Merge pull request #4513 from EatThePath/cleanup-eval-stack

Clean up the lua stack after EvalStringWithReturn's function creation
2026-11-07 22:56:30 -10:00 · 2022-07-27 23:29:52 -04:00 · 2022-07-27 19:18:26 -05:00 · 2022-07-24 17:10:10 -04:00 · 2022-07-24 15:08:49 -04:00 · 2022-07-24 15:06:13 -04:00
72 changed files with 966 additions and 395 deletions
@@ -315,6 +315,6 @@ jobs:
    needs: [linux_zip, windows_zip]
    uses: ./.github/workflows/post-build-release.yaml
    with:
-      linux_result: ${{ needs.build_linux.result }}
-      windows_result: ${{ needs.build_windows.result }}
+      linux_result: ${{ needs.linux_zip.result }}
+      windows_result: ${{ needs.windows_zip.result }}
      releaseTag: ${{ github.ref_name }}
@@ -2400,6 +2400,7 @@ void ai_attack_object(object* attacker, object* attacked, int ship_info_index)

 	Assert(attacker != nullptr);
 	Assert(attacker->instance >= 0);
+	Assert(attacker->type == OBJ_SHIP);
 	Assert(Ships[attacker->instance].ai_index != -1);
 	//	Bogus!  Who tried to get me to attack myself!
 	if (attacker == attacked) {
@@ -10015,11 +10016,25 @@ void guard_object_was_hit(object *guard_objp, object *hitter_objp)
 			aip->submode_start_time = Missiontime;
 			aip->active_goal = AI_ACTIVE_GOAL_DYNAMIC;
 		} else {
-			int	num_attacking_cur, num_attacking_new;
+			// This section used to be a lot simpler, but some "invalid" object types were probably getting into num_ships_attacking
+			// below, so we have to manually return for some object types and make sure to assert for other object types
+			// that are symptomatic of a larger problem with the engine.
+
+			// This just checks to see that the target was a valid type. If it is not one of these, something really
+			// could be drastically wrong in the engine.
+			Assertion(Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_WEAPON || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_DEBRIS || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_ASTEROID || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_WAYPOINT,
+				"This function just discovered that %s has an invalid target object type of %d. This is bad. Please report!", 
+				Ships[aip->shipnum].ship_name, Objects[aip->target_objnum].type);
+
+			if (!(Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_WEAPON || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_ASTEROID || Objects[aip->target_objnum].type == OBJ_DEBRIS)){
+				// it's probably a valid target, but retail would not count those cases, so just return.
+				return;
+			} 
+
+			int	num_attacking_cur = num_ships_attacking(aip->target_objnum);

-			num_attacking_cur = num_ships_attacking(aip->target_objnum);
 			if (num_attacking_cur > 1) {
-				num_attacking_new = num_ships_attacking(hitter_objnum);
+				int num_attacking_new = num_ships_attacking(hitter_objnum);

 				if (num_attacking_new < num_attacking_cur) {

@@ -14490,6 +14505,13 @@ void validate_mode_submode(ai_info *aip)
 */
 void ai_frame(int objnum)
 {
+	// Cyborg - can you believe this was added in *2022*??
+	Assertion (Objects[objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP, "Ai_frame was called for a non-ship of type %d. Please report!", Objects[objnum].type);
+	
+	if (Objects[objnum].type != OBJ_SHIP){
+		return;
+	}
+
 	ship		*shipp = &Ships[Objects[objnum].instance];
 	ai_info	*aip = &Ai_info[shipp->ai_index];
 	int		target_objnum;
@@ -14572,7 +14594,7 @@ void ai_frame(int objnum)
 		} else if (aip->resume_goal_time == -1) {
 			// AL 12-9-97: Don't allow cargo and navbuoys to set their aip->target_objnum
 			if ( Ship_info[shipp->ship_info_index].class_type > -1 && (Ship_types[Ship_info[shipp->ship_info_index].class_type].flags[Ship::Type_Info_Flags::AI_auto_attacks]) ) {
-				target_objnum = find_enemy(objnum, MAX_ENEMY_DISTANCE, The_mission.ai_profile->max_attackers[Game_skill_level]);		//	Attack up to 25K units away.
+				target_objnum = find_enemy(objnum, MAX_ENEMY_DISTANCE, The_mission.ai_profile->max_attackers[Game_skill_level]);		//	Attack up to 2.5K units away.
 				if (target_objnum != -1) {
 					if (aip->target_objnum != target_objnum)
 						aip->aspect_locked_time = 0.0f;
@@ -14700,7 +14722,8 @@ void ai_frame(int objnum)
 	}
 }

-static void ai_control_info_check(ai_info *aip, ship_info *sip, physics_info *pi)
+// set and removes any maneuver flags for ai maneuver overrides
+static void ai_control_info_flags_upkeep(ai_info* aip, ship_info* sip, physics_info* pi)
 {
 	if (aip->ai_override_flags.none_set())
 		return;
@@ -14731,6 +14754,37 @@ static void ai_control_info_check(ai_info *aip, ship_info *sip, physics_info *pi
 	}
 	else
 	{
+		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Dont_bank_when_turning] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Dont_bank_when_turning])
+			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_DONT_BANK_WHEN_TURNING;
+		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Dont_clamp_max_velocity] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Dont_clamp_max_velocity])
+			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_DONT_CLAMP_MAX_VELOCITY;
+		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Instantaneous_acceleration] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Instantaneous_acceleration])
+			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_INSTANTANEOUS_ACCELERATION;
+	}
+
+	// set physics flag according to whether we are instantaneously accelerating
+	if (AI_ci.control_flags & CIF_INSTANTANEOUS_ACCELERATION)
+		pi->flags |= PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP;
+	else
+		pi->flags &= ~PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP;
+}
+
+// applies any rotational or lateral maneuver values to the AI's CI
+static void ai_control_info_apply(ai_info *aip)
+{
+	if (aip->ai_override_flags.none_set())
+		return;
+
+	bool lateral_maneuver = false;
+	bool rotational_maneuver = false;
+
+	if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Lateral_never_expire] || !timestamp_elapsed(aip->ai_override_lat_timestamp))
+		lateral_maneuver = true;
+
+	if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Rotational_never_expire] || timestamp_elapsed(aip->ai_override_rot_timestamp))
+		rotational_maneuver = true;
+
+	if (lateral_maneuver || rotational_maneuver) {
 		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Full_rot])
 		{
 			AI_ci.pitch = aip->ai_override_ci.pitch;
@@ -14740,17 +14794,11 @@ static void ai_control_info_check(ai_info *aip, ship_info *sip, physics_info *pi
 		else
 		{
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Pitch])
-			{
 				AI_ci.pitch = aip->ai_override_ci.pitch;
-			}
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Heading])
-			{
 				AI_ci.heading = aip->ai_override_ci.heading;
-			}
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Roll])
-			{
 				AI_ci.bank = aip->ai_override_ci.bank;
-			}
 		}

 		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Full_lat])
@@ -14762,32 +14810,13 @@ static void ai_control_info_check(ai_info *aip, ship_info *sip, physics_info *pi
 		else
 		{
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Up])
-			{
 				AI_ci.vertical = aip->ai_override_ci.vertical;
-			}
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Sideways])
-			{
 				AI_ci.sideways = aip->ai_override_ci.sideways;
-			}
 			if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Forward])
-			{
 				AI_ci.forward = aip->ai_override_ci.forward;
-			}
 		}
-
-		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Dont_bank_when_turning] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Dont_bank_when_turning])
-			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_DONT_BANK_WHEN_TURNING;
-		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Dont_clamp_max_velocity] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Dont_clamp_max_velocity])
-			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_DONT_CLAMP_MAX_VELOCITY;
-		if (aip->ai_override_flags[AI::Maneuver_Override_Flags::Instantaneous_acceleration] || sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Instantaneous_acceleration])
-			AI_ci.control_flags |= CIF_INSTANTANEOUS_ACCELERATION;
 	}
-
-	// set physics flag according to whether we are instantaneously accelerating
-	if (AI_ci.control_flags & CIF_INSTANTANEOUS_ACCELERATION)
-		pi->flags |= PF_NO_DAMP;
-	else
-		pi->flags &= ~PF_NO_DAMP;
 }

 int Last_ai_obj = -1;
@@ -14847,9 +14876,12 @@ void ai_process( object * obj, int ai_index, float frametime )
 	if (shipp->flags[Ship::Ship_Flags::Dying] && sip->flags[Ship::Info_Flags::Large_ship_deathroll])
 		rfc = false;

+	// regardless if we're acting on them, upkeep maneuver flags
+	ai_control_info_flags_upkeep(aip, sip, &obj->phys_info);
+
 	if (rfc) {
 		// Wanderer - sexp based override goes here - only if rfc is valid though
-		ai_control_info_check(aip, sip, &obj->phys_info);
+		ai_control_info_apply(aip);
 		physics_read_flying_controls( &obj->orient, &obj->phys_info, &AI_ci, frametime);
 	}

@@ -15109,9 +15141,9 @@ void init_aip_from_class_and_profile(ai_info *aip, ai_class *aicp, ai_profile_t

 void ai_do_default_behavior(object *obj)
 {
-    Assert(obj != NULL);
-    Assert(obj->instance != -1);
-    Assert(Ships[obj->instance].ai_index != -1);
+    Assertion(obj != nullptr, "Ai_do_default_behavior() was given a bad information.  Specifically obj is a nullptr. This is a coder error, please report!");
+    Assertion((obj->type == OBJ_SHIP) && (obj->instance > -1) && (obj->instance < MAX_SHIPS), "This function that requires an object to be a ship was passed an invalid ship. Please report\n\nObject type: %d\nInstance #: %d", obj->type, obj->instance);
+    Assertion(Ships[obj->instance].ai_index >= 0, "A ship has been found to have an invalid ai_index of %d. This should have been assigned and is coder mistake, please report!", Ships[obj->instance].ai_index);

    ai_info	*aip = &Ai_info[Ships[obj->instance].ai_index];
    ship_info* sip = &Ship_info[Ships[obj->instance].ship_info_index];
@@ -15209,118 +15241,125 @@ void maybe_process_friendly_hit(object *objp_hitter, object *objp_hit, object *o
 		return;
 	}

-	if ((obj_team(objp_hitter) == obj_team(objp_hit)) && (objp_hitter == Player_obj)) {
+	// Cyborg -- I had to switch around the logic here because it was potentially
+	// sending non-ships to obj_team, which would trigger an assert
+	if (objp_hitter == Player_obj){

-		// AL 12-4-97: It is possible the Player is a OBJ_GHOST at this point.  If so, bail out.
+		// Cyborg - So check if this is a ship first. Probably true, but you never know, with FSO
+		// (especially in multi)
 		if ( objp_hitter->type != OBJ_SHIP ) {
 			return;
 		}

-		Assert(objp_hitter->type == OBJ_SHIP);
+		// And assert that obj_hit is a ship as well.
 		Assert(objp_hit->type == OBJ_SHIP);
-		Assert((objp_weapon->type == OBJ_WEAPON) || (objp_weapon->type == OBJ_BEAM));  //beam added for traitor detection - FUBAR

-		ship	*shipp_hitter = &Ships[objp_hitter->instance];
-		ship	*shipp_hit = &Ships[objp_hit->instance];
+		if (obj_team(objp_hitter) == obj_team(objp_hit)) {

-		if (shipp_hitter->team != shipp_hit->team) {
-			return;
-		}
+			Assert((objp_weapon->type == OBJ_WEAPON) || (objp_weapon->type == OBJ_BEAM));  //beam added for traitor detection - FUBAR

-		// get the player
-		player *pp = &Players[Player_num];
+			ship	*shipp_hitter = &Ships[objp_hitter->instance];
+			ship	*shipp_hit = &Ships[objp_hit->instance];

-		// wacky stuff here
-		if (pp->friendly_hits != 0) {
-			float	time_since_last_hit = f2fl(Missiontime - pp->friendly_last_hit_time);
-			if ((time_since_last_hit >= 0.0f) && (time_since_last_hit < 10000.0f)) {
-				if (time_since_last_hit > 60.0f) {
-					pp->friendly_hits = 0;
-					pp->friendly_damage = 0.0f;
-				} else if (time_since_last_hit > 2.0f) {
-					pp->friendly_hits -= (int) time_since_last_hit/2;
-					pp->friendly_damage -= time_since_last_hit;
-				}
-
-				if (pp->friendly_damage < 0.0f) {
-					pp->friendly_damage = 0.0f;
-				}
-
-				if (pp->friendly_hits < 0) {
-					pp->friendly_hits = 0;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		float	damage;		//	Damage done by weapon.  Gets scaled down based on size of ship.
-
-		if (objp_weapon->type == OBJ_BEAM)  // added beam for traitor detection -FUBAR
-			damage = beam_get_ship_damage(&Beams[objp_weapon->instance], objp_hit);
-		else  
-			damage = Weapon_info[Weapons[objp_weapon->instance].weapon_info_index].damage;
-		
-		// wacky stuff here
-		ship_info *sip = &Ship_info[Ships[objp_hit->instance].ship_info_index];
-		if (shipp_hit->ship_max_hull_strength > 1000.0f) {
-			float factor = shipp_hit->ship_max_hull_strength / 1000.0f;
-			factor = MIN(100.0f, factor);
-			damage /= factor;
-		}
-
-		//	Don't penalize much at all for hitting cargo
-		if (sip->class_type > -1) {
-			damage *= Ship_types[sip->class_type].ff_multiplier;
-		}
-
-		//	Hit ship, but not targeting it, so it's not so heinous, maybe an accident.
-		if (Ai_info[shipp_hitter->ai_index].target_objnum != OBJ_INDEX(objp_hit)) {
-			damage /= 5.0f;
-		}
-
-		pp->friendly_last_hit_time = Missiontime;
-		pp->friendly_hits++;
-
-		// cap damage and number of hits done this frame
-		float accredited_damage = MIN(MAX_BURST_DAMAGE, pp->damage_this_burst + damage) - pp->damage_this_burst;
-		pp->friendly_damage += accredited_damage;
-		pp->damage_this_burst += accredited_damage;
-
-		// Done with adjustments to damage.  Evaluate based on current friendly_damage
-		nprintf(("AI", "Friendly damage: %.1f, threshold: %.1f, inc damage: %.1f, max burst: %d\n", pp->friendly_damage, FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD * (1.0f + (float) (NUM_SKILL_LEVELS + 1 - Game_skill_level)/3.0f), pp->damage_this_burst, MAX_BURST_DAMAGE ));
-		
-		if (is_instructor(objp_hit)) {
-			// it's not nice to hit your instructor
-			if (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD) {
-				message_send_builtin_to_player( MESSAGE_INSTRUCTOR_ATTACK, NULL, MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH, MESSAGE_TIME_IMMEDIATE, 0, 0, -1, -1);
-				pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
-				ship_set_subsystem_strength( Player_ship, SUBSYSTEM_WEAPONS, 0.0f);
-
-				training_fail();
-
-				//	Instructor leaves.
-				mission_do_departure(objp_hit);
-				gameseq_post_event( GS_EVENT_PLAYER_WARPOUT_START_FORCED );	//	Force player to warp out.
-			} else if (Missiontime - pp->last_warning_message_time > F1_0*4) {
-				// warning every 4 sec
-				// use NULL as the message sender here since it is the Terran Command persona
-				message_send_builtin_to_player( MESSAGE_INSTRUCTOR_HIT, NULL, MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH, MESSAGE_TIME_IMMEDIATE, 0, 0, -1, -1);
-				pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
+			if (shipp_hitter->team != shipp_hit->team) {
+				return;
 			}

-		// not nice to hit your friends
-		} else if (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD * (1.0f + (float) (NUM_SKILL_LEVELS + 1 - Game_skill_level)/3.0f)) {
-			process_friendly_hit_message( MESSAGE_HAMMER_SWINE, objp_hit );
-			mission_goal_fail_all();
-			ai_abort_rearm_request( Player_obj );
+			// get the player
+			player *pp = &Players[Player_num];

-			Player_ship->team = Iff_traitor;
+			// wacky stuff here
+			if (pp->friendly_hits != 0) {
+				float	time_since_last_hit = f2fl(Missiontime - pp->friendly_last_hit_time);
+				if ((time_since_last_hit >= 0.0f) && (time_since_last_hit < 10000.0f)) {
+					if (time_since_last_hit > 60.0f) {
+						pp->friendly_hits = 0;
+						pp->friendly_damage = 0.0f;
+					} else if (time_since_last_hit > 2.0f) {
+						pp->friendly_hits -= (int) time_since_last_hit/2;
+						pp->friendly_damage -= time_since_last_hit;
+					}

-		} else if ((damage > frand()) && (Missiontime - pp->last_warning_message_time > F1_0*4) && (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD)) {
-			// no closer than 4 sec intervals
-			//	Note: (damage > frand()) added on 12/9/97 by MK.  Since damage is now scaled down for big ships, we could get too
-			//	many warnings.  Kind of tedious.  frand() returns a value in 0..1, so this won't affect legit hits.
-			process_friendly_hit_message( MESSAGE_OOPS, objp_hit );
-			pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
+					if (pp->friendly_damage < 0.0f) {
+						pp->friendly_damage = 0.0f;
+					}
+
+					if (pp->friendly_hits < 0) {
+						pp->friendly_hits = 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			float	damage;		//	Damage done by weapon.  Gets scaled down based on size of ship.
+
+			if (objp_weapon->type == OBJ_BEAM)  // added beam for traitor detection -FUBAR
+				damage = beam_get_ship_damage(&Beams[objp_weapon->instance], objp_hit);
+			else  
+				damage = Weapon_info[Weapons[objp_weapon->instance].weapon_info_index].damage;
+			
+			// wacky stuff here
+			ship_info *sip = &Ship_info[Ships[objp_hit->instance].ship_info_index];
+			if (shipp_hit->ship_max_hull_strength > 1000.0f) {
+				float factor = shipp_hit->ship_max_hull_strength / 1000.0f;
+				factor = MIN(100.0f, factor);
+				damage /= factor;
+			}
+
+			//	Don't penalize much at all for hitting cargo
+			if (sip->class_type > -1) {
+				damage *= Ship_types[sip->class_type].ff_multiplier;
+			}
+
+			//	Hit ship, but not targeting it, so it's not so heinous, maybe an accident.
+			if (Ai_info[shipp_hitter->ai_index].target_objnum != OBJ_INDEX(objp_hit)) {
+				damage /= 5.0f;
+			}
+
+			pp->friendly_last_hit_time = Missiontime;
+			pp->friendly_hits++;
+
+			// cap damage and number of hits done this frame
+			float accredited_damage = MIN(MAX_BURST_DAMAGE, pp->damage_this_burst + damage) - pp->damage_this_burst;
+			pp->friendly_damage += accredited_damage;
+			pp->damage_this_burst += accredited_damage;
+
+			// Done with adjustments to damage.  Evaluate based on current friendly_damage
+			nprintf(("AI", "Friendly damage: %.1f, threshold: %.1f, inc damage: %.1f, max burst: %d\n", pp->friendly_damage, FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD * (1.0f + (float) (NUM_SKILL_LEVELS + 1 - Game_skill_level)/3.0f), pp->damage_this_burst, MAX_BURST_DAMAGE ));
+			
+			if (is_instructor(objp_hit)) {
+				// it's not nice to hit your instructor
+				if (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD) {
+					message_send_builtin_to_player( MESSAGE_INSTRUCTOR_ATTACK, NULL, MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH, MESSAGE_TIME_IMMEDIATE, 0, 0, -1, -1);
+					pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
+					ship_set_subsystem_strength( Player_ship, SUBSYSTEM_WEAPONS, 0.0f);
+
+					training_fail();
+
+					//	Instructor leaves.
+					mission_do_departure(objp_hit);
+					gameseq_post_event( GS_EVENT_PLAYER_WARPOUT_START_FORCED );	//	Force player to warp out.
+				} else if (Missiontime - pp->last_warning_message_time > F1_0*4) {
+					// warning every 4 sec
+					// use NULL as the message sender here since it is the Terran Command persona
+					message_send_builtin_to_player( MESSAGE_INSTRUCTOR_HIT, NULL, MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH, MESSAGE_TIME_IMMEDIATE, 0, 0, -1, -1);
+					pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
+				}
+
+			// not nice to hit your friends
+			} else if (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD * (1.0f + (float) (NUM_SKILL_LEVELS + 1 - Game_skill_level)/3.0f)) {
+				process_friendly_hit_message( MESSAGE_HAMMER_SWINE, objp_hit );
+				mission_goal_fail_all();
+				ai_abort_rearm_request( Player_obj );
+
+				Player_ship->team = Iff_traitor;
+
+			} else if ((damage > frand()) && (Missiontime - pp->last_warning_message_time > F1_0*4) && (pp->friendly_damage > FRIENDLY_DAMAGE_THRESHOLD)) {
+				// no closer than 4 sec intervals
+				//	Note: (damage > frand()) added on 12/9/97 by MK.  Since damage is now scaled down for big ships, we could get too
+				//	many warnings.  Kind of tedious.  frand() returns a value in 0..1, so this won't affect legit hits.
+				process_friendly_hit_message( MESSAGE_OOPS, objp_hit );
+				pp->last_warning_message_time = Missiontime;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -15545,11 +15584,14 @@ void ai_ship_hit(object *objp_ship, object *hit_objp, vec3d *hit_normal)
 			return;
 		
 		hitter_objnum = hit_objp->parent;
-		Assert((hitter_objnum >= 0) && (hitter_objnum < MAX_OBJECTS));
+		Assertion((hitter_objnum >= 0) && (hitter_objnum < MAX_OBJECTS), "hitter_objnum in this function is an invalid index of %d.  This can cause random behavior, and is a coder mistake.  Please report!", hitter_objnum);
 		objp_hitter = &Objects[hitter_objnum];

+		Assertion((objp_hitter->type == OBJ_SHIP) || (objp_hitter->type == OBJ_WEAPON) || (objp_hitter->type == OBJ_ASTEROID) || (objp_hitter->type == OBJ_BEAM) || (objp_hitter->type == OBJ_DEBRIS),
+		"The ai code is passing an invalid object type of %d to a function when trying to decide how to respond to something hitting it.  This is a bug in the code, please report!", objp_hitter->type);
+
 		// lets not check hits by ghosts any further either
-		if(objp_hitter->type == OBJ_GHOST)
+		if(objp_hitter->type != OBJ_SHIP && objp_hitter->type != OBJ_WEAPON && objp_hitter->type != OBJ_ASTEROID && objp_hitter->type != OBJ_BEAM && objp_hitter->type != OBJ_DEBRIS)
 			return;
 		
 		//	Hit by a protected ship, don't attack it.
@@ -16147,6 +16189,12 @@ void maybe_cheat_fire_synaptic(object *objp)
 		ship	*shipp;
 		int	wing_index, time;

+		Assertion(objp->type == OBJ_SHIP, "This ai function requires a ship, but was called with a non-ship object type of %d. Please report!", objp->type);
+
+		if (objp->type != OBJ_SHIP) {
+			return;
+		}
+
 		shipp = &Ships[objp->instance];

 		if (!(strnicmp(shipp->ship_name, NOX("delta"), 5)))
@@ -1235,6 +1235,10 @@ int ai_remove_goal_sexp_sub( int sexp, ai_goal* aigp )
 		priority = ( CDR( CDR(node) ) >= 0 ) ? atoi( CTEXT( CDR( CDR( node ) ) ) ) : -1;
 		goalmode = AI_GOAL_IGNORE_NEW;
 		break;
+	case OP_AI_FORM_ON_WING:
+		priority = 99;
+		goalmode = AI_GOAL_FORM_ON_WING;
+		break;
 	default:
 		const ai_mode_lua* luaAIMode = ai_lua_find_mode(op);
 		if(luaAIMode != nullptr){
@@ -1251,7 +1255,7 @@ int ai_remove_goal_sexp_sub( int sexp, ai_goal* aigp )
 			priority = localnode >= 0 ? atoi( CTEXT(localnode) ) : -1;
 		}
 		else {
-			UNREACHABLE("Invalid SEXP-OP number %d for an AI goal!", op);
+			UNREACHABLE("Invalid SEXP-OP %s (number %d) for an AI goal!", Sexp_nodes[node].text, op);
 		}
 		break;
 	};
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ void processEvents()
 {
 	io::mouse::CursorManager::get()->showCursor(false);

+	os_remove_deferred_cutscene_key_events();
 	os_poll();
 }

@@ -407,10 +407,21 @@ void fireball_parse_tbl()
 	{
 		if (fi.lod_count > 1)
 		{
+			Assertion(fi.lod_count <= MAX_FIREBALL_LOD, "Fireball LOD (%d) greater than MAX_FIREBALL_LOD %d.", fi.lod_count, MAX_FIREBALL_LOD);
+			static_assert(MAX_FIREBALL_LOD < 10, "The fireball LOD naming scheme needs to be changed for LODs > 9");
+
 			auto lod0 = fi.lod[0].filename;
+			constexpr int MAX_BASENAME_LEN = MAX_FILENAME_LEN - 3;	// ensure base file name + _*lod* fits in filename field
+
+			if (strlen(lod0) > MAX_BASENAME_LEN)
+			{
+				Warning(LOCATION, "A fireball base file name may not be longer than %d characters due to the LOD naming scheme.\nLODs other than LOD0 will be skipped for fireball %s", MAX_BASENAME_LEN, lod0);
+				fi.lod_count = 1;
+				continue;
+			}

 			for (int j = 1; j < fi.lod_count; ++j)
-				sprintf(fi.lod[j].filename, "%s_%d", lod0, j);
+				sprintf(fi.lod[j].filename, "%.*s_%d", MAX_BASENAME_LEN, lod0, j % MAX_FIREBALL_LOD /*to show gcc12 format string is safe*/);
 		}
 	}

@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ void parse_soundtrack()
 			continue;

 		// check for file
-		if (!cf_exists_full(Soundtracks[strack_idx].patterns[i].fname, CF_TYPE_MUSIC))
+		if (!cf_exists_full_ext(Soundtracks[strack_idx].patterns[i].fname, CF_TYPE_MUSIC, NUM_AUDIO_EXT, audio_ext_list))
 			return;
 	}

@@ -31,23 +31,23 @@
 #define	GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE				(1 << 10)			// are we currently in a campaign.
 #define GM_LAB							(1 << 11)			// We are currently in the F3 lab

-#define	VM_EXTERNAL						(1 << 0)				//	Set if not viewing from player position.
-#define	VM_TRACK						(1 << 1)				//	Set if viewer is tracking target.
-#define	VM_DEAD_VIEW					(1 << 2)				//	Set if viewer is watching from dead view.
-#define	VM_CHASE							(1 << 3)				//	Chase view.
-#define	VM_OTHER_SHIP					(1 << 4)				//	View from another ship.
-#define	VM_CAMERA_LOCKED			(1 << 5)				// Set if player does not have control of the camera
-#define	VM_WARP_CHASE					(1	<< 6)				// View while warping out (form normal view mode)
-#define	VM_PADLOCK_UP					(1 << 7)
-#define	VM_PADLOCK_REAR				(1 << 8)
-#define	VM_PADLOCK_LEFT				(1 << 9)
-#define	VM_PADLOCK_RIGHT				(1 << 10)
-#define	VM_WARPIN_ANCHOR				(1 << 11)			// special warpin camera mode
-#define VM_TOPDOWN					(1 << 12)				//Camera is looking down on ship
-#define VM_FREECAMERA				(1 << 13)				//Camera is not attached to any particular object, probably under SEXP control
-#define VM_CENTERING				(1 << 14)				// View is springing to center
+#define VM_EXTERNAL         (1 <<  0)   // Set if not viewing from player position.
+#define VM_TRACK            (1 <<  1)   // Set if viewer is tracking target.
+#define VM_DEAD_VIEW        (1 <<  2)   // Set if viewer is watching from dead view.
+#define VM_CHASE            (1 <<  3)   // Chase view.
+#define VM_OTHER_SHIP       (1 <<  4)   // View from another ship.
+#define VM_CAMERA_LOCKED    (1 <<  5)   // Set if player does not have control of the camera
+#define VM_WARP_CHASE       (1 <<  6)   // View while warping out (form normal view mode)
+#define VM_PADLOCK_UP       (1 <<  7)   // Set when player is looking up
+#define VM_PADLOCK_REAR     (1 <<  8)   // Set when player is looking behind
+#define VM_PADLOCK_LEFT     (1 <<  9)   // Set when player is looking left
+#define VM_PADLOCK_RIGHT    (1 << 10)   // Set when player is looking right
+#define VM_WARPIN_ANCHOR    (1 << 11)   // special warpin camera mode
+#define VM_TOPDOWN          (1 << 12)   // Camera is looking down on ship
+#define VM_FREECAMERA       (1 << 13)   // Camera is not attached to any particular object, probably under SEXP control
+#define VM_CENTERING        (1 << 14)   // View is springing to center

-#define	VM_PADLOCK_ANY (VM_PADLOCK_UP|VM_PADLOCK_REAR|VM_PADLOCK_LEFT|VM_PADLOCK_RIGHT)
+#define VM_PADLOCK_ANY (VM_PADLOCK_UP | VM_PADLOCK_REAR | VM_PADLOCK_LEFT | VM_PADLOCK_RIGHT)

 //-----Cutscene stuff
 //No bars
@@ -1515,6 +1515,7 @@ void hud_update_frame(float  /*frametime*/)
 	}

 	if (Player_ai->target_objnum == -1) {
+		Player->target_is_dying = -1; // according to comments elsewhere in the code, set to -1 when no target
 		hud_target_change_check();
 		return;
 	}
@@ -395,7 +395,12 @@ void HudGaugeBrackets::renderObjectBrackets(object *targetp, color *clr, int w_c
 	int bound_rc;
 	SCP_list<CJumpNode>::iterator jnp;

-	if ( Player->target_is_dying <= 0 || (Player_ai->target_objnum >= 0 && targetp != &Objects[Player_ai->target_objnum])) {
+
+	bool not_player_target = (Player_ai->target_objnum < 0 || targetp != &Objects[Player_ai->target_objnum]);
+
+
+	// target_is_dying is set to zero when the target is not dying, -1 when no target. Only 1, aka "TRUE", is invalid.
+	if ( not_player_target || Player->target_is_dying <= 0) {
 		int modelnum;

 		switch ( targetp->type ) {
@@ -475,7 +480,13 @@ void HudGaugeBrackets::renderObjectBrackets(object *targetp, color *clr, int w_c
 			int target_objnum = -1;

 			if(flags & TARGET_DISPLAY_DIST) {
-				distance = Player_ai->current_target_distance;
+				// since we can have either the target, or rogue asteroids bracketed,
+				// check which case we are in, and then do the correct distance.
+				if (not_player_target) {
+					distance = hud_find_target_distance(targetp, &Player_obj->pos);
+				} else {
+					distance = Player_ai->current_target_distance;
+				}
 			}

 			if(flags & TARGET_DISPLAY_DOTS) {
@@ -194,7 +194,8 @@ void HudGaugeLock::renderOld(float frametime)
 		return;
 	}

-	if (Player->target_is_dying) {
+	// 1 is the only value for which your target is actually dying
+	if (Player->target_is_dying == 1) {
 		return;
 	}

@@ -309,12 +309,21 @@ ship_info *sip = &Ship_info[Player_ship->ship_info_index];
 }

 void HudGaugeReticle::getFirepointStatus() {
+
+	// allow the firepoint status to be empty when a multiplayer observer
+	// this is not a bug, the observer will simply *not* have any firepoints.
+	if (Objects[Player->objnum].type == OBJ_OBSERVER) {
+		// only multiplayer instances should be getting here!
+		Assertion((Game_mode & GM_MULTIPLAYER), "Somehow FSO thinks its player object is an observer even though it's not in Multiplayer. Please report!");
+		return; 
+	}
+
 	//First, get the player ship
 	ship_info* sip;
 	ship* shipp;
 	polymodel* pm;

-	Assert(Objects[Player->objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP);
+	Assertion(Objects[Player->objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP, "HudGaugeReticle::getFirepointStatus was passed an invalid object type of %d. Please report!", Objects[Player->objnum].type);

 	if (Objects[Player->objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP) {
 		shipp = &Ships[Objects[Player->objnum].instance];
@@ -1530,6 +1530,8 @@ void hud_target_missile(object *source_obj, int next_flag)
 				continue;
 			}

+			Assertion(Objects[so->objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP, "hud_target_missile was about to call obj_team with a non-ship obejct with type %d. Please report!", Objects[so->objnum].type); 
+
 			// only allow targeting of hostile bombs
 			if (!iff_x_attacks_y(Player_ship->team, obj_team(A))) {
 				continue;
@@ -4523,6 +4525,7 @@ void HudGaugeTargetTriangle::render(float  /*frametime*/)
 	object *targetp = &Objects[Player_ai->target_objnum];

 	// draw the targeting triangle that orbits the outside of the outer circle of the reticle
+	// checking !target_is_dying is correct here, since you do not want -1 (no target) or 1(is actually dying)
 	if (!Player->target_is_dying && maybeFlashSexp() != 1) {

 		hud_set_iff_color(targetp, 1);
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ bool CFtpGet::IssuePasv()
 		return false;
 	}

-	if ( connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&dataaddr), sizeof(dataaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
+	if ( connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&dataaddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&dataaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
 		return false;
 	}

@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ int CFtpGet::ConnectControlSocket()
 	}

 	// Now we will connect to the host
-	if ( connect(m_ControlSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&m_ServerAddr), sizeof(m_ServerAddr)) ) {
+	if ( connect(m_ControlSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&m_ServerAddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&m_ServerAddr)) ) {
 		m_State = FTP_STATE_CANT_CONNECT;
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ int ChttpGet::ConnectSocket()
 	timeout.tv_sec = 0;
 	timeout.tv_usec = 0;

-	int serr = connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&hostaddr), sizeof(hostaddr));
+	int serr = connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&hostaddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&hostaddr));
 	int cerr = WSAGetLastError();
 	if (serr) {
 		// fail after 20 seconds
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ int ChttpGet::ConnectSocket()
 			if (m_Aborting)
 				return 0;

-			serr = connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&hostaddr), sizeof(hostaddr));
+			serr = connect(m_DataSock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&hostaddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&hostaddr));

 			if (serr == 0)
 				break;
@@ -1924,12 +1924,12 @@ int button_function_critical(int n, net_player *p = NULL)
 			if(at_self)
 				control_used(CYCLE_NUM_MISSLES);

-			if ( objp == Player_obj ) {
-				if ( Player_ship->weapons.num_secondary_banks <= 0 ) {
+			if ( Ships[objp->instance].weapons.num_secondary_banks <= 0 ) {
+				if ( objp == Player_obj ) {
 					HUD_sourced_printf(HUD_SOURCE_HIDDEN, "%s", XSTR( "This ship has no secondary weapons", 33));
 					gamesnd_play_iface(InterfaceSounds::GENERAL_FAIL);
-					break;
 				}
+				break;
 			}

 			polymodel *pm = model_get(Ship_info[Ships[objp->instance].ship_info_index].model_num);
@@ -642,3 +642,8 @@ fix timestamp_get_mission_time()

 	return static_cast<fix>(time / MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
 }
+
+uint64_t timestamp_get_mission_time_in_microseconds()
+{
+	return timestamp_get_microseconds() - Timestamp_microseconds_at_mission_start;
+}
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ extern int timer_get_seconds();				// seconds since program started... not accur
 constexpr int MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
 constexpr uint64_t MICROSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1000000;
 constexpr uint64_t NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND = 1000000000;
+constexpr uint64_t NANOSECONDS_PER_MICROSECOND = 1000;

 // use this call to get the current counter value (which represents the time at the time
 // this function is called).  I.e. it doesn't return a count that would be in the future,
@@ -225,5 +226,6 @@ void timestamp_start_mission();

 // Calculate the current mission time using the timestamps
 fix timestamp_get_mission_time();
+uint64_t timestamp_get_mission_time_in_microseconds();

 #endif
@@ -2070,6 +2070,7 @@ void vm_angular_move_forward_vec(const vec3d* goal_f, const matrix* orient, cons

 	// handle bank separately, simpler, since its just a target velocity
 	{
+		CLAMP(bank_vel, -vel_limit->xyz.z, vel_limit->xyz.z);
 		float delta_bank_vel = bank_vel - w_in->xyz.z;
 		float delta_bank_accel = fl_abs(delta_bank_vel) / delta_t; // the accel required to reach the target vel this frame
 		float accel = (delta_bank_accel > acc_limit->xyz.z) ? acc_limit->xyz.z : delta_bank_accel;
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "menuui/optionsmenu.h"
 #include "menuui/optionsmenumulti.h"
 #include "mission/missionbriefcommon.h"
+#include "missionui/missiondebrief.h"
 #include "missionui/missionscreencommon.h"
 #include "nebula/neb.h"
 #include "network/multi.h"
@@ -707,8 +708,13 @@ void options_button_pressed(int n)
 		case ABORT_GAME_BUTTON:
 			gamesnd_play_iface(InterfaceSounds::USER_SELECT);
 			choice = popup( PF_NO_NETWORKING | PF_BODY_BIG, 2, POPUP_NO, POPUP_YES, XSTR( "Exit Game?", 374));
-			if ( choice == 1 )
+			if ( choice == 1 ) {
+				if (gameseq_get_state(1) == GS_STATE_DEBRIEF && (Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE)) {
+					// auto-accept mission outcome before quitting
+					debrief_maybe_auto_accept();
+				}
 				gameseq_post_event(GS_EVENT_QUIT_GAME);
+			}
 			break;

 		case CONTROL_CONFIG_BUTTON:
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ void mission_campaign_store_goals_and_events()
 	int cur, i;
 	cmission *mission_obj;

-	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE))
+	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.current_mission < 0))
 		return;

 	cur = Campaign.current_mission;
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ void mission_campaign_store_variables(int persistence_type, bool store_red_alert
 	int cur, i, j;
 	cmission *mission_obj;

-	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE))
+	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.current_mission < 0))
 		return;

 	cur = Campaign.current_mission;
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ void mission_campaign_store_variables(int persistence_type, bool store_red_alert
 // jg18 - adapted from mission_campaign_store_variables()
 void mission_campaign_store_containers(ContainerType persistence_type, bool store_red_alert)
 {
-	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE))
+	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.current_mission < 0))
 		return;

 	if (!sexp_container_has_persistent_non_eternal_containers()) {
@@ -1901,7 +1901,7 @@ void mission_campaign_save_on_close_variables()
 	int i;

 	// make sure we are actually playing a single-player campaign
-	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.type != CAMPAIGN_TYPE_SINGLE))
+	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.type != CAMPAIGN_TYPE_SINGLE) || (Campaign.current_mission < 0))
 		return;

 	// now save variables
@@ -1941,7 +1941,7 @@ void mission_campaign_save_on_close_variables()
 void mission_campaign_save_on_close_containers()
 {
 	// make sure we are actually playing a single-player campaign
-	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.type != CAMPAIGN_TYPE_SINGLE))
+	if (!(Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) || (Campaign.type != CAMPAIGN_TYPE_SINGLE) || (Campaign.current_mission < 0))
 		return;

 	// now save containers
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "scripting/scripting.h"
 #include "ship/ship.h"
 #include "ship/subsysdamage.h"
+#include "sound/audiostr.h"
 #include "sound/fsspeech.h"
 #include "species_defs/species_defs.h"
 #include "utils/Random.h"
@@ -1735,7 +1736,7 @@ void message_queue_message( int message_num, int priority, int timing, const cha
 				if (message_filename_has_fs1_wingman_prefix(filename)) {
 					char converted[MAX_FILENAME_LEN];
 					message_filename_convert_to_command(converted, filename);
-					if (cf_exists_full(converted, CF_TYPE_VOICE_SPECIAL)) {
+					if (cf_exists_full_ext(converted, CF_TYPE_VOICE_SPECIAL, NUM_AUDIO_EXT, audio_ext_list)) {
 						convert_to_command = true;
 					}
 				}
@@ -6247,6 +6247,7 @@ bool post_process_mission()
 				SCP_string location_str;
 				SCP_string sexp_str;
 				SCP_string error_msg;
+				SCP_string bad_node_str;

 				// it's helpful to point out the goal/event, so do that if we can
 				int index;
@@ -6258,8 +6259,13 @@ bool post_process_mission()

 				convert_sexp_to_string(sexp_str, i, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
 				truncate_message_lines(sexp_str, 30);
+
+				stuff_sexp_text_string(bad_node_str, bad_node, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
+				if (!bad_node_str.empty()) {	// the previous function adds a space at the end
+					bad_node_str.pop_back();
+				}
 				
-				sprintf(error_msg, "%s%s.\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)\n", location_str.c_str(), sexp_error_message(result), sexp_str.c_str(), Sexp_nodes[bad_node].text);
+				sprintf(error_msg, "%s%s.\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)\n", location_str.c_str(), sexp_error_message(result), sexp_str.c_str(), bad_node_str.c_str());
 				Warning(LOCATION, "%s", error_msg.c_str());

 				// syntax errors are recoverable in Fred but not FS
@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ int Debrief_should_show_popup = 1;
 static int Debrief_skip_popup_already_shown = 0;

 void debrief_text_init();
+bool debrief_can_accept();
 void debrief_accept(int ok_to_post_start_game_event = 1);
 void debrief_kick_selected_player();

@@ -925,7 +926,7 @@ void debrief_choose_voice(char *voice_dest, size_t buf_size, char *voice_base, i
 		if (snprintf(voice_dest, buf_size, NOX("%d_%s"), persona_index, voice_base) < static_cast<int>(buf_size))
 		{
 			// if it exists, we're done
-			if (cf_exists_full(voice_dest, CF_TYPE_VOICE_DEBRIEFINGS))
+			if (cf_exists_full_ext(voice_dest, CF_TYPE_VOICE_DEBRIEFINGS, NUM_AUDIO_EXT, audio_ext_list))
 				return;
 		}

@@ -1268,12 +1269,17 @@ void debrief_assemble_optional_mission_popup_text(char *buffer, char *mission_lo
 	strcat(buffer, XSTR("\n\n\nDo you want to play the optional mission?", 1491));
 }

+bool debrief_can_accept()
+{
+	return !(/*Cheats_enabled ||*/ Turned_traitor || Must_replay_mission);
+}
+
 // what to do when the accept button is hit
 void debrief_accept(int ok_to_post_start_game_event)
 {
 	int go_loop = 0;

-	if ( (/*Cheats_enabled ||*/ Turned_traitor || Must_replay_mission) && (Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) ) {
+	if ( !debrief_can_accept() && (Game_mode & GM_CAMPAIGN_MODE) ) {
 		const char *str;
 		int z;

@@ -2556,6 +2562,13 @@ void debrief_handle_player_drop()
 	debrief_rebuild_player_list();
 }

+void debrief_maybe_auto_accept()
+{
+	if (debrief_can_accept()) {
+		debrief_accept(0);
+	}
+}
+
 void debrief_disable_accept()
 {
 }
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ void debrief_close();
 void debrief_rebuild_player_list();
 void debrief_handle_player_drop();

+void debrief_maybe_auto_accept();
 void debrief_disable_accept();
 void debrief_assemble_optional_mission_popup_text(char *buffer, char *mission_loop_desc);

@@ -885,8 +885,14 @@ void red_alert_bash_wingman_status()
 							mprintf(("Invalid ship class specified in red alert data for ship %s. Using mission defaults.\n", shipp->ship_name));
 					}

+					float max_hull;
+					if (shipp->special_hitpoints)
+						max_hull = shipp->ship_max_hull_strength;
+					else
+						max_hull = Ship_info[shipp->ship_info_index].max_hull_strength;
+
 					// restore hull (but not shields)
-					if (ras->hull >= 0.0f && ras->hull <= ship_objp->hull_strength)
+					if (ras->hull >= 0.0f && ras->hull <= max_hull)
 						ship_objp->hull_strength = ras->hull;
 					else
 						mprintf(("Invalid health in red alert data for ship %s. Using mission defaults.\n", shipp->ship_name));
@@ -979,9 +985,15 @@ void red_alert_bash_wingman_status()
 						}
 					}

+					float max_hull;
+					if (pobjp->special_hitpoints)
+						max_hull = pobjp->ship_max_hull_strength;
+					else
+						max_hull = Ship_info[pobjp->ship_class].max_hull_strength;
+
 					// restore hull (but not shields)
-					if (ras->hull >= 0.0f && ras->hull <= (pobjp->initial_hull * pobjp->ship_max_hull_strength / 100.0f))
-						pobjp->initial_hull = (int) (ras->hull * 100.0f / pobjp->ship_max_hull_strength);
+					if (ras->hull >= 0.0f && ras->hull <= max_hull)
+						pobjp->initial_hull = (int) (ras->hull * 100.0f / max_hull);
 					else
 						mprintf(("Invalid health in red alert data for ship %s. Using mission defaults.\n", pobjp->name));

@@ -2385,26 +2385,29 @@ int read_model_file(polymodel * pm, const char *filename, int n_subsystems, mode
 				int n_banks = cfread_int(fp);			// Number of turrets

 				for ( i = 0; i < n_banks; i++ ) {
-					int parent;							// The parent subobj of the turret (the gun base)
-					int physical_parent;				// The subobj that the firepoints are physically attached to (the gun barrel)
 					int n_slots;						// How many firepoints the turret has
 					model_subsystem *subsystemp;		// The actual turret subsystem

-					parent = cfread_int( fp );
-					physical_parent = cfread_int(fp);
+					int base_obj = cfread_int(fp);		// The parent subobj of the turret (the gun base)
+					int gun_obj = cfread_int(fp);       // The subobj that the firepoints are physically attached to (the gun barrel)
+					
+					if (base_obj != gun_obj && pm->submodel[gun_obj].parent != base_obj) {
+						Warning(LOCATION, "Model %s turret %s has a gun submodel that is not an immediate child object of the base", pm->filename, pm->submodel[base_obj].name);
+						gun_obj = base_obj; // fall back to singlepart handling
+					}

 					int snum=-1;
 					if ( subsystems ) {
 						for ( snum = 0; snum < n_subsystems; snum++ ) {
 							subsystemp = &subsystems[snum];

-							if ( parent == subsystemp->subobj_num ) {
+							if ( base_obj == subsystemp->subobj_num ) {
 								cfread_vector( &temp_vec, fp );
 								vm_vec_normalize_safe(&temp_vec);
 								subsystemp->turret_norm = temp_vec;

 								n_slots = cfread_int( fp );
-								subsystemp->turret_gun_sobj = physical_parent;
+								subsystemp->turret_gun_sobj = gun_obj;
 								if(n_slots > MAX_TFP) {
 									Warning(LOCATION, "Model %s has %i turret firing points on subsystem %s, maximum is %i", pm->filename, n_slots, subsystemp->name, MAX_TFP);
 								}
@@ -2423,8 +2426,8 @@ int read_model_file(polymodel * pm, const char *filename, int n_subsystems, mode
 								subsystemp->turret_num_firing_points = n_slots;

 								// copy the subsystem index that the gun base submodel should have at this point
-								Assertion(pm->submodel[parent].subsys_num >= 0, "Turret gun base should have a subsystem index!");
-								pm->submodel[physical_parent].subsys_num = pm->submodel[parent].subsys_num;
+								Assertion(pm->submodel[base_obj].subsys_num >= 0, "Turret gun base should have a subsystem index!");
+								pm->submodel[gun_obj].subsys_num = pm->submodel[base_obj].subsys_num;

 								break;
 							}
@@ -2434,7 +2437,7 @@ int read_model_file(polymodel * pm, const char *filename, int n_subsystems, mode
 					if ( (n_subsystems == 0) || (snum == n_subsystems) ) {
 						vec3d bogus;

-						nprintf(("Warning", "Turret submodel %i not found for turret %i in model %s\n", parent, i, pm->filename));
+						nprintf(("Warning", "Turret submodel %i not found for turret %i in model %s\n", base_obj, i, pm->filename));
 						cfread_vector( &bogus, fp );
 						n_slots = cfread_int( fp );
 						for (j = 0; j < n_slots; j++ )
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ int ConnectToChatServer(char *serveraddr, char *nickname, char *trackerid)
 			return -1;
 		}
 		
-		if (SOCKET_ERROR==bind(Chatsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&Chataddr), sizeof(Chataddr)))
+		if (SOCKET_ERROR==bind(Chatsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&Chataddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&Chataddr)))
 		{
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ int ConnectToChatServer(char *serveraddr, char *nickname, char *trackerid)
 			return -2;
 		}

-		if(SOCKET_ERROR == connect(Chatsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&Chataddr), sizeof(Chataddr)))
+		if(SOCKET_ERROR == connect(Chatsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&Chataddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&Chataddr)))
 		{
 			if(WSAEWOULDBLOCK == WSAGetLastError())
 			{
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ void multi_ingame_send_ship_update(net_player *p)
 	// go through the list and send all ships which are mark as OF_COULD_BE_PLAYER
 	while(moveup!=END_OF_LIST(&Ship_obj_list)){
 		//Make sure the object can be a player and is on the same team as this guy
-		if(Objects[moveup->objnum].flags[Object::Object_Flags::Could_be_player] && obj_team(&Objects[moveup->objnum]) == p->p_info.team){
+		if(Objects[moveup->objnum].flags[Object::Object_Flags::Could_be_player] && Objects[moveup->objnum].type == OBJ_SHIP && obj_team(&Objects[moveup->objnum]) == p->p_info.team){
 			// send the update
 			send_ingame_ship_update_packet(p,&Ships[Objects[moveup->objnum].instance]);
 		}
@@ -1368,9 +1368,10 @@ int multi_oo_pack_data(net_player *pl, object *objp, ushort oo_flags, ubyte *dat

 			// Check that we are not sending too much data, if so, don't actually send.
 			if (packet_size + ret <= OO_MAX_DATA_SIZE) {
-				nprintf(("Network","Had to remove subsystems section from data packet for %s\n", shipp->ship_name));
 				oo_flags |= OO_SUBSYSTEMS_NEW;		
 				packet_size += ret;
+			} else {
+				nprintf(("Network","Had to remove subsystems section from data packet for %s\n", shipp->ship_name));
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -332,8 +332,14 @@ int SENDTO(SOCKET s, char * buf, int len, int flags, SOCKADDR *to, int tolen, in
 	outbuf[0] = static_cast<char>(psnet_type);
 	memcpy(&outbuf[1], buf, static_cast<size_t>(len));

+	SOCKLEN_T addrlen = tolen;
+
+	if (addrlen == sizeof(SOCKADDR_STORAGE)) {
+		addrlen = psnet_get_sockaddr_len(reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR_STORAGE*>(to));
+	}
+
 	// send it
-	return static_cast<int>( sendto(s, outbuf, len + 1, flags, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(to), tolen) );
+	return static_cast<int>( sendto(s, outbuf, len + 1, flags, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(to), addrlen) );
 }

 /**
@@ -547,7 +553,7 @@ bool psnet_init_my_addr()
 				continue;
 			}

-			rval = connect(tsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&remote_addr), sizeof(remote_addr));
+			rval = connect(tsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&remote_addr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&remote_addr));

 			if (rval) {
 				continue;
@@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ bool psnet_init_my_addr()
 				continue;
 			}

-			rval = connect(tsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&remote_addr), sizeof(remote_addr));
+			rval = connect(tsock, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&remote_addr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&remote_addr));

 			if (rval) {
 				continue;
@@ -919,6 +925,25 @@ static void psnet_sockaddr_storage_to_in6(const SOCKADDR_STORAGE *addr, SOCKADDR
 	}
 }

+/**
+ * @brief Helper to get the exact length of a specific protocol struct from
+ *        a generic storage struct
+ *
+ * @param addr
+ * @return SOCKLEN_T
+ */
+SOCKLEN_T psnet_get_sockaddr_len(const SOCKADDR_STORAGE *addr)
+{
+	// internally we should always use IPv6, but cover the bases
+	if (addr->ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+		return static_cast<SOCKLEN_T>(sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN6));
+	} else if (addr->ss_family == AF_INET) {
+		return static_cast<SOCKLEN_T>(sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
+	} else {
+		return static_cast<SOCKLEN_T>(sizeof(SOCKADDR_STORAGE));
+	}
+}
+
 /**
 * Helper to map IPv4 to IPv6
 */
@@ -1126,6 +1151,11 @@ bool psnet_get_addr(const char *host, const char *port, SOCKADDR_STORAGE *addr,
 	SOCKADDR_IN6 si4to6;
 	int rval;

+	if (addr) {
+		// by the spec, sockaddr_in6 must be zero'd, so just do that always
+		memset(addr, 0, sizeof(*addr));
+	}
+
 	memset(&si4to6, 0, sizeof(si4to6));

 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
@@ -2317,9 +2347,12 @@ bool psnet_init_socket()
 	psnet_set_socket_options();

 	// bind the socket
-	psnet_get_addr(nullptr, Psnet_default_port, &sockaddr);
+	if ( !psnet_get_addr(nullptr, Psnet_default_port, &sockaddr) ) {
+		ml_printf("Failed to get bind addr!");
+		return false;
+	}

-	if ( bind(Psnet_socket, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&sockaddr), sizeof(sockaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
+	if ( bind(Psnet_socket, reinterpret_cast<LPSOCKADDR>(&sockaddr), psnet_get_sockaddr_len(&sockaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
 		Psnet_failure_code = WSAGetLastError();

 		if (Psnet_failure_code == WSAEADDRINUSE) {
@@ -178,6 +178,9 @@ bool psnet_get_addr(const char *host, uint16_t port, SOCKADDR_STORAGE *addr, int
 #define ADDR_FLAG_NUMERIC_SERVICE	(1<<0)
 #define ADDR_FLAG_PREFER_IPV4		(1<<1)

+// get protocol struct length from generic storage struct
+SOCKLEN_T psnet_get_sockaddr_len(const SOCKADDR_STORAGE *addr);
+
 // map an IPv4 address to IPv6
 void psnet_map4to6(const in_addr *in4, in6_addr *in6);

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ static char			szWinTitle[128];
 static char			szWinClass[128];
 static int			Os_inited = 0;

-static SCP_vector<SDL_Event> buffered_events;
+static SCP_vector<SDL_Event> deferred_events;

 int Os_debugger_running = 0;

@@ -713,11 +713,11 @@ namespace os
 	}
 }
 	
-void os_ignore_events() {
+void os_defer_events_on_load_screen() {
 	SDL_Event event;
 	while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
-		// Add event to buffer
-		buffered_events.push_back(event);
+		// Add event to be handled later
+		deferred_events.push_back(event);
 	}
 }

@@ -745,14 +745,28 @@ static void handle_sdl_event(const SDL_Event& event) {
 	}
 }

+void os_remove_deferred_cutscene_key_events() {
+	deferred_events.erase(
+		std::remove_if(deferred_events.begin(), deferred_events.end(), [](const SDL_Event &event)
+		{
+			return (event.type == SDL_KEYUP) && (
+				event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_KP_ENTER ||
+				event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RETURN ||
+				event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE
+			);
+		}),
+		deferred_events.end()
+	);
+}
+
 void os_poll()
 {
-	// Replay the buffered events
-	auto end = buffered_events.end();
-	for (auto it = buffered_events.begin(); it != end; ++it) {
+	// Replay the deferred events
+	auto end = deferred_events.end();
+	for (auto it = deferred_events.begin(); it != end; ++it) {
 		handle_sdl_event(*it);
 	}
-	buffered_events.clear();
+	deferred_events.clear();

 	SDL_Event event;

@@ -64,9 +64,12 @@ int os_foreground();
 // process management --------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
- * @brief Removes all pending events and ignores them
+ * @brief Defers all pending events to be handled later
 */
-void os_ignore_events();
+void os_defer_events_on_load_screen();
+
+// removes key events that may unintentionally skip the cutscene
+void os_remove_deferred_cutscene_key_events();

 // call to process windows messages. only does something in non THREADED mode
 void os_poll();
@@ -25,11 +25,20 @@
 #include "cfile/cfilesystem.h"
 #include "parse/parselo.h"

+static const char *FILTERS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT[] =
+{
+	"error",
+	"warning",
+	"general",
+	"scripting"
+};
+
 struct outwnd_filter_struct {
 	char name[NAME_LENGTH];
 	bool enabled;
 };

+// This technique is necessary to avoid a crash in FRED.  See commit e624f6c1.
 static SCP_vector<outwnd_filter_struct>& filter_vector()
 {
 	static SCP_vector<outwnd_filter_struct> vec;
@@ -58,7 +67,16 @@ void load_filter_info()
 	FILE* fp;
 	char pathname[MAX_PATH_LEN];
 	char inbuf[NAME_LENGTH + 4];
-	outwnd_filter_struct new_filter;
+	outwnd_filter_struct* filter_ptr;
+
+	// add default-enabled filters
+	for (const char *name : FILTERS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT) {
+		filter_vector().emplace_back();
+		filter_ptr = &filter_vector().back();
+
+		strcpy_s(filter_ptr->name, name);
+		filter_ptr->enabled = true;
+	}

 	outwnd_filter_loaded = 1;

@@ -69,30 +87,18 @@ void load_filter_info()

 	if (!fp) {
 		Outwnd_no_filter_file = 1;
-
-		strcpy_s( new_filter.name, "error" );
-		new_filter.enabled = true;
-		filter_vector().push_back( new_filter );
-
-		strcpy_s( new_filter.name, "general" );
-		new_filter.enabled = true;
-		filter_vector().push_back( new_filter );
-
-		strcpy_s( new_filter.name, "warning" );
-		new_filter.enabled = true;
-		filter_vector().push_back( new_filter );
-
 		return;
 	}

 	Outwnd_no_filter_file = 0;

 	while ( fgets(inbuf, NAME_LENGTH+3, fp) ) {
+		bool enabled;

 		if (*inbuf == '+')
-			new_filter.enabled = true;
+			enabled = true;
 		else if (*inbuf == '-')
-			new_filter.enabled = false;
+			enabled = false;
 		else
 			continue;	// skip everything else

@@ -101,17 +107,24 @@ void load_filter_info()
 			inbuf[z] = 0;

 		Assert( strlen(inbuf+1) < NAME_LENGTH );
-		strcpy_s(new_filter.name, inbuf + 1);
+		const char *name = &inbuf[1];

-		if ( !stricmp(new_filter.name, "error") ) {
-			new_filter.enabled = true;
-		} else if ( !stricmp(new_filter.name, "general") ) {
-			new_filter.enabled = true;
-		} else if ( !stricmp(new_filter.name, "warning") ) {
-			new_filter.enabled = true;
+		// find it, or create it
+		filter_ptr = nullptr;
+		for (auto &filter : filter_vector()) {
+			if (!stricmp(filter.name, name)) {
+				filter_ptr = &filter;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (filter_ptr == nullptr) {
+			filter_vector().emplace_back();
+			filter_ptr = &filter_vector().back();
+			strcpy_s(filter_ptr->name, name);
 		}

-		filter_vector().push_back( new_filter );
+		// set it as enabled or not, depending on config
+		filter_ptr->enabled = enabled;
 	}

 	if ( ferror(fp) && !feof(fp) )
@@ -991,8 +991,12 @@ bool ship_class_unchanged(const ship_registry_entry *ship_entry);
 void multi_sexp_modify_variable();

 // jg18
-// container_value_index is for using one specific value from acontainer
+// container_value_index is for using one specific value from a container
 int copy_node_to_replacement_args(int node, int container_value_index = -1);
+// checks whether the node's value can change over the course of the mission
+bool is_node_value_dynamic(int node);
+// returns 0 on success or a SEXP_CHECK_* value on failure
+int check_dynamic_value_node_type(int node, bool is_string, bool is_number);

 #define NO_OPERATOR_INDEX_DEFINED		-2
 #define NOT_A_SEXP_OPERATOR				-1
@@ -2121,6 +2125,12 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i

 		} else if (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA) {
 			// this is an instance of "Replace Container Data"
+
+			// can't be used in special argument list
+			if (type == OPF_ANYTHING || type == OPF_DATA_OR_STR_CONTAINER) {
+				return SEXP_CHECK_TYPE_MISMATCH;
+			}
+
 			const int modifier_node = Sexp_nodes[node].first;
 			if (modifier_node == -1) {
 				return SEXP_CHECK_MISSING_CONTAINER_MODIFIER;
@@ -2464,9 +2474,16 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i
 				}
 				Assert(ship_node >= 0);

-				// we can't check special-arg ships
-				if (Sexp_nodes[ship_node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE)
-					break;
+				if (is_node_value_dynamic(ship_node)) {
+					const int dyn_val_check = check_dynamic_value_node_type(ship_node, true, false);
+					if (dyn_val_check) {
+						return dyn_val_check;
+					} else {
+						// since the value changes at runtime
+						// we can check only the type
+						break;
+					}
+				}

 				auto shipname = CTEXT(ship_node);
 				shipnum = ship_name_lookup(shipname, 1);
@@ -2551,9 +2568,16 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i

 				ship_node = CDR(op_node);

-				// we can't check special-arg ships
-				if (Sexp_nodes[ship_node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE)
-					break;
+				if (is_node_value_dynamic(ship_node)) {
+					const int dyn_val_check = check_dynamic_value_node_type(ship_node, true, false);
+					if (dyn_val_check) {
+						return dyn_val_check;
+					} else {
+						// since the value changes at runtime
+						// we can check only the type
+						break;
+					}
+				}

 				auto shipname = CTEXT(ship_node);
 				shipnum = ship_name_lookup(shipname, 1);
@@ -2920,9 +2944,16 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i
 					auto ship_node = Sexp_nodes[op_node].rest;
 					Assert(ship_node >= 0);

-					// we can't check special-arg ships
-					if (Sexp_nodes[ship_node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE)
-						break;
+					if (is_node_value_dynamic(ship_node)) {
+						const int dyn_val_check = check_dynamic_value_node_type(ship_node, true, false);
+						if (dyn_val_check) {
+							return dyn_val_check;
+						} else {
+							// since the value changes at runtime
+							// we can check only the type
+							break;
+						}
+					}

 					ship_num = ship_name_lookup(CTEXT(ship_node), 1);	// Goober5000 - include players
 					if (ship_num < 0) {
@@ -3060,9 +3091,16 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i
 					z = Sexp_nodes[z].rest;  // first argument of operator should be mission name
 					Assert(z >= 0);

-					// can't check special-arg
-					if (Sexp_nodes[z].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE)
-						break;
+					if (is_node_value_dynamic(z)) {
+						const int dyn_val_check = check_dynamic_value_node_type(z, true, false);
+						if (dyn_val_check) {
+							return dyn_val_check;
+						} else {
+							// since the value changes at runtime
+							// we can check only the type
+							break;
+						}
+					}

 					// look for mission
 					count = count_items_with_name(CTEXT(z), Campaign.missions, Campaign.num_missions);
@@ -3145,9 +3183,16 @@ int check_sexp_syntax(int node, int return_type, int recursive, int *bad_node, i
 					}
 					Assert(ship_node >= 0);

-					// can't check special-arg
-					if (Sexp_nodes[ship_node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE)
-						break;
+					if (is_node_value_dynamic(ship_node)) {
+						const int dyn_val_check = check_dynamic_value_node_type(ship_node, true, false);
+						if (dyn_val_check) {
+							return dyn_val_check;
+						} else {
+							// since the value changes at runtime
+							// we can check only the type
+							break;
+						}
+					}

 					// look for the ship that has this dockpoint
 					ship_num = ship_name_lookup(CTEXT(ship_node), 1);
@@ -4506,36 +4551,23 @@ void stuff_sexp_text_string(SCP_string &dest, int node, int mode)
 		Assertion(sexp_variables_index != -1, "Couldn't find variable: %s\n", Sexp_nodes[node].text);
 		Assert((Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_NUMBER) || (Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_STRING));

-		// Error check - can be Fred or FreeSpace
-		if (mode == SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE)
+		auto var_name = (Fred_running) ? Sexp_nodes[node].text : Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].variable_name;
+		auto var_contents = Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].text;
+
+		// number
+		if (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_NUMBER)
 		{
-			if (Fred_running)
-				sprintf(dest, "@%s[%s] ", Sexp_nodes[node].text, Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].text);
-			else
-				sprintf(dest, "@%s[%s] ", Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].variable_name, Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].text);
+			Assert(Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_NUMBER);
+			sprintf(dest, "@%s[%s] ", var_name, var_contents);
+		}
+		// string
+		else if (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_STRING)
+		{
+			Assert(Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_STRING);
+			sprintf(dest, "\"@%s[%s]\" ", var_name, var_contents);
 		}
 		else
-		{
-			// number
-			if (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_NUMBER)
-			{
-				Assert(Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_NUMBER);
-
-				// Save as string - only Fred
-				Assert(mode == SEXP_SAVE_MODE);
-				sprintf(dest, "@%s[%s] ", Sexp_nodes[node].text, Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].text);
-			}
-			// string
-			else
-			{
-				Assert(Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_STRING);
-				Assert(Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].type & SEXP_VARIABLE_STRING);
-
-				// Save as string - only Fred
-				Assert(mode == SEXP_SAVE_MODE);
-				sprintf(dest, "\"@%s[%s]\" ", Sexp_nodes[node].text, Sexp_variables[sexp_variables_index].text);
-			}
-		}
+			UNREACHABLE("SEXP variable nodes must be SEXP_ATOM_NUMBER or SEXP_ATOM_STRING!");
 	}
 	// not a variable
 	else
@@ -4917,8 +4949,8 @@ const ship_registry_entry *eval_ship(int node)
 	auto ship_it = Ship_registry_map.find(CTEXT(node));
 	if (ship_it != Ship_registry_map.end())
 	{
-		// cache the value, unless this node is a variable or argument because the value may change
-		if (!(Sexp_nodes[node].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) && !(Sexp_nodes[node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE))
+		// cache the value if it can't change later
+		if (!is_node_value_dynamic(node))
 			Sexp_nodes[node].cache = new sexp_cached_data(OPF_SHIP, -1, ship_it->second);

 		return &Ship_registry[ship_it->second];
@@ -4960,8 +4992,8 @@ wing *eval_wing(int node)
 	{
 		auto wingp = &Wings[wing_num];

-		// cache the value, unless this node is a variable or argument because the value may change
-		if (!(Sexp_nodes[node].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) && !(Sexp_nodes[node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE))
+		// cache the value if it can't change later
+		if (!is_node_value_dynamic(node))
 			Sexp_nodes[node].cache = new sexp_cached_data(OPF_WING, wingp);

 		return wingp;
@@ -5002,10 +5034,8 @@ int sexp_atoi(int node)

 	int num = atoi(CTEXT(node));

-	// cache the value, unless this node is a variable, argument, or container data, because the value may change
-	if (!(Sexp_nodes[node].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) &&
-		!(Sexp_nodes[node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE) &&
-		(Sexp_nodes[node].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA))
+	// cache the value if it can't change later
+	if (!is_node_value_dynamic(node))
 		Sexp_nodes[node].cache = new sexp_cached_data(OPF_NUMBER, num, -1);

 	return num;
@@ -11005,6 +11035,13 @@ void sexp_change_argument_validity(int n, bool invalidate)
 		// first we must check if the arg_handler marks a selection. At the moment random-of is the only one that does this
 		arg_n = CDR(arg_handler);
 		while (invalidate && (arg_n != -1)) {
+			Assertion(Sexp_nodes[arg_n].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_NAME,
+				"Attempt to use invalidate-argument with container %s. Please report!",
+				Sexp_nodes[arg_n].text);
+			Assertion(Sexp_nodes[arg_n].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA,
+				"Attempt to use invalidate-argument with data from container %s. Please report!",
+				Sexp_nodes[arg_n].text);
+
 			if (Sexp_nodes[arg_n].flags & SNF_ARGUMENT_SELECT) {
 				// now check if the selected argument matches the one we want to invalidate
 				if (!strcmp(CTEXT(n), CTEXT(arg_n))) {
@@ -11023,6 +11060,13 @@ void sexp_change_argument_validity(int n, bool invalidate)
 			arg_n = CDR(arg_handler);
 			while (arg_n != -1)
 			{
+				Assertion(Sexp_nodes[arg_n].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_NAME,
+					"Attempt to change argument validity of container %s. Please report!",
+					Sexp_nodes[arg_n].text);
+				Assertion(Sexp_nodes[arg_n].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA,
+					"Attempt to change argument validity of data from container %s. Please report!",
+					Sexp_nodes[arg_n].text);
+
 				// match?
 				if (!strcmp(CTEXT(n), CTEXT(arg_n)))
 				{
@@ -11802,7 +11846,7 @@ void sexp_clear_goals(int n)
 		if (ship_entry)
 		{
 			if (ship_entry->status != ShipStatus::PRESENT)
-				return;										// ship not around anymore???? then forget it!
+				continue;										// ship not around anymore???? then forget it!

 			ai_clear_ship_goals(&(Ai_info[ship_entry->shipp->ai_index]));
 			continue;
@@ -11812,7 +11856,7 @@ void sexp_clear_goals(int n)
 		if (wingp)
 		{
 			if (wingp->flags[Ship::Wing_Flags::Gone])
-				return;										// wing not around anymore???? then forget it!
+				continue;										// wing not around anymore???? then forget it!

 			ai_clear_wing_goals(wingp);
 		}
@@ -12184,6 +12228,11 @@ void multi_sexp_hud_display_gauge()
 void sexp_player_use_ai(int flag)
 {
 	Player_use_ai = flag ? 1 : 0;
+
+	if (!flag) {
+		Player_ai->ai_override_flags.reset();
+		Player_obj->phys_info.flags &= ~PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP;
+	}
 }

 // Karajorma
@@ -13353,7 +13402,8 @@ void sexp_send_one_message( const char *name, const char *who_from, const char *
 	} else if ( !stricmp(who_from, "<none>") ) {
 		source = MESSAGE_SOURCE_NONE;
 	} else {
-		Assertion(false, "Curious... all message sources should have been covered");
+		Warning(LOCATION, "Invalid message source '%s'.  Unable to send message.", who_from);
+		return;
 	}

 	if ( ship_index == -1 ){
@@ -22068,8 +22118,8 @@ int sexp_string_to_int(int n)

 	int num = atoi(buf);

-	// cache the value, unless this node is a variable or argument because the value may change
-	if (!(Sexp_nodes[n].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) && !(Sexp_nodes[n].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE))
+	// cache the value if it can't change later
+	if (!is_node_value_dynamic(n))
 		Sexp_nodes[n].cache = new sexp_cached_data(OPF_NUMBER, num, -1);

 	return num;
@@ -31348,6 +31398,9 @@ const char *sexp_error_message(int num)
 		case SEXP_CHECK_WRONG_CONTAINER_DATA_TYPE:
 			return "Wrong container data type";

+		case SEXP_CHECK_INVALID_SPECIAL_ARG_TYPE:
+			return "Invalid special argument type";
+
 		default:
 			Warning(LOCATION, "Unhandled sexp error code %d!", num);
 			return "Unhandled sexp error code!";
@@ -31678,6 +31731,47 @@ int copy_node_to_replacement_args(int node, int container_value_index)
 	return num_args;
 }

+bool is_node_value_dynamic(int node)
+{
+	Assertion(node >= 0, "Attempt to check whether a non-existent node has a dynamic value. Please report!");
+
+	return (Sexp_nodes[node].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) || (Sexp_nodes[node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE) ||
+		   (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA);
+}
+
+int check_dynamic_value_node_type(int node, bool is_string, bool is_number)
+{
+	Assertion(is_node_value_dynamic(node),
+		"Attempt to check dynamic value type of a node that isn't a dynamic value. Please report!");
+
+	if (Sexp_nodes[node].type & SEXP_FLAG_VARIABLE) {
+		const int var_index = sexp_get_variable_index(node);
+		Assertion(var_index != -1,
+			"Attempt to get index of invalid variable %s. Please report!",
+			Sexp_nodes[node].text);
+		const int var_type = Sexp_variables[var_index].type;
+		if (((var_type & SEXP_VARIABLE_STRING) && !is_string) || ((var_type & SEXP_VARIABLE_NUMBER) && !is_number)) {
+			return SEXP_CHECK_INVALID_VARIABLE_TYPE;
+		}
+	} else if (Sexp_nodes[node].flags & SNF_SPECIAL_ARG_IN_NODE) {
+		if (((Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_STRING) && !is_string) ||
+			((Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_NUMBER) && !is_number)) {
+			return SEXP_CHECK_INVALID_SPECIAL_ARG_TYPE;
+		}
+	} else if (Sexp_nodes[node].subtype == SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_DATA) {
+		const auto *p_container = get_sexp_container(Sexp_nodes[node].text);
+		Assertion(p_container,
+			"Attempt to check dynamic value node type of data of nonexistent container %s. Please report!",
+			Sexp_nodes[node].text);
+		if (!check_container_data_sexp_arg_type(p_container->type, is_string, is_number)) {
+			return SEXP_CHECK_WRONG_CONTAINER_DATA_TYPE;
+		}
+	} else {
+		UNREACHABLE("Unhandled dynamic value node %s. Please report!", Sexp_nodes[node].text);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}

 void sexp_modify_variable(int n)
 {
@@ -32224,6 +32318,21 @@ int get_category(int sexp_id)
 	return category;
 }

+// Goober5000
+const char *get_category_name(int category_id)
+{
+	if (category_id == OP_CATEGORY_CHANGE2)
+		category_id = OP_CATEGORY_CHANGE;
+
+	for (auto &category : op_menu)
+	{
+		if (category.id == category_id)
+			return category.name.c_str();
+	}
+
+	return "<unknown>";
+}
+
 // Goober5000
 int category_of_subcategory(int subcategory_id)
 {
@@ -33818,7 +33927,8 @@ SCP_vector<sexp_help_struct> Sexp_help = {
 	// Goober5000
 	{ OP_INVALIDATE_ARGUMENT, "Invalidate-argument (Conditional operator)\r\n"
 		"\tRemoves an argument from future consideration as a " SEXP_ARGUMENT_STRING " special data item.\r\n"
-		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, the retrieved arguments can't be individually invalidated.\r\n\r\n"
+		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, the retrieved arguments can't be individually invalidated.\r\n"
+		"\tAdditionally, you can't invalidate individual container arguments.\r\n\r\n"
 		"Takes 1 or more arguments...\r\n"
 		"\tAll:\tThe argument to remove from the preceding argument list." },

@@ -33826,19 +33936,22 @@ SCP_vector<sexp_help_struct> Sexp_help = {
 	{ OP_VALIDATE_ARGUMENT, "Validate-argument (Conditional operator)\r\n"
 		"\tRestores an argument for future consideration as a " SEXP_ARGUMENT_STRING " special data item.\r\n"
 		"\tIf the argument hasn't been previously invalidated, it will do nothing.\r\n"
-		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, the retrieved arguments can't be individually validated.\r\n\r\n"
+		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, the retrieved arguments can't be individually validated.\r\n"
+		"\tAdditionally, you can't validate individual container arguments.\r\n\r\n"
 		"Takes 1 or more arguments...\r\n"
 		"\tAll:\tThe argument to restore to the preceding argument list." },

 	// Karajorma
 	{ OP_INVALIDATE_ALL_ARGUMENTS, "Invalidate-all-arguments (Conditional operator)\r\n"
 		"\tRemoves all argument from future consideration as " SEXP_ARGUMENT_STRING " special data items.\r\n"
+		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, container arguments will also be invalidated, but they can't be indvidiually validated.\r\n\r\n"
 		"Takes no arguments." },

 	// Karajorma
 	{ OP_VALIDATE_ALL_ARGUMENTS, "Validate-all-arguments (Conditional operator)\r\n"
 		"\tRestores all arguments for future consideration as " SEXP_ARGUMENT_STRING " special data items.\r\n"
 		"\tIf the argument hasn't been previously invalidated, it will do nothing.\r\n"
+		"\tFor argument-related SEXPs that accept containers as arguments, container arguments will also be validated, but they can't be indvidiually invalidated.\r\n\r\n"
 		"Takes no arguments." },

 	// Goober5000 - added wing capability
@@ -1117,6 +1117,7 @@ const char *CTEXT(int n);
 #define SEXP_CHECK_WRONG_CONTAINER_TYPE			-170
 #define SEXP_CHECK_INVALID_ANIMATION			-171
 #define SEXP_CHECK_WRONG_CONTAINER_DATA_TYPE	-172
+#define SEXP_CHECK_INVALID_SPECIAL_ARG_TYPE		-173


 #define TRAINING_CONTEXT_SPEED		(1<<0)
@@ -1296,6 +1297,7 @@ extern int query_operator_argument_type(int op, int argnum);
 extern void update_sexp_references(const char *old_name, const char *new_name);
 extern void update_sexp_references(const char *old_name, const char *new_name, int format);
 extern int query_referenced_in_sexp(int mode, const char *name, int *node);
+extern void stuff_sexp_text_string(SCP_string &dest, int node, int mode);
 extern int build_sexp_string(SCP_string &accumulator, int cur_node, int level, int mode);
 extern int sexp_query_type_match(int opf, int opr);
 extern bool sexp_recoverable_error(int num);
@@ -1357,6 +1359,7 @@ void set_turret_secondary_ammo(ship_subsys *turret, int requested_bank, int requ
 extern int get_category(int sexp_id);
 extern int category_of_subcategory(int subcategory_id);
 extern int get_subcategory(int sexp_id);
+extern const char *get_category_name(int category_id);

 // Goober5000
 extern void sexp_music_close();
@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@ void parse_sexp_table(const char* filename) {
 				luaSexp->parseTable();

 				int op = add_dynamic_sexp(std::move(instance), SEXP_GOAL_OPERATOR);
-				luaSexp->registerAIMode(op);
-				luaSexp->maybeRegisterPlayerOrder(op);
+				if (op >= 0) {
+					luaSexp->registerAIMode(op);
+					luaSexp->maybeRegisterPlayerOrder(op);
+				}
 			}
 			required_string("#End");
 		}
@@ -177,8 +179,19 @@ int add_dynamic_sexp(std::unique_ptr<DynamicSEXP>&& sexp, int type)
 	new_op.min = sexp->getMinimumArguments();
 	new_op.max = sexp->getMaximumArguments();

+	int free_op_index = get_next_free_operator(sexp->getCategory());
+	if (free_op_index >= 256) {
+		Warning(LOCATION, "There are too many SEXPs in the %s category.  The SEXP %s will not be added.", get_category_name(sexp->getCategory()), sexp->getName().c_str());
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (Operators.size() >= FIRST_OP) {
+		Warning(LOCATION, "There are too many total SEXPs.  The SEXP %s will not be added.", sexp->getName().c_str());
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	// For now, all dynamic SEXPS are only valid in missions
-	new_op.value = get_next_free_operator(sexp->getCategory()) | sexp->getCategory() | OP_NONCAMPAIGN_FLAG;
+	new_op.value = free_op_index | sexp->getCategory() | OP_NONCAMPAIGN_FLAG;
 	new_op.type = type;

 	global.operator_const_mapping.insert(std::make_pair(new_op.value, std::move(sexp)));
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void physics_sim_rot(matrix * orient, physics_info * pi, float sim_time )
 			shock_amplitude = pi->shockwave_shake_amp * shock_fraction_time_left;
 		}
 	}
-	else if (pi->flags & PF_NO_DAMP) {
+	else if (pi->flags & PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP) {
 		rotdamp = 0.0f;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ void physics_sim_vel(vec3d * position, physics_info * pi, float sim_time, matrix
 		}
 	}
 	// no damping at all
-	else if (pi->flags & PF_NO_DAMP) {
+	else if (pi->flags & PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP) {
 		damp = vmd_zero_vector;
 	}
 	// newtonian
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 #define PF_GLIDING				(1 << 14)
 #define PF_FORCE_GLIDE			(1 << 15)
 #define PF_NEWTONIAN_DAMP		(1 << 16)	// SUSHI: Whether or not to use newtonian dampening
-#define PF_NO_DAMP				(1 << 17)	// Goober5000 - don't damp velocity changes in physics; used for instantaneous acceleration
+#define PF_MANEUVER_NO_DAMP				(1 << 17)	// Goober5000 - don't damp velocity changes in physics; used for instantaneous acceleration

 //information for physics sim for an object
 typedef struct physics_info {
@@ -1134,11 +1134,20 @@ void pilotfile::csg_write_variables()

 void pilotfile::csg_read_settings()
 {
+	clamped_range_warnings.clear();
 	// sound/voice/music
 	if (!Using_in_game_options) {
-		snd_set_effects_volume(cfread_float(cfp));
-		event_music_set_volume(cfread_float(cfp));
-		snd_set_voice_volume(cfread_float(cfp));
+		float temp_volume = cfread_float(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Effects Volume");
+		snd_set_effects_volume(temp_volume);
+
+		temp_volume = cfread_float(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Music Volume");
+		event_music_set_volume(temp_volume);
+
+		temp_volume = cfread_float(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Voice Volume");
+		snd_set_voice_volume(temp_volume);

 		Briefing_voice_enabled = cfread_int(cfp) != 0;
 	} else {
@@ -1154,13 +1163,20 @@ void pilotfile::csg_read_settings()

 	// skill level
 	Game_skill_level = cfread_int(cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Game_skill_level, 0, 4, "Game Skill Level");

 	// input options
 	if (!Using_in_game_options) {
 		Use_mouse_to_fly   = cfread_int(cfp) != 0;
 		Mouse_sensitivity  = cfread_int(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Mouse_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Mouse Sensitivity");
+
 		Joy_sensitivity    = cfread_int(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Joystick Sensitivity");
+
 		Joy_dead_zone_size = cfread_int(cfp);
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_dead_zone_size, 0, 45, "Joystick Deadzone");
+
 	} else {
 		// The values are set by the in-game menu but we still need to read the int from the file to maintain the correct offset
 		cfread_int(cfp);
@@ -1184,28 +1200,44 @@ void pilotfile::csg_read_settings()
 		dummy = cfread_int(cfp);
 		dummy = cfread_int(cfp);
 	}
+	if (!clamped_range_warnings.empty()) {
+		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "The following values in the campaign save file were out of bounds and were automatically reset:\n%s\nPlease check your settings!\n", clamped_range_warnings.c_str());
+		clamped_range_warnings.clear();
+	}
 }

 void pilotfile::csg_write_settings()
 {
 	startSection(Section::Settings);
+	clamped_range_warnings.clear();

 	// sound/voice/music
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_sound_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Effects Volume");
 	cfwrite_float(Master_sound_volume, cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_event_music_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Music Volume");
 	cfwrite_float(Master_event_music_volume, cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_voice_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Voice Volume");
 	cfwrite_float(Master_voice_volume, cfp);

 	cfwrite_int(Briefing_voice_enabled ? 1 : 0, cfp);

 	// skill level
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Game_skill_level, 0, 4, "Game Skill Level");
 	cfwrite_int(Game_skill_level, cfp);

 	// input options
 	cfwrite_int(Use_mouse_to_fly, cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Mouse_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Mouse Sensitivity");
 	cfwrite_int(Mouse_sensitivity, cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Joystick Sensitivity");
 	cfwrite_int(Joy_sensitivity, cfp);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_dead_zone_size, 0, 45, "Joystick Deadzone");
 	cfwrite_int(Joy_dead_zone_size, cfp);

+	if (!clamped_range_warnings.empty()) {
+		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "The following values were out of bounds when saving the campaign file and were automatically reset.\n%s\nThis shouldn't be possible, please contact the FreeSpace 2 Open Source Code Project!\n", clamped_range_warnings.c_str());
+		clamped_range_warnings.clear();
+	}
 	endSection();
 }

@@ -157,6 +157,17 @@ class pilotfile {
 		// file offset of the size value for the current section (set with startSection())
 		size_t m_size_offset;

+		SCP_string clamped_range_warnings = "";
+
+		template <typename T> void clamp_value_with_warn(T* value, T min, T max, const char* name) {
+			if (*value < min) {
+				clamped_range_warnings += SCP_string(name) + ": too low (" + std::to_string(*value) + "). Will reset to minimum (" + std::to_string(min) + ")\n";
+				*value = min;
+			} else if (*value > max) {
+				clamped_range_warnings += SCP_string(name) + ": too high (" + std::to_string(*value) + "). Will reset to maximum (" + std::to_string(max) + ")\n"; 
+				*value = max;
+			}
+		}

 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 		// PLR specific
@@ -795,11 +795,20 @@ void pilotfile::plr_write_controls()

 void pilotfile::plr_read_settings()
 {
+	clamped_range_warnings.clear();
 	// sound/voice/music
 	if (!Using_in_game_options) {
-		snd_set_effects_volume(handler->readFloat("master_sound_volume"));
-		event_music_set_volume(handler->readFloat("master_event_music_volume"));
-		snd_set_voice_volume(handler->readFloat("aster_voice_volume"));
+		float temp_volume = handler->readFloat("master_sound_volume");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Effects Volume");
+		snd_set_effects_volume(temp_volume);
+
+		temp_volume = handler->readFloat("master_event_music_volume");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Music Volume");
+		event_music_set_volume(temp_volume);
+
+		temp_volume = handler->readFloat("aster_voice_volume");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&temp_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Voice Volume");
+		snd_set_voice_volume(temp_volume);

 		Briefing_voice_enabled = handler->readInt("briefing_voice_enabled") != 0;
 	} else {
@@ -814,24 +823,37 @@ void pilotfile::plr_read_settings()

 	// skill level
 	Game_skill_level = handler->readInt("game_skill_level");
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Game_skill_level, 0, 4, "Skill Level");

 	// input options
 	if (!Using_in_game_options) {
 		Use_mouse_to_fly   = handler->readInt("use_mouse_to_fly") != 0;
 		Mouse_sensitivity  = handler->readInt("mouse_sensitivity");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Mouse_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Mouse Sensitivity");
 		Joy_sensitivity    = handler->readInt("joy_sensitivity");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Joystick Sensitivity");
 		Joy_dead_zone_size = handler->readInt("joy_dead_zone_size");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_dead_zone_size, 0, 45, "Joystick Deadzone");

 		// detail
 		Detail.setting           = handler->readInt("setting");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.setting, -1, NUM_DEFAULT_DETAIL_LEVELS - 1, "Detail Level Preset");
 		Detail.nebula_detail     = handler->readInt("nebula_detail");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.nebula_detail, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Nebula Detail");
 		Detail.detail_distance   = handler->readInt("detail_distance");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.detail_distance, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Model Detail");
 		Detail.hardware_textures = handler->readInt("hardware_textures");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.hardware_textures, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "3D Hardware Textures");
 		Detail.num_small_debris  = handler->readInt("num_small_debris");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_small_debris, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Impact Effects");
 		Detail.num_particles     = handler->readInt("num_particles");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_particles, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Particles");
 		Detail.num_stars         = handler->readInt("num_stars");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_stars, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Stars");
 		Detail.shield_effects    = handler->readInt("shield_effects");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.shield_effects, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Shield Hit Effects");
 		Detail.lighting          = handler->readInt("lighting");
+		clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.lighting, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Lighting");
 		Detail.targetview_model  = handler->readInt("targetview_model");
 		Detail.planets_suns      = handler->readInt("planets_suns");
 		Detail.weapon_extras     = handler->readInt("weapon_extras");
@@ -856,6 +878,10 @@ void pilotfile::plr_read_settings()
 		handler->readInt("planets_suns");
 		handler->readInt("weapon_extras");
 	}
+	if (!clamped_range_warnings.empty()) {
+		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "The following values in the pilot file were out of bounds and were automatically reset:\n%s\nPlease check your settings!\n", clamped_range_warnings.c_str());
+		clamped_range_warnings.clear();
+	}
 }

 void pilotfile::plr_write_settings()
@@ -863,35 +889,55 @@ void pilotfile::plr_write_settings()
 	handler->startSectionWrite(Section::Settings);

 	// sound/voice/music
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_sound_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Effects Volume");
 	handler->writeFloat("master_sound_volume", Master_sound_volume);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_event_music_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Music Volume");
 	handler->writeFloat("master_event_music_volume", Master_event_music_volume);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Master_voice_volume, 0.f, 1.f, "Voice Volume");
 	handler->writeFloat("aster_voice_volume", Master_voice_volume);

 	handler->writeInt("briefing_voice_enabled", Briefing_voice_enabled ? 1 : 0);

 	// skill level
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Game_skill_level, 0, 4, "Skill Level");
 	handler->writeInt("game_skill_level", Game_skill_level);

 	// input options
 	handler->writeInt("use_mouse_to_fly", Use_mouse_to_fly);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Mouse_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Mouse Sensitivity");
 	handler->writeInt("mouse_sensitivity", Mouse_sensitivity);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_sensitivity, 0, 9, "Joystick Sensitivity");
 	handler->writeInt("joy_sensitivity", Joy_sensitivity);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Joy_dead_zone_size, 0, 45, "Joystick Deadzone");
 	handler->writeInt("joy_dead_zone_size", Joy_dead_zone_size);

 	// detail
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.setting, -1, NUM_DEFAULT_DETAIL_LEVELS - 1, "Detail Level Preset");
 	handler->writeInt("setting", Detail.setting);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.nebula_detail, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Nebula Detail");
 	handler->writeInt("nebula_detail", Detail.nebula_detail);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.detail_distance, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Model Detail");
 	handler->writeInt("detail_distance", Detail.detail_distance);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.hardware_textures, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "3D Hardware Textures");
 	handler->writeInt("hardware_textures", Detail.hardware_textures);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_small_debris, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Impact Effects");
 	handler->writeInt("num_small_debris", Detail.num_small_debris);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_particles, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Particles");
 	handler->writeInt("num_particles", Detail.num_particles);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.num_stars, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Stars");
 	handler->writeInt("num_stars", Detail.num_stars);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.shield_effects, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Shield Hit Effects");
 	handler->writeInt("shield_effects", Detail.shield_effects);
+	clamp_value_with_warn(&Detail.lighting, 0, MAX_DETAIL_LEVEL, "Lighting");
 	handler->writeInt("lighting", Detail.lighting);
 	handler->writeInt("targetview_model", Detail.targetview_model);
 	handler->writeInt("planets_suns", Detail.planets_suns);
 	handler->writeInt("weapon_extras", Detail.weapon_extras);

+	if (!clamped_range_warnings.empty()) {
+		ReleaseWarning(LOCATION, "The following values were out of bounds when saving the Pilot file and were automatically reset.\n%s\nThis shouldn't be possible, please contact the FreeSpace 2 Open Source Code Project!\n", clamped_range_warnings.c_str());
+		clamped_range_warnings.clear();
+	}
 	handler->endSectionWrite();
 }

@@ -510,16 +510,6 @@ void do_view_external()
 		Viewer_external_info.angles.h = PI2 + Viewer_external_info.angles.h;
 }

-/**
- * Separate out the reading of thrust keys, so we can call this from external view as well as from normal view
- */
-void do_thrust_keys(control_info *ci)
-{
-	ci->forward = check_control_timef(FORWARD_THRUST) - check_control_timef(REVERSE_THRUST);
-	ci->sideways = (check_control_timef(RIGHT_SLIDE_THRUST) - check_control_timef(LEFT_SLIDE_THRUST));//for slideing-Bobboau
-	ci->vertical = (check_control_timef(UP_SLIDE_THRUST) - check_control_timef(DOWN_SLIDE_THRUST));//for slideing-Bobboau
-}
-
 /**
 * Called by single and multiplayer modes to reset information inside of control info structure
 */
@@ -552,12 +542,12 @@ void read_keyboard_controls( control_info * ci, float frame_time, physics_info *

 	// Camera & View controls
 	if ( Viewer_mode & VM_EXTERNAL ) {
+		// External mode
 		control_used(VIEW_EXTERNAL);
-
 		do_view_external();
-		do_thrust_keys(ci);

 	} else if ( Viewer_mode & VM_CHASE ) {
+		// Chase mode
 		do_view_chase();

 	} else {
@@ -570,7 +560,6 @@ void read_keyboard_controls( control_info * ci, float frame_time, physics_info *
 	// Ship controls
 	if (Viewer_mode & VM_CAMERA_LOCKED) {
 		// From keyboard...
-		do_thrust_keys(ci);
 		if ( check_control(BANK_WHEN_PRESSED) ) {
 			ci->bank = check_control_timef(BANK_LEFT) + check_control_timef(YAW_LEFT) - check_control_timef(YAW_RIGHT) - check_control_timef(BANK_RIGHT);
 			ci->heading = 0.0f;
@@ -609,6 +598,12 @@ void read_keyboard_controls( control_info * ci, float frame_time, physics_info *
 	}

 	if (!(Game_mode & GM_DEAD)) {
+		// Thrust controls
+		ci->forward = check_control_timef(FORWARD_THRUST) - check_control_timef(REVERSE_THRUST);
+		ci->sideways = (check_control_timef(RIGHT_SLIDE_THRUST) - check_control_timef(LEFT_SLIDE_THRUST)); // for slideing-Bobboau
+		ci->vertical = (check_control_timef(UP_SLIDE_THRUST) - check_control_timef(DOWN_SLIDE_THRUST)); // for slideing-Bobboau
+
+		// Throttle controls
 		if ( button_info_query(&Player->bi, ONE_THIRD_THROTTLE) ) {
 			control_used(ONE_THIRD_THROTTLE);
 			player_clear_speed_matching();
@@ -1373,7 +1368,7 @@ void player_level_init()
 	Player->cargo_scan_loop    = sound_handle::invalid();
 	Player->cargo_inspect_time = 0;			// time that current target's cargo has been inspected for

-	Player->target_is_dying = -1;				// The player target is dying, set to -1 if no target
+	Player->target_is_dying = -1;				// Whether the player target is dying, -1 if no target
 	Player->current_target_sx = -1;			// Screen x-pos of current target (or subsystem if applicable)
 	Player->current_target_sy = -1;			// Screen y-pos of current target (or subsystem if applicable)
 	Player->target_in_lock_cone = -1;		// Is the current target in secondary weapon lock cone?
@@ -4,8 +4,17 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core/XMLNodeHandler.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -6,9 +6,18 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/Plugin.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -7,12 +7,21 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/ElementDocument.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/GeometryUtilities.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/String.h>
 #include <scpui/RocketRenderingInterface.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -4,10 +4,19 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core/Element.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/Geometry.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/Texture.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -10,8 +10,17 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -4,10 +4,19 @@
 #pragma push_macro("Assert")
 #undef Assert

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
+
 #include <Rocket/Core/Element.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/Geometry.h>
 #include <Rocket/Core/Texture.h>

+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 #pragma pop_macro("Assert")

 namespace scpui {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ LuaPromise::LuaPromise(const std::shared_ptr<resolve_context>& resolveContext) :
 {
 	m_state->state = State::Pending;

-	// This executes promises eagerly since registering the callback kicks of the async operation
+	// This executes promises eagerly since registering the callback kicks off the async operation
 	m_state->registerResolveCallback(resolveContext);
 }

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ ADE_FUNC(promise,
 	"function(function(any resolveVal) => void resolve, function(any errorVal) => void reject) => void body",
 	"Creates a promise that resolves when the resolve function of the callback is called or errors if the reject "
 	"function is called. The function will be called "
-	"on it's own.",
+	"on its own.",
 	"promise",
 	"The promise or nil on error")
 {
@@ -1729,7 +1729,11 @@ ADE_FUNC(waitAsync,

 	class time_resolve_context : public resolve_context, public std::enable_shared_from_this<time_resolve_context> {
 	  public:
-		time_resolve_context(int timestamp) : m_timestamp(timestamp) {}
+		time_resolve_context(int timestamp) : m_timestamp(timestamp) {
+			static int unique_id_counter = 0;
+			m_unique_id = unique_id_counter++;
+			nprintf(("scripting", "waitAsync: Creating asynchronous context %d.\n", m_unique_id));
+		}
 		void setResolver(Resolver resolver) override
 		{
 			// Keep checking the time until the timestamp is elapsed
@@ -1737,11 +1741,13 @@ ADE_FUNC(waitAsync,
 			auto cb = [this, self, resolver](
 						  executor::IExecutionContext::State contextState) {
 				if (contextState == executor::IExecutionContext::State::Invalid) {
+					mprintf(("waitAsync: Context is invalid, possibly due to a game state change (current state is %s).  Aborting asynchronous context %d.\n", GS_state_text[gameseq_get_state()], m_unique_id));
 					resolver(true, luacpp::LuaValueList());
 					return executor::Executor::CallbackResult::Done;
 				}

 				if (timestamp_elapsed(m_timestamp)) {
+					nprintf(("scripting", "waitAsync: Timestamp has elapsed for asynchronous context %d.\n", m_unique_id));
 					resolver(false, luacpp::LuaValueList());
 					return executor::Executor::CallbackResult::Done;
 				}
@@ -1756,6 +1762,7 @@ ADE_FUNC(waitAsync,

 	  private:
 		int m_timestamp = -1;
+		int m_unique_id = -1;
 	};
 	return ade_set_args(L,
 		"o",
@@ -10,10 +10,15 @@ namespace api {

 ADE_LIB(l_Time, "Time", "time", "Real-Time library");

-ADE_FUNC(getCurrentTime, l_Time, nullptr, "Gets the current real-time timestamp.", "timestamp", "The current time")
+ADE_FUNC(getCurrentTime, l_Time, nullptr, "Gets the current real-time timestamp, i.e. the actual elapsed time, regardless of whether the game has changed time compression or been paused.", "timestamp", "The current time")
 {
 	return ade_set_args(L, "o", l_Timestamp.Set(timer_get_nanoseconds()));
 }

+ADE_FUNC(getCurrentMissionTime, l_Time, nullptr, "Gets the current mission-time timestamp, which can be affected by time compression and paused.", "timestamp", "The current mission time")
+{
+	return ade_set_args(L, "o", l_Timestamp.Set(timestamp_get_mission_time_in_microseconds() * NANOSECONDS_PER_MICROSECOND));
+}
+
 } // namespace api
 } // namespace scripting
@@ -119,32 +119,33 @@ ADE_FUNC(isValid, l_ModelInstance, nullptr, "True if valid, false or nil if not"
 	return ade_set_args(L, "b", mih->IsValid());
 }

-ADE_VIRTVAR(Orientation, l_SubmodelInstance, "orientation", "Gets or sets the submodel instance orientation (world orientation)", "orientation", "Orientation, or identity orientation if handle is not valid")
+ADE_VIRTVAR(Orientation, l_SubmodelInstance, "orientation", "Gets or sets the submodel instance orientation", "orientation", "Orientation, or identity orientation if handle is not valid")
 {
 	submodelinstance_h *smih;
 	matrix_h *mh = nullptr;
 	if (!ade_get_args(L, "o|o", l_SubmodelInstance.GetPtr(&smih), l_Matrix.GetPtr(&mh)))
-		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h(&vmd_identity_matrix)));
+		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h()));

 	if (!smih->IsValid())
-		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h(&vmd_identity_matrix)));
+		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h()));
+
+	auto smi = smih->Get();
+	if (smi == nullptr)
+		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h()));

 	if (ADE_SETTING_VAR && mh != nullptr)
 	{
-		auto sm = smih->GetSubmodel();
-		auto smi = smih->Get();
-
 		smi->canonical_prev_orient = smi->canonical_orient;
 		smi->canonical_orient = *mh->GetMatrix();

 		float angle = 0.0f;
-		vm_closest_angle_to_matrix(&smi->canonical_orient, &sm->rotation_axis, &angle);
+		vm_closest_angle_to_matrix(&smi->canonical_orient, &smih->GetSubmodel()->rotation_axis, &angle);

 		smi->cur_angle = angle;
 		smi->turret_idle_angle = angle;
 	}

-	return ade_set_args(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h(&smih->Get()->canonical_orient)));
+	return ade_set_args(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h(&smi->canonical_orient)));
 }

 ADE_FUNC(findWorldPoint, l_SubmodelInstance, "vector", "Calculates the world coordinates of a point in a submodel's frame of reference", "vector", "Point, or empty vector if handle is not valid")
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ ADE_VIRTVAR(FPS, l_MoviePlayer, "number", "Determines the frames per second of t
 		LuaError(L, "Tried to modify read-only member!");
 	}

-	return ade_set_args(L, "f", (int)ph->player()->getMovieProperties().fps);
+	return ade_set_args(L, "f", ph->player()->getMovieProperties().fps);
 }

 ADE_FUNC(update, l_MoviePlayer, "timespan step_time",
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ ADE_VIRTVAR(AWACSRadius, l_Subsystem, "number", "Subsystem AWACS radius", "numbe
 	return ade_set_args(L, "f", sso->ss->awacs_radius);
 }

-ADE_VIRTVAR(Orientation, l_Subsystem, "orientation", "Orientation of subobject or turret base", "orientation", "Subsystem orientation, or null orientation if handle is invalid")
+ADE_VIRTVAR(Orientation, l_Subsystem, "orientation", "Orientation of subobject or turret base", "orientation", "Subsystem orientation, or identity orientation if handle is invalid")
 {
 	ship_subsys_h *sso;
 	matrix_h *mh = nullptr;
-	if(!ade_get_args(L, "o|o", l_Subsystem.GetPtr(&sso), l_Matrix.GetPtr(&mh)))
+	if (!ade_get_args(L, "o|o", l_Subsystem.GetPtr(&sso), l_Matrix.GetPtr(&mh)))
 		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h()));

 	if (!sso->isSubsystemValid())
@@ -115,10 +115,19 @@ ADE_VIRTVAR(Orientation, l_Subsystem, "orientation", "Orientation of subobject o
 	if (smi == nullptr)
 		return ade_set_error(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h()));

-	if(ADE_SETTING_VAR && mh)
+	if (ADE_SETTING_VAR && mh != nullptr)
 	{
+		auto pm = model_get(sso->ss->system_info->model_num);
+		auto sm = &pm->submodel[sso->ss->system_info->subobj_num];
+
 		smi->canonical_prev_orient = smi->canonical_orient;
 		smi->canonical_orient = *mh->GetMatrix();
+
+		float angle = 0.0f;
+		vm_closest_angle_to_matrix(&smi->canonical_orient, &sm->rotation_axis, &angle);
+
+		smi->cur_angle = angle;
+		smi->turret_idle_angle = angle;
 	}

 	return ade_set_args(L, "o", l_Matrix.Set(matrix_h(&smi->canonical_orient)));
@@ -656,7 +665,7 @@ ADE_FUNC(rotateTurret, l_Subsystem, "vector Pos, boolean reset=false", "Rotates
 		return ADE_RETURN_FALSE;
 }

-ADE_FUNC(getTurretHeading, l_Subsystem, NULL, "Returns the turrets forward vector", "vector", "Returns a normalized version of the forward vector or null vector on error")
+ADE_FUNC(getTurretHeading, l_Subsystem, NULL, "Returns the turrets forward vector", "vector", "Returns a normalized version of the forward vector in the ship's reference frame or null vector on error")
 {
 	ship_subsys_h *sso;
 	if(!ade_get_args(L, "o", l_Subsystem.GetPtr(&sso)))
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ADE_FUNC(getSeconds, l_TimeSpan, nullptr, "Gets the value of this timestamp in s
 	}

 	// Timestamps and spans are stored in nanoseconds
-	return ade_set_args(L, "f", (float)value / 1000000000.f);
+	return ade_set_args(L, "f", (float)((long double)value / (long double)NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND));
 }

 } // namespace api
@@ -172,12 +172,15 @@ LuaValueList LuaFunction::call(lua_State* L, const LuaValueList& args) const {
 		stackTop = lua_gettop(L);
 	}

+	if(!lua_checkstack(L, (int)args.size() + 1))
+		throw LuaException("Lua Stack Overflow!");
+
 	// Push the function onto the stack
-	this->pushValue(L);
+	this->pushValue(L, true);

 	// Push the arguments onto the stack
 	for (const auto& arg : args) {
-		arg.pushValue(L);
+		arg.pushValue(L, true);
 	}

 	// actually call the function now!
@@ -80,10 +80,14 @@ bool UniqueLuaReference::isValid() const {
 	return true;
 }

-void UniqueLuaReference::pushValue(lua_State* thread) const
+void UniqueLuaReference::pushValue(lua_State* thread, bool manualStackAllocation) const
 {
 	Assertion(thread != nullptr, "Valid thread state must be specified!");

+	if (!manualStackAllocation) {
+		lua_checkstack(thread, 1);
+	}
+
 	if (this->isValid()) {
 		lua_rawgeti(thread, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, this->getReference());
 	}
@@ -100,8 +100,9 @@ class UniqueLuaReference {
 	/**
    * @brief Pushes the referenced value onto the stack.
    * @param thread A specific thread state to push the value to. nullptr for the default state of this reference
+	* @param manualStackAllocation Set to true if you manually allocate sufficient stack size before calling this function. Keep false unless you know what you are doing.
    */
-	void pushValue(lua_State* thread) const;
+	void pushValue(lua_State* thread, bool manualStackAllocation = false) const;
 };
 }

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ bool LuaValue::isValid() const {
 	return _reference && _reference->isValid();
 }

-bool LuaValue::pushValue(lua_State* thread) const
+bool LuaValue::pushValue(lua_State* thread, bool manualStackAllocation) const
 {
 	if (this->_reference->isValid()) {
-		this->_reference->pushValue(thread);
+		this->_reference->pushValue(thread, manualStackAllocation);
 		return true;
 	} else {
 		return false;
@@ -185,8 +185,9 @@ class LuaValue {
 	 * @brief Pushes this lua value onto the stack.
 	 * @param thread The thread stack onto which this value should be pushed. May be nullptr for the default state of
 	 * this value
+	 * @param manualStackAllocation Set to true if you manually allocate sufficient stack size before calling this function. Keep false unless you know what you are doing.
 	 */
-	bool pushValue(lua_State* thread) const;
+	bool pushValue(lua_State* thread, bool manualStackAllocation = false) const;

 	lua_State* getLuaState() const;

@@ -337,14 +337,20 @@ bool script_state::EvalStringWithReturn(const char* string, const char* format,
 				scripting::ade_get_args(LuaState, format, rtn);
 			}
 		} catch (const LuaException&) {
+			lua_pop(LuaState, 1);
+
 			return false;
 		}
 	} catch (const LuaException& e) {
 		LuaError(GetLuaSession(), "%s", e.what());

+		lua_pop(LuaState, 1);
+
 		return false;
 	}

+	lua_pop(LuaState, 1);
+
 	return true;
 }

@@ -4616,7 +4616,7 @@ static void parse_ship_values(ship_info* sip, const bool is_template, const bool
 					}
 					for (auto it = Ship_info.cbegin(); it != Ship_info.cend(); ++it) {
 						//find the index number of the current ship info type
-						if (it->name == sip->name) {
+						if (&(*it) == sip) {
 							Ai_tp_list[i].ship_class.push_back((int)std::distance(Ship_info.cbegin(), it));
 							break;
 						}
@@ -15843,7 +15843,7 @@ SCP_string ship_return_orders(ship* sp)
 			outbuf += target_name;
 			outbuf += XSTR(" wing", 494);
 		} else {
-			outbuf += XSTR("no orders", 495);
+			outbuf = XSTR("no orders", 495);
 		}
 		break;

@@ -15852,7 +15852,7 @@ SCP_string ship_return_orders(ship* sp)
 			outbuf += XSTR("any ", -1);
 			outbuf += target_name;
 		} else {
-			outbuf += XSTR("no orders", 495);
+			outbuf = XSTR("no orders", 495);
 		}
 		break;

@@ -15868,7 +15868,7 @@ SCP_string ship_return_orders(ship* sp)
 		if (aigp->target_name) {
 			outbuf += target_name;
 		} else {
-			outbuf += XSTR("no orders", 495);
+			outbuf = XSTR("no orders", 495);
 		}
 		break;

@@ -15879,7 +15879,7 @@ SCP_string ship_return_orders(ship* sp)
 			hud_targetbox_truncate_subsys_name(subsys_name);
 			sprintf(outbuf, XSTR("atk %s %s", 496), target_name, subsys_name);
 		} else {
-			outbuf += XSTR("no orders", 495);
+			outbuf = XSTR("no orders", 495);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -20263,4 +20263,4 @@ int ship_check_visibility(const ship* viewed, ship* viewer)
 	}

 	return ship_is_visible;
-}
+}
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ int campaign_tree_wnd::internal_error(const char *msg, ...)

 int campaign_tree_wnd::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, char *msg, ...)
 {
-	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf;
+	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf, bad_node_str;
 	int err = 0, z, faulty_node;
 	va_list args;

@@ -440,7 +440,13 @@ int campaign_tree_wnd::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, char *msg, ...)

 	convert_sexp_to_string(sexp_buf, sexp, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
 	truncate_message_lines(sexp_buf, 30);
-	sprintf(error_buf, "Error in %s: %s\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)", buf.c_str(), sexp_error_message(z), sexp_buf.c_str(), Sexp_nodes[faulty_node].text);
+
+	stuff_sexp_text_string(bad_node_str, faulty_node, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
+	if (!bad_node_str.empty()) {	// the previous function adds a space at the end
+		bad_node_str.pop_back();
+	}
+
+	sprintf(error_buf, "Error in %s: %s\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)", buf.c_str(), sexp_error_message(z), sexp_buf.c_str(), bad_node_str.c_str());

 	if (z < 0 && z > -100)
 		err = 1;
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ IDR_MENU_EDIT_SEXP_TREE MENU
 BEGIN
    POPUP "Edit sexp tree"
    BEGIN
-        MENUITEM "&Delete Item\tDelete",        ID_DELETE
+        MENUITEM "&Delete Item",                ID_DELETE
        MENUITEM "&Edit Data\tSpace Bar",       ID_EDIT_TEXT
        MENUITEM "Expand All",                  ID_EXPAND_ALL
        MENUITEM SEPARATOR
@@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ int CFREDView::internal_error(const char *msg, ...)

 int CFREDView::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, const char *msg, ...)
 {
-	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf;
+	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf, bad_node_str;
 	int err = 0, z, faulty_node;
 	va_list args;

@@ -3393,7 +3393,13 @@ int CFREDView::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, const char *msg, ...)

 	convert_sexp_to_string(sexp_buf, sexp, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
 	truncate_message_lines(sexp_buf, 30);
-	sprintf(error_buf, "Error in %s: %s\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)", buf.c_str(), sexp_error_message(z), sexp_buf.c_str(), Sexp_nodes[faulty_node].text);
+
+	stuff_sexp_text_string(bad_node_str, faulty_node, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
+	if (!bad_node_str.empty()) {	// the previous function adds a space at the end
+		bad_node_str.pop_back();
+	}
+
+	sprintf(error_buf, "Error in %s: %s\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)", buf.c_str(), sexp_error_message(z), sexp_buf.c_str(), bad_node_str.c_str());

 	if (z < 0 && z > -100)
 		err = 1;
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
 #endif

-const float input_threshold = 0.01f;		// smallest increment of input box
+constexpr auto INPUT_THRESHOLD = 0.01f;		// smallest increment of input box
+constexpr auto INPUT_FORMAT = "%.01f";

 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // orient_editor dialog
@@ -45,15 +46,15 @@ orient_editor::orient_editor(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)

 	Assert(query_valid_object());
 	auto pos = &Objects[cur_object_index].pos;
-	m_position_x.Format("%.01f", pos->xyz.x);
-	m_position_y.Format("%.01f", pos->xyz.y);
-	m_position_z.Format("%.01f", pos->xyz.z);
+	m_position_x.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, pos->xyz.x);
+	m_position_y.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, pos->xyz.y);
+	m_position_z.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, pos->xyz.z);

 	angles ang;
 	vm_extract_angles_matrix(&ang, &Objects[cur_object_index].orient);
-	m_orientation_p.Format("%.01f", to_degrees(ang.p));
-	m_orientation_b.Format("%.01f", to_degrees(ang.b));
-	m_orientation_h.Format("%.01f", to_degrees(ang.h));
+	m_orientation_p.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, to_degrees(ang.p));
+	m_orientation_b.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, to_degrees(ang.b));
+	m_orientation_h.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, to_degrees(ang.h));
 }

 void orient_editor::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
@@ -182,29 +183,47 @@ BOOL orient_editor::OnInitDialog()
 	return TRUE;
 }

-bool orient_editor::close(float val, const CString &str)
+/**
+ * Checks whether the position value is close enough to the input string value that we can assume the input has not changed.
+ */
+bool orient_editor::is_close(float val, const CString &input_str) const
 {
-	float diff = val - convert(str);
-	return diff > -input_threshold && diff < input_threshold;
+	val = perform_input_rounding(val);
+	float input_val = convert(input_str);
+
+	float diff = val - input_val;
+	return abs(diff) < INPUT_THRESHOLD;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether the angle value is close enough to the input string value that we can assume the input has not changed.
+ */
+bool orient_editor::is_angle_close(float rad, const CString &input_str) const
+{
+	float deg = perform_input_rounding(to_degrees(rad));
+	float input_deg = normalize_degrees(convert(input_str));
+
+	float diff = deg - input_deg;
+	return abs(diff) < INPUT_THRESHOLD;
 }

 bool orient_editor::query_modified()
 {
-	if (!close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.x, m_position_x))
+	if (!is_close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.x, m_position_x))
 		return true;
-	if (!close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.y, m_position_y))
+	if (!is_close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.y, m_position_y))
 		return true;
-	if (!close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.z, m_position_z))
+	if (!is_close(Objects[cur_object_index].pos.xyz.z, m_position_z))
 		return true;

 	angles ang;
 	vm_extract_angles_matrix(&ang, &Objects[cur_object_index].orient);

-	if (!close(to_degrees(ang.p), m_orientation_p))
+	if (!is_angle_close(ang.p, m_orientation_p))
 		return true;
-	if (!close(to_degrees(ang.b), m_orientation_b))
+	if (!is_angle_close(ang.b, m_orientation_b))
 		return true;
-	if (!close(to_degrees(ang.h), m_orientation_h))
+	if (!is_angle_close(ang.h, m_orientation_h))
 		return true;

 	if (((CButton *) GetDlgItem(IDC_POINT_TO_CHECKBOX))->GetCheck() == TRUE)
@@ -224,7 +243,7 @@ void orient_editor::OnOK()

 	// there's enough difference in our position that we're changing it
 	cur_pos = &Objects[cur_object_index].pos;
-	if (!close(cur_pos->xyz.x, m_position_x) || !close(cur_pos->xyz.y, m_position_y) || !close(cur_pos->xyz.z, m_position_z))
+	if (!is_close(cur_pos->xyz.x, m_position_x) || !is_close(cur_pos->xyz.y, m_position_y) || !is_close(cur_pos->xyz.z, m_position_z))
 	{
 		vec3d pos;
 		pos.xyz.x = convert(m_position_x);
@@ -237,7 +256,7 @@ void orient_editor::OnOK()

 	// there's enough difference in our orientation that we're changing it
 	vm_extract_angles_matrix(&ang, &Objects[cur_object_index].orient);
-	if (!close(to_degrees(ang.p), m_orientation_p) || !close(to_degrees(ang.b), m_orientation_b) || !close(to_degrees(ang.h), m_orientation_h))
+	if (!is_angle_close(ang.p, m_orientation_p) || !is_angle_close(ang.b, m_orientation_b) || !is_angle_close(ang.h, m_orientation_h))
 	{
 		ang.p = fl_radians(convert(m_orientation_p));
 		ang.b = fl_radians(convert(m_orientation_b));
@@ -354,6 +373,11 @@ void orient_editor::actually_point_object(object *ptr)
 float orient_editor::to_degrees(float rad)
 {
 	float deg = fl_degrees(rad);
+	return normalize_degrees(deg);
+}
+
+float orient_editor::normalize_degrees(float deg)
+{
 	while (deg < -180.0f)
 		deg += 180.0f;
 	while (deg > 180.0f)
@@ -364,7 +388,10 @@ float orient_editor::to_degrees(float rad)
 	return deg;
 }

-float orient_editor::convert(const CString &str)
+/**
+ * Extract a float from the CString, being mindful of any comma separators.
+ */
+float orient_editor::convert(const CString &str) const
 {
 	char buf[256];
 	size_t i, j, len;
@@ -379,6 +406,18 @@ float orient_editor::convert(const CString &str)
 	return (float) atof(buf);
 }

+/**
+ * Perform rounding of the float value by loading it into the input box format string and parsing it again.
+ * This accounts for not only decimal rounding to the precision of the input box, but also floating point rounding due to inexact fractions such as 1/10.
+ * See also GitHub PR #4475.
+ */
+float orient_editor::perform_input_rounding(float val) const
+{
+	CString str;
+	str.Format(INPUT_FORMAT, val);
+	return convert(str);
+}
+
 void orient_editor::OnPointTo()
 {
 	UpdateData(TRUE);
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public:
 	orient_editor(CWnd* pParent = NULL);   // standard constructor

 	static float to_degrees(float radians);
+	static float normalize_degrees(float degrees);

 // Dialog Data
 	//{{AFX_DATA(orient_editor)
@@ -69,8 +70,12 @@ protected:
 	DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

 private:
-	float convert(const CString &str);
-	bool close(float val, const CString &str);
+	float convert(const CString &str) const;
+	float perform_input_rounding(float val) const;
+
+	bool is_close(float val, const CString &input_str) const;
+	bool is_angle_close(float rad, const CString &input_str) const;
+
 	int total;
 	int index[MAX_OBJECTS];
 	void actually_point_object(object *ptr);
@@ -2509,13 +2509,13 @@ void sexp_tree::NodeCopy()

 void sexp_tree::NodeReplacePaste()
 {
-	if (item_index < 0)
+	if (item_index < 0 || Sexp_clipboard < 0)
 		return;

 	int i;

 	// the following assumptions are made..
-	Assert((Sexp_clipboard > -1) && (Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].type != SEXP_NOT_USED));
+	Assert(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].type != SEXP_NOT_USED);
 	Assert(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_LIST);
 	Assertion(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_NAME,
 		"Attempt to use container name %s from SEXP clipboard. Please report!",
@@ -2587,13 +2587,13 @@ void sexp_tree::NodeReplacePaste()

 void sexp_tree::NodeAddPaste()
 {
-	if (item_index < 0)
+	if (item_index < 0 || Sexp_clipboard < 0)
 		return;

 	int i;

 	// the following assumptions are made..
-	Assert((Sexp_clipboard > -1) && (Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].type != SEXP_NOT_USED));
+	Assert(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].type != SEXP_NOT_USED);
 	Assert(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_LIST);
 	Assertion(Sexp_nodes[Sexp_clipboard].subtype != SEXP_ATOM_CONTAINER_NAME,
 		"Attempt to use container name %s from SEXP clipboard. Please report!",
@@ -902,6 +902,7 @@ void game_level_close()
 		lock_time_compression(false);

 		audiostream_unpause_all();
+		snd_aav_init();

 		gr_set_ambient_light(120, 120, 120);

@@ -1192,7 +1193,7 @@ void game_loading_callback(int count)

 	Script_system.RemHookVar("Progress");

-	os_ignore_events();
+	os_defer_events_on_load_screen();

 	if (do_flip)
 		gr_flip();
@@ -5272,7 +5273,6 @@ void game_leave_state( int old_state, int new_state )
 				if ( (Game_mode & GM_MULTIPLAYER) && (new_state == GS_STATE_MAIN_MENU) ){
 					multi_quit_game(PROMPT_NONE);
 				}
-				snd_aav_init();

 				freespace_stop_mission();

@@ -6683,17 +6683,7 @@ void game_shutdown(void)
 		gr_clear();
 		gr_flip();
 	}
-
-	// Free the scripting resources of the new UI first
-	scpui::shutdown_scripting();
-
-	// Everything after this should be done without scripting so we can free those resources here
-	Script_system.Clear();
-
-	// Deinitialize the new UI system, needs to be done after scripting shutdown to make sure the resources were
-	// released properly
-	scpui::shutdown();
-
+	
 	// if the player has left the "player select" screen and quit the game without actually choosing
 	// a player, Player will be nullptr, in which case we shouldn't write the player file out!
 	if (!(Game_mode & GM_STANDALONE_SERVER) && (Player!=nullptr) && !Is_standalone){
@@ -6729,9 +6719,6 @@ void game_shutdown(void)

 	scoring_close();

-	// Free SEXP resources
-	sexp_shutdown();
-
 	stars_close();			// clean out anything used by stars code

 	// the menu close functions will unload the bitmaps if they were displayed during the game
@@ -6741,6 +6728,19 @@ void game_shutdown(void)
 	// free left over memory from table parsing
 	player_tips_close();

+
+	// more fundamental shutdowns begin here ----------
+
+	sexp_shutdown();				// Free SEXP resources
+
+	scpui::shutdown_scripting();	// Free the scripting resources of the new UI first
+
+	Script_system.Clear();			// Everything after this should be done without scripting so we can free those resources here.
+									// By this point, all things that hold Lua References must be destroyed (such as Lua SEXPs)
+
+	scpui::shutdown();				// Deinitialize the new UI system, needs to be done after scripting shutdown to make sure the resources were released properly
+
+
 	control_config_common_close();
 	io::joystick::shutdown();

@@ -6779,7 +6779,6 @@ void game_shutdown(void)
 	}

 	lcl_xstr_close();
-
 }

 // game_stop_looped_sounds()
@@ -2571,7 +2571,7 @@ int Editor::internal_error(const char* msg, ...) {
 	return -1;
 }
 int Editor::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, const char* msg, ...) {
-	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf;
+	SCP_string buf, sexp_buf, error_buf, bad_node_str;
 	int err = 0, z, faulty_node;
 	va_list args;

@@ -2588,12 +2588,18 @@ int Editor::fred_check_sexp(int sexp, int type, const char* msg, ...) {

 	convert_sexp_to_string(sexp_buf, sexp, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
 	truncate_message_lines(sexp_buf, 30);
+
+	stuff_sexp_text_string(bad_node_str, faulty_node, SEXP_ERROR_CHECK_MODE);
+	if (!bad_node_str.empty()) {	// the previous function adds a space at the end
+		bad_node_str.pop_back();
+	}
+
 	sprintf(error_buf,
 			"Error in %s: %s\n\nIn sexpression: %s\n\n(Bad node appears to be: %s)",
 			buf.c_str(),
 			sexp_error_message(z),
 			sexp_buf.c_str(),
-			Sexp_nodes[faulty_node].text);
+			bad_node_str.c_str());

 	if (z < 0 && z > -100)
 		err = 1;
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Goober5000	19ca467c41	Merge pull request #4513 from EatThePath/cleanup-eval-stack Clean up the lua stack after EvalStringWithReturn's function creation	2022-07-27 23:29:52 -04:00
David Gibson	73736280f9	Clean up the lua stack after EvalStringWithReturn's function creation	2022-07-27 19:18:26 -05:00
Goober5000	d5546f95e8	Merge pull request #4510 from Goober5000/warn_about_too_many_sexps prevent too many dynamic SEXPs from breaking the SEXP system	2022-07-24 17:10:10 -04:00
Goober5000	29edfeedea	display category name	2022-07-24 15:08:49 -04:00
Goober5000	8cf20b0175	prevent too many dynamic SEXPs from breaking the SEXP system SEXP categories will not support more than 256 SEXPs; this is why the CHANGE2 category had to be created when CHANGE got full. Unfortunately, dynamic SEXPs will count toward this limit, so mysterious errors will occur for the ones whose category indexes roll over. The problem is not easily fixable, but at least the engine can detect the situation, warn about it, and refrain from adding any problematic SEXPs. Since too many total SEXPs would cause a similar problem, this adds a warning for that case too.	2022-07-24 15:06:13 -04:00
Goober5000	c85040efc4	prevent a crash on game exit (#4507 ) When `mission_campaign_clear()` is called, all persistent SEXP nodes (those used by the campaign) are marked as non-persistent. When `sexp_shutdown()` was moved in #4503, this caused `Sexp_nodes` to be nullptr when the campaign was cleared, which caused a crash. This reorders the shutdown functions to prevent the crash.	2022-07-22 20:39:20 -05:00
MageKing17	a16be863f3	Actually grab the object's type when doing type checks. (#4505 ) PR #4500 added some checks, but accidentally compared `aip->target_objnum` to an object type (although the assertion message correctly retrieved the object type, leading to the bizarre assertion that `OBJ_SHIP`, i.e. 1, was an invalid target object type). This commit makes them all access the `Objects[]` array and retrieve the `.type`, just as the assertion message does (and the pre-#4500 conditional did). Related to #4504, in that it's the source of the failed assertions, although I can't be sure it was the cause of the crashes without testing.	2022-07-20 21:08:40 -04:00
BMagnu	de80c254ae	Ensure that SEXP shudown is before script shutdown (#4503 ) * Ensure that SEXP shudown is before script shutdown * Move before scpui destroy call	2022-07-19 18:56:42 -05:00
Allen A. Babb	d703fcacc3	Move processing of thrust keys to be within the same block as the throttle keys (#4501 ) * Remove do_thrust_keys() function * Clean up documentation of Viewer_mode flags	2022-07-19 18:55:55 -05:00
Goober5000	ddef6ea377	Merge pull request #4498 from Baezon/clear-goals-fix Bugfix for not present ships in `clear-goals`	2022-07-19 09:57:48 -04:00
BMagnu	2b2333f692	Ensure sufficient stack size for Lua values (#4482 ) * Ensure sufficient stack size * Fix Warning * Fix formatting * Rename variable and add docs	2022-07-19 10:14:41 +00:00
JohnAFernandez	4a819d7b20	Include more valid object types in this check (#4500 ) * Include more valid object types in this check The previous version of the fix only included ships because it was believed to be the object that a ship used to be guarding. Now it's clear that this is an object that the ship is currently targeting after guarding something. So remove the UNREACHABLE and manually check the valid object types with an assert. Then only continue with the function if it is the right target type. * typo	2022-07-19 01:47:51 -04:00
Asteroth	a79dd70138	bug fix for not present ships in clear-goals	2022-07-14 16:19:37 -04:00
Goober5000	d5af6b5775	Merge pull request #4496 from Goober5000/fix_4495 check all possible extensions for audio files	2022-07-14 13:19:03 -04:00
Goober5000	e3b24ea9e2	check all possible extensions for audio files When the code checks for the existence of an audio file, be sure to check all relevant extensions. This fixes #4495. Tested with both ST:R personas as well as the Vasudan persona.	2022-07-14 01:38:05 -04:00
Joshua Glatt	8645210c0a	Fix type checking and FRED help for containers in special argument lists (#4486 )	2022-07-13 19:52:21 -07:00
Goober5000	8c39bf54d4	Merge pull request #4491 from Goober5000/time_updates some fixes for playing movies via script	2022-07-13 20:00:26 -04:00
Goober5000	bb43411bb1	elaborate script descriptions	2022-07-13 12:30:01 -04:00
Asteroth	622ae3ef2c	Fix some bugs with maneuvers (#4483 ) * split ai_control_info_check and player-not-use-ai wipes maneuvers * remove redundant flag upkeep and clarify logic	2022-07-13 00:08:08 -04:00
Goober5000	ab7a1d8fd7	some fixes for playing movies via script The movie player code was missing some important functionality, in particular: 1) There was only one timing method to get real-time elapsed time, which was not suitable for pausing or time compression 2) There was an improper cast for the FPS property, causing a script error 3) The `getSeconds` method lost precision during casting This patches those deficiencies.	2022-07-12 23:35:27 -04:00
Asteroth	a246ef21aa	make sure to cap bank_vel (#4487 )	2022-07-12 20:15:42 -04:00
JohnAFernandez	e8d379a91c	Fix an nprintf being in the wrong logic branch (#4485 )	2022-07-11 21:29:06 -04:00
Goober5000	45862e06a9	Merge pull request #4461 from daftmugi/fix/accidental-skip-cutscene Prevent accidental skip cutscene at loading screen	2022-07-11 11:20:00 -04:00
Goober5000	f96a27feb4	Merge pull request #4370 from JohnAFernandez/Ensure-obj_team-is_called_safely Do our best to avoid invalid types in obj_team	2022-07-09 23:06:11 -04:00
Goober5000	f935a4ac38	Merge pull request #4475 from Goober5000/fix_erroneous_angle_modification fix erroneous position/angle modification	2022-07-09 22:58:15 -04:00
Goober5000	601addd5c2	more feedback	2022-07-09 01:56:24 -04:00
Goober5000	7cfbdcd6cf	address feedback	2022-07-08 19:29:51 -04:00
Goober5000	a009dc188c	Merge pull request #4470 from jg18/issue_4405 Provide a limited partial fix for FRED keyboard shortcuts	2022-07-08 18:56:40 -04:00
Goober5000	bb6d7515df	Merge pull request #4477 from notimaginative/fix_fireball_lod_assertion fix lod assertion check (it can equal the max)	2022-07-08 18:56:26 -04:00
Goober5000	f33b8d987e	Merge pull request #4478 from notimaginative/fix_psnet_memory_error fix memset() on nullptr in psnet_get_addr()	2022-07-08 18:56:07 -04:00
Goober5000	2fd98c908b	Merge pull request #4476 from Goober5000/fix_4472 use proper bounds check when bashing hull in red-alert	2022-07-08 18:53:52 -04:00
Taylor Richards	bf1a9f192a	fix memset() on nullptr in psnet_get_addr() "addr" is optional and allowed to be null, so we've got to check it before zeroing	2022-07-08 13:24:58 -04:00
Taylor Richards	ec8cb1ba71	fix lod assertion check (it can equal the max)	2022-07-08 13:22:39 -04:00
John Fernandez	e9e722244b	Return here if not a ship	2022-07-08 12:24:19 -04:00
John Fernandez	2449dd6f70	Equals is ok here	2022-07-08 12:17:53 -04:00
John Fernandez	2748cc6f97	Return here if not a ship in release	2022-07-08 12:17:02 -04:00
John Fernandez	660f72dcc7	Clearer Assertions(TM)	2022-07-08 12:09:52 -04:00
John Fernandez	f1506987eb	Make assertions more readable.	2022-07-08 12:09:52 -04:00
John Fernandez	e0d2d76dc2	Add an else unreachable.	2022-07-08 12:09:52 -04:00
John Fernandez	09b35edae1	More helpful assertions here	2022-07-08 12:09:52 -04:00
John Fernandez	390ddb3fc8	Do our best to avoid invalid types in obj_team	2022-07-08 12:09:52 -04:00
Goober5000	0ab523bcf4	Merge pull request #4462 from the-maddin/fix-gcc12-warnings Fix gcc12 warnings	2022-07-07 21:41:04 -04:00
Goober5000	d72c5dbe75	Merge pull request #4471 from Goober5000/snd_aav_fix reset the adjusted volume when the mission closes	2022-07-07 21:40:29 -04:00
Goober5000	324ccf37cb	use proper bounds check when bashing hull in red-alert This range check is to ensure that the ship's hull is in a valid range, so it should therefore check that the hull is less than the max strength, not less than the current strength. This was inadvertently changed in `593be42e66` and `a04e83ab01`, but retail behavior is to set the exact hull from the previous mission. Tested for both regular ships and delayed-arrival ships. Fixes #4472.	2022-07-07 21:31:14 -04:00
Taylor Richards	20094df4cd	address issues causing network connectivity failures on macOS (#4473 )	2022-07-07 03:15:27 -04:00
Goober5000	8db280ea83	fix erroneous position/angle modification Due to rounding and conversion approximations, it was possible for FRED to think the position and/or angle was modified when no such modification had occurred. This could result in erroneous updates. In the case of angles this could result in a group of ships being assigned the wrong orientation. Follow-up to #2614.	2022-07-07 02:57:06 -04:00
Goober5000	a12e74fe9d	reset the adjusted volume when the mission closes Move `snd_aav_init` to `game_level_close` so that it is always called when the mission exits, not just in the `GS_STATE_GAME_PLAY` state. Fixes #4468.	2022-07-06 12:08:56 -04:00
the-maddin	82e2b67ed8	remove magic number, static assert about lod level assumption	2022-07-06 09:22:49 +02:00
Joshua Glatt	3311704253	Provide a limited partial fix for FRED keyboard shortcuts	2022-07-05 21:29:11 -07:00
the-maddin	7f7eed7a48	comment to clarify	2022-07-05 23:38:57 +02:00
the-maddin	a95938a418	remove #define	2022-07-05 23:38:41 +02:00
the-maddin	557a6a989c	skip LODs instead of ERRORing	2022-07-05 23:35:37 +02:00
Asteroth	0f168ecc5b	warn on mismatched turret objects (#4458 )	2022-07-04 21:55:55 -04:00
Joshua Glatt	1768f5bb1b	Handle syntax checking and caching for nodes with dynamic values (#4460 )	2022-07-03 23:57:54 -07:00
JohnAFernandez	9e6790f317	Prevent a crash by exiting here (#4449 ) * Prevent a crash by exiting here And make an assertion more explicit, just in case. * Fix comment	2022-07-03 22:28:08 -04:00
JohnAFernandez	993a9e9f18	Merge pull request #4463 from Kiloku/bugfix/3321-clamp-values-from-pilot-file Clamp values to their correct ranges when loading and saving pilot and campaign files	2022-07-03 10:18:30 -04:00
kiloku	516548d6be	No clamping bools	2022-07-03 07:49:35 -03:00
kiloku	d1800d8622	Use the labels displayed in the menus	2022-07-03 07:48:03 -03:00
Daft Mugi	c9dd97d223	Prevent accidental skip cutscene at loading screen `os_ignore_events()` deferred events instead of ignoring them. The player could accidentally skip a cutscene at the loading screen and not see any indication there was a cutscene. This only removes deferred skip-cutscene key events, except ESC, right before the cutscene plays. This makes it less likely for a player to accidentally skip the cutscene. This also renames `buffered_events` to `deferred_events` and `os_ignore_events()` to `os_defer_events_on_load_screen()`, which more accurately describes the behavior. Fixes #4419.	2022-07-02 16:58:52 -05:00
Goober5000	c0ea9f5ffc	Merge pull request #4455 from Goober5000/sexp_error_msg_tweak refine SEXP error reporting	2022-07-02 13:22:04 -04:00
kiloku	319c8cc2a1	Clamp values before saving	2022-07-02 09:47:46 -03:00
kiloku	07b8e8d6cb	Clamp settings values when loading	2022-07-01 22:56:19 -03:00
the-maddin	80e2908aa3	GCC12 warning format-overflow Fireball filename field could potentially overflow when adding LOD filename extensions. Added explicit lengths and checks.	2022-07-02 01:03:32 +02:00
Daft Mugi	25a6bf2b87	Prevent accidental skip cutscene at loading screen os_ignore_events() was buffering events instead of ignoring them. This caused any skip-cutscene key to be buffered during the loading screen, which would later be handled during the cutscene. From the player's perspective, there was no cutscene. This changes os_ignore_events() to ignore events. Fixes #4419.	2022-07-01 14:40:10 -05:00
Joshua Glatt	1930943d2d	Auto-accept completed campaign mission before exiting game from debriefing screen via options menu (#4450 )	2022-06-30 19:26:25 -07:00
the-maddin	ed16a81e37	GCC12 warning array compare not comparing ship_info name addresses, but ship_info argument address with address of iterator element.	2022-07-01 00:59:57 +02:00
Asteroth	0121e439aa	tweak to getTurretHeading() docs (#4456 )	2022-06-30 15:07:14 -04:00
Goober5000	6fb72499f9	make all the error messages consistent	2022-06-30 03:15:53 -04:00
Goober5000	eb69133a57	refine SEXP error reporting Sync the "mission save" and "error reporting" versions of the SEXP variable string. Also use `stuff_sexp_text_string` to print the "bad node" token rather than `Sexp_nodes[bad_node].text`, so that a human-readable token is displayed instead of a magic number like 26. Related to #4226, as the generated error message is formatted differently enough to be confusing.	2022-06-30 02:50:08 -04:00
Goober5000	2fcc3ecbf8	Merge pull request #4434 from Goober5000/sync_orientation sync Orientation virtvars	2022-06-29 19:29:13 -04:00
JohnAFernandez	30b2b6caa7	Merge pull request #4407 from JohnAFernandez/Fix-Hud-Brackets A comprehensive fix for the `player.target_is_dying` variable.	2022-06-29 12:31:07 -04:00
John Fernandez	4250aab601	Hud Bracket fixes 1) A comprehensive fix for the is_target_dying variable 2) Also do distance correctly for non-player target brackets by adding a check that we're dealing with the target before using the current target distance. Then also calc distance if it is not the player target. 3) Update comments and checks to be consistent Many of these did not reflect how the variable was actually used, so update the comments.	2022-06-29 11:40:12 -04:00
Goober5000	a9e6c328cf	Merge pull request #4448 from Goober5000/async_mprintfs add some logging to waitAsync	2022-06-28 13:55:33 -04:00
m!m	07b6c17db0	Merge pull request #4445 from the-maddin/ignore-gcc11-warning Ignore Wshadow warnings in stale librocket headers	2022-06-28 18:11:58 +02:00
Goober5000	2ce953aee8	address feedback	2022-06-28 12:04:16 -04:00
Goober5000	05f71a30fb	add some logging to waitAsync Log when the context is created, completes, and is aborted. Adds insight for the situation described in #4432.	2022-06-28 12:02:13 -04:00
Goober5000	5dfef48bf6	Merge pull request #4452 from Goober5000/default_enabled_nprintf_categories set up debug_filter.cfg to have default filters that can be turned off	2022-06-28 12:01:33 -04:00
wookieejedi	f280f11824	Fix AI Goal Display Strings (#4451 ) * Fix AI Goal Display Strings Okay so previously, if a target goal was not valid the code was `strcpy(outbuf, XSTR("no orders", 495)); ` but then it was changed to `outbuf += XSTR("no orders", 495);` So it would instead append the "no orders" instead of properly replace the whole string. Looks just like a copy and paster oversight, since all the other text appends the name of the target with the order. This PR correctly replaces, rather than appends that text. Fixes #4345 * appease clang * use more simple =	2022-06-28 09:33:29 -04:00
Goober5000	e7b73da90e	Merge pull request #4447 from Goober5000/fix_4412_harder even more fixes for the skip-training-mission crash	2022-06-27 23:50:02 -04:00
Goober5000	8698993d44	set up debug_filter.cfg to have default filters that can be turned off Small refactoring of the debug filter, needed as a prerequisite for #4448.	2022-06-27 23:36:49 -04:00
wookieejedi	7b04d401fe	Fix Seg Fault on Standalones with Safer Check for Secondaries (#4446 ) Tests with standalone multiplayer builds revealed that the server would seg fault if a player tried to switch secondaries if the ship did not have secondaries. Tests with standalones showed this fixed the bug. Thanks to chief for the bug IDing and the fix code.	2022-06-26 22:20:48 -04:00
Goober5000	a2b05f085b	even more fixes for the skip-training-mission crash As noted in #4412, it's possible for `Campaign.current_mission` to be -1 even in campaign mode. This explictly checks for that.	2022-06-26 19:08:50 -04:00
the-maddin	6e612cdc97	msvc compat	2022-06-26 21:57:09 +02:00
the-maddin	9a55d90f5d	Ignore Wshadow warnings in stale librocket header GCC 11 raises a warning due to a parameter "word" shadowing a typedef "word".	2022-06-26 21:19:35 +02:00
Tyler Blount	cc2b9fcf94	Use correct needs elements for post build action (#4439 )	2022-06-25 19:00:26 -05:00
Goober5000	ed8af9d197	Merge pull request #4440 from Goober5000/fix_message_source_error better handling of invalid message sources	2022-06-25 16:44:23 -04:00
Goober5000	43f8b123a8	better handling of invalid message sources Another bug discovered by Durandal. The message sender was a variable containing an invalid value, and the game crashed. This handles it more gracefully. Tested and verified.	2022-06-25 15:56:52 -04:00
Goober5000	a930301ec1	Merge pull request #4437 from Goober5000/fix_remove_form_on_wing fix crash when removing form-on-wing	2022-06-25 15:35:24 -04:00
Goober5000	d754f7fe0d	fix crash when removing form-on-wing This goal was missed in `ai_remove_goal_sexp_sub`, so add handling for it. Also make the error message clearer in case another goal is missed in the future.	2022-06-25 00:41:34 -04:00
Goober5000	53bc7861bf	sync Orientation virtvars The two `VIRTVAR`s for Orientation in subsystems and submodel instances do the same thing, but did not have the same code - in particular, the subsystem version did not update the subsystem angle and turret angle. This syncs them up.	2022-06-23 10:08:34 -04:00