    </configuration>"#,
-        ),
-    );
-
-    let r = import_from(&root, &[]);
-
-    let boot = get(&r, "ExampleApplication");
-    assert_eq!(boot.kind, "spring-boot");
-    assert_eq!(boot.command, "java");
-    assert_eq!(
-        boot.args,
-        s(&[
-            "-Xmx512m",
-            "-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8",
-            "-cp",
-            "${classpath}",
-            "com.example.ExampleApplication",
-            "--spring.profiles.active=dev,local",
-            "--server.port=8081",
-        ])
-    );
-    assert_eq!(boot.extras.module.as_deref(), Some("example-service"));
-    assert_eq!(cwd(boot), Some(PathBuf::from("example-service")));
-    assert_eq!(boot.env.get("TZ").map(String::as_str), Some("UTC"));
-    assert_eq!(boot.debug_adapter.as_deref(), Some("java-debug"));
-    assert_eq!(ignored(&r, "ExampleApplication"), ["before launch", "hide banner"]);
-
-    let api = get(&r, "Api");
-    assert_eq!(api.kind, "application");
-    assert_eq!(api.args, s(&["-cp", "${classpath}", "com.example.api.Main"]));
-    assert_eq!(api.extras.module.as_deref(), Some("services/api"));
-    assert_eq!(ignored(&r, "Api"), ["JRE"]);
-
-    // A module that isn't here any more: the form finds it by the main class.
-    assert_eq!(get(&r, "Gone").extras.module, None);
-    assert_eq!(ignored(&r, "Gone"), ["module removed-module"]);
-
-    assert_eq!(reason(&r, "NoMain"), &SkipReason::NothingToRun);
-}
@@ -429,36 +429,6 @@ pub fn configure_maven_import(
    }
 }

-/// Explicit Gradle links constrain discovery and isolate JDT's persisted import state.
-pub fn configure_gradle_import(
-    cfg: &mut LanguageServerConfig,
-    linked: Option<&[String]>,
-    build_files: Option<&[String]>,
-) {
-    let Some(linked) = linked.filter(|_| cfg.name == "jdtls") else { return };
-    merge_init_options(
-        cfg,
-        json!({
-            "settings": {"java": {"import": {"gradle": {"enabled": !linked.is_empty()}}}},
-            "projectConfigurations": build_files.unwrap_or_default()
-        }),
-    );
-    if let Some(settings) = &mut cfg.settings {
-        merge(settings, json!({"java": {"import": {"gradle": {"enabled": !linked.is_empty()}}}}));
-    }
-    if let Some(index) = cfg.args.iter().position(|arg| arg == "-data")
-        && let Some(workspace) = cfg.args.get_mut(index + 1)
-    {
-        let mut hash = 0xcbf29ce484222325u64;
-        for dir in linked {
-            for byte in dir.bytes().chain([0]) {
-                hash = (hash ^ u64::from(byte)).wrapping_mul(0x100000001b3);
-            }
-        }
-        *workspace = format!("{workspace}-gradle-{hash:016x}");
-    }
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn merge_init_options(cfg: &mut LanguageServerConfig, layer: Value) {
    let mut current =
        cfg.initialization_options.as_ref().and_then(|v| serde_json::to_value(v).ok()).unwrap_or_else(|| json!({}));
@@ -1248,25 +1218,6 @@ mod java_compiler_tests {
 mod maven_linkage_tests {
    use super::*;

-    #[test]
-    fn explicit_gradle_links_scope_jdt_import_and_unlink_all_disables_gradle() {
-        let mut cfg = custom_server("jdtls", &LanguageServerSettings::default());
-        cfg.args = vec!["-data".into(), "/cache/jdtls".into()];
-        let files = ["file:///p/a/settings.gradle".to_owned(), "file:///p/maven/pom.xml".to_owned()];
-        configure_gradle_import(&mut cfg, Some(&["a".into()]), Some(&files));
-        let options = serde_json::to_value(&cfg.initialization_options).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(options["projectConfigurations"], json!(files));
-        assert_eq!(options.pointer("/settings/java/import/gradle/enabled"), Some(&json!(true)));
-        assert!(cfg.args[1].starts_with("/cache/jdtls-gradle-"));
-        let linked_cache = cfg.args[1].clone();
-        cfg.args[1] = "/cache/jdtls".into();
-        configure_gradle_import(&mut cfg, Some(&[]), Some(&files[1..]));
-        let options = serde_json::to_value(&cfg.initialization_options).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(options["projectConfigurations"], json!(&files[1..]));
-        assert_eq!(options.pointer("/settings/java/import/gradle/enabled"), Some(&json!(false)));
-        assert_ne!(linked_cache, cfg.args[1]);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn import_excludes_unlinked_modules_and_changes_persistent_workspace() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -184,12 +184,6 @@ fn python(root: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<Sdk> {
    par_map(&candidates, |(path, source)| python_sdk(path, source, root))
 }

-/// Interpreter `path` (one the project is set to, wherever it lives) as an SDK, named
-/// like the detected ones.
-pub fn python_interpreter_sdk(path: &Path, root: Option<&Path>) -> Option<Sdk> {
-    python_sdk(path, if venv_of(path).is_some() { "venv" } else { "system" }, root)
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn python_sdk(path: &Path, source: &str, root: Option<&Path>) -> Option<Sdk> {
    let version = query(path, &["--version"], VERSION_TIMEOUT)
        .and_then(|v| v.strip_prefix("Python ").map(str::to_owned))
@@ -199,11 +193,10 @@ pub(crate) fn python_sdk(path: &Path, source: &str, root: Option<&Path>) -> Opti
    let label = match (&venv, source) {
        (Some(home), _) => {
            let dir = home.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_default();
-            // `.venv` inside a project reads better as the folder that holds it (the project,
-            // or a member such as `backend`), like PyCharm.
+            // `.venv` inside a project reads better as the project name, like PyCharm.
            let owner = home.parent().and_then(|p| p.file_name()).map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
            match (dir.starts_with('.') || dir == "venv" || dir == "env", owner, root) {
-                (true, Some(owner), Some(root)) if home.starts_with(root) => format!("Python {short} ({owner})"),
+                (true, Some(owner), Some(root)) if home.parent() == Some(root) => format!("Python {short} ({owner})"),
                _ => format!("Python {short} ({dir})"),
            }
        }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

-pub use discover::{detect, jdk_sdk, python_interpreter_sdk};
+pub use discover::{detect, jdk_sdk};

 /// What [`detect`] looks for.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
@@ -76,23 +76,6 @@ fn project_venv_is_the_default_interpreter() {
    assert_eq!(python_interpreter(tmp.path(), &s).unwrap(), Path::new("/opt/py/bin/python3"));
 }

-#[test]
-fn an_interpreter_outside_detection_is_named_like_a_detected_one() {
-    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-    let root = tmp.path().join("shop");
-    let member = fake_venv(&root.join("backend"), ".venv");
-    let sdk = crate::python_interpreter_sdk(&member, Some(&root)).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(
-        (sdk.name.as_str(), sdk.version.as_deref(), sdk.source.as_str()),
-        ("Python 3.12 (backend)", Some("3.12.1"), "venv")
-    );
-    let own = fake_venv(&root, ".venv");
-    assert_eq!(crate::python_interpreter_sdk(&own, Some(&root)).unwrap().name, "Python 3.12 (shop)");
-    // Outside the project the folder name says which one it is.
-    let elsewhere = fake_venv(&tmp.path().join("other"), ".venv");
-    assert_eq!(crate::python_interpreter_sdk(&elsewhere, Some(&root)).unwrap().name, "Python 3.12 (.venv)");
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn pyright_gets_python_path_and_venv_env() {
    let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -60,9 +60,6 @@ struct Session {
    writer: Mutex<Box<dyn Write + Send>>,
    killer: Mutex<Box<dyn ChildKiller + Send + Sync>>,
    exited: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    started: Instant,
-    /// The first input was logged (startup diagnostics, see `spawn`).
-    input_logged: AtomicBool,
 }

 type Sessions = Arc<Mutex<HashMap<TerminalId, Arc<Session>>>>;
@@ -95,8 +92,7 @@ impl TerminalManager {
        let size = pty_size(options.cols, options.rows);
        let pair = native_pty_system().openpty(size).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(format!("openpty failed: {e}")))?;

-        let wsl = if cfg!(windows) { wsl_shell(&options) } else { None };
-        let (shell, mut args) = wsl.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| resolve_shell(options.shell.as_deref(), &options.args));
+        let (shell, mut args) = resolve_shell(options.shell.as_deref(), &options.args);
        let mut env = terminal_env(&options.env);
        if let Some(msystem) = default_msystem(&shell, &options.env, std::env::var("MSYSTEM").ok().as_deref()) {
            env.insert("MSYSTEM".to_owned(), msystem.to_owned());
@@ -109,8 +105,7 @@ impl TerminalManager {
        }
        let mut cmd = CommandBuilder::new(&shell);
        cmd.args(&args);
-        // wsl.exe takes the directory through `--cd`; a UNC share is no valid process cwd.
-        cmd.cwd(if wsl.is_some() { resolve_cwd(Path::new("")) } else { resolve_cwd(&options.cwd) });
+        cmd.cwd(resolve_cwd(&options.cwd));
        for (k, v) in ide_core::process::host_env_fixes() {
            match v {
                Some(v) => cmd.env(k, v),
@@ -141,34 +136,25 @@ impl TerminalManager {
            writer: Mutex::new(writer),
            killer: Mutex::new(child.clone_killer()),
            exited: exited.clone(),
-            started: Instant::now(),
-            input_logged: AtomicBool::new(false),
        });
        self.sessions.lock().insert(id, session);

        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Msg>();
        let spawned = spawn_reader(id, reader, tx.clone())
            .and_then(|_| spawn_waiter(id, child, tx))
-            .and_then(|_| spawn_pump(id, rx, on_output, exited, self.sessions.clone(), sink, Instant::now()));
+            .and_then(|_| spawn_pump(id, rx, on_output, exited, self.sessions.clone(), sink));
        if let Err(e) = spawned {
            if let Some(s) = self.sessions.lock().remove(&id) {
                let _ = s.killer.lock().kill();
            }
            return Err(IdeError::internal(format!("failed to start terminal threads: {e}")));
        }
-        // Info level, with the first output and input below: a session that starts but never shows a
-        // prompt can then be told apart in a user's log (no output, or no reply to the shell's query).
-        tracing::info!(%id, shell, pid = ?info.pid, cols = size.cols, rows = size.rows, "terminal spawned");
+        tracing::debug!(%id, shell, pid = ?info.pid, "terminal spawned");
        Ok(info)
    }

    pub fn write(&self, id: TerminalId, data: &str) -> IdeResult<()> {
        let session = self.session(id)?;
-        if !session.input_logged.swap(true, Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            let cursor_report = data.starts_with("\x1b[") && data.ends_with('R');
-            let ms = session.started.elapsed().as_millis();
-            tracing::info!(%id, ms, bytes = data.len(), cursor_report, "terminal first input");
-        }
        let mut w = session.writer.lock();
        w.write_all(data.as_bytes())?;
        w.flush()?;
@@ -401,19 +387,8 @@ fn spawn_pump(
    exited: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    sessions: Sessions,
    sink: SharedSink,
-    started: Instant,
 ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
    std::thread::Builder::new().name(format!("openidea-term-pump-{}", id.0)).spawn(move || {
-        let first_output = std::cell::Cell::new(true);
-        let on_output = move |text: String| {
-            if first_output.replace(false) {
-                // ConPTY asks for the cursor position (`ESC[6n`) and waits for the answer.
-                let cursor_query = text.contains("\x1b[6n");
-                let ms = started.elapsed().as_millis();
-                tracing::info!(%id, ms, bytes = text.len(), cursor_query, "terminal first output");
-            }
-            on_output(text)
-        };
        let mut decoder = Utf8Decoder::new();
        let mut pending = String::new();
        let mut batch_started: Option<Instant> = None;
@@ -481,16 +456,6 @@ fn pty_size(cols: u16, rows: u16) -> PtySize {
    }
 }

-/// `wsl.exe` in the distro of a `\\wsl.localhost\...` folder, so its terminal is a Linux
-/// shell and not PowerShell (#925). An explicitly chosen shell or arguments win.
-fn wsl_shell(options: &TerminalOptions) -> Option<(String, Vec<String>)> {
-    if options.shell.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| !s.trim().is_empty()) || !options.args.is_empty() {
-        return None;
-    }
-    let w = ide_core::wsl::parse(&options.cwd)?;
-    Some((ide_core::wsl::EXE.into(), vec!["-d".into(), w.distro, "--cd".into(), w.path]))
-}
-
 fn resolve_cwd(cwd: &Path) -> PathBuf {
    if cwd.is_dir() {
        return cwd.to_path_buf();
@@ -539,7 +504,7 @@ pub fn available_shells() -> Vec<String> {
    }
    #[cfg(windows)]
    {
-        for exe in ["pwsh.exe", "powershell.exe", "cmd.exe", ide_core::wsl::EXE] {
+        for exe in ["pwsh.exe", "powershell.exe", "cmd.exe", "wsl.exe"] {
            if let Some(p) = find_in_path(exe) {
                add(p);
            }
@@ -894,24 +859,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(h.events.try_recv().is_err() && other_events.try_recv().is_err(), "no cross delivery");
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn wsl_folder_gets_the_distro_shell_unless_one_is_chosen() {
-        let mut o = sh("true");
-        o.shell = None;
-        o.args = vec![];
-        let (distro, linux_path) = ("Debian-12", "/srv/app");
-        let want = (ide_core::wsl::EXE.to_owned(), vec!["-d".into(), distro.into(), "--cd".into(), linux_path.into()]);
-        for host in ["wsl.localhost", "wsl$"] {
-            o.cwd = PathBuf::from(format!(r"\\{host}\{distro}{}", linux_path.replace('/', r"\"))).into();
-            assert_eq!(wsl_shell(&o), Some(want.clone()), "{host}");
-        }
-        o.shell = Some("pwsh.exe".into());
-        assert_eq!(wsl_shell(&o), None);
-        o.shell = None;
-        o.cwd = PathBuf::from("/tmp").into();
-        assert_eq!(wsl_shell(&o), None);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn shell_resolution() {
        let (shell, args) = resolve_shell(Some("/bin/zsh"), &[]);
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ pub fn read_dir(dir: &Path, excludes: &[String]) -> IdeResult<Vec<FileEntry>> {
    if !fs::metadata(dir)?.is_dir() {
        return Err(IdeError::invalid(format!("{} is not a directory", dir.display())));
    }
-    let gitignore = rules::GitignoreStack::cached(dir);
+    let gitignore = rules::GitignoreStack::new(dir);
    let base = gitignore.repo_root().unwrap_or(dir).to_path_buf();
    let excludes = ExcludeMatcher::new(excludes);

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};

 /// Exclude globs from settings (`files.exclude`), e.g. `**/node_modules`.
 ///
@@ -73,14 +72,6 @@ pub(crate) fn find_repo_root(start: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    start.ancestors().find(|dir| dir.join(".git").exists()).map(Path::to_path_buf)
 }

-/// `info/exclude` of the repository at `root` (shared by its worktrees).
-fn exclude_path(root: &Path) -> PathBuf {
-    gix::discover(root)
-        .ok()
-        .map(|r| r.common_dir().join("info/exclude"))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| root.join(".git/info/exclude"))
-}
-
 /// Layered gitignore matching: per-directory `.gitignore` / `.ignore` from the
 /// path's directory up to the repository root (or the file system root when
 /// not in a repository), then `.git/info/exclude` and the global excludes file.
@@ -92,29 +83,6 @@ pub(crate) struct GitignoreStack {
    nested: Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, Option<Arc<GitignoreStack>>>>,
 }

-/// How long [`GitignoreStack::cached`] reuses the repository lookup of a directory.
-const REPO_LEVEL_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
-
-/// What changes when `.git/info/exclude` is edited.
-type Stamp = Option<(SystemTime, u64)>;
-
-struct RepoLevel {
-    at: Instant,
-    repo_root: Option<PathBuf>,
-    /// `<common dir>/info/exclude`, found by a repository discovery.
-    exclude: Option<PathBuf>,
-    stamp: Stamp,
-    rules: Vec<Gitignore>,
-}
-
-/// Repo-level rules by the directory they were looked up for.
-static REPO_LEVEL: Mutex<Option<HashMap<PathBuf, Arc<RepoLevel>>>> = Mutex::new(None);
-
-fn stamp_of(file: Option<&Path>) -> Stamp {
-    let meta = std::fs::metadata(file?).ok()?;
-    Some((meta.modified().ok()?, meta.len()))
-}
-
 impl GitignoreStack {
    pub fn new(near: &Path) -> Self {
        let repo_root = find_repo_root(near);
@@ -122,52 +90,15 @@ impl GitignoreStack {
        Self { repo_root, repo_level, cache: Mutex::default(), nested: Mutex::default() }
    }

-    /// [`new`](Self::new) for listing a directory over and over (expanding a tree, a slow share):
-    /// the walk up to the repository root and the repository discovery are reused for
-    /// [`REPO_LEVEL_TTL`]. An edit of `.git/info/exclude` is still seen at once (its mtime and size
-    /// are checked), as is any `.gitignore` / `.ignore`, which are read fresh. Only a repository
-    /// created in the directory, or a change of the global excludes file, can lag by the TTL.
-    pub fn cached(near: &Path) -> Self {
-        let now = Instant::now();
-        let hit = REPO_LEVEL
-            .lock()
-            .as_ref()
-            .and_then(|m| m.get(near))
-            .cloned()
-            .filter(|e| now.duration_since(e.at) < REPO_LEVEL_TTL && stamp_of(e.exclude.as_deref()) == e.stamp);
-        let entry = hit.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let repo_root = find_repo_root(near);
-            let exclude = repo_root.as_deref().map(exclude_path);
-            let entry = Arc::new(RepoLevel {
-                at: now,
-                stamp: stamp_of(exclude.as_deref()),
-                rules: Self::load_repo_level_from(repo_root.as_deref(), exclude.as_deref()),
-                repo_root,
-                exclude,
-            });
-            let mut guard = REPO_LEVEL.lock();
-            let map = guard.get_or_insert_with(HashMap::new);
-            map.retain(|_, e| now.duration_since(e.at) < REPO_LEVEL_TTL);
-            map.insert(near.to_path_buf(), entry.clone());
-            entry
-        });
-        Self {
-            repo_root: entry.repo_root.clone(),
-            repo_level: RwLock::new(entry.rules.clone()),
-            cache: Mutex::default(),
-            nested: Mutex::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
    fn load_repo_level(repo_root: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<Gitignore> {
-        Self::load_repo_level_from(repo_root, repo_root.map(exclude_path).as_deref())
-    }
-
-    fn load_repo_level_from(repo_root: Option<&Path>, exclude: Option<&Path>) -> Vec<Gitignore> {
        let mut repo_level = Vec::new();
        if let Some(root) = repo_root {
            let mut builder = GitignoreBuilder::new(root);
-            if let Some(exclude) = exclude.filter(|f| f.is_file()) {
+            let exclude = gix::discover(root)
+                .ok()
+                .map(|r| r.common_dir().join("info/exclude"))
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| root.join(".git/info/exclude"));
+            if exclude.is_file() {
                builder.add(exclude);
            }
            if let Ok(gi) = builder.build()
@@ -188,9 +119,6 @@ impl GitignoreStack {

    /// Re-reads `.git/info/exclude` and the global excludes file.
    pub fn reload_repo_level(&self) {
-        if let (Some(root), Some(map)) = (&self.repo_root, REPO_LEVEL.lock().as_mut()) {
-            map.retain(|dir, _| !dir.starts_with(root));
-        }
        self.nested.lock().clear();
        *self.repo_level.write() = Self::load_repo_level(self.repo_root.as_deref());
    }
@@ -370,39 +298,4 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(anchored.is_excluded(Path::new("build/out.o")));
        assert!(!anchored.is_excluded(Path::new("web/build/out.o")));
    }
-
-    fn repo_with_exclude(rule: &str) -> tempfile::TempDir {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(tmp.path().join(".git/info")).unwrap();
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(tmp.path().join("src")).unwrap();
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(".git/info/exclude"), rule).unwrap();
-        tmp
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn cached_stack_sees_every_edit_of_the_ignore_files_at_once() {
-        let tmp = repo_with_exclude("secret.txt\n");
-        let (src, secret, note) =
-            (tmp.path().join("src"), tmp.path().join("src/secret.txt"), tmp.path().join("src/note.md"));
-        assert!(GitignoreStack::cached(&src).is_ignored(&secret, false));
-        assert!(!GitignoreStack::cached(&src).is_ignored(&note, false));
-        std::fs::write(src.join(".gitignore"), "*.md\n").unwrap();
-        assert!(GitignoreStack::cached(&src).is_ignored(&note, false), "directory .gitignore");
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(".git/info/exclude"), "").unwrap();
-        assert!(!GitignoreStack::cached(&src).is_ignored(&secret, false), "info/exclude");
-        std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(".git/info/exclude"), "note.md\nsecret.txt\n").unwrap();
-        assert!(GitignoreStack::cached(&src).is_ignored(&secret, false), "info/exclude again");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn cached_stack_reuses_the_repository_lookup() {
-        let tmp = repo_with_exclude("");
-        let src = tmp.path().join("src");
-        let first = GitignoreStack::cached(&src);
-        let entry = REPO_LEVEL.lock().as_ref().unwrap().get(&src).unwrap().clone();
-        let again = GitignoreStack::cached(&src);
-        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&entry, REPO_LEVEL.lock().as_ref().unwrap().get(&src).unwrap()));
-        assert_eq!(first.repo_root(), again.repo_root());
-        assert_eq!(again.repo_root(), Some(tmp.path()));
-    }
 }
@@ -404,9 +404,6 @@ fn merge(prev: Option<Change>, next: Change) -> Change {
    match (prev, next) {
        (None, n) => n,
        (Some(Vcs), _) | (_, Vcs) => Vcs,
-        // FSEvents reports a deleted file's history as create, remove, then modify: a
-        // modify can't bring back a path that went away, only a create can.
-        (Some(Transient), Modified) => Transient,
        (Some(Created | Transient), Modified | Created) => Created,
        (Some(Created | Transient), Removed) => Transient,
        (Some(Removed), Created | Modified) => Modified,
@@ -633,7 +630,7 @@ impl EventFilter {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
-    use notify::event::{CreateKind, DataChange, MetadataKind, RemoveKind};
+    use notify::event::{CreateKind, DataChange, RemoveKind};

    fn ev(kind: EventKind, paths: Vec<PathBuf>) -> Event {
        Event { kind, paths, attrs: Default::default() }
@@ -791,24 +788,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(batch.ignored, vec![root.join("debug.log")], "ignored files are reported apart");
    }

-    /// What FSEvents delivers when a file is deleted: its coalesced history flags as
-    /// create, remove, then modify events, all for a path that no longer exists.
-    #[test]
-    fn fsevents_deletion_with_history_flags_is_a_removal() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let root = dunce::canonicalize(tmp.path()).unwrap();
-        let filter = EventFilter::new(root.clone(), &[]);
-        let gone = root.join("src/Fresh.java");
-        let batch = filter.batch(&[
-            ev(EventKind::Create(CreateKind::File), vec![gone.clone()]),
-            ev(EventKind::Remove(RemoveKind::File), vec![gone.clone()]),
-            ev(EventKind::Modify(ModifyKind::Metadata(MetadataKind::Extended)), vec![gone.clone()]),
-            ev(EventKind::Modify(ModifyKind::Data(DataChange::Content)), vec![gone.clone()]),
-        ]);
-        assert_eq!(batch.removed, vec![gone]);
-        assert!(batch.created.is_empty() && batch.modified.is_empty());
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn atomic_save_temp_files_are_not_reported() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub use editorconfig::{EditorConfig, EditorConfigProps};
 pub use file_defaults::FileDefaults;
 pub use file_moves::{FileMove, FileMoves, UndoOutcome};
 pub use history::{DirectoryHistory, HistoryEntry, HistoryKind, LocalHistory, Retention};
-pub use recent::{RecentProject, RecentProjectGroup, RecentProjects};
+pub use recent::{RecentProject, RecentProjects};
 pub use roots::{ProjectRoots, RootKind, SourceFolder};
 pub use settings::{SettingsScope, SettingsStore};

@@ -16,78 +16,10 @@ pub struct RecentProject {

 pub const MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS: usize = 30;

-/// A named group of recent projects on the welcome screen (New Project Group…, Move to Group).
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Type)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct RecentProjectGroup {
-    pub name: String,
-    /// Its projects, in the order they were added.
-    pub paths: Vec<ide_core::IpcPath>,
-    #[serde(default = "expanded")]
-    pub expanded: bool,
-}
-
-fn expanded() -> bool {
-    true
-}
-
-/// Persisted at `<app-config>/recent.json`, newest first; groups at `<app-config>/recent-groups.json`.
+/// Persisted at `<app-config>/recent.json`, newest first.
 pub struct RecentProjects {
    file: PathBuf,
    items: Mutex<Vec<RecentProject>>,
-    groups_file: PathBuf,
-    groups: Mutex<Vec<RecentProjectGroup>>,
-}
-
-fn read_json<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(file: &Path) -> Option<T> {
-    match std::fs::read(file) {
-        Ok(bytes) => serde_json::from_slice(&bytes)
-            .map_err(|e| tracing::warn!("{} is invalid, ignoring: {e}", file.display()))
-            .ok(),
-        Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => None,
-        Err(e) => {
-            tracing::warn!("cannot read {}: {e}", file.display());
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn write_json<T: Serialize + ?Sized>(file: &Path, value: &T) -> IdeResult<()> {
-    if let Some(dir) = file.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
-    }
-    let json = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(value).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?;
-    ide_vfs::write_atomic(file, &json)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Each path in one group at most (the first keeps it), group names trimmed and unique.
-fn normalize(groups: Vec<RecentProjectGroup>) -> Vec<RecentProjectGroup> {
-    let mut paths = std::collections::HashSet::new();
-    let mut names = std::collections::HashSet::new();
-    groups
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|mut g| {
-            g.name = g.name.trim().to_owned();
-            if g.name.is_empty() || !names.insert(g.name.clone()) {
-                return None;
-            }
-            g.paths.retain(|p| paths.insert(p.clone()));
-            Some(g)
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
-/// Keeps the newest [`MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS`] projects outside groups; grouped ones stay.
-fn cap(items: &mut Vec<RecentProject>, groups: &[RecentProjectGroup]) {
-    let mut ungrouped = 0;
-    items.retain(|p| {
-        if groups.iter().any(|g| g.paths.contains(&p.path)) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        ungrouped += 1;
-        ungrouped <= MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS
-    });
 }

 fn now_ms() -> f64 {
@@ -97,40 +29,28 @@ fn now_ms() -> f64 {
 impl RecentProjects {
    pub fn load(config_dir: &Path) -> Self {
        let file = config_dir.join("recent.json");
-        let groups_file = config_dir.join("recent-groups.json");
-        let mut items: Vec<RecentProject> = read_json(&file).unwrap_or_default();
-        let mut groups = normalize(read_json(&groups_file).unwrap_or_default());
+        let mut items: Vec<RecentProject> = match std::fs::read(&file) {
+            Ok(bytes) => serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                tracing::warn!("{} is invalid, ignoring: {e}", file.display());
+                Vec::new()
+            }),
+            Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Vec::new(),
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("cannot read {}: {e}", file.display());
+                Vec::new()
+            }
+        };
        items.sort_by(|a, b| b.opened_at_ms.total_cmp(&a.opened_at_ms));
        let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
        items.retain(|p| seen.insert(p.path.clone()));
-        cap(&mut items, &groups);
-        // A group lists only projects that are still recent.
-        for g in &mut groups {
-            g.paths.retain(|p| items.iter().any(|i| i.path == *p));
-        }
-        Self { file, items: Mutex::new(items), groups_file, groups: Mutex::new(groups) }
+        items.truncate(MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS);
+        Self { file, items: Mutex::new(items) }
    }

    pub fn list(&self) -> Vec<RecentProject> {
        self.items.lock().clone()
    }

-    pub fn groups(&self) -> Vec<RecentProjectGroup> {
-        self.groups.lock().clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Replaces the groups (paths that are not recent projects are dropped).
-    pub fn set_groups(&self, groups: Vec<RecentProjectGroup>) -> IdeResult<Vec<RecentProjectGroup>> {
-        let items = self.items.lock();
-        let mut groups = normalize(groups);
-        for g in &mut groups {
-            g.paths.retain(|p| items.iter().any(|i| i.path == *p));
-        }
-        write_json(&self.groups_file, &groups)?;
-        *self.groups.lock() = groups.clone();
-        Ok(groups)
-    }
-
    /// Moves (or adds) `path` to the top of the list.
    pub fn touch(&self, path: &Path, branch: Option<String>) -> IdeResult<()> {
        let mut items = self.items.lock();
@@ -138,7 +58,7 @@ impl RecentProjects {
        let name =
            path.file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned()).unwrap_or_else(|| path.display().to_string());
        items.insert(0, RecentProject { path: path.into(), name, opened_at_ms: now_ms(), branch });
-        cap(&mut items, &self.groups.lock());
+        items.truncate(MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS);
        self.persist(&items)
    }

@@ -163,15 +83,7 @@ impl RecentProjects {
        if items.len() == before {
            return Ok(());
        }
-        self.persist(&items)?;
-        let mut groups = self.groups.lock();
-        if groups.iter().any(|g| g.paths.iter().any(|p| p == path)) {
-            for g in groups.iter_mut() {
-                g.paths.retain(|p| p != path);
-            }
-            write_json(&self.groups_file, &*groups)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
+        self.persist(&items)
    }

    pub fn paths(&self) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
@@ -179,7 +91,12 @@ impl RecentProjects {
    }

    fn persist(&self, items: &[RecentProject]) -> IdeResult<()> {
-        write_json(&self.file, items)
+        if let Some(dir) = self.file.parent() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
+        }
+        let json = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(items).map_err(|e| IdeError::internal(e.to_string()))?;
+        ide_vfs::write_atomic(&self.file, &json)?;
+        Ok(())
    }
 }

@@ -214,41 +131,6 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(RecentProjects::load(&cfg).list().is_empty());
    }

-    #[test]
-    fn groups_keep_their_projects_and_survive_a_reload() {
-        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
-        let recent = RecentProjects::load(tmp.path());
-        for i in 0..3 {
-            recent.touch(&PathBuf::from(format!("/p/proj{i}")), None).unwrap();
-        }
-        let group = |name: &str, paths: &[&str]| RecentProjectGroup {
-            name: name.into(),
-            paths: paths.iter().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p).into()).collect(),
-            expanded: true,
-        };
-        let saved = recent
-            .set_groups(vec![
-                group(" Work ", &["/p/proj0", "/p/gone"]),
-                group("Work", &["/p/proj1"]),
-                group("Oss", &["/p/proj0", "/p/proj2"]),
-                group("  ", &[]),
-            ])
-            .unwrap();
-        // Trimmed, unique names; each project in one group; only recent projects.
-        assert_eq!(saved, vec![group("Work", &["/p/proj0"]), group("Oss", &["/p/proj2"])]);
-        assert_eq!(RecentProjects::load(tmp.path()).groups(), saved);
-
-        // A grouped project outlives the cap; removing it from recent projects ungroups it.
-        for i in 3..40 {
-            recent.touch(&PathBuf::from(format!("/p/proj{i}")), None).unwrap();
-        }
-        let paths = recent.paths();
-        assert_eq!(paths.len(), MAX_RECENT_PROJECTS + 2);
-        assert!(paths.contains(&PathBuf::from("/p/proj0")) && paths.contains(&PathBuf::from("/p/proj2")));
-        recent.remove(Path::new("/p/proj2")).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(RecentProjects::load(tmp.path()).groups(), vec![group("Work", &["/p/proj0"]), group("Oss", &[])]);
-    }
-
    #[test]
    fn rename_shows_a_custom_name_until_reset() {
        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
@@ -130,15 +130,14 @@ install it from disk.
 Only port themes whose licence allows redistribution, keep their licence file,
 and credit the original authors in `authors` and `description`.

-### From JetBrains IDEs (automatic)
+### From IntelliJ IDEA (automatic)

-To use a theme you already have in a JetBrains IDE, open **Settings › Plugins**, gear
+To use a theme you already have in IntelliJ, open **Settings › Plugins**, gear
 menu:

- **Import Theme from JetBrains IDE…** lists the theme plugins installed in the
-  JetBrains IDEs (and Android Studio) on this computer, one row per plugin of
-  each IDE, the plugins of the themes the IDEs use first. It reads the settings
-  folder of each IDE's newest version: `~/Library/Application Support/JetBrains`
+- **Import Theme from IntelliJ IDE…** lists the theme plugins installed in the
+  JetBrains IDEs (and Android Studio) on this computer, the theme each IDE uses
+  first. It reads their settings folders: `~/Library/Application Support/JetBrains`
  (macOS), `%APPDATA%\JetBrains` (Windows), `~/.config/JetBrains` and
  `~/.local/share/JetBrains` (Linux).
 - **Import IntelliJ Theme from File…** takes a theme plugin downloaded from the
@@ -147,8 +146,8 @@ menu:

 The whole plugin becomes one OpenIDEA theme plugin, `intellij.<plugin id>`, with
 each of its themes and their editor schemes; it is installed through the usual
-install page, and the theme in use stays as it is: choose one of its themes in
-**Settings › Appearance › Theme**. Importing the plugin again replaces it. Both are actions too (`plugins.importIntellijTheme`,
+install page and the chosen theme (otherwise the first) is applied. Importing
+the plugin again replaces it. Both are actions too (`plugins.importIntellijTheme`,
 `plugins.importInstalledIntellijTheme`). The conversion is the one described
 below.

@@ -193,9 +192,7 @@ ship no `.icls` at all keep the built-in syntax colours.
 | `--danger`, `--warning` | `Component.errorFocusColor`, `Component.warningFocusColor` |
 | `--bg-tooltip`, `--fg-tooltip`, `--border-tooltip` | `ToolTip.background`, `.foreground`, `.borderColor` |
 | `--bg-button`, `--border-button` | `Button.startBackground`, `Button.startBorderColor` |
-| `--bg-tab-selected` | `EditorTabs.underlinedTabBackground` |
-| `--border-tab-selected` | `EditorTabs.underlinedBorderColor` (Islands), `EditorTabs.underlineColor` |
-| `--fg-completion-match` | `CompletionPopup.matchForeground` |
+| `--bg-tab-selected`, `--border-tab-selected` | `EditorTabs.underlinedTabBackground`, `EditorTabs.underlineColor` |
 | `--bg-toolbar-hover`, `--bg-toolbar-pressed` | `ActionButton.hoverBackground`, `ActionButton.pressedBackground` |
 | `--bg-stripe-hover`, `--bg-stripe-selected` | `ToolWindow.Button.hoverBackground`, `.selectedBackground` |
 | `--scrollbar-thumb`, `--scrollbar-thumb-hover` | `ScrollBar.Mac.thumbColor`, `ScrollBar.Mac.hoverThumbColor` |
@@ -212,7 +209,6 @@ The full table is `UI_KEYS` in [`src/features/plugins/intellijTheme.ts`](../../s
 | `--caret`, `--bg-current-line` | colour `CARET_COLOR`, `CARET_ROW_COLOR` |
 | `--bg-editor-selection` | colour `SELECTION_BACKGROUND` |
 | `--fg-line-number`, `--fg-line-number-current` | colour `LINE_NUMBERS_COLOR`, `LINE_NUMBER_ON_CARET_ROW_COLOR` |
-| `--bg-editor-gutter` | colour `EDITOR_GUTTER_BACKGROUND`, else the editor background (as the new UI paints it; `GUTTER_BACKGROUND` is the classic UI's) |
 | `--border-indent-guide`, `--border-right-margin`, `--fg-whitespace` | colour `INDENT_GUIDE`, `RIGHT_MARGIN_COLOR`, `WHITESPACES` |
 | `--vcs-*`, `--gutter-*` | colour `FILESTATUS_*`, `MODIFIED_LINES_COLOR`, `ADDED_LINES_COLOR`, `DELETED_LINES_COLOR` |
 | `--syn-keyword`, `--syn-string`, `--syn-number` | `DEFAULT_KEYWORD`, `DEFAULT_STRING`, `DEFAULT_NUMBER` |
@@ -230,9 +226,7 @@ The full table is `UI_KEYS` in [`src/features/plugins/intellijTheme.ts`](../../s
 | `--syn-self`, `--syn-keyword-arg`, `--syn-docstring`, `--syn-predefined` | `PY.SELF_PARAMETER`, `PY.KEYWORD_ARGUMENT`, `PY.DOC_COMMENT`, `PY.BUILTIN_NAME` |
 | `--ansi-*` | `CONSOLE_*_OUTPUT` (`CONSOLE_DARKGRAY_OUTPUT` is bright black, `CONSOLE_GRAY_OUTPUT` white) |

-The full tables are `ICLS_COLORS` and `ICLS_ATTRIBUTES` in the same file. An
-attribute written as `<value />` has no colours of its own and shows as plain
-text (`TEXT`'s foreground), as in IntelliJ, not with the parent scheme's colour.
+The full tables are `ICLS_COLORS` and `ICLS_ATTRIBUTES` in the same file.

 ### From VS Code (by hand)

@@ -22,15 +22,7 @@ Paths in an existing manifest may be relative to the workspace directory. New an

 Linked folders appear as roots in Project view and participate in indexing, Find in Files, Git repository discovery and language-server root selection. Detected and saved run configurations have project-qualified names and use their member's working directory and launch settings. Build Project combines the linked projects' build plans; Compile File targets its owning project. Workspace editor/settings state belongs to its own directory. Each member retains its repository and project configuration.

-The specialized Maven/Gradle tool-window model still describes the workspace directory itself; it does not yet aggregate independent member models. Workspace creation and management currently target local folders. To link independent Gradle builds in one Gradle tree, open their parent folder as an ordinary project instead of creating a Workspace manifest, then use **Link Gradle Projects…** in the Gradle toolbar or Find Action.
-
-## Linked Gradle builds in a project
-
-In an ordinary project window, **Link Gradle Projects…** accepts one or more `settings.gradle`, `settings.gradle.kts`, `build.gradle`, or `build.gradle.kts` files. Each linked build has its own root in the Gradle tool window. Its tasks, dependencies, wrapper, working directory and sync cache stay separate, even when another build has the same `:app` project or task names. Included builds remain under the build that includes them.
-
-Right-click a build root for **Reload Gradle Project** or **Unlink Gradle Project**. Unlinking only removes the IDE connection; it does not delete files or saved run configurations. The Link button remains available after the last build is unlinked. Linked builds may live outside the opened folder.
-
-Links are saved in project settings as `languages.java.gradle.linkedProjects`. Until links are configured, existing automatic discovery is unchanged. An explicit empty list means that no Gradle builds are linked. Opening the project again restores its links. A folder first opened by an older version may need one fresh sync because independent builds now have separate caches.
+The specialized Maven/Gradle tool-window model still describes the workspace directory itself; it does not yet aggregate independent member models. Workspace creation and management currently target local folders.

 ## Window group

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { expect, test } from "./fixtures";
-
-const xml = readFileSync(
-  process.env.OPENIDEA_ICLS_FIXTURE ?? "src/platform/__fixtures__/colorSchemes/monokai-php.icls",
-  "utf8",
-);
-
-test("imported PHP colours stay separate from Java and preserve regular text on a dark background", async ({
-  workbench: page,
-}, info) => {
-  await page.evaluate(async (xml) => {
-    const iclsPath = "/src/platform/icls.ts";
-    const projectPath = "/src/platform/project.ts";
-    const backendPath = "/src/editor/core/backend.ts";
-    const contributionsPath = "/src/workbench/contributions.ts";
-    const { parseIcls } = await import(iclsPath);
-    const { useProject } = await import(projectPath);
-    const { docBackend } = await import(backendPath);
-    const { editorService } = await import(contributionsPath);
-    const previous = useProject.getState().settings ?? {};
-    useProject.setState({
-      settings: {
-        ...previous,
-        editor: {
-          ...previous.editor,
-          colorScheme: "custom-php",
-          customSchemes: { "custom-php": parseIcls(xml).scheme },
-          semanticHighlighting: false,
-        },
-      },
-    });
-    const backend = docBackend();
-    const open = backend.open.bind(backend);
-    backend.open = async (...args: Parameters<typeof open>) => {
-      const result = await open(...args);
-      return args[0].endsWith(".php") ? { ...result, language: "php", uiMode: "PHP" } : result;
-    };
-    backend.files.set(
-      "/dev/acme-api/palette.php",
-      "<?php\n/** Plain PHP documentation */\nclass Palette extends BasePalette {\n    var $name = 'Palette';\n    function example($value) {\n        return $this->name == 10;\n    }\n}\n",
-    );
-    await editorService().openFile("/dev/acme-api/palette.php");
-  }, xml);
-  const php = page.locator('.cm-editor[data-language="PHP"]');
-  await expect(php).toBeVisible();
-  await expect(php).toHaveCSS("background-color", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");
-  const token = (text: string) =>
-    php
-      .locator(".cm-content span")
-      .filter({ hasText: text })
-      .filter({ hasNot: php.locator("span span") });
-  await expect(token("$name").first()).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(72, 216, 238)");
-  await expect(token("'Palette'")).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(255, 231, 146)");
-  await expect(token("'Palette'")).toHaveCSS("font-weight", "400");
-  await expect(token("class").first()).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(249, 38, 114)");
-  await expect(token("Plain PHP documentation")).toHaveCSS("font-style", "normal");
-  await expect(token("BasePalette")).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(174, 129, 255)");
-  await expect(token(";").first()).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(255, 255, 255)");
-  await expect(token("example")).toHaveCSS("color", "rgb(141, 225, 45)");
-  await expect(token("$name").first()).toHaveCSS("font-weight", "700");
-  await page.evaluate(async () => {
-    const backendPath = "/src/editor/core/backend.ts";
-    const contributionsPath = "/src/workbench/contributions.ts";
-    const { docBackend } = await import(backendPath);
-    const { editorService } = await import(contributionsPath);
-    docBackend().files.set("/dev/acme-api/Palette.java", 'class Palette { String name = "Palette"; }');
-    await editorService().openFile("/dev/acme-api/Palette.java");
-  });
-  const java = page.locator('.cm-editor[data-language="Java"]');
-  await expect(java).toBeVisible();
-  await expect(java.locator(".cm-content span").filter({ hasText: '"Palette"' })).toHaveCSS("font-weight", "700");
-  await page.getByRole("tab", { name: "palette.php", exact: true }).click();
-  await expect(php).toBeVisible();
-  await expect(token("'Palette'")).toHaveCSS("font-weight", "400");
-  await php.screenshot({ path: info.outputPath("php-import.png"), animations: "disabled" });
-});
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-/** Linked Gradle builds use isolated native stubs; no real builds or files are touched. */
-import type { GradleModel, RunConfig } from "../src/platform/ipc";
-import { expect, ipcCalls, stubDesktop, test } from "./fixtures";
-
-const build = (dir: string): GradleModel => ({
-  dir,
-  command: `/dev/acme-api/${dir}/gradlew`,
-  env: { JAVA_HOME: `/${dir}/jdk` },
-  javaVersion: 21,
-  syncedAt: 1,
-  stale: false,
-  syncError: null,
-  projects: [
-    { path: ":", name: dir, dir, buildFile: `${dir}/build.gradle`, tasks: [] },
-    {
-      path: ":app",
-      name: "app",
-      dir: `${dir}/app`,
-      buildFile: `${dir}/app/build.gradle`,
-      tasks: [{ name: "assemble", group: "build", description: "Assembles this project" }],
-    },
-  ],
-});
-
-test("links independent Gradle roots, runs identical task paths in their own builds and unlinks without deletion", async ({
-  workbench: page,
-}, info) => {
-  await stubDesktop(page);
-  await page.evaluate(
-    async ({ first, second }) => {
-      let linked = [first];
-      let runId = 0;
-      const model = () => ({ maven: null, gradle: linked });
-      const h = window.__ipc.handlers;
-      h.build_model = model;
-      h.build_sync = model;
-      h.run_configs = () => [];
-      h.run_apply_settings = (args) => args.configs;
-      h.gradle_link_projects = () => {
-        if (!linked.some((g) => g.dir === second.dir)) linked = [...linked, second];
-        return model();
-      };
-      h.gradle_unlink_projects = (args) => {
-        linked = linked.filter((g) => !(args.paths as string[]).includes(g.dir));
-        return model();
-      };
-      h["plugin:dialog|open"] = () => ["/dev/acme-api/second/settings.gradle"];
-      h.run_start = (args) => {
-        const config = args.config as RunConfig;
-        const id = ++runId;
-        setTimeout(() => window.__ipc.emit({ type: "runExited", run: id, code: 0 }), 50);
-        return { id, configId: config.id, name: config.name, pid: 4242 + id, running: true, pty: false };
-      };
-      const storeModule = "/src/features/build-tools/store.ts";
-      const { loadModel } = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ storeModule);
-      await loadModel();
-      const contributionsModule = "/src/workbench/contributions.ts";
-      const { toolWindowService } = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ contributionsModule);
-      toolWindowService().show("gradle", true);
-    },
-    { first: build("first"), second: build("second") },
-  );
-
-  const tree = page.getByRole("tree", { name: "Gradle projects" });
-  await expect(tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: "first", exact: true })).toBeVisible();
-  await expect(tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: "second", exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
-  await page.screenshot({ path: info.outputPath("gradle-one-root.png"), animations: "disabled" });
-
-  await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Link Gradle Projects", exact: true }).click();
-  await expect
-    .poll(() => ipcCalls(page, "gradle_link_projects"))
-    .toEqual([{ paths: ["/dev/acme-api/second/settings.gradle"] }]);
-  await expect(tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: "second", exact: true })).toBeVisible();
-  // Reloading the model reads the persisted linkage again.
-  await page.evaluate(async () => {
-    const storeModule = "/src/features/build-tools/store.ts";
-    const { loadModel } = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ storeModule);
-    await loadModel();
-    const actionModule = "/src/platform/actions.ts";
-    const { executeAction } = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ actionModule);
-    await executeAction("gradle.expandAll");
-    await executeAction("gradle.toggleOffline");
-  });
-  const tasks = tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: /^assemble\b/ });
-  await expect(tasks).toHaveCount(2);
-  await page.screenshot({ path: info.outputPath("gradle-two-roots.png"), animations: "disabled" });
-
-  await tasks.nth(0).dblclick();
-  await expect.poll(async () => (await ipcCalls(page, "run_start")).length).toBe(1);
-  await tasks.nth(1).dblclick();
-  await expect.poll(async () => (await ipcCalls(page, "run_start")).length).toBe(2);
-  const runs = (await ipcCalls(page, "run_start")).map((args) => args.config as RunConfig);
-  expect(runs[0]!.id).not.toBe(runs[1]!.id);
-  for (const [index, dir] of ["first", "second"].entries()) {
-    expect(runs[index]).toMatchObject({
-      command: `/dev/acme-api/${dir}/gradlew`,
-      cwd: dir,
-      args: [":app:assemble", "--offline"],
-      env: { JAVA_HOME: `/${dir}/jdk` },
-    });
-  }
-
-  for (const dir of ["second", "first"]) {
-    await tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: dir, exact: true }).click({ button: "right" });
-    await page.getByRole("menuitem", { name: "Unlink Gradle Project", exact: true }).click();
-    const dialog = page.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Unlink Gradle project?" });
-    await expect(dialog).toContainText("Files will remain");
-    await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Unlink", exact: true }).click();
-    await expect(tree.getByRole("treeitem", { name: dir, exact: true })).toHaveCount(0);
-  }
-  await expect
-    .poll(() => ipcCalls(page, "gradle_unlink_projects"))
-    .toEqual([{ paths: ["second"] }, { paths: ["first"] }]);
-  await expect(page.getByText("No Gradle projects", { exact: true })).toBeVisible();
-  await expect(page.getByRole("button", { name: "Link Gradle Projects", exact: true })).toBeVisible();
-  expect(
-    await page.evaluate(() => window.__ipc.calls.filter((c) => /^fs_(?:delete|remove|trash)/.test(c.cmd))),
-  ).toEqual([]);
-  await page.screenshot({ path: info.outputPath("gradle-unlinked.png"), animations: "disabled" });
-});
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-import { expect, openFromTree, test } from "./fixtures";
-
-// Headless Chromium hides scrollbars by default, so nothing native sits at the editor's right
-// edge and the press reaches the overview lane. The tests in `overviewLane.spec.ts` keep a
-// scrollbar there instead.
-test("pressing the overview lane scrolls instead of starting a text selection", async ({ workbench: page }) => {
-  const editor = await openFromTree(page, "build.gradle.kts");
-  await editor.locator(".cm-content").click();
-  await page.keyboard.press("Meta+a");
-  await page.keyboard.insertText(Array.from({ length: 400 }, (_, i) => `val line${i} = ${i}`).join("\n"));
-  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
-  const scroller = editor.locator(".cm-scroller");
-  await scroller.evaluate((s) => (s.scrollTop = 0));
-  const box = (await scroller.boundingBox())!;
-  // The lane replaces the native scrollbar: a press on it must stay a scrollbar press.
-  const x = box.x + box.width - 5;
-  const y = box.y + box.height - 40;
-  await page.mouse.move(x, y);
-  await page.mouse.down();
-  await page.mouse.move(x, y - 120, { steps: 8 });
-  await page.mouse.up();
-  const empty = await editor.locator(".cm-content").evaluate((el) => {
-    const view = (el as unknown as { cmTile: { view: { state: { selection: { main: { empty: boolean } } } } } }).cmTile
-      .view;
-    return view.state.selection.main.empty;
-  });
-  expect(empty).toBe(true);
-});
@@ -186,49 +186,3 @@ test("quick theme menu offers all four palettes and applies their kind", async (
    await expect(page.locator("html")).toHaveAttribute("data-theme", palette.kind);
  }
 });
-
-test("gear › Theme previews the theme under the pointer and keeps the one chosen", async ({ workbench: page }) => {
-  const html = page.locator("html");
-  const gear = page.getByRole("button", { name: "IDE and Project Settings", exact: true });
-  const theme = (label: string) => page.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: label, exact: true });
-  await gear.click();
-  await page.getByRole("menuitem", { name: "Theme", exact: true }).hover();
-  await theme("Solarized Dark").hover();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme", "solarized-dark");
-  // A plugin's theme previews too.
-  await theme("Harbor Night").hover();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-plugin-theme", /harbor-night$/);
-  await expect(html).not.toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme");
-  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
-  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
-  await expect(html).not.toHaveAttribute("data-plugin-theme");
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-theme", "light");
-
-  await gear.click();
-  await page.getByRole("menuitem", { name: "Theme", exact: true }).hover();
-  await theme("One Dark").hover();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme", "one-dark");
-  await theme("One Dark").click();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme", "one-dark");
-  // Chosen, not previewed: the next start-up opens with it.
-  await expect
-    .poll(() => page.evaluate(() => JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("openidea.theme") ?? "{}").colorTheme))
-    .toBe("one-dark");
-});
-
-test("Settings › Appearance › Theme previews the highlighted theme until Cancel", async ({ workbench: page }) => {
-  const html = page.locator("html");
-  const dialog = await settings(page);
-  await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Theme", exact: true }).click();
-  await page.getByRole("option", { name: "Solarized Dark", exact: true }).hover();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme", "solarized-dark");
-  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-theme", "light");
-  await expect(html).not.toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme");
-  // Picked: it shows until Apply or Cancel.
-  await choose(page, "Theme", "One Dark");
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme", "one-dark");
-  await dialog.getByRole("button", { name: "Cancel", exact: true }).click();
-  await expect(html).toHaveAttribute("data-theme", "light");
-  await expect(html).not.toHaveAttribute("data-color-theme");
-});
@@ -14,10 +14,8 @@ args = ["language-server", "--protocol=lsp"]
 root-markers = ["pubspec.yaml", "analysis_options.yaml"]
 install-hint = "Install the Dart SDK (https://dart.dev/get-dart) or Flutter"

-# `dart` here; a project that depends on the Flutter SDK is switched to
-# `flutter debug_adapter` at session start (see `ide-dap`'s `start_with`).
 [debugger]
 adapter = "dart"
 command = "dart"
 args = ["debug_adapter"]
-install-hint = "Install the Dart SDK (https://dart.dev/get-dart) or Flutter"
+install-hint = "Install the Dart SDK (https://dart.dev/get-dart); use `flutter debug_adapter` for Flutter apps"
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "name": "openidea",
  "private": true,
  "description": "An open-source IDE inspired by IntelliJ IDEA",
-  "version": "0.1.37",
+  "version": "0.1.36",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ sdk/rust/openidea-plugin/     # the Rust SDK (host API, Plugin trait, mock host)
 crates/ide-plugin/tests/fixtures/  # test plugins: hello, jobs, language-toy, misbehave
 ```

-The plugin API is defined in [`wit/`](../wit/) (`openidea:plugin@1.1.0`, world
+The plugin API is defined in [`wit/`](../wit/) (`openidea:plugin@1.0.0`, world
 `plugin`).

 ## 1. Quick start
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ target through rustup if needed), copies the component to the manifest's
 `wasm` path and runs `check`. `check` validates the package exactly as
 _Install Plugin from Disk…_ would — manifest, every contribution, the SVG
 sanitiser, the component — and that the component imports nothing but the
-plugin API and WASI and links against the IDE's: every function it imports
-exists with the same signature, and it exports the plugin world. It prints what the user will be asked to grant.
+plugin API and WASI. It prints what the user will be asked to grant.

 `link` adds the folder to `links.json` in the IDE's plugins directory
 (`$OPENIDEA_PLUGINS_DIR`, default `<app-data>/ai.l0ng.openidea/plugins`). Linked
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ machine. Users can revoke optional capabilities in Settings › Plugins.
 | `project.read`      | low    | `Project::root`, `read_file`, `find_files`, `host::projects`, `publish_diagnostics` |
 | `editor.read`       | low    | `TextEditor::document`, `selections`                                                |
 | `editor.write`      | medium | `TextEditor::apply_edits`                                                           |
-| `vcs.read`          | low    | `Project::vcs_status` (branch, upstream, ahead/behind, changes), `vcs_remotes`      |
+| `vcs.read`          | low    | `Project::vcs_status` (branch, upstream, ahead/behind, changes)                     |
 | `vcs.write`         | medium | `Project::vcs_fetch` (trusted projects only)                                        |
 | `storage`           | low    | `host::storage` (1 MiB per plugin)                                                  |
 | `events`            | low    | file opened/saved, editor focused, repository changed events                        |
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ machine. Users can revoke optional capabilities in Settings › Plugins.
 | `process:<program>` | high   | `Project::run_process`, language servers, debug adapters, runs                      |
 | `net:<host>`        | medium | `host::fetch` to that host (`*.example.com`: its subdomains)                        |
 | `secrets`           | medium | `{{secret:<name>}}` in request headers, `host::secret_is_set`                       |
-| `clipboard`         | medium | `host::copy_to_clipboard` and the clipboard API in the plugin's web views           |
+| `clipboard`         | medium | the clipboard API in the plugin's web views (keyboard copy / paste work without it) |

 `process:` capabilities are also derived from what the contributions start: a
 language's `language-servers` and `debugger` commands and a run detector's
@@ -300,14 +299,12 @@ then run `openidea-plugin check`.
 | `TextEditor::apply_edits(version, edits)`                                | `editor.text-editor.apply-edits` | One undoable change, only if the document is still at `version` — else `Error::Stale` and nothing changes. `transform_selections` retries once.                                                                      |
 | `Project::root()`, `read_file(path)`                                     | `workspace.project`              | Absolute or project-relative; `..`/symlinks escaping the root are rejected; UTF-8 only, ≤ 16 MiB; unsaved editor contents win.                                                                                       |
 | `host::projects()`                                                       | `workspace.projects`             | Every open project (for scheduled work without a window).                                                                                                                                                            |
-| `Project::vcs_status()`, `vcs_remotes()`, `vcs_fetch()`                  | `vcs`                            | `vcs_remotes` returns `(name, url)` pairs; fetch runs git, so only in trusted projects (call it inside a task).                                                                                                      |
+| `Project::vcs_status()`, `vcs_fetch()`                                   | `vcs`                            | Fetch runs git, so only in trusted projects; call it inside a task.                                                                                                                                                  |
 | `host::subscribe(kind)`                                                  | `events.subscribe`               | For the session, across idle reclaim (an event activates the plugin). Or declare `on-event:<kind>`.                                                                                                                  |
 | `host::begin_task(title, cancellable)` → `Task`                          | `tasks.begin`                    | Shown with the background tasks; `report`, `is_cancelled`; the call may run 60 s instead of 5 s while it is open; dropping it ends it.                                                                               |
 | `host::storage::{get, set, delete, keys}`                                | `storage`                        | Survives restarts; the instance's memory does not. Deleted on uninstall.                                                                                                                                             |
 | `host::set_status_item(id, item)`, `remove_status_item`                  | `ui`                             | `text`, `tooltip`, `command` (one of yours, run on click); at most 8; kept while the plugin is idle.                                                                                                                 |
 | `host::notify(level, title, body)`                                       | `ui.show-notification`           | Balloon in the window the command or events came from (every window otherwise).                                                                                                                                      |
-| `host::copy_to_clipboard(text)`                                          | `ui.copy-to-clipboard`           | Copies `text` to the system clipboard. Needs `clipboard`.                                                                                                                                                            |
-| `host::open_url(url)`                                                    | `ui.open-url`                    | Opens an `http://` or `https://` URL in the user's default browser.                                                                                                                                                  |
 | `host::log(level, msg)`                                                  | `log`                            | IDE log, tagged with the plugin id. `eprintln!` output is logged too and shown when the plugin crashes.                                                                                                              |
 | `Project::find_files(glob, limit)`                                       | `workspace.project.find-files`   | Project-relative glob (`**/*Mapper.xml`); honours `.gitignore`; at most `limit` paths.                                                                                                                               |
 | `host::publish_diagnostics(path, items)`                                 | `diagnostics.publish`            | Replaces this plugin's problems for the file (editor squiggles and the Problems view); an empty list clears them.                                                                                                    |
@@ -769,7 +766,7 @@ granted, and starts the approved program.
  the package at its root or in its only folder, or a folder's `plugin.toml`;
  a zip without a `plugin.toml` there, such as an IntelliJ plugin, is refused; IntelliJ
  theme plugins are imported instead: _Import IntelliJ Theme from File…_ and _Import Theme
-  from JetBrains IDE…_, see [`docs/plugins/themes.md`](../docs/plugins/themes.md)). The install
+  from IntelliJ IDE…_, see [`docs/plugins/themes.md`](../docs/plugins/themes.md)). The install
  page lists every capability and whether the package is signed by a publisher
  the marketplace trusts; nothing is copied until you accept.
 - **Versions:** installed plugins live in `<app-data>/plugins/<id>/<version>/`
@@ -945,8 +942,6 @@ only grows:
   its `openidea:plugin/*` imports and exports, `PluginEngine::check_component`).
   Installing and `openidea-plugin check` refuse another major or a newer
   minor with a message that says to update the IDE or rebuild with the SDK.
-   They also link the component, so one that imports a function this host
-   lacks under the same version (built from unreleased WIT) is refused too.
 5. **One version number**: the `wit/` package version, `ENGINE_VERSION` and
   `API_VERSION` agree, and the SDK's `wit/` copy is identical to `wit/`.
 6. **1.x calls are synchronous and pass documents whole.** Host calls block
@@ -1 +1 @@
-12c9f58ab05321fa3966a0179c085e2972db278adf20b917b50f30ce048aa67d
+9ad412cb7b853d40467c67305a1126bb87910d179ecfa1c88e13d4a900367c50
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2f4608630c5e41453458ecee5bc4e2f1994a680d4307a5f002f9dd5ccc04d457
+49a3c6bf2511ba137457397203244bdfca3d6e10f62dbc7fde9473dab07f6457
@@ -1 +1 @@
-74167252b0e306f94eb00ac9b467a5f30c373b9f15e223b21afa71c67c1dec0b
+c199dc52e00d3943882d532e7e6095f7b2f8d7d6026cf1ccaa685dd6300f2319
@@ -1 +1 @@
-66e7f43eaf7bbadf1c5c817c6ce8da3adca0543ce5e12550440b4039b235581d
+6047be5eeaa1330d7aa1f182e88ae2f352f244829ad9a01fdc3a2a081bdca95d
@@ -1 +1 @@
-04cd70714c6bac560783492b3bd31d22f7056b9d8809df14163be935785dd114
+7a3ee410d228d1e39155aa042237d222d23d7f5a45e261086cffc45c6ee1ad32
@@ -1 +1 @@
-674f439626f08e931842c0c108a57c899ea38d2b5b2de38debd3b4b46feb5777
+7658a95eb9fc27468cae4b1d20e3b5ab299fde478e07f69ab0fdb4cc10caf11d
@@ -1 +1 @@
-ee40771fe778d4af1f762c1512155ea375ee3ed238390c65a5461b077fed6f8b
+227a30ef0028f167a20825bdd775b15392161e641f6c68030e01d0c79e263bb5